Journal articles on the topic 'Boys in the Island'
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SHAPIRO, HANNAH G., M. NILS PETERSON, KATHRYN T. STEVENSON, KRISTIN N. FREW, and R. BRIAN LANGERHANS. "Wildlife species preferences differ among children in continental and island locations." Environmental Conservation 44, no. 4 (March 29, 2017): 389–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892917000133.
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SUMMARYEfforts to prioritize wildlife for conservation benefit from an understanding of public preferences for particular species, yet no studies have integrated species preferences with key attributes of the conservation landscape such as whether species occur on islands (where invasive exotics are the primary extinction threat) or continents (where land use change is the primary extinction threat). In this paper, we compare wildlife species preferences among children from a continental location (North Carolina, USA, n = 433) and an island location (Andros Island, The Bahamas, n = 197). Children on the island preferred feral domesticated species and different types of taxa than mainland children, perhaps due to the strongly divergent species richness between the regions (e.g. island children showed greater preferences for invertebrates, lizards and aquatic species). Boys preferred fish, birds and lizards more than girls, whereas girls preferred mammals. The fact that island children showed strong preferences for invasive species suggests challenges for conservation efforts on islands, where controlling invasive exotic species is often of paramount importance, but can conflict with cultural preferences for these same species.
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Elleray, Michelle. "LITTLE BUILDERS: CORAL INSECTS, MISSIONARY CULTURE, AND THE VICTORIAN CHILD." Victorian Literature and Culture 39, no. 1 (December 6, 2010): 223–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150310000367.
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In his Preface to R. M. Ballantyne's most famous novel, J. M. Barrie writes that “[t]o be born is to be wrecked on an island,” and so the British boy “wonder[s] how other flotsam and jetsam have made the best of it in the same circumstances. He wants a guide: in short, The Coral Island” (v). While for Barrie the island is a convenient shorthand for masculine self-actualization, the question pursued here is the relevance of a coral island, or more specifically the coral that forms the island, to the child reader. Published in 1857 and widely recommended for boys in the latter half of the nineteenth century, The Coral Island presents three boys, shipwrecked in the South Pacific, who in the first half of the novel demonstrate their resourcefulness in forming an idyllic community. Their pre-lapsarian paradise is then disrupted, first by Pacific Island cannibals and then by European pirates, the juxtaposition implicitly presenting civility as a quality that must be actively maintained by the European reader, rather than assumed as inherent in ethnicity. The second half of the novel sees the boy narrator, and eventually all the boys, implicated in key Western activities in the South Pacific: piracy, trade, and missionary activity. The latter is important to Ballantyne, a staunch Christian himself, and is focused through the historical phenomenon of Pacific Island “teachers,” that is, converted Pacific Islanders who preceded or accompanied European missionaries in the effort to spread Christianity across the South Pacific. The missionary work highlighted in the novel, as this essay will show, is also integrally connected to the coral featured prominently in its title.
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Li, Mu, Natalie McKelleher, Theto Moses, John Mark, Karen Byth, Gary Ma, and Creswell J. Eastman. "Iodine nutritional status of children on the island of Tanna, Republic of Vanuatu." Public Health Nutrition 12, no. 9 (September 2009): 1512–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980008004497.
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AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the iodine nutritional status of children living on the island of Tanna, Republic of Vanuatu.DesignCross-sectional study. Urine and household salt samples were collected for iodine measurement. Thyroid volumes were measured by ultrasound. A food consumption frequency survey was carried out, particularly in relation to salt, iodine-rich foods and foods that containing thiocyanate, a potentially goitrogenic substance. Urinary thiocyanate levels were also measured.SettingIsland rural communities in Tanna, Vanuatu.SubjectsOne hundred and fifty-three schoolchildren between 8 and 10 years of age from four locations on the island participated.ResultsThe median urinary iodine excretion (UIE) among the children was 49mg/l, indicating moderate iodine deficiency. This was corroborated by 27% of boys and 33% of girls having thyroid glands greater than the international standard for their age, and 36% of boys and 45% of girls having thyroid glands greater than the international standard for their body surface area based on ultrasonography. There was a highly statistically significant inverse correlation between thyroid volume and UIE for boys and girls (r= −0·444,P= 0·001 andr= −0·319,P= 0·005, respectively). There was no correlation between thiocyanate and UIE or thyroid volume. Only 34% of children reported to consume fish (tinned or fresh) on a weekly basis.ConclusionsAgainst the common perception, the study has demonstrated that the children on the island of Tanna were in a state of moderate iodine deficiency. More data need to be collected from other Pacific Island countries in order to provide evidence for formulating public policy in prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders in these nations.
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Goyette, Alexandra, Glorian P. Yen, Voica Racovitan, Parambir Bhangu, Smita Kothari, and Eduardo L. Franco. "Evolution of Public Health Human Papillomavirus Immunization Programs in Canada." Current Oncology 28, no. 1 (February 22, 2021): 991–1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/curroncol28010097.
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Background: Since 2007, all Canadian provinces and territories have had a publicly funded program for vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The objective of this study was to describe the evolution of these vaccination programs. Methods: This was a targeted literature review of public HPV vaccination programs and vaccination coverage rates, based on information provided by jurisdictional public health authorities. Results: HPV vaccination of schoolgirls began in school years 2007/08 to 2010/11 with three doses of the quadrivalent HPV vaccine in all provinces except Quebec, which started with two doses. By 2018/19, all jurisdictions were vaccinating with two doses of the nonavalent vaccine in both girls and boys, except Quebec, which used a mixed vaccination schedule with one dose of the nonavalent and one dose of the bivalent vaccines. Public HPV vaccination programs in most provinces include after-school catch-up vaccination. Immunocompromised or other high-risk individuals are eligible for the HPV public vaccination program in most provinces, but policies vary by jurisdiction. In 2017/18, vaccination coverage rates in provincial HPV school-based programs varied from 62% in Ontario to 86% in Prince Edward Island in girls and from 58% in Ontario to 86% in Prince Edward Island in boys. Conclusions: Since their introduction, Canadian school-based HPV public vaccination programs have evolved from a three-dose to a two-dose schedule, from a quadrivalent to a nonavalent vaccine, and from a girls-only to a gender-neutral policy. Vaccination coverage rates have varied markedly and only Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland/Labrador have maintained rates exceeding 80%.
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Kriz, Peter K., Steven J. Staffa, David Zurakowski, Matthew MacAskill, Tyler Kirchberg, Kyle Robert, Janette Baird, and Greg Lockhart. "Effect of Penalty Minute Rule Change on Injuries and Game Disqualification Penalties in High School Ice Hockey." American Journal of Sports Medicine 47, no. 2 (December 20, 2018): 438–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546518815886.
