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Walther, Matthias. "Careers Upon Repatriation : comparing the Re-Entry into the German and French Labor Markets Based on Bourdieu's Theory of Practice." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO30051.
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Le retour d’expatriation dans une perspective du marché du travail externe est un sujet sous-exploré. Nous empruntons la Théorie de la Pratique de Pierre Bourdieu afin de comparer le retour d’expatriation d’agents de carrière français et allemands sur le marché du travail externe de leur champ de carrière d’origine. Notre analyse démontre que le capital de carrière, ainsi que le habitus des agents de carrière Français et Allemands, se développent pendant l’expatriation. Ceci a alors un impact important sur la réintégration dans leur champ de carrière d’origine. Notre portefeuille d’éléments bourdieusiens critiques, ainsi que nos deux modèles de variables pour le retour en France et en Allemagne démontrent certaines similarités mais surtout de nombreuses différences concernant le retour sur le champ de carrière allemand et français. Si ces faits témoignent de l’existence de frontières nationales du champ de carrière, nos résultats montrent également que, dans un contexte de mobilité internationale, les règles du jeu changent comparé à un contexte de carrière purement national. Ceci remet alors en question la pertinence des modèles de carrière nationaux pour expliquer le retour d’expatriation dans un contexte franco-allemand. Notre recherche contribue à enrichir la littérature académique en clarifiant, dans un premier temps, les règles du jeu dans un contexte de retour d’expatriation franco-allemand. Elle démontre également que les champs de carrière bourdieusiens ne sont que partiellement autonomes et doivent être considérés en interaction avec les champs économiques et éducatifs afin d’obtenir une meilleure compréhension entière des mécanismes du retourRepatriation from an external labor market perspective is a largely under-researched topic. Applying Bourdieu’s Theory of Practice and reconciling the culturalist and institutionalist approach in comparative research, this thesis compares the repatriation of German and French career agents into the external labor markets of their parent country career fields. We found that the German and French career agents’ career capital and habitus develops during expatriation, which has an important impact on the re-integration into the parent country career field. Based on our developed critical portfolio of elements for the successful return into the German and French career fields and resulting from our emerged German and French repatriation models, we found that the re-entry conditions into the German and French career fields are in some parts similar, but more strongly differ. While this indicates the existence of national borders of career fields, our results also show that in an international career mobility context, the rules of the game change compared to the rules in a pure national career context, which challenges the pertinence of national career models in understanding repatriation in our Franco-German context. Our research especially contributes to the existing literature by clarifying the rules of the game in a Franco-German repatriation context and by providing empirical evidence for the only partially autonomous nature of Bourdieuian career fields that must be viewed in interaction with the economic and educational field for creating a complete understanding of the return-mechanisms
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Fogle, Nikolaus. "Social Space and Physical Space: Pierre Bourdieu's Field Theory as a Model for the Social Dynamics of the Built Environment." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2009. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/40829.
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PhilosophyPh.D.
The notion of social space or field is a central but under-studied category in the philosopher and sociologist Pierre Bourdieu's theory of practice. The present study of social space is introduced with a contextual account of spatial models in the social sciences prior to Bourdieu that highlights the aptitude for relational spatial models to capture complex social phenomena. It then demonstrates how social space, as an empirically robust and epistemologically intuitive social-scientific model, facilitates the objective representation as well as the subjective understanding of social phenomena. The central thesis is that Bourdieu's reflexive sociology operates in large part by a multiform engagement with the (intuitive or conceptual, but always constructed) apprehension of space, an interpretation that suggests the integration of both physical and social spaces in a unified explanatory framework. A dialectical understanding of the relations between social space and physical space, drawn from the logic of Bourdieu's social theory, is argued for. This philosophical extension of Bourdieu's work is then applied to phenomena in which the reproduction of structures in social space is carried out in and through physical space, and vice versa. Two case studies, the first of office tower districts in contemporary cities and the second of deconstructionist architecture, reveal interactions between social organization and the built environment. The case studies, taken together, also demonstrate the virtue, inherent to a Bourdieuian approach, of explaining both the trends of relative stability and the instances of radical change that are observed in social phenomena.
Temple University--Theses
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Glover, Jane. "Why do dairy farmers continue to farm? : can Bourdieu's theory aid our understanding and suggest how farmers could regain some control in their industry?" Thesis, Loughborough University, 2008. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/16825.
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The research asked the pivotal question - Why do dairy farmers continue to farm? There is currently a lack of recognition for the social, cultural and symbolic merits of family businesses, and the non-economic contributions made to society. In critically reviewing the economic paradigm, which assumes man acts rationally in a world of perfect information, economic theory ignores the role of alternative forms of capital in acquiring power to conduct business successfully. Using Bourdieu's concepts of field, habitus and capital offered sociological insights into small family farm businesses. Bourdieu's generic forms of capital allowed for the appraisal of not only economic capital; but social, cultural and symbolic capital. A qualitative, mixed methods approach was chosen, through a series of ten ethnographic case studies conducted in Staffordshire. Bourdieu's work and qualitative methods allowed the farm to be investigated as a collective social unit. Each case study consisted of participant observation, interviews with the farmer, and where possible spouses and children. The work demonstrates that whilst policy tries to shape how agriculture is conducted, it is not necessarily creating an environment in which farmers can empower themselves, and their business operations; as powerful groups seek to retain their position in the field (dairy industry). Sufficient levels of social, cultural and symbolic capital are vital for family farm business success; defined in economic (wealth) and non-economic (personal development, job satisfaction and lifestyle) parameters. For the farming world, the work extends Bourdieu's theory proposing the need to introduce natural capital. Nature's role in farming is critical and farmers need to utilise and support natural systems. Despite farmers losing control in their field, many have behaved in enterprising ways in order to continue the family farm business. However, farmers need to increase their levels of all forms of capital in order to increase their power and position in society. Consequently, farmers must also protect their levels of capital in order to slow down further decreases in their power in the field.
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Rafanell, Irene. "The sexed and gendered body as a social institution : a critical reconstruction of two social constructionist models : Bourdieu's theory of habitus and the performative theory of social institutions." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/27229.
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By highlighting the embedded forms of social life contemporary debates in Social Sciences have made it necessary to newly explore two major binary oppositions, that of nature and society and structure and individual. In the current atmosphere of tension between constructivist and materialistic positions, it is fundamental to offer detailed analysis and definition of these core issues. The aim of this thesis is to explore new understandings of social constructionist accounts by focusing on sex/gender identity and critically comparing two constructionist views: Bourdieu’s Theory of Practice and its core notion of habitus, and The Performative Theory of Social Institutions, the social theory of the Strong Programme, (a sociology of scientific knowledge developed by Barnes, Bloor). The Performance Theory claims that the realm of the ‘social’ is the result of the constitutive nature of self-referential performing practices (verbal or otherwise). Its basic tenet that social life is a collective achievement, that is, the result of the continuing realignment among individuals which occurs in the interactive, and its emphasis on the performative nature of the individuals’ self-referential inductive inferences, stands in stark contrast with that of Bourdieu’s notion of the stability of the habitus as the internalization of pre-existing macro-structures. I argue that whereas Bourdieu’s novelty is that he locates social effects at the level of the body, his theory, by envisaging this socialization as a Parsonian model of early internalization resulting in permanent fixidity, suffers from a macro-structuralist bais of ‘externality’. The Performance Theory, although not specifically concerned with the body, provides an analytical framework which resolves Bourdieu’s tacit reification of the ‘social’. By introducing Kusch’s notion of Artificial Kinds, closely connected with the main tenets of the performative theory of social institution, I develop a definition of an embodied habitus as a ‘social institution’, that is, as the result of the constitutive power of the dispositions, as a self-referential collective achievement, and to achieve a more accomplished synthesis of the dualisms individual/structure and nature/society.
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Khalighinejad, Farshad. "Architecture Aesthetic Preferences and Architectural Habitus: A Comparison Among Architecture and Business Students at the University of Cincinnati." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1551971907333194.
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Outsios, Georgios. "The emergence of UK environmental entrepreneurs : a practice theory view on mindset and constraints." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/17145.
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This thesis contributes to our knowledge on the emergence of environmental entrepreneurs. The study is guided by the research question, “how do UK environmental entrepreneurs start to form their distinctive environmental entrepreneurial thinking” and analyses the development of the environmental entrepreneurial mindset in the UK, through a theory of practice perspective. Based on a three-stage data collection process (preliminary focus group, semi-structured interviews and life stories), the study (1) conceptualises the construction of the environmental entrepreneurial mindset, (2) investigates the experiences of constraints for practice and (3) analyses differences in habitus and constraints on the basis of the sampling dimensions, type (social environmental and commercial) and gender (male and female). The study was undertaken under a social constructivist perspective and follows the naturalistic paradigm (Guba, 1978). The rigour (or trustworthiness) of the qualitative approach has been established according to perspectives by Mason (2001) and Guba and Lincoln (1985). The empirical basis of the study is comprised of a three stage design of discursive interviews, involving overlapping collective (focus group) and individual (life stories, in-depth interviews) data collection techniques, with a partly gathering structure (through semi-structured questions). A preliminary focus group identified key themes relevant to the study’s objectives and the concepts of the theory of practice (field, capital, and habitus). Three life stories refined the themes and analysed them within the context of entrepreneurs’ lives. The two stages enabled the development of questions targeting themes for the in-depth interviews and the cross case content analysis. For sampling purposes, the Maximum Variation Sampling (MVS) strategy was employed, which enabled identification and analysis of common and divergent themes (Miller & Crabtree, 1999) and by over-coming the limitations of the sample size, it provided a conditional representativeness. The findings show that environmental entrepreneurs accumulate divergent forms of cultural, social and economic capital, which shapes their entrepreneurial and environmental mindsets, triggering the creation of a disposition (habitus) towards setting up an environmental enterprise. Studying the formation of the environmental entrepreneurial mindset addresses a relevant knowledge gap and offers theoretical and methodological contributions. It also confers implications for practice, with a particular reference to entrepreneurial education and policymaking.
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Wittezaële, Olivier Laurent. "The relationship between interpreters and users of the interpreting services at the Potchefstroom Campus of the North-West University / O.L. Wittezaële." Thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/2062.
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Qazi, Kamal. "Practitioners' perspective on competitiveness : a Bourdieusian approach." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/practitioners-perspective-on-competitiveness-a-bourdieusian-approach(fef24b5a-f020-41de-96a5-1f7513baa3da).html.
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UK policy-makers, politicians and practitioners over the past few years have based the narrative of competitiveness around the idea of 'rebalancing the economy'. This entails viewing competitiveness as a rational process (through the Porterian lens) and identifies strategies from a top-down perspective. However, there is generally a lack of understanding of how competitiveness is practiced from the bottom-up. Therefore, this study adopts a practice-based perspective to investigate competitiveness from a practitioner's perspective. In this thesis, Bourdieu's habitus and reflexivity is used along with Maclean, Harvey and Chia's notion of life history storytelling through the lens of sensemaking and legitimacy. The thesis employs a constructivist perspective to collect and analyse qualitative evidence from 41 practitioners during the two phases of data collection. The data was analysed using thematic analysis, codes generated and inferences made. In the pilot-study (Delphi-study and semi-structured interviews), senior strategists (20) practicing in local enterprise partnerships (LEP's), universities, regional development agencies, manufacturing associations and various manufacturing firms confirmed the initial assumption that policy is prescriptive and rationalistic. The second phase consisted of semi-structured interviews (21) with senior, middle and lower level practitioners belonging to various types of manufacturing firms and allied services. The main contributions of the thesis are that (1) reflexive practitioner's past experiences shaped existing practices and perceptions of competitiveness and (2) three distinct thresholds of competitiveness inform the position of the practitioner and their desire to be competitive. This has implications for policy and practice.
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Oliveira, Flaubert Mesquita de. "Wittgenstein e Bourdieu: di?logos para uma sociologia pr?tica." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2007. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/13524.
