Journal articles: 'Brachiopoda'

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VINN, OLEV, MARK A. WILSON, MARE ISAKAR, and URSULA TOOM. "NEW BIOCLAUSTRATION OF A SYMBIONT IN THE MANTLE CAVITY OF CLITAMBONITES SCHMIDTI (BRACHIOPODA) FROM THE SANDBIAN (UPPER ORDOVICIAN) OF ESTONIA." PALAIOS 37, no. 9 (September 15, 2022): 520–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/palo.2021.067.

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Abstract A new bioclaustration of a symbiont is here described from the mantle cavity of the strophomenatan brachiopod Clitambonites schmidti. It is the second bioclaustration in brachiopods known from the Kukruse Regional Stage (Sandbian) of Estonia. It shares affinities with the bioclaustrations Burrinjuckia and Haplorygma. The outgrowth in the ventral valve interior was secreted by the brachiopod around a symbiont. Most likely the symbiont was a suspension feeder that collected food particles from the brachiopod's mantle cavity. The symbiont was either a kleptoparasite or fed on the brachiopod's feces (coprophagy). The majority of symbiosis cases in brachiopods in the Ordovician of Baltica involve clitambonitids as the hosts. Thus, clitambonitid brachiopods were more likely hosts for symbiosis than other brachiopods in the Ordovician of Baltica.

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ARAYA, JUAN FRANCISCO, and MARIA ALEKSANDRA BITNER. "Rediscovery of Terebratulina austroamericana Zezina, 1981 (Brachiopoda: Cancellothyrididae) from off northern Chile." Zootaxa 4407, no. 3 (April 11, 2018): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4407.3.11.

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Phylum Brachiopoda, shelled marine invertebrates, is currently represented by about 400 extant species; a tiny fraction of the ca. 30,000 described fossil species (Emig et al. 2013; Bitner 2014; Nauendorf et al. 2014; Logan et al. 2015). Only twenty of these Recent species are known from the Chilean coasts (Lee et al. 2008), most of them from subtidal waters. Of these, only Magellania venosa (Dixon, 1789) (the largest extant brachiopod) and Discinisca lamellosa (Broderip, 1833) are common species found in the southern and central-northern coasts of the country, respectively. As with other marine invertebrates, brachiopods from the region have been reviewed in few studies, apart from some classic nineteenth century works by Sowerby (1822); Broderip (1833); Davidson (1878, 1888); Dall (1895, 1902, 1908), and by Dall and Pilsbry (1891). More recent studies include Cooper (1973, 1982) and Foster (1989) reviewing brachiopods from the Southern Hemisphere and the extreme South Pacific; Zezina (1981, 1989) describing species from the underwater ridges of the Eastern Pacific; Moyano (1995) who revised all the literature dealing with Brachiopoda in Chile; and most recently Baumgarten et al. (2014) who studied the population structure of Magellania venosa in the fjord region of southern Chile.

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Copper, Paul. "Originations and Extinctions in Brachiopods." Paleontological Society Papers 7 (November 2001): 249–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1089332600000991.

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Broad patterns of originations and extinctions of genera, as well as families and higher groups, have always interested those who study the fossil record (e.g., Sepkoski, 1984). They record an important part of the major changeovers, and thus the dynamics, of marine ecosystems over time (Droser et al., 1996; Droser and Sheehan, 1997). This seems especially true for the Paleozoic, when brachiopods were the dominant shelly animals on the seafloor in tropical, temperate, and even cold water settings. Attempts have also been made to determine turnover patterns at the species level (Patzkowsky and Holland, 1997), though this is a much more difficult task, as the validity of species depends a great deal on the skills of the taxonomist. A similar problem is the comparative analysis of diversification data based on a single continent, e.g., North America, as related to others (Miller, 1997a, b); though Laurentia is probably better studied than most areas except western Europe. The exercise of studying broad-scale generic gains and losses for the brachiopods is at the present time preliminary (only three volumes of the revised Treatise are published). The 1965 Treatise contains fewer than 25% of the genera known in detail and described today, with an almost exponential increase in taxonomic description since the 1960s (Williams, 1996). Since then, there have been dramatic revisions and re-interpretations of the evolutionary history of the major brachiopod families, as a new generation of brachiopod workers arrived and matured. We also have a considerably improved knowledge of molecular relationships within the Brachiopoda (Cohen and Gawthrop, 1996). Sound taxonomy is the fundamental basis for sound theoretical discussion of the nature and origins of major changeovers in phyla such as the Brachiopoda. Unfortunately, there are presently relatively few, active brachiopod specialists, as taxonomy has given way to other, more general interests.

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Carlson, Sandra J. "Inarticulata, brachiopoda, Lophophorata: what do they signify?" Paleontological Society Special Publications 6 (1992): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200006110.

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Higher taxonomic ranks typically distinguish morphologically disparate groups whose within-group common ancestry is assumed to be more recent than that between groups. Because in practice this assumption is rarely tested, common wisdom now advocates that the relationship between traditional classifications and phylogenies be made more explicit. Classifications of organisms were established originally to serve a variety of purposes, which may or may not have had an evolutionary rationale. Thus, if named superspecific taxa are to play an interpretable role in macroevolutionary studies, their status as clades should at least be investigated, if not demonstrated unambiguously.The monophyly of the Brachiopoda is supported by a large number of synapomorphies, both morphological and embryological. Within the Brachiopoda, systematists have focused historically on single character (“key innovation”) definitions of higher taxa (e.g., attitude of the pedicle relative to the valves, nature of articulation between the valves, valve mineralogy); this procedure has resulted in intraphylum divisions whose evolutionary significance is uncertain. For example, monophyly of the Inarticulata continues to be debated vigorously; the position of the calcareous inarticulates (craniaceans) is particularly contentious. The traditional classification, based largely on the presence or absence of teeth and sockets, has been challenged recently by the following arguments: lack of articulation is primitive for brachiopods and, as a symplesiomorphy, cannot define a major clade; valve mineralogy is a more reliable indicator of phylogenetic affinity because phosphatic and calcareous-shelled brachiopods both appear very early in the fossil record.To test these arguments in the broader context of metazoan phylogeny, I chose to investigate not only relationships among brachiopod higher taxa, but also of brachiopods to other lophophorates and selected protostome and deuterostome taxa. I analyzed (using PAUP 3.0) the phylogenetic relationships among the seven Recent brachiopod superfamilies (assuming each to be monophyletic), using 119 characters of soft and hard anatomy and embryology. Four outgroup taxa were used: Phoronida, Bryozoa, Sipunculida, Pterobranchia. One most parsimonious cladogram of length 219, C.I. = .722, resulted. In this cladogram, Inarticulata and Articulata are each monophyletic, with 9 and 32 synapomorphies, respectively. Calcareous skeletal mineralogy is clearly primitive for metazoans; there is no justification for claiming it as a synapomorphy of a clade within the Brachiopoda. Outgroup analysis has no power, in this instance, to determine the polarity of articulation, since no outgroups possess two valves (molluscs and other animals have evolved the bivalved condition independently, based on numerous other characters); thus, the lack of valve articulation is not unambiguously primitive, by this polarity criterion.Although many textbooks continue to refer to Lophophorates as a group distinct from other metazoans, presumably by virtue of common ancestry, “lophophorates” do not appear to be monophyletic unless the possession of a lophophore is selectively weighted; among the outgroups in this cladogram, bryozoans cluster with sipunculids, and phoronids with pterobranchs. The notion that lophophorates, as a group, are in some sense “intermediate” between protostomes and deuterostomes must be investigated in greater detail, phylogenetically.

