Academic literature on the topic 'Brachiopoda'

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Journal articles on the topic "Brachiopoda"

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VINN, OLEV, MARK A. WILSON, MARE ISAKAR, and URSULA TOOM. "NEW BIOCLAUSTRATION OF A SYMBIONT IN THE MANTLE CAVITY OF CLITAMBONITES SCHMIDTI (BRACHIOPODA) FROM THE SANDBIAN (UPPER ORDOVICIAN) OF ESTONIA." PALAIOS 37, no. 9 (September 15, 2022): 520–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/palo.2021.067.

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Abstract A new bioclaustration of a symbiont is here described from the mantle cavity of the strophomenatan brachiopod Clitambonites schmidti. It is the second bioclaustration in brachiopods known from the Kukruse Regional Stage (Sandbian) of Estonia. It shares affinities with the bioclaustrations Burrinjuckia and Haplorygma. The outgrowth in the ventral valve interior was secreted by the brachiopod around a symbiont. Most likely the symbiont was a suspension feeder that collected food particles from the brachiopod's mantle cavity. The symbiont was either a kleptoparasite or fed on the brachiopod's feces (coprophagy). The majority of symbiosis cases in brachiopods in the Ordovician of Baltica involve clitambonitids as the hosts. Thus, clitambonitid brachiopods were more likely hosts for symbiosis than other brachiopods in the Ordovician of Baltica.
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ARAYA, JUAN FRANCISCO, and MARIA ALEKSANDRA BITNER. "Rediscovery of Terebratulina austroamericana Zezina, 1981 (Brachiopoda: Cancellothyrididae) from off northern Chile." Zootaxa 4407, no. 3 (April 11, 2018): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4407.3.11.

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Phylum Brachiopoda, shelled marine invertebrates, is currently represented by about 400 extant species; a tiny fraction of the ca. 30,000 described fossil species (Emig et al. 2013; Bitner 2014; Nauendorf et al. 2014; Logan et al. 2015). Only twenty of these Recent species are known from the Chilean coasts (Lee et al. 2008), most of them from subtidal waters. Of these, only Magellania venosa (Dixon, 1789) (the largest extant brachiopod) and Discinisca lamellosa (Broderip, 1833) are common species found in the southern and central-northern coasts of the country, respectively. As with other marine invertebrates, brachiopods from the region have been reviewed in few studies, apart from some classic nineteenth century works by Sowerby (1822); Broderip (1833); Davidson (1878, 1888); Dall (1895, 1902, 1908), and by Dall and Pilsbry (1891). More recent studies include Cooper (1973, 1982) and Foster (1989) reviewing brachiopods from the Southern Hemisphere and the extreme South Pacific; Zezina (1981, 1989) describing species from the underwater ridges of the Eastern Pacific; Moyano (1995) who revised all the literature dealing with Brachiopoda in Chile; and most recently Baumgarten et al. (2014) who studied the population structure of Magellania venosa in the fjord region of southern Chile.
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Copper, Paul. "Originations and Extinctions in Brachiopods." Paleontological Society Papers 7 (November 2001): 249–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1089332600000991.

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Broad patterns of originations and extinctions of genera, as well as families and higher groups, have always interested those who study the fossil record (e.g., Sepkoski, 1984). They record an important part of the major changeovers, and thus the dynamics, of marine ecosystems over time (Droser et al., 1996; Droser and Sheehan, 1997). This seems especially true for the Paleozoic, when brachiopods were the dominant shelly animals on the seafloor in tropical, temperate, and even cold water settings. Attempts have also been made to determine turnover patterns at the species level (Patzkowsky and Holland, 1997), though this is a much more difficult task, as the validity of species depends a great deal on the skills of the taxonomist. A similar problem is the comparative analysis of diversification data based on a single continent, e.g., North America, as related to others (Miller, 1997a, b); though Laurentia is probably better studied than most areas except western Europe. The exercise of studying broad-scale generic gains and losses for the brachiopods is at the present time preliminary (only three volumes of the revised Treatise are published). The 1965 Treatise contains fewer than 25% of the genera known in detail and described today, with an almost exponential increase in taxonomic description since the 1960s (Williams, 1996). Since then, there have been dramatic revisions and re-interpretations of the evolutionary history of the major brachiopod families, as a new generation of brachiopod workers arrived and matured. We also have a considerably improved knowledge of molecular relationships within the Brachiopoda (Cohen and Gawthrop, 1996). Sound taxonomy is the fundamental basis for sound theoretical discussion of the nature and origins of major changeovers in phyla such as the Brachiopoda. Unfortunately, there are presently relatively few, active brachiopod specialists, as taxonomy has given way to other, more general interests.
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Carlson, Sandra J. "Inarticulata, brachiopoda, Lophophorata: what do they signify?" Paleontological Society Special Publications 6 (1992): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200006110.