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The dialogue between philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein s notions and Pierre Bourdieu s sociological concepts related to social practice of language shows that the philosophy of language has an important influence on contemporary social theory. When we compare the ideas of these authors we discover that beyond the direct influences from the philosopher that the sociologist recognizes there are great parallelisms of thought. That is, Wittgenstein s pragmatic thought of the use of language does not concern only language, but also every socially built behavior. When we notice that the social and linguistic behavior are borne by the individual in a tacit way, that leads us to theorize about the prereflective dimension that builds human actions and even the habits of thought. The same processes allow the uses of language to build wider social practices. Besides, John Austin, one of Wittgenstein s disciples, and his speech acts theory, contribute with a way to reflecting on how language ressembles a concrete action. Finally, the linguistc therapy that Wittgenstein means to be his philosophical proposal is assimilated by Bourdieu, who takes it as one of the necessary topics of the sociological work
O di?logo entre as no??es do fil?sofo Ludwig Wittgenstein e os conceitos sociol?gicos relacionados ? pr?tica social da linguagem de Pierre Bourdieu mostra que a influ?ncia da filosofia da linguagem deixou marcas importantes na teoria social contempor?nea. Do confronto entre as id?ias dos autores descobre-se que, al?m das influ?ncias diretas do fil?sofo que o soci?logo reconhece, existem grandes paralelismos de pensamento. Ou seja, o pensamento pragm?tico do uso da linguagem que Wittgenstein realiza n?o diz respeito apenas ? linguagem, mas a todo comportamento socialmente constitu?do. Quando se constata que o comportamento social e ling??stico se instala no indiv?duo de forma t?cita, isso nos leva a teorizar sobre a dimens?o pr?-reflexiva que molda as a??es humanas e mesmo os h?bitos de pensamento. Os mesmos processos permitem que os usos da linguagem moldem as pr?ticas sociais mais amplas. Al?m disso, um dos seguidores de Wittgenstein, John Austin, fornece o fio condutor para reflex?es sobre como a linguagem se assemelha a uma a??o concreta atrav?s de sua teoria dos atos de fala. Finalmente, a terapia ling??stica que Wittgenstein reconhece como a sua proposta filos?fica ? assimilada por Bourdieu como um dos t?picos necess?rios para o trabalho sociol?gico
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Engström, Lizbeth. "Kliniken flyttar hem : Sjuksköterskans institutionella praktik inom specialiserad palliativ hemsjukvård." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik, didaktik och utbildningsstudier, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-167028.
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The thesis focuses on the nurse and her practice in end-of-life care in the field of palliative home care. The overall question is how nurses come to do what they do within this practice and where they get the practice, which can also be expressed as the genesis and structure of the practice. The thesis’ social relevance takes its starting point in the Swedish Elderly Care Act (Ädelreformen) and theoretical inspiration from Foucault’s discourse analysis regarding the establishment of the clinic. The thesis has a practice-theoretical approach in which Bourdieu’s habitus concept, explaining how practice is generated, is central. The habitus concept can be described as a set of subjective dispositions in the individual that prompt her to act in a certain way. These dispositions are expressed in attitudes, strategies, and capacities and can be seen in relation to the practice structure. The thesis’ method is based on observations, conversations, and interviews with the nurses about their work, education, and social background. Conversations between the nurses and the spouse living with the sick person were recorded and transcribed. Encompassed by the study were six nurses, whose work was followed for seven months in 13 private homes. The actions performed by the nurses in their practice proved to be homogenous, a circumstance they were not aware of. There was agreement between the nurses’ underlying structure and how they handled their practice, i.e. the end-of-life care in the private home. The nurses had similar ideals and had developed similar habituses as they grew up and during their adult lives. The thesis is empiric in that the reader follows the nurse in her work in private homes. The nurse organizes this care in the home in consultation with the patient and the person living with them in an extraordinarily cautious manner. How the nurse handles difficult situations and conversations with spouses and often dying patients, is viewed in relation to the nurse’s habitus and dispositions. Key words: nurse, palliative home care, practice theory, habitus, observation, pedagogical practice, Bourdieu, FoucaultLokal för dispuation ändrad till Universitetshuset sal X.
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Ankarloo, Oskar. "Klappa händerna när du är riktigt glad? : Applåden som ritual under den klassiska konserten." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för musik och bild (MB), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-100630.
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Uppsatsens syfte är att bidra till en djupare förståelse för hur applåden fungerar som en ritual under den klassiska konserten samt hur praxis kring den traderas, då den klassiska konsertens ritualer och normer kan kännas underliga och avskräckande för den som aldrig närvarat vid en sådan. Med en kvalitativ intervjumetod har två informanter frågats om deras upplevelser och tankar kring applåder och den klassiska konserten. Det empiriska material som skapats används som grund för en analys med hjälp av Bourdieus sociologiska begrepp fält, habitus och kapital, Ronald L. Grimes tankar kring det rituella fältet, samt övergripande ritualteori för att bidra med en djupare förståelse kring applåden i samband med den klassiska konserten. Applåden som ritual skapar social mening, signalerar uppskattning för det som publiken upplevt och bildar även en känsla av grupptillhörighet och solidaritet. Applåden upplevs vara viktig för att de som deltagit under konserten ska få utlopp för sina känslor och kommunicera detta mellan publik och musiker, och även sinsemellan den sittande publiken, särskilt i en miljö som kan upplevas som disciplinerad och stram. Traderingen av applådens praxis sker delvis genom misstag då en individ prövar sig fram i konsertupplevelsen, samt genom observation av erfarna i publiken. Presentatörer och andra nyckelpersoner kan bidra med en förklaring av en konsert innan den börjar för att underlätta för deltagarna, och det rika material som finns på olika konserthus hemsidor bidrar med en chans att låta den nyfikna förbereda sig innan den tar klivet in i en ny miljö. Även om det kan applåderas fel under en konsert så kan detta under vissa förutsättningar leda till en delad positiv upplevelse som på sikt kan leda till en lättad syn på applåden under den klassiska konserten.
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Morales, Rubio Luis Enrique. "Det symboliska kapitalet på bilder : En jämförelse studie av blider från två kommunala gymnasieskolors hemsidor." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik och didaktik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-158053.
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Hemsidor är väldigt populära idag. Där finns mycket information som påverkar vårt sätt att handla, tänka och interagera. Samtidigt kan hemsidorna ha information som kan analyseras och tolkas på olika sätt med hjälp av olika teorier. Denna studie utgår från Bourdieus socialaklassteori och Basil Bernsteins teori om pedagogiska identiteter. Studien analyserar två gymnasiehemsidor. Bilden av den goda eleven studeras noggrant samt de olika stereotyperna på hemsidorna. Denna studie gör en diskursanalys av sexbilder som pekar på elevernas aktiviteter på två kommunala skolor och på skillnader mellan dem. Det gäller en kommunal gymnasieskola i centrala Stockholm ochkommunalgymnasieskola i en Stockholmsförort. Studien visar att det finns en polarisering mellan skolorna. Norra Real Gymnasium som är skolan från centrala Stockholm inriktar sig mot samhällets elitoch eleverna därverkar ha mer symbolisktkapital och haraktiviteter som utvecklardetta vidare. Tensta Gymnasium, som är gymnasieskolan iförorten,fokuserar mest på integrationgenom att göra aktiviteter som utvecklar elevernasätt att integrera sig i samhället. Det är ganska vaga aktiviteter såsomattklistra in olika färger frånhänderna på väggen.Website pages are very popular today. There is a lot of information that affects our way of shopping, thinking and interacting. At the same time, the websites may have information that can be analyzed and interpreted in different ways using different theories.This study is based on Bourdieu's social class theory and Basil Bernstein's theory of educational identities. The study analyzestwo high school websites. The image of the good student is studied carefully as well as the different stereotypes on the websites. This study makes a discourse analysis of six images that points to the students' activities at two municipal schools and on differences between them. This applies to a municipal upper secondary school in central Stockholm and municipal upper secondary school in a Stockholm suburb. The study shows that there is a polarization between schools. Norra Real Gymnasium, which is the school from central Stockholm, focuses on society's elite and the students there seem to have more symbolic capital and have activities that further develop this. Tensta Gymnasium, which is the secondary school in the suburb, focuses most on integration by doing activities that develop students' ways of integrating themselves into society.It's quite vague activities like sticking paper hands of different colors on a wall.
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Bogic, Anna D. "Rehabilitating Howard M. Parshley: A Socio-Historical Study of the English Translation of Beauvoir's Le deuxième sexe, with Latour and Bourdieu." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/19600.
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This study documents the problematic translator-publisher relationship in the case of the English translation of Simone de Beauvoir’s Le deuxième sexe. The socio-historical investigation of the case study demonstrates that the 1953 translation was complicated by several factors: the translator’s lack of philosophical knowledge, the editor’s demands to cut and simplify the text, the publisher’s intention to emphasize the book’s scientific cachet, and Beauvoir’s lack of cooperation. The investigation focuses on two aspects: the translator’s subservience and the involvement of multiple actors.
Primarily concerned with the interaction between the translator and other actors, this study seeks answers that require investigation into historical documents and the work of other scholars critical of The Second Sex. In this enquiry, more than one hundred letters between the translator, H. M. Parshley, and the publisher, Knopf, are thoroughly analyzed. The study combines Bruno Latour’s and Pierre Bourdieu’s sociological concepts in order to provide a more detailed and encompassing examination within the context of Translation Studies. The letter correspondence is the primary evidence on which the study’s conclusions are based.Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada
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Vosloo, Frances Antoinette. "Om te skryf deur te vertaal en te vertaal deur te skryf : Antjie Krog as skrywer/vertaler." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4011.
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Thesis (DLitt (Afrikaans and Dutch))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This dissertation explores Antjie Krog as translator within the Afrikaans and English literary field in South Africa. The focus of the study is primarily on Krog’s translation of her own work, namely her prose works Country of my skull and A change of tongue/’n Ander tongval, and poetry Down to my last skin, die sterre sê ‘tsau’/the stars say ‘tsau’ and Verweerskrif/Body bereft. Although Krog is also renowned for her work as translator of others’ work, the concept self translation is particularly relevant for this study: to write through translation and translate through writing. The study has a dual objective: on a polysystemic level Krog’s position and status as translator and that of her translation products within the Afrikaans and English literary field in South Africa is researched; on a sociocultural level Bourdieu’s concept habitus is employed in order to explore the underlying force behind Krog’s translation process. The focus throughout is on Krog’s double writing, the overlapping of the act of writing and the act of translating as it resonates on textual and metatextual level. Although a Bourdieusian reading of translations is a relatively unexplored terrain in the South African translation field, this study aims to add fresh insights into a dispositional view of the translator in his or her space within the literary field. In the course of this study philosophical concepts of Deleuze and Guattari, Kristeva and Bhabha are employed. Deleuze and Guattari’s concept minor literature is employed insofar the act of translation and the translation product reflects a different subjectivity. Kristeva’s concept the abject is likewise explored in the way it is reflected in Krog’s writing and translating. In the end it is argued that Krog, when writing in her non-mother tongue and when translating, is situated in a hybrid space, an in-between space. This study thus shifts from a polysystemic analysis of Krog’s translation products to a more individual approach and the notion that Krog’s habitus as writer is inextricably linked to her habitus as translator; that translation is an embodied process.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie proefskrif is ’n studie van Antjie Krog as vertaler binne die Afrikaanse en Engelse literêre veld in Suid-Afrika. In hierdie studie word daar slegs op Krog se vertaling van haar eie werk gekonsentreer, naamlik die prosawerke Country of my skull en A change of tongue/’n Ander tongval, en die poësie Down to my last skin, die sterre sê ‘tsau’/the stars say ‘tsau’ en Verweerskrif/Body bereft. Hoewel Krog ook as vertaler van ander skrywers se werk bekend is, is dit veral die konsep selfvertaling wat in hierdie studie van belang is: om te skryf deur vertaling en vertaal deur te skryf. Die studie neem ’n tweeledige vorm aan: op ’n polisistemiese vlak word die posisie en status van Krog as vertaler, en ook van haar vertaalprodukte binne die Afrikaanse en Engelse literêre veld in Suid-Afrika ondersoek; op ’n sosiokulturele vlak word Bourdieu se konsep habitus ingespan ten einde die onderliggende dryfvere agter die vertaalproses van Krog te ondersoek. Die deurlopende fokus is op die dubbele skrywerskap van Krog; die oorvleueling van die skryfhandeling en vertaalhandeling soos dit op tekstuele en metatekstuele vlak resoneer. Alhoewel ’n sosiokulturele (Bourdieuaanse) lesing van vertaaltekste ’n relatief onbekende terrein in Suid-Afrikaanse vertaalteoretiese kringe is, wil hierdie studie aantoon dat ’n disposisionele beskouing van die vertaler in sy of haar ruimte binne die literêre veld vars insigte bring. Deur die loop van die studie word filosofiese konsepte van Deleuze en Guattari, Kristeva en Bhabha betrek. Deleuze en Guattari se denkinstrument van ’n mineurletterkunde word ingespan sover die vertaalhandeling en -produk ’n andersoortige subjektiwiteit weerspieël. Hierbenewens word Kristeva se konsep van die abjekte in Krog se skryf- en vertaalhandeling ondersoek. Uiteindelik word dit aangevoer dat Krog as vertaler binne ’n hibriede ruimte, ’n tussenruimte funksioneer wanneer sy in Engels skryf en wanneer sy vertaal. Hierdie studie beweeg dus van ’n polisistemiese ondersoek na Krog se vertaalprodukte tot by ’n meer individuele ondersoek na die beskouing dat Krog se habitus as skrywer onlosmaaklik verbind is aan haar habitus as vertaler, en dat die proses van vertaling ’n beliggaamde proses is.
