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Journal articles on the topic 'Bovine urine'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Ghoneim, Enass M., Mona A. El-Attar, and Mohamed M. Ghoneim. "Adsorptive Cathodic Stripping Voltammetric Determination of Dexamethasone in Formulations and Biological Fluids." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 92, no. 2 (March 1, 2009): 597–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/92.2.597.

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Abstract The electrochemical behavior of dexamethasone at a hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) in a universal buffer series of pH 210 was studied using cyclic voltammetry. Based on the interfacial adsorptive character of dexamethasone onto the HMDE (electrode surface coverage 1.4 1010mol/cm2), a fully validated simple square-wave adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetric method is described for its determination in bulk form with a limit of detection (LOD) of 3.1 109 M. The described method was successfully applied to analysis of dexamethasone in its pharmaceutical formulations (deltasone tablets and fortecortin ampule) and in spiked samples of human urine, bovine urine, and protein-free bovine milk. The achieved LODs of dexamethasone in human urine, bovine urine, and protein-free bovine milk were 1.5 108, 2 108, and 9 109 M, respectively. The mean percentage recoveries of 4 107 M dexamethasone in bulk form, spiked human urine, bovine urine, and bovine milk, based on the average of 3 replicate measurements, were 99.8 0.25, 100.4 0.96, 99.6 0.79, and 100.1 0.26, respectively.

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2

Freitas, Julio Cesar de, Francielle Gibson da Silva, Rosângela Claret de Oliveira, Ádina Cléia Botazzo Delbem, Ernst Eckehardt Müller, Lucimara Aparecida Alves, and Paulo Sergio Teles. "Isolation of Leptospira spp from dogs, bovine and swine naturally infected." Ciência Rural 34, no. 3 (June 2004): 853–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782004000300030.

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Leptospira isolation allows definitive diagnosis of the infection. Contamination by microorganisms is one of the inconveniences of the culture. The objective of this study was to describe the isolation of Leptospira from dogs, bovine and swine naturally infected. Urine samples from 14 dogs and three bovines, and kidney, liver, ovary, and uterus body samples from 36 slaughtered sows with unknown health history, were used. The urine and organ samples were cultured in culture medium. Modified Ellinghausen-McCullough-Johnson-Harris medium (EMJH) culture medium was used with addition of 5-fluorouracil, chloramphenicol, vancomycin, nalidixic acid and neomycin. Incubation was performed at 28oC for 24 hours, followed by subculture in modified EMJH without antibiotics. The cultures were assessed weekly for up to eight weeks for the dog and swine samples and for up to 16 weeks for the bovine samples. With this methodology, Leptospira spp could be isolated from 11 dogs, two bovines and liver fragments from two sows.

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3

Osheim, David L., and Mary C. Rasmusson. "Determination of Fluoride in Bovine Urine." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 81, no. 4 (July 1, 1998): 839–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/81.4.839.

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Abstract Fluoride concentration in bovine urine is determined by using a selective ion electrode. Urine is buffered and measured against known fluoride (F) standards. The method is applicable to 2 to 40 mg F/L without further dilution. Typical normal urine contains less than 10 mg F/L. Concentrations greater than 10 mg/L support a clinical diagnosis of fluorosis in cattle. Repeatability coefficient of variation (CV) ranged from 1.6 to 3.5℅ for F concentrations of 3.2-13 mg/L. Reproducibility CV ranged from 0.3 to 7.3℅ for F concentrations of 7.0-17.2 mg/L.

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4

Woźniak, Barbara, Sebastian Witek, Jan Żmudzki, and Alicja Kłopot. "Natural Occurrence of Thiouracil in Urine of Livestock in Poland." Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy 56, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 611–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10213-012-0108-z.

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Abstract Natural occurrence of thiouracil in bovine and swine urine in Poland was investigated. Under the national residue control programme, 537 urine samples were tested. In 77 samples (14.3%) thiouracil was detected above decision limit CCα (0.91 μg L-1), including eight samples over the recommended concentration of 10 μg L-1. Of the bovine urine samples, 95 and 99 percentiles have thiouracil concentration below 4.50 and 14.85 μg L-1 ,and of porcine samples below 2.35 and 6.80 μg L-1, respectively.

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5

Lambie, S. M., N. W. H. Mason, and P. L. Mudge. "Priming of carbon decomposition in 27 dairy grazed soils after bovine urine additions." Soil Research 60, no. 2 (November 4, 2021): 124–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr20313.

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Context Soil organic matter (SOM) plays a vital role in carbon (C) storage and agricultural sustainability. Additions of bovine urine to soils can cause positive priming of soil C decomposition and represents a pathway for SOM loss. However, data is limited to a few soils. Aims We investigated the priming response to bovine urine of 27 dairy grazed pasture soils from the North Island of New Zealand. Methods Soils from Allophanic, Gley, Recent and Brown soil orders were collected. 14C-labelled dairy cow urine was applied (1000 kg N ha−1) to undisturbed soil cores and carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes measured (25°C) for 21 days. Urine applications were repeated, and CO2 measured for a further 21 days (25°C). Water was the control treatment. Key results CO2 fluxes rapidly increased after both urine additions by 86 ± 1% 24 h after the first urine addition, and 68 ± 4% after the second. Positive, negative and no priming were observed, and the mean absolute deviation of priming ranged between 200 and 1000 μg C g−1, and variability was greater after the second urine addition. Urine induced changes in pH and electrical conductivity (EC) had no effect on priming, and soil C contents were correlated to cumulative CO2, but not priming, and varied over time. Conclusions Factors affecting soil priming remain elusive and priming was highly variable within and between soil types. Implications The impacts of bovine urine on C pools requires further investigation to determine if, or when, urine patches are potential pathways for soil C loss.