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Background: Recent efforts have focused on eliminating dangerous hits in ice hockey. Fair play rule changes have successfully reduced injury risk but have not been widely implemented. Purpose: To determine the effect of a penalty infraction minutes (PIM) rule change in high school boys’ ice hockey on injuries and game disqualification penalties. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Injury data were collected from 2 Rhode Island hospital systems and game/penalty data through the Rhode Island Hockey Coaches Association website. Participants included high school boys’ hockey varsity players aged 13 to 19 years presenting to 5 emergency departments for hockey injuries during 6 seasons (December 2012–April 2018). Rule change for the 2015-2016 season implemented varying suspensions for players accumulating ≥50 PIM and ≥70 PIM during regular season and playoffs. Injuries were classified as body checking or non–body checking related, and injury rates pre– versus post–rule change were compared via the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel chi-square test with the odds ratio (OR) to measure risk reduction. Results: During the study period, 1762 boys’ high school varsity hockey games were played. Of 134 game-related injuries, 82 (61.2%) were attributable to body checking. The PIM rule change was associated with a significant reduction in all injuries (OR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.35-0.86; P = .008), concussion/closed head injury (OR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.23-0.85; P = .012), and combined subgroups of concussion/closed head injury and upper body injury (OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.31-0.80; P = .003). Game disqualification penalties per season were not significantly reduced following the rule change, occurring in 5.2% of games before the rule change and 4.4% of games after (OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.54-1.31; P = .440). Conclusion: Implementation of a statewide PIM restriction rule change effectively reduced the mean number of game-related injuries per season among high school boys’ hockey varsity players.
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Todorović, Predrag. "Is Beckett’s Island Dystopia(n) or not?" Tekstualia 2, no. 6 (November 8, 2020): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.5179.
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The literary genre of dystopia remains popular in the English-speaking world, particularly in young adult fi ction. The word “dystopia” is a nineteenth century English neologism formed upon the logic of Thomas More’s utopia. Dystopia denotes a physical “bad place”, and a metaphysical “negative space”. In Malone Dies the novel’s fi nal scene is happening on an island or “islet”, as Beckett wrote. What unfolds is a scene of horror, a slaughter committed by guardian Lemuel. The islet thus becomes Böcklin’s “Isle of the Dead” (bad place), and Lemuel the boatman Charon who ferried souls to the underworld in Greek mythology. Endgame is set in a post-apocalyptic world, and everything is happening in a kind of bunker-shelter. Outside there is, probably, nothing. Or, maybe, only Death, as Hamm says. Are they situated on an island or not? Are Hamm, Clov, Nagg and Nell the last survivors of an atomic war? A kind of Robinsons, lost on an island in the middle of a desert planet, like the lost boys in Golding’s Lord of the Flies? Beckett wrote some other works that can be considered dystopian, but in my paper I will focus on the two mentioned above, and try to analyze characters in those hostile landscapes, and their useless efforts to avoid the inevitable – the end.
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Taylor, Dorothy L., Frank A. Biafora, and George J. Warheit. "Racial mistrust and disposition to deviance among African American, Haitian, and other Caribbean Island adolescent boys." Law and Human Behavior 18, no. 3 (1994): 291–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01499589.
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Singh, Minnie. "The Government of Boys: Golding's Lord of the Flies and Ballantyne's Coral Island." Children's Literature 25, no. 1 (1997): 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/chl.0.0478.
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Berman, Dene S. "Book Review: Crossing the Water: Eighteen Months on an Island Working with Troubled Boys — A Teacher's Memoir." Journal of Experiential Education 25, no. 2 (June 2002): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/105382590202500211.
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Bernardo, Carla de Oliveira, and Francisco de Assis Guedes de Vasconcelos. "Association of parents' nutritional status, and sociodemographic and dietary factors with overweight/obesity in schoolchildren 7 to 14 years old." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 28, no. 2 (February 2012): 291–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2012000200008.
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To assess the association of parents' nutritional status, and dietary and sociodemographic factors with overweight/obesity in schoolchildren in Florianópolis Island, Santa Catarina State, Brazil, this cross-sectional epidemiological study examined 2,826 schoolchildren 7 to 14 years old, classified according to body mass index curves for age and sex recommended by the International Obesity Task Force. Data were analyzed using Poisson regression. The final model showed overweight/obesity in boys associated directly with father's educational level, mother's age, and parents' nutritional status, and inversely with mother's educational level, and number of daily meals. Among girls, it associated directly with parents' nutritional status and the schoolchildren's age, and inversely with consumption of risk foods. The variables that associated with overweight/obesity differed between the sexes, except parents' nutritional status. Boys and girls with both parents overweight or obese were, respectively, 80% and 150% more likely to exhibit the same diagnosis, indicating the need for interventions that include the family environment.
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Bibiloni, Maria del Mar, Elisa Martinez, Rosa Llull, Maria Daniela Juarez, Antoni Pons, and Josep A. Tur. "Prevalence and risk factors for obesity in Balearic Islands adolescents." British Journal of Nutrition 103, no. 1 (August 12, 2009): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000711450999136x.
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The aim of this work was to assess the prevalence and risk factors of obesity in the Balearic Islands' adolescents. A cross-sectional nutritional survey was carried out in the Balearic Islands (2007–2008). A random sample (n1231) of the adolescent population (12–17 year old) was interviewed. Anthropometric measurements, two non-consecutive 24 h recalls and a general questionnaire incorporating questions related to sociodemographic and lifestyle variables including the physical activity questionnaire were used. The prevalence of overweight was 19·9 % (boys) and 15·5 % (girls), and obesity 12·7 % (boys) and 8·5 % (girls). The main risk factors associated with a higher prevalence of obesity were low parental education level (boys OR: 3·47; 95 % CI: 1·58, 7·62; girls OR: 3·29; 95 % CI: 1·38, 7·89), to skip meals (boys OR: 4·99; 95 % CI: 2·1, 11·54; girls OR: 2·20; 95 % CI: 0·99, 4·89), age (12–13-year-old boys; OR: 2·75; 95 % CI: 1·14, 6·64), attention to mass media (television (TV)+radio; boys OR: 1·50; 95 % CI: 0·81, 2·84; girls OR: 2·06; 95 % CI: 0·91, 4·68), short sleep (boys OR: 3·42; 95 % CI: 0·88, 13·26), low parental socioeconomic status (girls OR: 3·24, 95% CI: 1·04, 10·05 ) and smoking (girls OR: 2·51; 95 % CI: 0·88, 7·13). A programme of action including school healthy education and promotion programmes targeted at parents and adolescents are needed. These programmes may be mainly focused to increase educational level, to make the adolescents to be aware of to skip meals and to smoke are not appropriate methods to reduce the risk of obesity, but the usefulness is to do not eat while watching TV, to sleep 8–10 h/d and to be physically active.
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Gutica, Mirela, and Stephen Petrina. "Emotional Agents in Educational Game Design." International Journal of Game-Based Learning 11, no. 4 (October 2021): 72–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijgbl.2021100104.
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Evaluating the subjective playing experience and engagement in learning is important in the design of advanced learning technologies (ALTs) that respond to the learners' cognitive and emotional states. This article addresses students' attitudes toward an educational game, Heroes of Math Island, and their responses to the emotional agent, an animated monkey. Fifteen students (seven boys and eight girls) from grades six and seven participated in this quasi-experimental study (pretest, intervention, post-test, followed by post-questionnaire and interview). This research presents a detailed analysis of students' subjective reactions with respect to Heroes of Math Island and to the underlying mathematics content, their learning gains and emotions triggered during gameplay, and design issues resulting from the evaluation of the game and of its emotional agent. The findings from this study inform how ALTs and educational games can be designed in order to be effective and provide emotional engagement, enjoyment, and learning.
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TOURIKIS, JOHN D., and ION N. BERATIS. "COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESSOR-INDUCED SECONDARY SEX RATIO DECLINE AFTER A SEISMIC SEQUENCE IN THE GREEK ISLAND OF ZAKYNTHOS." Journal of Biosocial Science 45, no. 2 (June 7, 2012): 231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932012000314.