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Higher taxonomic ranks typically distinguish morphologically disparate groups whose within-group common ancestry is assumed to be more recent than that between groups. Because in practice this assumption is rarely tested, common wisdom now advocates that the relationship between traditional classifications and phylogenies be made more explicit. Classifications of organisms were established originally to serve a variety of purposes, which may or may not have had an evolutionary rationale. Thus, if named superspecific taxa are to play an interpretable role in macroevolutionary studies, their status as clades should at least be investigated, if not demonstrated unambiguously.The monophyly of the Brachiopoda is supported by a large number of synapomorphies, both morphological and embryological. Within the Brachiopoda, systematists have focused historically on single character (“key innovation”) definitions of higher taxa (e.g., attitude of the pedicle relative to the valves, nature of articulation between the valves, valve mineralogy); this procedure has resulted in intraphylum divisions whose evolutionary significance is uncertain. For example, monophyly of the Inarticulata continues to be debated vigorously; the position of the calcareous inarticulates (craniaceans) is particularly contentious. The traditional classification, based largely on the presence or absence of teeth and sockets, has been challenged recently by the following arguments: lack of articulation is primitive for brachiopods and, as a symplesiomorphy, cannot define a major clade; valve mineralogy is a more reliable indicator of phylogenetic affinity because phosphatic and calcareous-shelled brachiopods both appear very early in the fossil record.To test these arguments in the broader context of metazoan phylogeny, I chose to investigate not only relationships among brachiopod higher taxa, but also of brachiopods to other lophophorates and selected protostome and deuterostome taxa. I analyzed (using PAUP 3.0) the phylogenetic relationships among the seven Recent brachiopod superfamilies (assuming each to be monophyletic), using 119 characters of soft and hard anatomy and embryology. Four outgroup taxa were used: Phoronida, Bryozoa, Sipunculida, Pterobranchia. One most parsimonious cladogram of length 219, C.I. = .722, resulted. In this cladogram, Inarticulata and Articulata are each monophyletic, with 9 and 32 synapomorphies, respectively. Calcareous skeletal mineralogy is clearly primitive for metazoans; there is no justification for claiming it as a synapomorphy of a clade within the Brachiopoda. Outgroup analysis has no power, in this instance, to determine the polarity of articulation, since no outgroups possess two valves (molluscs and other animals have evolved the bivalved condition independently, based on numerous other characters); thus, the lack of valve articulation is not unambiguously primitive, by this polarity criterion.Although many textbooks continue to refer to Lophophorates as a group distinct from other metazoans, presumably by virtue of common ancestry, “lophophorates” do not appear to be monophyletic unless the possession of a lophophore is selectively weighted; among the outgroups in this cladogram, bryozoans cluster with sipunculids, and phoronids with pterobranchs. The notion that lophophorates, as a group, are in some sense “intermediate” between protostomes and deuterostomes must be investigated in greater detail, phylogenetically.
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Sutton, M. D., D. E. G. Briggs, David J. Siveter, and Derek J. Siveter. "A soft-bodied lophophorate from the Silurian of England." Biology Letters 7, no. 1 (August 4, 2010): 146–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2010.0540.

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Soft-bodied taxa comprise an important component of the extant lophophorate fauna, but convincing fossils of soft-bodied lophophorates are extremely rare. A small fossil lophophorate, attached to a brachiopod dorsal valve, is described from the Silurian (Wenlock Series) Herefordshire Lagerstätte of England. This unmineralized organism was bilaterally symmetrical and comprised a subconical body attached basally to the host and partially enclosed by a broad ‘hood’; the body bore a small, coiled lophophore. Where the hood attached laterally, there is a series of transverse ridges and furrows. The affinities of this organism probably lie with Brachiopoda; the hood is interpreted as the homologue of a dorsal valve/mantle lobe, and the attachment as the homologue of the ventral valve and/or pedicle. The ridges are arranged in a manner that suggests constructional serial repetition, indicating that they are unlikely to represent mantle canals. Extant brachiopods are not serially structured, but morphological and molecular evidence suggests that their ancestors were. The new organism may belong to the brachiopod stem group, and might also represent a significant element of the Palaeozoic lophophorate fauna.
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Sandy, Michael R. "Paleobiogeography of Mesozoic articulate brachiopods from the Western Cordillera of North America and their potential for paleogeographic studies." Paleontological Society Special Publications 6 (1992): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200008194.

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Mesozoic brachiopods were, at times, significant elements of marine invertebrate faunas. Current investigations suggest that Mesozoic brachiopods are more common in Mesozoic marine sequences from North America than has generally been assumed. Their neglect is no doubt in part due to the greater utility of other invertebrate and microfossil groups for biostratigraphy. Brachiopods may be preserved in original shell material or silicified. It is therefore necessary to consider which is the most appropriate method of extraction, depending on type of preservation.Lacking planktotrophic larval stages, living articulate brachiopods are limited in their dispersal potential by virtue of their sessile, benthic mode of life. If, in addition, all post-Paleozoic articulate brachiopods possessed a non-planktotrophic larval stage endemism would be likely to develop if gene-flow became severed. This would mean that taxonomic investigation of articulate brachiopods has the potential to provide useful paleobiogeographic and paleogeographic information. Recent investigations have concentrated on making a preliminary survey of some brachiopod occurrences in the Western Cordillera of North America with these goals in mind.The Upper Triassic brachiopod fauna from the Luning Formation of the Pilot and Shoshone Mountains, Nevada, is the most diverse known for the Mesozoic of North America in terms of number of brachiopod species (manuscript submitted with George D. Stanley). This is probably a reflection of how little detailed collecting and systematic study Mesozoic representatives of the phylum have received in North America. The fauna comprises both Tethyan and endemic species. The brachiopods are from the Paradise terrane, probably close to the North American craton in the Late Triassic. One Upper Triassic brachiopod fauna from the Antimonio Formation, Sonora, is by comparison with the Nevada faunas, depauperate, but they do share one common species. Additional time-equivalent brachiopod faunas from outboard terranes of North America and the “classic” European faunas monographed in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries require investigation to determine their paleobiogeography and their contribution to paleogeography.Jurassic brachiopods from North America have not been subjected to any major revision but they are present at certain horizons. Cretaceous faunas from the southern United States and Mexico contain genera known from Tethys in Europe. Mid-Cretaceous faunas from the Queen Charlotte Islands (Wrangellia terrane) and the Canadian Arctic Islands contain forms that are more typical of mid-latitude to Boreal regions, repectively, of Europe. This suggests a broad correspondence between brachiopod distributions and paleolatitude across considerable paleolongitudinal distances, an observation of relevance to interpreting Early Mesozoic paleobiogeographic distributions.The current work is only scratching the surface of the Phylum's distribution in the Western Cordillera of North America. The aim is to provide a better understanding of brachiopod paleobiogeography, paleogeography, and the evolutionary history of the Brachiopoda during the post-Paleozoic, which does not appear to be their swansong.
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Cohen, Bernard L., and Maria Aleksandra Bitner. "Molecular phylogeny of rhynchonellide articulate brachiopods (Brachiopoda, Rhynchonellida)." Journal of Paleontology 87, no. 2 (March 2013): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/12-100r.1.

