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Journal articles on the topic 'BOX-BEHNKEN DESIGNS'

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Published: 11 September 2023

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1

Kiwu, Lawrence Chizoba, Desmond Chekwube Bartholomew, Fidelia Chinenye Kiwu-Lawrence, Chukwudi Paul Obite, and Okafor Ikechukwu Boniface. "Evaluating Percentage Rotatability For The Small Box – Behnken Design." Journal of Mathematics and Statistics Studies 2, no. 2 (August 13, 2021): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jmss.2021.2.2.3.

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Rotatability property for the Small Box-Behnken design is discussed in this paper. This paper aimed at applying a measure of obtaining percentage rotatability on the Small Box-Behnken designs to determine if the Small Box-behnken designs are rotatable or not and investigated the extent of rotatability in terms of percentage. The factors, q, considered range from 3 to 11. The results showed that for factors q, the Small Box-Behnken design is rotatable for q = 3 factors, near rotatable for q = 4, 7 factors and not rotatable for q = 5, 6, 8, 9, 10 and 11 factors.
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2

Hinkelmann, Klaus, and Jinnam Jo. "Linear trend-free Box–Behnken designs." Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference 72, no. 1-2 (September 1998): 347–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-3758(98)00042-1.

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3

Rashid, Fareeha, Muhammad Akram, Atif Akbar, and Anum Javed. "Some new augmented fractional Box–Behnken designs." Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods 46, no. 4 (March 23, 2016): 2007–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610926.2015.1032423.

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4

Pham, Tung-Dinh, and Nam-Ky Nguyen. "Small Box–Behnken designs with orthogonal blocks." Statistics & Probability Letters 85 (February 2014): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spl.2013.10.019.

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5

Draper, Norman R., Timothy P. Davis, Lourdes Pozueta, and Daniel M. Grove. "Isolation of Degrees of Freedom for Box-Behnken Designs." Technometrics 36, no. 3 (August 1994): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1269372.

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Draper, Norman R., Timothy P. Davis, Lourdes Pozueta, and Daniel M. Grove. "Isolation of Degrees of Freedom for Box—Behnken Designs." Technometrics 36, no. 3 (August 1994): 283–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00401706.1994.10485805.

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7

Arshad, Hafiz Muhammad, Munir Akhtar, and Steven G. Gilmour. "Augmented Box-Behnken Designs for Fitting Third-Order Response Surfaces." Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods 41, no. 23 (October 10, 2012): 4225–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610926.2011.568154.

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8

Edwards, David J., and Robert W. Mee. "Fractional Box–Behnken Designs for One-Step Response Surface Methodology." Journal of Quality Technology 43, no. 4 (October 2011): 288–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224065.2011.11917866.

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9

Ebrahimi-Najafabadi, Heshmatollah, Riccardo Leardi, and Mehdi Jalali-Heravi. "Experimental Design in Analytical Chemistry—Part I: Theory." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 97, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.sgeebrahimi1.

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Abstract This paper reviews the main concepts of experimental design applicable to the optimization of analytical chemistry techniques. The critical steps and tools for screening, including Plackett-Burman, factorial and fractional factorial designs, and response surface methodology such as central composite, Box-Behnken, and Doehlert designs, are discussed. Some useful routines are also presented for performing the procedures.
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10

Habrat, Witold, Marcin Żółkoś, Janusz Świder, and Elżbieta Socha. "Forces modeling in a surface peripheral grinding process with the use of various design of experiment (DoE)." Mechanik 91, no. 10 (October 8, 2018): 929–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2018.10.165.

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The paper presents forces modeling with the use of DoE models, such as (Box-Wilson) central composite design in face centered variant (CCF) and Box-Behnken design in a surface peripheral grinding process of 100Cr6 steel with M3X60K5VE01-35 grinding wheel. Experiment design and result analysis were done with the use of Design-Expert software. Force models, obtained with application of selected designs of experiment, were compared on the basis of the coefficient of determination, and values of residual standard deviation.
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11

Borkowski, John J. "Spherical Prediction-Variance Properties of Central Composite and Box-Behnken Designs." Technometrics 37, no. 4 (November 1995): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1269732.

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12

Borkowski, John J. "Spherical Prediction-Variance Properties of Central Composite and Box—Behnken Designs." Technometrics 37, no. 4 (November 1995): 399–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00401706.1995.10484373.

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13

Ramaswamy, H. S., C. Chen, S. Sreekanth, S. S. Sablani, and S. O. Prasher. "Neural Network Assisted Experimental Designs for Food Research." Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences [JAMS] 5, no. 2 (June 1, 2000): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jams.vol5iss2pp79-84.

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The ability of artificial neural networks (ANN) in predicting full factorial data from the fractional data corresponding to some of the commonly used experimental designs is explored in this paper. Factorial and fractional factorial designs such as L8, L9, L18, and Box and Behnken schemes were considered both in their original form and with some variations (L8+6, L15 and L9+1). Full factorial (3 factors x 5 levels) and fractional data were generated employing sixteen different mathematical equations (four in each category: linear, with and without interactions, and non-linear, with and without interactions). Different ANN models were trained and the best model was chosen for each equation based on their ability to predict the fractional data. The best experimental design was then chosen based on their ability to simulate the full- factorial data for each equation. In several cases, the mean relative errors with the L18 design (which had more input data than other models) were even higher than with other smaller fractional design. In general, the ANN assisted Lm, Box and Behnken, L15 and L18 designs were found to predict the full factorial data reasonably well with errors less than 5 %. The L8+6 model performed well with several experimental datasets reported in the literature.
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14

Ramaswamy, H. S., C. Chen, S. Sreekanth, S. S. Sablani, and S. O. Prasher. "Neural Network Assisted Experimental Designs for Food Research." Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences [JAMS] 5, no. 2 (June 1, 2000): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jams.vol5iss2pp97-106.