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SummaryThe secondary sex ratio (the ratio of boys to girls at birth) may demonstrate a decline following community stress-inducing major destructive events. This study aims to investigate whether or not moderate adverse life events, in conjunction with endogenous psychological characteristics, can induce sufficient community stress to affect the sex ratio. From April 3rd to May 8th 2006 a moderate sized earthquake sequence occurred offshore the Greek island of Zakynthos, which had been hit by a destructive earthquake half a century earlier. The monthly sex ratio after the earthquake sequence was estimated and compared with that of previous and following years. Eleven months after the onset of the earthquakes the sex ratio fell to 1.000, and during the next two months (March and April) it declined further to 0.612. The sex ratio one year before its decline was 1.158 and over a total 6-year period, 3 years before and 3 years after the sequence, it was 1.063; the March–April decline in male births is significant (OR=0.53, 95% CI=0.32–0.86, p=0.013, and OR=0.57, 95% CI=0.36–0.91, p=0.023, respectively). Also, the number of boys relative to girls in March–April 2007 was significantly lower than during the same months 3 years before and after the sequence (OR=0.50, 95% CI=0.31–0.82, p=0.007). The findings suggest that basic biological characteristics, such as the sex ratio, can be affected by psychological stressors interwoven with the pertaining psychology of the population.
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Aizer, Anna, and Janet Currie. "Lead and Juvenile Delinquency: New Evidence from Linked Birth, School, and Juvenile Detention Records." Review of Economics and Statistics 101, no. 4 (October 2019): 575–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/rest_a_00814.
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Using a unique data set linking preschool blood lead levels, birth, school, and detention records for 125,000 children born between 1990 and 2004 in Rhode Island, we estimate the impact of lead on school suspension and juvenile detention. Sibling fixed-effect models suggest that omitted variables related to family disadvantage do not bias OLS estimates. However, measurement error does. We use IV methods that exploit local (within-neighborhood), variation in lead exposure deriving from road proximity and the deleading of gasoline. For boys, a 1 unit increase in lead increased the probability of suspension from school by 6% and detention by 57%.
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Herbert, Jeannie. "Gender Issues for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Girls—Exploring Issues for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island Boys." Aboriginal Child at School 23, no. 2 (June 1995): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0310582200006441.
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AbstractThis Workshop paper was presented at the Ministerial Council on Employment, Education, Training and Youth Affair s (MCEETYA) Gender Equity Taskforce Promoting Gender Equity Conference 22-24 February 1995 held in Canberra and attended by advisers to various State/Territory governments, academics and some school-based educators, on gender issues.
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Geschke, Katja, and B. Louise Chilvers. "Managing big boys: a case study on remote anaesthesia and satellite tracking of adult male New Zealand sea lions (Phocarctos hookeri)." Wildlife Research 36, no. 8 (2009): 666. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr09133.
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Context. Handling animals is essential for many applications in wildlife management. However, currently there are limited techniques to safely handle and move large mobile pinnipeds, particularly when they cannot be physically restrained first. Such animals can be the cause of many land-based wildlife–human conflicts. The New Zealand (NZ) sea lion (Phocarctos hookeri) is the world’s rarest and second largest otariid, and is in severe decline. Although most NZ sea lions live on uninhabited NZ subantarctic islands, a small population is recolonising the coastline of Otago, NZ and this close proximity with humans can cause conflict. Aims. The aim of this research was to assess a method of remote chemical anaesthesia for its ability to safely and practically immobilise large pinnipeds to allow attachment of satellite tracking equipment and to handle and potentially move animals if in situations of conflict. Methods. The chemical anaesthetic Zoletil® was remotely applied to immobilise adult male NZ sea lions at Enderby Island, Auckland Islands, to allow handling and the application of satellite tracking equipment. Key results. Six adult males weighing up to 330 kg were successfully anaesthetised, weighed and measured. Two of these had satellite location tags attached, which showed two very different post-breeding movement patterns by adult males and indicated minimum overlap with local fisheries activities. Conclusions. This remote anaesthesia technique was successful for adult male NZ sea lions and could be used for the immobilisation and management of other large mobile pinnipeds. Implications. The ability to anaesthetise and safely handle large adult male pinnipeds will provide better management in areas where animals come in close contact with human populations with possible lethal interactions or where attachment of monitoring equipment is required to investigate population parameters or possible lethal interactions.
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Hillewaert, Sarah. "‘WHOEVER LEAVES THEIR TRADITIONS IS A SLAVE’: CONTEMPORARY NOTIONS OF SERVITUDE IN AN EAST AFRICAN TOWN." Africa 86, no. 3 (July 7, 2016): 425–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972016000322.
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ABSTRACTThis article examines contemporary discourses on and conceptions ofutumwaor ‘slavery’ on the Indian Ocean island of Lamu. It discusses how residents of this Swahili town use historical understandings of servitude as moral rather than mere physical subjugation to formulate judgements on current processes of change within the town. Central to the discussion are ideologies ofuungwana(civilization) andheshima(respectability) that historically shaped social stratification in Lamu, and particularly the enduring views that an embodiment ofheshimaand its visible mediation within material practices facilitate a distinction between nobleman and slave. By examining how these norms are currently incorporated within everyday assessments of young people's public behaviour, I argue that the moral ideologies that shaped social structure during the era of slavery meaningfully influence ascriptions of social standing within contemporary Lamu. Specifically, the article explores how discourses aboututumwaare grafted onto contemporary moral assessments of ‘beach boys’ or Lamu youth working in the local tourism industry. I suggest that the ideologies ofutumwa, and the moral values that accompany it, motivate and facilitate the discursive constructions of beach boys’ work as idleness rather than gainful employment.
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Zhang, Shunxin, and John F. Riva. "The stratigraphic position and the age of the Ordovician organic-rich intervals in the northern Hudson Bay, Hudson Strait, and Foxe basins—evidence from graptolites." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 55, no. 8 (August 2018): 897–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2017-0266.
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Graptolites recovered from the organic-rich intervals, previously named the Boas River Formation in the Upper Ordovician succession on Southampton, Akpatok, and southern Baffin islands provide a reliable age assessment for the Upper Ordovician petroleum source rocks in the northern Hudson Bay, Hudson Strait, and Foxe basins. They are characterised by Anticostia lata and Anticostia hudsoni in the lower Red Head Rapids Formation on Southampton Island; Anticostia decipiens and Rectograptus socialis in the lower Foster Bay Formation on Akpatok Island; and Diplacanthograptus spiniferus and Amplexograptus praetypicalis in the lower Amadjuak Formation on southern Baffin Island. These data suggest that the organic-rich intervals in the northern Hudson Bay and Hudson Strait basins can be correlated to the Dicellograptus anceps and Paraorthograptus pacificus zones of the upper Katian, and the horizon in the Foxe Basin to the Diplacanthograptus spiniferus Zone of the lower Katian. The Boas River Formation is not deemed appropriate to use as it occurs as an organic-rich interbed in different stratigraphic units in different basins; therefore, it is suggested to abandon it as a stratigraphic term.
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Sichert-Hellert, Wolfgang, Laurent Beghin, Stefaan De Henauw, Evangelia Grammatikaki, Lena Hallström, Yannis Manios, María I. Mesana, et al. "Nutritional knowledge in European adolescents: results from the HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) study." Public Health Nutrition 14, no. 12 (August 2, 2011): 2083–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980011001352.
