Relevant bibliographies by topics / Boundary layer (Meteorology) Australia

Academic literature on the topic 'Boundary layer (Meteorology) Australia'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Boundary layer (Meteorology) Australia"

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Jacobs, Stephanie J., Ailie J. E. Gallant, and Nigel J. Tapper. "The Sensitivity of Urban Meteorology to Soil Moisture Boundary Conditions: A Case Study in Melbourne, Australia." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 56, no. 8 (August 2017): 2155–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-17-0007.1.

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AbstractThe sensitivity of near-surface urban meteorological conditions to three different soil moisture initialization experiments under heat-wave conditions is investigated for the city of Melbourne, Australia. The Weather Research and Forecasting Model is used to simulate a domain over Melbourne and its surrounding rural areas. The experiments employ three suites of simulations. Two suites initialize the model with soil moisture from the top layer of the ERA-Interim soil moisture data with a 3-month and 24-h coupled spinup period, respectively. The third suite initializes the model with the arguably more realistic soil moistures from the Australian Water Availability Project (AWAP), which are an order of magnitude drier than the ERA-Interim data, again using a 24-h spinup period. The simulations employing the AWAP data are found to have smaller errors when compared with observations, with biases in urban maximum temperature reduced by 4.1°C and biases in the skin temperature reduced by 3.0°C relative to the biases of the 3-month-spinup experiment. Despite urban areas only having a small proportion of soil-covered surfaces, the results show that urban soils have a greater influence on urban near-surface temperatures at night, whereas rural soils have a greater influence on urban near-surface temperatures during the daytime.
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Williams, Alastair G., Wlodek Zahorowski, Scott Chambers, Alan Griffiths, Jörg M. Hacker, Adrian Element, and Sylvester Werczynski. "The Vertical Distribution of Radon in Clear and Cloudy Daytime Terrestrial Boundary Layers." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 68, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 155–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jas3576.1.

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Abstract Radon (222Rn) is a powerful natural tracer of mixing and exchange processes in the atmospheric boundary layer. The authors present and discuss the main features of a unique dataset of 50 high-resolution vertical radon profiles up to 3500 m above ground level, obtained in clear and cloudy daytime terrestrial boundary layers over an inland rural site in Australia using an instrumented motorized research glider. It is demonstrated that boundary layer radon profiles frequently exhibit a complex layered structure as a result of mixing and exchange processes of varying strengths and extents working in clear and cloudy conditions within the context of the diurnal cycle and the synoptic meteorology. Normalized aircraft radon measurements are presented, revealing the characteristic structure and variability of three major classes of daytime boundary layer: 1) dry convective boundary layers, 2) mixed layers topped with residual layers, and 3) convective boundary layers topped with coupled nonprecipitating clouds. Robust and unambiguous signatures of important atmospheric processes in the boundary layer are identifiable in the radon profiles, including “top-down” mixing associated with entrainment in clear-sky cases and strongly enhanced venting and subcloud-layer mixing when substantial active cumulus are present. In poorly mixed conditions, radon gradients in the daytime atmospheric surface layer significantly exceed those predicted by Monin–Obukhov similarity theory. In two case studies, it is demonstrated for the first time that a sequence of vertical radon profiles measured over the course of a single day can consistently reproduce major structural features of the evolving boundary layer.
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Liu, Boming, Jianping Guo, Wei Gong, Lijuan Shi, Yong Zhang, and Yingying Ma. "Characteristics and performance of wind profiles as observed by the radar wind profiler network of China." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 13, no. 8 (August 25, 2020): 4589–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-4589-2020.

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Abstract. Wind profiles are fundamental to the research and applications in boundary layer meteorology, air quality and numerical weather prediction. Large-scale wind profile data have been previously documented from network observations in several countries, such as Japan, the USA, various European countries and Australia, but nationwide wind profiles observations are poorly understood in China. In this study, the salient characteristics and performance of wind profiles as observed by the radar wind profiler network of China are investigated. This network consists of more than 100 stations instrumented with 1290 MHz Doppler radar designed primarily for measuring vertically resolved winds at various altitudes but mainly in the boundary layer. It has good spatial coverage, with much denser sites in eastern China. The wind profiles observed by this network can provide the horizontal wind direction, horizontal wind speed and vertical wind speed for every 120 m interval within the height of 0 to 3 km. The availability of the radar wind profiler network has been investigated in terms of effective detection height, data acquisition rate, data confidence and data accuracy. Further comparison analyses with reanalysis data indicate that the observation data at 89 stations are recommended and 17 stations are not recommended. The boundary layer wind profiles from China can provide useful input to numerical weather prediction systems at regional scales.
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Short, Ewan. "Verifying Operational Forecasts of Land–Sea-Breeze and Boundary Layer Mixing Processes." Weather and Forecasting 35, no. 4 (August 1, 2020): 1427–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-19-0244.1.