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The ability of artificial neural networks (ANN) in predicting full factorial data from the fractional data corresponding to some of the commonly used experimental designs is explored in this paper. Factorial and fractional factorial designs such as L8, L9, L18, and Box and Behnken schemes were considered both in their original form and with some variations (L8+6, L15 and L9+1). Full factorial (3 factors x 5 levels) and fractional data were generated employing sixteen different mathematical equations (four in each category: linear, with and without interactions, and non-linear, with and without interactions). Different ANN models were trained and the best model was chosen for each equation based on their ability to predict the fractional data. The best experimental design was then chosen based on their ability to simulate the full- factorial data for each equation. In several cases, the mean relative errors with the L18 design (which had more input data than other models) were even higher than with other smaller fractional design. In general, the ANN assisted Lm, Box and Behnken, L15 and L18 designs were found to predict the full factorial data reasonably well with errors less than 5 %. The L8+6 model performed well with several experimental datasets reported in the literature.
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15

Sun, Na Xin, Gui Xiang Zhang, Yue Hui Liu, and Yuan Xiu Wang. "Optimization of Selenium Yeild by Saccharomyces sp. III Using Statistical Designs." Advanced Materials Research 781-784 (September 2013): 1278–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.781-784.1278.

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The objective of the study was to optimize the conditions in a culture medium for the selenium yeild enriched by Saccharomyces sp. III using Plackett-Burman design and Box-Behnken design. The Plackett-Burman multifactorial design was first employed to screen the significant factors in the fermentation for the selenium yeild, and subsequent use of the response surface methodology was further optimized for the selenium yeild by Box-Behnken design. The important factors in the culture medium, identified by the initial screening method of Placket-Burman, were sodium selenite, glucose and the liquid volume. The optimal amounts for maximum selenium yeild were: sodium selenite 15.8 mg/L; glucose 40.2 g/L; the liquid volume 120 mL in 250 mL flask. Using this statistical experimental design, the selenium yeild under optimal condition reached about 1679.32 μg selenium /g dry cell.
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16

Wang, Jinyue, Hongyue Wang, Hongjia Xu, Jinghan Li, Xu Zhang, and Xiangrong Zhang. "Solid lipid nanoparticles as an effective sodium aescinate delivery system: formulation and anti-inflammatory activity." RSC Advances 12, no. 11 (2022): 6583–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra07638h.

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Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) to encapsulate sodium aescinate (SA) were prepared by a double emulsion (DE) technique. SLNs were optimized by orthogonal and Box–Behnken designs. SLNs – SA presented a higher anti-inflammatory activity than free SA.
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17

Wyantuti, Santhy, Ravenna Aristantia, Yeni Wahyuni Hartati, and Husein H. Bahti. "Penerapan Desain Eksperimen Plackett-Burman dan Box-Behnken pada Analisis Voltametri Pulsa Diferensial untuk Penentuan Kadar Senyawa Kompleks Gd-DTPA." ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia 16, no. 1 (February 25, 2020): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.16.1.35166.140-151.

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<p>Gadolinium merupakan salah satu golongan unsur tanah jarang yang menarik karena memiliki sifat paramagnetik yang tinggi. Pengkhelatan gadolinium dengan ligan dietilentriaminpentaasetat (DTPA) menghasilkan senyawa yang berguna dalam bidang kesehatan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menentukan kandungan unsur tanah jarang gadolinium sebagai kompleks dengan ligan DTPA secara voltametri pulsa diferensial dengan penerapan desain eksperimen <em>Plackett-Burman</em> dan <em>Box-Behnken</em>. Desain eksperimen <em>Plackett-Burman</em> digunakan untuk menyeleksi parameter yang memiliki relevansi positif terhadap respon arus. Parameter yang terpilih kemudian dioptimasi melalui desain eksperimen <em>Box-Behnken </em>sehingga diperoleh kondisi optimum tiap parameter. Parameter yang terseleksi meliputi konsentrasi ligan DTPA, waktu deposisi dan waktu kesetimbangan dengan nilai tiap parameter pada kondisi optimum masing-masing yaitu 150, 13 mgL<sup>-1</sup>, 60 detik dan 30 detik. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran pada kondisi optimum didapat nilai presisi dan akurasi untuk kompleks Gd-DTPA yaitu 99,79% dan 93,42% dengan nilai limit deteksi dan kuantisasi untuk kompleks Gd-DTPA yaitu 3,97 mg/L dan 10,71 mg/L.</p><p> </p><p><strong>The Application of Experimental Designs of Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken in Differential Pulse Voltammetry Analysis for Gd-DTPA Complex Detection. </strong>Gadolinium is one of rare earth elements that is interesting because it has high paramagnetic properties. The gadolinium chelating with diethylentriaminpentaacetic acid (DTPA) ligands produces useful compounds in the health field. The purpose of this experiment is to determine amount of gadolinium as complex with DTPA on differential pulse voltammetry by applying Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken experimental design. The method employed experimental design of Plackett-Burman to select factors, which have positive relevance to response. The selected factors are optimized based on experimental design of Box-Behnken to obtain the optimum condition each factors. The selected factors are ligand concentration, deposition time and equilibrium time with optimum value of 150 mgL<sup>-1</sup>, 60 s and 30 s, respectively. Based on the result of measurement at optimum condition, the precision and accuracy value for Gd-DTPA complex is 99.79% and 93.42% with detection and quantization limit value for Gd-DTPA complex is 3.97 mg/L and 10.71 mg/L.</p>
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18

Pavlovic, Bojan, Slobodanka Jovanovic, Ljiljana Prazic-Arsic, Milanka Vico-Stevanovic, and Svetlana Trajkovic. "Optimisation method used for aluminium-based antacid preparation." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 13, no. 2 (2007): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq0702060p.