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AbstractObjectiveTo build up sufficient knowledge of a ‘healthy diet’. Here, we report on the assessment of nutritional knowledge using a uniform method in a large sample of adolescents across Europe.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingThe European multicentre HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) study conducted in 2006–2007 in ten cities in Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Greece (one inland and one island city), Hungary, Italy, Spain and Sweden.SubjectsA total of 3546 adolescents (aged 12·5–17·5 years) completed a validated nutritional knowledge test (NKT). Socio-economic variables and anthropometric data were considered as potential confounders.ResultsNKT scores increased with age and girls had higher scores compared with boys (62 % v. 59 %; P < 0·0001). Scores were approximately 10 % lower in ‘immigrant’ adolescents or in adolescents with ‘immigrant’ mothers. Misconceptions with respect to the sugar content in food or in beverages were found. Overall, there was no correlation between BMI values and NKT scores. After categorization according to BMI, scores increased significantly with BMI group only in boys. These differences disappeared after controlling for socio-economic status (SES). Smoking status and educational level of the mother influenced the NKT scores significantly in boys, as well as the educational levels of both parents in girls.ConclusionsNutritional knowledge was modest in our sample. Interventions should be focused on the lower SES segments of the population. They should be initiated at a younger age and should be combined with environmental prevention (e.g. healthy meals in school canteens).
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Innayati, Early Maghfiroh. "HUBUNGAN ANTARA PENGASUHAN ISLAMI DENGAN IDENTITAS DIRI PADA REMAJA DI KOTA YOGYAKARTA." Hisbah: Jurnal Bimbingan Konseling dan Dakwah Islam 9, no. 1 (June 1, 2012): 88–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/hisbah.2012.091-05.
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This research was aimed to determining the relationship between Islamic adolescent rearing practices with self identity and the different self identity between boys and girls. Several hypothesis were set as follow was : (1) there is a relationship between Islamic adolescent rearing practices with self identity, (2) there is a difference between boys and girls in terms of self identity.The subject involved 200 adolescent ; 110 boys and 90 girls, using purposive random sampling. The data were obtained by using Islamic adolescent rearing ractices scale (SPI) and self identity scale (SID). Data analysis used product moment and t-test.The first hypothesis was analysis using product moment. The result shows that Islamic adolescent rearing practices influenced self identity (r=0,549 ; =0,000). The second analysis showed that there was not a significant differences of self identity between boys and girls (t=-0,497 ; p=0,620), although mean value self identity of girls (210,25) was higher than boys (208,26).
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Chang, Jerry Yung-Ching. "The Pornoethnography of Boys in the Sand: Fetishisms of Race and Class in the 1970s Gay Fire Island Pines." WSQ: Women's Studies Quarterly 43, no. 3-4 (2015): 101–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wsq.2015.0053.
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Morgenstern, John. "The Mother of Boys’ Adventure Fiction?: Reassessing Catharine Parr Traill’s Canadian Crusoes and R. M. Ballantyne’s The Coral Island." Lion and the Unicorn 39, no. 3 (2015): 294–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/uni.2015.0029.
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Tavares, Carlos Mendes, Néia Schor, Ivan França Junior, and Simone Grilo Diniz. "Factors associated with sexual initiation and condom use among adolescents on Santiago Island, Cape Verde, West Africa." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 25, no. 9 (September 2009): 1969–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2009000900011.
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The current study focuses on factors associated with sexual initiation and condom use among teenagers on Santiago Island, Cape Verde, according to gender. This was a representative, probabilistic sample of 13-to-17-year-olds (n = 768) attending public secondary schools on Santiago Island in 2007. Associations were tested by test of proportion, Pearson's chi-square, or Fisher's exact test and logistic regression. Factors related to sexual initiation among boys were: age over 14 years, Catholic religion, and alcohol consumption. For girls, the factors included: > 9 years of schooling and involvement in an affective-sexual relationship. Unlike other Sub-Saharan countries, this study showed a high prevalence of condom use during initial sexual activity. Adolescents are able to safely begin sexually active life if they have access to information, sex education, and other STD prevention and contraceptive methods. This study provides insights on the development of policies to reduce the vulnerability of the young population to STD/AIDS and the limits and challenges related to the promotion of condom use and sex education, focusing on unequal gender relations.
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Siam, Hassan Shafkat, Md Robiul Hasan, and Tasnim Sultana. "Socio-economic status of fisher community at Nijhum Dwip." Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 6, no. 2 (July 7, 2020): 351–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ajmbr.v6i2.48083.
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Nijhum dwip is a well-known island in which local people are mostly dependent on fisheries resources. The island is located in Hatiya Upazila under Noakhali district, Bangladesh. The present study attempted to investigate the socio-economic condition of fishers on this island. We randomly selected 50 fishers for an interview in the field survey. From the investigation, we found that 94% of fishers were male, and 6% were female. A large portion was Muslim (90%), and the rest was Hindu (10%). About 91% were found married. Nuclear families were more (59%) common compared to joint families. Among school-going children, 57% of boys and 43% of girls were dropouts. Eighty-eight per cent of dwellings were full katcha while semi-pacca were 12% and all the family are lack of electricity facilities. Different types of the net including the set bag net, tong jal, current jal, tanajal etc. were found on this island. They used motorboats, and engine power ranges from 8 to 22 hp for fishing. A group of fishermen caught fish averagely 35-80 kg per day. A portion of them being consumed for households and the rest of them are usually sold. The monthly average income was around BDT7000-8000. Fifty-six per cent of the fishermen borrowed money from money lenders and 44% from the NGOs. Our findings suggest that GOs and NGOs should come forward for the betterment of socio-economic condition through increasing educational opportunities, loan facilities and electricity facilities and sustainable livelihood in the present study area.
Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2020, 6(2): 351-358
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McClure, Carol A., Mary-Ann MacSwain, Heather Morrison, and Carolyn J. Sanford. "Human papillomavirus vaccine uptake in boys and girls in a school-based vaccine delivery program in Prince Edward Island, Canada." Vaccine 33, no. 15 (April 2015): 1786–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.02.047.
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Shingles, René Revis, and Yevonne Smith. "Perceptions of Sexual Harassment in Athletic Training." Athletic Training Education Journal 3, no. 3 (July 1, 2008): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1947-380x-3.3.102.
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Objective: To describe and analyze the experiences of ethnically diverse female certified athletic trainers (ATCs) in order to discern the perceived nature of sexual harassment in the athletic training profession. Design and Setting: Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used for a larger study; however, only the qualitative data are presented here. An in-depth telephone interview survey for the larger study was developed, of which several questions pertained to sexual harassment. Participants: An ethnically diverse group of twenty-five female ATCs (American Indian/Alaskan Native; Asian/Pacific Island; Black, non-Hispanic; Hispanic; and White, non-Hispanic), five from each ethnic/racial group, participated in the interview. Measurements: Data were collected via an in-depth telephone interview. Female ATCs were asked if they had experienced sexual harassment in the classroom, clinical rotation or on the job. The data were analyzed using Vaughn, Schumm and Sinagub's1 five step method of qualitative data analysis. Results: Regardless of race/ethnicity or date of certification, women perceived they experienced sexual harassment when the incident involved physical abuse or created a threatening environment. Comments and jokes of a sexual nature were perceived as “boys being boys,” rather than as sexual harassment. Conclusions: The data suggest diverse female ATCs do not have a clear understanding of what constitutes sexual harassment.