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Macfarlane, Kym Majella. "An analysis of parental engagement in contemporary Queensland schooling." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2006. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16322/1/Kym_Macfarlane_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis examines an instance of the failure of a parent-led bid for a new local school in Queensland at the end of the last millennium. This parent-led and school-endorsed initiative failed despite a policy climate that appeared actively to encourage such initiatives from government funded school communities. The work shows that the parents of Sunnyvale College, (a pseudonym), were both encouraged by the policy environment and discouraged by the response given to their new schooling initiative, from being full educational partners in the process of the schooling of their children. The unanticipated failure is investigated as a case study of parent engagement set against a background of relationships between government and particular educational stakeholders in that time and place. It examines how these relationships are played out in this context and what the implications of this are for contemporary relationships of this type.
Because the approach to the case study is not based on any assumption that the " failure" was the outcome of a pernicious state, the investigation acknowledges the discontinuous nature of such educational relationships and thus, refuses notions of linearity and continuity. The case study approach draws on poststructuralist scholarship, in particular the work of Michel Foucault (1979-84), who is the key theorist informing the investigation. Foucault's theories relating to truth, power and governmentality, are of particular interest and are used as a basis for argument and analysis.
The case study is conducted in three key parts. First, the study brings together an overarching framework of interpretive and theoretical bricolage, which works to allow multiple theoretical perspectives and understandings to inform the process of investigation. Second, there is an acknowledgement of the importance of history and also, of historical contingency, in the production of events such as this failure. Thus, there is an historical account of the establishment of schools in Queensland, particularly in the 1990s, and an exploration of the differences in the establishment process across this decade. This exploration is undertaken by working backwards through relevant archival documents and other data in order to highlight the discontinuous nature of such processes. This means that parent/school relationships are historicised, using a macro and micro analysis to understand how such relationships have been produced over time. The case in question is situated within this historicising, allowing for an exploration of its nature and setting, its historical background, the roles of particular individuals, and the processes and procedures that were important in the development of the case. The third part of the study involves re-theorising parent/school relationships in contemporary contexts.
The main argument of the case study is that there was a shift in the discursive constitution of schooling that was taking place at the very time that the initiative was undertaken in 1997. It is argued that the school community in question was working out of a set of assumptions about school partnerships, which had already been substantially reinscribed by a new discursive system. This new system reframed " choice" and " community" in terms of the " performative" rather than the " democratic" school.
The main arguments and findings in the case study are then used to re-theorise parent/school relationships in post-millennial Queensland, particularly in relation to policy reform. This re-theorising is conducted in the form of a discourse analysis of current federal and state government policy and other types of data, which are relevant to schooling in contemporary contexts. Various interpretive and theoretical perspectives are used in this process of re-theorising, including notions of performativity (Ball, 2003a, 2003b, 2004), responsibilisation (Rose, 1990, 1999, 2000) and pedagogicalisation (Popkewitz, 2003). Such notions are employed to build on the lines of inquiry that develop as a consequence of the use of Foucauldian theory in the earlier part of the study. These concepts are also used to develop new epistemological understanding of parent/school relationships in contemporary contexts. The work of Pierre Bourdieu (1984, 2001) further assists in the conceptualisation of parent engagement in schooling as a game played on the field of schooling.
As a consequence of this re-theorising, it is argued that parent engagement in schooling is a focus of increased attention on the part of educational stakeholders and is increasingly demanded by way of increased levels of responsibilised participation. This trend raises questions about the levels of fatigue and anxiety that could result for parents as a consequence of such demanding levels of performance. Additionally, an argument is presented that " performative" parenting is a prescribed set of activities, not an open invitation to leadership and high-level decision-making. Thus, as previously mentioned, choice is always already framed, as " proper" parents make " informed" choices with regard to their children's schooling. This thesis concludes that " performative" schools offer new and problematic subject positions for " performative" parents, which are inviting more engagement but constraining the type of partnership that is possible between parents and schools.
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Macfarlane, Kym Majella. "An analysis of parental engagement in contemporary Queensland schooling." Queensland University of Technology, 2006. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16322/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines an instance of the failure of a parent-led bid for a new local school in Queensland at the end of the last millennium. This parent-led and school-endorsed initiative failed despite a policy climate that appeared actively to encourage such initiatives from government funded school communities. The work shows that the parents of Sunnyvale College, (a pseudonym), were both encouraged by the policy environment and discouraged by the response given to their new schooling initiative, from being full educational partners in the process of the schooling of their children. The unanticipated failure is investigated as a case study of parent engagement set against a background of relationships between government and particular educational stakeholders in that time and place. It examines how these relationships are played out in this context and what the implications of this are for contemporary relationships of this type. Because the approach to the case study is not based on any assumption that the " failure" was the outcome of a pernicious state, the investigation acknowledges the discontinuous nature of such educational relationships and thus, refuses notions of linearity and continuity. The case study approach draws on poststructuralist scholarship, in particular the work of Michel Foucault (1979-84), who is the key theorist informing the investigation. Foucault's theories relating to truth, power and governmentality, are of particular interest and are used as a basis for argument and analysis. The case study is conducted in three key parts. First, the study brings together an overarching framework of interpretive and theoretical bricolage, which works to allow multiple theoretical perspectives and understandings to inform the process of investigation. Second, there is an acknowledgement of the importance of history and also, of historical contingency, in the production of events such as this failure. Thus, there is an historical account of the establishment of schools in Queensland, particularly in the 1990s, and an exploration of the differences in the establishment process across this decade. This exploration is undertaken by working backwards through relevant archival documents and other data in order to highlight the discontinuous nature of such processes. This means that parent/school relationships are historicised, using a macro and micro analysis to understand how such relationships have been produced over time. The case in question is situated within this historicising, allowing for an exploration of its nature and setting, its historical background, the roles of particular individuals, and the processes and procedures that were important in the development of the case. The third part of the study involves re-theorising parent/school relationships in contemporary contexts. The main argument of the case study is that there was a shift in the discursive constitution of schooling that was taking place at the very time that the initiative was undertaken in 1997. It is argued that the school community in question was working out of a set of assumptions about school partnerships, which had already been substantially reinscribed by a new discursive system. This new system reframed " choice" and " community" in terms of the " performative" rather than the " democratic" school. The main arguments and findings in the case study are then used to re-theorise parent/school relationships in post-millennial Queensland, particularly in relation to policy reform. This re-theorising is conducted in the form of a discourse analysis of current federal and state government policy and other types of data, which are relevant to schooling in contemporary contexts. Various interpretive and theoretical perspectives are used in this process of re-theorising, including notions of performativity (Ball, 2003a, 2003b, 2004), responsibilisation (Rose, 1990, 1999, 2000) and pedagogicalisation (Popkewitz, 2003). Such notions are employed to build on the lines of inquiry that develop as a consequence of the use of Foucauldian theory in the earlier part of the study. These concepts are also used to develop new epistemological understanding of parent/school relationships in contemporary contexts. The work of Pierre Bourdieu (1984, 2001) further assists in the conceptualisation of parent engagement in schooling as a game played on the field of schooling. As a consequence of this re-theorising, it is argued that parent engagement in schooling is a focus of increased attention on the part of educational stakeholders and is increasingly demanded by way of increased levels of responsibilised participation. This trend raises questions about the levels of fatigue and anxiety that could result for parents as a consequence of such demanding levels of performance. Additionally, an argument is presented that " performative" parenting is a prescribed set of activities, not an open invitation to leadership and high-level decision-making. Thus, as previously mentioned, choice is always already framed, as " proper" parents make " informed" choices with regard to their children's schooling. This thesis concludes that " performative" schools offer new and problematic subject positions for " performative" parents, which are inviting more engagement but constraining the type of partnership that is possible between parents and schools.
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Chan, Siu-wah, and 陳少華. "Explaining education success with special reference to Bourdieu's theory of cultural capital." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31959994.
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Chan, Siu-wah. "Explaining education success with special reference to Bourdieu's theory of cultural capital." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20264276.
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Davey, Gayna. "Defining the middle classes : using Bourdieu's trilogy of habitus, capital and field to deconstruct the reproduction of middle-class privilege." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2009. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/173803/.
Full textAbstract:
This is a thesis about the middle classes. Using Bourdieu's trilogy of habitus, capital and field, the thesis attempts to capture the logic of practice embedded in middle-class decision-making. Drawing on longitudinal, qualitative research across two sixth-form institutions, I explore how young people's and parents' narratives disrupt dominant accounts of the middle class as homogenously privileged and strategic players in the field of education. The thesis therefore proposes a more nuanced representation of middle class practice. Furthermore, with a fee-paying sixth-form the primary research site, the thesis addresses a neglected and often demonised 'other'. The research explores the problems and gaps in the way that Bourdieu has been used so far to understand educational decision-making as a classed practice. I argue there has been a tendency to focus on the successful and straightforward educational outcomes of middle-class young people. The literature says very little about their practices, and there is a tendency to represent them as symbols of their parents' success. In many ways, middle-class young people are offered as a privileged, homogenous 'other' to working-class disadvantage. When the lens is directed to their parents, the literature emphasises how capital accumulations are strategically deployed to secure advantage for their children. The particular and practical logic generated by habitus is replaced by deliberate strategy. Although using a Bourdieuian vocabulary, when representing the middle classes, the workings of the habitus are largely absent.
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Nations, Jennifer Marie. "Networks and Cultural Bridges: A Case Study with the Tarahumara of Northern Mexico." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2007. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1309.
Full textAbstract:
Network and cultural bridge theories predict the source and durability of cultural boundaries, including how cultural boundaries are overcome in order for differing groups to have meaningful exchanges. Ethnographic interview data with three research subjects in Northern Mexico reveals the strengths and weaknesses of each theory. Minita Bustillos, Juan Daniel Villalobos, and Horacio Echeverría contribute to bridging ties between the closed indigenous community of the Tarahumara and outside Mexican and American groups. Their positions elucidate the veracity of theoretical propositions found in network and cultural bridge theories. Findings suggest that though useful in understanding several aspects of network structure and bridging, network theory does not fully explain how a person becomes part of a network bridge or what social capabilities may be useful for someone in that position. Cultural bridge theories extend the explanation by showing the importance of relationship building in bridging, but rely too heavily on the notion that a single individual can provide the cultural capital and resources necessary to be a cross-cultural bridge in and of themselves. The additional concepts of habitus and cultural tool-kits supplement these perspectives by explaining how respondents acquired cultural and social knowledge that allows them to make connections in multiple distinct networks and how the respondents can so naturally say and do things to garner trust from members of both groups. This research shows how the theoretical concepts can be used in application to a specific social context. It also provides support for the possible use of the concepts of habitus, network bridging, and tool-kits for training members of grass roots organizations attempting to bridge between distinct, and even opposing, social groups.
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Cupo, Dimitra. "Toward a Theory of Female Subjectivity." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2010. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1219.
Full textAbstract:
Poststructuralist accounts of gender provide a useful theoretical space to unpack the workings of power and domination as they structure the organization of our language, representations, concepts, and discourse in general. One significant flaw of this theory is a failure to adequately account for the social realm of embodied individuals, social interactions, and interpretive moments. In this paper, I offer conventional femininity as a particular type of gendered habitus that highlights this theoretical flaw as it necessarily links what is promising and useful about poststructuralist accounts of gender with the physical, social, interactive, and interpretive everyday lives of women.
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Gunvik-Grönbladh, Ingegerd. "Att bli bemött och att bemöta : En studie om meritering i tillsättning av lektorat vid Uppsala universitet." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik, didaktik och utbildningsstudier, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-234705.
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The general purpose of this thesis is to contribute to further understanding of the academic appointment process explored and defined as participation in a collegial educational process. The appointment process for academic positions has historically been regulated by state authorities ever since the first university was established in Sweden and has continuously been questioned for necessity, procedure etc. The object of study is the appointment process focusing the consideration of teaching skill in appointing academic teachers. A theoretical construction is used as a method in order to grasp what the experts and applicants consider. The thesis draws theoretical inspiration from the French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu especially his work on social practice and his explanations within praxeological knowledge. In this thesis cultural capital, habitus and doxa are used as concepts for constructing a social practice. Inspired by Bourdieu’s concepts, the appointment process is made visible grounded on documentation: judgments of qualifications written by external experts and the applicants’ documentation in their applications. The empirical material on merits is analyzed according to Bourdieu’s indicators on symbolic capacities. The disposition of habitus (as an inner organizing principle) is limited to cultural capital and background demographic data. The indicators on scientific skill are also transmitted into symbolic capacities on teaching skill. Three appointments as assistant professors are analyzed, framed by information on advertisement, description of documentation, time lapse and final decision in appointment committees. The main conclusions are that the experts select whom to appoint using their practical sense unaware of the driving forces, explained as social practice. The experts act in line with the purpose of the assignment and they follow all the rules and instructions. Teaching skill is focused by the applicants and experts as practical mastery in the subject field (pedagogical authority). Selection is explained by the concept of habitus. Another conclusion is the tendency to “nuanced” co-optation similar to when appointments were made by self selection and teaching ability was important in early 19th century. A final conclusion is that in positioning of arguments in shared beliefs (doxa) in questioning the appointment process, researchers in the early years of this century represent heterodox opinions.