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The aim of this work was to optimize the rheological properties of AlPO4 suspension, the main ingredient of the antacid preparation - Alfogel. The exact rheological characterisation of the system is very important due to its stability and transportation through the pipe system into the reaction vessel. Box-Behnken design was used to estimate the effect of the concentrations of cations and the content of active pharmaceutical ingredient on the rheological properties of the system. The relationship between one or more response functions and a set of independent variables can be examined by using response surface methods, such as Box-Behnken designs. The concentration of Na+ and Mg2+ ions as well as the content of AIPO4, ranged from the optimum set of conditions to their minimum and maximum values. The viscosity, yield stress point and thixotropy of the colloidal system were used to assess the rheological properties of the AIPO4 suspension. The system was characterised using a second order polynomial mathematical model. The process was optimised and the proposed model was confirmed in laboratory scale experiments.
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19

López, Roberto, Camino Fernández, Fernando J. Pereira, Ana Díez, Jorge Cara, Olegario Martínez, and Marta E. Sánchez. "A Comparison between Several Response Surface Methodology Designs and a Neural Network Model to Optimise the Oxidation Conditions of a Lignocellulosic Blend." Biomolecules 10, no. 5 (May 19, 2020): 787. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10050787.

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In this paper, response surface methodology (RSM) designs and an artificial neural network (ANN) are used to obtain the optimal conditions for the oxy-combustion of a corn–rape blend. The ignition temperature (Te) and burnout index (Df) were selected as the responses to be optimised, while the CO2/O2 molar ratio, the total flow, and the proportion of rape in the blend were chosen as the influencing factors. For the RSM designs, complete, Box–Behnken, and central composite designs were performed to assess the experimental results. By applying the RSM, it was found that the principal effects of the three factors were statistically significant to compute both responses. Only the interactions of the factors on Df were successfully described by the Box–Behnken model, while the complete design model was adequate to describe such interactions on both responses. The central composite design was found to be inadequate to describe the factor interactions. Nevertheless, the three methods predicted the optimal conditions properly, due to the cancellation of net positive and negative errors in the mathematical adjustment. The ANN presented the highest regression coefficient of all methods tested and needed only 20 experiments to reach the best predictions, compared with the 32 experiments needed by the best RSM method. Hence, the ANN was found to be the most efficient model, in terms of good prediction ability and a low resource requirement. Finally, the optimum point was found to be a CO2/O2 molar ratio of 3.3, a total flow of 108 mL/min, and 61% of rape in the biomass blend.
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20

Borkowski, John J. "Minimum, maximum, and average spherical prediction variances for central composite and box-behnken designs." Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods 24, no. 10 (January 1995): 2581–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610929508831634.

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21

Aoki, Satoshi, Takayuki Hibi, and Hidefumi Ohsugi. "Markov–chain Monte Carlo methods for the Box–Behnken designs and centrally symmetric configurations." Journal of Statistical Theory and Practice 10, no. 1 (July 13, 2015): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15598608.2015.1067172.

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22

Whittinghill, Dexter C. "A note on the robustness of Box-Behnken designs to the unavailability of data." Metrika 48, no. 1 (September 30, 1998): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/pl00003971.

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23

Uçurum, Metin, Akın Özdemir, Çağatay Teke, Hüseyin Serencam, and Mümtaz İpek. "Optimization of Adsorption Parameters for Ultra-Fine Calcite Using a Box-Behnken Experimental Design." Open Chemistry 16, no. 1 (October 22, 2018): 992–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/chem-2018-0114.

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AbstractRemoval of heavy metals from wastewater is a significant issue because it prevents environmental-based concerns and impacts a large number of diseases and disorders. Many low-cost natural materials have been offered recently as possible precursors to commercial synthetic adsorbents. Ultra-fine calcite, one of these natural materials, has been investigated as a potential commercial adsorbent. Response surface designs are effective experimental techniques to investigate the heavy metal adsorption capacity of ultra-fine calcite. In the present study, one such response surface design, Box-Behnken, is used in order to optimize adsorption factors, such as pH level, initial metal concentration, stirring rate and adsorption time, and to determine the heavy metal capacity of this adsorbent. Our results show that the proposed methodology is an effective approach to optimizing the adsorption process and to maximize the heavy metal capacity.
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24

Devesa-Rey, Rosa, Elena Arce, Alberto Cartelle, and Andrés Suárez-García. "Use of Plackett–Burman and Box–Behnken Designs to Optimize Bioelectricity Production from Winery Residues." Water 15, no. 17 (August 25, 2023): 3051. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15173051.