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AbstractForecasters working for Australia’s Bureau of Meteorology (BoM) produce a 7-day forecast in two key steps: first they choose a model guidance dataset to base the forecast on, and then they use graphical software to manually edit these data. Two types of edits are commonly made to the wind fields that aim to improve how the influences of boundary layer mixing and land–sea-breeze processes are represented in the forecast. In this study the diurnally varying component of the BoM’s official wind forecast is compared with that of station observations and unedited model guidance datasets. Coastal locations across Australia over June, July, and August 2018 are considered, with data aggregated over three spatial scales. The edited forecast produces a lower mean absolute error than model guidance at the coarsest spatial scale (over 50 000 km2), and achieves lower seasonal biases over all spatial scales. However, the edited forecast only reduces errors or biases at particular times and locations, and rarely produces lower errors or biases than all model guidance products simultaneously. To better understand physical reasons for biases in the mean diurnal wind cycles, modified ellipses are fitted to the seasonally averaged diurnal wind temporal hodographs. Biases in the official forecast diurnal cycle vary with location for multiple reasons, including biases in the directions that sea breezes approach coastlines, amplitude biases, and disagreement in the relative contribution of sea-breeze and boundary layer mixing processes to the mean diurnal cycle.
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May, Peter T., Charles N. Long, and Alain Protat. "The Diurnal Cycle of the Boundary Layer, Convection, Clouds, and Surface Radiation in a Coastal Monsoon Environment (Darwin, Australia)." Journal of Climate 25, no. 15 (August 1, 2012): 5309–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00538.1.

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Abstract The diurnal variation of convection and associated cloud and radiative properties remains a significant issue in global NWP and climate models. This study analyzes observed diurnal variability of convection in a coastal monsoonal environment examining the interaction of convective rain clouds, their associated cloud properties, and the impact on the surface radiation and corresponding boundary layer structure during periods where convection is suppressed or active on the large scale. The analysis uses data from the Tropical Warm Pool International Cloud Experiment (TWP-ICE) as well as routine measurements from the Australian Bureau of Meteorology and the U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program. Both active monsoonal and large-scale suppressed (buildup and break) conditions are examined and demonstrate that the diurnal variation of rainfall is much larger during the break periods and the spatial distribution of rainfall is very different between the monsoon and break regimes. During the active monsoon the total net radiative input to the surface is decreased by more than 3 times the amount than during the break regime—this total radiative cloud forcing is found to be dominated by the shortwave (SW) cloud effects because of the much larger optical thicknesses and persistence of long-lasting anvils and cirrus cloud decks associated with the monsoon regime. These differences in monsoon versus break surface radiative energy contribute to low-level air temperature differences in the boundary layer over the land surfaces.
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Schulz, Eric W., Jeffrey D. Kepert, and Diana J. M. Greenslade. "An Assessment of Marine Surface Winds from the Australian Bureau of Meteorology Numerical Weather Prediction Systems." Weather and Forecasting 22, no. 3 (June 1, 2007): 613–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf996.1.

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Abstract A method for routinely verifying numerical weather prediction surface marine winds with satellite scatterometer winds is introduced. The marine surface winds from the Australian Bureau of Meteorology’s operational global and regional numerical weather prediction systems are evaluated. The model marine surface layer is described. Marine surface winds from the global and limited-area models are compared with observations, both in situ (anemometer) and remote (scatterometer). A 2-yr verification shows that wind speeds from the regional model are typically underestimated by approximately 5%, with a greater bias in the meridional direction than the zonal direction. The global model also underestimates the surface winds by around 5%–10%. A case study of a significant marine storm shows that where larger errors occur, they are due to an underestimation of the storm intensity, rather than to biases in the boundary layer parameterizations.
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Junkermann, W., J. Hacker, T. Lyons, and U. Nair. "Land use change suppresses precipitation." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 9, no. 3 (May 8, 2009): 11481–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-9-11481-2009.