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6

Lambie, S. M., N. W. H. Mason, and P. L. Mudge. "Bovine urine inhibits microbial function and increases urea turnover in dairy grazed soils." Soil Research 57, no. 5 (2019): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr18257.

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Effects of bovine urine on microbial functional attributes within the carbon (C) cycle have not previously been investigated. The magnitude of urine effects on microbial populations may be mediated by the ability of a soil to buffer changes to pH and electrical conductivity (EC) in response to urine. We examined changes in the metabolism of C substrates by microbial communities subsequent to treatment with dairy cow urine in 27 dairy grazed soils across four soil orders. Untreated soils (baseline) and soil treated with urine or water were incubated (25°C) for 21 days then assessed for microbial function using MicroResp™. Urine addition decreased functional capacity, microbial diversity, and microbial biomass C at 21 days after urine addition, but did not affect basal respiration, compared with the water control. Urine addition also led to a shift in community-level physiological profiles. There were no indirect effects of soil pH or EC buffering capacity on the functional microbial parameters measured. Urine addition increased the utilisation of urea and may be a factor in losses of fertiliser nitrogen in dairy systems. The length of time that urine depresses catabolic function could have important implications for long-term soil organic matter cycling under urine patches.

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7

Healy, P. J., and J. A. Dennis. "Molecular heterogeneity for bovine maple syrup urine disease." Animal Genetics 25, no. 5 (April 24, 2009): 329–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2052.1994.tb00366.x.

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8

Vanden Bussche, J., S. S. Sterk, H. F. De Brabander, M. H. Blokland, Y. Deceuninck, B. Le Bizec, and L. Vanhaecke. "Thyreostatic drugs, stability in bovine and porcine urine." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 403, no. 10 (February 16, 2012): 2973–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-012-5739-7.

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9

Regiart, Matías, Sirley V. Pereira, Viviana G. Spotorno, Franco A. Bertolino, and Julio Raba. "Food safety control of zeranol through voltammetric immunosensing on Au–Pt bimetallic nanoparticle surfaces." Analyst 139, no. 18 (2014): 4702–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4an00686k.

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10

de Rijke, Eva, Paul W. Zoontjes, Danny Samson, Sabrina Oostra, Saskia S. Sterk, and Leendert A. van Ginkel. "Investigation of the presence of prednisolone in bovine urine." Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A 31, no. 4 (March 3, 2014): 605–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2013.878479.

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11

Pitardi, Danilo, Barbara Cini, Maurizio Paleologo, Abraham Brouwer, Peter Behnisch, Sander van der Linden, Marco Vincenti, et al. "Effect-based detection of synthetic glucocorticoids in bovine urine." Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A 32, no. 2 (January 8, 2015): 194–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2014.996788.

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12

Pedersen, Mikael, Henrik L. Frandsen, and Jens H. Andersen. "Optimised deconjugation of androgenic steroid conjugates in bovine urine." Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A 34, no. 4 (January 20, 2017): 482–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2016.1276637.

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13

van der Merwe, Pieter J., and Jacobus W. Pieterse. "Stability of zeranol, nandrolone and trenbolone in bovine urine." Analyst 119, no. 12 (1994): 2651. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/an9941902651.

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14

Giannattasio-Ferraz, Silvia, Adriana Ene, Laura Maskeri, André Penido Oliveira, Edel F. Barbosa-Stancioli, and Catherine Putonti. "Vagococcus fluvialis isolation and sequencing from urine of healthy cattle." G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics 11, no. 1 (December 22, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/g3journal/jkaa034.

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Abstract While the gram-positive bacterium Vagococcus fluvialis has been isolated from the environment as well as fish, birds, and mammals, very little is known about the species. V. fluvialis is believed to be a probiotic in fishes. However, within mammals, it is more frequently isolated from infectious tissue, including on rare occasions human and livestock lesions. Prior to the study described here, V. fluvialis had never been found in healthy bovine animals. Here, we present the complete genomes of V. fluvialis UFMG-H6, UFMG-H6B, and UFMG-H7, novel strains isolated from urine samples from healthy bovine females. These are the first genomes of mammalian isolates and the first description of V. fluvialis from urine. The genomes did not encode for any known virulence genes, suggesting that they may be commensal members of the urine microbiota.

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15

Li, Xue Ying, Guang Fei Qu, and Yi Lu Lin. "Experimental Study of Diatomite Static Adsorption on TP Removal in Bovine Urine Wastewater." Materials Science Forum 743-744 (January 2013): 531–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.743-744.531.

