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Academic literature on the topic 'Brackish water'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Brackish water"

1

Zhu, Yang, Sun, and Zhang. "Response of Water-Salt Migration to Brackish Water Irrigation with Different Irrigation Intervals and Sequences." Water 11, no. 10 (October 7, 2019): 2089. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11102089.

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Establishing methods for scientific and rational use of brackish water resources is the key to farmland irrigation in the Yellow River Delta region of China. In this study, we conducted laboratory simulation experiments with soil columns and monitored the changes in water infiltration and salt distribution under eight irrigation treatments, including four intervals (0, 30, 60, and 90 min between irrigations) and two sequences (brackish-brackish-fresh water and brackish-fresh-brackish water). The results showed that the duration of water infiltration into the soil was higher under intermittent irrigation than continuous irrigation, with the highest value recorded at the 90-min irrigation interval. There was no significant difference in the mean soil water content between the brackish-brackish-fresh water (28.01–29.71%) and brackish-fresh-brackish water (28.85–29.98%) irrigation treatments. However, the mean soil desalination rate of the brackish-brackish-fresh irrigation treatment (42.51–46.83%) was higher than that of the brackish-fresh-brackish irrigation treatment (39.48–46.47%), and a much higher soil desalination rate was observed at the 90-min irrigation interval, compared with the other intervals. In conclusion, brackish-brackish-fresh water irrigation at longer time intervals (e.g., 90 min between irrigations) is conducive to reduce soil salt content in the surface soil in the study region.

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Arfiati, Diana. "Composition of Plankton in Water and Stomach Milkfish at Brackish Water Ponds." Proceedings of the International Conference on Green Technology 11, no. 1 (November 3, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/icgt.v11i1.1392.

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Abstract- Milkfish which cultivated in brackish water ponds utilize plankton as their natural feed. This study aimed to compare the abundance and type of phytoplankton, zooplankton in waterand stomach milkfish also the water quality of brackish water ponds. This research uses survey method, samples were taken in 3 brackish water ponds. The composition of phytoplankton wasfound in three brackish water ponds with 4 divisions, in the fish stomach 6 divisions, zooplankton composition was founded 2 divisions and fish stomach 2 divisions. Milkfish consumed allcomposition of plankton in water. Based similarity index of plankton composition in water and stomach milkfish about 73%-80%. The water quality of the three brackish water ponds is classified as oligotrophic, abundance of phytoplankton in the range of 630 - 1122 cell/ ml and zooplankton 0-30 ind/ml. Water qualities are classified as good for milkfish cultivation. Therefore, it is recommended to keep the good condition of brackish water ponds.

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3

Singh, D., R. Bharadwaj, and Alpana Mahapatra. "Brackish water desalination technologies." International Journal of Nuclear Desalination 3, no. 1 (2008): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijnd.2008.018926.

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MALKKI, P. "Brackish Water Ecosystems Introduction." ICES Journal of Marine Science 56 (December 1999): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmsc.1999.0627.

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5

Wei, Kai, Jihong Zhang, Quanjiu Wang, Yong Chen, and Qian Ding. "Effects of ionized brackish water and polyacrylamide application on infiltration characteristics and improving water retention and reducing soil salinity." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 101, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 324–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2020-0099.

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There is an urgent need for brackish groundwater-based irrigation methods to be developed for saline soils that are effective, economically advantageous, and environmentally friendly. The use of both ionized brackish water and polyacrylamide (PAM) might provide such a method. The long-term use of brackish water irrigation can lead to the secondary salinization of soil and, as a consequence, restrict the development of the agricultural economy. Here, we conducted one-dimensional vertical infiltration experiments to examine the effects of ionized brackish water and PAM on soil infiltration characteristics. The result indicated that the water retention of soil first increased and then decreased with the increased in PAM application rates. The maximum water retention of soil was obtained in PAM application of 0.04% for ionized brackish water treatment. Soil water storage for the 0.04% PAM application under ionized brackish water irrigation was the highest and 5.1% higher compared with non-ionized brackish water at a PAM application rate of 0.04%. The ionized brackish water treatment at a PAM application rate of 0.04% improved the desalinization efficiency by 2.3% compared with non-ionized brackish water treatment. Thus, ionized treatment and PAM application are effective for improving the characteristics of soil water and salt transport and permit the safe use of brackish groundwater for irrigation.

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6

Zhang, Panpan, and Jianglong Shen. "Effect of brackish water irrigation on the movement of water and salt in salinized soil." Open Geosciences 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 404–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geo-2022-0367.