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Sutton, M. D., D. E. G. Briggs, David J. Siveter, and Derek J. Siveter. "A soft-bodied lophophorate from the Silurian of England." Biology Letters 7, no. 1 (August 4, 2010): 146–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2010.0540.

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Soft-bodied taxa comprise an important component of the extant lophophorate fauna, but convincing fossils of soft-bodied lophophorates are extremely rare. A small fossil lophophorate, attached to a brachiopod dorsal valve, is described from the Silurian (Wenlock Series) Herefordshire Lagerstätte of England. This unmineralized organism was bilaterally symmetrical and comprised a subconical body attached basally to the host and partially enclosed by a broad ‘hood’; the body bore a small, coiled lophophore. Where the hood attached laterally, there is a series of transverse ridges and furrows. The affinities of this organism probably lie with Brachiopoda; the hood is interpreted as the homologue of a dorsal valve/mantle lobe, and the attachment as the homologue of the ventral valve and/or pedicle. The ridges are arranged in a manner that suggests constructional serial repetition, indicating that they are unlikely to represent mantle canals. Extant brachiopods are not serially structured, but morphological and molecular evidence suggests that their ancestors were. The new organism may belong to the brachiopod stem group, and might also represent a significant element of the Palaeozoic lophophorate fauna.

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Sandy, Michael R. "Paleobiogeography of Mesozoic articulate brachiopods from the Western Cordillera of North America and their potential for paleogeographic studies." Paleontological Society Special Publications 6 (1992): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200008194.

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Mesozoic brachiopods were, at times, significant elements of marine invertebrate faunas. Current investigations suggest that Mesozoic brachiopods are more common in Mesozoic marine sequences from North America than has generally been assumed. Their neglect is no doubt in part due to the greater utility of other invertebrate and microfossil groups for biostratigraphy. Brachiopods may be preserved in original shell material or silicified. It is therefore necessary to consider which is the most appropriate method of extraction, depending on type of preservation.Lacking planktotrophic larval stages, living articulate brachiopods are limited in their dispersal potential by virtue of their sessile, benthic mode of life. If, in addition, all post-Paleozoic articulate brachiopods possessed a non-planktotrophic larval stage endemism would be likely to develop if gene-flow became severed. This would mean that taxonomic investigation of articulate brachiopods has the potential to provide useful paleobiogeographic and paleogeographic information. Recent investigations have concentrated on making a preliminary survey of some brachiopod occurrences in the Western Cordillera of North America with these goals in mind.The Upper Triassic brachiopod fauna from the Luning Formation of the Pilot and Shoshone Mountains, Nevada, is the most diverse known for the Mesozoic of North America in terms of number of brachiopod species (manuscript submitted with George D. Stanley). This is probably a reflection of how little detailed collecting and systematic study Mesozoic representatives of the phylum have received in North America. The fauna comprises both Tethyan and endemic species. The brachiopods are from the Paradise terrane, probably close to the North American craton in the Late Triassic. One Upper Triassic brachiopod fauna from the Antimonio Formation, Sonora, is by comparison with the Nevada faunas, depauperate, but they do share one common species. Additional time-equivalent brachiopod faunas from outboard terranes of North America and the “classic” European faunas monographed in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries require investigation to determine their paleobiogeography and their contribution to paleogeography.Jurassic brachiopods from North America have not been subjected to any major revision but they are present at certain horizons. Cretaceous faunas from the southern United States and Mexico contain genera known from Tethys in Europe. Mid-Cretaceous faunas from the Queen Charlotte Islands (Wrangellia terrane) and the Canadian Arctic Islands contain forms that are more typical of mid-latitude to Boreal regions, repectively, of Europe. This suggests a broad correspondence between brachiopod distributions and paleolatitude across considerable paleolongitudinal distances, an observation of relevance to interpreting Early Mesozoic paleobiogeographic distributions.The current work is only scratching the surface of the Phylum's distribution in the Western Cordillera of North America. The aim is to provide a better understanding of brachiopod paleobiogeography, paleogeography, and the evolutionary history of the Brachiopoda during the post-Paleozoic, which does not appear to be their swansong.

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Cohen, Bernard L., and Maria Aleksandra Bitner. "Molecular phylogeny of rhynchonellide articulate brachiopods (Brachiopoda, Rhynchonellida)." Journal of Paleontology 87, no. 2 (March 2013): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/12-100r.1.

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We present here the first report based on phylogenetic analyses of small subunit (SSU/18S) and large subunit (LSU/28S) ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences from a wider-than-token sample of rhynchonellide articulate brachiopods, with data from 11 of ∼20 extant genera (12 species) belonging to all four extant superfamilies. Data exploration by network and saturation analyses shows that the molecular sequence data are free from major aberrations and are suitable for phylogenetic reconstruction despite the presence of large deletions in four SSU rDNA sequences. Although molecular sequence analyses cannot directly illuminate the systematics of fossils, the independent, genealogical evidence and phylogenetic inferences about extant forms that they make possible are highly relevant to paleontological systematics because they highlight the limitations of evolutionary inference from morphology. Parsimony, distance, maximum likelihood (no clock) and Bayesian (relaxed-clock) analyses all find a tree topology that disagrees strongly with the existing superfamily classification. All tested phylogenetic reconstructions agree that the taxa analyzed fall into three clades designated A1, A2, and B that reflect two major divergence events. The relaxed-clock analysis indicates that clades A and B diverged in the Paleozoic, while clades A1 and A2 reflect Permo-Triassic (and later) events. Morphological homoplasy and possible gene co-option are suggested as the main sources for the discord between the morpho-classification, the results of cladistic analyses of morphology, and the relationships reconstructed from molecular sequences. The origin, function and evolutionary implications of the deletion-bearing rhynchonellide SSU rDNA sequences are briefly discussed in relation to pseudogenes and concerted evolution in the rDNA genomic region.

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Shu-Zhong, Shen, and G. R. Shi. "Paleobiogeographical extinction patterns of Permian brachiopods in the Asian–western Pacific region." Paleobiology 28, no. 4 (2002): 449–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/0094-8373(2002)028<0449:pepopb>2.0.co;2.

