Academic literature on the topic 'Boyden Station (Arequipa, Peru)'

ArgumentThe administration of mountain expeditions from the ground created special managerial problems. The Harvard College Observatory's Boyden Expeditions of 1887–1890 sent men and materiel to three sites: Pike's Peak, Colorado; Mount Wilson, California; and Chosica, Peru. Their goal was to test sites in order to find a suitable site for a permanent Boyden station to conduct astrophysical work in service of Harvard's preexisting projects. The logistical difficulties of living on the mountainside combined with the organizational difficulties of administrating a station at a distance. The men who lived on the mountain were professionally vulnerable, and often cut off from their home observatory both by the weather conditions at their own altitude and local politics on the ground below them. Only when an unbroken line of communication could be established between the mountain station and the Harvard Observatory could the astronomers on both ends work together to create a successful expedition.

Results of evaluating the suitability of certain sections of Western Donbas coal seams, based predominately on properties of coal material, for their further experimental development by means of underground gasification method are represented. Criteria to evaluate both expediency of underground gasification and specific conditions of that process are substantiated basing upon the methodology developed at the National Mining University (Dnipro, Ukraine) together with representatives from National University of Saint Augustine (Arequipa, Peru). The methodology has been industrially approved with the confirmation of its efficiency while developing technical documentation for underground gasification projects: “Project of experimental section of Pidzemgaz station of Pavlogradvuhillia association”, “Feasibility study of the expediency of the construction of Pidzemgaz station” FS 3858-PZ”, Synelnykovo deposit; “Project on experimental underground gas generator”, Monastyryshche deposit, FS of experimental module of UCG station of Solenovske coal-mining area, Donbas. Also, they contain the researches, which were conducted within the project GP – 489, financed by Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine.

High Andean wetlands are fragile systems, vulnerable to human activity and climate change. In the Arequipa region (Peru), there are high Andean lotic and lentic systems currently affected by livestock raising, fish farming, and dams. The aim of the study was to evaluate the aquatic invertebrate community in the Callalli-Oscollo wetlands and the possible impact of human activities. Samples were taken from November 2017 to October 2018 at 4 sampling stations in lotic environments and 2 in lentic environments. Macroinvertebrates were identified to the family level. The following were determined to evaluate community structure: richness, relative abundance, Shannon-Wiener diversity, Simpson dominance, Pielou evenness, and true diversity. The indices ABI, BMWP/Bol and nPeBMWP were applied to evaluate the ecological quality of the environments sampled. Thirty families were recorded in lotic environments, the most abundant being Chironomidae, Naididae, Limnesiidae, Elmidae, Baetidae and Lumbriculidae. The ecological quality was good, except at the station associated to the dam, where it was doubtful. Twenty-six families were recorded in lentic environments, the most abundant being Cyprididae, Naididae and Corixidae. The macroinvertebrate communities in high Andean environments reflect ecosystem conditions. Environments associated to human activity have lower ecological quality.

The purpose of this study is to apply the spectral analysis technique to the aftershocks of the 2001 Arequipa earthquake (Mw=8.4), based on the Fourier and Wavelet transforms.The data corresponds to the world network (IRIS), which has a station called NNA that is located in Peru. Together, 10 records corresponding to replicas registered during a period of 10 days after the main event have been analyzed. The methodology used in this study was based on the SAC software that stands for "Seismic Analysis Code". As a result of the Fourier transform, the fracture radius values obtained are in the range of 0.21 to 1.15km, the stress drop values for the analyzed aftershocks are between 0.60 to 38.08Mpa, the Energy Magnitude is from 3.36 to 4.42Me; for Wavelet: the frequency content which presents the values between 0.18 to 0.30 Hz, The maximum radiated energy between 25.70 to 40.80, the values obtained are in the range of 92.18 to 146.12s. The analysis and comparison of the transforms showed that with the Fourier transform different parameters can be determined by applying spectral analysis, however, with the wavelet transform the maximum radiated energy was determined This study contributes to the literature by finding these parameters of both transforms as it is of vital importance to determine the zones of energy accumulation that would cause earthquakes of great magnitude in the future.