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Abstract. A feedback loop between regional scale deforestation and climate change was investigated in an experiment using novel, small size airborne platforms and instrument setups. Experiments were performed in a worldwide unique natural laboratory in Western Australia, characterized by two adjacent homogeneous observation areas with distinctly different land use characteristics. Conversion of several ten thousand square km of forests into agricultural land began more than a century ago. Changes in albedo and surface roughness and the water budget of soil and the planetary boundary layer evolved over decades. Besides different meteorology we found a significant up to now overseen source of aerosol over the agriculture. The enhanced number of cloud condensation nuclei is coupled through the hydrological groundwater cycle with deforestation. Modification of surface properties and aerosol number concentrations are key factors for the observed reduction of precipitation. The results document the importance of aerosol indirect effects on climate due to nanometer size biogenic aerosol and human impact on aerosol sources.
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Junkermann, W., J. Hacker, T. Lyons, and U. Nair. "Land use change suppresses precipitation." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9, no. 17 (September 10, 2009): 6531–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-6531-2009.

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Abstract. A feedback loop between regional scale deforestation and climate change was investigated in an experiment using novel, small size airborne platforms and instrument setups. Experiments were performed in a worldwide unique natural laboratory in Western Australia, characterized by two adjacent homogeneous observation areas with distinctly different land use characteristics. Conversion of several ten thousand square km of forests into agricultural land began more than a century ago. Changes in albedo, surface roughness, the soil water budget and the planetary boundary layer evolved over decades. Besides different meteorology, we found a significant up to now overlooked source of aerosol over the agriculture area. The enhanced number of cloud condensation nuclei is coupled through the hydrological groundwater cycle with deforestation. Modification of surface properties and aerosol number concentrations are key factors for the observed reduction of precipitation. The results document the importance of aerosol indirect effects on climate due to nanometer size biogenic aerosol and human impact on aerosol sources.
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Zhang, Yang, Chinmay Jena, Kai Wang, Clare Paton-Walsh, Élise-Andrée Guérette, Steven Utembe, Jeremy David Silver, and and Melita Keywood. "Multiscale Applications of Two Online-Coupled Meteorology-Chemistry Models during Recent Field Campaigns in Australia, Part I: Model Description and WRF/Chem-ROMS Evaluation Using Surface and Satellite Data and Sensitivity to Spatial Grid Resolutions." Atmosphere 10, no. 4 (April 8, 2019): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10040189.

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Air pollution and associated human exposure are important research areas in Greater Sydney, Australia. Several field campaigns were conducted to characterize the pollution sources and their impacts on ambient air quality including the Sydney Particle Study Stages 1 and 2 (SPS1 and SPS2), and the Measurements of Urban, Marine, and Biogenic Air (MUMBA). In this work, the Weather Research and Forecasting model with chemistry (WRF/Chem) and the coupled WRF/Chem with the Regional Ocean Model System (ROMS) (WRF/Chem-ROMS) are applied during these field campaigns to assess the models’ capability in reproducing atmospheric observations. The model simulations are performed over quadruple-nested domains at grid resolutions of 81-, 27-, 9-, and 3-km over Australia, an area in southeastern Australia, an area in New South Wales, and the Greater Sydney area, respectively. A comprehensive model evaluation is conducted using surface observations from these field campaigns, satellite retrievals, and other data. This paper evaluates the performance of WRF/Chem-ROMS and its sensitivity to spatial grid resolutions. The model generally performs well at 3-, 9-, and 27-km resolutions for sea-surface temperature and boundary layer meteorology in terms of performance statistics, seasonality, and daily variation. Moderate biases occur for temperature at 2-m and wind speed at 10-m in the mornings and evenings due to the inaccurate representation of the nocturnal boundary layer and surface heat fluxes. Larger underpredictions occur for total precipitation due to the limitations of the cloud microphysics scheme or cumulus parameterization. The model performs well at 3-, 9-, and 27-km resolutions for surface O3 in terms of statistics, spatial distributions, and diurnal and daily variations. The model underpredicts PM2.5 and PM10 during SPS1 and MUMBA but overpredicts PM2.5 and underpredicts PM10 during SPS2. These biases are attributed to inaccurate meteorology, precursor emissions, insufficient SO2 conversion to sulfate, inadequate dispersion at finer grid resolutions, and underprediction in secondary organic aerosol. The model gives moderate biases for net shortwave radiation and cloud condensation nuclei but large biases for other radiative and cloud variables. The performance of aerosol optical depth and latent/sensible heat flux varies for different simulation periods. Among all variables evaluated, wind speed at 10-m, precipitation, surface concentrations of CO, NO, NO2, SO2, O3, PM2.5, and PM10, aerosol optical depth, cloud optical thickness, cloud condensation nuclei, and column NO2 show moderate-to-strong sensitivity to spatial grid resolutions. The use of finer grid resolutions (3- or 9-km) can generally improve the performance for those variables. While the performance for most of these variables is consistent with that over the U.S. and East Asia, several differences along with future work are identified to pinpoint reasons for such differences.
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Monk, Khalia, Elise-Andrée Guérette, Clare Paton-Walsh, Jeremy D. Silver, Kathryn M. Emmerson, Steven R. Utembe, Yang Zhang, et al. "Evaluation of Regional Air Quality Models over Sydney and Australia: Part 1—Meteorological Model Comparison." Atmosphere 10, no. 7 (July 4, 2019): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10070374.