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Abstract In China, fresh water resources are scarce, while brackish water resources are abundant. Reasonable utilization of brackish water is one of the important measures to alleviate the contradiction of water shortage. In order to study the effect of brackish water irrigation on water and salt transport in saline-alkali soils, one-dimensional brackish water infiltration experiments of soil columns were conducted. The influence of brackish water with different salinities on water and salt transport in salinized soil was compared and analyzed. The results showed that under brackish water irrigation, the Kostiakov model could better simulate the change in soil infiltration rate with time, the soil infiltration capacity had a positive response to the salinity of irrigation water. There was a good linear relationship between cumulative infiltration and the wetting front distance. Under different salinity conditions, the depth of soil desalination, Na+, and Cl− removal is different, which are inversely proportional to the degree of salinity; with the increase in the salinity of irrigation water, the water salt content and the concentration of Na+ and Cl− increased gradually, but the difference in the desalination zone was not obvious. Therefore, brackish water irrigation has a certain effect on the distribution of water and salt in saline soil.

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7

Glueckstern, P., M. Priel, and E. Kotzer. "Blending brackish water with desalted seawater as an alterative to brackish water desalination." Desalination 178, no. 1-3 (July 2005): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2004.11.039.

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8

Liu, Chuncheng, Bingjian Cui, Juan Wang, Chao Hu, Pengfei Huang, Xiaojun Shen, Feng Gao, and Zhongyang Li. "Does Short-Term Combined Irrigation Using Brackish-Reclaimed Water Cause the Risk of Soil Secondary Salinization?" Plants 11, no. 19 (September 28, 2022): 2552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11192552.

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Brackish water has to be used to irrigate crops for harvest due to the scarcity of freshwater resources. However, brackish water irrigation may cause secondary soil salinization. Whether the combined utilization of different non-conventional water resources could relieve the risk of secondary soil salinization has not been reported. In order to explore the safe and rational utilization of brackish water in areas where freshwater resources are scarce, a pot experiment was conducted to study the risk of secondary soil mixed irrigation and rotational irrigation using brackish water and reclaimed water or freshwater. The results indicated that: (1) Short-term irrigation using reclaimed water did not cause secondary soil salinization, although increasing soil pH value, ESP, and SAR. The indices did not exceed the threshold of soil salinization. (2) Compared with mixed irrigation using brackish–freshwater, the contents of soil exchangeable Ca2+, K+, and Mg2+ increased, and the content of soil exchangeable Na+ decreased under rotational irrigation using brackish-reclaimed water. In addition, the contents of soil exchangeable Na+ and Mg2+ under mixed irrigation or rotational irrigation were significantly lower, and the exchangeable K+ content of the soil was higher compared with brackish water irrigation. The exchangeable Ca2+ content under rotational irrigation was higher than that of brackish water irrigation, while the reverse was seen under mixed irrigation. (3) For different combined utilization modes of brackish water and reclaimed water, the ESP and SAR were the lowest under rotational irrigation, followed by mixed irrigation and brackish water irrigation. The ESP under brackish water treatment exceeded 15%, indicating a certain risk of salinization, while ESPs under other treatments were below 15%. Under mixed irrigation or rational irrigation using reclaimed-brackish water, the higher the proportion or rotational times of reclaimed water, the lower the risk of secondary soil salinization. Therefore, short-term combined irrigation using brackish water and reclaimed water will not cause the risk of secondary soil salinization, but further experiments need to verify or cooperate with other agronomic measures in long-term utilization.

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Liu, Chuncheng, Bingjian Cui, Ketema Tilahun Zeleke, Chao Hu, Haiqing Wu, Erping Cui, Pengfei Huang, and Feng Gao. "Risk of Secondary Soil Salinization under Mixed Irrigation Using Brackish Water and Reclaimed Water." Agronomy 11, no. 10 (October 11, 2021): 2039. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11102039.