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Pollutions of livestock and poultry breeding to the environment have evolved into a serious social problem, while phosphorus is a non-renewable resource. This study aims to not only remove the phosphorus in bovine urine wastewater effectively, but also make it recyclable and reduce the load of the follow-up sewage disposal. Choosing the diatomite as the adsorption material, its adsorption effects and the influence factors of diatomite were investigated by static adsorption method, and the adsorption isothermal curves studied. The results showed that the best adsorption condition was as follows, i.e.,taking 50mL bovine urine wastewater with TP 45.67mg/L, when the diatomite dosage was 3.0g, the pH was 7.0, the adsorption time was at 6.0h with the temperature of 30, TP concentrations could be reduced to 9.86mg/L and total phosphorus removal rate reached at 78.41%. Freundlich equation was better than Langmuir equation in describing the behaviour of adsorption phosphorus on diatomite. It is believed that diatomite is feasible to be used as adsorption agent for phosphorus removal from bovine urine wastewater and this promotes the potential of diatomite being used as sewage treatment materials.

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16

Aguilar-Lozano, Ana, Scott Baier, Ryan Grove, Jiang Shu, David Giraud, Amy Leiferman, Kelly E. Mercer, et al. "Concentrations of Purine Metabolites Are Elevated in Fluids from Adults and Infants and in Livers from Mice Fed Diets Depleted of Bovine Milk Exosomes and their RNA Cargos." Journal of Nutrition 148, no. 12 (December 1, 2018): 1886–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxy223.

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ABSTRACT Background Humans and mice absorb bovine milk exosomes and their RNA cargos. Objectives The objectives of this study were to determine whether milk exosome– and RNA-depleted (ERD) and exosome- and RNA-sufficient (ERS) diets alter the concentrations of purine metabolites in mouse livers, and to determine whether diets depleted of bovine milk alter the plasma concentration and urine excretion of purine metabolites in adults and infants, respectively. Methods C57BL/6 mice were fed ERD (providing 2% of the microRNA cargos compared with ERS) and ERS diets starting at age 3 wk; livers were collected at age 7 wk. Plasma and 24-h urine samples were collected from healthy adults who consumed (DCs) or avoided (DAs) dairy products. Spot urine samples were collected from healthy infants fed human milk (HM), milk formula (MF), or soy formula (SF) at age 3 mo. Purine metabolites were analyzed in liver, plasma, and urine; mRNAs and microRNAs were analyzed in the livers of female mice. Results We found that 9 hepatic purine metabolites in ERD-fed mice were 1.76 ± 0.43 times the concentrations in ERS-fed mice (P < 0.05). Plasma concentrations and urine excretion of purine metabolites in DAs was ≤1.62 ± 0.45 times the concentrations in DCs (P < 0.05). The excretion of 13 purine metabolites in urine from SF infants was ≤175 ± 39 times the excretion in HM and MF infants (P < 0.05). mRNA expression of 5′-nucleotidase, cytosolic IIIB, and adenosine deaminase in mice fed ERD was 0.64 ± 0.52 and 0.60 ± 0.28 times the expression in mice fed ERS, respectively. Conclusion Diets depleted of bovine-milk exosomes and RNA cargos caused increases in hepatic purine metabolites in mice, and in plasma and urine from human adults and infants, compared with exosome-sufficient controls. These findings are important, because purines play a role in intermediary metabolism and cell signaling.

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Lindsey, C. J., M. E. Almeida, C. F. Vicari, C. Carvalho, A. Yaguiu, A. C. Freitas, W. Becak, and R. C. Stocco. "Bovine papillomavirus DNA in milk, blood, urine, semen, and spermatozoa of bovine papillomavirus-infected animals." Genetics and Molecular Research 8, no. 1 (2009): 310–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4238/vol8-1gmr573.

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18

Henker, Luan, Marina Lorenzett, and Saulo Pavarini. "Bovine congenital babesiosis." Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Pathology 14, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24070/bjvp.1983-0246.v14i1p70-74.

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Diagnostic Exercise from The Latin Comparative Pathology Group. Clinical History: A crossbred, stillborn bovine fetus, with nine months of gestation, was submitted for postmortem examination. The dam that aborted was a 2-year-old heifer that did not have any additional clinical signs. The owner observed several late-term abortions and stillbirths in this farm during the referred calving season. Necropsy Findings: Necropsy findings included moderate accumulation of light red fluid in the abdominal and thoracic cavities, mild hemoglobin imbibition, as well as collapsed lungs. The liver was markedly enlarged, had rounded edges, and moderate, diffuse yellow discoloration. The gallbladder was filled with thick, grumous bile, and the spleen was moderately enlarged. The kidneys had moderate diffuse dark red discoloration, and the urinary bladder was distended with dark-red urine. The grey matter of the brain and the spinal cord was markedly pink-red discolored. Squashes of the spleenand brain were prepared and routinely stained with PanóticoRápido® (Laborclin, Brazil).

