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Academic literature on the topic 'Boues granulaires'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Boues granulaires"
Pévère, Audrey. "Apport des mesures rhéologiques à l'étude des biomasses épuratoires granulaires anaérobies." Limoges, 2006. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/26d35e2e-ce33-487a-8dd6-d4842bddee14/blobholder:0/2006LIMO0030.pdf.
Full textThe experimentations have been carried out on the rheological characterisation of granular sludges from anaerobic bioreactors. After optimisation of measurement protocol, anaerobic granular sludges display a non newtonian rheological behaviour with shear thinning properties, slightly thixotropic. Limit viscosity was proposed as additional parameter for the physico-chemical characterization of sludge. The limit viscosity is sensitive to the sludges properties and may be considered as a global parameter able to describe the sludge evolution, during anaerobic bioreactor operation and whatever the bioreactor type used. In addition, the importance of the quantitative and qualitative interactions between granules can be indirectly studied. Lastly, this work showed the contribution of DLVO and Divalent Cation Bridging (DCB) theories in the granulation theories of anaerobic granular sludge
Godé, Christophe. "Séchage de boues en lit fluidisé à basse température par recyclage externe d'un support granulaire poreux." Compiègne, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001COMP1375.
Full textCaudan, Cédric. "Caractérisation des substances polymériques extracellulaires de boues granulaires aérobies : propriétés chimiques et implication dans la cohésion du granule." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOU30345.
Full textFor ten years, methods using aerobic granular sludge process for wastewater treatment have been extensively studied. Although the operating conditions leading to the production of dense microbial aggregates have been defined, little evidence has been reported about the biological mechanisms promoting the formation and stability of granules. However, exopolymeric substances (EPS) are major components of the extracellular matrix and various studies have suggested their involvement of, in the physicochemical properties of the formed granules (density, cohesion). To answer this question, a dual approach was undertaken in this work, based partly on analysis of the chemical properties of the EPS extracted from granules, and also on measurement of the granule cohesion performed after enzymatic digestion or chemical treatment of the EPS matrix. A multi-methods extraction protocol including physical steps (ultrasound) and chemical steps (non-ionic detergent, cation chelating agent) was developed in order to extract EPS from granules cultured in a SBR pilot and performing aerobic nitrogen removal. Analysis of the extracted EPS has confirmed the efficacy (depletion of EPS after 3 sequences) and the ability of this multi-methods protocol for EPS fractionation according to their biochemical nature (proteins, polysaccharides) and / or chemical functions (hydrophobic, anionic character). Comparison of the extraction profiles obtained from dense granules with those obtained from low-density aggregates (flocs) pointed out the preponderance in granule EPS of extractable proteins in the presence of a cation chelating agent. Analysis by anion chromatography of the granule EPS extracts confirmed the presence of highly charged proteins showing stronger anionic character than that of proteins extracted from flocculent sludge, suggesting thus a potential role of electrostatic interactions in the cohesion of granules. The collected granules were subsequently subjected to various treatments including enzymatic digestions (proteases or glycosidases) or chemical actions (EDTA or NaCl). The cohesion of both native and treated granules was then assayed by application of a controlled hydrodynamic strain in a stirred tank. Analysis of mass transfer showed that protein digestion has provoqued colloidal organic matter release with simultaneous calcium discharge but the granule cohesion was not significantly altered. In return, the cohesion of granules was decreased after a (1-4) glucan digestion since important detachment of macroparticles (with sizes of between 315 and 2820 microns) was observed after application of the hydrodynamic stress. This macroparticular detachment was not associated with any calcium release. Finally, treatment of granules with the chelator EDTA has resulted in the decrease of the granule size, the solubilization of micro-particles (smaller than 315 microns) and important calcium release, leading to significant drop in the resistance of granules towards detachment. These experiments allow thus to highlight that granule cohesion is carried out through diverging mechanisms involving different components of the extracellular matrix. In particular, they point out the role of alpha-glucan in maintaining cohesion and that of anionic proteins in promoting aggregation through electrostatic interactions involving calcium. At last, observation of granules by confocal microscopy confirmed the complementary role of these polymers, showing, for each of them, a particular structural organization: the alpha-glucans appeared preferentially organized in polysaccharidic cuticules surrounding the bacteria themselves encircled by a dense protein network
Abzac, Paul D'. "Composition, extraction et rôle dans la fixation des éléments métalliques des polymères extracellulaires issus de biomasses épuratoires granulaires anaérobies." Limoges, 2010. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/b4544d27-f018-471a-9afb-117f8c0f831e/blobholder:0/2010LIMO4066.pdf.