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The use of unconventional water resources is an effective way to alleviate the scarcity of freshwater resources, especially in areas where freshwater is scarce, but reclaimed water is abundant. To explore the reasonable utilization of brackish water and reclaimed water, a pot experiment was carried out to study the risk of secondary soil salinization. The experiment set two salinity levels of brackish water, four mixed irrigation ratios of brackish water and reclaimed water, and freshwater irrigation as the control. The results showed that: (1) Soil moisture content, salt content, pH, ESP, and SAR decreased with the increase in the proportion of reclaimed water in the mixture. (2) Soil exchangeable Ca2+ content under mixed irrigation was higher than that of brackish water irrigation and reclaimed water irrigation. The content was especially significantly higher under the 1:2 mixed irrigation with brackish-reclaimed water. With the increase of the proportion of reclaimed water in the mixture, soil exchangeable Na+ content decreased, and a significant difference was found between treatments. The soil exchangeable K+ decreased at first and then increased, while the soil exchangeable Ca2+ increased at first and then decreased. The trend of the change of soil exchangeable Mg2+ content was similar to that of soil exchangeable Ca2+ content. (3) Based on the soil pH value, there was no risk of soil alkalization in all treatments. Based on ESP, ESP was less than 15% under freshwater irrigation, brackish (3 g/L)-reclaimed water 1:2 mixed irrigation, and reclaimed water irrigation, indicating no risk of alkalization. However, other treatments may cause soil alkalization. (4) At 3 g/L of brackish water, there was a salinization risk when the proportion of reclaimed water in the mixture was less than 1/2, but there was no salinization risk when the proportion was greater than 1/2. At 5 g/L of brackish water, there was a salinization risk under mixed irrigation. Therefore, the mixed irrigation of brackish water and reclaimed water had the risk of secondary soil salinization, and the appropriate salinity and mixing ratio should be selected.

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Zhang, Jihong, Quanjiu Wang, Kai Wei, Yi Guo, Weiyi Mu, and Yan Sun. "Magnetic Water Treatment: An Eco-Friendly Irrigation Alternative to Alleviate Salt Stress of Brackish Water in Seed Germination and Early Seedling Growth of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)." Plants 11, no. 11 (May 25, 2022): 1397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11111397.

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Magnetized water has been a promising approach to improve crop productivity but the conditions for its effectiveness remain contradictory and inconclusive. The objective of this research was to understand the influences of different magnetized water with varying quality on seed absorption, germination, and early growth of cotton. To this end, a series of experiments involving the seed soaking process, germination test, and pot experiment were carried out to study the effects of different qualities (fresh and brackish water) of magnetized water on seed water absorption, germination, seedling growth, photosynthetic characteristics, and biomass of cotton in 2018. The results showed that the maximum relative water absorption of magnetized fresh and magnetized brackish water relatively increased by 16.76% and 19.75%, respectively, and the magnetic effect time of brackish water was longer than fresh water. The relative promotion effect of magnetized brackish water on cotton seed germination and growth potential was greater than magnetized fresh water. The cotton seeds germination rate under magnetized fresh and magnetized brackish water irrigation relatively increased by 13.14% and 41.86%, respectively, and the relative promoting effect of magnetized brackish water on the vitality indexes and the morphological indexes of cotton seedlings was greater than magnetized fresh water. Unlike non-magnetized water, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), and instantaneous water use efficiency (iWUE) of cotton irrigated with magnetized water increased significantly, while the stomatal limit value (Ls) decreased. The influences of photosynthesis and water use efficiency of cotton under magnetized brackish water were greater than magnetized fresh water. Magnetized fresh water had no significant effect on biomass proportional distribution of cotton but magnetized brackish water irrigation markedly improved the root-to-stem ratio of cotton within a 35.72% range. Therefore, the magnetization of brackish water does improve the growth characteristics of cotton seedlings, and the biological effect of magnetized brackish water is more significant than that of fresh water. It is suggested that magnetized brackish water can be used to irrigate cotton seedlings when freshwater resources are insufficient.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Brackish water"

1

Patel, Ramanbhai Motibhai. "Subirrigation with brackish water." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0020/NQ44550.pdf.

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2

Park, Gavin Lawrence. "Wind-powered membrane desalination of brackish water." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2532.

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This thesis presents a detailed investigation of the technical feasibility, challenges and performance issues associated with the direct-connection of a wind turbine to a membrane (wind-membrane) system for treating brackish water in remote communities. The direct-connection of these two technologies negates the reliance on energy storage in batteries, which are traditionally used, but result in reduced system efficiency and increased life-cycle costs. Furthermore, the lack of knowledge of the safe operating window in which transient operation of membrane systems is beneficial or tolerable can be addressed. The impact of wind speed fluctuations on the performance of the wind-membrane system (using a BW30-4040 membrane and feed waters of 2750 and 5500 mg/L NaCl) showed that the performance deteriorated most under fluctuations at low average wind speeds with high turbulence intensity and long periods of oscillation. Therefore, the main challenge of operating with renewable energy is not the size of the fluctuations, but the effect of the power switching off. Further examination of the impact of wind intermittency (over one hour intervals with intermittent periods from 0.5 – 3 min) showed that the increase in permeate concentration was highest at off-times < 60 s, highlighting the potential for improved performance using short-term energy buffering. The safe operating window and the key constraints to safe operation were determined for several membranes and feed water concentrations to establish the optimum operating strategy for the wind-membrane system. Supercapacitors were used to expand the safe operating window by providing energy during periods of intermittency and enhancing the power quality delivered to the membrane system by absorbing wind fluctuations. When tested over 24 hours using real wind speed data (average 6 m/s), the wind-membrane system produced 0.78 m3 of water with an average permeate concentration of 240 mg/L NaCl and average specific energy consumption (SEC) of 5.2 kWh/m3. With the addition of supercapacitor storage, the system performance improved significantly with 0.93 m3 of water produced with an average permeate concentration of 170 mg/L NaCl and SEC of 3.2 kWh/m3.

