Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Botulinum toxin'
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Sharma, Davinder Kumar. "Toxin production by Clostridium botulinum." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301991.
Full textRystedt, Alma. "Botulinum Toxin : Formulation, Concentration and Treatment." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Neurologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-181667.
Full textCostantin, Laura. "Anti-epileptic effect of Botulinum Toxin E." Doctoral thesis, Scuola Normale Superiore, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11384/85973.
Full textDavis, Tom Owen. "Regulation of botulinum toxin complex formation in Clostridium botulinum : type A NCTC 2916." Thesis, Open University, 1998. http://oro.open.ac.uk/57744/.
Full textLee, John. "Botulinum toxin in the management of ocular motility disorders." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.432577.
Full textCosgrove, Aidan Patrick. "Botulinum toxin A in the management of cerebral palsy." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317529.
Full textWilhelm, Christina Marie. "ORAL LD50 OF BOTULINUM TOXIN SEROTYPE A IN GUINEA PIGS." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1196964577.
Full textVeronezi, Luciane Orbem. "Aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos, patológicos e laboratoriais do botulismo em bovinos no estado de Santa Catarina." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2009. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/909.
Full textThe study was carried out through the epidemiological, clinical, pathological and laboratory findings of botulism in cattle in the state of Santa Catarina, during the period from 1987 to 2008. The data were obtained through information from the files of the Department of Animal Pathology CAV/UDESC and in the properties which the disease continued to occur. In properties with the botulism associated phosphorus deficiency cattle, the animals were kept on native pastures, in most cases, located in the Planalto Serrano. The disease occurred mainly in the summer months, when cows with calf without mineral supplementation and that were not vaccinated against botulism. In the farms visited, there were several bones of corpses scattered in the pastures. Eight outbreaks of botulism were studied from 2006 to 2008, including seven cases related to phosphorus deficiency and osteophagia, and one case associated with oat pasture fertilized with incomplete decomposed carcasses of pigs and poultry. In all outbreaks clinical signs consisted of paresis, progressive paralysis and recumbency followed by death. At necropsy there were no lesions, but bone fragments were found mixed with the contents of the reticulum of two cattle. On histological examination, significant lesions were not observed. In the microbiological analisys performed in the samples collected from seven outbreaks C. botulinum was isolated. In the botulism associated phosphorus deficiency, botulinum toxin type C was detected from the intestinal contents of cattle and type D on samples collected from bone and soil. In the botulism associated with contamineted feed, was detected spores of C.botulinum type D isolated from samples of compost, soil and bones of carcasses scattered in the pasture. The diagnosis of botulism was established through the analysis of epidemiological, clinical and pathological findings associated with the detection of toxin present in outbreaks studied
O trabalho foi realizado através de estudo dos aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos, patológicos e laboratoriais do botulismo em bovinos no Estado de Santa Catarina, durante os anos de 1987 a 2008. Os dados foram adquiridos através de informações obtidas dos arquivos do Setor de Patologia Animal CAV/UDESC e nas propriedades em que a enfermidade continuou a ocorrer. Nas propriedades com botulismo associado à deficiência de fósforo, os bovinos eram mantidos em campos nativos, na maioria dos casos, localizados na região do Planalto Serrano. A doença manifestou-se principalmente nos meses de verão, em vacas com terneiro ao pé, sem suplementação mineral e que não eram vacinados contra botulismo. Nas propriedades visitadas foram observados inúmeros ossos de cadáveres espalhados nas pastagens. Oito surtos de botulismo foram acompanhados no período de 2006 a 2008, sendo sete deles relacionados à carência de fósforo e osteofagia e um associado à pastagem de aveia adubada com compostagem incompleta de carcaças de suínos e aves. Em todos os surtos os sinais clínicos consistiam em paresia, paralisia progressiva, decúbito seguido de morte. Á necropsia não foram evidenciadas lesões, porém fragmentos de ossos foram encontrados misturados ao conteúdo do retículo de dois bovinos. No exame histológico não foi observado lesões significativas. Na análise microbiológica das amostras coletadas de sete surtos foi isolado C. botulinum. No botulismo associado a deficiência de fósforo foi detectada toxina botulínica tipo C em conteúdo intestinal de um bovino e tipo D a partir de ossos e amostras de solo coletado. No botulismo associado a alimentos contaminados, foi detectados esporos do Clostridium botulinum tipo D nas amostras da compostagem, de solo e ossos das carcaças espalhadas na pastagem. O diagnóstico de botulismo foi estabelecido através da análise dos aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e patológicos associado à detecção da toxina botulínica presente nos surtos acompanhados
Adam-Castrillo, David. "Local Administration of Botulinum Toxin Type-B in the External Anal Sphincter of Horses Produces Transient Reduction of Peak Anal Pressure." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33927.
Full textMaster of Science
Cadieux, Brigitte. "Development of a novel, rapid, in vitro assay for the detection of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin type E." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32836.
Full textThe specificity of the antisera was increased by adsorbing cross-reactive antibodies from whole antisera with affinity columns made with total proteins from culture supernatants of closely related clostridia. Alternatively, specific antibodies were isolated with an affinity column prepared with C. botulinum type E toxoid.