Objective: To determine the relationship between the risk (of continuity or aggravation) of violence and the mental health of women and older adult victims of intimate partner or family violence, respectively, whose cases were reported in a police station in Arequipa, Peru. Methods: Descriptive, correlational and cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 428 people. The risk (of continuity or aggravation) of violence was measured with specific "Risk Assessment Forms" for the study population, validated and used in Peru academically and legally. Mental health was assessed using the Self-Reporting Questionnaire SRQ. SPSS-IBM 24 was used for the analysis, using frequency and contingency tables, with the chi-square statistical test. Results: An association was found between sociodemographic characteristics and mental health with the level of risk of violence, with sex, age, educational level, place of birth, marital status, economic income, occupation and family burden being statistically significant. No significant association was found between the assessment of risk of violence and the presence of at least one psychiatric disorder.Conclusion: It is concluded that in female victims of intimate partner violence and older adult victims of family violence, the level of risk of continuity or aggravation of violence was higher in females, younger, with less independence and economic capacity, with less education or whose marital status was that of cohabitant. Mental health was not different according to the different levels of risk of violence, although 50% had possible psychiatric disorders, predominantly anxiety/depression and psychotic disorders. Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre el riesgo (de continuidad o agravamiento) de violencia y la salud mental de mujeres y adultos mayores víctimas de violencia de pareja o familiar, respectivamente, cuyos casos fueron denunciados en una comisaría de Arequipa, Perú. Método: Estudio descriptivo, correlacional y transversal. La muestra fue de 428 personas. El riesgo (de continuidad o agravamiento) de violencia fue medido con “Fichas de Valoración de Riesgo” específicas para la población de estudio, validadas y utilizadas en el Perú académica y legalmente. La salud mental se evaluó mediante el Cuestionario de Síntomas (Self-Reporting-Questionnaire SRQ). Para el análisis se empleó el SPSS-IBM 24, utilizando tablas de frecuencia y contingencia, siendo la prueba estadística chi-cuadrado. Resultados: Se encontró asociación entre las características sociodemográficas y la salud mental con el nivel de riesgo de violencia, siendo el sexo, edad, grado de instrucción, lugar de nacimiento, estado civil, ingreso económico, ocupación y carga familiar, estadísticamente significativos. No se encontró una asociación significativa entre la valoración de riesgo de violencia y la presencia de al menos un trastorno psiquiátrico.Conclusión: Se concluye que en mujeres víctimas de violencia de pareja y adultos mayores víctimas de violencia familiar, el nivel de riesgo de continuidad o agravamiento de la violencia era mayor en personas de sexo femenino, de menor edad, con menor independencia y capacidad económica, con menor grado de instrucción o cuyo estado civil era de conviviente. La salud mental no sería diferente según los diferentes niveles de riesgo de violencia, a pesar que el 50% tenía posibles trastornos psiquiátricos predominando la ansiedad/depresión y trastornos psicóticos. Objetivo: Determinar a relação entre o risco (de continuidade ou agravamento) de violência e a saúde mental de mulheres e idosos vítimas de violência por parceiro íntimo e familiar, respectivamente, cujos casos foram notificados em uma delegacia de polícia de Arequipa, Peru . Método: Estudo descritivo, correlacional e transversal. A amostra foi de 428 pessoas. O risco (de continuidade ou agravamento) de violência foi medido com "Fichas de Avaliação de Risco" específicas para a população do estudo, validadas e utilizadas acadêmica e legalmente no Peru. A saúde mental foi avaliada por meio do Questionário de Sintomas (Self-Reporting-Questionnaire SRQ). Para a análise, utilizou-se o SPSS-IBM 24, utilizando tabelas de frequência e contingência, com teste estatístico do qui-quadrado. Resultados: Encontrou-se associação entre características sociodemográficas e saúde mental com o nível de risco de violência, sendo estatisticamente significantes sexo, idade, escolaridade, naturalidade, estado civil, renda econômica, ocupação e sobrecarga familiar. Não foi encontrada associação significativa entre a avaliação do risco de violência e a presença de pelo menos um transtorno psiquiátrico. Conclusão: Conclui-se que nas mulheres vítimas de violência por parceiro íntimo e idosas vítimas de violência familiar, o nível de risco de continuidade ou agravamento da violência foi maior no sexo feminino, mais jovem, com menor independência e capacidade econômica, com menor escolaridade ou cujo relacionamento conjugal status era de coabitação. A saúde mental não seria diferente de acordo com os diferentes níveis de risco de violência, apesar de 50% apresentarem possíveis transtornos psiquiátricos, predominantemente ansiedade/depressão e transtornos psicóticos. Palavras-chave: Violência; violência contra a mulher; saúde mental; avaliação de risco.

AbstractPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are robust and abundant molecules in extraterrestrial environments. They are found ubiquitously in the interstellar medium and have been identified in extracts of meteorites collected on Earth. PAHs are important target molecules for planetary exploration missions that investigate the organic inventory of planets, moons and small bodies. This study is part of an interdisciplinary preparation phase to search for organic molecules and life on Mars. We have investigated PAH compounds in desert soils to determine their composition, distribution and stability. Soil samples (Mars analogue soils) were collected at desert areas of Utah in the vicinity of the Mars Desert Research Station (MDRS), in the Arequipa region in Peru and from the Jutland region of Denmark. The aim of this study was to optimize the solid-phase microextraction (SPME) method for fast screening and determination of PAHs in soil samples. This method minimizes sample handling and preserves the chemical integrity of the sample. Complementary liquid extraction was used to obtain information on five- and six-ring PAH compounds. The measured concentrations of PAHs are, in general, very low, ranging from 1 to 60 ng g−1. The texture of soils is mostly sandy loam with few samples being 100 % silt. Collected soils are moderately basic with pH values of 8–9 except for the Salten Skov soil, which is slightly acidic. Although the diverse and variable microbial populations of the samples at the sample sites might have affected the levels and variety of PAHs detected, SPME appears to be a rapid, viable field sampling technique with implications for use on planetary missions.

In the present experimental study, a photovoltaic (PV)-powered system in continuous current (4 kW) for the pumping of water in an isolated, rural agricultural zone in Arequipa—Peru was analyzed. A meteorological station was installed in the studied zone, measuring solar radiation, temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed. The electrical and hydraulic parameters of the solar-pumping system (i.e., electric current, voltage, mass flow, and hydraulic pressure) were measured in order to evaluate the efficiency of the energy transformation processes. The results indicate that, during the year of 2017, the PV pumping system in direct current (DC) functions from 07 h 30 min to 15 h 30 min, during an average of 8 h a day. The PV array, hydraulic, and global efficiencies were evaluated. This allows for the interpretation of efficiency independent of solar irradiance. The efficiency of the PV array and global efficiency remained constant (11.5% f and 8.5%, respectively). The functioning interval of the PV array ranges from 880 W up to 3400 W, making evident the versatility of the system of generation and consumption in DC, which is able to function since solar irradiance is at least 200 W/m2, corresponding to 880 W of PV array power, 27 m of total dynamic head (TDH) and 2 kg/s of mass flow, and 70% hydraulic efficiency. With greater mass flows (6.3 kg/s), the PV array power was 3256 W with a hydraulic efficiency of 55%, a TDH of 30 m, and a peak solar irradiance of 1190 W/m2. When the whole system functions in DC, the efficiencies are superior to those of systems, which operate with DC/alternating current (AC) current inverters.