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The ability of meteorological models to accurately characterise regional meteorology plays a crucial role in the performance of photochemical simulations of air pollution. As part of the research funded by the Australian government’s Department of the Environment Clean Air and Urban Landscape hub, this study set out to complete an intercomparison of air quality models over the Sydney region. This intercomparison would test existing modelling capabilities, identify any problems and provide the necessary validation of models in the region. The first component of the intercomparison study was to assess the ability of the models to reproduce meteorological observations, since it is a significant driver of air quality. To evaluate the meteorological component of these air quality modelling systems, seven different simulations based on varying configurations of inputs, integrations and physical parameterizations of two meteorological models (the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) and Conformal Cubic Atmospheric Model (CCAM)) were examined. The modelling was conducted for three periods coinciding with comprehensive air quality measurement campaigns (the Sydney Particle Studies (SPS) 1 and 2 and the Measurement of Urban, Marine and Biogenic Air (MUMBA)). The analysis focuses on meteorological variables (temperature, mixing ratio of water, wind (via wind speed and zonal wind components), precipitation and planetary boundary layer height), that are relevant to air quality. The surface meteorology simulations were evaluated against observations from seven Bureau of Meteorology (BoM) Automatic Weather Stations through composite diurnal plots, Taylor plots and paired mean bias plots. Simulated vertical profiles of temperature, mixing ratio of water and wind (via wind speed and zonal wind components) were assessed through comparison with radiosonde data from the Sydney Airport BoM site. The statistical comparisons with observations identified systematic overestimations of wind speeds that were more pronounced overnight. The temperature was well simulated, with biases generally between ±2 °C and the largest biases seen overnight (up to 4 °C). The models tend to have a drier lower atmosphere than observed, implying that better representations of soil moisture and surface moisture fluxes would improve the subsequent air quality simulations. On average the models captured local-scale meteorological features, like the sea breeze, which is a critical feature driving ozone formation in the Sydney Basin. The overall performance and model biases were generally within the recommended benchmark values (e.g., ±1 °C mean bias in temperature, ±1 g/kg mean bias of water vapour mixing ratio and ±1.5 m s−1 mean bias of wind speed) except at either end of the scale, where the bias tends to be larger. The model biases reported here are similar to those seen in other model intercomparisons.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Boundary layer (Meteorology) Australia"

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MacKinnon, Andrew David. "VHF Boundary Layer Radar and RASS." Title page, abstract and table of contents, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/37807.