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Spatial and temporal variations in biological diversity are critical in understanding the role of biogeographical regulation (if any) on mass extinctions. An analysis based on a latest database of the stratigraphic ranges of 89 Permian brachiopod families, 422 genera, and 2059 species within the Boreal, Paleoequatorial, and Gondwanan Realms in the Asian–western Pacific region suggests two discrete mass extinctions, each possibly with different causes. Using species/family rarefaction analysis, we constructed diversity curves for late Artinskian–Kungurian, Roadian–Wordian, Capitanian, and Wuchiapingian intervals for filtering out uneven sampling intensities. The end-Changhsingian (latest Permian) extinction eliminated 87–90% of genera and 94–96% of species of Brachiopoda. The timing of the end-Changhsingian extinction of brachiopods in the carbonate settings of South China and southern Tibet indicates that brachiopods suffered a rapid extinction within a short interval just below the Permian/Triassic boundary.In comparison, the end-Guadalupian/late Guadalupian extinction is less profound and varies temporally in different realms. Brachiopods in the western Pacific sector of the Boreal Realm nearly disappeared by the end-Guadalupian but experienced a relatively long-term press extinction spanning the entire Guadalupian in the Gondwanan Realm. The end-Guadalupian brachiopod diversity fall is not well reflected at the timescale used here in the Paleoequatorial Realm because the life-depleted early Wuchiapingian was overlapped by a rapid radiation phase in the late Wuchiapingian. The Guadalupian fall appears to be related to the dramatic reduction of habitat area for the brachiopods, which itself is associated with the withdrawal of seawater from continental Pangea and the closure of the Sino-Mongolian seaway by the end-Guadalupian.

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Freeman, Gary. "The Developmental Biology of Brachiopods." Paleontological Society Papers 7 (November 2001): 69–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1089332600000905.

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The chapter on anatomy in the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology (Part H, Brachiopoda, revised) (Williams et al., 1997) is the most current and comprehensive treatment that we have of reproduction and development in these animals. My contribution to this short course is a commentary on and addendum to this review. The study of the developmental biology of extant brachiopods describes a large part of their life history and defines several of the parameters that have to be taken into account when thinking about how a given set of genes will make it to the next generation (Havenhand, 1995). Some extant brachiopod genera like Discinisca and Crania (Neocrania) belong to families that first appeared in the fossil record during the Lower Ordovician or, as in the case of Glottidia, to a superfamily that first appeared during the Lower Cambrian. Studies on the development of these extant animals provide a picture of what the development of their Lower Paleozoic ancestors might have been like.

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Carter, John L. "New genera of Lower Carboniferous spiriferid brachiopods (Brachiopoda: Spiriferida)." Annals of the Carnegie Museum 61, no. 4 (November 30, 1992): 327–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/p.215179.

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REILY, BRIAN H. "Imbriea nom. nov., a replacement name for Orthopleura Imbrie, 1959 (Brachiopoda)." Zootaxa 4894, no. 1 (December 8, 2020): 143–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4894.1.9.

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The genus Orthopleura Imbrie, 1959 (Brachiopoda: Rhynchonelliformea: Strophomenata: Orthotetida: Orthotetidina: Chilidiopsoidea: Areostrophiidae: Areostrophiinae, following the classification of Kaesler & Selden 1997–2007) was erected to contain three species of extinct brachiopods from Devonian deposits in the United States. Orthopleura rhipis Imbrie, 1959 was assigned as the type species at time of erection. Streptorhynchus flabellum Whitfield, 1882, Schuchertella orthoplicata Stainbrook, 1943, and two undescribed species, “Orthopleura sp. A” and “Orthopleura sp. B”, were treated as congeneric (Imbrie 1959). However, Orthopleura Imbrie, 1959 is a junior homonym of Orthopleura Spinola, 1845 (Insecta: Coleoptera: Cleridae), the latter being the type genus of the subfamily Orthopleurinae Böving & Craighead, 1931: 56 (see also Opitz 2017 on the validity of this name), The aforementioned usage for the brachiopod taxon must be rejected because the name is not available per Article 60 of The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999, and henceforth “the Code”). The rejected junior homonym has no known available and potentially valid synonym and must be replaced by a new substitute name.

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ALVAREZ, FERNANDO, and MIGUEL A. ALONSO-ZARAZAGA. "Paleopetria Özdikmen, 2008 is a junior objective synonym of Petriathyris Lee & Jin, 2006, new name pro Petria Mendes, 1961 (Brachiopoda, Terebratulida) preoccupied by Petria Semenov 1893 (Arthropoda, Coleoptera)." Zootaxa 4429, no. 3 (June 7, 2018): 585. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4429.3.10.

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The terebratulide genus Petria Mendes, 1961 was described for a group of cryptonelloid brachiopods (Brachiopoda, Terebratulida) from the Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) of the Amazonian region, Brazil. To our knowledge only the type species Waldheimia coutinhoana Derby, 1874 was placed in the genus. The genus name Petria Mendes, 1961 is pre-occupied by Petria Semenov, 1893, a genus in the Coleoptera family Tenebrionidae.

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Cusack, Maggie. "Biomineralization in Brachiopod Shells." Paleontological Society Papers 7 (November 2001): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1089332600000929.

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Biominerals are produced in all five kingdoms. Calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate are the most abundant biominerals performing many functions including protection and skeletal support. The phylum Brachiopoda is divided into three subphyla: Linguliformea, Craniiformea, and Rhynchonelliformea (Williams et al., 1996). The Linguliformea possess inarticulated phosphatic valves. Articulation is also lacking in the calcitic valves of the Craniiformea while the calcitic valves of the Rhynchonelliformea are articulated. The paired valves of the brachiopod shell are one of the earliest examples of biomineralization. The existence of different mineral regimes and shell ultrastructures within the phylum makes the brachiopods ideal candidates for the study of biomineralization. The formation of brachiopod valves is an example of organic controlled mineralization, a term introduced by Lowenstam (1981) to describe biomineralization which is under genetic control via specific organic material controlling the precipitation and formation of the biomineral. In organically induced biomineralization (Lowenstam, 1981), organic molecules provide a nucleating surface on which mineral precipitates. Such precipitation continues as long as the solution is saturated with respect to the mineral ions. Stromatolite formation is an example of organically induced biomineralization. In brachiopod shell formation, organic molecules are not solely involved in nucleation. By binding to specific crystal faces, organic molecules inhibit growth along certain crystal axes and enhance growth in other directions, influencing the growth and formation of organically controlled biominerals. Finally, organic molecules inhibit biomineral growth. Thus, a suite of organic molecules is involved in brachiopod shell formation, their spatial and temporal presentation resulting in the formation of species-specific valves.

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Shen, Shuzhong, N. W. Archbold, and G. R. Shi. "A Lopingian (Late Permian) brachiopod fauna from the Qubuerga Formation at Shengmi in the Mount Qomolangma region of southern Xizang (Tibet), China." Journal of Paleontology 75, no. 2 (March 2001): 274–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000018084.