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This study aimed to estimate the bioelectricity production process using a vinasse solution through the application of Plackett–Burman and Box–Behnken designs. An electrochemical cell was constructed using Arduino to measure the potential difference between an anode and cathode immersed in a vinasse solution, which is a byproduct of wine production containing organic compounds and ions that undergo redox reactions. The Plackett–Burman design identified the most influential variables among eight previously selected (concentration of the electrolyte, pH, temperature, stirring, addition of NaCl, yeast dose and electrode:solution ratio). The results showed that the most influencing variables were the vinasse concentration and stirring and a peak of 306 mV could be observed for a 100 mL experiment. The third most influential variable regarding the process was NaCl addition, which showed its high influence at larger times. Based on these results, the Box–Behnken design was used to determine the possible ranges of variation of the independent variables (vinasse concentration, stirring and NaCl dose) to maximize the bioelectricity production. Therefore, with the combination of the intermediate concentrated vinasse (1:3 v/v ratio) and stirring, a peak of 431.1 mV could be observed when adding 2% NaCl after 15 min of the experiment. In what concerns the instant bioelectricity, measured after 1 min of the experiment, values up to 437.9 mV could be observed although yeast and/or NaCl are necessary at short times. This study provides insights into the bioelectricity production process from vinasse, contributing to the understanding and potential for sustainable energy generation.
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25

Beltagy, Ehab A., and Reham G. Elkomy. "PRODUCTION OF EXTRACELLULAR HALOPHILIC AMYLASE BY MARINE CYANOBACTERIUM OSCILLATORIA ACUTISSIMA." Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University 56, no. 4 (August 30, 2021): 709–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.56.4.60.

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This study aimed at the amylase production using seawater instead of fresh water. Amylase is one of the most important enzymes and is very important for biotechnology. Versatile applications of amylase in many industries make optimization of the manufacturing process to achieve maximum yield is in need. Amylase is a widely used and sought-after industrial enzyme. The current research paper describes the production conditions of extracellular amylase from Oscillatoria acutissima. The marine cyanobacterium Oscillatoria acutissima culture was statistically optimized using Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken designs, under submerged fermentation conditions, for optimum amylase production and activity conditions. The verified Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken designs results showed that the starch degradation and incubation period improved significantly from 53% to 99% and from 18th to 12th days incubation period, respectively, with pH = 7 at temperature 35°C. SDS-PAGE resolved the molecular weight of partially purified amylase at 72 kilodalton. This research work suggested that marine cyanobacterium Oscillatoria acutissima could be a potential source of halophilic amylase enzyme needed for various industrial processes. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of a few studies on cyanobacteria since while and the first report on amylase production by marine cyanobacterium Oscillatoria acutissima.
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26

Beltagy, Ehab A., and Reham G. Elkomy. "PRODUCTION OF EXTRACELLULAR HALOPHILIC AMYLASE BY MARINE CYANOBACTERIUM OSCILLATORIA ACUTISSIMA." Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University 56, no. 4 (August 30, 2021): 709–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.56.4.60.

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This study aimed at the amylase production using seawater instead of fresh water. Amylase is one of the most important enzymes and is very important for biotechnology. Versatile applications of amylase in many industries make optimization of the manufacturing process to achieve maximum yield is in need. Amylase is a widely used and sought-after industrial enzyme. The current research paper describes the production conditions of extracellular amylase from Oscillatoria acutissima. The marine cyanobacterium Oscillatoria acutissima culture was statistically optimized using Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken designs, under submerged fermentation conditions, for optimum amylase production and activity conditions. The verified Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken designs results showed that the starch degradation and incubation period improved significantly from 53% to 99% and from 18th to 12th days incubation period, respectively, with pH = 7 at temperature 35°C. SDS-PAGE resolved the molecular weight of partially purified amylase at 72 kilodalton. This research work suggested that marine cyanobacterium Oscillatoria acutissima could be a potential source of halophilic amylase enzyme needed for various industrial processes. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of a few studies on cyanobacteria since while and the first report on amylase production by marine cyanobacterium Oscillatoria acutissima.
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27

Elazazy, Marwa S., Marwa El-Hamshary, Marwa Sakr, and Hala S. Al-Easa. "Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken designs as chemometric tools for micro-determination of l-Ornithine." Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 193 (March 2018): 397–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2017.12.044.

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28

Yang, Shangying, Ying Li, Dongying Jia, Kai Yao, and Weijuan Liu. "The synergy of Box-Behnken designs on the optimization of polysaccharide extraction from mulberry leaves." Industrial Crops and Products 99 (May 2017): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.01.024.

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29

Alao, A. R., and M. Konneh. "Application of Taguchi and Box-Behnken designs for surface roughness in precision grinding of silicon." International Journal of Precision Technology 2, no. 1 (2011): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijptech.2011.038107.

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Tan, Bernice Mei Jin, Justin Yong Soon Tay, Poh Mun Wong, Lai Wah Chan, and Paul Wan Sia Heng. "Investigation of the milling capabilities of the F10 Fine Grind mill using Box-Behnken designs." European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics 89 (January 2015): 208–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.12.007.

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31

Raillard, Cécile, Audrey Maudhuit, Valérie Héquet, Laurence Le Coq, Jean Sablayrolles, and Laurent Molins. "Use of Experimental Designs to Establish a Kinetic Law for a Gas Phase Photocatalytic Process." International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijcre-2014-0012.