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We present here the first report based on phylogenetic analyses of small subunit (SSU/18S) and large subunit (LSU/28S) ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences from a wider-than-token sample of rhynchonellide articulate brachiopods, with data from 11 of ∼20 extant genera (12 species) belonging to all four extant superfamilies. Data exploration by network and saturation analyses shows that the molecular sequence data are free from major aberrations and are suitable for phylogenetic reconstruction despite the presence of large deletions in four SSU rDNA sequences. Although molecular sequence analyses cannot directly illuminate the systematics of fossils, the independent, genealogical evidence and phylogenetic inferences about extant forms that they make possible are highly relevant to paleontological systematics because they highlight the limitations of evolutionary inference from morphology. Parsimony, distance, maximum likelihood (no clock) and Bayesian (relaxed-clock) analyses all find a tree topology that disagrees strongly with the existing superfamily classification. All tested phylogenetic reconstructions agree that the taxa analyzed fall into three clades designated A1, A2, and B that reflect two major divergence events. The relaxed-clock analysis indicates that clades A and B diverged in the Paleozoic, while clades A1 and A2 reflect Permo-Triassic (and later) events. Morphological homoplasy and possible gene co-option are suggested as the main sources for the discord between the morpho-classification, the results of cladistic analyses of morphology, and the relationships reconstructed from molecular sequences. The origin, function and evolutionary implications of the deletion-bearing rhynchonellide SSU rDNA sequences are briefly discussed in relation to pseudogenes and concerted evolution in the rDNA genomic region.
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Shu-Zhong, Shen, and G. R. Shi. "Paleobiogeographical extinction patterns of Permian brachiopods in the Asian–western Pacific region." Paleobiology 28, no. 4 (2002): 449–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/0094-8373(2002)028<0449:pepopb>2.0.co;2.

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Spatial and temporal variations in biological diversity are critical in understanding the role of biogeographical regulation (if any) on mass extinctions. An analysis based on a latest database of the stratigraphic ranges of 89 Permian brachiopod families, 422 genera, and 2059 species within the Boreal, Paleoequatorial, and Gondwanan Realms in the Asian–western Pacific region suggests two discrete mass extinctions, each possibly with different causes. Using species/family rarefaction analysis, we constructed diversity curves for late Artinskian–Kungurian, Roadian–Wordian, Capitanian, and Wuchiapingian intervals for filtering out uneven sampling intensities. The end-Changhsingian (latest Permian) extinction eliminated 87–90% of genera and 94–96% of species of Brachiopoda. The timing of the end-Changhsingian extinction of brachiopods in the carbonate settings of South China and southern Tibet indicates that brachiopods suffered a rapid extinction within a short interval just below the Permian/Triassic boundary.In comparison, the end-Guadalupian/late Guadalupian extinction is less profound and varies temporally in different realms. Brachiopods in the western Pacific sector of the Boreal Realm nearly disappeared by the end-Guadalupian but experienced a relatively long-term press extinction spanning the entire Guadalupian in the Gondwanan Realm. The end-Guadalupian brachiopod diversity fall is not well reflected at the timescale used here in the Paleoequatorial Realm because the life-depleted early Wuchiapingian was overlapped by a rapid radiation phase in the late Wuchiapingian. The Guadalupian fall appears to be related to the dramatic reduction of habitat area for the brachiopods, which itself is associated with the withdrawal of seawater from continental Pangea and the closure of the Sino-Mongolian seaway by the end-Guadalupian.
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Freeman, Gary. "The Developmental Biology of Brachiopods." Paleontological Society Papers 7 (November 2001): 69–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1089332600000905.

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The chapter on anatomy in the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology (Part H, Brachiopoda, revised) (Williams et al., 1997) is the most current and comprehensive treatment that we have of reproduction and development in these animals. My contribution to this short course is a commentary on and addendum to this review. The study of the developmental biology of extant brachiopods describes a large part of their life history and defines several of the parameters that have to be taken into account when thinking about how a given set of genes will make it to the next generation (Havenhand, 1995). Some extant brachiopod genera like Discinisca and Crania (Neocrania) belong to families that first appeared in the fossil record during the Lower Ordovician or, as in the case of Glottidia, to a superfamily that first appeared during the Lower Cambrian. Studies on the development of these extant animals provide a picture of what the development of their Lower Paleozoic ancestors might have been like.
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Carter, John L. "New genera of Lower Carboniferous spiriferid brachiopods (Brachiopoda: Spiriferida)." Annals of the Carnegie Museum 61, no. 4 (November 30, 1992): 327–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/p.215179.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Brachiopoda"

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Craig, Robert S. "Western Australian Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic brachiopoda." Thesis, Curtin University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2320.