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This thesis describes the refinements, modifications and additions to a prototype Very High Frequency (VHF) Boundary Layer (BL) Spaced Antenna (SA) radar initially installed at the University of Adelaide's Buckland Park field site in 1997. Previous radar observations of the lowest few kilometres of the atmosphere, in particular the Atmospheric Boundary Layer, have used Ultra-High Frequency (UHF) radars. Unlike VHF radars, UHF radars are extremely sensitive to hydro-meteors and have difficulty in distinguishing clear-air echoes from precipitation returns. The advantages and requirements of using a VHF radar to observe the lowest heights is discussed in conjunction with some of the limitations. The successful operation of the system over long periods has enabled in-depth investigation of the performance of the system in a variety of conditions and locations. Observations were made from as low as 300m and as high as 8 km, dependent upon conditions. Comparisons between the radar and alternative wind measuring devices were carried out and examined. The antenna system of the radar is a critical component which was analysed in depth and subsequently re-designed. Through the use of numerical models and mea- surements, evaluation of different designs was accomplished. Further calibration of the remaining components of the full system has enabled estimations of the absolute received power. Additional parameters which can be derived with a calibrated radar were compared with values obtained by other authors, giving favourable results. Full Correlation Analysis (FCA) is the predominant technique used in this work. A brief discussion of the background theory and parameters which can be measured is described. A simple one-dimensional model was developed and combined with a 'radar backscatter model' to investigate potential sources of errors in the parameters determined using FCA with the VHF Boundary Layer Radar. In particular, underes- timations in the wind velocity were examined. The integration of a Radio Acoustic Sounding System (RASS) to obtain tempera- ture profiles is discussed. The theory of RASS measurements including the limitations and considerations which are required for the VHF BL radar are given. The difficulties encountered trying to implement such a system and the subsequent success using a Stratospheric Tropospheric (ST) Profiler in place of the BL radar is presented. Taken as a whole this thesis shows the success of the VHF BL to obtain mea- surements from as low as 300m. The validation of this prototype radar provides an alternative and, in certain situations, a superior device with which to study the lower troposphere.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Department of Physics and Mathematical Physics, 2001.
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Anderson, Philip Stuart. "Aspects of the Antarctic boundary layer." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239832.

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Stevens, David Eric. "An adaptive multilevel method for boundary layer meteorology /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6776.

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Schafer, Robert. "Tropical island boundary layer structure and development /." [Sydney : University of Technology, Sydney], 1998. http://grison.colorado.edu/Robert/paper/phd.pdf.

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Lee-Thorp, Andrew Michael. "The atmospheric boundary layer above the Agulhas current." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/19455.

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This thesis describes the atmospheric boundary layer above the Agulhas Current using shipboard meteorological measurements and rawinsonde ascents. The juxtaposition of the warm Agulhas Current and cool shelf waters is shown to have far-reaching effects on the overlying atmosphere. Air-sea fluxes of momentum, sensible and latent heat and resultant boundary layer characteristics demonstrate high horizontal inhomogeneity. The results suggest that this inhomogeneity is permanent. The spatial heat flux gradient is reflected in the overlying atmosphere by a transition in stability of the boundary layer and potential cumulus formation from the cool shelf to the warm current. For airflow perpendicular to the Agulhas Current an internal boundary layer was observed to develop at the inshore sea surface temperature front. Onshore-moving air accumulated a significant quantity of moisture during its trajectory over the current. When airflow is parallel to the current an atmospheric moisture front exists along the axis of the inshore sea surface temperature front. The mean thermodynamic structure of the atmosphere was investigated. An inversion capped the boundary layer whilst a second, higher-level subsidence inversion was found which acts to limit the vertical development of cumulus clouds and therefore the redistribution of heat and moisture above the boundary layer. The results presented in this thesis are useful in two ways. The Agulhas Current has frequently been linked to South African climate. This is the first dedicated study which quantifies and characterizes the atmospheric boundary layer in this region. Secondly, maritime airmasses are dramatically modified above the Agulhas Current. The resultant large horizontal inhomogeneity, its vertical extent and permanence suggest that its inclusion is vital to any successful climate model. Atmospheric general circulation models have been criticized for not taking into account regions of strong horizontal inhomogeneity. The results of this thesis support this argument and highlight the need for similar studies. Bibliography: pages 116-123.
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Potvin, Guy. "The application of RASS in urban boundary layer meteorology." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0019/NQ44556.pdf.

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Whisenhant, Michelle K. "Turbulence parameterizations for convective boundary layers in high-resolution mesoscale models." Diss., Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03Dec%5FWhisenhant%5FPhD.pdf.

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Mabey, Deborah L. "Variability of refractivity in the suface layer." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02Jun%5FMabey.pdf.

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Lloyd, Matthew R. "Doppler LiDAR Measurements of Boundary Layer Heights over San Jose, California." Thesis, San Jose State University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10744231.