Full textAnaerobic granular sludges, mainly used to treat industrial wastewaters, are considered as particular biofilms. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) represent a large part of the biofilms, where they have different functions such as structural or protective roles. Few data are available in the literature concerning the EPS extracted from anaerobic granular sludges. Various physical and chemical methods are used to extract EPS from biomasses, but no standard technique was developed. The aim of this work was to identify how several extraction techniques can affect the composition and the metal binding properties of the EPS from anaerobic granular sludges. Chemical methods lead to the extraction of larger amounts of EPS. However, some chemicals, used to extract EPS, were detected in the EPS samples. They may affect the characterization of the EPS and the binding properties of the extracts. The composition of the EPS differs depending on the origin of the sludge and the extraction method used. A mineral fraction, associated with the organic fraction in the extracts, was highlighted. This mineral fraction was found as soluble ions and as solid particles. These mineral elements can affect the metal binding properties of the EPS extracts. Thus, various parameters have to be taken into account in the studies of the EPS properties
Henriques, Justine. "Scale-up d'un procédé continu aérobie à lit fluidisé granulaire pour le traitement des effluents." Thesis, Limoges, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIMO0021.
Full textDue to more stringent regulations, wastewater processes need to be more compact and effective. The utilization of aerobic granular sludge conjugates compactness and productivity with the control of the operational. Granulation, which need specific conditions, are mostly operated in batch reactors. To improve the capacity of treatment, this study investigates process conditions for an optimal operation for a continuous reactor working with aerobic granular sludge. First of all, granulation technique is optimized in a laboratory batch reactor (SBR) and results reveal that food to microorganism ratio, shear and selection pressure applied influence pellets’ formation and their properties. Then, this optimized method is successfully scaled-up. After that, the utilization of granules in continuous is studied and this mode increases the reactor capacity while the granular structure is maintained. The utilization of an industrial influent shows reserved results. A commercial software was used to simulate experimental results obtained for a fluidized reactor using pellets. The model, proposed by the software, shows inconsistencies in batch mode. The MBBR model seems more appropriate to simulate continuous mode although the whole pellet is not considered. So, the utilization of aerobic granular sludge in a continuous reactor is a promising technology but further research is needed in the long term operation and its modeling
Rondon, Loic. "Effondrement granulaire : couplages fluide-grains." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10209/document.
Full textNous étudions expérimentalement l'effondrement d'une colonne granulaire dans un liquide visqueux. Contrairement au cas sec, la morphologie des dépôts n'est principalement plus contrôlée par le rapport d'aspect initial du tas mais par la fraction volumique initiale de la masse granulaire. Deux régimes différents sont identifiés selon l'empilement initial. L'empilement lâche donne lieu à des dépôts minces et longs et la dynamique est rapide. Une surpression du liquide est mesurée sous de la colonne. Pour l'empilement dense, l'étalement final est deux fois moindre, le mouvement est lent et une dépression interstitielle est mesurée. Ces observations suggèrent que la dynamique de l'effondrement granulaire dans un fluide est fortement affectée par le comportement de la dilatance du milieu granulaire.Nous développons ensuite un modèle théorique basé sur des équations diphasiques moyennées dans l’épaisseur prenant en compte les mécanismes de dilatance. L’étude dimensionnelle de notre modèle permet de montrer que l’effondrement d’une colonne est contrôlé par trois paramètres sans dimension : le rapport d’aspect de la colonne, la fraction volumique initiale, et le nombre de grains dans l’épaisseur. On montre également que le temps caractéristique met en compétition le frottement visqueux et la gravité.De ce modèle, nous développons un algorithme de résolution lagrangien. Cette approche, grossière mais robuste, permet d’implanter s sans trop de difficulté. Le code est validé sur des configurations simples sur plan incliné avant de simuler l’effondrement de colonnes granulaires immergées dans la même gamme de paramètres que nos expériences
Vu, Cam Tu. "Comparison between granular and conventional activated sludge for trace metal elements sorption/desorption. Case of copper for landspreading application in France and in Vietnam." Thesis, Limoges, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIMO0008/document.