Different methods of concentrating BoNT/E in each sample prior to testing them were evaluated to increase the sensitivity of the assay.
The slot blot immunoassay was then evaluated for detection of BoNT/E in mixed cultures and in food samples. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
Gollmitzer, Iris. "Das Frey-Syndrom eine prospektive randomisierte Therapiestudie mit Botulinum-Toxin A /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=970685076.
Full textKangas, Pia. "Botulinum toxin för behandling av migrän : Kunskapsläget idag - Effekt och biverkningar." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Farmakologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-136682.
Full textYap, Rita. "Determinants of responsiveness to botulinum A toxin in children with cerebral palsy." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98524.
Full textThe primary objective of the study was to examine whether specific intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics of the child were associated with responsiveness to BTX. The results indicate that age, number of treatments, parenting stress and child's motivation were associated with the degree of change in gait pattern, level of ambulation, gross motor function and functional independence. The findings suggest that the contribution of contextual factors (personal and environmental) on responsiveness to BTX is underappreciated in children with mild CP. Identification of potential factors contributing to responsiveness to BTX will assist clinicians in identifying children who would benefit most from this procedure.
Sharkey, Freddie. "Toxin gene expression in Clostridium botulinum type E under different growth conditions." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274025.
Full textMcGrath, Susan. "The development of an RNA assay for Clostridium botulinum toxin gene expression." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326309.
Full textPimentel, Leonardo Halley Carvalho. "Different doses of botulinum toxin in spastic equinus foot of poststroke patients." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=11077.
Full textBackground: Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A), one of the most potent biological toxins, acts by blocking neuromuscular transmission via inhibiting acetylcholine release and is a well-known treatment for poststroke spasticity, despite some variations among dose protocols. Spasticity is one of the factors that affect the functional rehabilitation process in stroke. Spasticity arises from the loss of myotatic reflex inhibition, resulting from upper motor neuron lesion. Equinus foot is common in lower limb spasticity after stroke worsening gait pattern and functional independence. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of BTX-A different doses on spastic foot in stroke patients in rehabilitation programme and on gait velocity and functional independence of these patients. Methods: This study was a randomized, prospective and double blind trial. Patients were recruited if they had diagnosis of stroke (ischemic or hemorrhagic) with a poststroke period of at least six months and hemiparesis with spastic equinus foot (Ashworth score 3 or 4 in a range from 0 to 5). Twenty-one hemiparetic stroke patients enrolled in a rehabilitation programme were divided into two groups. The first group (n=11) received BTX-A 300UI in spastic foot and the second group (n=10) received BTX-A 100UI. All patients were assessed at baseline and 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after injection for passive range of motion for ankle joint, Modified Ashworth Score, time walking 10 meters, clonus score and motor score of Functional Independence Measure (mFIM). Results: Higher dose group had significant improvement in range of motion on week 12 (p=0,021) and in Ashworth score on weeks 8 (p=0,012) and 12 (p < 0,0001) compared with lower dose group. There was slight improvement in clonus score in higher dose group on week 12 without statistical significance. Both groups had improvement in time walking 10 meters and mFIM without significant difference between them in the analyzed sample. There was no significant adverse effect. Conclusions: BTX-A is an important tool in poststroke rehabilitation for spasticity parameters improvement, but there was no significant difference between high and low doses of BTX-A for gait velocity neither for functional independence in the analyzed sample. Future studies with larger number of patients and evaluation of response to BTX-A reapplications are necessary to confirm these findings.
IntroduÃÃo: A toxina botulÃnica tipo A (TbA), uma das mais potentes toxinas biolÃgicas, age atravÃs do bloqueio da transmissÃo neuromuscular via inibiÃÃo da liberaÃÃo de acetilcolina e à um tratamento bem-estabelecido para espasticidade pÃs-AVE, apesar de variaÃÃes entre os protocolos de doses em diferentes centros. Espasticidade à um dos fatores que interferem no processo de reabilitaÃÃo funcional apÃs acidente vascular encefÃlico (AVE). Ela surge por causa da perda da inibiÃÃo do reflexo miotÃtico, resultante de lesÃo do neurÃnio motor superior. O pà equino à comum na espasticidade de membro inferior depois do AVE e sua instalaÃÃo piora o padrÃo de marcha e a independÃncia funcional. O objetivo desse estudo à avaliar os efeitos da TbA em diferentes doses sobre o pà espÃstico de pacientes com sequela de AVE inseridos em programa de reabilitaÃÃo e sobre a velocidade de marcha e independÃncia funcional desses pacientes. Metodologia: Este estudo foi realizado atravÃs de ensaio randomizado, prospectivo e duplo cego. Foram recrutados pacientes com diagnÃstico de AVE (isquÃmico ou hemorrÃgico) com perÃodo pÃs-AVE de pelo menos seis meses e hemiparesia com pà equino espÃstico (escore Ashworth 3 ou 4 em uma escala de 0 a 5). Vinte e um pacientes hemiparÃticos pÃs-AVE inseridos em programa