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Velasco-Bejarano, Benjamín, Jahir Bautista, Martha E. Rodríguez, Raquel López-Arellano, Roberto Arreguín-Espinosa, and Ricardo Velasco Carrillo. "Quantification and Stereochemical Composition of R-(−) and S-(+)-Clenbuterol Enantiomers in Bovine Urine by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry." Journal of Analytical Toxicology 44, no. 3 (November 4, 2019): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jat/bkz087.

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Abstract Clenbuterol (4-amino-α-[(tert-butylamino)methyl]-3,5-dichlorobenzylalcohol) is a β2-adrenergic agonist. The consumption of meat contaminated with clenbuterol can lead to increased heart rate, blood pressure, anxiety, palpitations and skeletal muscle tremors. Several analytical methods have been developed to identify and quantify clenbuterol in different biological matrices. In this report, we have developed a specific and sensitive analytical method for quantifying clenbuterol and performed an in-depth enantiomeric analysis in bovine urine. The method was evaluated in accordance with international guidelines, and we used an isotopically labeled analog as an internal standard. The extraction efficiency for clenbuterol in bovine urine was > 98%, the limit of detection was 0.05 ng/mL and the limit of quantification was 0.10 ng/mL. Our assay showed high specificity, no carryover was observed and the assay was linear in the range 0.10–8.0 ng/mL. Fifteen bovine urine samples were analyzed (containing clenbuterol), and an enantiomeric analysis was performed. The clenbuterol concentration range was 0.10–10.56 ng/mL across these samples. The levorotatory enantiomer was detected at greater concentrations than the dextrorotatory enantiomer, the ratio being 1.7 ± 0.6 (n = 15), and a statistical difference was observed (P < 0.05) using the Wilcoxon test.

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Haughey, Simon A., G. Andrew Baxter, Christopher T. Elliott, Bjorn Persson, Carin Jonson, and Peter Bjurling. "Determination of Clenbuterol Residues in Bovine Urine by Optical Immunobiosensor Assay." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 84, no. 4 (July 1, 2001): 1025–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/84.4.1025.

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Abstract Clenbuterol (CBL) is an orally active β2-adrenoceptor agonist which has been used in veterinary medicine as a broncodilator and an agent of uterine relaxation. It has however become better known as a drug used illegally to promote growth in farm animals. A rapid an sensitive biosensor assay was developed to detect CBL residues in bovine urine. The method involved a simple extraction procedure using tert-butyl methyl ether followed by analysis on the biosensor with results obtained against a buffer calibration curve. The assay allowed up to 88 samples to be analyzed per working day, with each cycle on the biosensor taking approximately 7 min to complete. The limit of detection (LOD) was determined as 0.27 ng/mL using 20 EU reference blank urine samples. The intra-assay Sr ranged from 4.7–7.6% for 3 control samples while the interassay Sr ranged from 9.2–12.7%. The recovery was found to be approximately 95%. A series of incurred urine samples were assayed and the results compared by Enzyme immunoassay (EIA), radio-immunoassay (RIA), and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis.Urine samples taken from local abattoirs were also analyzed by the biosensor method and by EIA analysis. The antibody used in the biosensor test exhibited high cross reactivity with at least 7 other β-agonists allowing detection of these compounds at less than 1 ng/mL in bovine urine.

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21

Unnikrishnan, Binesh, Shih-Chun Wei, Wei-Jane Chiu, Jinshun Cang, Pang-Hung Hsu, and Chih-Ching Huang. "Nitrite ion-induced fluorescence quenching of luminescent BSA-Au25nanoclusters: mechanism and application." Analyst 139, no. 9 (2014): 2221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3an02291a.

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22

Garzón, Jaime E., Oscar Pardo, and Edgar A. Cárdenas. "The effects of bovine urine application on two soil nitrogen compounds and growth of three forage grasses in the Colombian Piedmont plains." Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales 8, no. 2 (May 30, 2020): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17138/tgft(8)105-114.

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The effects of application of bovine urine on biomass and nitrogen (N) accumulation in 3 tropical grasses (Urochloa decumbens cv. Basilisk, U. humidicola cv. Humidicola and Megathyrsus maximus cv. Mombasa), and on available N concentrations in soil (NH4+-N, NO3--N) were studied using a randomized complete block design with 3 replicates. There were significant interactions between species and urine application over time in terms of herbage accumulation and N concentration (P<0.01), with significant differences in the concentrations of N available in the soil (P<0.01). Soil temperature and precipitation had important effects on the concentrations of both soil ions. Application of bovine urine increased dry matter accumulation of all grasses in the short term and of U. decumbens over the whole year. Application of urine increased soil N levels, but for U. humidicola and M. maximus the effects were transient. It is necessary to continue with longer-term studies in the Piedmont plains to determine the effects of livestock grazing on the biogeochemical cycles, environmental impacts and natural mitigation options that the ecosystem offers, e.g. CO2 sequestration, biological nitrification inhibitors and organic matter decomposition.

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Pavelski, Mariana, Rudiger Daniel Ollhoff, Ivan Roque Barros Filho, Ivan Deconto, Alexander Welker Biondo, and Peterson Triches Dornbusch. "Evaluation of urine dipstick and cystoscopy in bovine enzootic haematuria." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 35, no. 3 (June 25, 2014): 1369. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2014v35n3p1369.