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A small fauna of 11 species belonging to 10 genera of Permian Brachiopoda from the lower part of the Qubuerga Formation outcropping near Shengmi village in the Qomolangma region of southern Xizang (Tibet) is figured and new taxa are described. New taxa are Quinquenella semiglobosa and Costatumulus shengmiensis. The fauna is most likely of Wuchiapingian (Djhulfian) age as indicated by the majority of the brachiopod species.

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Kuzmina, T. V., E. N. Temereva, and V. V. Malakhov. "Larval development of Brachiopod Coptothyris grayi (Davidson, 1852) (Brachiopoda, Rhynchonelliformea)." Doklady Biological Sciences 471, no. 1 (November 2016): 258–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0012496616060016.

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Wettstein, Edina, Alfréd Dulai, Attila Vörös, and József Pálfy. "Sinemuri (alsó-jura) brachiopodák a Nyugati-Gerecséből." Földtani Közlöny 149, no. 2 (July 6, 2019): 105–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.23928/foldt.kozl.2019.149.2.105.

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Az ÉNY-Gerecsében fekvő Nagy-Teke-hegyen, Nyerges-hegyen és Alsó-Látó-hegyen előforduló sinemuri Hierlatzi Mészkőből a Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum és az ELTE TTK nyári térképezési terepgyakorlat gyűjtéseinek köszönhetően gazdag brachiopoda fauna került elő. Az összesen begyűjtött 2470 brachiopoda példány közül 1321 faj szinten is meghatározható volt. A faunában 21 nemzetség 36 azonosítható faja fordul elő, további két taxont nemzetség szinten lehetett meghatározni külső morfológiai alapon. A fajok elkülönítését egyes esetekben belső morfológiai vizsgálat (sorozatcsiszolás), és statisztikai módszer segítette elő. Minden taxonról részletes fényképes dokumentáció készült.A három lelőhelyen a jellemző Mediterrán brachiopoda taxonok többsége megtalálható. A fauna Mediterrán jellege alátámasztja azt az ősföldrajzi elképzelést, hogy a sinemuriban a Mediterrán mikrokontinenst, és benne a Gerecse területét, a brachiopodák elterjedését korlátozó mélytengerek (barrierek) határolták, melyek elválasztották az eurázsiai és afrikai selfektől. A Dunántúli-középhegység ÉK-i részén elhelyezkedő Gerecse-hegység a jura során tagolt morfológiájú terület volt. A Nyugati-Gerecse egy tengeralatti hátsághoz (Gorba-hát) tartozott, míg a Keleti-Gerecse területén medence helyezkedett el. A hátságon és a két rész közötti átmeneti területeken, a lejtőkön, időszakosan Hierlatzi Mészkő rakódott le. A három lelőhely faunájának összetételében jelentkező, kvantitatív paleoökológiai elemzéssel is feltárt különbségeket részben a helyi őskörnyezeti eltérések, részben a tágulásos tektonikai események közötti időbeli eltérések okozhatták.

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Kaulfuss, Anne, Ronald Seidel, and Carsten Lüter. "Linking micromorphism, brooding, and hermaphroditism in brachiopods: Insights from CaribbeanArgyrotheca(Brachiopoda)." Journal of Morphology 274, no. 4 (February 8, 2013): 361–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.20093.

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Kuzmina, Tatyana V., and Vladimir V. Malakhov. "The periesophageal celom of the articulate brachiopod Hemithyris psittacea (Rhynchonelliformea, Brachiopoda)." Journal of Morphology 272, no. 2 (December 1, 2010): 180–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.10904.

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BITNER, MARIA ALEKSANDRA. "Recent Brachiopoda from the Norfolk Ridge, New Caledonia, with description of four new species." Zootaxa 2235, no. 1 (September 18, 2009): 1–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2235.1.1.

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Twenty-two brachiopod species belonging to 19 genera have been recognized in the material collected during two cruises, Norfolk 1 and Norfolk 2, to the Norfolk Ridge south of New Caledonia, at depths of 180 to 1150 m. Thirteen species are reported for the first time from this locality, while four genera, Aulites, Septicollarina, Annuloplatidia and Campages, are noted for the first time from the New Caledonian region. Thecidellina minuta is recorded for the first time from the Pacific. Four new species are described ― Cryptopora norfolkensis sp. nov., Aulites crosnieri sp. nov., Septicollarina zezinae sp. nov. and Annuloplatidia richeri sp. nov. The distribution of the particular species and their abundance vary considerably between the 15 sampled seamounts, with Stenosarina crosnieri and Fallax neocaledonensis being most widely distributed, and the seamount Crypthelia having the highest biodiversity. The seamount brachiopods show considerable affinity to the brachiopods of adjacent regions, and only three species ― C. norfolkensis, A. crosnieri and A. richeri ― can be regarded as potential endemics. The brachiopod fauna is more similar to that in the area around Fiji than to that around Australasia.

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Lüter, Carsten. "Larval brooding and development of the micromorph rhynchonellid Tethyrhynchia mediterranea (Brachiopoda: Recent)." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 81, no. 6 (December 2001): 939–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315401004866.

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Two developmental stages of the micromorph rhynchonellid Tethyrhynchia mediterranea (Brachiopoda: Tethyrhychiidae) are described using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). They were found in niches of the mantle cavity of adult females, as T. mediterranea broods its offspring between the protecting valves of the shell. The developmental stages of T. mediterranea are very small (∼120 μm), but relative to adult body size of up to 1·2 mm in length they are larger than any other lecithotrophic brachiopod larva. Dispersal ability and phylogeography of T. mediterranea in the Mediterranean Sea is discussed.

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Holmer, Lars E., Christian B. Skovsted, Glenn A. Brock, James L. Valentine, and John R. Paterson. "The Early Cambrian tommotiid Micrina , a sessile bivalved stem group brachiopod." Biology Letters 4, no. 6 (June 24, 2008): 724–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2008.0277.

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The tannuolinid Micrina belongs to the tommotiids—a common and widely distributed, but poorly understood, group of Early Cambrian fossil metazoans with multiple external organophosphatic sclerites. Recent findings of sessile articulated tommotiid scleritomes indicate that previous reconstructions of tommotiids as slug-like bilaterians with a dorsal cover of sclerites require detailed re-evaluation. Comparative ultrastructural work has already indicated that the tommotiids might be a sister group to the Brachiopoda, with Micrina representing the most derived and brachiopod-like bimembrate tommotiid. Here we further develop and strengthen this controversial phylogenetic model with a new reconstruction of Micrina , where the two types of sclerites—mitral and sellate—belong to a near bilaterally symmetrical bivalved sessile organism. This new scleritome configuration was tested by recreating an articulated bivalved Micrina from isolated mitral and sellate sclerites; both sclerites have muscles that would have enabled movement of the sclerites. The mitral and sellate sclerites of Micrina are considered to be homologous with the ventral and dorsal valves, respectively, of organophosphatic linguliform brachiopods, indicating that a simple type of filter-feeding within an enclosed bivalved shell had started to evolve in derived tannuolinids. The new reconstruction also indicates that the phylogenetic range of ‘bivalved’, sessile lophophorates is larger than previously suspected.