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Rush, Elaine C., Lindsay D. Plank, Peter S. W. Davies, Patsy Watson, and Clare R. Wall. "Body composition and physical activity in New Zealand Maori, Pacific and European children aged 5–14 years." British Journal of Nutrition 90, no. 6 (December 2003): 1133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn20031000.
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Body fatness and the components of energy expenditure in children aged 5–14 years were investigated. In a group of seventy-nine healthy children (thirty-nine female, forty male), mean age 10·0 (sd 2·8) years, comprising twenty-seven Maori, twenty-six Pacific Island and twenty-six European, total energy expenditure (TEE) was determined over 10 d using the doubly-labelled water method. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) was measured by indirect calorimetry and physical activity level (PAL) was calculated as TEE:RMR. Fat-free mass (FFM), and hence fat mass, was derived from the 18O-dilution space using appropriate values for FFM hydration in children. Qualitative information on physical activity patterns was obtained by questionnaire. Maori and Pacific children had a higher BMI than European children (P<0·003), but % body fat was similar for the three ethnic groups. The % body fat increased with age for girls (r 0·42, P=0·008), but not for boys. Ethnicity was not a significant predictor of RMR adjusted for FFM and fat mass. TEE and PAL, adjusted for body weight and age, were higher in Maori than European children (P<0·02), with Pacific children having intermediate values. PAL was inversely correlated with % body fat in boys (r −0·43, P=0·006), but was not significantly associated in girls. The % body fat was not correlated with reported time spent inactive or outdoors. Ethnic-related differences in total and activity-related energy expenditure that might account for higher obesity rates in Maori and Pacific children were not seen. Low levels of physical activity were associated with increased body fat in boys but not in girls.
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del Mar Bibiloni, Maria, Antoni Pons, and Josep A. Tur. "Compliance with the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED) among Balearic Islands' Adolescents and Its Association with Socioeconomic, Anthropometric and Lifestyle Factors." Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 68, no. 1 (November 21, 2015): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000442302.
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Background and Aims: To assess the compliance levels of adolescents in the Balearic Islands with the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED Index) and to assess its associations with socioeconomic, anthropometric and lifestyle characteristics. Methods: A cross-sectional survey (n = 1,231; 12-17 years) carried out in 2007-2008. The degree of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) was evaluated using the KIDMED Index. Body composition, body image, socioeconomic factors, and physical activity were also assessed. Results: Around 30% of adolescents showed high adherence to MedDiet and 15.7% showed poor adherence. More boys (32.0%) than girls (25.2%) showed high adherence to MedDiet. However, the proportion of adolescents who were reported to skip breakfast was higher among girls than boys (30.0 vs. 19.2%, respectively). The OR for poor adherence to MedDiet was higher in adolescents who usually attend mass media during mealtime, in boys eating ≤3 occasions/day, and in physically inactive girls. In boys, poor adherence to MedDiet was associated with lower OR in the age range 12-13 and in those who wished to have a thin body shape. In girls, high parental educational level, time spent on media <2 h/day and eating breakfast regularly were also associated with lower OR for poor adherence to MedDiet. Conclusions: A high percentage of adolescents in Balearic Islands showed poor adherence to MedDiet.
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Saha, Shilpi, Shamsunnahar, Subrina Sehrin, Anirban Sarker, Kazi Ahsan Habib, and Mohammad Abdul Baki. "First distributional record of sixteen Coral associated fish species from Saint Martin’s island, Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Zoology 48, no. 2 (April 11, 2021): 263–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v48i2.52368.
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The Bangladeshi reef fish species have not been studied thoroughly. An attempt has been made for taxonomic identification of coral-associated fish through morphological studies. Mostly dead and few live fishes were collected from local fishermen, fish landing zone, and fish markets in St. Martin’s Island, Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh, from October 2015 to July 2016, visiting seven times. Samples were also obtained from local boys who collected fishes by using hook and line. The study recorded the first occurrence of 16 coral-associated fish species such as Caesio cuning, Lethrinus ornatus, Upeneus suahelicus, Upeneus asymmetricus, Scarus taeniopterus, Scarus zufar, Bodianus neilli, Parapercis clathrata, Parapercis diplospilus, Pomadasys furcatus, Siganus fuscescens, Acanthopagrus berda, Gerres erythrourus, Lagocephalus spadiceus, Psettodes bennettii, and Heteroconger perissodon. Among them, Parapercis clathrata, Parapercis diplospilus belongs to the family Pinguipedidae before, no species was recorded under this family from Bangladesh and a rare and endemic species, Scarus zufar, of the Arabian Sea off Dhofar (Zufar), Oman in the Western Indian Ocean, was recorded for the first time in the Northern Indian Ocean in the northeastern part of Bay of Bengal. This study increased the number of coral-associated fish from 240 to 256 species and the number of families from 54 to 55 in the coral reef ecosystem of the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh.
Bangladesh J. Zool. 48(2): 263-288, 2020
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Tsiliou, S., N. Rigopoulos, and A. E. Koutelidakis. "Dietary patterns, overweight and obesity rates in children aged 9-12 in primary schools of Greek island Lemnos." Progress in Health Sciences 6, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0009.5048.
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Purpose: Children obesity consists a fundamental problem of public health in Greece. The understanding of the factors which is correlated to is a requirement for the implementation of intervening policy and treatment. The aim of the study was to investigate the dietary habits of the students in Lemnos Island and their correlation to obesity and overweight rates. Materials and methods: 130 students of the 4th, 5th and the 6th grade from three primary schools of Lemnos Island completed a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). A weigh measurement followed BMI calculation with the use of growth charts in order to estimate the rates of obese, overweight and underweight children. Correlations were carried out between children dietary patterns and their BMI. Results: Τhe majority of the children follow a balanced diet according to the nutritional recommendations. The obesity prevalence and the overweight rates of the Lemnos students was 8.2% and 16.4%, respectively. 72.4% of the students had normal weight, whereas 3% of them were underweight. There was no correlation of obesity/overweight rates with the dietary patterns and physical activity. Boys consume breakfast more frequently in comparison to girls and are more occupied with athletic activities. In the 4th grade the breakfast consumption was more frequent in comparison to the 6th grade. Conclusions: The students of Lemnos appear low rates of overweight, in comparison with other studies in Greek land, by following a balanced diet. The environment and the living conditions of the children on the island may contribute to adapting a healthier way of living.
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Thompson, Faye L., Luise A. Hermanutz, and David J. Innes. "The reproductive ecology of island populations of distylous Menyanthes trifoliata (Menyanthaceae)." Canadian Journal of Botany 76, no. 5 (May 1, 1998): 818–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b98-059.