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24

Liu, Yuan, Cun-zhen Zhang, Xiang-yang Yu, Zhi-yong Zhang, Xiao Zhang, Rong-rong Liu, Xian-jin Liu, and Zhen-ming Gong. "Development and evaluation of immunoassay for zeranol in bovine urine." Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE B 8, no. 12 (November 2007): 900–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1631/jzus.2007.b0900.

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25

Bozzetta, Elena, Danilo Pitardi, Barbara Cini, Maurizio Paleologo, Abram Brouwer, Peter Behnisch, Marco Vincenti, et al. "Synthetic glucocorticoids in bovine urine: From targeted to untargeted detection." Toxicology Letters 221 (August 2013): S67—S68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.05.042.

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26

Bertram, J. E., K. H. Orwin, T. J. Clough, L. M. Condron, R. R. Sherlock, and M. O’Callaghan. "Effect of soil moisture and bovine urine on microbial stress." Pedobiologia 55, no. 4 (July 2012): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pedobi.2012.03.004.

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27

Arioli, F., A. Casati, M. Fidani, M. Silvestri, and G. Pompa. "Prednisolone and prednisone neo-formation in bovine urine after sampling." Animal 6, no. 6 (2012): 1023–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1751731111002497.

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Conneely, G., D. O'Mahony, H. Lu, G. G. Guilbault, M. Pravda, and M. Aherne. "An Immunosensor for the Detection of Stanozolol in Bovine Urine." Analytical Letters 40, no. 7 (May 2007): 1280–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00032710701326650.

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Oliveira, Aliny Fernanda de, Roberta Torres Chiderolli, Luciano Seraphim Gasques, Arianne Peruzo Pires Gonçalves, Érica Dourado Neves, Bruna Paula Martins Ferreira, Lucienne Garcia Pretto Giordano, Julio Cesar de Freitas, Ulisses De Pádua Pereira, and Daniela Dib Gonçalves. "Serological diagnosis and molecular characterization of Leptospira spp. in the blood and urine of bovine females from refrigerated slaughterhouses." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 39, no. 3 (May 4, 2018): 1125. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n3p1125.

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Leptospirosis is an important socioeconomic disease in humans, as well as in domestic and wild animals, being caused by Leptospira spp. Bovine animals are considered reservoirs of this disease, because they intermittently disseminate the bacteria into the environment through their urine. In this way, the cattle an important source of Leptospira infection. The objective of this study was to detect Leptospira spp. antibodies and DNA in bovine females from two refrigerated slaughterhouses in the microregion of Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil. In particular, blood and urine samples from 52 crossbred bovine females older than 36 months from the two slaughterhouses were used. The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) was used to detect leptospiral antibodies, and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and subsequent sequencing were used to detect Leptospira DNA. The MAT yielded 22 (42.3%) serum samples considered reagent, while the nested PCR test resulted in one amplified sample (1.9%) of 289 bp. This single sample was then amplified again using primers for the SecY gene (549 bp). Sequencing of this gene characterized the bacteria as L. borgpetersenii that were similar to the serovar Hardjo of the genotype Hardjobovis. This is the first molecular confirmation of Hardjobovis-like L. borgpetersenii in the urine of crossbred bovine females older than 36 months from slaughterhouses in the microregion of Umuarama. This study’s results show that it is important to combine serological and molecular diagnosis in the detection of Leptospira spp. Therefore, both methods were used to improve our understanding of the epidemiology of this disease in bovine animals from the microregion of Umuarama. In addition, the analysis informed the subsequent adoption of preventive measures and educational One Health actions to prevent economic losses related to the herd, as well as social losses related to workers and the environment.

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Rajamanikandan, Ramar, and Malaichamy Ilanchelian. "Protein-protected red emittive copper nanoclusters as a fluorometric probe for highly sensitive biosensing of creatinine." Analytical Methods 10, no. 29 (2018): 3666–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ay00827b.

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Hashimoto, Vanessa Yumi, Roberta Torres Chideroli, Juliane Ribeiro, Amauri Alcindo Alfieri, Geraldo Marcio da Costa, Ulisses De Padua Pereira, and Julio Cesar de Freitas. "Serological and molecular findings in diagnosis of leptospirosis serovar hardjo in a dairy bovine herd." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 38, no. 5 (October 3, 2017): 3155. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n5p3155.