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Harengel, Peter. "Three Tales of Dominant Technological Artifacts : Tracing the Paths from Success to Domination of Software Applications with the Help of Latour's Actor-Network-Theory and Bourdieu's Capital Theory." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-5265.
Full textAbstract:
Domination in the software application industry has been an issue since its early years. But how do these situations of market domination come into existence? This thesis discusses conventional approaches towards understanding market domination and their inherent weaknesses. As a result a new understanding, based on Actor-Network-Theory and Capital Theory unfolds, which achieves the uncovering of a much deeper complexity on how market domination comes into existence.
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Feres, Glória Georges. "A pós-graduação em Ensino de Ciências no Brasil : uma leitura a partir da teoria de Bourdieu /." Bauru : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102050.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Roberto NardiBanca: Jorge Megid Neto
Banca: Alberto Villani
Banca: Regina Célia Baptista Belluzzo
Banca: Fernando Bastos
Resumo: Buscou-se identificar origens, evolução, tendências e perspectivas da pós-graduação em Ensino de Ciências no Brasil para contribuir com a visibilidade da sua constituição e instituicionalização enquanto campo científico que apresenta características e cultura própria, além dos seus impactos na produção do conhecimento na área educacional do páís. Por meio de procedimentos metodológicos que envolveram o desenvolvimento de trajetória de pesquisas: bibliográfica, documental, campo e teórica, perseguiu-se esse objetivo, mediante a apropriação de aportes teóricos e, em especial, sob a ótica da teoria de Pierre Bourdieu. Isso permitiu identificar, descrever e conduzir à compreensão de conceitos relacionais presentes e à descrição da existência, constituição e institucionalização da área em foco no Brasil; procedendo-se também à identificação do espectro que a envolve, influenciado por marcos contextual de natureza econômica, social, política e cultural, com destaque à pesquisa, produção intelectual e à comunicação científica. Os resultados obtidos refletem as relações entre a teoria e a prática que se fazem presentes na pós-graduação em foco e que a distinguem como uma área do conhecimento de relevância no contexto brasileiro. Desse modo, pode-se concluir que: tem caráter multidisciplinar e uma historicidade própria no cenári educacional; sua representatividade está fundamentalmente apoiada nos programas de pós-graduação, em suas temáticas de formação de massa crítica e profissional, linhas e grupos de pesquisa e, ainda, na produção científica decorrente. Embora esteja consolidada e institucionalizada perante organismos como a Capes, ainda se ressente da existência de uma cultura da informação e da criação de uma Rede de Informação Especializada para o compartilhamento adequado do conhecimento gerado pelos seus agentes ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This study througt to identify the origins, trends and perspectives of the Science Education area in order to contribute to the visibility of its constitution and institutionalization as a scientific field that presents its own characteristics and culture, besides its impact on the production of knowledge in the educational field in the country. Through methodological procedures involving the development of the trajectory of bibliographic, documental, field and theoretical researches, we have tried to reach this objective, through the appropriation of theoretical subsidies, in particular, under the perspective of the Pierre Bourdieu's theory. This has allowed us to identify, describle and lead to the understanding of present relational concepts and institutionalization of this specific field in Brazil; and also the identification of a spectrum that surrounds this field, influenced by contextual limits of economic, social, political and culture nature, with emphasis on research, intellectual production and the scientific community. The results reflect the relations between theory and practice that are present in the field of Science Education and distinguish it as field of knowledge of great relevance in the Brazilian context. Thereby, we can conclude that: the field of Science Education has a multidisciplinary character and its own historicity in the education scene; its representationis fundamentally supported by graduate programs, in its formation thermes of critical and professional mass, lines and research groups and in the scientific output. Although this field is consolidated before institutionalized organizations such as CAPES, it still needs information culture and the creation of a specialized information network for the sharing of the adequate knowledge created by its agents ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Kleanthous, Irene. "Perceived parental influence on adolescent students' mathematical dispositions : a Bourdieusian perspective." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/perceived-parental-influence-on-adolescent-students-mathematical-dispositions-a-bourdieusian-perspective(c57c4cf1-62e5-410e-9708-64242417a0d0).html.
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Adolescent students’ perceptions of parental influence in relation to mathematics education is an under-researched area, since most studies in this area focus on parental involvement in primary mathematics. This research study aims to fill this gap in the literature by exploring adolescent students’ perceptions of parental influence on their dispositions towards studying mathematically-demanding courses in Higher Education (HE). This study employs mixed research methods to investigate students’ perceptions of parental influence with a survey (N=563) and semi-structured interviews with six students and their parents. Additional interviews were conducted with three immigrant families in Cyprus. The study builds on Bourdieu’s theory of reproduction of social inequalities and extends some concepts of Bourdieu’s theoretical framework to discuss parental influence. The main findings of this research study are reported in three journal papers whilst the papers are under review for publication. The first paper of the thesis reports the analysis of the quantitative data of this study by combining Rasch analysis with statistical modelling. The statistical analysis showed that parental influence is not statistically significant for predicting students’ mathematical dispositions in some models, when other background variables are included in the models. However, further statistical analysis showed that the effect of parental influence is mediated through students’ choice of mathematics course and their mathematical inclination. The non-statistical significance of parental influence in some models was interpreted as a ‘misrecognition’ after Bourdieu (1980). The same phenomenon was noted in the second paper of the thesis, where students and their parents ‘denied’ parental influence during their interviews. This was again interpreted as ‘misrecognition’ and parental influence is conceptualised as a form of ‘symbolic violence’ that parents exercise on their children. Arguably, parents possess more capital in the family field and their influence on their children’s educational choices might be unconscious, thus students’ misrecognise their parents’ influence but they draw significantly on their family’s capital to make their choices for future studies in HE.Lastly, the third paper of the thesis explored cultural differences in students’ perceptions of parental influence in England and Cyprus; stronger perceptions of parental influence were identified in immigrant students’ interviews compared to indigenous students in both countries. Bourdieu’s (1977) concept of ‘hysteresis’ was adapted to theorise this phenomenon. Arguably, while immigrant students’ habitus adjust to the new field, students become more reflective on their parents’ influence because of the reflexivity the hysteresis effect entails. In all three papers Bourdieu’s theoretical framework was used to operationalise students’ mathematical dispositions and to interpret the findings of this study. The main contributions to knowledge of this study is the operationalisation of students’ mathematical habitus; the new theoretical conceptualisation of parental influence as a form of symbolic violence in the family field and the extension of the hysteresis effect to interpret immigrant students’ stronger perceptions of their parents’ influence.
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Burnett, Patrick John. "The social emergence of health : a theoretical interpretation and empirical application of Pierre Bourdieu's relational theory of social action in a three-dimensional Canadian field." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/39782.
Full textAbstract:
Pierre Bourdieu's theory of social action has been the inspiration for an array of diverse
health studies seeking to better understand the nature of social stratification and its relation to
health behaviours and outcomes. While several of his well-known theoretical concepts, such
as social capital, cultural capital and habitus, have garnered a great deal of attention in the
health research community, the nature of their application has for the most part been limited
to deterministic schemas examining relationships between social position and social action.
There are as yet no health-related studies that offer a comprehensive theoretical account of
Bourdieu’s ‘constructivist structuralism,’ incorporating all of his theoretical conceptions of
field, habitus, capital, doxa and time. In light of these theoretical and empirical oversights, I
offer a health-relevant re-envisioning of Bourdieu's expansive body of work and examine the
implications of his relational framework for health research. Drawing upon a relational
exploratory analytic method called multiple correspondence analysis and using original
Canadian survey data from Vancouver and Toronto, Canada, I translate my interpretation of
Bourdieu’s theoretical principles into a thoroughly Bourdieusian empirical depiction of a
health-relevant three-dimensional geometric social space. The visual mapping of social space
revealed seven different groupings of individuals whose common attributes and dispositions
are socially patterned around health-related behaviours and outcomes, illuminating distinct
spaces of social differentiation within which healthy and unhealthy individuals are located.
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Mutiarasari, Clara Citra. "The Ambiguous Integration Concept as Reflected in the Role of Third Sector Organisations in Highly Skilled Refugees Employment Integration in Sweden." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-453448.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis studies the role of the third sector organisation [TSO] in highly skilled refugees' employment integration in Sweden. It attempts to contribute to the migration studies literature and nonprofit sector studies by focusing on the underresearched highly skilled refugees and several TSOs in Sweden, one of the major receiving countries in Europe during the refugee crisis. It discovers the challenges faced by the highly skilled refugees and the TSOs' solution to help them overcome the obstacles using Bourdieusian capital theory. In doing so, the TSOs are also shaping the integration concept of the nation, which is proven to be ambiguous. On the one hand, they preserve the construction of refugees as needing care and their difference from Sweden as weakness. On the other hand, they challenge the idea that integration is primarily refugees' responsibility and attempt to change employers' unwillingness to hire with the concept of diversity as a strength. Despite that, the TSOs do not significantly challenge the dominant integration concept in Sweden and the state. This thesis argues that it may be explained by the strong trust between the government and civil society stemmed from the nation's historical development as an egalitarian welfare state.
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Adams, Nessa Cecelia. "Cultural diversity communication strategies in UK and US advertising agencies : a Bourdieusian analysis." Thesis, Brunel University, 2017. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/15825.
Full textAbstract:
The rise of black and minority ethnic (BME) populations in the UK and US in recent years has led to the introduction of cultural diversity communication strategies within the advertising industry. These strategies draw on beliefs, and cultural and religious values to specifically target BME audiences. This thesis examines the processes involved in creating these strategies, by analysing the discourse and working practices of advertising practitioners. By drawing on interviews and ethnographic observations in eight advertising agencies in the UK and US, it compares the differences in producing cultural diversity communication strategies between a) the general market agencies targeting mass audiences, and b) the emerging cultural diversity agencies only targeting BME audiences. I argue that the creation of these strategies is subject to powerful constraints and institutional racism, limiting market opportunities for advertising. The thesis starts by bringing together Bourdieu's theories of habitus and field theory (1977; 1984; 1993) with contemporary studies of the relationship between 'race' and media practices. This union sets the foundation for my adaption of field theory to analyse contemporary advertising practices and to examine how discourse, working practices and 'professional advertising organisations' reinforce racist ideologies and audience exclusion. In the second part of the thesis, this theoretical framework is applied to the fieldwork. Firstly, my analysis evidences the manifestation of racism across the field and how racial stereotypes are developed. Secondly, these attitudes shape the exclusionary practices that affect how CD communication strategies are executed, particularly in the UK. Lastly, I examine two 'diversity' events run by 'professional advertising organisations', analysing how they set 'good practice' standards and the power they have in shaping working practices across the industry. Ultimately, this thesis goes beyond existing studies on racial representations, and investigates the relationship between racism and intentionality amongst the industry's powerful constraints.
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Marriott, Laura-Lee. "Degrees of virtue : inculcating a professional academic habitus in the field of post 1992 higher education." Thesis, University of Derby, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10545/322740.
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This study aims to contribute original knowledge of the identity ofpost-1992 academics to inform the debate surrounding the professionalization of higher education teachers. The setting was a modem university in the East Midlands. Bourdieusian theoretical conceptualizations of the mediated relations between agency and structure (habitus/field theory) were applied to deconstruct/reconstruct the nature of these relations within the university's academic workforce. This investigation revealed disjunctions amongst staff members. The study's findings suggest that these might be addressed through structured training in the logic of practice for recruits. Bourdieu [1930-2002] developed a mixed methods methodology, combining positivist and phenomenological research paradigms to ensure breadth and depth in ethical data interrogations. This approach informed the sequential mixed design of the study. The first phase (survey) elicited profile and benchmarking data and perceptions of field forces and conditions from sixty respondents. Most lacked teaching qualifications or experience on entry. The second phase (fifteen interviews) captured personal narratives for subsequent thematic analysis. Current evaluation of primary data indicates three significant trajectories analyses: effective actionlbehaviour arising from the meaningful convergence of the individual's competences (mapped as habitus), the organizational environment (field) and the job's demands (practice). Data filtration through these lenses uncovered destabilizing divergences. Significantly, most participants eschewed identification as an 'academic'; seeing themselves as first and foremost a teacher. Their key concerns were negative perceptions of management and student demands as threats to personal efficacy, thus an accredited teacher training programme instilling a dual professionalism was broadly welcomed. This study provides timely sociological perspectives on the government's recent positive correlation between funding and new staff accreditation. Institutional reliance upon existing and contract staff, however, suggests their training needs warrant further investigation. This thesis argues for such training to make explicit the science of pedagogy and the art of teaching to all teaching staff through the conscious integration of habitus/field theory in higher education teacher training. In this way, both agent and field are strengthened, to their mutual advantage.
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Pecotte, de Gonzalez Brenda C. "The farm worker story| The cylical life of seasonal, domestic farm workers in San Luis, Arizona from history to habitus." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1537194.
