Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Boucliers'
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Geiger, Armgart. "Treibverzierte Bronzerundschilde der italischen Eisenzeit aus Italien und Griechenland /." Stuttgart : F. Steiner, 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35722848c.
Full textLouvat, Didier. "Géochimie isotopique du soufre et du carbone et circulations aquifères en roches cristallines de Suède centrale (STRIPA) et de Finlande." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112168.
Full textReda, Ali. "Contribution à l’étude des problèmes du creusement avec bouclier à pression de terre : confinement, marinage et remplissage du vide annulaire." Lyon, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAL0097.
Full textIn order to study the specific problems of the EPB shield, we have designed and built an experimental apparatus. This apparatus is equipped with two models : the first one is a small scale EPBS model. With this model we can simulate a real excavation process, in laboratory, of tunnels and/or micro-tunnels. The second model is a screw conveyor, with which we can study mucking problems and the effect of adding additives. The measuring and the controlling of the pressure applied on the front face are the essential difficulties of the EPBS. To salve these problems we have worked on the reliability of the materials and on the deduction of the pressure applied on the front from the measures taken on the bulkhead. So we have designed and fabricated a prototype of a pressure gauge and we are working on the homologation of this gauge for EPBS use. Otherwise, to deduce the pressure on the front, we propose the idea of a pressure gradient which is a function of the pressure chamber depth, measuring materials and soil characteristics. With the pressure gradient notion, we can also evaluate the action of additive on the homogenization of the pressure state in the pressure chamber with simple tests in pressure cells. For problems of backfilling of the tail void, we have worked on the definition of a methodology of verification of the efficiency of backfilling materials. So we have designed an apparatus and fixed the procedures which can be used in the laboratory and on sites. With this methodology we have studied our formulation of inert backfilling material (without cement), for which we have optimized the. Components and studied the effects on characteristics of various additives and concentrations
Quebaud, Stéphane. "Contribution à l'étude du percement de galeries par boucliers à pression de terre : amélioration du creusement par l'utilisation des produits moussants." Lille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIL10121.
Full textMaillot, Évelyn. "Les systèmes intrusifs des volcans boucliers océaniques, île de La Réunion (océan Indien) : approche structurale et expérimentale." La Réunion, 1999. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/99_15_Maillot.pdf.
Full textSalvany, Tiffany. "Evolution morphostructurale de volcans boucliers intraplaques océaniques : exemple des volcans de l'île de la Réunion (Océan Indien)." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112375.
Full textReunion Island is a volcanic complex composed of at least two coalescent eruptive systems: Piton des Neiges and Piton de la Fournaise volcanoes. The island is submitted to a tropical climate and therefore heavy rainfalls. Due to these tropical conditions, construction and erosion have always been in competition. Morphostructural evolution of Piton des Neiges volcano has been investigated. We realized a geochronological study and 34 new and accurate K-Ar ages have been obtained. These last ones allow us to refine the eruptive history of the volcano. Morphostructural evolution of the eastern part of Reunion Island has also been investigated. The morphological analysis associated to geochronological study reveals the successive edifications of the massifs in relief inversions from the periphery toward the central volcano area. Erosion is therefore a key component on landscape evolution of this part. Our analysis also emphasizes relationships between Piton des Neiges and Piton de la Fournaise volcanoes in this region. Piton de la Fournaise seems to have a wider areal extension in the eastern part than previously thought. In order to evaluate construction and erosion rates, the paleo-topography was created. We computed a 500 km3 minimum eroded volume during the last 400 kyr. The morphological analysis realized highlights that no major flank collapses happened between 1. 4 Ma and the recent period on Piton des Neiges volcano. Moreover, eroded volumes are in same order of magnitude than those involved in the debris avalanches. We show here that erosion is a major process in the morphostructural evolution of Reunion Island, which has largely been neglected in the previous models
Chaput, Marie. "Déformation et activité intrusive des volcans boucliers - Du terrain à la modélisation numérique (Piton des Neiges - La Réunion)." Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00967104.
Full textKieffer, Bruno. "Pétrologie et géochimie des trapps et des volcans-boucliers d'Ethiopie et du plateau de Kerguelen (LEG ODP183, site 1139)." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00688401.
Full textNassor, Hamidou. "Contribution à l'étude du risque volcanique sur les grands volcans boucliers basaltiques : le Karthala et le Piton de la Fournaise." La Réunion, 2001. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/01_19_Nassor.pdf.
Full textLe, Dez Alain. "Variations pétrologiques et géochimiques associées à l'édification des volcans-boucliers de Polynesie française : exemples de Nuku Hiva et Hiva Oa (Marquises) et de Moorea (Société)." Brest, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BRES2012.
Full textBorg, Marine. "Etude de l'adhérence peinture sur des nouvelles matières plastiques. Mécanismes et caractérisation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Pau, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024PAUU3076.