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There is a need for understanding boundary layer depth and climatology over the urban area of San Jose, California. In this paper, Doppler LiDAR data are observed from San Jose. The adopted methods of vertical velocity variance and skewness are used to determine the estimated height of the convective boundary layer and to analyze sources of turbulence. The use of these methods helped identify a few types of the boundary layer that are common in San Jose. Also examined in this paper is a brief climatology of the mean maximum convective boundary layer height in San Jose over the period of 2013–2015. Vertical velocity variance and skewness is applied to identify seasonal trends in the convective boundary layer height. The influence that the marine layer has on the boundary layer over San Jose is analyzed and a conduit for future work is set forth.

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Van, der Kamp Derek. "Ceilometer observations of Vancouver's urban boundary layer : validation and mixed-layer height estimation." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/1599.

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A mini-lidar system, Vaisala's CL31 ceilometer, was installed within a suburban area of Vancouver, BC, for the purpose of making continuous observations of the boundary layer over a period of 11 months. Initial validation of the ceilometer for use in boundary layer observations was undertaken. This involved the comparison of ceilometer data with eight months of ground-level particulate matter measurements, as well as with 16 vertical profiles of particulate matter and meteorological data. Once a variety of persistent noise structures within the data were accounted for, it was found that the ceilometer data showed good agreement with the particulate matter data, suggesting its usefulness for assessing air-quality throughout the bottom 1km of the atmosphere. Additionally, two algorithms were developed in order to estimate the height of the convective boundary layer, or the mixed-layer height, from the ceilometer data. One involved the fitting of an ideal-profile to the measured data, while the other involved the location of a minimum-gradient in the backscatter profile. The performance of these two techniques were assessed and compared, and it was found that the ideal-profile method was the more robust of the two. Finally, mixed-layer heights were estimated for fair weather, convectively active days. In order to isolate such conditions, an automatic flagging algorithm was developed. However, additional manual assessment was needed to avoided unsuitable conditions. Mixed-layer heights were estimated for 19 days over an 11 month period. the estimates presented here were found to agree with previous observations. Daily maximum mixed-layer heights ranged from 650m in July to 350m in December, indicating that the height of the convective boundary layer within Vancouver is significantly suppressed due to the city's coastal location.
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Books on the topic "Boundary layer (Meteorology) Australia"

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Dynamics, National Research Council (U S. ). Naval Studies Board Panel on Boundary Layer. Boundary layer dynamics. Washington, D.C: National Academy Press, 1997.

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Oke, T. R. Boundary layer climates. 2nd ed. London: Methuen, 1987.

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Oke, T. R. Boundary Layer Climates. London: Taylor & Francis Group Plc, 2004.

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Boundary layer climates. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 1990.

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Lee, Xuhui. Fundamentals of Boundary-Layer Meteorology. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60853-2.

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Boundary layer climates. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 1992.

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Garratt, J. R. The atmospheric boundary layer. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.

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Garratt, J. R. The atmospheric boundary layer. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.

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An introduction to boundary layer meteorology. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1988.

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Stull, Roland B., ed. An Introduction to Boundary Layer Meteorology. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3027-8.

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Book chapters on the topic "Boundary layer (Meteorology) Australia"

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Spiridonov, Vlado, and Mladjen Ćurić. "Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL)." In Fundamentals of Meteorology, 219–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52655-9_14.

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Stull, Roland B. "Stable Boundary Layer." In An Introduction to Boundary Layer Meteorology, 499–543. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3027-8_12.

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Stull, Roland B. "Boundary Layer Clouds." In An Introduction to Boundary Layer Meteorology, 545–85. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3027-8_13.

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Kropfli, Robert A. "The Atmospheric Boundary Layer: Panel Report." In Radar in Meteorology, 528–33. Boston, MA: American Meteorological Society, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-935704-15-7_36.

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Stull, Roland B. "Mean Boundary Layer Characteristics." In An Introduction to Boundary Layer Meteorology, 1–27. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3027-8_1.

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Panchev, S. "The Dynamics of the Atmospheric Planetary Boundary Layer." In Dynamic Meteorology, 275–308. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5221-8_10.

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Gossard, Earl E. "Radar Research on the Atmospheric Boundary Layer." In Radar in Meteorology, 477–527. Boston, MA: American Meteorological Society, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-935704-15-7_35.

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Stull, Roland B. "Convective Mixed Layer." In An Introduction to Boundary Layer Meteorology, 441–97. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3027-8_11.