Full textThe spreading of sewage sludge is both ecological and economical in sofar as their quality is controlled and in particular the low level of the heavy metals available. Copper is a very common substance, naturally occurring in the environment, widely used in industry and agriculture. As a result, quantities of copper in the environment have increased, so it has been selected in this study as representing human-induced pollution to assess its mobility in relation to the quality of sludge and soil. 9 different sludges and 2 soils (grass soil from France and paddy soil from Vietnam) were studied as well as granular sludge. A methodology was developed to evaluate the effect of sludge and soil origin on copper leaching ability during sludge application for agricultural activities. Desorption tests in soil-amended sludge columns showed that: a) Whateverthe origin of soil, the centri-dried (BCD), centrifuged (BC), reed-bed (LR) sludges presented a Cu release lower than 2% while filter-pressed (BFP), digested (BD), thickened (BE) and limed (BCh) sludge amended soils increased Cu availability in soil; b) the copper leaching of granular sludge amended grass soil was higher than those measured for conventional sludge samples; c) in paddy soil, landspreading of granular sludge limited the Cu desorption compared to limed (BCh), filter-press (BFP), digested (BD) and centrifuged (BC) sludge samples. Four mechanisms groups are proposed to explain the fate of Cu in soils: 1) the control; 2) the group of Cp1, Cp2, BC, LR and BCD; 3) the group of BCh BD BE and BFP, and 4) the group of granular sludge. It is found that paddy soil containing low organic matter, application of granular sludge orother types such as composted or dried sludge can not only increase the nutrient content but also reduce the leaching capacity of copper
Durieux, Sidonie. "Contribution à l'étude des granules aérobies et à la production d'ALE : effets d'une charge organique élevée et de différents DCO/N." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse, INSA, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ISAT0052.
Full textAerobic granular sludge allows multiple reactions and fast-settling among the same tank (Morgenroth et al., 1997). In addition, the potential valorization of ALE (alginate-like exopolymers) seems an interesting route for circular economy of wastewaters (van Leeuwen et al., 2018).Granular sludge processes are already used for domestic and industrial wastewaters treatment (Pronk et al., 2015). This thesis was interested in studying the possibility to valorize ALE from particular (industrial), highly loaded wastewaters. Viability of this valorization from highly loaded wastewaters was first ensured by studying granulation with high OLR (organic loading rate), various COD/N and low COD/P. Following, the impact of operating conditions on slow growers (phosphate- and glycogen-accumulating organisms, PAO and GAO), and their own impact on granulation have been studied. Finally, granulation and ALE production were monitored for high loading rates, that led to modification of operating conditions, in particular the food-to-microorganisms (F/M) ratio.The main objectives of this thesis were:- Get better knowledge on the granulation process under different COD/N ratio in the feeding.- Understand the dependence between the specific organic loading rate (or food/microorganism ratio (F/M)) and the ALE production rate.The approach was based on both experimental studies and modelling. Reactors used were semi-pilot of 17 L. They were operated as bubble column sequenced batch reactors (SBR) with an anaerobic/aerobic cycle. The granulation was obtained by progressive increase of the organic loading rate (OLR) from 1 to 3 kg COD/m3/d. The COD substrates were glucose, VFA (acetate and propionate) and peptone. Modelling was used to interpret the experimentally obtained results using the SUMO software from Dynamita.In the first chapter of this thesis the granulation under high and low COD/N was compared. Whereas granulation was successful for high COD/N, low COD/N led to deflocculation. Studying the microbial activity, it was observed that nitrifiers had been washed out, due to the high selection pressure. This nitrification loss led to an increased ammonium concentration and corresponding free ammonia concentration, causing deflocculation and microbial shift. Those effects were