Full textMaterials based on polypropylene (PP) copolymers are widely used in automotive industry, thanks to their many advantages: lower vehicle weight, reduced fuel emission and pollution, good mechanical and thermal properties (resistance to deformation and heat), lower production costs. This applies to most interior components, but also a number of external parts like bumpers and shields. In our work, we were particularly interested in shields which are generally painted for aesthetic reasons. This raises several issues given the low natural surface tension of these materials, leading to a weak adhesion of paints on this type of surface. There have been a number of developments and improvements in the painting process for these materials since the beginning of their use. Many research projects have been carried out regarding adhesion phenomena on surfaces with low surfaces energy. They have highlighted the importance of preparing surfaces before they are painted in order to increase their surface energy. Various studies focus on the different treatment parameters, such as flaming, with a view to optimizing the surface energy and, consequently, the durability of the paint. The chemical composition of polypropylene (PP)-based materials is also a subject treated by various studies, because surface adhesion can vary depending on the additives and fillers in the formulations. This project aims at investigating the issues related to paint adhesion to commercial plastics. The main objective is to better understand the physico-chemical mechanisms of adhesion between paint and polypropylene-based plastic parts. We are proposing a complete characterization, at different scales, of a series of model samples aimed at a better understanding of the adhesion mechanisms of paint on plastics. Surface characterization techniques such as XPS, MEB, AFM and contact angle measurements were used to understand the interface mechanisms. Flame and UV-ozone treatments were chosen to activate the surfaces. Two lines of research were carried out. Firstly, we studied the influence of the quantity of talc, a filler contained in commercial formulations, on adhesion properties. Secondly, we studied the impact of surface treatments. According to our results, the quantity of mineral filler in PP blends has no impact on paint adhesion, despite their influence on the degree of crystallization, which can affect the surface structure. A surface treatment that modified the physical properties of the surface, such as flaming, is still essential to ensure that the paint holds well on the plastic substrate, in our work we show the modifications generated by this treatment, leading to better paint adhesion.(1) In Europe, the Renault 5 was the first car to be equipped with a plastic bumper. Around 1985, bumpers were painted the same color as the bodywork
Lemaitre, Serge. "Kekeewin ou kekeenowin: les peintures rupestres de l'est du Bouclier canadien." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211124.
Full textDepuis une dizaine d'années, les recherches en art rupestre se développent de plus en plus :de nouvelles techniques, ainsi que des interprétations récentes, prenant plus en compte les autres domaines scientifiques font leur apparition. Toutes ces approches sont largement diffusées par des colloques, des congrès et des périodiques spécialisés. Néanmoins, elles sont encore peu appliquées dans de nombreuses régions, les représentations ne faisant généralement l'objet que d'un relevé succinct, d'une identification des principaux motifs et d'une chronologie relative incertaine. Dans les années '60, Leroi-Gourhan rejetait, à juste titre pour l'art pariétal européen, le comparatisme ethnologique et il préconisait de "recevoir directement du Paléolithique ce qu'il apportait spontanément". Les spécialistes européens se focalisèrent alors sur les peintures et gravures et les étudièrent de la même manière que n'importe quel artefact archéologique (typologie, chronologie, carte de répartitions, analyse quantitative…). Au contraire, en Amérique et en Australie, où l'approche ethnographique et ethnologique est possible, les chercheurs se concentrèrent principalement sur ce dernier axe de recherche. Les dernières recherches en Europe de l'art pariétal paléolithique ont démontré l'importance d'une approche à la fois plus objective, plus exhaustive et plus contextuelle, approche qui fait encore malheureusement très largement défaut dans les travaux consacrés aux art rupestres, notamment les peintures rupestres du Bouclier canadien. Or, ces manifestations "esthétiques" sont susceptibles de nous livrer des informations non seulement sur le fonctionnement mental et spirituel des hommes qui les ont réalisées, par l'analyse des contenus graphiques mais aussi sur leur fonctionnement social grâce à la reconstitution des diverses chaînes opératoires mises en œuvre pour leur obtention. Il est donc désormais indispensable de lier les deux approches et de traiter ces documents archéologiques, tant d’un point de vue anthropologique qu’archéologique. C’est-à-dire, en analysant les peintures dans leur contexte (importance du rocher et des fissures, position du rocher sur le lac et importance de la voie de communication) et en les reliant à ce que nous connaissons de la mythologie et des pratiques culturelles des sociétés amérindiennes.
Doctorat en philosophie et lettres, Orientation histoire de l'art et archéologie
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Rouillon, Camille. "Etude de l'impact des vieillissements photochimique, thermique et climatique sur les propriétés d'aspect de polypropylènes teintés masse colorés." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF22636.
Full textUnder photochemical, thermal and hydrolytic stresses, polymers undergo an often-irreversible degradation of their functional properties. The study of the mechanisms governing the degradation of the properties is important, and understanding the involved phenomena at every scale is mandatory to predict the material lifetime. This PhD thesis aims at understanding the mechanisms underlying the loss of appearance properties of mass coloured polypropylene materials, using a multi-scale and multi-criteria approach. Formulations were progressively made more complex during this study, in order to understand the influence of organic pigments, stabilizers, and talc, on the appearance changes of the material under exposure. Thanks to the obtained results and to the threshold values determined for each identified criterion during degradation monitoring, an analytical model to study mass coloured polypropylene ageing could be proposed
Bailly, Michel Alexandre. "Le projet américain de bouclier antimissile : quelles implications économiques et industrielles pour l'Europe ?" Littoral, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004DUNK0104.