de reabilitaÃÃo foram divididos em dois grupos. O primeiro grupo (n=11) recebeu aplicaÃÃo de 300UI de TbA no pà espÃstico e o segundo grupo (n=10) recebeu 100UI de TbA. Todos os pacientes foram avaliados no tempo zero e 2, 4, 8 e 12 semanas apÃs a injeÃÃo quanto aos seguintes parÃmetros: amplitude de movimento passivo da articulaÃÃo do tornozelo, escala de Ashworth modificada, tempo para andar 10 metros, escore clÃnus de aquileu e escore motor da Medida de IndependÃncia Funcional (MIFm). Resultados: O grupo 300UI TbA teve melhora significativa da amplitude de movimento na 12 semana (p=0,021) e da escala de Ashworth nas 8 (p=0,012) e 12 (p < 0,0001) semanas em comparaÃÃo ao grupo 100UI TbA. Houve tendÃncia à melhora do escore clÃnus na 12 semana no grupo 300UI TbA. Ambos os grupos apresentaram melhora durante o estudo no tempo para andar 10 metros e da MIFm sem diferenÃa significativa entre eles. NÃo foram observados efeitos adversos significativos no decorrer do estudo. ConclusÃes: TbA à uma importante ferramenta na reabilitaÃÃo pÃs-AVE para melhora dos parÃmetros de espasticidade, mas nÃo houve diferenÃa significativa entre dose alta e baixa de TbA para parÃmetros funcionais (velocidade de marcha e independÃncia funcional), na amostra analisada. Estudos futuros com um nÃmero maior de pacientes e avaliaÃÃo de resposta a reaplicaÃÃes de TbA sÃo necessÃrios para confirmaÃÃo desses achados.
Maple, Laura. "Botulinum Toxin for NON-Surgical Lateral Release in Subjects with Patellofemoral Pain." VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1923.
Full textRheinhart, Courtney Elizabeth. "Clostridium botulinum toxin development in refrigerated reduced oxygen packaged Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus)." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32440.
Full textMaster of Science in Life Sciences
Croes, Scott A. "Development and maturation of the chick extraocular muscles and their response to treatment with Botulinum neurotoxin." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2007. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3258841.
Full textDâAlmeida, Josà Artur Costa. "Estudo da AÃÃo da Toxina BotulÃnica do tipo âAâ na profilaxia da MigrÃnea Sem Aura." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2004. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=283.
Full textEstuda atravÃs de ensaio duplo cego, controlado, randomizado o efeito da Toxina BotulÃnica do tipo A na profilaxia de crises de migrÃnea sem aura. A migrÃnea à um tipo comum de cefalÃia primÃria, benigna, episÃdica, e recorrente que se caracteriza por dor geralmente hemicrÃnica e pulsÃtil, e que à agravada pela atividade fÃsica. Existem outros sintomas associados como nÃuseas, fotofobia, fonofobia, ou irritabilidade. Na migrÃnea com aura podem tambÃm ocorrer alteraÃÃes neurolÃgicas motoras, sensitivas, ou visuais denominadas de aura. A migrÃnea, cuja fisiopatologia ainda nÃo à perfeitamente compreendida, seria o resultado de um processo patolÃgico complexo que envolveria o tronco cerebral e levaria à inflamaÃÃo local de vasos sangÃÃneos cranianos atravÃs da liberaÃÃo de neuropeptÃdeos vasoativos como SubstÃncia P (SP), Neurocinina A (NA), e PeptÃdio Relacionado ao Gene da Calcitonina (PRGC). Apesar das vÃrias opÃÃes terapÃuticas (analgÃsicos simples, antiinflamatÃrios hormonais e nÃo hormonais, triptanos, antipsicÃticos, derivados ergotamÃnicos, e opiÃides) para tratamento da crise ou para tratamento preventivo, somente cerca de um terÃo dos pacientes fica satisfeito com o tratamento. Foi observado que pacientes utilizando toxina botulÃnica para tratamento estÃtico de rugas da face ou distonias apresentavam uma reduÃÃo na quantidade de crises de migrÃnea. A toxina botulÃnica à uma potente neurotoxina produzida pela bactÃria Clostridium botulinum. A aÃÃo da toxina à impedir a liberaÃÃo de acetilcolina nos terminais nervosos. Ela tambÃm age inibindo a liberaÃÃo de neuropeptÃdeos vasoativos. O uso da toxina botulÃnica nos faria agir exatamente no cerne do processo fisiopatolÃgico da doenÃa. Com o objetivo de testar esse possÃvel efeito analgÃsico nos pacientes portadores de migrÃnea sem aura, realizou-se um estudo duplo-cego, controlado, e randomizado. Mediu-se o nÃvel de dor atravÃs de escalas para quantificar a intensidade e o nÃmero de dias com dor na semana antes e apÃs a injeÃÃo de Toxina BotulÃnica em mÃsculos da face. O grupo controle recebeu SF como placebo. Os pacientes foram seguidos durante trÃs meses. Ao final concluiu-se que nÃo houve diferenÃa estatÃstica na intensidade nem na freqÃÃncia da dor de cabeÃa nos pacientes que usaram a toxina botulÃnica em relaÃÃo aos que usaram placebo (SF)
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the use of botulinum toxin type A in the prophylactic treatment of Migraine is presented. Migraine is a common type of primary, benign, episodic headache. It is characterized by pain usually unilateral and throbbing. Other associated symptoms are nausea, sensitivity to light and sound, or irritability. The pain is usually worsened by physical activity. There are also motor, sensitive, or visual neurological alterations, denominated aura. The physiopathology of migraine is not still perfectly understood but it could involve liberation of vasoactive neuropeptides as Substance P, Neurokinine A, and Calcitonin gene-related peptide, promoting an inflammation. Migraine, then, would be the result of a complex process that would involve the brainstem and induce local inflammation of cranial blood vessels. In spite of the therapeutic options (analgesics, steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, triptans, neuroleptics, ergot derivatives, and opioids) only about one third of patients is satisfied with the treatment. The preventive treatment is appropriate for those that have frequent crises. It was observed that the patients using botulinum toxin for