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Racheboeuf, Patrick R., Paul Copper, and Fernando Alvarez. "Planalvus (Brachiopoda, Athyridida) from the Lower Devonian of the Armorican Massif, northwest France." Journal of Paleontology 68, no. 3 (May 1994): 451–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000025841.

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Cryptonella? cailliaudi Barrois, 1889, from the Lower Devonian of the Armorican Massif, is tentatively assigned to the athyridid brachiopod genus Planalvus Carter, thus far known only from the Lower Carboniferous of eastern North America. In addition, a new species, Planalvus rufus, is described from the Bois-Roux Formation (Pragian) of Brittany, France. These French species are small brachiopods with complex spiralial and jugal structures, which permit assignment to the order Athyridida.

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23

Sandy, Michael R. "Oldest record of peduncular attachment of brachiopods to crinoid stems, Upper Ordovician, Ohio, U.S.A. (Brachiopoda; Atrypida: Echinodermata; Crinoidea)." Journal of Paleontology 70, no. 3 (May 1996): 532–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000038488.

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A hand-specimen, bedding-plane sample of limestone (wackestone) from the Upper Ordovician Waynesville Formation has numerous brachiopod specimens (at least 60) exposed on its surface (Figure 1). The brachiopods have been identified as members of the atrypid species Zygospira modesta (Say in Hall) 1847 (the type species of the genus Zygospira Hall, 1862) and are concentrated in an area measuring approximately 9 cm x 2 cm. A wide range of specimen sizes from juvenile to adult are present and are believed to represent a brachiopod life-assemblage (Figure 2).

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24

Stricker, Stephen A., and Christopher G. Reed. "Development of the pedicle in the articulate brachiopod Terebratalia transversa (Brachiopoda, Terebratulida)." Zoomorphology 105, no. 4 (August 1985): 253–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00311968.

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25

Plandin, F. A., and E. N. Temereva. "Anatomical data on Novocrania anomala (Brachiopoda: Craniiformea) support the “brachiopod fold” hypothesis." Invertebrate Zoology 20, no. 3 (September 2023): 269–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/invertzool.20.3.01.

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26

BERGAMIN, LUISA, EMMA TADDEI RUGGIERO, GIANCARLO PIERFRANCESCHI, BELEN ANDRES, RICARDO CONSTANTINO, CINZIA CROVATO, ANDREA D’AMBROSI, ANDREA MARASSICH, and ELENA ROMANO. "Benthic foraminifera and brachiopods from a marine cave in Spain: environmental significance." Mediterranean Marine Science 21, no. 3 (September 3, 2020): 506. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.23482.

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Sediment samples from a marine cave in the Murcia region (eastern Spain) were analysed for grain size, total benthic foraminiferaand dead brachiopoda to obtain environmental information through physical and ecological data in order to understandthe benthic communities of cave environments and their ecological significance. A total of 100 foraminiferal and 7 brachiopodspecies were classified, highlighting the first occurrence in the western Mediterranean of Gwynia capsula (Jeffreys, 1859). Statistical analysis applied to foraminiferal data allowed the identification of three assemblages characterised by decreasing species diversity along the cave. This corresponded to a similar separation recognisable through changes in brachiopod species abundance and well-correlated with cave morphology. The relative abundance of epifaunal clinging-attached foraminifera as well as the rate of cave and sciaphilic/coralligenous Brachiopoda, thought to be representative of the degree of separation from marine conditions,were found to be highly correlated, increasing towards the inner cave. Our hypothesis was that despite the different lifestyles ofthese two groups, the strict correlation of environmental factors (i.e. light, nutrients, sediment texture, water parameters) changingalong the length of the cave determines a comprehensive environmental gradient, causing an increase in environmental stress that has similar effects on the different taxonomic groups.

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Vörös, Attila. "Monospecific mass occurrence of a new species of the Early Jurassic genus Arzonellina (Brachiopoda) at Fenyveskút (Bakony Mountains, Hungary)." Földtani Közlöny 152, no. 1 (March 24, 2022): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.23928/foldt.kozl.2022.152.1.17.

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A peculiar slab of brachiopod coquina was found at Fenyveskút locality (Lókút, Bakony Mountains, Hungary). The current investigation demonstrated that it was a mass occurrence of monospecific brachiopods which belong to the kingenoid genus Arzonellina Sulser, 2005, recently described from Switzerland. Detailed investigations of the external and internal morphology (the latter by serial sections) of the specimens proved that they represent a new species: Arzonellina bogicae n. sp. This new species is introduced, described and illustrated here in details. The age of the brachiopod coquina and the new species is considered Sinemurian on the basis of circumstantial evidence from the locality Fenyveskút, where the lithologically very similar, Sinemurian Hierlatz Limestone is frequent. The previously documented occurrences of Arzonellina in Switzerland and Montenegro are also Sinemurian in age. For better understanding the sedimentary history of the slab of brachiopod coquina with Arzonellina, the Jurassic megabreccia at the locality Fenyveskút is re-described here. The lithology and fossils of the major components (blocks) and the matrix are documented in detail, and illustrated with thin section photomicrograps. Detailed study of the sediments that accumulated in an internal open space (vug) of the formerly lithified (cemented) brachiopod coquina revealed that the piece of the Arzonellina coquina was incorporated into the megabreccia in the Bajocian. The monospecific mass accumulation of brachiopods gave a hint to an association with hydrocarbon seeps (“cold seeps”). However stable isotopic results from the Fenyveskút locality do not show any signatures that would indicate the influence of that special environment.

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Shi, G. R. "Nahoniella, a new name for Yukonella Shi and Waterhouse, 1996 (Spiriferida, Brachiopoda)." Journal of Paleontology 72, no. 5 (September 1998): 935. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000027268.

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Shi and Waterhouse (1996, p. 127) proposed a new genus, Yukonella, for a distinctive licharewiinid species (Spiriferida, Brachiopoda) based on well-preserved material from the Lower Permian upper Jungle Creek Formation, northern Yukon Territory, Canada. However, the Editor of the Zoological Record, Mrs. M. Joan Thorne (personal commun., 1997), has kindly informed me that the name Yukonella is preoccupied by an Upper Triassic poriferan genus published by Senowbari-Daryan and Reid (1986, p. 900). I therefore rename the brachiopod genus Nahoniella after the Nahoni Range in the northern Ogilvie Mountains of northern Yukon Territory, Canada, where the type species of the genus, Nahoniella plana (Shi and Waterhouse), was collected.