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3

Hajarat, Rasha. "The use of nanofiltration membrane in desalinating brackish water." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-use-of-nanofiltration-membrane-in-desalinating-brackish-water(870d69f0-073d-4474-b591-e9fe85a92af7).html.

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4

Harper, Grant. "Biomass-powered zero liquid discharge desalination of brackish water." Thesis, Harper, Grant (2018) Biomass-powered zero liquid discharge desalination of brackish water. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2018. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/44867/.

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Desalination is accepted as being a necessary technology to support the livelihood of communities. However, to prevent the harmful environmental impacts of brine, desalination needs to be designed with zero liquid discharge being the process rather than an afterthought. Existing approaches are often found to be inadequate and significant amounts of research into ways to prevent liquid waste are currently in place. The challenge is that the technology must be able to treat post-RO salinities (usually with high amounts of thermal energy) to be able to overcome the low heat capacities and high boiling points of saline solutions >70,000 mg/L. This research honours project investigates a proposal developed by Enerbi Pty Ltd that incorporates heat, mechanical and electrical energy into a desalination unit that is powered by Biomass and produces a Zero Liquid Discharge product. The system was modeled in Excel and ChemCad and found to successfully produce a dry product with moderate quantities of biomass. The proposal was then modelled to treat 60ML per year under various scenarios using two particular types of Biomass, Plantation Waste, and Oil Mallee crops. These scenarios included high-value agricultural and horticultural crop scenarios using desalinated water for irrigation and salinity, with salinity problems on site being amended via saline water uptake and intervention crop planting. The design was carried further to a Pilot Plant configuration specified using ‘off the shelf’ products, and the Pilot Plant design included upgrading the power configuration to allow for additional equipment. The Pilot Plant configuration was tested up to salinities of 85,000mg/L. It was found to successfully cope with this salinity, the most likely upper limit due to heat requirements of evaporation of hyper-saline solutions. A final concept 3D model was created to assist with placement and configuration.

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Caraballo, Ginna. "An Arduino Based Control System for a Brackish Water Desalination Plant." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc804931/.

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Water scarcity for agriculture is one of the most important challenges to improve food security worldwide. In this thesis we study the potential to develop a low-cost controller for a small scale brackish desalination plant that consists of proven water treatment technologies, reverse osmosis, cation exchange, and nanofiltration to treat groundwater into two final products: drinking water and irrigation water. The plant is powered by a combination of wind and solar power systems. The low-cost controller uses Arduino Mega, and Arduino DUE, which consist of ATmega2560 and Atmel SAM3X8E ARM Cortex-M3 CPU microcontrollers. These are widely used systems characterized for good performance and low cost. However, Arduino also requires drivers and interfaces to allow the control and monitoring of sensors and actuators. The thesis explains the process, as well as the hardware and software implemented.

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Hawkins, David John. "Morphology and epidemiology of the ergasilid (Copepoda: Poecilostomatoida) parasites of British freshwater fish." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395934.

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Gigante, Bethany Marie. "SALINE ADAPTATION OF THE MICROALGA Scenedesmus dimorphus FROM FRESH WATER TO BRACKISH WATER." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1382355969.

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Martinetti, C. Riziero. "Membrane contractor processes for desalination of brackish water reverse osmosis brines /." abstract and full text PDF (UNR users only), 2008. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1455665.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2008.
"May, 2008." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 35-38). Library also has microfilm. Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [2008]. 1 microfilm reel ; 35 mm. Online version available on the World Wide Web.

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Pritchard, Mark. "Dynamics of a small tidal estuarine plume." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/844.