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The farm workers who diligently tend and harvest the US fields and produce is a major component of the agriculture industry. This research explores the current issues and challenges that domestic, seasonal farm workers face through the lenses of embodiment and habitus theory. Narratives and insights from interviews were integrated with current literature to present a complete picture of the cyclical life of the domestic farm worker in San Luis, Arizona. This thesis argues that farm work is a unique profession which has left its mark on the body and the behavior. Those in the border region have added agency due to the opportunities the border presents. As this research highlights, additional attention and research is needed to redesign policies and initiatives to adequately assist and provide for a population that provides so much.
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Feres, Glória Georges [UNESP]. "A pós-graduação em Ensino de Ciências no Brasil: uma leitura a partir da teoria de Bourdieu." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102050.
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feres_gg_dr_bauru.pdf: 4575100 bytes, checksum: 1cc45d9e87cbf1f7d04206f199e71f16 (MD5)Buscou-se identificar origens, evolução, tendências e perspectivas da pós-graduação em Ensino de Ciências no Brasil para contribuir com a visibilidade da sua constituição e instituicionalização enquanto campo científico que apresenta características e cultura própria, além dos seus impactos na produção do conhecimento na área educacional do páís. Por meio de procedimentos metodológicos que envolveram o desenvolvimento de trajetória de pesquisas: bibliográfica, documental, campo e teórica, perseguiu-se esse objetivo, mediante a apropriação de aportes teóricos e, em especial, sob a ótica da teoria de Pierre Bourdieu. Isso permitiu identificar, descrever e conduzir à compreensão de conceitos relacionais presentes e à descrição da existência, constituição e institucionalização da área em foco no Brasil; procedendo-se também à identificação do espectro que a envolve, influenciado por marcos contextual de natureza econômica, social, política e cultural, com destaque à pesquisa, produção intelectual e à comunicação científica. Os resultados obtidos refletem as relações entre a teoria e a prática que se fazem presentes na pós-graduação em foco e que a distinguem como uma área do conhecimento de relevância no contexto brasileiro. Desse modo, pode-se concluir que: tem caráter multidisciplinar e uma historicidade própria no cenári educacional; sua representatividade está fundamentalmente apoiada nos programas de pós-graduação, em suas temáticas de formação de massa crítica e profissional, linhas e grupos de pesquisa e, ainda, na produção científica decorrente. Embora esteja consolidada e institucionalizada perante organismos como a Capes, ainda se ressente da existência de uma cultura da informação e da criação de uma Rede de Informação Especializada para o compartilhamento adequado do conhecimento gerado pelos seus agentes...
This study througt to identify the origins, trends and perspectives of the Science Education area in order to contribute to the visibility of its constitution and institutionalization as a scientific field that presents its own characteristics and culture, besides its impact on the production of knowledge in the educational field in the country. Through methodological procedures involving the development of the trajectory of bibliographic, documental, field and theoretical researches, we have tried to reach this objective, through the appropriation of theoretical subsidies, in particular, under the perspective of the Pierre Bourdieu's theory. This has allowed us to identify, describle and lead to the understanding of present relational concepts and institutionalization of this specific field in Brazil; and also the identification of a spectrum that surrounds this field, influenced by contextual limits of economic, social, political and culture nature, with emphasis on research, intellectual production and the scientific community. The results reflect the relations between theory and practice that are present in the field of Science Education and distinguish it as field of knowledge of great relevance in the Brazilian context. Thereby, we can conclude that: the field of Science Education has a multidisciplinary character and its own historicity in the education scene; its representationis fundamentally supported by graduate programs, in its formation thermes of critical and professional mass, lines and research groups and in the scientific output. Although this field is consolidated before institutionalized organizations such as CAPES, it still needs information culture and the creation of a specialized information network for the sharing of the adequate knowledge created by its agents ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Akhand, Z. "Tax compliance in immigrant communities : Bangladeshis in the UK." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/36372.
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This thesis employs Bourdieu's theory of practice to explore small immigrant business owners' adaptation to the host country's income tax system. In doing this, the thesis applies a sociological perspective in the theorizing and study of their tax compliance behaviour. Drawing on a survey (N=101) and in-depth interviews (N=27) with Bangladeshi family business owners and their tax advisers in the UK, this thesis demonstrates that immigrant business owners' engagement with the host country's tax system is grounded in the sociocultural status they inherit from their country of origin, even though their social class positions in the new society unconsciously condition and impact on how they practise tax compliance. Findings suggest that the power relations inherent in the tax professional-taxpayer relationship act as a critical factor in the reproduction and transformation of immigrant business owners' moral disposition towards compliance with tax laws. The thesis argues that the ways small Bangladeshi family business owners think, feel and act in their approach to tax compliance is likely to differ not only from those of native business communities but also from those of other immigrant communities in the UK.
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Wynter, Carlene Beth. "Property tax administration in practice : a case study of the Portmore Municipality, Jamaica." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/17580.
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The objective of this study is to obtain an in-depth understanding of the practical working of property tax administration in Jamaica. It highlights the major enforcement and compliance practices along with how the invisible and underlying interactions of actors in the field shape these practices. It also explores those issues and circumstances along with the existing patterns of interests which have contributed to the continued practice of the central administration of the property tax. The study also emphasizes struggles in the property tax field between the various players: the tax authority, the politicians, the developers, the local authorities, the central government and the taxpayers and how each one uses its capital to maintain or dominate its position within the property tax field. The findings revealed that there were various tensions and struggles among the different players within property tax field in Jamaica. The players in the field used their ‘capitals’ to maintain, dominate and or attempt to make changes to the property tax rules. The findings suggest that some property tax enforcement practices were the means through which these tensions were manifested and resolved or on the other hand, the tax authority attempted to use the current practices as hidden agendas to highlight those tensions in order to stand their ground or obliquely suggest changes or even to demonstrate its tacit support of government policies. The findings also suggest that the non-localization of the property tax may be due to varied political interests, mistrust in the local authorities and also the perception by some players that there’s a lack of capital at the local level to manage the tax. Finally, taxpayers’ used their social, economic and cultural capital to resist enforcement and compliance efforts cheating the government of much needed revenues Property tax although not an important national tax is a critical source of revenue for local communities globally. An increased understanding of the working of the practices is beneficial and has implications for both taxpayers and policymakers. The three research questions posed in my study address and highlight the main property tax enforcement strategies and how the tax authority and policymakers use their capital to shape these practices; the extent to which non-localization of the property tax within the Portmore Municipality is influenced by the political dispositions of the players in the field and thirdly the dimensions of property tax compliance and non-compliance in Jamaica. The questions seek to demonstrate how the combination of the actions and interactions of tax administrators, taxpayers, politicians, developers, government bureaucrats reshape administrative practices in the property tax field which have implications for revenue generation and the provision of services. In keeping with the adoption of an interpretive inductive approach, face-to-face interviews were conducted with tax administrators, policymakers, councillors, mayors, taxpayers, members of civil society, a developer and a tax professional. A theoretical framework is created which combines the major themes and theoretical concepts within three strands of literature: tax administration, fiscal decentralization, and Bourdieu’s theory of practice. The structure provides the explanatory lens through which the findings are presented and interpreted. The study contributes to the tax scholarship through an interpretive methodical approach which gives an additional perspective on property tax administration. It answers the call for well-developed tax research dispelling the notion that tax research is adequately dealt with. This study contributes to the tax literature by demonstrating that taxation isn’t just a technical issue; that the legal framework and administrative framework don’t necessarily coincide with practice; that tax practice is shaped by the actions and interactions of players in the field, making it a social construction; that players use their power to influence property tax practice and that players actions are conditioned by their background. The study also contributes a conceptual framework for property tax practice.
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Hellman, Julia, and Klara Blomqvist. "Prao ur ett elevperspektiv – hur upplever elever prao?" Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för lärande och samhälle (LS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-30396.
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Undersökningens syfte är att få en inblick i vad elever i årskurs nio på en skola i Västra Götaland anser om prao, om praoperiodernas kvalitetssäkring samt om de upplever att praon varit till hjälp för gymnasievalet.Höstterminen 2018 blir det obligatoriskt med prao för elever i årskursåtta och nio. I samband med det och våra personliga upplevelser och erfarenheter från våra VFU-perioder under studie-och yrkesvägledarutbildningen uppstod vår tanke om detta examensarbete. Då vi kommit i kontakt med elever som haft delade åsikter om prao ville vi undersöka detta. I undersökning är frågeställningarna följande: “Hur upplever elever i årskurs 9 prao?” och “Hur har praon påverkat gymnasievalet?” För undersökningen valdes en kvalitativ metod. Vi har intervjuat sex stycken elever som går iårskurs nio på en grundskola belägen i Västra Götaland. Skolan valde vi ut efter personlig kännedom då en av oss haft VFU på utvalda skolan. Informanterna valdes ut av studie-och yrkesvägledaren efter önskade kriterier. Empirin analyseras utifrån teorierna Careership och Happenstance learning theory. Resultatet från undersökningen visar att elevernas upplevelse av prao är positiv. Eleverna tycker prao är givande, lärorikt, att det är intressant att få inblick i arbetslivet och nyttigt att få prova på olika arbetsuppgifter. Praon har hjälpt eleverna i gymnasievalet då de efter avslutad prao kunnat värdera och ta ett beslut om vilket gymnasieprogram de ska välja, för att sedan kunna välja ett yrke som passar eleven utifrån sin självkännedom i samspel medupplevelsen från sin prao. I resultatet framkommer även att praon behöver bli mer kvalitetssäkrad. Det finns brister både på praoplatserna och med för-och efterarbete i skolan.
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Markham, Timothy. "Bourdieusian political theory and social science : the field of war correspondence 1990-2003." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:af02a3e5-3853-4f67-afe3-4e94c8369788.
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This thesis examines the cogency of Bourdieusian political theory and social science on phenomenological, empirical and normative grounds. It investigates whether Bourdieu's philosophy of science leads logically to the political content of Bourdieusian theory, and concludes that the originary determinism which characterises Bourdieu's work is a normative commitment. Rather than characterising that which is bracketed out of Bourdieu's neo-Marxist phenomenology - that is, the level of determination accessible neither to the consciousness of the social agent nor the social scientist - as inherently coercive, the thesis argues that the Bourdieusian modeal can be defended on deontological grounds. Specifically, this entails a deontological acceptance of the cultural value of autonomy and accountability. The tension between these two in turn raises the problem of acceptable levels of exclusion and decontestation, and the thesis concludes that a qualified elitism is defensible and compatible with Boudieusian principles. The thesis incorporates a case study which serves two functions. First, it puts into empirical practice the principles of Bourdieusian philosophy of social science to ascertain what implications and normative commitments are built into Bourdieusian methodology. In this regard it concludes that while it is possible to produce constructive analysis of systematically misrecognised economies, it becomes necessary to delineate the point beyond which positing further levels of coercive determination is counter-productive - and this can only be done according to deontological criteria. Second, it assesses the merit of Bourdieusian sociologies relative to existing accounts of the journalistic field. It concludes that while Bourdieu is excessively dismissive of individual awareness of the conditions of their field, Bourdieusian field analysis produces significant insights into the processes of naturalisation, self-identification, esotericisation and disinterestedness.
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Goodrid, Matthew Charles. "Racial Complexities of Outdoor Spaces: An Analysis of African American’s Lived Experiences in Outdoor Recreation." Scholarly Commons, 2018. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/3121.
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This thesis examines the racial power imbalances that exists within the outdoor recreation industry. Despite participation rates being quantified, limited research explores the lived experiences and perspective of people of color. In this study, I explore the socio-historical development of outdoor recreational spaces, existing environmental habitus and African Americans lived experiences in outdoor recreation. To emphasize the voice of the participants, twelve African American millennials were interviewed. Questions in the interviews revolved around their perception of outdoor recreation and personal experiences while participating in outdoor recreation. Three overarching themes emerged from their stories, i) the typology of outdoor recreation, ii) outdoor recreation as a White activity and, iii) the role of environmental trauma. Upon exploring these themes, the conclusion was made that the participants did connect the socio-historical development of outdoor recreational spaces, existing environmental habitus and their lived experiences in outdoor recreation. Their connection led me to the conclusion that the low participation rates of African Americans in outdoor recreation is a complicated social phenomena that is connected to multiple facets of oppression. I then broke these facets of oppression into three tiers, i), the construction and maintenance of outdoor recreation as a White activity, and the Whiteness that is embedded deeply within the outdoor recreation configuration, ii), the history of financial and economic marginalization that communities of color have endured in the United States and iii), the environmental trauma that African Americans have experienced in outdoor settings throughout American history. These three tiers together make the participation in outdoor recreation a different and complicated experience for African Americans.
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Högborg, Louise. "När de kommer upp i tonåren så slutar de ändå bara : En kvalitativ studie om flickors förutsättningar att spela fotboll i Malmö ur ett tränarperspektiv." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik, konst och samhälle, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-86975.