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The research reported in this thesis focuses on Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic fossil brachiopods of Western Australia. Although the work is primarily taxonomic, it also includes biodiversity, distribution and some aspects of ecology of the brachiopods described.The most recent information on the anatomy, physiology and ecology of brachiopods is summarised at the beginning of the thesis.Identification of brachiopods is determined primarily on internal morphological features as brachiopods tend to be homomorphic, many species looking externally the same. The morphological features used in the identification of the brachiopods described within the thesis are defined.The fossil material studied has come from four sedimentary basins in Western Australia. The Carnarvon Basin contains Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic fossil material. The Perth Basin also has Late Cretaceous and late Cenozoic brachiopods The Bremer and Eucla Basin have Cenozoic deposits. The stratigraphy of the deposits containing the brachiopods is described.Until this study commenced, eight species had been described from Western Australia. This thesis describes fifty eight species including thirty new species, one new family and two new genera.In preparing descriptions of the new species it become evident that many of the species from the Southern Hemisphere were quite different to those found in the Northern Hemisphere. Their closest affiliation was with genera and species described from the Antarctic Peninsula. Four genera and one species from the Late Cretaceous deposits of Western Australia are common to the Late Cretaceous deposits of the Antarctic Peninsula. In the examination of the Tertiary material from the Carnarvon Basin, it also became clear that there was a strong correlation with Tertiary material from the Antarctic Peninsula. At least four genera are common to both deposits. Six brachiopod genera from the Middle Miocene deposits of the South Shetland Islands Antarctica are common to New Zealand. Nine genera, identified from the La Meseta Formation, Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula, are also common to New Zealand. These genera are also found in Australia. This evidence has led to the proposal that in the Late Cretaceous there was a common shelf environment from the Antarctic Peninsula to the north-west coast of Western Australia. In this area, which formed the high latitude southern circum-Indo-Atlantic faunal province, brachiopods evolved different genera and species than those in the northern hemisphere. Many then dispersed into northern areas of the Indian, Atlantic and finally Pacific Oceans.When the material from the Middle to Late Eocene of the Bremer and Eucla Basin was examined, five genera were found to be common to the Early Tertiary of the Carnarvon Basin. When comparing the species from the south-western basins and those from the south- east it was evident that similar species occur in the Middle to Late Eocene of the Bremer, Eucla, St Vincent and Murray Basins. There are some fifteen species in common. Many of these species then occur in the Late Oligocene south-eastern basins near Victoria and Tasmania as the gap between the Australia mainland and Tasmania began to open. One species that occurs in the Late Eocene of Western Australia is also described from the Late Oligocene of New Zealand.In considering the distribution of the Cenozoic brachiopods, genera first appear in the north-west of Western Australia and they then appear in chronological order in the south-western basins and south-eastern basins of South Australia, then the south-eastern basins of Victoria and Tasmania and then New Zealand. By the Late Eocene, there was a shallow marine connection between the Bight and the Tasman Sea. By the Late Oligocene this had widened and Australia was finally totally separated from Antarctica.The Proto-Leeuwin Current was responsible for the distribution of the brachiopods from the north-west of Western Australia to the southern coast. Possible mechanisms for the distribution of genera to New Zealand include rafting and an extended larval stage.It has been suggested that brachiopods in Australia are distributed according to the substrate on which they settle rather than any other factor. Using the information on the distribution of brachiopods in Western Australia throughout the Cenozoic this hypothesis is examined. It is suggested that avoidance of light in the photic zone and food availability with competition with bivalves are more important factors than substrate conditions.
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Craig, Robert S. "Western Australian Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic brachiopoda." Curtin University of Technology, School of Applied Geology, 1999. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=12043.

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The research reported in this thesis focuses on Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic fossil brachiopods of Western Australia. Although the work is primarily taxonomic, it also includes biodiversity, distribution and some aspects of ecology of the brachiopods described.The most recent information on the anatomy, physiology and ecology of brachiopods is summarised at the beginning of the thesis.Identification of brachiopods is determined primarily on internal morphological features as brachiopods tend to be homomorphic, many species looking externally the same. The morphological features used in the identification of the brachiopods described within the thesis are defined.The fossil material studied has come from four sedimentary basins in Western Australia. The Carnarvon Basin contains Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic fossil material. The Perth Basin also has Late Cretaceous and late Cenozoic brachiopods The Bremer and Eucla Basin have Cenozoic deposits. The stratigraphy of the deposits containing the brachiopods is described.Until this study commenced, eight species had been described from Western Australia. This thesis describes fifty eight species including thirty new species, one new family and two new genera.In preparing descriptions of the new species it become evident that many of the species from the Southern Hemisphere were quite different to those found in the Northern Hemisphere. Their closest affiliation was with genera and species described from the Antarctic Peninsula. Four genera and one species from the Late Cretaceous deposits of Western Australia are common to the Late Cretaceous deposits of the Antarctic Peninsula. In the examination of the Tertiary material from the Carnarvon Basin, it also became clear that there was a strong correlation with Tertiary material from the Antarctic Peninsula. At least four genera are common to both deposits. Six brachiopod ++
genera from the Middle Miocene deposits of the South Shetland Islands Antarctica are common to New Zealand. Nine genera, identified from the La Meseta Formation, Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula, are also common to New Zealand. These genera are also found in Australia. This evidence has led to the proposal that in the Late Cretaceous there was a common shelf environment from the Antarctic Peninsula to the north-west coast of Western Australia. In this area, which formed the high latitude southern circum-Indo-Atlantic faunal province, brachiopods evolved different genera and species than those in the northern hemisphere. Many then dispersed into northern areas of the Indian, Atlantic and finally Pacific Oceans.When the material from the Middle to Late Eocene of the Bremer and Eucla Basin was examined, five genera were found to be common to the Early Tertiary of the Carnarvon Basin. When comparing the species from the south-western basins and those from the south- east it was evident that similar species occur in the Middle to Late Eocene of the Bremer, Eucla, St Vincent and Murray Basins. There are some fifteen species in common. Many of these species then occur in the Late Oligocene south-eastern basins near Victoria and Tasmania as the gap between the Australia mainland and Tasmania began to open. One species that occurs in the Late Eocene of Western Australia is also described from the Late Oligocene of New Zealand.In considering the distribution of the Cenozoic brachiopods, genera first appear in the north-west of Western Australia and they then appear in chronological order in the south-western basins and south-eastern basins of South Australia, then the south-eastern basins of Victoria and Tasmania and then New Zealand. By the Late Eocene, there was a shallow marine connection between the Bight and the Tasman Sea. By the Late Oligocene this had widened and ++
Australia was finally totally separated from Antarctica.The Proto-Leeuwin Current was responsible for the distribution of the brachiopods from the north-west of Western Australia to the southern coast. Possible mechanisms for the distribution of genera to New Zealand include rafting and an extended larval stage.It has been suggested that brachiopods in Australia are distributed according to the substrate on which they settle rather than any other factor. Using the information on the distribution of brachiopods in Western Australia throughout the Cenozoic this hypothesis is examined. It is suggested that avoidance of light in the photic zone and food availability with competition with bivalves are more important factors than substrate conditions.
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Swisher, Robert E. "Paleobiogeographical and evolutionary analysis of Late Ordovician, C₅ sequence brachiopod species, with special reference to Rhynchonellid taxa." Ohio : Ohio University, 2009. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1245445583.