Full textIn 2001, the Department of Defense (DoD) of the United States decided to develop a "system of systems", under the name of Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS) intended to protect the United States against limited ballistic missile attacks coming from the rogue States and the proliferations of weapons of mass destruction. The Missile Defense Agency (MDA) will develop incrementally and integrated Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) System that layers defenses to intercept ballistic missiles of all ranges in all phases of flight -boost, midcourse, and terminal. We shall investigate a geo-strategic and economic approach of the new threats and we shall also examine the American answers which are based primarily on the reaffirmation of their status of hyperpower by their technological supremacy and the absence of European answer. European Union is content with the traditional means of creation of richness whereas the United States understood that innovation will be the key of economic survival and maintaining their hegemonic domination during the new millennium
Atahan, Cem. "Modélisation numérique du creusement d'un tunnel à l'aide d'un bouclier à pression de boue." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529420.
Full textCheng, Li Zhen. "Interprétation des données de flux de chaleur et de gravité dans le bouclier canadien." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0020/NQ49058.pdf.
Full textATAHAN, CEM. "Modélisation numérique du creusemet d'u tunnel à l'aide d'u bouclier à pression de boue." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ENPC9511.
Full textAlamy, Zyad. "L'étude hydrogéologique : un préalable au développement minier dans le bouclier arabe, royaume d'Arabie Saoudite." Bordeaux 3, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985BOR30200.
Full textCheng, Li Zhen. "Interprétation des données de flux de chaleur et de gravité dans le Bouclier Canadien /." Thèse, Montréal : Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Montréal ;. Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1999. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textBruneton, Marianne. "Etude de la structure lithosphérique 3D du bouclier balte par l'analyse des ondes de Rayleigh." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00719966.
Full textGagnon-Poiré, Antoine. "Sédimentation tardi-quaternaire glaciaire à postglaciaire dans trois fjords lacustres adjacents du sud-est du Bouclier canadien." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27400.
Full textDes données bathymétriques à haute résolution acquises à l'aide d’un sonar multifaisceaux et d’un interféromètre ont permis de cartographier pour la première fois la géomorphologie subaquatique des lacs Pentecôte, Walker et Pasteur, trois fjords lacustres profonds et rapprochés sur la Côte-Nord (Est du Canada). Ces anciens bassins sédimentaires glaciomarins ont été isolés par le relèvement glacio-isostatique pour évoluer en lacs profonds et allongés aux versants abrupts. Leur position géographique clé et leurs caractéristiques limnogéologiques typiques des fjords présentent un potentiel exceptionnel pour des reconstitutions paléoenvironnementales à haute résolution sur une longue période de temps. Une modélisation du potentiel hydraulique suggère que le Lac Walker a probablement existé en tant que lac sous-glaciaire sous l’Inlandsis laurentidien pendant le Dernier Maximum Glaciaire, suggérant que des sédiments pourraient avoir échappé à l'érosion glaciaire et contenir des paléo-enregistrements de la et/ou des dernière(s) glaciation(s). Ces lacs, localisés à proximité des systèmes morainiques du Dryas récent et inondés lors de la transgression marine postglaciaire de la Mer de Goldthwait, ont préservé des archives sédimentaires laminées jusqu'à aujourd'hui, enregistrant les changements paléoenvironnementaux produits depuis la dernière déglaciation. Les profils acoustiques de sous-surfaces acquis à l'aide d'un Chirp bi-fréquences (3.5. et 12 kHz), ainsi que les carottes de sédiment ont révélé la présence de quatre unités sédimentaires. Le soubassement acoustique (U1), c.-à-d. le socle rocheux et/ou les sédiments de contact glaciaire, révèle la présence de vallées rocheuses en forme de V au fond des lacs qui ont possiblement échappé à l’érosion glaciaire. Les moraines observées dans les lacs et à l’embouchure de leur vallée structurale indiquent une déglaciation rapide ponctuée par de courtes stabilisations glaciaires. Au cours de la déglaciation et à la suite de leur isolation, les lacs ont été remplis par d’épais sédiments rythmiquement laminés de silts et d’argile (U2) déposés pendant l’épisode marin et/ou glaciolacustre, qui ont été perturbés par des mouvements de masse durant la déglaciation. Des datations AMS 14C révèlent que la déglaciation des bassins versants des lacs Pentecôte et Walker et le développement des conditions para- et postglaciaires sont survenus vers < 7995 à 8160 et < 7845-7950 cal BP respectivement. Le développement des longues plaines deltaïques à la tête des lacs au cours de l'Holocène, a généré une source constante de sédiments fluviatiles (U3) et la formation de structures sous-marines en forme de croissant sur la pente subaquatique des deltas. La partie supérieure (c.-à-d. ~ 4 à ~ 6,5 m) de la séquence sédimentaire des lacs révèle un enregistrement continu des conditions para- et postglaciaires (U4) qui contiennent des sédiments rythmiquement laminés (possiblement des varves) et une série de couches déposées rapidement. Ces sédiments riches en matières organiques montrent que de faibles taux de sédimentation ont prévalu dans les lacs depuis la déglaciation de leur bassin versant et qu’ils ont diminué au cours de l'Holocène.