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Small-scale estuarine plume discharges into adjacent seas are common inshore features responsible for the transportation and dispersion of brackish water in the coastal zone. However, the physics that govern small-scale mixing in the frontal regions of river plumes are still poorly understood. The current study quantified and compared the observed hydrodynamic properties present inside a radially spreading river plume discharge from the River Teign, Teignmouth, Devon, UK, to those predicted by a generic plume model. Numerical simulations designed to replicate time dependent radial plume spreading from a constant source predicted the development of an internal interfacial bore that lagged the surface plume front through radial distance and time from initial plume release. The model was scaled from time lapse X-band radar imagery that recorded several plume discharge events. Scaled model output predicted the internal bore to form approximately 180 m behind the leading surface front. Subsequent field studies employed instrumentation capable of recording high-resolution measurements of temperature, salinity and velocity, spatially and vertically throughout the plume's buoyant layer over two ebb tidal cycles. Results suggested the plume advanced at a rate dependent on a super-critical interfacial Froude number of O(1.3) and was a region of intense mixing and downward mass entrainment. Temperature contours recorded through the stratified plume gave no indication of an internal bore in its predicted position but did show an abrupt shallowing of the interfacial region some 40 to 60 m behind the surface plume front. Super-critical interfacial Froude and critical Gradient Richardson numbers present in this region of the plume implied that this was the position of the predicted bore. The form of the bore often appeared as an ensemble of undular internal hydraulic jumps rather than a singular discontinuity as predicted by the model. Bulk mixing analysis inside the leading front based on established gravity current theory suggested that the extent of turbulent exchange in the model frontal boundary condition P, was underestimated by about a factor of 2. With the required increase in P, model simulations showed a decrease in the lag distance of internal bore formation to one where critical Froude numbers were detected inside the actual plume. Throughout both surveys, the gravity head remained a reasonably constant size due to any increase in across frontal velocity over the ebb tidal cycle being matched by an increase in entrainment and mixing. The subsequent conclusions from the study show the outflow and mixing dynamics are controlled by the estuary's tidal modulation of estuarine brackish water outflow / plume inflow rate behind the leading plume frontal discontinuity.

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Jones, Michael A. "Systems Modeling and Economic Analysis of Photovoltaic (PV) Powered Water Pumping Brackish Water Desalination for Agriculture." DigitalCommons@USU, 2015. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4265.

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Global growing demand for agricultural production has put increased pressure on freshwater resources in various global locations. Many areas have saline groundwater resources which have not been utilized for agriculture due to the economics associated with water pumping and desalination. Limited availability to electricity and high operational costs of diesel generators are major obstacles to utilization of these resources. Reduced costs associated with large-scale renewable energy have renewed interest in understanding the potential impacts of developing distributed photovoltaic (PV) powered water pumping and desalination systems for agriculture. In order to determine the economic feasibility of solar-powered water pumping and desalination for agriculture, an engineering system model that performs hourly simulations of direct-coupled PV pumping and desalination systems by integrating environmental resource data and industrial component performance data was developed. Optimization algorithms were created to identify the best membrane type, control method and reverse osmosis system configuration for a given set of locational parameters. Economic analysis shows that PV-powered systems are more economical than diesel-powered systems for water pumping, with water desalination costs for PV- and diesel-powered systems being comparable. Grid-powered systems are able to pump and desalinate water for a lower cost than PV or diesel for all cases evaluated. A sensitivity analysis is performed to generalize results for different input parameters and illustrate the impact of input variables on water unit costs. Several case studies in the Jordan Valley were evaluated to illustrate the economic viability of solar-based systems with simulation results including a direct comparison to diesel- and grid-connected alternatives. Results indicate that under fair environmental conditions and irrigating greenhouse vegetables, the PV-, diesel-, and grid-powered systems produce favorable internal rates of return of 40%, 84%, and 248%, respectively. Under poor environmental conditions and less profitable crops the PV-, diesel-, and grid-powered systems all result in negative internal rates of return, illustrating the need for optimal location and crop selection for system implementation.

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Books on the topic "Brackish water"

1

Dash, Madhab C. Brackish water prawn culture. Palani: Palani Paramount Publications, 1994.

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The brackish-water fauna of northwestern Europe: An identification guide to brackish-water habitats, ecology, and macrofauna for field workers, naturalists, and students. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press, 1994.

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Raucher, Robert S. Guidelines for implementing seawater and brackish water desalination facilities. Denver, CO: Water Research Foundation, 2010.

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Rao, D. V. A field guide to fishes: Chilika Lake, Orissa, east coast of India. New Delhi: Akansha Pub. House, 2009.

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A field guide to fishes: Chilika Lake, Orissa, East Cost of India. New Delhi, India: Akansha Pub. House, 2009.

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Raasch, Maynard S. Delaware's freshwater and brackish-water fishes: A popular account. 3rd ed. Hockessin, Del. (P.O. Box 700, Hockessin 19707): Delaware Nature Society, 1997.