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Den ideella sektorn i Sverige är den som aktiverar flest barn och unga (4-25 år) och fotboll är den idrott som är överlägset störst i Sverige. Även i Malmö är fotboll den idrott som aktiverar flest barn och unga. Tyvärr är de barn och unga som är aktiva inom fotbollen främst pojkar och flickorna blir färre och färre för varje år. Enligt Ung Livsstil forskningsrapport från 2017 var fotbollen på flicksidan svagare i Malmö än i övriga Sverige. Syftet med denna studie är därför att ge en djupare förståelse för vilka förutsättningar tränare i fotbollsföreningar upplever att de har för att skapa fotbollsverksamhet för flickor i Malmö. Vilka hinder och möjligheter stöter tränarna på och hur ser de på framtida tillväxt? Studiens empiriska material består av sex kvalitativa intervjuer samt styrdokument och lokala strategier från Fritidsförvaltningen, Malmö Stad. Vid analys av det empiriska materialet har Pierre Bourdieus kapitalteorier och Yvonne Hirdmans teori kring genussystem och genuskontrakt använts. Studiens resultat visade att de köns- och genusnormer som finns i samhället påverkade tränarnas förutsättningar att få flickor att spela fotboll både på och utanför planen. För att få tillgång till planen ställdes flickornas verksamhet i relation till pojkarnas både sett till antal utövare, men även på vilket sätt fotbollen förväntades utföras. Utanför planen påverkade föräldrarna genom att upprätthålla och reproducera bilden av flickan som en icke tävlingsinriktad individ. Analysen visade att tränarna upplevde sig som ensamma i rollen att få verksamheten att behålla men även att rekrytera nya medlemmar. Tränarnas upplevelser följde de mönster som tidigare forskning sett det vill säga att fotbollen domineras av manliga normer, värderingar och flickorna tilläts inte avvika alternativt få tillgång till samma arenor som pojkarna. Slutligen visade studien att genom bättre samarbete internt i föreningen men även externt med andra föreningar kunde förutsättningarna för tränarna förbättras och därigenom öka antalet fotbollsspelande flickor.
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Zharkevich, Ina. "'Changing times' : war and social transformation in Mid-Western Nepal." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:64d6de22-631c-4bb6-988a-d416eeb897fd.
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This thesis is an ethnographic account of social change, triggered by the civil war in Nepal (1996-2006). Based on an ethnographic fieldwork in the village of Thabang, the war-time capital of the Maoist base area, this thesis explores the transformative impact of the conflict on people’s everyday lives and on the constitution of key hierarchies structuring Nepali society. Rather than focusing on violence and fear – the commonly researched themes in warzones – the thesis examines people’s everyday social and embodied practices during the war and its aftermath, arguing that these remain central to our understanding of war-time social processes and the ways in which they shape the contours of post-conflict society. By focusing on mundane practices – such as meat-eating and alcohol-drinking, raising livestock and worshipping gods – the thesis demonstrates how change at the micro-level is illustrative of a profound transformation in the social structures constituting Nepali society. Theoretically, the thesis seeks to understand how the situation of war re-orders society: in this case, how people in the Maoist base area interiorized formerly transgressive norms and practices, and how these practices were normalized in the post-conflict environment. The research revealed that much of the change triggered by the conflict came as a result of the ‘exceptional’ times of war and the necessity to follow ‘rules that apply in times of crisis’. Thus, in adopting transgressive practices during the conflict, people were responding to the expediency of war-time rather than following Maoist war-time policies or ‘propaganda’. Furthermore, while adopting hitherto unimaginable practices and making them into habitual action, people transformed the rigid social structures, without necessarily intending to do so. The thesis puts particular stress on the centrality of unintended consequences in social change, the power of embodied practice in making change real, and the ways in which agency and structure are mutually constitutive.
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Fernandes, Rita de Cassia Paludetto. "Consumo como mediação social: a comunicação e a articulação entre as práticas e o habitus para o exercício da cidadania." Associação Escola Superior de Propaganda e Marketing, 2013. http://tede2.espm.br/handle/tede/131.
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Previous issue date: 2013-04-23Consumption is a cultural phenomenon of the contemporary society, an interaction space, where social and political senses are negotiated. As a research field, consumption has become relevant in studies of applied social sciences due to its multidimensionality of expression and richness of materialities and subjectivities. In this research, the object of study is the "consumption as social mediation for citizenship," social mediation understood from Manuel Martín Serrano‟s point of view. To achieve this understanding, we explored the perceptions and understandings of consumption and the actions and practices of individuals subject to the urban context of São Paulo, seeking to raise and joint actions that promote reinterpretation of meanings and relationships. The challenge of empirical research includes a qualitative study using Grounded Theory as a methodological procedure combined with the inductive logic and the rules of interpretation and interpretive analytical procedures. The analysis result provides semantization "consumption as social mediation for the exercise of citizenship" as meaning "political transposition tactic," limited understanding of the empirical universe, basis of this dissertation.
O consumo é um fenômeno cultural da sociedade contemporânea, um espaço de interação, onde são negociados sentidos sociais e políticos. Enquanto campo de pesquisa, o consumo já conquistou relevância nos estudos das ciências sociais aplicadas por sua multidimensionalidade de expressão e riqueza de materialidades e subjetividades. Nesta pesquisa, o objeto de estudo é o consumo como mediação social para o exercício da cidadania , mediação social entendida a partir de Manuel Martín Serrano. Para atingir essa compreensão, exploramos as percepções e os entendimentos do consumo e das ações e práticas dos indivíduos sujeitos no contexto urbano na cidade de São Paulo, buscando levantar ações e articulações que promovem ressignificações e relações de sentidos. O desafio de investigação empírica contempla um estudo qualitativo, utilizando a Teoria Fundamentada como procedimento metodológico combinado com a lógica indutiva e os preceitos de interpretação como procedimentos analítico-interpretativos. O resultado da análise oferece a semantização do consumo como mediação social para o exercício da cidadania significado como tática de transposição política , entendimento limitado ao universo empírico, base desta dissertação
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Mitsuoka, Narjara Ferreira. "O trabalho voluntário de tradução e suas implicações socioculturais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8147/tde-23102012-111633/.
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Este trabalho pretende analisar os aspectos do trabalho voluntário de tradução e, em qual medida, ele interfere nas relações socioculturais e sociedade. Para tanto, tomaremos como objeto de estudo um grupo de tradutores voluntários que atuam na Organização Não-Governamental Soka Gakkai Internacional. Como se pretende estudar os agentes que participam desse processo, como parte de uma estrutura social, utilizaremos a teoria de actor-network de Bruno Latour (2005). Com o intuito de analisar a função e o desenvolvimento dos tradutores voluntários envolvidos no processo, sua experiência pessoal e profissional e suas relações socioculturais, utilizaremos a noção de habitus discutida por Pierre Bourdieu (1972; 1990; 2003). Com base nos estudos preliminares, pressupõe-se que os atores que desenvolvem esse trabalho voluntário de tradução compartilham princípios e disposições semelhantes, ou seja, possuem basicamente os mesmos habitus e negociam as regras que regem o seu trabalho de acordo com a prática, e não partindo da teoria. Finalmente, busca-se confirmar a premissa de que, para o grupo em questão, os valores que permeiam o seu trabalho, a despeito da recompensa financeira, agregam novas características ao trabalho de tradução, sob uma concepção mais humanista e social.This article aims to analyze translation as volunteering work as long as to what extent it influences socio-cultural relations and society. Thus, the object of our study is a group of volunteers who work as translators for the Non-Governmental Organization Soka Gakkai International. As we intend to study the agents who participate in this process, considering them to be part of a social structure, the empirical data are discussed against the background of the Actor-Network-Theory by Bruno Latour (2005). We also intend to analyze the role and development of the volunteering translators involved in the process, their background and socio-cultural relations, which will be framed in terms of Pierre Bourdieus concept of habitus (1972; 1990; 2003). Based on preliminary studies, we may argue that the actors who take part in this translation volunteering work share similar principles and dispositions, that is, they have the same habitus and their starting point is not the theory, but they negotiate the rules of translation according to their practice. Finally, we intend to confirm the hypothesis that, for this group, the value of their job is beyond the financial reward, and bring new characteristics to translation.
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Rönn, Britt Marie. "Gränsöverskridande val och vägledning : En studie om studievägledning och breddad rekrytering inom högskola/universitet." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Education, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-28761.
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Sammanfattning
Syftet med denna uppsats var att ge en bild av hur ett antal studie- och karriärvägledare inom universitet/högskola förhåller sig till begreppet breddad rekrytering.
Uppsatsen ville också visa vad en högskola och ett universitet har för strategier för att bredda sin rekrytering och om man medvetet använder sig av studie- och karriärvägledning för detta ändamål.
Metoden var kvalitativ och resultaten byggde på intervjuer av tio studievägledare fördelade på en högskola och ett universitet, samt två personer som arbetar övergripande med breddad rekrytering på dessa lärosäten. Det som framkom är att studievägledarna överlag anser att breddad rekrytering är en viktig uppgift som ingår i deras yrkesverksamhet, vidare att vägledningen är mer psykologiskt än socialt inriktad, på så sätt att vägledarna fokuserar mer på psykologiska aspekter som t ex studentens intressen, värderingar och förmågor snarare än den sociala kontext studenten befinner sig i t ex klasstillhörighet eller genus. Det finns inslag av processtänkande men fortfarande mycket av "trait and factor" tänkande. Högskolan/ universitetet anser att studievägledning är en viktig verksamhet och använder sig delvis av den för att bredda sin rekrytering, men kunskapen om vad vägledning är och kan användas till känns delvis outvecklad.
En framtidsvision är att vägledning har mer av samhällsförbättrande karaktär. Vägledaren skulle då vara en person som uppmuntrar till val utanför normen: Gränsöverskridande val.
Abstract
The purpose of this thesis was to give a picture of how a number of student counsellors at the university look on their commission in the perspective of widening recruitment.
The thesis also showed what strategies the universities have to widen their recruitment and of how to use counselling for this purpose.
The method was qualitative and the result was founded on interviews with ten student counsellors from two different universities and from two persons who work overall with widening recruitment and diversity. This study shows that student counsellors regard widening recruitment as an important task in their work. It emerged under the interviews that counselling is more psychological than social, which means that the counsellors focus more on factors like interests, values and competence rather than social context with factors like social class and gender. There are elements of trait and factor thinking as well as a great deal of process thinking. The university regards student counselling as an important activity and is using it for widening recruitment, but the knowledge of it and its use is somewhat undeveloped.
A vision for the future is that the counsellor has more the task of a social reformer. The counsellor would then be the one who encourages the student for choices beyond the norms.
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Askervall, Karl. "Talibanerna som organisation : En studie av strukturen på styret av talibanernas organisation 2009." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-2726.
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Sedan attacken på USA 11 september 2001 har åtskilliga rapporter skrivits om Talibanernaför att skapa underlag för styrkorna som bekämpar dem. Syftet med uppsatsen är att försökaåskådliggöra en struktur på styret av talibanernas organisation 2009 och förklara varför dehade denna struktur på styret med utgångspunkt i den religiösa utbildningen. Och i och meddetta bidra till forskningsläget om talibanerna. Frågeställningen som besvaras i uppsatsen är:Vilken struktur hade styret av talibanernas organisation 2009 och varför hade styret dennastruktur? Denna frågeställning löses ut av följande 2 frågor: Fråga 1 - Kan strukturen påstyret av talibanernas organisation 2009 beskrivas med hjälp av en strukturellorganisationsteori? Fråga 2 - Kan den religiösa utbildningen vara en förklaring till dennastruktur på styret?Med hjälp av en strukturell teori om organisationers form och två sociologiska teorier sombehandlar varför människor och grupper handlar som de gör utifrån deras bakgrund ska jagförsöka uppfylla uppsatsens syfte och beskriva hur strukturen på styret av talibanernasorganisation såg ut 2009 och förklara varför den såg ut så.Uppsatsen använder en kvalitativ metod där divisionaliserad organisation, habitus och dendolda läroplanen används som teorier. I den första analysen som svarar på den första frågangörs en fallstudie på ett dokument som beskriver regler och förhållningssätt för talibanernaunder Mullah Omar med hjälp av divisionaliserad organisation. Därefter för att svara påuppsatsens andra fråga analyseras talibanernas habitus utifrån den religiösa utbildningen föratt sedan analyseras med hjälp av Pierre Bourdieus habitusteori och Donald Broadys dendolda läroplanen.Resultatet av analyserna visar att strukturen på styret av talibanernas organisation 2009 tillstor del kan beskrivas med teorin om divisionaliserad organisation och att habitusteorin medstöd av den dolda läroplanen kan ge en förklaring till varför deras styre hade denna struktur2009 utifrån de enskilda individernas religiösa utbildning i södra Afghanistan och Pakistan.Since the attack on The United States of America September 11 2001 numerous reports hasbeen written about the Taleban to provide information to the forces fighting them. Thepurpose of my thesis is to try to illustrate a structure on the rule of the Taliban organisation2009 and explain why they had this structure on their rule based on religious education. Andby this contribute to the current research about the Taliban. To fulfil this purpose I willanswers the following question in the thesis: What structure did the Taliban have on the ruleof their organisation in 2009 and why did the rule have this structure? This main questionwill be answered through two sub questions: Question 1 – Can the structure of the rule of theTaliban organisation 2009 be described by using a structural theory about organisations?Question 2 – Can the religious education be an explanation to this structure of their rule?With the help of one structural theory about organisations and two sociological theory’sthat concerns why people and groups act the way they do based of their background I will tryto fulfil the purpose of the thesis and describe the structure of the rule of the Talibanorganisation 2009 and explain why the rule had this structure.The thesis uses a qualitative method and divisionaliserad organisation, habitus and thehidden curriculum as theories. In the first analyse that answers to the first question I make acase study on a document that describes rules and regulations for the Taliban’s under MullahOmar using Henry Mintzbergs theory of divisionaliserad organisation. Thereafter to answerthe second question I first analyse the Taliban habitus based on their religious education.Then I continue the analysis using Pierre Bourdieus theory of habitus and Donald Broadysthe hidden curriculum.The result of the two analyses shows that the structure of the rule of the Talibanorganisation 2009 can be described fairly well using the theory of divisionaliseradorganisation. It also shows that the theory of habitus with the support of the hiddencurriculum can give an explanation to why their rule had this structure 2009 based on theindividual’s religious education in southern Afghanistan and Pakistan.