High-resolution bathymetric data acquired using a multibeam echosounder and an interferometric side-scan sonar allowed mapping for the first time the sublacustrine geomorphology of the lakes Pentecôte, Walker and Pasteur, three deep adjacent fjord-lakes of the Québec North Shore (eastern Canada). These formerly glaciomarine sedimentary basins have been glacio-isostatically uplifted to form deep steep-sided elongated lakes. The key geographical position and their limnogeological characteristics typical of fjords show exceptional potential for paleoenvironmental reconstructions at high resolution on a long period of time. A hydraulic potential modelling suggest that the Lake Walker probably existed as a subglacial lake beneath the Laurentide Ice Sheet during the LGM suggesting that sediments could have escaped glacial erosion and may contain paleo-records of the last glaciation(s). These lakes, located near Younger Dryas morainic systems, were flooded during the Goldthwait Sea postglacial marine transgression and have preserved laminated sediment archives until today which contain sedimentary archives that recorded paleo-environmental changes that have occurred since the last deglaciation. Acoustic sub-bottom profiles acquired using a bi-frequency Chirp echosounder (3.5 & 12 kHz), together with cm-short and m-long sediment core data, reveal the presence of four sedimentary units. The acoustic basement (U1), related to the structural bedrock and/or the ice-contact sediments of the Laurentide Ice-Sheet reveal the presence of V-shaped bedrock valleys at the bottom of the lakes that possibly escaped glacial erosion. Moraines observed at the bottom of the lake and in their structural valleys indicate an overall fast deglaciation punctuated by short-term ice margin stabilizations. Following ice-retreat and their isolation, the fjord-lakes were filled by thick sequence of rhythmically laminated silts and clays (U2) deposited during marine and/or glaciolacustrine settings which were disturbed by mass-movements during the deglaciation. AMS 14C dating reveal that the deglaciation of the lakes Pentecôte and Walker watersheds and the development of para- and postglacial conditions occurred at < 7995 – 8160 and < 7845–7950 cal BP respectively. The development of the long lake-head river delta plain during the Holocene, generated a constant source of fluvial sediments supply (U3) and the formation of crescentic and creeping bedforms on the sublacustrine deltas slope. Lakes reveal in the upper (i. e., ~4 to ~6.5 m of their sediment infill a continuous para- to postglacial sediment record (U4) that contain laminated sediment (possibly varves) and a series of rapidly deposited layers. These organic-rich sediments show that low rates of sediment accumulation have prevailed in the lakes since the deglaciation of their watershed and have decreased during the Holocene.
Combes, Vincent. "Les minéralisations aurifères de Yaou et Couriège (Bouclier Guyanais) : des modalités de l’enrichissement primaire aux processus secondaires." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0265.
Full textGold deposits located in French Guiana (France, South America) within Rhyacian terranes (2.3-2.05 Ga), are the witnesses of the Trans-Amazonian orogeny. These deposits, in the Guiana Shield, are covered by a dense rainforest where well-developed lateritic profiles leave little outcrop of unaltered bedrock. Considering this specific context, this thesis is interested in defining (i) what are the primary gold mineralisation processes and (ii) what is their preservation and enrichment (or not) during secondary supergene processes and is based on two case studies: the Yaou deposit and the Couriège prospect. At Yaou, intrusive bodies (quartz monzodiorite), mainly hosting gold mineralisation, are aligned along a sinistral shear zone affecting a volcano-sedimentary sequence. A polyphase tectono-magmatic evolution, of 5 deformation phases, is proposed at the scale of the mineralized camp. Associated with this deformation framework are two gold events which control the overall gold budget of the deposit. The intrusion hosting the mineralisation is dated at 2130.6 ± 5.8 Ma (U-Pb on zircon). The modalities of supergene processes are studied at the Couriège prospect, which includes several gold occurrences associated either with pyrite-rich quartz veins within in situ lateritic profiles, or with colluvial and alluvial horizons. Two profiles were studied to assess the role of supergene processes in the modification of primary (hypogene) mineralisation. The Achman Giraud site is characterised by an authigenic alteration profile with gold-bearing quartz veins. The weak vertical and lateral dispersion of gold, the predominantly primary character of the gold grains, and the limited evidence of supergene gold reprecipitation, argue for minor supergene remobilisation without clear evidence for gold enrichment during lateritisation. The Lupe site exposes a gold-bearing detrital horizon truncating a barren lateritic profile. Gold is present as electrum inclusions in partially goethitised detrital pyrite crystals and as free gold grains exhibiting a sub-rounded shape, mechanical transport marks and Ag-depleted rim, suggesting transport and exposure to weathering over significant distance and time
Core, Arthur. "Étude du comportement mécanique de sphères creuses composites sous sollicitations dynamiques.Application à un bouclier de choc à l’oiseau." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENAM0039/document.