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Erik, Mortensen, ed. Nutrient dynamics and biological structure in shallow freshwater and brackish lakes. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1994.

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Drummond, David D. Hydrogeology, brackish-water occurrence, and simulation of flow and brackish-water movement in the Aquia aquifer in the Kent Island area, Maryland. Baltimore, Md. (2300 St. Paul St., Baltimore 21218): Dept. of Natural Resources, Maryland Geological Survey, 1988.

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Mingazova, N. M. Bioraznoobrazie i tipologii︠a︡ karstovykh ozer Povolzhʹi︠a︡. Kazanʹ: Kazanskiĭ gos. universitet, 2009.

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Xuegang, Sun, ed. Zhongguo xi bei nei lu yan di zhi wu tu pu: Atlas of halophytes in northwest inland of China. Beijing: Zhongguo lin ye chu ban she, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Brackish water"

1

Das, Gautam Kumar. "Brackish Water." In Estuarine Morphodynamics of the Sunderbans, 47–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11343-2_3.

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Boaden, Patrick J. S., and Raymond Seed. "Brackish-Water Environments." In An introduction to Coastal Ecology, 78–89. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-8539-8_5.

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Boaden, Patrickn J. S., and Raymono Seed. "Brackish-Water Environments." In An Introduction to Coastal Ecology, 78–89. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-7100-7_5.

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Coad, Brian W. "Brackish Water Species." In Marine Fishes of Arctic Canada, edited by Brian W. Coad and James D. Reist, 84–86. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/9781442667297-017.

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Person, Mark A., and Nafis Sazeed. "Continental Brackish Groundwater Resources." In Unconventional Water Resources, 111–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90146-2_6.

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Schubert, Hendrik, Dirk Schories, Bernd Schneider, and Uwe Selig. "Brackish water as an environment." In Biological Oceanography of the Baltic Sea, 3–21. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0668-2_1.

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Ulanowicz, Robert E. "New perspectives through brackish water ecology." In Biology of the Baltic Sea, 3–12. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0920-0_1.

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Ahmed, Faizan, and Shaik Feroz. "Treatment of Pollutants from Brackish Water." In Removal of Pollutants from Saline Water, 215–30. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003185437-13.

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Ax, Peter. "Northern circumpolar distribution of brackish-water plathelminths." In Turbellarian Biology, 365–68. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2775-2_51.

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Ax, P. "Brackish-water Plathelminthes from the Faroe Islands." In Biology of Turbellaria and some Related Flatworms, 45–47. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0045-8_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Brackish water"

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Sherif, Mohsen, and Ampar Shetty. "Freshwater Storage in Brackish Aquifers." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2013. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412947.043.

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Cook, Victor, Will Lovins, Thomas Jones, and Michael Englemann. "Brackish Water Treatment: An Application in Water Reuse." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2011. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41173(414)166.

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Zhou, Chenli, and hengjia zhang. "Research progress on brackish water irrigation." In 5th International Conference on Traffic Engineering and Transportation System (ICTETS 2021), edited by Yongkang Xing. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2619641.

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Gingras, Murray K., Eric Ditzler, Eric R. Timmer, and Michael J. Ranger. "ICHNOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTIONS ON A BRACKISH-WATER POINTBAR." In Rocky Mountain Section - 69th Annual Meeting - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017rm-293342.

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Nasner, Horst, Rainer Pieper, Patrick Torn, and Harm Kuhlenkamp. "PREVENTION OF SEDIMENTATION IN BRACKISH WATER HARBOURS." In Proceedings of the 30th International Conference. World Scientific Publishing Company, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812709554_0252.

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Stewart, David R. "Brackish Water as a Water New Resource for Energy Development." In SPE Western North American and Rocky Mountain Joint Meeting. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/169486-ms.

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Frenkel, Val. "Brackish vs. Seawater Desalination: Which Is More Cost-Effective?" In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2007. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40927(243)448.

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Rahubadde, Udaya, Akmal Gunasekara, and Thisara Kumara. "Solar Powered Brackish Water Pumping & Desalination Plant." In 2022 5th International Conference on Energy Conservation and Efficiency (ICECE). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icece54634.2022.9758979.

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Stillwell, Ashlynn S., and Michael E. Webber. "Feasibility of Wind Power for Brackish Groundwater Desalination: A Case Study of the Energy-Water Nexus in Texas." In ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90158.