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Long, Sarah Louise. "Aspects of cementation in recent and fossil Brachiopoda." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246325.

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Welch, Delpfine Ellen. "Geographical variation and evolution in the Middle Devonian brachiopod, Mucrospirifer." Diss., This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07282008-134118/.

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Pérez-Huerta, Alberto. "Brachiopods and paleoecological studies in the Pennsylvanian of the Great Basin (U.S.A.) /." view abstract or download file of text, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3136420.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2004.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 394-419). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Walls, Bradley J. "Quantitative Paleobiogeography of Maysvillian (Late Ordovician) Brachiopod Species of the Cincinnati Arch: a Test of Niche Modeling Methods for Paleobiogeographic Reconstruction." Ohio : Ohio University, 2009. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1243010764.

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Mello, Luiz Henrique Cruz de. "Análise cladística dos Bouchardiinae Allan, 1940 (Brachiopoda, Terebratellidae): implicações sistemáticas e paleozoogeográficas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/44/44136/tde-13112015-164901/.

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Foi realizada a investigação cladística dos Bouchardiinae (Brachiopoda, Terebratellidae), braquiópodes comuns no registro fóssil cenozóico da Argentina, Uruguai, Antártica, Nova Zelândia e Austrália, bem como, atualmente, na plataforma brasileira. A história geológica do grupo remete ao limite Cretáceo/Terciário. O estudo teve como objetivo central demonstrar que a análise das feições morfológicas internas e externas de conchas fósseis e atuais de braquiópodes possibilita a realização de estudos cladísticos. Para atingir esse objetivo foram avaliadas as relações de parentesco e a sistemática dos Bouchardiinae (Família Terebratellidae), bem como o escopo de seus gêneros. A análise envolveu os gêneros Bouchardia, Bouchardiella, Neobouchardia e Malleia, tendo como grupo externo Adnatida, Aliquantula, Anakinetica, Australiarcula, Elderra, Magadina, Magadinella, Parakinetica, Pilkena, Pirothyris e Rhizothyris. A análise contou com 22 táxons (grupo interno e externo) e 43 caracteres. O cladograma (CI= 0,714; RI= 0889; RC= 0,635) escolhido como proposta de trabalho apresentou topologia bem resolvida, com dois clados bem distintos. Um deles, reúne todos os Bouchardiinae, tendo Malleia portlandica como táxon basal, o outro agrupa os Anakineticinae, incluindo Australiarcula artesiana. Entre os Bouchardiinae, a única indefinição ficou por conta das espécies Bouchardia rosea e Bouchardia transplatina, o que reforça a suspeita de serem sinônimos. Entre os táxons do grupo externo destaca-se a posição basal de Australiarcula artesiana. Os resultados obtidos permitiram considerar que: a) a análise morfológica interna e externa de conchas de braquiópodes fósseis e viventes fornece dados morfológicos adequados à análise cladística; b) existem 2 clados distintos no cladograma escolhido como hipótese de trabalho, um representativo dos Bouchardiinae e outro dos Anakineticinae, incluindo Australiarcula artesiana, o que esclarece, de momento, a dúvida quanto a posição desse gênero; c) a condição dos táxons enquanto gêneros válidos e distintos foi reavaliada e foi proposta a sinonímia entre Bouchardiella e Neobouchardia, em favor da primeira; d) Bouchardia rosea e Bouchardia transplatina não apresentaram diferenças morfológicas significativas e, somando-se a isso, sua posição na topologia obtida sugere sinonímia entre os táxons, em favor de Bouchardia rósea (Mawe), 1823; e) o monofiletismo dos Bouchardiinae foi corroborado; f) foram confirmadas as 3 sinapomorfias já sugeridas pela literatura, isto é, espessamento posterior, processo cardinal em forma de \'V\' e braquídio incompleto; g) a topologia obtida suporta a sugestão de que Bouchardia rosea e Anakinetica cumingi apresentam morfologia semelhante por compartilharem modos de vida similares e não por parentesco próximo; h) a proposta de classificação mais adequada para os Bouchardiinae parece combinar opiniões de RICHARDSON (1994) e BRUNTON(1996), tornando válida a Subfamília Bouchardiinae, composta por Bouchardia, Bouchardiella e Malleia; i) a despeito da falta do registro estratigráfico de parte da história evolutiva dos Bouchardiinae, foi identificada a evolução em paralelo de dois grupos, um deles, de duração mais curta e restrito à Austrália e Nova Zelândia, formado por Bouchardiella cretacea, Bouchardiella (Neobouchardia) minima e Malleia portlandica, e outro, formado por Bouchardiella patagonica, Bouchardiella jorgensis e as espécies de Bouchardia, persistindo até o Recente, tendo se desenvolvido entre a Península Antártica e a costa leste da América do Sul; j) além do padrão geral de migração das espécies de Bouchardia para o norte, foram identificados alguns passos intermediários nesse modelo, principalmente quanto à migração de Bouchardia da Terra do Fogo (Argentina) para a Península Antártica; assim, o modelo de \"contínua migração das espécies para o norte, sem retenção de suas localidades prévias\" estaria parcialmente descartado, não invalidando, contudo, o padrão geral de migração para o norte.
A cladistic investigation of Bouchardiinae (Brachiopoda, Terebratellidae) was carried out. These brachiopods are common in the Cenozoic fossil record of Argentina, Uruguay, Antarctica, New Zealand, Australia, as well as in the Brazilian shelf. The geological history of the group can be tracked back until de Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary. The main goal of present study was to verify the hypothesis that morphological analysis on internal/external features of extinct/extant brachiopod shells allow us to proceed a cladistics analysis for the group. In order to achieve this goal, the relationships and systematic of the Bouchardiinae (Family Terebratellidae) were evaluated, as well as the scope of their genera. The cladistics analysis involved the in-group taxa Bouchardia, Bouchardiella, Beobouchardia, Malleia, having Adnatida, Aliquantula, Anakinetica, Australiarcula, elderra, Magadina, Magadinella, Parakinetica, Pilkena, Pirothyris, Rhizothyris, as the out-group. A total of 22 taxa and 43 characters were evaluated. The cladogram used as work hypothesis (CI= 0,714; RI= 0,889; RC= 0,635) presented a well resolved topology with 2 distinct clades; one with all Bouchardiinae, being Malleia portlandica the basal taxon; the other presented all Anakineticinae, including Australiarcula artesiana. The only unresolved relationship was between Bouchardia rosea and Bouchardia transplatina, suggesting that both taxa are synonymous. Among the out-group taxa the basal position of Australiarcula artesiana is worthy to mention. The results allow us to consider that: a) the morphological analysis of internal/external features of extinct/extant brachiopod shells supply important morphological data for cladistics analysis; b) there are 2 distinct clades that are representative of the Bouchardiinae and Anakineticinae, the later including Australiarcula artersiana, bringing some new evidences on their systematic position; c) the status of the genera, while valid and distinct taxa was re-evaluated, and resulted on the proposition of the synonymy between Bouchardiella and Neobouchardia, favoring the former; d) Bouchardia rosea and Bouchardia transplatina did not share significant morphological differences to keep them as distinct taxa. Thus the synonymy in favor of Bouchardia rosea (Mawe), 1823 is proposed; e) the monophyletic status of Bouchardiinae was corroborated; f) 3 synapomorphies ever suggested by the literature were confirmed, as follow: posterior thickening of the shell, \"V\" shapped cardinal process, and incomplete brachidia; g) based on the topology the condition of Bouchardia rosea and Anakinetica cumingi as distinct taxa is reinforced. Thus, their morphological similarities are much more due to similar ecological pressures (or mode of life) than to their close relationships; h) the classification of bouchardiid brachiopods seems to combine the suggestions of RICHARDSON (1994) and BRUNTON (1996), validating the Subfamily Bouchardiinae, with Bouchardia, Bouchardiella, and Malleia; i) despite of the lack of stratigraphic record of part of bouchardiid history, the parallel evolution of 2 groups was identified; one presenting a short interval, restricted to Australia e New Zealand, and corresponding to Bouchardiella cretacea, Bouchardiella (Neobouchardia) minima e Malleia portlandica, and the other group corresponding to Bouchardiella patagonica, Bouchardiella jorgensis, and species of Bouchardia, with an almost continuous record since the Cretaceous. This group evolved around the Antarctic Peninsula and east coast of southern South America; j) in spite the general north migration pattern presented by species of Bouchardia, some intermediate steps could be recognized, specially the migration of Bouchardia towards the Tierra del Fuego coast (Argentina) and Antarctic Peninsula. Consequently, the previous pattern of continuous northward migration of bouchardiid species without the retention of previous locations is only partially supported by the current data.
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Saxén, Sara. "Linguliform Brachiopods from the Middle Cambrian ‘Thick’ Stephen Formation at Odaray Mountain, Canadian Rocky Mountains." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-256188.