compared with effects of low COD/N on already obtained granules. Granules maintained, even under low COD/N, and could even be favorized.In the second chapter, the role of PAO and GAO in granulation, under high COD/P ratio, was also studied by comparing reactor with and without washout of those slow growers. The presence of PAO and GAO ensured anaerobic consumption of the COD. When they were washed out filamentous growth was observed at the same time as a sharp decrease of the anaerobic COD consumption and phosphates release, indicating the loss of PAO and GAO. A replicable shift of population was observed. Decreasing the selection pressure allowed the formation of granules, thanks to another microbial shift, which relied on completely different metabolisms as the anaerobic COD consumption never rose again. The results obtained were compared with simulation.Finally, the third chapter studied the impact of F/M (0.3 to 0.65 g CODS/g VSS/d) by increasing progressively the OLR, on the aerobic granular sludge system stability and evaluated the ALE production under these conditions. The high organic loading rate imposed a short SRT that led to a low ALE concentration among the obtained granules and the ALE concentration was observed to be correlated to the applied F/M.As a conclusion, different challenges to be faced for valorization of industrial wastewaters have been studied during this thesis, in order to bring new knowledge to better face them
Cao, Feishu. "Caractérisation de l'hydrophobie des polymères extracellulaires (PEC) extrait de biofilms : une étude basée sur la technique de la résine DAX-8." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1048/document.
Full textThe hydrophobic properties of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) exert a profound influence on the cell surface properties. However, many factors such as EPS extractions methods, substrate type influence EPS characteristics, and limited information regarding to the hydrophobic features of EPS can be found. The main aim of this study is to develop a proper method to study EPS hydrophobicity, and then investigate the hydrophobic features of EPS.The hydrophobic fractionation by Supelite™ DAX-8 resin was first applied on the EPS extracted from anaerobic granular sludge, two elution pH conditions i.e. pH 2 and 5 were tested. The impact of seven EPS extraction methods on the hydrophobic features of EPS was assessed. The results showed that the extraction methods and bulk solution pH dramatically influenced the EPS composition and their hydrophobicity. Besides, the EPS extracting reagents namely formaldehyde, ethanol, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and Tween 20 not only introduced extra carbon content during total organic carbon (TOC) measurement, but also interacted with the DAX-8 resin. By comparing the apparent molecular weight (aMW) distribution of the untreated and pH-adjusted EPS samples detected by size exclusion chromatography, more complete EPS aMW information was preserved at pH 5. Thus, the hydrophobic fractionation by DAX-8 resin at pH 5 and physical EPS extraction methods were preferred in this study.After identifying the proper conditions for DAX-8 resin fractionation, detailed qualitative analysis of the EPS hydrophobic features was further investigated. The results showed that the humic-like substances (HS-like) were the major organic constituent of the EPS extracted from the anaerobic granular sludge, and they were also the main molecular support of the EPS hydrophobicity. Those hydrophobic HS-like compounds were mainly small molecules ranging from 8 kDa to <1 kDa. Proteins (PN) and polysaccharides (PS) contributed to the EPS hydrophobicity to a lesser extent.The role of PN and PS in the EPS hydrophobicity was difficult to be shown. It is known that the major organic constituents of the EPS extracted from bacteria, algae and fungi are PN and PS. Therefore, to explore the hydrophobic features of PN and PS, as well as to investigate the impact of Ni(II) addition, on the EPS hydrophobicity, the fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium was chosen. The results showed that the contents of PN and PS in the extracted fungal EPS varied with the Ni(II) concentration. With an increase in the Ni concentration from 0 mg/L to 25 mg/L, the PN content was decreased whereas the PS content was increased. The fungal EPS hydrophobicity, determined