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The cattle are considered hosts of the Hardjo serovar, causing economic damages due to the reproductive failures like abortions and infertility. The serovar Hardjo usually remains in the reproductive tract and also in the renal tubules where it is eliminated intermittently in the urine for months. Placental remnants, the aborted fetus and contaminated urine promote the permanence of this bacterium within the herd for years. Thus, the objective of this study was to monitor for prolonged period, cows naturally infected with Leptospira ssp. through microbiological culture, serological examination and DNA detection of the pathogen in the urine. The dairy herd was composed of 50 breeding cows with a history of abortion and infertility, without leptospirosis vaccine and located in the northern region of Paraná. Blood and urine samples were collected and laboratorial diagnosis were performed five times at intervals of four months. Blood samples were collected from the all 50 animals and the serum was submitted to the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) for the detection of anti-leptospira antibodies. Of the total cows, 20 showed antibody titres ? 1: 100 in MAT and urine samples were collected from only those animals with higher titers to perform nested-PCR (n-PCR) and bacterial isolation per culture. In addition, two urine samples from five animals with antibody titers < 1: 100 were collected in MAT for n-PCR. Serovar Hardjo was considered the most frequent during the serological monitoring of the animals evaluated. The n-PCR technique was able to detect leptospiral DNA in the urine of animals with MAT ? 1: 100 antibody titers and urine from animals whose titers were < 1: 100. Sequencing of the leptospiral amplicons shared 100% nucleotide sequence identity with the Leptospira interrogans species. Positive n-PCR results from animals with titers of < 1: 100 suggest that the cut-off of MAT is could be not sufficient to detect renal carriers, so it is also important to use n-PCR as an additional diagnostic tool for identify infected animals with Hardjo serovar and whose serology was negative.

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32

Ramos, Fernando, M. Conceicāo Castilho, and M. Irene Noronha Da Silveira. "Occurrence of β2- Adrenergic Agonist Residues in Urine of Animal Meat Producers in Portugal." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 81, no. 3 (May 1, 1998): 544–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/81.3.544.

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abstract Between January 1,1991, and December 31,1993, bovine urine was collected for analysis of β2-adrenergic agonist residues. A multiresidue method was developed that was capable of detecting clenbuterol, clenpenterol, clenproperol, mabuterol, mapenterol, bromobuterol, tulobuterol, and salbutamol through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, liquid chromatography (LC) with photodiode array detection, and gas chromatography with mass detection in electron impact mode with selective-ion monitoring. Among 1031 samples, 24 contained clenbuterol and 1 contained salbutamol. The results confirm that clenbuterol is the β2-adrenergic agonist most used as bovine growth promoter in Portugal.

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33

Degand, Guy, Anne Bernes-Duyckaerts, and Guy Maghuin-Rogister. "Determination of clenbuterol in bovine tissues and urine by enzyme immunoassay." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 40, no. 1 (January 1992): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf00013a014.

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34

TePaske, Mark R., Richard G. Powell, Richard J. Petroski, Melanie D. Samford, and John A. Paterson. "Quantitative analyses of bovine urine and blood plasma for loline alkaloids." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 41, no. 2 (February 1993): 231–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf00026a017.

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35

Sokolov, Oleg, Natalya Kost, Olga Andreeva, Ekaterina Korneeva, Viktor Meshavkin, Yulia Tarakanova, Aleksander Dadayan, et al. "Autistic children display elevated urine levels of bovine casomorphin-7 immunoreactivity." Peptides 56 (June 2014): 68–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.peptides.2014.03.007.

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36

Monahan, F. J., A. P. Moloney, M. T. Osorio, F. T. Röhrle, O. Schmidt, and L. Brennan. "Authentication of grass-fed beef using bovine muscle, hair or urine." Trends in Food Science & Technology 28, no. 2 (December 2012): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2012.05.005.

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37

Majak, W., and R. E. McDiarmid. "Detection and quantitative determination of 3-nitropropionic acid in bovine urine." Toxicology Letters 50, no. 2-3 (February 1990): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4274(90)90013-c.

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38

Dewar, Deborah, Vivette Glover, J. Elsworth, and M. Sandler. "Equol and other compounds from bovine urine as monoamine oxidase inhibitors." Journal of Neural Transmission 65, no. 2 (June 1986): 147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01256490.

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39

Hundesa, Ayalkibet, Carlos Maluquer de Motes, Silvia Bofill-Mas, Nestor Albinana-Gimenez, and Rosina Girones. "Identification of Human and Animal Adenoviruses and Polyomaviruses for Determination of Sources of Fecal Contamination in the Environment." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 12 (October 13, 2006): 7886–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01090-06.

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ABSTRACT The Adenoviridae and Polyomaviridae families comprise a wide diversity of viruses which may be excreted for long periods in feces or urine. In this study, a preliminary analysis of the prevalence in the environment and the potential usefulness as source-tracking tools of human and animal adenoviruses and polyomaviruses has been developed. Molecular assays based on PCR specifically targeting human adenoviruses (HAdV), porcine adenoviruses (PAdV), bovine adenoviruses (BAdV), and bovine polyomaviruses (BPyV) were applied to environmental samples including urban sewage, slaughterhouse, and river water samples. PAdV and BPyV were detected in a very high percentage of samples potentially affected by either porcine or bovine fecal contamination, respectively. However, BAdV were detected in only one sample, showing a lower prevalence than BPyV in the wastewater samples analyzed. The 22 slaughterhouse samples with fecal contamination of animal origin showed negative results for the presence of HAdV. The river water samples analyzed were positive for the presence of both human and animal adenoviruses and polyomaviruses, indicating the existence of diverse sources of contamination. The identities of the viruses detected were confirmed by analyses of the amplified sequences. All BPyV isolates showed a 97% similarity in nucleotide sequences. This is the first time that PAdV5, BAdV6, and BPyV have been reported to occur in environmental samples. Human and porcine adenoviruses and human and bovine polyomaviruses are proposed as tools for evaluating the presence of viral contamination and for tracking the origin of fecal/urine contamination in environmental samples.