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Stull, Roland B. "Boundary Conditions and Surface Forcings." In An Introduction to Boundary Layer Meteorology, 251–94. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3027-8_7.

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Stull, Roland B. "Measurement and Simulation Techniques." In An Introduction to Boundary Layer Meteorology, 405–40. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3027-8_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Boundary layer (Meteorology) Australia"

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Qiao, Xiayan, Xuebo Fan, Lin Li, Luyu Xue, Ziyue Zhang, and Ye Tian. "Observation of atmospheric boundary layer height by ceilometer and study of its application." In 2019 International Conference on Meteorology Observations (ICMO). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmo49322.2019.9026048.

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Zhou, Qing, Yong Zhang, Junli Jin, Peng Yan, Mengyun Lou, Shanshan Lv, and Jiajia Mao. "Comparison of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Retrieved from Radiosonde and Groundbased Microwave Radiometer Measurements." In 2019 International Conference on Meteorology Observations (ICMO). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmo49322.2019.9026100.

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Lou, Mengyun, Qing Zhou, Junli Jin, Yan Peng, Rui Dai, Yong Zhang, and Jianping Guo. "The Linkages between Atmospheric Boundary Layer and PM 2.5 from Different Region in China." In 2019 International Conference on Meteorology Observations (ICMO). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmo49322.2019.9026117.

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Babanin, Alexander V., Geoff G. Wake, and Jason McConochie. "Field Observation Site for Air-Sea Interactions in Tropical Cyclones." In ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2016-54570.

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Accurate predictions of winds, waves and currents within extreme tropical cyclones are critical for shipping, offshore oil and gas, ports and harbours, coastal erosion, tourism and fishing. The paper will describe a unique field observation programme intended to gather in situ data about air-sea interactions in tropical cyclones. The site has been established on the Woodside-operated North Rankin Complex, an offshore gas production facility located off the north-west coast of Western Australia. The facility is multi-purpose. It will assist Woodside to manage platform operations during the cyclone season and to make advances in the estimate of extreme wave crest heights for platform loading while enabling academic researchers to measure air-sea interactions. Concurrent measurements are conducted in the atmospheric boundary layer, on the ocean surface and below the surface all the way to the bottom at 120 m depth. The measurements include fluxes of momentum and energy across the air-sea interface, spray production, directional wave spectra up to high wavenumbers, and will allow us to close the balance of the air-sea exchanges for the first time in extreme field conditions.
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Griffiths, Terry, David White, Scott Draper, Adam Leighton, and Antonino Fogliani. "Lateral Resistance of Pipes on Rocky Seabeds: Comparison Between Measurements and Models Based on Synthetic Seabeds." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-61418.

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The behavior of pipelines, cables and umbilicals on rocky seabeds has to date received little research attention. This is despite the marine renewable energy and oil and gas industries relying on these ‘pipes’ to cross a variety of rocky seabed types in the presence of extreme metocean conditions. Present design solutions are challenging and costly, yet there remains a track record of in-service failures. This paper forms part of a wider research effort being undertaken by the University of Western Australia (UWA) into pipe behavior on rocky seabeds. This work includes the effects intermittent gaps have on hydrodynamic forces, the effect of seabed roughness on enhanced boundary layer thickness and the validity of existing hydrodynamic force models for small diameter cables. In this paper, the lateral resistance of pipes on rocky seabeds is investigated using both physical and numerical testing of model pipes over artificially-created rocky seabeds. Four model pipes of varying diameter have been displaced laterally over 1 m square model rocky seabeds, with a range of pipe to rock diameters. The lateral resistance of the physical pipe tests were recorded using load cells and a digital data-logger. Analysis of the physical test results has enabled comparison to (and refinement of) numerical models as well as improved understanding of the importance of different parameters. Our results show peak frictions above 6 arising under conditions where interface friction is only about 0.3, which contrasts dramatically with the friction value of 0.6 nominated in F109. This work contributes towards generation of new design methods suitable for application to field conditions.
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Babanin, Alexander V. "Wave-Induced Turbulence, Linking Metocean and Large Scales." In ASME 2020 39th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2020-18373.