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Abstract The photocatalytic degradation of three common indoor VOCs – acetone, toluene and heptane – is investigated in a dynamic photocatalytic oxidation loop using Box–Behnken designs of experiments. Thanks to the experimental results and the establishment of a kinetic rate law based on a simplified mechanism, a predictive model for the VOC degradation involving independent factors is developed. The parameters under investigation are initial concentration, light intensity and air velocity through the photocatalytic medium. The obtained model fits properly the experimental curves in the range of concentration, light intensity and air flow studied.
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32

Saraphirom, Piyawadee, Mullika Teerakul, and Manit Anyabho. "Enhancement of Hydrogen Production from Sugarcane Bagasse by Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumonia DSM 30104(T) Using Statistical Methods." Key Engineering Materials 757 (October 2017): 146–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.757.146.

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This study employed statistically based experimental designs to optimize environmental factors for H2 production from sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate by K. pneumoniae subsp. Pneumonia DSM 30104(T) isolated from wastewater sludge using statistical method. The 12 runs of Plackett-Burman design were used to classify important factors influencing the H2 production from sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate by K. pneumonia subsp. pneumonia DSM 30104(T). Mutual interaction between the significant factor and their optimal values that brought the maximum H2 production (mL H2/L) were further investigated using Box-Behnken design of response surface method. Experimental results indicated that yeast extract, ammonium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, iron (II) sulfate and total sugar of sugarcane bagasse had an interdependent effect on the maximum H2 production while only interaction effect between yeast extract and calcium chloride had statistically significant (P≤0.05) influences on the maximum H2 production. Optimal conditions for the predicted maximal H2 production were 7.50 g/L yeast extract, 0.50 g/L ammonium chloride, 15.0 g/L potassium chloride, 0.75 g/L calcium chloride, and 10.0 g/L total sugar. At the optimal condition, the maximum H2 production of 277 mL H2/L was estimated from Box-Behnken design that more than 9 times compared to Plackett-Burman design. The highest ratio of butyric acid to acetic acid (B/A ratio) of 1.47 was indicated the high performance of H2 fermentation of sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate by K. pneumoniae subsp. Pneumonia DSM 30104(T) under the optimal condition obtained.
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33

Tan, C. X., V.-L. Wong, and S. P. Yeap. "Optimization of aniline removal using graphite assisted by response surface methodology and box-behnken design." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1257, no. 1 (October 1, 2022): 012042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1257/1/012042.

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Abstract The effectiveness of graphite as adsorbent in the removal of aniline by adsorption was investigated in batch mode based on four manipulated variables: pH of aniline solution (3, 7, 11), temperature of the incubator shaker (30°C, 40°C, 50°C), initial aniline concentration (5 ppm, 15 ppm, 25 ppm) and graphite dosage (0.5 g, 1.5 g, 2.5 g). The four manipulated variables were studied systematically through responses surface methodology (RSM) with 4-level of Box-Behnken design. A total number of 27 sets of designs with 3 centre points were created. The peak wavelengths of aniline working samples were measured at 230 nm and 280 nm using spectrophotometric method. Optimal condition of aniline adsorption revealed 15 ppm of aniline concentration with pH 3 at temperature 40°C using 1.5 g of graphite. The surface morphologies and atomic percentage of fresh and used graphite were examined by FESEM-EDX. Ultimately, graphite is proven to be an alternative in aniline removal, and more importantly, it is accessible easily as they require less processing and are abundant in nature.
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Auysakul, Jutamanee, Apidet Booranawong, Nitipan Vittayaphadung, and Pruittikorn Smithmaitrie. "An Optimized Design of the Soft Bellow Actuator Based on the Box–Behnken Response Surface Design." Actuators 12, no. 7 (July 24, 2023): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act12070300.

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Soft actuator technology is extensively utilized in robotic manipulation applications. However, several existing designs of soft actuators suffer from drawbacks such as a complex casting process, a multi-air chamber configuration, and insufficient grasping force. In this study, we propose a novel soft bellow design featuring a single air chamber, which simplifies the fabrication process of the actual model. To enhance the performance of the proposed design, we employ the Box–Behnken response surface design to generate a design matrix for implementing different levels of design factors in the finite element model. The FEA response is then subjected to an analysis of variance to identify significant factors and establish a regression model for deformation and stress response prediction. Among the considered responses, the wall thickness emerges as the most influential factor, followed by the divided ratio of radians and the number of bellows. Validation of the optimized soft bellow actuator’s deformation response is performed through comparison with experimental data. Moreover, the soft bellow actuator is capable of exerting a pulling force of 8.16 N when used in conjunction with a simple gripper structure design, enabling effective object manipulation. Additionally, the soft bellow design boasts cost-effectiveness and easy moldability, facilitating seamless integration with different gripper frames for diverse applications. Its simplicity and versatility make it a promising choice for various robotic manipulation tasks.
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Wyantuti, S., F. W. Harahap, Y. W. Hartati, and M. L. Firdaus. "Application of Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken experimental designs in differential voltammetry for determining Gadolinium concentration." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1731 (January 2021): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1731/1/012017.

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Shukla, Lokesh, and Anita Nishkam. "Performance Optimization, Prediction, and Adequacy by Response Surfaces Methodology with Allusion to DRF Technique." ISRN Textiles 2014 (March 4, 2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/634041.