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40

Fasoli, Sabrina, Enea Ferlizza, Giulia Andreani, Camillo Sandri, Francesco Dondi, and Gloria Isani. "Noninvasive sampling method for urinalysis and urine protein profile in captive giraffes." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 33, no. 1 (November 26, 2020): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1040638720975370.

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Urinalysis could be helpful to investigate the health status of giraffes held in captivity using noninvasive methods to avoid animal handling or anesthesia. We collected 52 voided urine samples from 20 giraffes of different ages, sexes, and subspecies from the ground. To evaluate potential interference by soil contaminants, a pilot study was performed using 20 urine samples obtained from 10 cows. All bovine and 29 giraffe samples were subjected to routine urinalysis including urine specific gravity (USG). All samples were analyzed for urine total protein (uTP), urine creatinine (uCrea) concentration, and urine protein-to-urine creatinine ratio (UPC). Urinary proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. No significant differences were determined between free-catch and urine sampled from the ground in cows. Giraffe urine was pale-yellow, with alkaline pH (>8.0) and a mean USG of 1.035 ± 0.013. The uTP, uCrea, and UPC expressed as median (range) were 0.20 (0.08–0.47) g/L, 2.36 (0.62–5.2) g/L, and 0.08 (0.05–0.15), respectively. SDS-PAGE allowed the separation of protein bands with different molecular masses, including putative uromodulin at 90 kD, putative albumin at 64 kD, and putative immunoglobulin heavy and light chains at 49 kD and 25 kD, respectively. Urine collection from the ground appears to be a reliable technique for urinalysis and urine electrophoresis in giraffes.

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41

Niemelä, O. "Radioimmunoassays for type III procollagen amino-terminal peptides in humans." Clinical Chemistry 31, no. 8 (August 1, 1985): 1301–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/31.8.1301.

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Abstract Use of radioimmunoassay for the amino-terminal propeptide of type III procollagen for monitoring fibrotic processes in humans has been frustrating because of the nonparallel relation between results for the standard bovine antigen and human serum samples. In the radioimmunoassays I developed for this propeptide and its monomeric Col 1 domain, based on use of antigens from humans, serum samples generated less-steep inhibition curves than did the standard antigen in the propeptide assay; in the Col 1 assay, however, serum and urine samples both generated inhibition curves having the same slope as that generated with the standard Col 1 peptide. Concentrations of human fragment Col 1 in serum samples as measured with the Col 1 assay were usually double those obtained with the human propeptide assay, which in turn were two- to threefold those obtained with the bovine antigen assay. In control subjects and alcoholic cirrhotics the concentrations of antigen in urine and the daily excretion rates as measured with the assay for human Col 1 exceeded those reported previously. The presence of different antigen forms was demonstrated with both assays by gel-filtration analysis of serum and urine samples. The assay for human Col 1 should be suitable for routine clinical chemical use.

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Winkler, J., S. Kersten, H. Valenta, L. Hüther, U. Meyer, U. Engelhardt, and S. Dänicke. "Simultaneous determination of zearalenone, deoxynivalenol and their metabolites in bovine urine as biomarkers of exposure." World Mycotoxin Journal 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/wmj2014.1745.

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A feeding trial with 30 dairy cows which were fed rations with three different concentrations of zearalenone (ZEA) and deoxynivalenol (DON) contaminated maize was carried out to examine the ZEA and DON concentration in urine. German Holstein cows (n=30) were divided into three groups (n=10 in each) which received diets with following toxin concentrations: CON (0.02 mg ZEA and 0.07 mg DON, per kg dry matter (DM)), FUS-50 (0.33 mg ZEA and 2.62 mg DON, per kg DM), FUS-100 (0.66 mg ZEA and 5.24 mg DON, per kg DM). For urine analysis, a reliable, cost-efficient and sensitive method for simultaneous determination of ZEA, DON and their metabolites was developed. The method comprises a solid phase extraction clean-up on Oasis HLB cartridges followed by LC-MS/MS measurement. ZEA, α-zearalenol, β-zearalenol, DON and de-epoxydeoxynivalenol (DOM) could be detected in the urine samples of the feeding trial. Thereby, DON was almost completely metabolised to DOM (83-98%) independent of the DON exposure. Moreover, conjugated toxins were the major urinary metabolites based on results of the analysis with β-glucuronidase treated and untreated samples. Furthermore, relationships between toxin intake and urinary toxin concentration could be established. In conclusion, increased urine toxin concentrations may hint on toxin exposure through the diets and thus the mycotoxins ZEA and DON and their detected metabolites could be used as biomarkers of exposure.

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43

Cardoso, Marinice Oliveira, Walter Esfrain Pereira, Ademar Pereira de Oliveira, and Adailson Pereira de Souza. "Eggplant growth as affected by bovine manure and magnesium thermophosphate rates." Scientia Agricola 65, no. 1 (February 2008): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162008000100011.