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The linguliform brachiopod fauna from the Stephen Formation have long been thought to be very species poor and only consist of a few genera, but new discoveries from lime-stone beds in the “thick” Stephen Formation shows that this is not the case. The species described herein, Kyrshabaktella cf. tatjanae and Ceratreta hansi sp. nov., are two new additions to described species and genera of the area.The specimens come from a 0.6 meters thick limestone bed, approximately 17 meter above the base of the formation in the Canadian Rocky Mountains, British Columbia, Yoho National Park a few kilometers SSE from Odaray Mountain. The specimens where retained from the rock by dissolution in diluted formic acid for a few days and later coated with a palladium-gold alloy and photographed under a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).In addition to the widen knowledge that these specimens of K. cf. tatjanae and C. hansi brings to the paleoecology of the area the two species also expands the knowledge of their families and genera. The coarse filae ornamentation on the exterior shell of K. cf. tatjanae requires the revision of the diagnosis of the family Kyrshabaktellidae and the discovery of the new species C. hansi expands the stratigraphic range of the genus Ceratreta to the middle Cambrian.
Detta arbete behandlar arterna Kyrshabaktella cf. tatjanae och Ceratreta hansi sp. nov. från den ’tjocka’ Stephenformationen. Tidigare har området ansetts vara väldigt art- och släktfattigt på linguliforma brachiopoder. Nya fynd av Caron m.fl. (2010, 2014) visar på att så inte är fallet, och de fynd som behandlas här styrker den bilden. Fynden kommer från ett kalkstenslager beläget ca 17 meter upp i sekvensen på den ’tjocka’ Stephenformationen. Lagret har visat sig vara väldigt rikt på fossil. Med hjälp av dessa exemplar av K. cf. tatjanae har diagnosen av familjen Kyrshabaktellidae kunnat ändras, från att inte ha haft några utsmyckningar alls på de vuxna skalen till att kunna ha bland annat grovt koncentriska ornament (s.k. filae). Detta arbete och dessa nya fynd ska sprida ytterligare ljus över området. Förhoppningen är att denna ska hjälpa till att ge ny kunskap om områdets paleoekologi samt arterna och släktenas geografiska utbredning.Fossilen har separerats från kalkstenen genom att låta stufferna dra i utspädd myrsyra några dagar, tills kalken är upplöst. Fossilen har belagts med en palladium-guld legering och fotograferats med hjälp av ett svepelektronmikroskop (SEM).Syftet med arbetet är att göra en taxonomisk beskrivning av nya exemplar av brachiopodfossil från Stephenformationen.
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Alexander, Mannelqvist. "Paleontology and Sedimentology of the Alum Shale Formation at Björnberget, Västerbotten County, Sweden." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-296696.