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Carter, John L. "New brachiopods (Brachiopoda: Articulata) from the late Osagean of the upper Mississippi Valley." Annals of the Carnegie Museum 59, no. 3 (September 5, 1990): 219–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/p.240770.

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30

Cohen, Bernard L., Anne Kaulfuss, and Carsten Lüter. "Craniid brachiopods: aspects of clade structure and distribution reflect continental drift (Brachiopoda: Craniiformea)." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 171, no. 1 (February 26, 2014): 133–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12121.

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31

Sandy, Michael R. "Life Beyond the Permian—Mesozoic-Cenozoic Brachiopod Paleobiogeography, Paleoecology, and Evolution." Paleontological Society Papers 7 (November 2001): 223–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s108933260000098x.

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The main focus here is the paleobiogeography and paleoecology of Mesozoic-Cenozoic Brachiopoda, mostly the forms referred to as articulated brachiopods. These are the forms I have worked on primarily for the past two decades. To put these creatures in context some attention should be paid to their evolutionary developments during this time (Fig. 1). The articulated brachiopods that continued into the Mesozoic from the Paleozoic are the rhynchonellides (internally with two processes or prongs, crura, to support the lophophore, Fig. 2.1; examples of external morphology shown in Figs. 3.1–3.5, 4.1); the terebratulides with a brachidium in the form of a loop to support the lophophore (“short-looped” in the Terebratulidina, Figs. 2.2, 2.3, 3.6–3.8, 4.2–4.5; “long-looped” in the Terebratellidina, Figs. 2.4, 2.5, 3.9–3.13); and two forms with a spiral lophophore support, the athyridides and spiriferides (these latter two both become extinct during the Mesozoic; Figs. 2.6, 2.7, 3.14–3.16). The thecideides are micromorphic, cryptic, articulated brachiopods (Fig. 3.17) that have much-debated origins (Baker, 1990; Jaecks, 2000).

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32

Zuykov, Michael A., and Susan H. Butts. "Glyptorthis (Foerste, 1914) and Bassettella new genus (Brachiopoda: Orthida) from the Late Ordovician of the east Baltic." Journal of Paleontology 82, no. 1 (January 2008): 197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/06-068.1.

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The Genus Glyptorthis Foerste, 1914 is a rare component of the Late Ordovician to early Silurian brachiopod faunas of the East Baltic. Hints and Röömusoks (1997) reported on the occurrence of Glyptorthis in seven stratigraphie levels within the Upper Caradoc, Ashgill and Llandovery, in a paper summarizing the stratigraphy of Estonia. To date, however, very few of these brachiopods have been studied in detail. Three species from the Ashgill and Llandovery were established by Rubel (1962) and Röömusoks (1970), whereas some unnamed Caradoc taxa were listed only in the latter paper. Collections made since 1987 by S. S. Terentiev and M. A. Zuykov revealed that rare specimens of Glyptorthis-like brachiopods occur in fossiliferous lower Caradocian (Idavere Regional Stage) strata in the western part of the St. Petersburg region, northwestern Russia. These specimens, assigned herein to a new glyptorthid genus and species Bassettella gracilis, comprise the core of this paper. Moreover, generic affinities of Estonian species from the Ashgill currently assigned to Glyptorthis are discussed. The type specimen of J. Hall (1847) in the American Museum of Natural History (New York) and specimens from the type area in the Sch¨chtert Brachiopod Collection in the Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University (New Haven), have been investigated for comparative purposes.

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Kowalewski, Michał, and Karl W. Flessa. "A predatory drillhole in Glottidia palmeri Dall (Brachiopoda; Lingulidae) from Recent tidal flats of northeastern Baja California, Mexico." Journal of Paleontology 68, no. 6 (November 1994): 1403–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000034375.

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Predatory drillholes (boreholes) are known from fossils as old as the late Precambrian (Bengtson and Zhao, 1992). The presence of predatory drillholes has been documented in a large number of shelly invertebrates including bivalves, gastropods, scaphopods, crabs, ostracodes, brachiopods, and many others (e.g., Sohl, 1969; Bishop, 1975; Bromley, 1981; Vermeij, 1987; Kabat, 1990; and references therein). We document here, for the first time, a drillhole in a lingulid brachiopod.

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34

Ager, D. V. "British Liassic Terebratulida (Brachiopoda)." Monographs of the Palaeontographical Society 143, no. 582 (December 31, 1989): 1–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/25761900.2022.12131766.

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Alvarez, Fernando, and C. Howard C. Brunton. "Athyridida versus Athyrida (Brachiopoda)." Journal of Paleontology 67, no. 2 (March 1993): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000032248.

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During recent years, there has been an increase in the number of papers that include taxonomical descriptions of brachiopods belonging to the order Athyridida. In these papers, the authors do not use the same spelling while referring to suprageneric taxa (e.g., Dagys, 1974; Grunt, 1989; Cooper and Dutro, 1982; Brunton, 1984; Modzalevskaya, 1985; Wang Yu and Rong Jia-yu, 1986; Carter, 1988; Alvarez, 1990) and commonly names or adjectives such as 〈athyroids〉, 〈athyridoids〉, 〈athyridids〉, 〈athyrids〉, 〈athyridaceans〉, 〈athyrididaceans〉 etc. vary considerably.

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36

Carlson, Sandra J. "The Evolution of Brachiopoda." Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 44, no. 1 (June 29, 2016): 409–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-060115-012348.

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37

Sandy, Michael R. "Early Mesozoic (Late Triassic-Early Jurassic) Tethyan brachiopod biofacies: possible evolutionary intra-phylum niche replacement within the Brachiopoda." Paleobiology 21, no. 4 (1995): 479–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s009483730001349x.

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Distributions of brachiopods from low-latitude paleogeographic settings, primarily in the Tethyan Ocean of southern Europe, with additional data from North America allow some observations on the bathymetric distribution of early Mesozoic brachiopod orders. Norian and latest Triassic (Rhaetian) brachiopod biofacies are dominated in shallowest waters by short-looped terebratulids (Terebratulidina) while spire-bearing athyrids (Athyrida) are common components of deeper-water environments in the latest Triassic. In the late Early Jurassic (Pliensbachian), shallow-water brachiopod faunas are dominated by rhynchonellids, short-looped terebratulids are commoner in relatively deeper shelf waters, and spiriferids and long-looped terebratulids (Terebratellidina) are abundant in deeper-water shelf environments.Following the end-Triassic extinction event there appears to be niche-replacement in deep-water shelf environments of Late Triassic athyrids by spiriferids and long-looped terebratulids in the Early Jurassic. Rhynchonellids appear to have diversified into shallowest water environments; specialized short-looped terebratulids may have occupied deeper-water niches that resulted ultimately in the success of the enigmatic Pygopidae later in the Jurassic and Cretaceous.