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Linhares, Paulo SÃrgio Bessa. "O Profeta e o Chocolate: DisposiÃÃes Sociais e ApetÃncias na TrajetÃria de Josà de Alencar." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2010. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=5438.
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nÃo hÃEste trabalho analisa o momento formativo da literatura brasileira, a partir do estudo da trajetÃria polÃtica, literÃria e social de uma dos seus personagens fundadores, o escritor Josà de Alencar. Procura-se realizar uma aplicaÃÃo empÃrica da teoria dos campos de Pierre Bourdieu, a partir de uma revisÃo crÃtica da mesma, mitigando os aspectos remanescentes Por meio da reconstituiÃÃo do quadro de disposiÃÃes e dos contextos de socializaÃÃo a que elas foram submetidas, no caso de Josà de Alencar, procura-se entender o papel do escritor cearense na criaÃÃo do que de Antonio CÃndido chamou de sistema literÃrio do Brasili Inicialmente, apresenta-se um pequeno histÃrico da famÃlia de Josà de Alencar, que lanÃa luz sobre a trajetÃria do escritor no espaÃo social do Segundo ImpÃrio, com suas posiÃÃes e deslocamentos. Discute-se a carreira do romancista no nascente campo literÃrio: seus contratos com o editor Garnier, as vendas dos direitos dos seus livros, a formaÃÃo de um pÃblico leitor, as relaÃÃes com a crÃtica e com as instÃncias de prestÃgio.Trata-se de entender como este campo se formou, estruturando-se em estreita dependÃncia do campo polÃtico â o que se evidencia na dupla vida de Alencar, simultaneamente literato e polÃtico. SÃo analisadas as disposiÃÃes, apetÃncias e competÃncias decorrentes da heranÃa familiar do romancista: sua posiÃÃo de membro da elite imperial; sua formaÃÃo pela Faculdade de Direito de SÃo Paulo, onde fez amizades que seriam fundamentais para a sua carreira de jornalista; o peso do duplo estigma de âfilho de padreâ e tuberculoso; o fÃsico debilitado, aliado a um temperamento irritadiÃo, que o tornavam alvo fÃcil da chacota dos adversÃrios; e a verdadeira erupÃÃo que foi a emergÃncia do movimento Realista, que tornaria os romÃnticos como Alencar precocemente envelhecidos.no curso de sua trajetÃria social. Este quadro à confrontado com a autobiografia e as setes biografias produzidas sobre Alencar. Dessa construÃÃo (auto)biogrÃfica surge a ilusÃo de que o escritor cearense seria um gÃnio romÃntico. Como alternativa a essa explicaÃÃo, criticada por Bourdieu, a pesquisa propÃe utilizar o conceito de âprofetaâ, elaborado por Max Weber no Ãmbito da teoria da religiÃo, para se entender Alencar como criador de um campo de novas crenÃas, relativas à estÃtica e ao papel do artista. Finalmente compara-se a estratÃgia adotada por Alencar com a posiÃÃo assumida por Machado de Assis, que viria a ser, efetivamente, o criador do campo literÃrio brasileiro.
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Urso, Christopher J. "Student Achievement in High-Poverty Schools: A Grounded Theory on School Success on Achievement Tests." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1206493498.
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Oliveira, Flaubert Mesquita de. "PSEUDO: uma an?lise sociocognitiva sobre insinceridades, mentiras e crimes de fraude." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2013. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/13827.
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The objective of this work is to analyze the phenomenon of lying, highlighting some uses and social consequences. Lies are a ubiquitous phenomenon, and in many cases they even promote social harmony. Furthermore, telling lies is an expression of individuality: it is the expression of relative autonomy that the subject has towards their social environment allowing them to defend their most personal interests. The work also aims to examine the concept of habitus applied to the social production of lies. Thus, the liars produce their lies aiming to obtain certain effects on their audiences. There are certain social cognitive principles that structure the kind of lie that is usually told to the public. Finally, the perpetrators of crimes of fraud and other deceptive practices may suffer a criminal prosecution because the damage they cause affects important social values recognized by the state, and are not restricted to the victim‟s chagrin. In the most common forms of fraud, the crooks make tempting offers to victims exploiting some of their standardized behaviors and reactions. To understand the fragility of the victims to scams is an attempt to understand how a social phenomenon as usual as is the lie can still surprise and cause perplexity
O objetivo deste trabalho ? fazer uma an?lise sobre o fen?meno da mentira, destacando alguns usos e consequ?ncias sociais. As mentiras s?o um fen?meno onipresente, e em muitos casos elas at? mesmo promovem a conviv?ncia social. Al?m disso, contar mentiras ? uma express?o da individualidade: ? a express?o da autonomia relativa que o sujeito tem perante seu meio social, permitindo-lhe defender seus interesses mais pessoais. O trabalho tamb?m se prop?e a analisar o conceito do habitus aplicado ? produ??o social da mentira. Desta forma, as mentiras s?o produzidas a partir dos efeitos que os mentirosos almejam produzir no seu p?blico. H? certos princ?pios sociocognitivos que estruturam o tipo de mentira que se conta. Por fim, os perpetradores de crimes de fraude e outras pr?ticas enganadoras podem sofrer processo judicial, pois os danos que eles causam atingem valores sociais maiores, reconhecidos pelo Estado, que n?o se restringem ao dissabor da v?tima. Nas modalidades mais usuais de fraude, os vigaristas fazem propostas tentadoras ?s v?timas explorando alguns de seus comportamentos e rea??es padronizadas. Entender a fragilidade das v?timas aos golpes ? uma tentativa de entender como um fen?meno social t?o usual como ? a mentira pode ainda assim causar surpresa e perplexidade
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Andersson, Marie. "Faktorer som kan påverka friluftsundervisningen : - en kvalitativ studie om idrottslärares uppfattningar om friluftsliv och friluftsundervisning." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-31157.
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I denna kvalitativa intervjustudie undersöks idrottslärares friluftsundervisning, på skolor i nordvästra Götalandsregionen. Studiens centrala frågeställningar är att undersöka vilka; attityder och erfarenheter, ramar, samt didaktiska tillvägagångsätt, som råder i friluftsundervisningen, och syftet är att undersöka friluftsundervisningens samband med dessa. I studien framkommer det bland annat att: Lärarna har liknande attityder och erfarenheter till friluftsliv, samt att deras syn verkar ha präglats av erfarenheter i senare åldrar. Lärarna är förhållandevis nöjda med de konstitutionella-, organisatoriska- och fysiska ramar som finns, men uppfattar samtidigt att dessa ramar är faktorer som påverkar friluftsundervisningen i hög grad. Lärarna försöker prioritera ämnesområdet friluftsliv i högre grad än tidigare, men de har lite olika didaktiska tillvägagångssätt. För att ta reda på detta används kvalitativa och semistrukturerade intervjuer som metod, där fem olika lärare på fem olika skolor, i nordvästra Götaland, har intervjuats. Studien förankras i tre teoretiska utgångspunkter; habitusteori, ramfaktorsteori och didaktik.In this qualitative interview study PE-teachers perceptions of outdoor teaching in schools in the North-West region of Götaland, in Sweden, were examined. The following key issues were examined; attitudes and experiences, frameworks, as well as didactic approach, which prevails in outdoor education, and the aim was to investigate outdoor education related to these factors. The study reveals, among other things, that: The teachers have similar attitudes and experiences for outdoor recreation. Their vision seems to have been marked by experiences in later ages. The teachers are relatively satisfied with the constitutional, organizational and physical frameworks of today, but that those frames are factors that affect outdoor teaching. The teachers try to prioritize the field of outdoor activities to a greater extent than in the past, but they have slightly different didactical approaches. In order to investigate these issues, qualitative and semi-structured interviews were used as a method for data collection. Five different teachers at five different schools, in North-West of Götaland, has been interviewed. The study was anchored in three theoretical frameworks; habitus theory, frame factor theory and didactics.
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Jubb, Josephine, and Elina Gleisner. "De oberoende förlagens kamp mot giganterna : En kvalitativ intervjustudie om hur vertikal integration påverkar tolv oberoende förlagsexponering och konkurrensstrategier." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för journalistik, medier och kommunikation (JMK), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-194064.
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Föreliggande studie undersöker hur tolv oberoende förlag upplever att det är att verka i enägarkoncentrerad bokbransch där de konkurrerar mot vertikalt integrerade mediekoncerner.Studiens fokus ligger på hur respondenterna upplever att den vertikala integrationen påverkarderas möjligheter till exponering på olika typer av plattformar, samt på hur detta formar deoberoende förlagens strategier för konkurrens. De två största förlagsgrupperna i Sverige år2021 är Bonnierförlagen och Norstedts Förlagsgrupp, som båda är del av ett störremediekonglomerat där ägandeskap av både ljudboksappar, fysisk- och internetbokhandelsamt dagspress förekommer. Med utgångspunkt i Pierre Bourdieus fältteori undersöker ochanalyserar rapporten förlagsverksamheternas förutsättningar att verka inom branschen samthur de olika aktörerna agerar och varför. Metoden utgår ifrån kvalitativ innehållsanalys därpersoner i ledande position intervjuas om deras upplevelse av vad det innebär att inte vara endel av ett mediekonglomerat när det kommer till exponering och vilka strategier de har för attkonkurrera mot dem. Resultatet visar att respondenterna ser breda kontaktnät och ekonomisktkapital som viktigt för att ha möjlighet till exponering samt att det kan vara svårt attkonkurrera om synlighet hos vertikalt integrerade distributörer. Respondenterna påverkas avde större mediekoncernernas ställning i branschen i strategierna för att konkurrera mot dem,där de bland annat fyller ut tomrum som de större koncernerna missat. Studiens slutsats är attde oberoende förlagen på olika sätt, beroende på storlek, påverkas av att verka i en branschdär dominerande aktörer är vertikalt integrerade. Det kan sammankopplas med liknandefenomen inom mediebranschen, såsom journalistbranschen.The study researches the experience of an owner-focused publishing bransch for twelveindependent publishers in which they compete alongside heavily integrated media groups.The study focuses on how the integrated media groups affect the independent publishers intheir implemented strategies to remain competitive. As of the year of 2021, the two largestpublishing groups are Bonnier Publishers and Norstedts Publishing Group. Both are part of alarger media conglomerate that has ownership of audiobook applications, physical andweb-hosted book stores as well as daily press. Starting with Pierre Bourdieu's field theory, thereport investigates and analyses the publishers prerequisites in order to act and remaincompetitive within the industry, as well as how the publishers have to act and the reasons ofwhy. The method is based on qualitative and thorough content analysis where people in aleading position are interviewed about their experience of what it means not to be part of amedia conglomerate when it comes to exhibition and what strategies they have in order toremain competitive. The results show that the respondents see broad contact networks andfinancial capital as the most important pillars in order to have the opportunity for exposureand that it can be difficult to compete for visibility versus heavily integretaded distributors.The respondents are affected by the position the larger media groups hold within the industrybut are prone to utilize strategies that fill gaps that the larger groups have missed. The study'sconclusion is that the independent publishers are affected in different ways, depending ontheir size in an industry where dominant competitors are highly integrated. There are largesimilarities within the media- and journalist industries.
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Patarin-Jossec, Julie. "Le vol habité dans l’économie symbolique de la construction européenne." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0453/document.