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Menyanthes trifoliata L. is a distylous, clonal aquatic macrophyte found in shallow bogs and river margins throughout the boreal ecosystem, including the island of Newfoundland. A combination of long-distance dispersal and colonization after deglaciation, and pollen limitation resulting from reduced pollinator diversity and abundance documented on islands, predicts the breakdown of heterostyly to favour the establishment of self-compatible homostyles on islands. To test if self-fertilizing homostyles have been selected, variation in floral characters and compatibility relationships were examined in M. trifoliata populations from the Avalon Peninsula of Newfoundland. Morph ratio and its effect on fruit and seed set were examined in nine populations. Of the seven dimorphic populations, morphs occurred in a 1:1 ratio in four populations and deviated significantly from a 1:1 ratio in three populations. The two populations monomorphic for either pin or thrum morphs set few fruits or seeds (<15%). A strictly reciprocal arrangement of stigma height and anther length was not observed between pin and thrum morphs in the majority of populations studied. Stigma-anther separation showed a bimodal distribution with few intermediate "homostylous" flowers, rather than the discreet bimodal distribution typical of distylous species. Fruit and seed set were high (>60%) in equal morph ratio populations and were not significantly correlated to stigma-anther separation, indicating that there was no selective advantage of being homostylous. All three populations tested were highly self-incompatible, confirming that there has not been a breakdown of heterostyly on the island of Newfoundland. A reduced pollinator fauna typical of island environments may have relaxed stabilizing selection for strict herkogamy between floral morphs, resulting in the observed lack of reciprocity.Key words: Menyanthes trifoliata, distyly, homostyle, reciprocal herkogamy, clonal aquatic macrophyte, island of Newfoundland.
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del Mar Bibiloni, Maria, Elisa Martínez, Rosa Llull, Antoni Pons, and Josep A. Tur. "Western and Mediterranean dietary patterns among Balearic Islands’ adolescents: socio-economic and lifestyle determinants." Public Health Nutrition 15, no. 4 (September 8, 2011): 683–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980011002199.
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AbstractObjectiveTo assess prevailing food patterns among Balearic Islands’ adolescents, and socio-economic and lifestyle determinants.DesignCross-sectional nutritional survey carried out (2007–2008) in the Balearic Islands, a Mediterranean region. Dietary assessment was based on a 145-item semi-quantitative FFQ and two non-consecutive 24 h recalls. Anthropometric measurements and questions related to socio-economic, lifestyle, physical activity and body image were assessed.SettingData obtained from a representative sample of all inhabitants living in the Balearic Islands aged 12–17 years.SubjectsA random sample (n1231) of the adolescent population (12–17 years old) was interviewed.ResultsFactor analysis identified two major dietary food patterns: ‘Western’ and ‘Mediterranean’. The ‘Western’ dietary pattern was higher among boys than girls, associated with spending ≥4 h/d on media screen time, but less prevalent among those adolescents who desired a thinner body and those girls who desired to remain the same weight. The ‘Mediterranean’ dietary pattern was mainly followed by girls, and also boys who spent < 2 h/d on media screen time and girls with high parental socio-economic status.ConclusionsThe present study shows the existence of two major dietary patterns among Balearic Islands’ adolescents: ‘Western’ and ‘Mediterranean’, but girls are more ‘Mediterranean’ than boys. This evidence supports that the food pattern of Balearic Islands’ adolescents is in a transitional state characterised by the loss of the traditional Mediterranean dietary pattern towards a Western dietary pattern. Low parental socio-economic status, much leisure-time on sedentary behaviours such as media screen time and body image are factors associated with the ‘Western’ dietary pattern.
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McCracken, Alexander D., and Godfrey S. Nowlan. "Conodont paleontology and biostratigraphy of Ordovician carbonates and petroliferous carbonates on Southampton, Baffin, and Akpatok islands in the eastern Canadian Arctic." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 26, no. 10 (October 1, 1989): 1880–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e89-160.
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Carbonate and petroliferous carbonate units ("oil shales") on Southampton, Baffin, and Akpatok islands have yielded a total of 2277 conodonts, the more biostratigraphically useful of which indicate not all units are correlative. The Boas River "shale", the lower of the two petroliferous units on Southampton Island, overlies the Bad Cache Rapids Group and contains a diverse fauna, including elements of Amorphognathus ordovicicus Branson and Mehl. Previous reports have indicated the presence of Culumbodina penna Sweet, a species whose range only barely overlaps that of A. ordovicicus in the middle Maysvillian. Carbonate beds and bedding-plane surfaces of the higher Red Head Rapids Formation at Sixteen Mile Brook yielded A. ordovicicus faunas containing Aphelognathus cf. A. divergens Sweet. These beds are likely Richmondian, since A. divergens is known elsewhere only from Richmondian strata. A metasicula of "Glyptograptus" hudsoni Jackson, several natural conodont assemblages, and fused enigmatic coniform elements were also found at Sixteen Mile Brook.The petroliferous unit in unnamed strata at Amadjuak Lake on Baffin Island contains Belodina area Sweet, which is indicative of a late Edenian to early Maysvillian age. Conodonts from the petroliferous strata at Jordan River on Baffin Island suggest a Trentonian to early Maysvillian age. The conodonts recovered from unnamed strata on Akpatok Island are not very diagnostic but indicate an age range from Shermanian to Gamachian.
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Katriel, Tamar. "Brogez: Ritual and strategy in Israeli children's conflicts." Language in Society 14, no. 4 (December 1985): 467–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404500011477.
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This study relates to two strands of research into children's communicative competence: the study of children's conflict behavior and the study of ritualized communicative activities through which children construct, maintain, and strategically negotiate their social world (e.g., Brenneis & Lein 19p; Lein & Brenneis 1978; Boggs 1978; Corsaro 1979; Morgan, O'Neill, & Harre 1979; Goodwin, 1980). A number of ethnographic studies have been specifically concerned with the analysis of culturally situated, ritualized, agonistic events. Notably, the series of studies concerned with the language form known as “sounding” or “playing the dozens” among black American youth in the United States (e.g., Abrahams 1962; Kochman 1972, 1981; Labov 1972; Mitchell-Kernan 1972), the study of verbal dueling among Turkish boys (Dundes, Leach, & Ozkok 1972), or the study of ritualized fighting among the Irish men of Tory Island (Fox 1977).
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Roy, Patricia E., and Lynne Bowen. "Boss Whistle: The Coal Miners of Vancouver Island Remember." Labour / Le Travail 16 (1985): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25142528.
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Knötsch, Carol Cathleen. "Franz Boas' research trip to Baffin Island 1882–1884." Polar Geography and Geology 17, no. 1 (January 1993): 3–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10889379309377502.
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Okubo, H., M. Nakasone, M. Kinjo, K. Onaka, C. Futenma, and F. Kanaya. "Epidemiology of paediatric elbow fractures: a retrospective multi-centre study of 488 fractures." Journal of Children's Orthopaedics 13, no. 5 (October 1, 2019): 516–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/1863-2548.13.190043.
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Purpose Elbow fractures are common in children and occur during daily activities. The aim of this study is to evaluate the epidemiology of paediatric elbow fractures over a two-year period in Okinawa, a southern subtropical island in Japan. Methods This was a retrospective study of 488 elbow fractures in children younger than 15 years old treated at 11 hospitals in Okinawa. Data included age, gender, calendar month, type of fracture, operation rate, mechanism of injury, and aetiology. Results The most frequent age was 6 years old, with 47.5% of all elbow fractures occurring in an age range from 6 to 10 years old. The fracture rate for boys was 1.6 times higher than that for girls. The incidence was the highest in May (56 fractures) and the lowest in August (25 fractures). Supracondylar fractures were the most common type (44%), followed by lateral condyle fractures (22%); 45% of all fractures were treated operatively. Medial epicondyle fractures had the highest rate of operative treatment (91%). In the 6 to 10-year-old group, 19% of all fractures occurred while skateboarding or caster-boarding, the most frequent aetiology. Conclusions Supracondylar fractures are the most common fracture type in 4 to 7-year-old boys. In the 6 to 10-year-old group, skateboarding and caster-boarding are the most frequent and increasing cause of elbow fractures. Therefore, some preventive measures are needed. Level of evidence Level IV, case series
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Moore, Robert. "“Context collapse” on a small island." Language, Culture and Society 1, no. 2 (October 22, 2019): 267–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lcs.00018.moo.