Full textHollow sphere structure (HSS) belongs to cellular solids that have been studied recently for its multiples properties. In our case, HSS aims to absorb soft impacts energy on an airliner cockpit. HSS is investigated through the SAMBA (Shock Absorber Material for Bird-shield Application) project because of its promises in term of specific energy dissipated (J/kg) during impact.First of all, quasi-static and dynamic (v = 5 mm/min to v = 2 m/s) uniaxial compression tests are conducted at room temperature on a single sphere (D = 30 mm). Rapid crack propagation (RCP) is observed to be predominant at macroscopic scale. The formalism of Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (L.E.F.M.) is therefore used to estimate the dynamic energy release rate GIdc . The crack tip location is measured during the crack propagation using a high speed camera. The Discrete Element Method (DEM) is used to simulate the dynamic fracture by implementing the node release technique. The dynamic energy release rate can be determined using an experimentally measured crack history. In spherical structures the numerical results reveal a high proportion of energy dissipated through inertial effects as well as a dependence of the thickness of the hollow sphere over the range of 0.04 mm to 1.2 mm.The DEM model Is then employed to reproduce the RCP according to two failure criterions: a stress criterion and a coupled stress-energy criterion. It reveals to be an interesting way to model the mechanical behavior of brittle materials.Eventually, experimental and numerical multi-spheres tests are performed to evaluate the behavior of brittle hollow spheres within an assembly
Enjolvy, Rémi. "Processus d'accrétion crustale et régimes thermiques dans le bouclier des Guyanes : signatures géochimiques et thermochronologiques au Transamazonien (2250-1950Ma)." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20237.
Full textSt-Onge, Isabelle. "Impact des coupes forestières et des feux de forêt sur les communautés de poissons des lacs du Bouclier Laurentien /." Thèse, Trois-Rivières, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2001. http://www.uqtr.ca/biblio/notice/resume/03-2229084R.html.
Full textEn-ête de titre : Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières. Mémoire présenté sous la forme d'un article scientifique. Résumé de l'article en anglais et en français. CaQTU CaQTU CaQTU Comprend des références bibliogr.
St-Onge, Isabelle. "Impact des coupes forestières et des feux de forêt sur les communautés de poissons des lacs du Bouclier Laurentien." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2001. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/2754/1/000681101.pdf.
Full textWilhelm, Arnaud. "Développement d’une méthodologie pour la compréhension du comportement et le dimensionnement d’un bouclier sandwich soumis à l’impact d’un oiseau." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ESAE0005/document.
Full textDuring an aircraft flight, the possible collision with a bird is a major threat, and the certification authorities require to take ît into account. In the case of a nose strike, the pressurized bulkhead is protected by a shield. Understanding the behaviour under impact of such a sandwich structure is essential. This work has two main goals: understanding the design parameters influence on the shield behaviour, and propose a methodology to conduct this study. Firstly, a generic finite element model is created to be used in a parametric study. A tool to measure the shield deformation is proposed to make it possible to easily compare the behaviour of different shields and to help understanding the behaviour of a shield. This tool is based on the projection ofthe shield deformation on a basis comprising three modes: Indentation, Bendîng and Crushing. A screening study is then conducted to rank the design parameters with respect to their influence. A parametric study is then conducted on the six first parameters. A Latin hyper-square is used for the design of experiment and seven different quantifies are studied. The Gaussian processes framework is used to create surrogates models. Global sensitivity analyses are then conducted to study the variation of the shield behaviour in the whole design space. The effects of each parameterare measured and explained. Finally, a method to minimize the shield mass, using the surrogate models to enforce minimal target protection criteria, is presented
Cornu, Mélodie-Neige. "Evolution magmatique d'un volcan bouclier océanique avant et après une déstabilisation massive de ses flancs : Fogo, Cap Vert et Tenerife, Canaries." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAC072/document.