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Abstract Until recently, large-scale models did not explicitly take account of ocean surface waves which are a process of much smaller scales. However, it is rapidly becoming clear that many large-scale geophysical processes are essentially coupled with the surface waves, and those include ocean circulation, weather, Tropical Cyclones and polar sea ice in both Hemispheres, climate and other phenomena in the atmosphere, at air/sea, sea/ice and sea/land interface, and many issues of the upper-ocean mixing below the surface. Besides, the wind-wave climate itself experiences large-scale trends and fluctuations, and can serve as an indicator for changes in the weather climate. In the presentation, we will discuss wave influences at scales from turbulence to climate, on the atmospheric and oceanic sides. At the atmospheric side of the interface, the air-sea coupling is usually described by means of the drag coefficient Cd, which is parameterised in terms of the wind speed, but the scatter of experimental data with respect to such dependences is very significant and has not improved noticeably over some 40 years. It is argued that the scatter is due to multiple mechanisms which contribute into the sea drag, many of them are due to surface waves and cannot be accounted for unless the waves are explicitly known. The Cd concept invokes the assumption of constant-flux layer, which is also employed for vertical profiling of the wind measured at some elevation near the ocean surface. The surface waves, however, modify the balance of turbulent stresses very near the surface, and therefore such extrapolations can introduce significant biases. This is particularly essential for buoy measurements in extreme conditions, when the anemometer mast is within the Wave Boundary Layer (WBL) or even below the wave crests. In this presentation, field data and a WBL model are used to investigate such biases. It is shown that near the surface the turbulent fluxes are less than those obtained by extrapolation using the logarithmic-layer assumption, and the mean wind speeds very near the surface, based on Lake George field observations, are up to 5% larger. The dynamics is then simulated by means of a WBL model coupled with nonlinear waves, which revealed further details of complex behaviours at wind-wave boundary layer. Furthermore, we analyse the structure of WBL for strong winds (U10 > 20 m/s) based on field observations. We used vertical distribution of wind speed and momentum flux measured in Topical Cyclone Olwyn (April 2015) in the North-West shelf of Australia. A well-established layer of constant stress is observed. The values obtained for u⁎ from the logarithmic profile law against u⁎ from turbulence measurements (eddy correlation method) differ significantly as wind speed increases. Among wave-induced influences at the ocean side, the ocean mixing is most important. Until recently, turbulence produced by the orbital motion of surface waves was not accounted for, and this fact limits performance of the models for the upper-ocean circulation and ultimately large-scale air-sea interactions. While the role of breaking waves in producing turbulence is well appreciated, such turbulence is only injected under the interface at the vertical scale of wave height. The wave-orbital turbulence is depth-distributed at the scale of wavelength (∼10 times the wave height) and thus can mix through the ocean thermocline in the spring-summer seasons. Such mixing then produces feedback to the large-scale processes, from weather to climate. In order to account for the wave-turbulence effects, large-scale air-sea interaction models need to be coupled with wave models. Theory and practical applications for the wave-induced turbulence will be reviewed in the presentation. These include viscous and instability theories of wave turbulence, direct numerical simulations and laboratory experiments, field and remote sensing observations and validations, and finally implementations in ocean, Tropical Cyclone, ocean and ice models. As a specific example of a wave-coupled environment, the wave climate in the Arctic as observed by altimeters will be presented. This is an important topic for the Arctic Seas, which are opening from ice in summer time. Challenges, however, are many as their Metocean environment is more complicated and, in addition to winds and waves, requires knowledge and understanding of ice material properties and its trends. On one hand, no traditional statistical approach is possible since in the past for most of the Arctic Ocean there was limited wave activity. Extrapolations of the current trends into the future are not feasible, because ice cover and wind patterns in the Arctic are changing. On the other hand, information on the mean and extreme wave properties is of great importance for oceanographic, meteorological, climate, naval and maritime applications in the Arctic Seas.
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Reports on the topic "Boundary layer (Meteorology) Australia"

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Friehe, Carl A. Japan/East Sea Air-Sea Interaction and Meteorology: Boundary-Layer Structure and Model Validation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada610245.

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Friehe, Carl A., and Djamal Khelif. Japan/East Sea Air-Sea Interaction and Meteorology: Boundary-Layer Structure and Model Validation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada625707.

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Friehe, Carl A., and Djamal Khelif. Japan/East Sea Air-Sea Interaction and Meteorology: Boundary-Layer Structure and Model Validation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada626447.

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