aesthetic treatment of wrinkles of the face, or dystonia presented a reduction in the amount of migraine crises. The botulinum toxin is a potent neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. The action of the toxin is to inhibit the acetylcholin liberation from the nerve terminal. It acts also inhibiting the liberation of vasoactive neuropeptides. Therefore, Botulinum Toxin would act exactly in the core of the physiopathologic process of the disease. With the objective of testing possible analgesic effects of botulinum toxin in migraine without aura bearers, we performed a double-blind, controlled, and randomized study. The pain level was measured by scales and by the amount, and number of days of pain in a week, before and after botulinum toxinâs injection in muscles of the face. The placebo group received saline injection. The patients were followed for three months. At the end it was concluded that there was not statistic difference in intensity nor in frequency of the headache of the patients that used botulinum toxin in relation to the people that used placebo (saline)
Gómez, Ramírez Ana María. "Estudio de la supervivencia de las motoneuronas del núcleo del VI par craneal de la rata tras la administración de toxina botulínica y doxorrubicina en el músculo recto lateral." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/95936.
Full textPurpose: To investigate "in vivo" the survival of abducens motoneurons (AMNs) after a single intramuscular injection of the botulinum toxin A (BTxA) or doxorubicin (DXR). Methods: In rats, the AMNs were labeled with fluorogold (FG), which was applied intramuscularly in the lateral rectus muscle. The number of labeled neurons were determined in control animals; in animals that had received intramuscular injections of BTxA; and in rats that had received DXR. Result: The numbers of FG-labeled neurons in the animals that had been injected with BTxA were similar to those found in control animals. However, there were fewer FG-labeled neurons in the animals injected with DXR. Conclusion: The intramuscular injection of BTxA does not induce significant motoneuron death. Doxorubicin injected intramuscularly causes variable amounts of motoneuron death that is related to the amount of DXR injected.
Torrisi, Barbara Maria. "Liquid loaded microneedles for the intradermal delivery of botulinum toxin for Primary Focal Hyperhidrosis." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2012. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/39693/.
Full textMaisey, Elizabeth Anne. "Botulinum toxin types A and B : isolation and biological characterisation of their polypeptide chains." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46426.
Full textIsmaiel, Adnan A. "The inhibition of Clostridium botulinum growth and toxin production by essential oils of spices." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77803.
Full textPh. D.
Vermillion, Rebecca Marie. "Synthesis of Multivalent Glycoconjugates for the Detection of Pathogens." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1153855510.
Full textBaricich, Alessio. "Clinical and instrumental evaluation of Botulinum Toxin type A safety profile in post stroke spasticity rehabilitation treatment." Doctoral thesis, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11579/97207.
Full textBarbosa, Pedro Melo. "Avaliação da eficácia e efeitos colaterais de duas apresentações de toxina botulínica tipo A no tratamento da distonia cervical idiopática." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17140/tde-26112014-162015/.
Full textIntroduction: Cervical dystonia (CD) is the most frequent type of primary focal dystonia and treatment with botulinum toxin is currently the gold standard. Considering that each botulinum toxin brand is pharmacologically distinct, in this paper we compared two botulinum toxins available in Brazil: Abobotulinumtoxin A (Dysport®) and Lanzhou botulinum toxin type A (Prosigne®). Methodology: We conducted a prospective, randomized, double blind trial with one group being treated with Dysport® and the other Prosigne®. We recruited 34 patientes from Ribeirao Preto Medical Schools (HCFMRP) botulinum toxin clinic (ATXB) from may 2010 to june 2011, only patients with idiopathic CD were included in the trial. Each individual was followed during a 13 month period, during which 5 TBA injection sessions were conducted with 3 month intervals between them. To assess objective improvement we used the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS), full scale and severity, disability and pain subscales, before and after the first and fifth treatment sessions. After each treatment session we assessed improvement with the Clinician Interview Based Impression of Change (CIBIC) scale and asked about side effects and duration of improvement. For statistical analysis we used the following tests: t test for paired samples, Mann-Whitneys non parametrical test, Friedmans non parametrical test and qui square test. Results: Fourteen patients were randomized to receive Dysport® and twenty to receive Prosigne®. Mean age in Dysport® group was 57.21 years and in Prosigne® group was 51.95 (p = 0.23). After first injection, mean TWSTRS values reduced 12.78 points in Dysport® group and 9.98 in Prosigne® group (p = 0.38). After last injection the reduction in TWSTRS values was 11.87 points for Dysport® and 11.35 points for Prosigne® (p = 0.86). CIBIC scores showed that the majority of patients reported some level of improvement after injections without statistical differences between groups. Dysphagia was the commonest adverse effect, occurring after 27.27 % of all injections, followed by local pain and muscle weakness. Once again there were no statistical difference between groups regarding adverse effects. Conclusion: Our data showed similar efficacy and safety profiles when comparing both toxins, Dysport® and Prosigne®.