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Plandin, Feodor A., and Elena N. Temereva. "Anatomy of the coelomic system in Novocrania anomala (Brachiopoda, Craniiformea) and relationships within brachiopods." Zoology 144 (February 2021): 125884. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.zool.2020.125884.

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Hints, Linda, and David A. T. Harper. "Review of the Ordovician rhynchonelliformean Brachiopoda of the East Baltic: their distribution and biofacies." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 50 (April 30, 2003): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.37570/bgsd-2003-50-02.

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Analyses of the distribution, in time and space, of approximately 300 Ordovician rhynchonelliformean brachiopods in the East Baltic allow the development of a faunal template for the Baltic Province (sensu stricto) within the context of the European Realm. Two different brachiopod magnafacies, the upper and lower ramp associations, are monitored through time. Changes in the brachiopod fauna through uppermost Hunneberg to the Porkuni stages are demonstrated from different drill core sections and some bedrock exposures located in facially contrasting areas across the region. The main developmental trends within the brachiopod biofacies of the shallower part of the palaeobasin (North Estonian facies belt) are characterized by relatively continuous changes in taxonomic composition including the evolution of endemics and the establishment of relatively persistent associations, especially during the later Ordovician. In the deeper parts of the palaeobasin (Central Baltoscandian confacies belt including the Livonian Tongue) the several different types, clearly determined by changes in environment, occur: Relatively low diversity associations in the red-coloured sediments, a well-defined assemblage associated with black shales and more diverse associations in the argillaceous carbonate deposits. The appearance and distribution of some shortlived associations including immigrants to the Baltic (Dactylogonia and Rhynchotrema during the Keila-Oandu event, the Holorhynchus association during the mid-Ashgill and the Hirnantia fauna during the late Ashgill) are probably associated with climatic and sea-level changes in the palaeobasin.

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Mergl, Michal, and Lucie Nolčová. "Schizocrania (Brachiopoda, Discinoidea): taxonomy, occurrence, ecology and history of the earliest epizoan lingulate brachiopod." Fossil Imprint 72, no. 3-4 (December 30, 2016): 225–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.14446/fi.2016.225.

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The lingulate brachiopod Schizocrania (Trematidae, Discinoidea) is reviewed. Ptychopeltis is definitively synonymized with Schizocrania, because new data indicate that convexity of the shell, profile of the anterior margin commissure, density of the dorsal valve costellation, ornamentation of the ventral valve and shape of the pedicle notch are worthless for separation of these genera. Four Ordovician species of Schizocrania are reported from the Barrandian area: S. multistriata (Darriwilian), S. hornyi (Sandbian), S. incola (Sandbian) and the new species S. equestra sp. nov. (Katian). Occurrence of Schizocrania striata is confirmed for the first time around the S/D boundary in the Barrandian area. Schizocrania has a wide geographic range with mid-Ordovician to early Devonian occurrences in Laurentia, Avalonia, West Gondwana and the Silurian occurrence in Baltica. Schizocrania was the earliest lingulate brachiopod adhering to floating objects in an open sea (both living cephalopods and their empty drifting shells), but it was highly opportunistic, and used any vacant hard surface on the sea floor (conulariids, strophomenid brachiopods, trilobites) as a suitable substrate for settlement of the larva. Decline of the genus coincided with disappearance of planktic graptolites, and might have been caused by competition of rapidly evolving planktic dacryoconarids, increased predation pressure, and rebuilding of the trophic structure in the early Devonian seas.

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Gaspard, Danièle, and Sylvain Charbonnier. "The debated question of asymmetrical rhynchonellids (Brachiopoda, Rhynchonellida): examples from the Late Cretaceous of Western Europe." BSGF - Earth Sciences Bulletin 191 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bsgf/2019016.

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Many Cretaceous asymmetrical rhynchonellid brachiopods (Brachiopoda, Rhynchonellida) have long been considered as Rhynchonella difformis (Valenciennes in Lamarck, 1819). After a revision, Owen (1962) included the Cenomanian specimens from Europe in Cyclothyris M’Coy, 1844. Later, Manceñido et al. (2002) confirmed this decision and critically mentioned the name of another asymmetrical rhynchonellid genus from Spain, Owenirhynchia Calzada in Calzada and Pocovi, 1980. Specimens with an asymmetrical anterior margin (non particularly ecophenotypical), from the Late Coniacian and the Santonian of Les Corbières (Aude, France) and Basse-Provence (SE France) are here compared to specimens of the original Cenomanian species C. difformis. They are also compared to new material from the Northern Castilian Platform (Coniacian-Santonian, N Spain) and to Rhynchonella globata Arnaud, 1877 (Campanian, Les Charentes, Dordogne, SW France) and Rh. vesicularis Coquand, 1860 (Campanian, Charente, SW France). These observations document the great morphological diversity among all these species and lead us to erect a new species: Cyclothyris grimargina nov. sp. from the type material of Arnaud, and two new genera: Contortithyris nov. gen. including Contortithyris thermae nov. sp., Beaussetithyris nov. gen. including Beaussetithyris asymmetrica nov. sp. All of these brachiopods fundamentally present an asymmetrical state which origin is discussed.

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Ballanti, Loren A., Alexa Tullis, and Peter D. Ward. "Comparison of oxygen consumption byTerebratalia transversa(Brachiopoda) and two species of pteriomorph bivalve molluscs: implications for surviving mass extinctions." Paleobiology 38, no. 4 (2012): 525–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/11020.1.

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The Permian/Triassic mass extinction marks a permanent phylogenetic shift in the composition of the sessile benthos, from one largely dominated by articulate brachiopods to one dominated by mollusks. Widespread evidence of oceanic hypoxia and anoxia at this time provides a possible selective kill mechanism that could help explain the large taxonomic losses in brachiopods compared to the morphologically and ecologically similar bivalve molluscs. Our study compared the oxygen consumption of an articulate brachiopod,Terebratalia transversa, with that of two pteriomorph bivalves,Glycymeris septentrionalisandMytilus trossulus, under normoxia and hypoxia, as well as their tolerance to anoxia, to gain insight into the relative metabolic characteristics of each group. We found no significant difference in the oxygen consumption of the three species when normalized to the same dry-tissue mass. However, when calculated for animals of the same external linear dimensions, bivalve oxygen consumption was two to three times greater than that of brachiopods. Our results also showed no significant decrease in the oxygen consumption of the three species until measured at a partial pressure of oxygen ∼10% of normoxic values. Finally,T. transversaandM. trossulusshowed no significant difference in their tolerance to complete anoxia, but both showed a much lower tolerance than another bivalve,Acila castrensis. Findings from this study suggest that oxygen limitation is unlikely to account for the observed selective extinction of brachiopods during the Permian/Triassic mass extinction. Results may provide valuable information for assessing hypotheses put forth to explain why articulate brachiopods continue to remain a relatively minor group in marine environments.