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With dwindling water supplies and the impacts of climate change, many cities are turning to water sources previously considered unusable. One such source for inland cities is brackish groundwater. With prolonged drought throughout Texas, cities such as El Paso, Lubbock, and San Antonio are desalinating brackish groundwater to supplement existing water sources. Similar projects are under consideration elsewhere in Texas. While brackish groundwater contains fewer total dissolved solids than seawater, desalination of brackish groundwater is still an energy-intensive process. Brackish water desalination using reverse osmosis, the most common desalination membrane treatment process, consumes 20 to 40 times more energy than traditional surface water treatment using local water sources. This additional energy consumption leads to increased carbon emissions when using fossil fuel-generated electricity. As a result of concern over greenhouse gas emissions from additional energy consumption, some desalination plants are powered by wind-generated electricity. West Texas is a prime area for desalination of brackish groundwater using wind power, since both wind and brackish groundwater resources are abundant in the area. Most of the Texas Panhandle and Plains region has wind resource potential classified as Class 3 or higher. Additionally, brackish groundwater is found at depths less than 150 m in most of west Texas. This combination of wind and brackish groundwater resources presents opportunities for the production of alternative drinking water supplies without severe carbon emissions. Additionally, since membrane treatment is not required to operate continuously, desalination matches well with variable wind power. Implementing a brackish groundwater desalination project using wind-generated electricity requires economic feasibility, in addition to the geographic availability of the two resources. Using capital and operating cost data for wind turbines and desalination membranes, we conducted a thermoeconomic analysis for three parameters: 1) transmission and transport, 2) geographic proximity, and 3) aquifer volume. Our first parameter analyzes the cost effectiveness of tradeoffs between building infrastructure to transmit wind-generated electricity to the desalination facility versus pipelines to transport brackish groundwater to the wind turbines. Secondly, we estimate the maximum distance between the wind turbines and brackish groundwater at which desalination using wind power remains economically feasible. Finally, we estimate the minimum available brackish aquifer volume necessary to make such a project profitable. Our analysis illustrates a potential drinking water option for Texas (and other parts of the world with similar conditions) using renewable energy to treat previously unusable water. Harnessing these two resources in an economically efficient manner may help reduce future strain on the energy-water nexus.

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Bukhary, Saria, Jacimaria Batista, and Sajjad Ahmad. "Sustainable Desalination of Brackish Groundwater for the Las Vegas Valley." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2018. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784481417.032.

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Reports on the topic "Brackish water"

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Sullivan Graham, Enid Joan. Implementing Brackish Water Use. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1169680.

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Boettcher, Seth J., Courtney Gately, Alexandra L. Lizano, Alexis Long, and Alexis Yelvington. Part 1: Brackish Groundwater Desalination Technical Report. Edited by Gabriel Eckstein. Texas A&M University School of Law Program in Natural Resources Systems, May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/eenrs.brackishgroundwater.p1.

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This Brackish Groundwater Desalination Technical Report examines the legal frameworks that affect desalination in Texas. The goal of this report is to provide insight into the legal and regulatory barriers, challenges, and opportunities for these technologies to go online. Each desalination implementation site has to find ways of complying with various laws and regulations. The information in this Report comes from the study of brackish groundwater desalination facilities currently operating in Texas, as well as extensive research into available literature and documents from various agencies. While there is no updated “one-stop-shop” resource that provides detailed information on all the necessary permits to build, operate, and maintain such facilities, this Technical Report aims to compile the existing, available information in an organized and accessible fashion. The Brackish Groundwater Desalination Technical Report is the first of three reports that make up the work product of a project undertaken by students at Texas A&M University School of Law in a select capstone seminar. These reports examine regulations surrounding desalination and water recycling. The companion report entitled Water Recycling Technical Report highlights building, operating, and monitoring requirements for water recycling facilities in Texas. Finally, the Case Study Report expands on regulations in San Antonio and El Paso where these water alternatives are in place.

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Han, Jongyoon. Scalable, Self-powered purification technology for brackish and heavy-metal contaminated water. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1176937.

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Gentzis, T., F. Goodarzi, and K. Lali. Petrographic Study of Upper Cretaceous Brackish - Water Coals From Vesta Mine, East - Central Alberta. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/131354.

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Boettcher, Seth J., Courtney Gately, Alexandra L. Lizano, Alexis Long, and Alexis Yelvington. Part 2: Water Recycling Technical Report for Direct Non-Potable Use. Edited by Gabriel Eckstein. Texas A&M University School of Law Program in Natural Resources Systems, May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/eenrs.brackishgroundwater.p2.