Full textMassive flank collapses are destructive events that affect all volcanic edifices. They can take off huge volumes of rock, from tens to hundreds km3. Oceanic shield volcanoes are also affected by such events even if they have shallow slopes, thus, tsunamis could also be generated in this context. However, a shield volcano flank collapse has never been observed. Nowadays, only relics are visible, such as collapse scars, detritic deposit offshore or tsunami deposits on nearby islands. The relationships between collapse and magmatic history of oceanic shield volcanoes are poorly constrained. Two flank collapses are studied in this thesis, with the aim to better understand these relationships: the Monte Amarelo collapse, on Fogo Island (Cape Verde), and the Güímar collapse, located on North-East rift-zone of Tenerife (Canary Islands). Those archipelagos are the result of hot spot activity below the African plate. Geochemical (major and trace elements, and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes), petrological and geochronological (K-Ar and Ar-Ar) analyses were carried out on volcanic samples as to identify the source and magmatic processes at stake during magma genesis. The temporal evolution of source and magmatic processes is reconstructed in order to track possible links with the flank collapse. The magmatic system of Fogo Island evolves through time, favouring the formation of superficial storage zones, intrusive complex and explosive eruptions prior to the collapse, which participate to the instability of the edifice. Following the Monte Amarelo collapse, shallow storage zones are destabilized within a few thousand years. Lithospheric magmatic processes (assimilation, partial melting) are also affected but on a longer timescale (tens of thousands years). The Güímar collapse shows no links with the magmatic evolution of Tenerife Island. The main difference between the two collapses is the location of the collapse area with respect to the plumbing system. Güímar collapse is located at the periphery of the plumbing system and show no link with the magmatic history. Contrariwise, the Monte Amarelo collapse is located directly above the plumbing system and influence rapidly the superficial plumbing system, and the deep plumbing system in the long term
BEKHOUCHE, SLIMANE. "Mise au point d'une methodologie de conception et de dimensionnement de la fonction absorption de choc d'un bouclier de vehicule automobile." Paris, CNAM, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997CNAM0276.
Full textBourke, Philippe. "Variations individuelles dans la distribution spatiale et l'alimentation de l'omble de fontaine, salvelinus fontinalis, vivant dans les lacs du Bouclier Laurentien." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1996. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5096/1/000626120.pdf.
Full textPatoine, Alain. "Effets de la coupe forestière et des feux de forêt sur la structure des communautés zooplanctoniques des lacs du Bouclier boréal canadien." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ61391.pdf.
Full textArnaud, Nicolas. "Les processus de démantèlement des volcans, le cas d'un volcan bouclier en milieu océanique : le Piton des Neiges, Île de la Réunion." La Réunion, 2005. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/05_11_Arnaud.pdf.
Full textThe Piton des Neiges, inactive volcano since 12000 years, has been characterized by a dismantled volcanic massif and the presence in three great depressions called "circus", of an important complex of breccias. The recent reinterpretation of these deposits imply a revaluation of the evolution of this oceanic shield volcano. Field investigations allow to establish a general typology of the deposits based on morphological and sedimentary features. Several large flank collapses producing gigantic debris avalanches (volume >> 1 km3) and moderated events (volume < 1 km3) related to erosional processes, have been identified. Three large flank destabilizations were identified within Cilaos and Salazie “cirques”. The breccia deposits related to these destabilizations were then gradually eroded and covered by debris flow and alluvial deposits. Today, the breccia formations of Piton des Neiges volcano are partly evidences of great dismantling processes related to several massive destabilizations of the volcanic edifice
Folio, Jean-Luc. "Distribution de la perméabilité dans le massif du Piton de la Fournaise : apport à la connaissance du fonctionnement hydrogéologique d'un volcan-bouclier." La Réunion, 2001. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/01_22_Folio.pdf.
Full textPerret, Julien. "Répartition spatio-temporelle du système métallogénique de l’or panafricain au sein du bouclier arabo-nubien : étude multiscalaire le long de la suture de Keraf (Soudan)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0117.
Full textThe understanding of mechanisms leading to the transfer of gold transfer from the Earth’s mantle and core towards the crust requires the study of the geodynamical evolution of juvenile crust portions, i.e., crystallized from melt directly extracted from the mantle. The gold mineral system thus combines the deciphering of crustal fertilization geodynamical processes and subsequent transient tectono-metamorphic settings favorable for remobilization of this metal-enriched reservoir and formation of mineralized occurrences. This approach is applied to the Keraf and Atmur-Delgo sutures which are part of the Arabian-Nubian shield, the world-largest track of Neoproterozoic juvenile crust and one of the main Pan-African gold provinces, resulting from the assembly of Gondwana. We report the existence of two magmatic events with suprachondritic Hf and Nd signals, recording the build-up and maturation of island arcs along these suture zones between 840-810 Ma and 760-655 Ma. The ~185 Myr-long lifespan of the Keraf island arc and its predominant juvenile nature likely accounted for crustal gold fertilization at the regional scale. The earliest crustal growth stage, only recorded along the Keraf suture, is coeval to minor magmatic-hydrothermal gold event. Both the Keraf and Atmur-Delgo sutures keep record of the second island arc magmatic event. The matching between field and laboratory data exemplifies the district- to microscopic-scale spatial continuity of structural control on later gold-bearing structures. On one hand, a gold event occurred between 755-725 Ma, coeval with high-strain progressive deformation under lower amphibolite facies metamorphism related to tectonic accretion of the sedimentary wedge at the Atmur-Delgo intra-oceanic subduction site. At the microscopic scale, the ore formation involved the syn-metamorphic remobilization of the preexisting gold budget in sulfides. On another hand, several orogenic gold deposits display intrusion-hosted mineralized extension veins. The fault-valve mechanism induced the formation of mineralized veins, triggered by episodic and localized reactivation of crustal strike-slip shears within the Keraf suture zone until 550 Ma. These two gold events are the oldest and youngest vein-type gold episodes reported throughout the Arabian-Nubian shield to this day, respectively. The mineral system approach therefore enables district-scale ore targeting by translating magmatic processes and tectono-metamorphic settings into environments and geological features (e.g., relics of an island arc and/or an accretionary wedge, presence of late collisional strike-slip shears) favoring the formation of gold occurrences with very distinct structural, geochemical and timing characteristics in the western Arabian-Nubian shield. This alternative view of ore deposits contrasts sharply with the typological strategy which targets a single class of ore occurrence with an effectiveness limited to the deposit scale
Rougier, Sylvain. "Interactions lithosphère - asthénosphère et mouvements verticaux : le cas du massif du Hoggar." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00788392.