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SIMON, ERIC, and BERNARD MOTTEQUIN. "Extreme reduction of morphological characters: a type of brachidial development found in several Late Cretaceous and Recent brachiopod species—new relationships between taxa previously listed as incertae sedis." Zootaxa 4444, no. 1 (July 6, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4444.1.1.

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Size reduction and development of a simplified brachidial structure occurred several times during the long evolution of the Phylum Brachiopoda. Even Recent forms may be micromorphic and paedomorphic with reduced brachidia or none at all. A revision of the Maastrichtian (Late Cretaceous) Terebratella (Morrisia?) suessi Bosquet, 1859 has allowed us to erect a new genus, Jagtithyris gen. nov., because its singular brachidium development does not match any platidiid structure. Such a brachidium has also been observed in another European Late Cretaceous brachiopod, which indicates that this type was not a unique morphological curiosity. This species is the micromorphic Campanian-Maastrichtian Leptothyrellopsis polonicus Bitner & Pisera, 1979, which has brachidial structures in common with Jagtithyris suessi comb. nov., although a number of differences have been observed. The genera Leptothyrellopsis and Jagtithyris gen. nov., are included in a new family, Jagtithyrididae fam. nov. During an ongoing revision of extant brachiopod faunas we have been led to recognize a link between this family and representatives of the genus Simplicithyris Zezina, 1976. The taxonomic position of this peculiar group is also discussed.

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44

MOTTEQUIN, Bernard. "An annotated catalogue of types of Silurian–Devonian brachiopod species from southern Belgium and northern France in the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (1870–1945), with notes on those curated in other Belgian and foreign institutions." Geologica Belgica 22, no. 1-2 (2019): 47–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.20341/gb.2019.005.

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The type material of 45 Pridolian–Devonian brachiopod species, described in southern Belgium and northern France (1870–1945) and curated at the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (Brussels), is re-investigated and illustrated in order to facilitate future taxonomic revision; such a catalogue should allow a better assessment of the brachiopod diversity during the considered time span. Furthermore, 28 other Silurian–Devonian species originally described in Belgium (1850–1950), but housed in other Belgian or foreign institutions, are also discussed. For taxonomical purposes, the lectotypes of several species are selected; the latter were described by Asselberghs (Stropheodonta couviniensis, Plethorhyncha percostata var. gdoumontensis, Athyris dorlodoti, Retzia gdoumontensis, Dielasma maillieuxi), Béclard (Orthis dorsoplicata, Orthis musischura, Rhynchonella parvula (non R. parvula Eudes-Deslongchamps)), de Ryckholt (Lingula amayana), Dewalque (Crania corneti), and Maillieux (Discina (Discina) forrierensis, Pholidostrophia extensa, Anoplia theorassensis, Schuchertella durbutensis, Streptorhynchus rahiri, Pentamerus loei). Re-investigation of the ambocoeliid Spirifer pentameroides Stainier highlighted the homonymy between Diazoma Dürkoop, 1970 (Brachiopoda) and Diazoma Lamarck, 1816 (Tunicata); the former genus must be rejected and replaced by a valid synonym, namely Kelusia Mamedov, 1978.

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Ищенко, И. И. "Историческое развитие Cancellothyridoidea (Brachiopoda, Terebratulida)." Геологічний журнал, no. 2 (2004): 60–65.

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46

Boucot, A. J., and Rong Jia-Yu. "Aenigmastrophiidae, new family (Brachiopoda, Silurian)." Journal of Paleontology 68, no. 2 (March 1994): 405–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000022988.

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While preparing materials for the pentameroid portion of the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology revision of the brachiopod volumes, problems were encountered with four enigmatic genera: Rugolepyros Lenz, 1989; Aenigmastrophia Boucot, 1971; Spondylostrophia Kulkov, 1967; and Stricklandistrophia Sapelnikov and Rukavishnikova, 1975.

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Holmer, Lars E. "Phyletic relationships within the Brachiopoda." Geologiska Föreningen i Stockholm Förhandlingar 113, no. 1 (March 15, 1991): 84–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11035899109453832.

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48

Monks, Neale, and Ellis Owen. "Phylogeny ofOrbirhynchiaPettitt, 1954 (Brachiopoda: Rhynchonellida)." Palaeontology 43, no. 5 (November 2000): 871–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-4983.00153.

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Holmer, Lars E. "Phylogeny and Classification: Linguliformea and Craniiformea." Paleontological Society Papers 7 (November 2001): 11–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1089332600000875.

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Abstract:

Brachiopods within the subphyla Linguliformea Williams et al., 1996 and Craniiformea Popov et al., 1993 comprise most, but not all, of the taxa previously grouped together in the Class Inarticulata Huxley, as defined in the first edition of the brachiopod volume of theTreatise on Invertebrate Paleontology(Rowell, 1965). The phylogeny and classification of the inarticulated organophosphatic-shelled linguliforms (typified by the modern lingulides; Fig. 1) and the inarticulated and partly articulated organocarbonate-shelled craniiforms (typified by the modern craniides; Fig. 1) have been debated during the last decade, in connection with attempts to analyze the phylogeny of the entire phylum (for summaries see Holmer et al., 1995; Carlson, 1995; Williams et al., 1996, 2000a). Much of the discussion has been centered around the conflicting results of phylogenetic analyses, either based exclusively on the anatomy and morphology of the Recent taxa (e.g., Popov et al., 1993; Carlson, 1991, 1995), or including also the more numerous, mainly Cambro-Ordovician, fossil taxa (e.g., Carlson, 1991; Holmer et al., 1995; Williams et al., 1996, 2000a). The cladistic analyses have either tended to support the monophyly of the Class Inarticulata (e.g., Carlson, 1991, 1995), or indicated that this group is paraphyletic (e.g., Popov et al., 1993, Holmer et al., 1995; Fig. 1). The resulting cladograms in the comprehensive studies of fossil and modern taxa by Williams et al. (1996, 2000a), which were the basis for the classification adopted in the latest edition of the brachiopod volume of theTreatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, largely support a monophyletic Subphylum Linguliformea; however, the phylogenetic position of the Craniiformea remains uncertain, although it may represent a monophyletic group (Fig. 1). Recent molecular phylogenies have given some support to a monophyletic Linguliformea, but also more surprisingly have indicated that the phoronids might form a clade (formally recognized as the Subphylum Phoroniformea Cohen 2000) within the Brachiopoda, possibly together with the inarticulated modern forms (Cohen and Gawthrop, 1996, 1997; Cohen, 2000).

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Ratnovskaya, A. V., and T. V. Kuzmina. "Organization of the Lophophore Coelomic System in the Brachiopod Coptothyris grayi (Davidson, 1852) (Brachiopoda: Terebratulida)." Russian Journal of Marine Biology 48, no. 4 (August 2022): 266–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063074022040083.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Brachiopoda'

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