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This Water Recycling Technical Report examines the legal frameworks that affect water recycling in Texas. The goal of this report is to provide insight into the legal and regulatory barriers, challenges, and opportunities for these technologies to go online. Each water recycling implementation site has to find ways of complying with various laws and regulations. The information in this Report comes from the study of water recycling facilities currently operating in Texas, as well as extensive research into available literature and documents from various agencies. While there is no updated “one-stop-shop” resource that provides detailed information on all the necessary permits to build, operate, and maintain such facilities, this Technical Report aims to compile the existing, available information in an organized and accessible fashion. The Water Recycling Technical Report is the second of three reports that make up the work product of a project undertaken by students at Texas A&M University School of Law in a select capstone seminar. These reports examine regulations surrounding desalination and water recycling. The companion report entitled Brackish Groundwater Desalination Technical Report highlights building, operating, and monitoring requirements for desalination facilities in Texas. Finally, the Case Study Report expands on regulations in San Antonio and El Paso where these water alternatives are in place.

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Boettcher, Seth J., Courtney Gately, Alexandra L. Lizano, Alexis Long, and Alexis Yelvington. Part 3: Case Study Appendices to the Technical Reports. Edited by Gabriel Eckstein. Texas A&M University School of Law Program in Natural Resources Systems, May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/eenrs.brackishgroundwater.p3.

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This Case Study Appendix to the Technical Reports expands on regulations in San Antonio and El Paso where these water alternatives are in place. The goal of this report is to provide insight into the legal and regulatory barriers, challenges, and opportunities for these technologies to go online. Each desalination and water recycling faciality implementation site must comply with various laws and regulations. The information in these Case Studies comes from the study of brackish groundwater desalination and water recycling facilities currently operating in Texas. While there is no updated “one-stop-shop” resource where a municipal leader can find a list of all the necessary permits to build, operate, and maintain such facilities, this Technical Report aims to compile the existing, available information in an organized and accessible fashion. The Desalination Technical report is the third in a series of three reports which make up the Project. These reports examine regulations surrounding desalination and water recycling. The companion reports generally highlight building, operating, and monitoring requirements for water recycling facilities in Texas.

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Zainun, I., S. Budidarsono, Y. Rinaldi, and M. C. Adek. Socio-economic aspects of brackish water aquaculture (Tambak) production in Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam: integrated natural resource managament and livelihood paradigms in recovery from the Tsunami in Aceh ICRAF Working Paper no. 46. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp15176.pdf.

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Carter, T. R., C. E. Logan, J K Clark, H. A. J. Russell, E. H. Priebe, and S. Sun. A three-dimensional bedrock hydrostratigraphic model of southern Ontario. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331098.

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A hydrostratigraphic framework has been developed for southern Ontario consisting of 15 hydrostratigraphic units and 3 regional hydrochemical regimes. Using this framework, the 54 layer 3-D lithostratigraphic model has been converted into a 15 layer 3-D hydrostratigraphic model. Layers are expressed as either aquifer or aquitard based principally on hydrogeologic characteristics, in particular the permeability and the occurrence/absence of groundwater when intersected by a water well or petroleum well. Hydrostratigraphic aquifer units are sub-divided into up to three distinct hydrochemical regimes: brines (deep), brackish-saline sulphur water (intermediate), and fresh (shallow). The hydrostratigraphic unit assignment provides a standard nomenclature and definition for regional flow modelling of potable water and deeper fluids. Included in the model are: 1) 3-D hydrostratigraphic units, 2) 3-D hydrochemical fluid zones within aquifers, 3) 3-D representations of oil and natural gas reservoirs which form an integral part of the intermediate to deep groundwater regimes, 4) 3-D fluid level surfaces for deep Cambrian brines, for brines and fresh to sulphurous groundwater in the Guelph Aquifer, and the fresh to sulphurous groundwater of the Bass Islands Aquifer and Lucas-Dundee Aquifer, 5) inferred shallow karst, 6) base of fresh water, 7) Lockport Group TDS, and 8) the 3-D lithostratigraphy. The 3-D hydrostratigraphic model is derived from the lithostratigraphic layers of the published 3-D geological model. It is constructed using Leapfrog Works at 400 m grid scale and is distributed in a proprietary format with free viewer software as well as industry standard formats.

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Krumhansl, James Lee, Jason Pless, Tina Maria Nenoff, James A. Voigt, Mark L. F. Phillips, Marlene Axness, Diana Lynn Moore, and Allan Richard Sattler. Desalination of brackish ground waters and produced waters using in-situ precipitation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/919133.

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Sparks, Donald L., and Sala Feigenbaum. Effect of Irrigation with Brackish and Sewage Effluent Waters on Potassium Reactions in Soils. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1987.7566847.bard.

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