by the DAX-8 resin treatment, was decreased as the Ni concentration increased.Besides, the peak intensity on the size exclusion chromatography (SEC) corresponding to the PN-like molecules (Ex/Em = 225/345 nm) ranging from 1.9×103 to 10 kDa were intensified by the Ni addition, while the aMW distribution of the total organics (UV/210) in the EPS remained almost stable. These results indicated that those PN-like compounds may determine the hydrophobicity of fungal EPS under stress conditions.For the more heterogeneous EPS extracted from anaerobic granular sludge, HS-like compounds were identified as the major organic component, as well as the main molecular support of the EPS hydrophobicity. By studying the hydrophobic features of the EPS extracted from the fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium, it showed that the PN and PS in the EPS played an active role in protecting the fungus under Ni stress. The increased Ni concentration decreased the hydrophobicity of fungal EPS, but it increased the cell surface hydrophobicity of the fungus. It seems that the presence of Ni promoted the fungus becoming more hydrophobic
Mouzaoui, Mohamed Amine. "Caractérisation des régimes d'écoulement des boues résiduaires au cours du séchage thermique par agitation." Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EMAC0001.
Full textIn EU, sludge production is increasing every year and is becoming a real challenge for the waste water treatment plants (WWTP). To reduce volumes and facilitate the reuse of organic matter, thermal drying is one of the most commonly used operations in large WWTP. Optimisation of the paddle dryer energy consumption can be obtained by an accurate control of the operating parameters, among which the residence time which is directly connected to the flow velocity in the dryer. Controlling the residence time implies the knowledge of the rheological parameters of sludge for total solid contents (TS) higher than 20 wt.% and their temperature dependency during drying. However, rheological measurements are difficult to perform at high TS as uncontrolled effects such as fractures and evaporation appear. Consequently, the obtained rheological measurements are not fully representative of a controlled state of the sludge.In this work, we show how to correct fractures impact with a well-controlled procedure allowing the exact determination of the surface really sheared in the range of strain 0-200 %, and so, of intrinsic rheological parameters. Moreover, we show how to control the evaporation of water at high temperatures, up to 80 °C, during at least 2 h of rheological measurements. These procedures are suitable for sludge having a pasty/plastic consistency and are compatible with any commercial rotational rheometer. Furthermore, above the plasticity limit TSP=43 wt.%, the studied sludge looks like a divided material that we characterize using a powder rheometer. The use of a powder rheometer, based on the Jenike principle and conventionally used in granular media, has been validated for the highest concentrations, in particular by means of a comparison with a conventional rheometer. Then, based on these procedures, the impact of concentration on the nature of sludge rheological behaviour has been investigated. We show the existence of 4 different regimes in the 2 48 wt.% TS range. Under 6 wt.% TS, the sludge is defined as a diluted suspension and the rheological behaviour is governed by viscous forces (physico-chemical and/or hydrodynamic interactions). When the TS content is higher than 14 but lower than 43 wt.%, the sludge looks like a pasty/plastic material and the behaviour is governed by frictional forces which manifested by the appearance of dilatancy. In the intermediate range of TS, that is 6-14 wt.%, the rheological behaviour is governed by a competition between viscous and frictional forces. Above 43 wt.%, the divided granular-like sludge behaves like a cohesive powder. We demonstrate that the relation between solid-like parameters (such as the yield stress) and the TS content can be modelled using a model combining a power and an Eilers laws. The power law dominates in the viscous regime, the Eilers law in the frictional regime and neither is dominant in the transitional regime. All of these results allowed us to propose a rheophysical scheme that links the rheological behaviour of the sludge to its consistency