Pinto, Diana Couto. "A toxina botulínica: passado, presente e futuro." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/4868.
Full textA toxina botulinica, é um dos venenos mais potentes conhecidos e é o agente responsável pelo botulismo, doença rara mas que pode ser fatal. É produzida pelo Clostridium botulinum e atua primeiramente no bloqueio da libertação da acetilcolina, bloqueando deste modo a transmissão sináptica excitatória nas junções neuromusculares. Os sintomas começam com náuseas, vómitos, diarreias, visão dupla, fraqueza muscular, incapacidade de deglutir, dificuldade na fala, podendo levar à morte por falência respiratória. O botulismo pode ser de quatro tipos: a intoxicação alimentar, botulismo de feridas, botulismo infantil e o botulismo causado por colonização intestinal. A toxina foi usada pela primeira vez com sucesso na prática clínica em 1978 pelo oftamologista Dr. Alan Scott em pacientes com estrabismo. A partir daí numerosos estudos e indicações terapêuticas se seguiram. Hoje em dia existem várias preparações comerciais, sendo o Botox®, a mais conhecida. A toxina é usada atualmente em áreas como a cosmética, dermatologia, ortopedia, otorrinolaringologia, dor, pediatria, reabilitação e urologia. Com todo o interesse que há em torno da toxina botulinica, os estudos sobre novas aplicações e usos para a toxina continuam, abrangendo cada vez mais diferentes áreas, muito devido às propriedades químicas únicas da toxina, que com certeza nas próximas décadas continuará a surpreender com novas aplicações na área de saúde. The botulinum toxin is one of the most potent poisons known and is the agent responsible for botulism, a rare but fatal disease. It is produced by Clostridium botulinum and acts primarily in blocking the release of acetylcholine, thereby blocking the excitatory synaptic transmission at the neuromuscular junctions. The symptoms begin with nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, double vision, muscle weakness, inability to swallow, speech difficulty, and may lead to death by respiratory failure. There are four types of botulism: food poisoning, wound botulism, infant botulism and the botulism caused by intestinal colonization. The toxin was first successfully used in clinical practice in 1978 by ophthalmologist Dr. Alan Scott in patients with strabismus. Thereafter numerous studies and indications followed. Nowadays there are several commercial preparations being Botox®, the most known. The toxin is currently used in areas such as cosmetic, dermatology, orthopedics, otolaryngology, pain, pediatrics, rehabilitation and urology. With all the interest around the botulinum toxin, studies on new applications and uses for the toxin continue to increase in different areas, largely due to the unique chemical properties of the toxin, which for sure will continue to surprise us in the coming decades with new applications in healthcare.
Corry, Ian S. "Use of motion analysis laboratory in assessing the effects of botulinum toxin in cerebral palsy." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295345.
Full textPolak, Frances. "Comparison of two doses of botulinum toxin in the treatment of children with cerebral palsy." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289068.
Full textYusof, Farida Zuraina Md. "The distribution of toxin genes among isolates of Clostridium botulinum Group II from different environments." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274549.
Full textWhitney, Patrick F. "Patient Reported Efficacy of Botulinum Toxin Type A in the Treatment of Chronic Migraine Headaches." Scholar Commons, 2010. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1806.
Full textCORAZZA, ANGELO. "Shear wave elastography to assess the effect of botulinum toxin in muscle hypertonia following stroke." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1008765.
Full textWill, Matthias. "Entwicklung und Reliabilitätskontrolle eines videogestützten Beurteilungsbogens bei Kindern mit spastischen Spitzfüssen unter der Therapie mit Botulinum-Toxin A." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=967305756.
Full textSelvenytė, Edita. "Botulino toksino ir kineziterapijos poveikis 4-7 metų vaikams, sergantiems cerebriniu paralyžiumi." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2007. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20070816_145659-93974.