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The RSM introduces statistically designed experiments for the purpose of making inferences from data. The second-order model is the most frequently used approximating polynomial model in RSM. The most common designs for the second-order model are the 3k factorial, Doehlert, Box-Behnken, and CCD. In this Box and Behnken design of three variables is selected as a representative of RSM and 70 : 30 polyester-wool DRF yarn knitted fabrics samples as a process representative. The survey reveals that second-order model is the most frequently used approximating polynomial model in RSM. The Box-Behnken is the most suited design for optimization and prediction of data in textile manufacturing and this model is well-suited for DRF technique yarn knitted fabric. The trend was as higher wool fiber length shows higher fabric weight, abrasion, and bursting strength, correlation of TM was not visible; however, role of strands spacing is found dominant in comparison to other variables; at 14 mm spacing it shows optimum behaviors. The optimum values were weight (gms/mt2) 206 at length 75 mm, TM 2.5 and 14 mm spacing, abrasion (cycles) 1325 at length 70 mm, TM 2.25 and 14 mm spacing, bursting (kg/cm2) 14.35 at length 70 mm, and TM 2.00 and 18 mm spacing. A selected variables, fiber length, TM, and strand spacing, have substantial influence. The adequacies of response surface equations are very high. The line trends of knitted fabric basic characteristics were almost the same for actual and predicted models. The difference (%) was in range of 1.21 to −1.45, 2.01 to −7.26, and 17.84 to −6.61, the accuracy (%) was in range of 101.45 to 98.79, 107.27 to 97.99, and 106.61 to 82.16, and the Discrepancy Factor (R-Factor) was noted to be 0.016, 0.002, and 0.229 for weight, abrasion, and bursting, respectively, between actual and predicted data. The L-estimation factors for actual and predicted data were that (i) the ratio were in range of 1.01 to 0.99, 1.02 to 0.93, and 1.22 to 0.94 for weight, abrasion, and bursting, respectively, (ii) the multiple-ratio was in range of 1.26 to 0.86, (iii) the ratio product was in range of 1.22 to 0.92, and (iv) the toting ratio was in range of 1.02 to 0.94.
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Marzouki, Maryam, Basma Samet, and Hassib Tounsi. "Application of Plackett–Burman and Box-Behnken designs for the optimization of Tunisian dam sediment-based geopolymers." Journal of Building Engineering 50 (June 2022): 104162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2022.104162.

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Michaux, Florentin, Cédric Carteret, Marie-José Stébé, and Jean-Luc Blin. "Investigation of properties of mesoporous silica materials based on nonionic fluorinated surfactant using Box–Behnken experimental designs." Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 174 (July 2013): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2013.03.008.

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Djenouhat, Meriem, Farida Bendebane, Lynda Bahloul, Mohamed E. H. Samar, and Fadhel Ismail. "Optimization of methylene blue removal by stable emulsified liquid membrane using Plackett–Burman and Box–Behnken designs of experiments." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 2 (February 2018): 171220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171220.

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The stability of an emulsified liquid membrane composed of Span80 as a surfactant, D2EHPA as an extractant and sulfuric acid as an internal phase was first studied according to different diluents and many operating parameters using the Plackett–Burman design of experiments. Then the removal of methylene blue from an aqueous solution has been carried out using this emulsified liquid membrane at its stability conditions. The effects of operating parameters were analysed from the Box–Behnken design of experiments. The optimization of the extraction has been realized applying the response surface methodology and the results showed that the dye extraction yielding 98.72% was achieved at optimized conditions.
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André Prates, Pedro, Armando Eusébio Marques, Micael Frias Borges, Ricardo Madeira Branco, and Fernando Ventura Antunes. "Numerical Study on the Variability of Plastic CTOD." Materials 13, no. 6 (March 11, 2020): 1276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13061276.

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This paper presents a numerical study on the influence of material parameters and loading variability in the plastic crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) results. For this purpose, AA7050-T6 was selected as reference material and a middle-cracked tension specimen geometry was considered. The studied input parameters were the Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, isotropic and kinematic hardening parameters and the maximum and minimum applied loads. The variability of the input parameters follows a Gaussian distribution. First, screening design-of-experiments were performed to identify the most influential parameters. Two types of screening designs were considered: one-factor-at-a-time and fractional factorial designs. Three analysis criteria were adopted, based on: main effect, index of influence and analysis of variance. Afterwards, metamodels were constructed to establish relationships between the most influential parameters and the plastic crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) range, based on two types of designs: Face-Centered Central Composite Design and Box-Behnken design. Finally, the metamodels were validated, enabling the expeditious evaluation of the variability in the plastic CTOD range; in addition, the variability in the fatigue crack growth rate was also evaluated.
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Botha, Natasha, Helen M. Inglis, Roelof Coetzer, and F. Johan W. J. Labuschagne. "Statistical Design of Experiments: An introductory case study for polymer composites manufacturing applications." MATEC Web of Conferences 347 (2021): 00028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202134700028.

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Statistical design of experiments (DoE) aims to develop a near efficient design while minimising the number of experiments required. This is an optimal approach especially when there is a need to investigate multiple variables. DoE is a powerful methodology for a wide range of applications, from the efficient design of manufacturing processes to the accurate evaluation of global optima in numerical studies. The contribution of this paper is to provide a general introduction to statistical design of experiments for a non-expert audience, with the aim of broadening exposure in the applied mechanics community. We focus on response surface methodology (RSM) designs — Taguchi Design, Central Composite Design, Box-Behnken Design and D-optimal Design. These different RSM designs are compared in the context of a case study from the field of polymer composites. The results demonstrate that an exact D-optimal design is generally considered to be a good design when compared to the global D-optimal design. That is, it requires fewer experiments while retaining acceptable efficiency measures for all three response surface models considered. This paper illustrates the benefits of DoE, demonstrates the importance of evaluating different designs, and provides an approach to choose the design best suited for the problem of interest.
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Abdulra'uf, Lukman Bola, Ala Yahya Sirhan, and Guan Huat Tan. "Applications of Experimental Design to the Optimization of Microextraction Sample Preparation Parameters for the Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Fruits and Vegetables." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 98, no. 5 (September 1, 2015): 1171–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.sge3abdulrauf.