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Abstract Commentators and analysts in new media studies have taken inspiration from Goffman’s ‘dramaturgical’ approach to interaction as performance, as well as his concepts of ‘face’ and ‘impression management’. Goffman is specifically invoked in discussions of a particular source of interactional trouble that is seen as generated in and by the structure of mediated communication in digital spaces: so-called “context collapse.” Context collapse represents “a crisis of self-presentation” (Wesch, 2008) that is brought about by the ability of digital platforms like Twitter and Facebook to “flatten multiple audiences into one” (Marwick & boyd, 2010, p. 9). Returning to Goffman’s unpublished PhD dissertation (Goffman, 1953) – based on fieldwork on the remote island of Unst in the Shetlands – presents an opportunity to understand more fully both the online phenomenon of “context collapse” and the promise and limitations of Goffman’s work for the study of interaction in digital environments.
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Crain, Patricia. "Learning to Read Childishly with “Master James”." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 130, no. 3 (May 2015): 718–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2015.130.3.718.
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This essay will read over the shoulder of Henry James as he reads a “boy's book” by Robert Louis stevenson, with the Design of using that seemingly unlikely encounter to think about children, books, and learning to read. An attentive reader of Stevenson's books for children and adults, James shared an affection and admiration for the man and the works with many of his contemporaries. The two became friendly after communicating in the pages of Longman's Magazine in 1884, beginning with James's essay “The Art of Fiction.” Often overlooked in discussions of this much cited essay is, first, the venue, a magazine that would become largely devoted to boys' adventure serials, and, second, the weight that James gives there to the recently published Treasure Island (1883), which he treats as exemplary in that it “succeeded wonderfully in what it attempts.” He contrasted it to Edmond de Goncourt's Chérie, which “deplorably” failed in its effort to depict “the development of the moral consciousness of a child” (61), as much as James thought that particular “country” worthy of the art of fiction (62). The reader will “say Yes or No, as it may be, to what the artist puts before” him, and, as to childhood, James asserts expert personal knowledge. After all, he writes, “I have been a child in fact, but I have been on a quest for a buried treasure only in supposition” (62).
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Anderson, Pamela Sue. "Michèle Le Doeuff's "Primal Scene": Prohibition and Confidence in the Education of a Woman." Text Matters, no. 1 (November 23, 2011): 11–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10231-011-0002-y.
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My essay begins with Michèle Le Doeuff's singular account of the "primal scene" in her own education as a woman, illustrating a universally significant point about the way(s) in which education can differ for men and women: gender difference both shapes and is shaped by the imaginary of a culture as manifest in how texts matter for Le Doeuff. Her primal scene is the first moment she remembers when, while aspiring to think for herself, a prohibition is placed in her reading of literature. Her philosophy teacher—at a boys' school—told the young Michèle that Kant's Critique of Pure Reason was "too difficult" for her to read. In recalling this scene, the older (and wiser) Michèle—now, a woman philosopher—directs her readers to this text by Kant, in order to demonstrate how knowledge has been constrained by the narrative and imagery in the text of a philosopher; similarly, in the texts of others. She finds the central imagery of Kant's text for setting the limits to human knowledge in his account of "the island of understanding," or "land of truth," surrounded by "a stormy sea" of uncertainty; the latter image also retains a seductive appeal, threatening to destroy the confidence of any knower who ventures out beyond the well-marked out island. Moreover, women have (too) often been associated with the dangers at sea beyond the safety of the island, where falsehood and worse reign. I propose that "text matters" here not only for gender issues, but for the postcolonial theory which Le Doeuff's reading of island imagery enhances in western literature and culture. The suggestion is that women in the history of ideas have been more susceptible than men to prohibitions (to reading texts): women's negative education is against going beyond certain boundaries which have been fixed by a generally colonialist culture on the grounds of gender-hierarchies. I stress the significance of confidence in the production of knowledge. A lack or an inhibition of confidence in one's own ability to think critically risks the damaging exclusions of, for example, colonialism and sexism. My aim is to unearth the political biases evident in textual imagery, while also pointing to new epistemic locations, with island-and-sea imagery that transgresses patriarchal prohibition, liberating subjects for confident reading and writing of texts today.
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Gupta, Anthea Fraser. "Marketing the voice of authenticity: a comparison of Ming Cher and Rex Shelley." Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 9, no. 2 (May 2000): 150–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096394700000900204.
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In 1995 two novels by Singaporean writers were published. Ming Cher’s Spider Boys, a first novel, was published by Penguin in New Zealand, while Rex Shelley’s Island in the Centre was published in Singapore by the regional publisher, Times Books. The marketing of both implied that they were authentic voices of Singapore. The varieties of English used and represented in the two novels are compared to the varieties of English attested in sociolinguistic studies of Singapore. Shelley’s novel represents Singapore English in a way that allows a readership familiar with Singapore to relate the characters to their sociolinguistic setting, and it has a Singaporean readership as its major target. Cher’s novel has a non-Singaporean readership as its primary target and is written throughout in a variety of English that results from Cher’s experiences as a learner of English, mediated by editors. The novels are used to illustrate concepts of authenticity in representation of language and in marketing strategies.
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Austin, Christopher C. "Molecular Phylogeny and Historical Biogeography of Pacific Island Boas (Candoia)." Copeia 2000, no. 2 (May 2000): 341–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1643/0045-8511(2000)000[0341:mpahbo]2.0.co;2.
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Stothard, J. R., A. N. Khamis, I. S. Khamis, C. H. E. Neo, I. Wei, and D. Rollinson. "HEALTH EDUCATION AND THE CONTROL OF UROGENITAL SCHISTOSOMIASIS: ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF THE JUMA NA KICHOCHO COMIC-STRIP MEDICAL BOOKLET IN ZANZIBAR." Journal of Biosocial Science 48, S1 (July 18, 2016): S40—S55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932016000122.
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SummaryEndeavours to control urogenital schistosomiasis on Unguja Island (Zanzibar) have focused on school-aged children. To assess the impact of an associated health education campaign, the supervised use of the comic-strip medical booklet Juma na Kichocho by Class V pupils attending eighteen primary schools was investigated. A validated knowledge and attitudes questionnaire was completed at baseline and repeated one year later following the regular use of the booklet during the calendar year. A scoring system (ranging from 0.0 to 5.0) measured children’s understandings of schistosomiasis and malaria, with the latter being a neutral comparator against specific changes for schistosomiasis. In 2006, the average score from 751 children (328 boys and 423 girls) was 2.39 for schistosomiasis and 3.03 for malaria. One year later, the score was 2.43 for schistosomiasis and 2.70 for malaria from 779 children (351 boys and 428 girls). As might be expected, knowledge and attitudes scores for schistosomiasis increased (+0.05), but not as much as originally hoped, while the score for malaria decreased (−0.33). According to a Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, neither change was statistically significant. Analysis also revealed that 75% of school children misunderstood the importance of reinfection after treatment with praziquantel. These results are disappointing. They demonstrate that it is mistaken to assume that knowledge conveyed in child-friendly booklets will necessarily be interpreted, and acted upon, in the way intended. If long-term sustained behavioural change is to be achieved, health education materials need to engage more closely with local understandings and responses to urogenital schistosomiasis. This, in turn, needs to be part of the development of a more holistic, biosocial approach to the control of schistosomiasis.