Full textKeywords: spastic diplegia, spasticity, botulinum toxin, physiotherapy. Object: the effectiveness of intensive (5 times/week) and regular (2 times/week) physiotherapy for children with cerebral palsy after the use of botulinum toxin. Problem: Cerebral palsy is a frequent cause of children‘s motor disorder. It affects person‘s relationship with environment and limits his participation. Spasticity predominate for 70-80% of children with cerebral palsy. Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) is a relatively new and widely used method of spasticity management in children with cerebral palsy. Despite, that in Lithuania BTX-A has been used for 6 years for spasticity management, there is no evidence how intensivity of physiotherapy influence motor functions for children with cerebral palsy after botulinum toxin A injections. Purpose: to assess the effectiveness of intensive (5 times/week) and regular (2 times/week) physiotherapy for children with cerebral palsy after botulinum toxin A injections. Tasks: to evaluate the effectiveness of intensive and regular physiotherapy for passive ankle range of motions, for selective ankle movements, for balance and gross motor functions for children with cerebral palsy after botulinum toxin A injections. Investigative questions: the purpose of this study to compare the effifacy of botulinum toxin and intensive and regular physiotherapy by assessing changes in passive range of motions, selective movement scale, pediatric balance scale and gross motor... [to full text]
Poirier, Gudrun. "Standardisierte und validierte Messinstrumente zur Evaluation der Therapie mit Botulinum-Toxin A bei Kindern mit Zerebralparese." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=970413807.
Full textHaug, Gerd. "Clostridium-botulinum-C2-Toxin Interaktion der Toxinkomponenten und Translokation der Enzymkomponente in das Zytosol von Zielzellen /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=974136484.
Full textHasse, Anette. "Stellenwert der Gross Motor Function Measure(Russell et al.1989) in der Botulinum-Toxin-A Therapieevaluation." Diss., lmu, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-111387.
Full textGalen, Sujay Saphire. "A combination of Botulinum toxin A therapy and functional electrical stimulation in children with cerebral palsy." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.435110.
Full textCarpusca, Irina. "The ADP-ribosylating mosquitocidal toxin (MTX) from bacillus Sphaericus : Role of its ricin-like domain in autoinhibition and translocation." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR13003.
Full textAlves, Leda Maria Tavares. "Estudo da deglutição em pacientes com distonia laríngea antes e após o tratamento com toxina botulínica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17151/tde-10122013-140755/.
Full textDystonia is a syndrome consisting of involuntary muscle contractions that result in distorted and repetitive movements and/or abnormal postures. Treatment may be by pharmacotherapy with anticholinergic drugs or with the injection of botulinum toxin in the affected muscle group. The aim of this study was to evaluate swallowing in patients with dystonia before and after treatment with botulinum toxin. Our hypothesis was that botulinum toxin modify the swallowing of patients with spastic dystonia. Seventeen adult subjects over the age of 18 years with clinically diagnosed dystonia were evaluated before and after treatment with botulinum toxin type A and compared to 20 healthy adults as controls. Participants underwent phonologic anamnesis and videofluoroscopy assessment of swallowing. Patients with dystonia were assessed before and 30 days after injection of botulinum toxin, guided by electromyography. In fluoroscopy, 6 swallows were evaluated of 5ml: 3 in a liquid consistency (100% barium sulfate) and 3 in a pasty consistency (3g of food thickener, ThickenUp Clear) in 50 mL of 100% barium sulfate, offered on a spoon. The oral and pharyngeal phases of swallowing were studied from swallows of random order, with registration of 30 frames per second. Patients with dystonia showed an increase of residue in the oral region and vallecula and greater number of multiple swallows. Patients had less pharyngeal transit time (PTT) than controls (p<0.01) for boluses of liquid and pasty consistencies. PTT was lower after the application of botulinum toxin than before with the swallowing of a pasty bolus. It was concluded that patients with dystonia, compared to controls, have more rapid transit through the pharynx, increased residues in the oral region and vallecula and a greater number of swallows for the same volume. Thirty days after the botulinum toxin, it was observed a shorter pharyngeal transit time with paste bolus, and delayed hyoid movement response to bolus presence in pharynx.
Seifart, Anja. "The impact of functional electrical stimulation to the lower leg after a single botulinum toxin injection in children with a spastic equinus gait due to cerebral palsy." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2860.
Full textCerebral palsy (CP) is a common neurological condition seen in children which results in childhood disability. Damage to the developing brain results in abnormal muscle tone and decreased force generation, which leads to loss of independent function. Previous studies investigating interventions targeting the typical equinus gait pattern seen in spastic CP have reported inconclusive and widespread outcomes. Objectives The objectives of the study were to determine (1) the effect of functional electrical stimulation (FES) after a single botulinum toxin injection into the triceps surae muscle as a functional orthosis on various gait parameters and economy of movement; (2) caregivers’ perceptions of the impact of the intervention on their child’s function and participation, and (3) optimal timing intervals for introducing FES after a botulinum toxin injection. Method Single-subject research with a multiple baseline approach was conducted on five ambulant subjects (average age 5.1 years, SD=1.4) in the Cape Metropole with a dynamic equinus gait due to hemiplegic CP. Two-dimensional gait analysis, isometric dynamometry, Energy Expenditure Index (EEI), and a caregiver questionnaire were used to gather data on walking speed, ankle angles at initial contact of gait, isometric plantarand dorsiflexior muscle strength, energy expenditure during gait, as well as caregiver perception on participation changes. Statistical analysis was conducted by means of ANOVA tests and graphic data illustrations. Results A statistically significant pre- to post intervention (FES after botulinum toxin) change was found for plantarflexor muscle strength. This effect was partially maintained over the withdrawal phase. Caregivers felt the intervention to have a positive influence on their children’s walking speeds, as well as on age-appropriate function and participation. Selfselected walking speed, dorsiflexor muscle strength, and ankle angles at initial contact did not change significantly. A 32-day interval between between botulinum toxin and the FES programme resulted in the most pronounced improvements in terms of walking speed, EEI scores, and plantarflexor muscle strength. Conclusion FES to the lower limb, 32 days after botulinum toxin into the triceps surae, applied for 30 minutes per day, five times a week over a total of four weeks, seemed to improve selected gait parameters as well as caregiver perception of impact on function and activities of daily living. However, further research is needed.