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Abstract Sample preparation has been identified as the most important step in analytical chemistry and has been tagged as the bottleneck of analytical methodology. The current trend is aimed at developing cost-effective, miniaturized, simplified, and environmentally friendly sample preparation techniques. The fundamentals and applications of multivariate statistical techniques for the optimization of microextraction sample preparation and chromatographic analysis of pesticide residues are described in this review. The use of Placket-Burman, Doehlert matrix, and Box-Behnken designs are discussed. As observed in this review, a number of analytical chemists have combined chemometrics and microextraction techniques, which has helped to streamline sample preparation and improve sample throughput.
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Razola-Díaz, María del Carmen, Vito Verardo, Beatriz Martín-García, Elixabet Díaz-de-Cerio, Belén García-Villanova, and Eduardo Jesús Guerra-Hernández. "Establishment of Acid Hydrolysis by Box–Behnken Methodology as Pretreatment to Obtain Reducing Sugars from Tiger Nut Byproducts." Agronomy 10, no. 4 (March 31, 2020): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10040477.

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Carbohydrate-rich byproducts may be used as a growth substrate for microalgae. The tiger nut, compared to other tubers, has higher carbohydrate content, which mostly remain in the byproduct after the production of tiger nut milk (“Horchata”). The aim of this study is the optimization of a hydrolysis pre-treatment in tiger nut byproduct to obtain reducing sugars, objective framed in the European SUSPUFA (Sustainable production of health-promoting n-3 LC-PUFA using agro-food industry by-products through microalgae) Project. Two experimental 4-factor Box–Behnken designs (acid concentration (N), temperature (°C), time (min) and ratio acid/sample) were carried out with 27 experiments to optimize chemical hydrolysis conditions with H2SO4 and H3PO4 in duplicate. The sugars were determined by the Schoorl method and the extracts obtained by the optimal conditions were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Protected designation of origin (PDO) and non-protected designation of origin (n-PDO) tiger nut byproducts were characterized by physicochemical methods. The validity of the experimental designs was confirmed by ANOVA. The optimum sugar values were obtained with H2SO4 2 N at 85 °C, 60 min and ratio 60 and H3PO4 21 N at 90 °C, 60 min and ratio 60. Glucose and xylose were the sugars detected in the hydrolyzed samples. In conclusion, almost 50% of the total carbohydrates present in the tiger nut byproduct were hydrolyzed to reducing sugars.
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Utami, M. R., T. Kusumaningsih, M. Firdaus, and A. Istiqomah. "Optimization of edible film based on chitosan-L-lysine incorporating cinnamon essential oil using response surface methodology." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2190, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 012026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2190/1/012026.

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Abstract An effective antibacterial edible film made from chitosan-l-lysine incorporating cinnamon essential oil were developed. This study aims to optimize the effectiveness of chitosan, L-lysine, and Cinnamon essential oil concentration to against some foodborne pathogens using a Box-Behnken designs (BBDs) with Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Based on the statistical analysis, L-lysine and cinnamon essential oil has the significance effect to against the foodborne pathogens (Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis) proved by the p value<0.5 and the increase of bacteria in inhibition zone. The result showed the optimum formulation of edible film is chitosan 0.71g, L-lysine 0.5g, and Cinnamon essential oil 0.75ml.
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Czyrski, Andrzej, and Hubert Jarzębski. "Response Surface Methodology as a Useful Tool for Evaluation of the Recovery of the Fluoroquinolones from Plasma—The Study on Applicability of Box-Behnken Design, Central Composite Design and Doehlert Design." Processes 8, no. 4 (April 17, 2020): 473. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8040473.

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The aim of this study was to find the best design that is suitable for optimizing the recovery of the representatives of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th generation of fluoroquinolones. The following designs were applied: Central Composite Design, Box–Behnken Design and Doehlert Design. The recovery, which was a dependent variable, was estimated for liquid–liquid extraction. The time of shaking, pH, and the volume of the extracting agent (dichloromethane) were the independent variables. All results underwent the statistical analysis (ANOVA), which indicated Central Composite Design as the best model for evaluation of the recovery. For each analyte, an equation was generated that enabled to estimate the theoretical value for the applied conditions. The graphs for these equations were provided by the Response Surface Methodology. The statistical analysis also estimated the most significant factors that have an impact on the liquid–liquid extraction, which occurred to be pH for ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin and the volume of an extracting solvent for levofloxacin.
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Bouazza, Ghariba, Salah Souabi, Abdelaziz Madinzi, and El Houssine Chatria. "OPTIMIZATION OF THE COLOR CORRESPONDING TO THE DIFFERENT ABSORBENCIES OF TANNERY WASTEWATER BY RESPONSE SURFACE DESIGNS." Water Conservation & Management 6, no. 2 (2022): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/wcm.02.2022.99.106.