Full textOshurkova, Anastasia. "LA PERCEPTION DE LA MENACE DANS DES RELATIONS STRATÉGIQUES RUSSO-AMÉRICAINES: POURQUOI LE PARTENARIAT STRATÉGIQUE SUR LE BOUCLIER ANTIMISSILE EUROPÉEN NE SE RÉALISE PAS?" Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29178/29178.pdf.
Full textMathieu, Olivier. "Impact potentiel de la prédation des cormorans à aigrettes (Phalacrocorax auritus) d'une colonie en expansion sur les communautés aquatiques de lacs oligotrophes du bouclier canadien /." Trois-Rivières : Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2005. http://www.uqtr.ca/biblio/notice/resume/24068930R.pdf.
Full textSaffroy, Frédéric. "Défendre la Méditerranée (1912-1931) ou Le Bouclier de Neptune : la renaissance de la fortification côtière à l'expérience de la Grande Guerre : le cas méditerranéen." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011IEPP0040.
Full textIn 1912, after over a century of disputes and while, following the Entente cordiale, the Royale concentrates its fleet in the Mediterranean, the French Admiralty and the Ministry of War did not manage to coordinate themselves to ensure coastal defences. The Great War, with the need of heavy artillery - taken over by the Army from coastal fortifications - and the danger of submarine war, lead the Parliament to force the two Ministries to agree with each other: in 1917, the French Navy is put in charge of France and French North-Africa coastal defences. After the Washington treaty (1922), and confronted to a threatening Italy in Libya and in French Tunisia, and with the security of Western Mediterranean as a priority, the French Navy designed a new program of coastal artillery. This program, based on conclusions drawn from the Gallipoli campaign, was one of the four parts of the 1923 Statut naval, presented to the Parliament by the ministre de la Marine Flaminius Raiberti. Supported by active Members of Parliament like Georges Boussenot, Louis Chappedelaine, Emile Goude or Gustave de Kerguézec, the Navy program gained support from the Parliament who provided the requested budgets, and encouraged the rational reorganisation of Navy bases defences. On the eve of the 30’s, the Mediterranean coastal defences program was secured and its implementation well commenced. Confronted to a rival if not hostile Italy, priority is given to the defences of Toulon and Bizerte naval bases, equipped with the most powerful artillery. The irony of fate was that it is against those coastal batteries that the Allied forces, including the French, had to fight during the 1942 and 1944 landings
Mathieu, Olivier. "Impact potentiel de la prédation des cormorans à aigrettes (Phalacrocorax auritus) d'une colonie en expansion sur les communautés aquatiques de lacs oligotrophes du bouclier canadien." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2005. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1514/1/000122644.pdf.
Full textVoicu, Gabriel. "Géologie, géochimie et métallogénie du gisement d'or Omai, Bouclier Guyanais, Amérique du Sud = Geology, geochemistry and metallogeny of the Omai Gold Deposit, Guiana Shield, South America." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0016/NQ43281.pdf.
Full textEck, Julien. "Effet conjugué des hautes températures, du bombardement ionique et du rayonnement vuv sur des matériaux carbones destinés au bouclier thermique de la sonde solaire solar probe+." Perpignan, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PERP1283.
Full textSending a probe close to the sun is the only way to solve 2 fundamental questions of heliophysics: why the temperature of the solar corona is so high and how are accelerated the solar wind. The approach of the probe at a distance of about 10 solar radii implies extreme environmental conditions such as high temperatures (~ 1600 k), important ion bombardment (h+ and he2+) and intense vuv radiation. To protect the payload of the probe, a thermal protection system is considered. The objective of this thesis is to study the synergistic effect of these various constraints on the physico-chemical behavior of carbon based materials suitable for the heat shield of the solar probe+ spacecraft. Initially a literature review was conducted to define the different interactions occurring between materials and the solar environment. Then, a numerical study is carried out using simulation software such as trim, tridyn or gemini, to evaluate the various mechanisms of material erosion under ion bombardment. Finally, the experimental study at the promes-cnrs laboratory solar furnace at odeillo has investigated the synergistic effect of high temperatures and vuv radiation on the physico-chemical and thermo-optical behavior of various carbon based materials
Voicu, Gabriel. "Géologie, géochimie et métallogénie du gisement d'or Omai, Bouclier Guyanais, Amérique du Sud = Geology, geochemistry and metallogeny of the Omai Gold Deposit, Guiana Shield, South America /." Thèse, Montréal : Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Montréal ;. Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1999. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textLobaev, Vladimir. "Caractéristiques minéralogiques et géochimiques du bassin sédimentaire mésoprotérozoique de Pasha - Ladoga et de son socle (Bouclier Balte, Russie). Implications pour la génèse des gisements d'uranium de type discordance." Nancy 1, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2005_0005_LOBAEV.pdf.