Stone, Katharine Ann. "Dynamic Elastomeric Fabric Orthoses (DEFO) and physiotherapy after Botulinum toxin (BT) in adults with focal spasticity : a feasibility study using mixed methods." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/18036.
Full textFohler, Svenja [Verfasser]. "Occurrence of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin genes and toxin-genotypes of Clostridium perfringens in dairy cattle / Svenja Fohler." Hannover : Bibliothek der Tierärztlichen Hochschule Hannover, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1104403897/34.
Full textO'Sullivan, Gregory Adrianus. "Rescue of exocytosis after botulinum toxin poisoning of neuroendocrine cells : insights into the molecular mechanisms of recovery." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341925.
Full textLindsay, Cameron. "The early use of botulinum toxin in post stroke spasticity : developing a new approach to contracture management." Thesis, Keele University, 2018. http://eprints.keele.ac.uk/5173/.
Full textCaron, Guillaume. "Etude de l'altération et de la récupération de la réponse des différents éléments de la boucle sensori-motrice." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4071/document.
Full textThis thesis work compared nervous system adaptations after different methods of alteration and recovery. The two first studies were about muscle afferents response alterations following botulinum toxin injections. The third study analyzed the relation between muscle phenotype and metabosensitive response. The two last studies analyzed whether aging and physical activity could alter the metabosensitive response and the sensory-motor loop. Results indicate that mechano- and metabosensitive afferents response have different recovery pattern and that metabosensitive afferents response is in part dependent on the muscle phenotype. Aging results indicate an alteration of the sensory-motor loop and depending on the muscle, training allows a recovery. Metabosensitive afferents response is also altered but training does not induce a recovery
Arritt, Fletcher M. III. "The Effects of Modified Atmosphere Packaging on Toxin Production by Clostridium botulinum in Raw Aquacultured Flounder Fillets and Fully Cooked Breaded and Battered Pollock Portions." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28790.
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Nicácio, Gabriel Montoro. "Toxina Botulínica Tipo A Intra-Articular como Adjuvante no Controle da Dor em Cães com Displasia Coxofemoral." Universidade do Oeste Paulista, 2015. http://bdtd.unoeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/735.
Full textThis study aims to determine the efficacy of intra-articular (IA) administration of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A) in dogs with signs of chronic pain associated with hip dysplasia. In a double-blind design fourteen dogs were randomized and distributed into two groups: BoNT (n=7): IA injection with 25U (0,5 mL) of botulium toxin; Control (n=7): IA injection with saline solution (0.5 mL). All dogs received conventional treatment with oral and carprofen (2.2 mg/kg, every 12 h, 15 days), and chondroitin sulfate (750-1000 mg, every 12 h, 90 days). The clinical signs of HD were evaluated prior to treatment (baseline), 15, 30, 60, and 90 days after the IA injection by the veterinary using a score system and by the owners with a questionnaire about their dog s condition using the Canine Brief Pain Inventory (CBPI) and Helsinki Chronic Pain Index (HCPI). The data were analyzed using test unpaired-t, ANOVA, Tukey test (P < 0.05). There was no difference between groups in the scores measured by the veterinary and by the owners (CBPI and HCPI). In comparison over time lower scores were observed in both groups during 90 days from baseline in the researcher evaluation and in the HCPI. The same result was obtained by the CBPI evaluation to the control group whereas for the BoNT group the difference was only observed in the first 60 days after IA injection. Analgesic intervention was not necessary during the evaluation period. Both treatments reduced the clinical signs associated with hip dysplasia, however adjunctive administration of BoNT didn t potentialize the results.