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The control of pollutant discharges, during the treatment of wastewater from tanneries, is the main task to restore the ecological environment and minimize the time and cost. In this work, we performed experiments concerning the treatment of industrial discharges from a tannery located in the city of Mohammedia-Morocco. An optimization study will be presented to model and optimize the corresponding absorbances at the following wavelengths: 436 nm, 525nm and 620 nm, using the most influential factors such as coagulant, pH and flocculant. In order to minimize the number of experiments performed, the Box-Behnken response surface design was applied. Quadratic models characterizing the three absorbances studied during the treatment will be obtained. The statistical, graphical and algebraic characteristics will be presented. A perfect agreement between the theoretical and experimental results has been established, with a very good performance in the depollution of treated wastewater.
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Tian, Zhiliang, Lizhen Hou, Miao Hu, Yaxin Gao, Danfeng Li, Bei Fan, Fengzhong Wang, and Shuying Li. "Optimization of Sporulation Conditions for Bacillus subtilis BSNK-5." Processes 10, no. 6 (June 6, 2022): 1133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10061133.

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Bacillus subtilis spores have important biological applications; however, high spore-cell densities and sporulation efficiencies in fermentation is poorly reported. This study systematically analyzed the spore densities and formation efficiency of B. subtilis BSNK-5 in different culture substrates. A response surface regression equation was established based on the results of single factor and Box–Behnken experimental designs. The optimal medium formulation, as predicted from the equation, consisted of soluble starch at 3 g·L−1, soybean flour at 12 g·L−1, and MgSO4 at 5 g·L−1. The spore yield reached 2.43 × 109 CFU·mL−1, and the sporulation rate was 83.3%, which was nearly three times higher than before optimization using an optimized medium at 36 °C and 200 rpm for 60 h.
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Goemaere, Ilia, Deep Punj, Aranit Harizaj, Jessica Woolston, Sofie Thys, Karen Sterck, Stefaan C. De Smedt, Winnok H. De Vos, and Kevin Braeckmans. "Response Surface Methodology to Efficiently Optimize Intracellular Delivery by Photoporation." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 4 (February 5, 2023): 3147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043147.

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Photoporation is an up-and-coming technology for the gentle and efficient transfection of cells. Inherent to the application of photoporation is the optimization of several process parameters, such as laser fluence and sensitizing particle concentration, which is typically done one factor at a time (OFAT). However, this approach is tedious and runs the risk of missing a global optimum. Therefore, in this study, we explored whether response surface methodology (RSM) would allow for more efficient optimization of the photoporation procedure. As a case study, FITC-dextran molecules of 500 kDa were delivered to RAW264.7 mouse macrophage-like cells, making use of polydopamine nanoparticles (PDNPs) as photoporation sensitizers. Parameters that were varied to obtain an optimal delivery yield were PDNP size, PDNP concentration and laser fluence. Two established RSM designs were compared: the central composite design and the Box-Behnken design. Model fitting was followed by statistical assessment, validation, and response surface analysis. Both designs successfully identified a delivery yield optimum five- to eight-fold more efficiently than when using OFAT methodology while revealing a strong dependence on PDNP size within the design space. In conclusion, RSM proves to be a valuable approach to efficiently optimize photoporation conditions for a particular cell type.
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Oramahi, Hasan Ashari, Tsuyoshi Yoshimura, Elvi Rusmiyanto, and Kustiati Kustiati. "Optimization and Characterization of Wood Vinegar Produced by Shorea laevis Ridl Wood Pyrolysis." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 20, no. 4 (June 10, 2020): 825. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.45783.

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In this study, the Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was employed to investigate the effects of wood particle size, pyrolysis temperature, and pyrolysis time on the production of wood vinegar from Indonesia “bengkirai” wood (Shorea laevis Ridl). Characterization of wood vinegar was conducted by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Three variable designs consisting of wood particle size (2.00, 2.38, and 3.36 mm), pyrolysis temperature (350, 400, and 450 °C), and pyrolysis time (105, 120, and 135 min) were employed in a BBD response surface methodology (RSM-BBD). RSM-BBD results suggested that maximum wood vinegar yield would be obtained with a wood particle size of 3.85 mm, pyrolysis temperature of 400 °C, and pyrolysis time of 93 min. In addition, the mathematical model indicated the maximum wood vinegar yield would be 30.31%. The main compounds in wood vinegar were acetic acid, 1-hydroxy-2-propanone, furfural, 2,3-pentanedione, phenol, 2-methoxy phenol, 2-methoxy-4-methyl phenol, 2,6-dimethoxy phenol, and 1,2,4-trimethoxybenzene.
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Bahraminasab, Marjan, Ali Jahan, Barkawi Sahari, Manohar Arumugam, Mahmoud Shamsborhan, and Mohd Roshdi Hassan. "Using Design of Experiments Methods for Assessing Peak Contact Pressure to Material Properties of Soft Tissue in Human Knee." Journal of Medical Engineering 2013 (September 8, 2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/891759.

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Contact pressure in the knee joint is a key element in the mechanisms of knee pain and osteoarthritis. Assessing the contact pressure in tibiofemoral joint is a challenging mechanical problem due to uncertainty in material properties. In this study, a sensitivity analysis of tibiofemoral peak contact pressure to the material properties of the soft tissue was carried out through fractional factorial and Box-Behnken designs. The cartilage was modeled as linear elastic material, and in addition to its elastic modulus, interaction effects of soft tissue material properties were added compared to previous research. The results indicated that elastic modulus of the cartilage is the most effective factor. Interaction effects of axial/radial modulus with elastic modulus of cartilage, circumferential and axial/radial moduli of meniscus were other influential factors. Furthermore this study showed how design of experiment methods can help designers to reduce the number of finite element analyses and to better interpret the results.
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