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A new locality of the Alum Shale Formation at Björnberget, Västerbotten County, of the lower allochthon of the Caledonian front is described herein. Two new species of acrotretid brachiopods were found. Tingitanella vilhelminia n. sp. adds another species to the monospecific genus. T. vilhelminia also extend the genus distribution to Sweden. Anabolotreta furcatus n. sp. is the first member of the genus found in Sweden and extend the stratigraphic range to Stage 5 of Cambrian Series 3. It also exhibits an unusual bifurcating shell structure described for the first time herein. One trilobite was found at the locality, Acadoparadoxides torelli, indicating that the exposures at Björnberget belong to the upper Acadoparadoxides (Baltoparadoxides) oelandicus superzone. The fauna found is impoverished in comparison to the fauna that has been described from Jämtland and reflects the depositional environment on the deep outer shelf with low sediment input. The known exposure at Granberget, close to Björnberget, is described with respect to the paleontology and sedimentology of the section. The fauna at Granberget could be extended with two new species of agnostids, Hypagnostus lingula and Hypagnostus mammillatus, to a total of six taxa of trilobites. The depositional environment was periodically affected by storms, depositing limestone layers composed of skeletal material. The Alum shale does not exhibit these sedimentary structures and have probably lost the majority of the them during diagenesis.
En hitintills obeskriven lokal av Alunskifferformationen vid Björnberget, Västerbottens län, beskrivs här med fokus på paleontologi och sedimentologi. Två nya arter av brachiopoder (Acrotretida) upptäcktes. Tingitanella vilhelminia n. sp. utökar släktet med ytterligare en art och utökar även den geografiska distributionen av släktet till Sverige. Anabolotreta furcatus n. sp. är den första medlemmen av släktet som beskrivits från Sverige och utökar den stratigrafiska spännvidden till lägre mellersta Kambrium. A. furcatus har även en skalstruktur med förgrenande pelare som beskrivs för första gången. En trilobit upptäcktes vid lokalen, Acadoparadoxides torelli, vilket tyder på att exponeringarna vid Björnberget tillhör övre delen av superzonen Acadoparadoxides (Baltoparadoxides) oelandicus. Faunan är artfattig i jämförelse med vad som tidigare har beskrivits från Jämtland och reflekterar en depositionsmiljö på den yttre kontinentalsockeln med ett lågt inflöde av klastiska sediment. Den sedan tidigare kända lokalen vid Granberget, nära lokalen vid Björnberget, beskrivs häri med avseende på paleontologi och sedimentologi. Faunan vid Granberget kan utökas med två nya arter av agnostider, Hypagnostus lingula och Hypagnostus mammillatus, till att totalt innehålla sex arter av trilobiter. Depositionsmiljön påverkades periodvis av stormar som avsatte kalkstenslager bestående av skelettdelar. Alunskiffern har förlorat majoriteten av dessa strukturer under diagenes som annars återfinns i kalkstenskonkretionerna.
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Books on the topic "Brachiopoda"

1

Alwyn, Williams, Brunton C. Howard C, Carlson S. J, and Geological Society of America, eds. Brachiopoda. Boulder, Colo: Geological Society of America, 1997.

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Association, Palaeontological, ed. Evolution and development of the brachiopod shell. London: Palaeontological Association, 2010.

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Ager, Derek V. British Liassic Terebratulida (Brachiopoda). London: Palaeontographical Society, 1990.

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Ager, D. V. British Liassic Terebratulida (Brachiopoda). London: Palaeontographical Society, 1990.

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C, Brunton C. Howard, Cocks, L. Robin M., 1938-, Long Sarah M. 1970-, and Congrès international sur les brachiopodes (4th : 2000 : London, England), eds. Brachiopods past and present. London: Taylor & Francis, 2001.

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Legrand-Blain, Marie. Spiriferacea (Brachiopoda) viséens et serpukhoviens du Sahara algérien. Brest: Université de Bretagne occidentale, 1986.

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Patrick, Rachebœuf, and Emig Christian, eds. Les brachiopodes fossiles et actuels: Actes du 1er Congrès international sur les brachiopodes, Brest 1985. Brest: Université de Bretagne occidentale, 1986.

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Otago), International Brachiopod Congress (2nd 1990 University of. Brachiopods through time: Proceedings of the 2nd International Brachiopod Congress, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand, 5-9 February 1990. Rotterdam: Balkema, 1991.

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E, Holmer Lars, ed. Cambrian - early Ordovician brachiopods from Malyi Karatau, the western Balkhash region, and Tien Shan, Central Asia. London: Palaeontological Association, 2001.

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Otago), International Brachiopod Congress (2nd 1990 University of. Brachiopods through time: Proceedings of the 2nd International Brachipod Congress, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand, 5-9 February 1990. Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Brachiopoda"

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Santagata, Scott. "Brachiopoda." In Evolutionary Developmental Biology of Invertebrates 2, 263–77. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1871-9_12.

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Pandian, T. J. "Brachiopoda." In Reproduction and Development in Minor Phyla, 217–24. First edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2021. | Series:: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003057512-29.

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Clauss, Wolfgang, and Cornelia Clauss. "Brachiopoda, Phoronida." In Taschenatlas Zoologie, 230–31. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-61593-5_29.

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Williams, Alwyn. "Brachiopoda and Bryozoa Plates 141–156." In Skeletal Biomineralization: Patterns, Processes and Evolutionary Trends, 57–61. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-5391-9_5.