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Plant growth is influenced by nutrient availability. The objective of this research was to study, under greenhouse conditions, eggplant growth as affected by rates of bovine manure and magnesium thermophosphate (g kg-1 and mg kg-1, respectively), according to a "Box central composite" matrix: 4.15-259; 4.15-1509; 24.15-259; 24.15-1509; 0.0-884; 28.3-884; 14.15-0,0; 14.15-1768; 14.15-884. Potassium sulfate (170 mg kg-1) and 200 mL per pot of cow urine solution were applied four times, but the concentration of the last two applications (200 mL/H2O L) was twice of that of the first two. Additional treatments: magnesium thermophosphate without cow urine and triple superphosphate with urea, both with nutrient levels equivalent to the bovine manure, P2O5 and potassium sulfate to the combination 14.15-884. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks with four replicates. Leaf area (LA) and LA ratio increased as quadratic functions with manure rates, with negative interaction for thermophosphate. Leaf dry matter mass (DMM) had an increasing quadratic function with rates for both fertilizers. The higher combined rates of both fertilizers resulted in the smallest specific leaf area, but also the highest values of shoot and root DMM, total DMM and, with positive interaction in relation to root shoot dry matter ratio. The relative growth rate in stem height, and also in diameter, increased with manure, according to quadratic and linear functions, respectively. The cow urine effect was, in general, lower than that of urea. The plant's overall growth was more influenced by manure. Root DMM and shoot DMM were greater with high K and P.

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44

Singer, Carol J., and Stanley E. Katz. "Microbiological Assay for Chloramphenicol Residues." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 68, no. 5 (September 1, 1985): 1037–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/68.5.1037.

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Abstract Procedures for the assay of chloramphenicol in milk, urine, serum, and muscle tissue are presented. The procedures specify an assay design with all standards as well as samples present on each plate, oxytetracycline in the buffer-diluent for greater sensitivity, a minimal medium to enhance the inhibitory effect of chloramphenicol on the assay organism, and a tetrazolium dye to improve the ability to measure the zones of inhibition. Recoveries of unbound chloramphenicol from bovine urine were 90.8%, from serum 88.3%, from milk 79.3%, from swine muscle 71.3%, and from beef and chicken muscle 61.0 and 61.4%, respectively. The lower levels of measurement in urine and serum were 0.25 ug/mL, 0.025 n-g/mL in milk, and 0.10 |xg/g in muscle tissue

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45

Lucchesi, Paula M. A., Guillermo H. Arroyo, Analía I. Etcheverría, Alberto E. Parma, and Alfredo C. Seijo. "Recommendations for the detection of Leptospira in urine by PCR." Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 37, no. 2 (March 2004): 131–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0037-86822004000200003.

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In the present study PCR was applied to detect leptospires in human urine. Several approaches for sample processing were evaluated to optimize the detection of leptospires in urine mixed with this bacterium. Furthermore, some changes in the composition of the reaction mix were studied. No amplification was observed in acidic urine, therefore neutralization of the sample immediately after collection is strongly recommended. PBS gave better results than Tris or NaOH as neutralizing reagents. Freezing and thawing of samples before processing yielded negative results. Elimination of epithelial cells, leukocytes and crystals by centrifugation at 3,000 rpm at room temperature increased sensitivity. In addition, both the washing step after collecting leptospires by centrifugation and the inclusion of 0.1% bovine serum albumin in the reaction mix minimized the interference of other inhibitory compounds. These modifications were useful to improve the detection of Leptospira in urine by PCR.

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46

TAKEMURA, Naoyuki, Hidekazu KOYAMA, Toshinori SAKO, Kenji ANDO, Tomiya UCHINO, Shigekatsu MOTOYOSHI, and Fumiaki MARUMO. "Measurement of atrial natriuretic peptide in bovine plasma and urine by radioimmunoassay." Japanese Journal of Veterinary Science 51, no. 4 (1989): 843–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1292/jvms1939.51.843.

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47

KAWAMURA, Seiichi, Heita INOUE, Takashi ODA, Naoyuki ITOH, and Seiichi HIGUCHI. "Isolation and purification of a low molecular weight protein from bovine urine." Japanese Journal of Veterinary Science 52, no. 4 (1990): 787–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1292/jvms1939.52.787.

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48

Lu, Huihui, Gráinne Conneely, Miloslav Pravda, and George G. Guilbault. "Screening of boldenone and methylboldenone in bovine urine using disposable electrochemical immunosensors." Steroids 71, no. 9 (September 2006): 760–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.steroids.2006.05.001.

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49

Ferranti, Carolina, Fernanda delli Quadri, Luca Palleschi, Camilla Marchiafava, Marzia Pezzolato, Elena Bozzetta, Maria Caramelli, and Rosa Draisci. "Studies on the presence of natural and synthetic corticosteroids in bovine urine." Steroids 76, no. 6 (May 2011): 616–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.steroids.2011.02.044.

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50

Pfaffl, M. W., B. Reck, R. Dreher, and H. H. D. Meyer. "Production of clenbuterol, diethylstilbestrol and trenbolone mass standards in lyophilised bovine urine." Analytica Chimica Acta 483, no. 1-2 (April 2003): 401–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-2670(02)01255-2.

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