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Sethuraman, Ajay Raj, Shivani Rao, Lena Charlette, Pandurang Vithal Thatkar, and Vivin Vincent. "Smartphone addiction among medical college students in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 10 (September 24, 2018): 4273. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20183867.
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Background: Smart phones have become an integral part of youth. But at the same time addiction towards its use have become a serious concern among them. The objective of this study was to evaluate the level of smart phone usage among medical college students and their demographic characteristics.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on 192 medical students. A self administered SAS scale has been used to assess the level of smart phone addiction. Subjects were classified into smart phone non-user group, a low smart phone user group and a high smart phone user group.Results: Out of 192 subjects who completed the questionnaires 85.40% (n=164) had smart phone addiction. Out of the total 192 students 28 students (14.60%) were low smart phone users, of which 9 were boys (14.30%) and 19 were girls (14.70%). Among 164 (85.40%) high smart phone users 54 students were boys (85.70%) and 110 were girls (85.30%) which was not statistically significant at 5% level (chi square=0.007, p=0.935).Conclusions: Medical college students in Andaman and Nicobar Islands are more vulnerable for smart phone addiction.
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Waldrop, Anne R., Jennifer L. Moss, Benmei Liu, and Li Zhu. "Ranking States on Coverage of Cancer-Preventing Vaccines Among Adolescents: The Influence of Imprecision." Public Health Reports 132, no. 6 (August 30, 2017): 627–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033354917727274.
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Objectives: Identifying the best and worst states for coverage of cancer-preventing vaccines (hepatitis B [HepB] and human papillomavirus [HPV]) may guide public health officials in developing programs, such as promotion campaigns. However, acknowledging the imprecision of coverage and ranks is important for avoiding overinterpretation. The objective of this study was to examine states’ vaccination coverage and ranks, as well as the imprecision of these estimates, to inform public health decision making. Methods: We used data on coverage of HepB and HPV vaccines among adolescents aged 13-17 from the 2011-2015 National Immunization Survey-Teen (n = 103 729 from 50 US states and Washington, DC). We calculated coverage, 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and ranks for vaccination coverage in each state, and we generated simultaneous 95% CIs for ranks using a Monte Carlo method with 100 000 simulations. Results: Across years, HepB vaccination coverage was 92.2% (95% CI, 91.8%-92.5%; states’ range, 84.3% in West Virginia to 97.0% in Connecticut). HPV vaccination coverage was 57.4% (95% CI, 56.6%-58.2%; range, 41.8% in Kansas to 78.0% in Rhode Island) for girls and 31.0% (95% CI, 30.3%-31.8%; range, 19.0% in Utah to 59.3% in Rhode Island) for boys. States with the highest and lowest ranks generally had narrow 95% CIs; for example, Rhode Island was ranked first (95% CI, 1-1) and Kansas was ranked 51st (95% CI, 49-51) for girls’ HPV vaccination. However, states with intermediate ranks had wider and more imprecise 95% CIs; for example, New York was 26th for girls’ HPV vaccination coverage, but its 95% CI included ranks 18-35. Conclusions: States’ ranks of coverage of cancer-preventing vaccines were imprecise, especially for states in the middle of the range; thus, performance rankings presented without measures of imprecision could be overinterpreted. However, ranks can highlight high-performing and low-performing states to target for further research and vaccination promotion programming.
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Nosa, Vili, Dudley Gentles, Marewa Glover, Robert Scragg, Judith McCool, and Chris Bullen. "Prevalence and risk factors for tobacco smoking among pre-adolescent Pacific children in New Zealand." Journal of Primary Health Care 6, no. 3 (2014): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc14181.
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INTRODUCTION: Pacific New Zealanders have a high prevalence of smoking, with many first smoking in their pre-adolescent years. AIM: To identify risk factors for tobacco smoking among Pacific pre-adolescent intermediate school children. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of 2208 Pacific students aged between 10 and 13 years from four South Auckland intermediate schools who were asked about their smoking behaviour between the years 2007 and 2009. RESULTS: The prevalence of Pacific ever-smokers (for 2007) in Year 7 was 15.0% (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 12.0%18.3%) and Year 8, 23.0% (95% CI 19.5%26.7%). Multivariate modelling showed the risk factors for ever-smoking were Cook Island ethnic group (OR 1.72; 95% CI 1.262.36, ref=Samoan), boys (OR 1.47; 95% CI 1.141.89), age (OR 1.65; 95% CI 1.362.00), exposure to smoking in a car within the previous seven days (OR 2.24; 95% CI 1.673.01), anyone smoking at home within the previous seven days (OR 1.52; 95% CI 1.122.04) and receiving more than $NZ20 per week as pocket money/allowance (OR=1.91, 95% CI 1.232.96). DISCUSSION: Parents control and therefore can modify identified risk factors for Pacific childrens smoking initiation: exposure to smoking at home or in the car and the amount of weekly pocket money the child receives. Primary health care professionals should advise Pacific parents to make their homes and cars smokefree and to monitor their childrens spending. This study also suggests a particular need for specific Cook Island smokefree promotion and cessation resources. KEYWORDS: Adolescent; child; ethnic group; New Zealand; Pacific; smoking
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Basirat, Sasan, and Fatima Farhoudi. "Lord of the Flies and Implications of Tutelage." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 42 (October 2014): 189–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.42.189.
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The striking propensity for violence, displayed by a band of British schoolboys, comes to light as a prominent feature of William Golding’s Lord of the Flies. It is widely known that the choice of schoolchildren, as the perpetrators of such a savagery, finds its roots in Golding’s own pessimistic vision of mankind, and his admonitions about inherent evil and fallen nature in all people regardless of their age and nationality. Nonetheless, the circumstances that lead to a decline in civilized values, and give rise to aggressive instincts, are too complicated to be expounded in purely theological terms. Other major factors could contribute to the spread of violence in human relations. This study does specifically elaborate on the tendency among the boys to be under tutelage, and the underlying psycho-sociological state that could prove crucial to the dramatic turn of events on the island. An assessment of tutelage in Lord of the Flies would further illuminate the significance of child characters in Golding’s narrative and the way it manifests a similar tutelage in adult world.
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Hsing, You-tien, and G. S. Shieh. ""Boss" Island: The Subcontracting Network and Micro-Entrepreneurship in Taiwan's Development." Contemporary Sociology 24, no. 1 (January 1995): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2075135.
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Harlow, Peter, and Richard Shine. "Food Habits and Reproductive Biology of the Pacific Island Boas (Candoia)." Journal of Herpetology 26, no. 1 (March 1992): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1565022.
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Boback, Scott M. "Natural History and Conservation of Island Boas (Boa Constrictor) in Belize." Copeia 2005, no. 4 (December 2005): 879–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1643/0045-8511(2005)005[0879:nhacoi]2.0.co;2.
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