Full textThe mineralogy and the geochemistry of the Mesoproterozoic (Riphean) Pasha-Ladoga volcanic - sedimentary intracontinental clastic basin (Russian Karelia), associated uranium mineralization and underlying basement lithologies have been characterized and compared with those of highly mineralized districts having similar age and lithologic associations. The clastic sediments appear much more immature than highly mineralized basins of the Athabasca (Canada) and Kombolgie (Northern Australia). However, large-scale fluid circulation has been evidenced in the Archean to Paleoproterozoic metamorphic rocks and Mesoproterozoic rapakivi granites of the basement and in the overlying clastic sediments of the Pasha - Ladoga area, where the Karku unconformity related uranium deposit has been discovered. These fluid circulations are related to zircon alteration and to a lesser degree to monazite at the regional scale and essentially with a Fe-chlorite and carbonate alteration assemblage produced in the mineralized districts
Isnard, Hélène. "Application des traceurs isotopiques Pb-Pb, Sm-Nd et Lu-Hf à la compréhension de l'histoire archéenne du bouclier canadien et à la formation de la croûte continentale /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Montréal : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi ;. Université du Québec à Montréal, 2003. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textBibliogr.: f. 203-204. Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU
Lobaev, Vladimir Cuney Michel. "Caractéristiques minéralogiques et géochimiques du bassin sédimentaire mésoprotérozoique de Pasha - Ladoga et de son socle (Bouclier Balte, Russie). Implications pour la génèse des gisements d'uranium de type discordance." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCD_T_2005_0005_LOBAEV.pdf.
Full textPitre, Isabelle. "Biomanipulation du meunier noir (Catostomus commersoni) dans trois lacs du bouclier canadien : effets de la compétition intra- et interspécifique sur les traits du cycle vital des populations de poissons /." Thèse, Trois-Rivières : Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2007. http://www.uqtr.ca/biblio/notice/resume/30024166R.pdf.
Full textPitre, Isabelle. "Biomanipulation du meunier noir (Catostomus commersoni) dans trois lacs du bouclier canadien : effets de la compétition intra- et interspécifique sur les traits du cycle vital des populations de poissons." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2007. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1221/1/030024166.pdf.
Full textBergeron, Marc. "Impacts de l'introduction du mulet à cornes, Semotilus atromaculatus, et de la morphométrie des lacs sur la faune parasitaire de l'omble de fontaine, Salvelinus fontinalis, dans les lacs du Bouclier Laurentien." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1996. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/4740/1/000629063.pdf.
Full textMoustafa, Hesham. "Influence des nanoparticules lamellaires sur la resistance au feu d'un EPDM renforcé et de ses assemblages bicouches." Mulhouse, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MULH4093.
Full textThe purpose of this study is to elucidate the effect of the interfacial strength in bilayer assemblies on the fire behavior of flame resistant, FR, materials. Thus, a montmorillonite (MMT) clay was selected as FR agent, synthesised and modified by long chain alkyl surfactant at three different levels 1, 2 and 4 CEC. With increasing modification level, clay-polymer (EPDM-g-MA) blends changes from microcomposite to nanocomposite structure in which the clay is exfoliated. Crosslinking reaction was performed using peroxide except for the composite containing unmodified clay which has been crosslinked under electron beam. The progress of the crosslinking process has been monitored by low field DQ 1H-NMR. The results were associated with swelling results and the dynamic mechanical behavior. The assembling protocol of two polymer layers has been chosen to allow the control of their gradually increasing interfacial strength, starting from the contribution of pure van der Waals interfacial interactions in fully pre-crosslinked layers up to the full contribution of interdiffusion/co-crosslinking mechanisms in assemblies without any pre-crosslink. The FR behavior was measured by a cone calorimeter. The efficiency of exfoliated clay has been demonstrated. The performances of bilayers were surprisingly found unaffected by the interfacial strength. FR performance increased with the content of exfoliated clay up to 5 phr (necessary amount to form an efficient thermal shield). Thereafter the enhancement decreases. It has been shown that the FR behavior of the composites is primarily governed by the number of exfoliated platelets in the polymer layer not by the layer thickness as such
Garcia, Édenise. "Contamination en mercure et en méthyl mercure des organismes aquatiques de 38 lacs du bouclier canadien dont le bassin versant a été perturbé par la coupe à blanc ou le feu de forêt." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ65706.pdf.
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