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"Brachiopoda." In The Cambrian Fossils of Chengjiang, China, 86–97. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118896372.ch14.

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"Brachiopoda." In The Light and Smith Manual, 864–65. University of California Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/9780520930438-034.

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Harper, David A. T. "Brachiopoda." In Encyclopedia of Geology, 273–83. Elsevier, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-102908-4.00108-9.

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"BRACHIOPODA." In The Invertebrate Tree of Life, 455–66. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvscxrhm.58.

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Lüter, Carsten. "Brachiopoda." In Structure and Evolution of Invertebrate Nervous Systems, 341–50. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199682201.003.0027.

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HOCHBERG, F. G. "Brachiopoda." In The Light and Smith Manual, 864–65. 4th ed. University of California Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/jj.5973107.36.

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Conference papers on the topic "Brachiopoda"

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Sclafani, Judith, Curtis R. Congreve, and Mark Patzkowsky. "BIOGEOGRAPHIC VARIATION IN MORPHOLOGICAL DISPARITY OF STROPHOMENIDA (BRACHIOPODA)." In GSA 2020 Connects Online. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020am-359306.

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Gazze, Caroline, Audrey Bourne, Brooke Roselle, Max Christie, Judith A. Sclafani, and Mark E. Patzkowsky. "LEPTAENA (BRACHIOPODA) MORPHOLOGY ACROSS THE LATE ORDOVICIAN MASS EXTINCTION." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-318637.

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Roselle, Brooke, Caroline Gazze, Audrey Bourne, Max Christie, Judith A. Sclafani, and Mark E. Patzkowsky. "QUANTIFYING MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES AMONG RAFINESQUINA (BRACHIOPODA) WITH 3D PHOTOGRAMMETRY." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-319428.

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Carlson, Sandra J., Rylan K. Dievert, Steven E. Mendonca, and Judith Sclafani. "THE ORIGIN OF TEREBRATULIDA (BRACHIOPODA): ARE THEY NEOTENIC SPIRE-BEARERS?" In GSA Connects 2023 Meeting in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Geological Society of America, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2023am-392722.

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Pruden, Matthew J., Elvira A. Garcia, Darrin J. Molinaro, and Lindsey R. Leighton. "SHAPE ANALYSIS OF THE ORDER ORTHIDA (PHYLUM BRACHIOPODA) DURING THE ORDOVICIAN RADIATION." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-298611.

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Schreiber, Holly A., Natalia Lopez-Carranza, and Sandra J. Carlson. "THREE-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRIC MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSES OF THE RECENT TEREBRATULIDINA (BRACHIOPODA, TEREBRATULIDA) LOOP." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-283151.

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Cone, Marjean, Monika O'Brien, Max Christie, and Judith A. Sclafani. "GEOMETRIC MORPHOMETRICS OF CINCINNETINA (BRACHIOPODA) ACROSS THE RICHMONDIAN INVASION EVENT IN THE LATE ORDOVICIAN." In GSA Connects 2021 in Portland, Oregon. Geological Society of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2021am-371391.

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Chrpa, Michelle E. "ENTERING ANOTHER DIMENSION: 2D AND 3D SHAPE ANALYSIS OF CLASSES RHYNCHONELLATA AND STROPHOMENATA (PHYLUM BRACHIOPODA)." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-324511.

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Butler, Aodhán Dermot, Michael Eitel, Gert Wörheide, Sandra J. Carlson, and Erik A. Sperling. "PHYLOGENOMIC ANALYSIS OF BRACHIOPODA AND PHORONIDA: IMPLICATIONS FOR MORPHOLOGICAL EVOLUTION, BIOMINERALIZATION, AND THE CAMBRIAN RADIATION." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-306408.

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Tsinkoburova, Maria. "NOTES ABOUT EAST OF BALTOSCANDIA AS A POSSIBLE CENTER OF BIODIVERSITY BY MIDDLE ORDOVICIAN ORTHIDAE (BRACHIOPODA)." In 17th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2017. Stef92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2017/11/s01.049.

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Reports on the topic "Brachiopoda"

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Norris, A. W. Part I: Stratigraphy and brachiopod faunas. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/209762.

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Owen, A. W., D. A. T. Harper, and R. Jia-yu. Hirnantian Trilobites and Brachiopods in Space and Time. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/132187.

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Carter, J. L. Lower carboniferous brachiopods from the Banff formation of western Alberta. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/122462.

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Gaspard, Danièle, Benita Putlitz, and Lukas Baumgartner. X-ray Computed Tomography – A Promising Tool For Brachiopod Shell Investigations. Cogeo@oeaw-giscience, September 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5242/iamg.2011.0292.

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Jin, J., W. G. E. Caldwell, and B. S. Norford. Early silurian brachiopods and biostratigraphy of the Hudson Bay lowlands, Manitoba, Ontario, and Quebec. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/193322.

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Jin, J., and B. S. Norford. Upper Middle Ordovician (Caradoc) brachiopods from the Advance Formation, northern Rocky Mountains, British Columbia. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/208168.

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Jin, J., W. G. E. Caldwell, and B. S. Norford. Late Ordovician brachiopods and biostratigraphy of the Hudson Bay Lowlands, northern Manitoba and Ontario. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/208903.

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Shi, G. R., and J. B. Waterhouse. Lower Permian brachiopods and molluscs from the upper Jungle Creek Formation, northern Yukon Territory, Canada. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/208234.

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Racheboeuf, P. R. Upper lower and lower middle Devonian Chonetacean brachiopods from Bathurst, Devon and Ellesmere islands, Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/122459.

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Middleton, P. D., J. D. Marshall, and P. J. Brenchley. Evidence For Isotopic Change Associated With Late Ordovician Glaciation, From Brachiopods and Marine Cements of Central Sweden. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/132198.

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