Objetivou-se avaliar a administração intra-articular (IA) da toxina botulínica tipo A (BoNT/A) como adjuvante do controle da dor crônica em cães com displasia coxofemoral (DCF). Em delineamento duplo-cego, 14 cães foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: BoNT (n=7): administração IA de 25U (0,5 mL) de toxina botulínica; Controle (n=7): administração IA de 0,5 mL de solução salina. Para todos os animais foi prescrito tratamento convencional com carprofeno (15 dias) e sulfato de condroitina (90 dias). Os sinais clínicos da DCF foram avaliados, antes do tratamento (basal), 15, 30, 60 e 90 dias após a injeção IA, por sistema de escore pelo pesquisador e mediante questionários respondidos pelos proprietários dos cães, empregando-se o Breve Inventário de Dor Canina (BIDC) e o Indicador de Dor Crônica de Helsinque (IDCH). Intervenção analgésica foi permitida se o somatório dos escores do BIDC e/ou IDCH excedesse 50%. Os resultados foram analisados pelo teste t não-pareado, ANOVA, teste de Tukey (P < 0,05). Não houve diferença entre os grupos nos escores avaliados pelo médico veterinário ou pelos proprietários (BIDC e IDCH). Na comparação ao longo tempo, escores inferiores foram observados em ambos os grupos durante 90 dias em relação ao basal na avaliação do pesquisador e no IDCH. O mesmo resultado foi obtido na avaliação pelo BIDC para o grupo controle, enquanto no grupo BoNT a diferença só foi observada nos primeiros 60 dias após a injeção IA. Intervenção analgésica não foi necessária durante o período de avaliação. Ambos os tratamentos reduziram os sinais clínicos associados à DCF, porém a administração adjuvante de toxina botulínica não potencializou os resultados.
Duarte, Gonçalo Nuno da Silva 1990. "Botulinum toxin type A versus botulinum toxin type B for cervical dystonia." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/29586.
Full textBackground This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2003, and previously updated in 2009 (no change in conclusions). Cervical dystonia is the most common form of focal dystonia and is a disabling disorder characterized by painful involuntary head posturing. Botulinum toxin type A (BtA) is usually considered the first line therapy for this condition, although botulinum toxin type B (BtB) is an alternative option, with no compelling theoretical reason as to why it might not be as, or even more effective, than BtA. Objectives To compare the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of botulinum toxin type A versus botulinum toxin type B in cervical dystonia. Search methods We identified studies for inclusion in the review using the Cochrane Movement Disorders Group trials register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE, reference lists of articles and conference proceedings, last run in October 2015. Search was unrestricted by language. Selection criteria Double-blind, parallel, randomised, placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) of BtA versus BtB in adult patients with cervical dystonia. Data collection and analysis Two independent authors assessed records, selected included studies, extracted data using a paper pro forma and evaluated the risk of bias. Disagreements were solved by consensus or by a third author. We performed one meta-analysis for the comparison BtA versus BtB. We used random-effects models in the presence of considerable heterogeneity and fixed-effect models when there was no heterogeneity. We performed no subgroup analyses. The primary efficacy outcome was overall improvement on any validated symptomatic rating scale. The primary safety outcome was the proportion of participants with any adverse event.Main results Three RCTs of low-to-moderate overall methodological quality including 270 participants with cervical dystonia were included. Two studies exclusively enrolled patients known to have a positive response to BtA treatment, therefore including an enriched population with higher probability of benefit from BtA treatment. None of the trials were independently funded. All RCTs evaluated the effect of a single Bt treatment session using doses between 100 and 250U of BtA and 5000 to 10000U of BtB. We found no difference between the two types of botulinum toxin in terms of overall efficacy and safety, as assessed by the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS) and the number of adverse events, respectively. However, when compared to BtA, treatment with BtB was associated with an improvement of 0.99 points (95% CI: 0.12 to 1.85; I2=0%) on the TWSTRS pain sub-scale at weeks 2-4 after injection, as well as with an increased risk of treatment-related dysphagia with a risk ratio (RR) of 0.49, favouring the BtA group (95% CI: 0.32 to 0.75, I2=27%) and sore throat/dry mouth, with a RR of 0.42 favouring the BtA group (95% CI: 0.31 to 0.57, I2=77%). The two types of botulinum toxin were otherwise shown to be clinically non-distinguishable in all the remaining outcomes. Authors' conclusions A single treatment session of BtA and a single treatment session of BtB are equally effective and well tolerated in the treatment of adults with certain types of cervical dystonia. Treatment with BtB causes a greater decrease disease-associated pain whilst also increasing the rate of dysphagia and sore throat/dry mouth when compared to treatment with BtA. Overall, there is no clinical evidence to support or not support the preferential use of one form of botulinum toxin over another. There is no evidence from RCTs neither regarding comparative development of secondary non-responsiveness to botulinum toxin nor regarding quality of life domains with either treatment.
A distonia cervical compreende uma patologia neurológica pouco frequente com impacto negativo na qualidade de vida dos doentes. O tratamento de primeira linha é com efetuado com recuro a injecções intramusculares de toxina botulínica, que está disponível comercialmente em dois tipos: a toxina botulínica tipo A e a toxina botulínica tipo B. Esta revisão sistemática Cochrane visa comparar estes dois compostos em relação à sua eficácia e segurança no tratamento da distonia cervical. Após um processo de pesquisa sistemática para ensaios aleatorizados sobre o tema, extração de dados e combinação dos mesmos com recurso a técnicas de combinação por meta-análise, demonstrou-se que não existem diferenças nos perfis de eficácia e segurança entre ambas as formulações de toxina botulínica, com as exepções de uma subescala de doença (avaliador dor) e a proporção de doentes com efeitos adversos específicos.