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Régis par une rhétorique opposant « science » et « politique », les programmes de stations spatiales civiles sont présentés comme projets diplomatiques censés adoucir des tensions géopolitiques, justifiés par les possibilités d’expérimentation en condition de micropesanteur qu’ils octroient à la communauté scientifique et industrielle internationale. Précédée par des collaborations officieuses entre laboratoires européens et soviétiques, l’Europe de l’Ouest entre dans l’exploration spatiale habitée en 1982. Depuis, l’entraînement et le transport des astronautes de l’Agence spatiale européenne (ESA) se partagent entre les États-Unis (NASA) et la Russie (Roscosmos), dont les programmes nationaux pourvoient leur gouvernement en autonomie de lancement et de transport spatial. Au fil des décennies, alors que les agences spatiales détenant un programme habité (à l’exception de la Chine) se rejoignent dans un projet commun à partir de la fin des années 1990 (l’International Space Station), et alors que la Russie devient détentrice d’un monopole d’accès à l’espace à partir de 2011, les mécanismes symboliques et politiques structurant le programme spatial habité européen évoluent en conséquence. L’entraînement des astronautes en Russie, relatif à ce monopole des lancements habités, entraine la reproduction de traditions et rituels qui, hérités du spatial soviétique, en viennent à constituer l’armature symbolique et axiologique d’un corps d’astronautes en charge de représenter « l’unité dans la diversité » propre à l’Europe. Nourrissant des relations plus ou moins institutionnalisées avec d’anciennes républiques socialistes du fait de son autonomie (de plus en plus relative) vis-à-vis de l’Union Européenne, l’ESA devient progressivement une plateforme via laquelle le procès de restructuration des États d’Europe de l’Est entamé à la fin des années 1980 peut être analysé à l’aune des réseaux industriels, des interdépendances techniques et des échanges scientifiques qui y transitent. Afin de saisir ces relations d’interdépendances, une approche par la théorie des champs semble pertinente à deux points de vue. Tout d’abord, s’intéresser à la genèse et à l’organisation du programme spatial habité européen suppose de considérer ce dernier comme le résultat d’une trajectoire institutionnelle empruntant à différents champs : autorité cognitive de la science moderne, rôle de la production industrielle dans la construction étatique, et rapport à la territorialisation dans l’exercice d’un pouvoir politique national contribuent à la morphologie actuelle des affaires spatiales en Europe. Ensuite, une analyse bourdieusienne permet de circonscrire les vols habités comme un espace social structuré, où se convertissent, se maintiennent et se confrontent des capitaux portés par des acteurs de champs de production autonomes. L’économie des relations entre science, industrie et État, esquissée au gré de ce pari théorique, permet d’envisager certaines des conditions sociales par lesquelles les manières de « faire État » en Europe occidentale et le développement de la bureaucratie ont pu être nourris par des développements scientifiques et techniques profondément ancrés dans le temps comme dans l’espace. Mettant particulièrement en lumière la formation des habitus des astronautes de l’ESA, l’esquisse d’une théorie d’un « champ de médiation » est appréhendée, de manière à saisir les conditions de ces relations structurelles entre champs scientifique, industriel et bureaucratique dans le cas d’un secteur spatial en mutationRuled by a rhetoric which opposes “science” and “politics”, civil space stations programmes are often introduced as diplomatic projects supposed to soften geopolitical tensions, then justified by the possibilities of experimentation under microgravity that those stations grant to the international scientific and industrial community. Preceded by informal collaborations between European and Soviet laboratories, Western Europe starts its entry into human spaceflights in 1982. Since then, the training and transport of astronauts from the European Space Agency (ESA) have been shared between United States (NASA) and Russia (Roscosmos), whose national programmes provide autonomous launch and space transport capacities. Over the decades, while space agencies holding a human space programme (except China) join in a common project from late 1990 (the International Space Station), and as Russia becomes the holder of a monopoly regarding access to space from 2011, symbolic and political mechanisms structuring the European human space programme evolve accordingly. The training of astronauts in Russia, relating to this monopoly of crews’ transportation, entails the reproduction of traditions and rituals which, inherited from the Soviet space era, contributes to the symbolic and axiological building of an astronaut corps in charge of representing Europe’s “unity in diversity”. Nourishing more or less institutionalized relations with former Socialist republics because of its (increasingly relative) autonomy towards the European Union, ESA gradually becomes a platform through which the structuration of Eastern European States, started in the late 1980s, can be analyzed through industrial networks, technical interdependencies and scientific exchanges that pass through. In order to grasp these interdependencies, the fruitfulness of an approach by the field theory can be resumed in two arguments. First, taking an interest in the genesis and organization of the European inhabited space programme implies that the latter should be regarded as the result of an institutional trajectory borrowing from different fields: cognitive authority of the occidental modern science, role of industrial production in State construction, and territorialization in the exercise of a national political power contribute to the current morphology of space affairs in Europe. Secondly, a Bourdieusien analysis allows circumscribing human space flights as a structured social space, where are converted, maintained and confronted capitals which are carried by actors of autonomous fields of production. This, without a priori postulating the loss of autonomy of one of these fields. The economy of relations between science, industry and the State, sketched at the whim of this theoretical wager, then allows to envisage some of the social conditions by which scientific and technical developments, deeply rooted in time and space, could contribute to shaping the ways of “making State” and to the development of bureaucracy in western Europe. With particular emphasis on the training of ESA astronauts, the outline of a “mediation field” theory is apprehended, so as to understand conditions of these structural relations between scientific, industrial and bureaucratic fields in the case of a changing space sector. Based on multisite and multilevel ethnography (United Nations, ESA technical centres, control centres), interviews with scientists, space agency officials, operators and crew members of the agencies contributing to the ISS (N = 182), as well as archival work (EU, ESA and Soviet Academy of Sciences), this study shows how “Space Europe” (as the EU and ESA refer to it) “takes shape” and reproduces the symbolic conditions of its internal cohesion (i.e. values and identity binding its member-States) through the daily organization (procedural, mental and carnal) of its crewed space program
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Ідак, Юлія Володимирівна. "Основи теорії морфології міста." Diss., Національний університет "Львівська політехніка", 2020. https://ena.lpnu.ua/handle/ntb/54846.
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У дисертації розроблено нові в концептуальному плані та важливі для теорії містобудування принципові положення теорії морфології міста. Ідея формування теорії ґрунтується на досвіді, представленому в численних наукових працях американських та європейських урбаністів, на синтезі морфологічних знань,
отриманих на міждисциплінарному рівні, та на пошуку нових шляхів розв’язання проблем, пов’язаних із розвитком сучасної теорії містобудування. Демонстрації ефективності теоретико-методологічного інструментарію морфології міста і здійсненню необхідних узагальнень про закономірності та особливості
формування матеріальної структури міста сприяли розроблена морфологічна модель «місто-пазл» та сформульована концепція «габітус міста». The thesis is devoted to the explanation of important issues in the field of urban planning, which are related to the contradiction between knowledge of morphology of the
city, theoretical actions related to selection and ambiguity of interpretations of morphological concepts and categories in urban planning, and ignorance of techniques and methods of urban morphological research at different levels of city organization. Deep understanding of the morphological content and detailed study of the theoretical and methodological regulations of morphology, formulated in natural sciences and humanities,
have become the starting points for solving the issue. The idea of establishing the bases of the theory of morphology of the city is based on the experience, presented in numerous scientific studies of American and European urbanists, the synthesis of morphological knowledge gained at the interdisciplinary level
and on finding new ways of solving problems related to the development of the modern theory of urban planning. The purpose of the research is the development of theoretical and methodological and
methodical regulations of morphology of the city which can explain the morphological content in urban planning and systematize knowledge of patterns and features of formation of a material structure of a city.
Some regulations, new conceptually and also important for the theory of urban planning, and inferences, gained personally by the applicant, have been substantiated in the thesis, particularly for the first time: it has been established that the reflection of morphological features in urban planning is theoretical synthesis of knowledge of a form, aimed at studying of material reality, taking into consideration interdisciplinary knowledge
of morphology and related scientific approaches; the basic elements have been determined and the logical structure of the theory of morphology of the city has been formulated, which summarize knowledge of morphology and enable to explain the specifics of morphological features in the learning of the city; it has been introduced the concept of "physical form of the city", which reveals semantic characteristics of morphological
features in the learning of the city; it has been distinguished the main directions of urban morphology development – structural morphology, evolutionary morphology, which will contribute to expansion and extension of morphological ideas in the theory and practice of urban planning; it has been established the criteria for identifying of the main types of physical form and morphological structure of the city, which fix formal properties, aimed at determining patterns and features of formation of the material structure of the city; it has
been developed the morphological model «city-puzzle», which summarizes patterns of formation of the material structure of the city and is reflected in the principles of morphology of the city. It has been proved the necessity of introducing the concept of the habitus of the city into the theory of urban planning, which enables to explain the peculiarities of the formation of the material structure of cities embodied in different historical periods; the following formulation of the concept has been offered for urban planning: the habitus of the city is a set of morphological characteristics of the material structure of the city, inherent only in a certain epoch and a certain culture. It has been stated the essence of such categorical concepts related to urban morphology as:
morpheme, morph, morphological type, morphological unit, morphological feature, morphological structure, which distinguish objects according to certain specific features and reflect generally the morphological phenomenon and connections between them; it has been specified the meaning and interrelation of the concepts "urban morphology" and «morphology of the city», it has been proved that they are similar in their essential characteristics, but they are correlated as a dialectical whole and its part. It has been specified the morphological methods of the study of the city: morphometric, morphographic, morphotypological, which have an interdisciplinary status and promote methodological and instrumental integration with other scientific branches. It has been established that the method of morphological description is the methodological basis of the morphology of the city; the morphological approach to the typology of urban planning objects, based on the specifics of the morphological features, has been developed further which allows to evolve general techniques and principles of their urban organization. Knowledge of the theoretical bases of morphology of the city can be used during independent analysis of the methodology of scientific research of formative processes of
architectural and urban planning objects, prerequisites for their development, elucidation of causal relationships of various phenomena, for unbiased assessment of theoretical and practical achievements of various fields of knowledge and understanding of the features of the transformation processes occurring in modern urban planning. В диссертации разработаны новые в концептуальном плане и важные для
теории градостроительства принципиальные положения теории морфологии города. Идея формирования теории основывается на опыте, представленном в многочисленных научных трудах американских и европейских урбанистов, на синтезе морфологических знаний, полученных на междисциплинарном уровне, и на поиске новых путей решения проблем, связанных с развитием современной теории градостроительства. Демонстрации эффективности теоретикометодологического инструментария морфологии города и осуществлению необходимых обобщений о закономерности и особенности формирования материальной структуры города способствовали разработанная морфологическая модель «город-пазл» и сформулированная концепция «габитус города».
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Barnett, Karen Rae. "Transformation of communication practices : a case study of older adults' participation in the information society." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2002.
Find full textAbstract:
The info1mation society marks a shift from the dominance of the industrial to the rise of the "informational" (Castells, 1996, p. 21 ). The effects of this shift on social arrangements generally have been greeted in diverse ways, ranging from the enthusiasm of Negroponte (1995) to the more cautious scepticism of Postman (1992). While recognised as an inevitable and ongoing process, the wider social imperatives for change have brought people and technology together in ways that are often highly problematic. Older people, as one group among others identified as experiencing the disadvantage in the information society, face challenges of adaptation to a new form of literacy and communicative practice. A large body of research is developing to investigate the needs of older people in the new information society, yet little of this
focuses on the full complexity of relationships that exist between the wider institution of communication technologies and the management of these changes in everyday places.
Everyday, mundane activities of older people, as they interface with the discourses and practices of the information society, are, therefore, prioritised in this qualitative study. A purposively structured case study applies Bourdieu's concepts of field and habitus (Bourdieu, 1990) in an ethnomethodological investigation. Levels of social phenomena representative of the field in the context of older people's experiences are assembled in the case study. Qualitative methods of data collection bring three
elements of the field together. Firstly, discourses of the digital divide set the contextual scene for examining persuasions towards computer literacy for older people. Then observations in settings for older learners provide information about building computer competencies. In addition, interviews with geographically dispersed older people allow a range of users, from novices to experts, to contribute to the study. Data analysis based on the dramaturgical perspective of Goffman (1973a, 1973b) and the grammar of motives advocated by Burke (1969a) produce an
interpretive ethnography in which older people's strategies and motives are revealed. The thesis finds that within the full set of relationships in the field of older people's
use of ICT, a complex network of influences operates as discursive and interactive strategies. Motives implied in discourses of the digital divide direct attention towards
the field of ICT and the settings of older people's active engagement with information and communication technologies. Within such settings a range of dispositions towards
technology become obvious. These dispositions are critically important to the ways in which technology is integrated into everyday practices of individuals. In a field of opportunities and constraints computer technology is involved in creating particular communities of interest. Practices with technology promote self-esteem, secure
networks of friendship, and connect the person within the home to the world beyond in real and virtual ways. The case study effectively describes the field of older people's
engagement with computer technology as a microcosm of strategic everyday practices, a contingent set of experiences that enjoin older people with the process of change to an information society.