Relevant bibliographies by topics / Botulinum toxin

Academic literature on the topic 'Botulinum toxin'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Botulinum toxin"

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Mubarik Ali and Norina Jabeen. "Botulism a Major Risk in Animals After Flood in Pakistan; A Review." Indus Journal of Agriculture and Biology 1, no. 1 (December 31, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.59075/ijab.v1i1.139.

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Flooding has affected and will likely continue to alter the occurrence, distribution, and prevalence of animal diseases, including botulism, according to a growing body of evidence. The pathogen Clostridium botulinum is thought to be one of several species that can produce the A–H-coded botulinum toxins. These toxins (BoNT) are thought to be the most harmful elements found in nature. The poison hits nerves that are firing more frequently, which causes the pattern of damage. The toxin specifically affects synapses and neuromuscular junctions by preventing the generation or release of acetylcholine there. The majority of animals who contract botulism die from it; it affects the breathing, chewing, and swallowing muscles as well as the diaphragm and intercostal muscles, leading to flaccid paralysis and respiratory arrest. The neurotoxins types C and D produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum in an animal or plant substance, during decomposition, are the cause of the condition in cattle. Failure of the respiratory system causes death. The toxin that causes botulism, also known as botulinus poisoning, is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. There are few available treatment options for the neuroparalytic disease botulism, which impacts the livestock business globally and has been documented in a number of nations.
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Serwik-Trandasir, Aleksandra, Agata Kania, Malwina Gonet, Karolina Miszczyk, Karolina Włodarczyk-Cybulska, Patrycja Maj, Natalia Sergiel, Piotr Mozer, Jakub Maternia, and Michal Lazar. "Wide range applications of botulinum toxin in medicine - literature review." Journal of Education, Health and Sport 45, no. 1 (August 24, 2023): 203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2023.45.01.014.

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Introduction and purpose : Botulinum toxin is one of the most dangerous natural toxins. Botulinum toxin poisoning causes botulism. Botulism is a set of systemic symptoms resulting from flaccid muscle paralysis. The first symptomatology of toxin poisoning was described at the beginning of the 19th century. After more than 200 years, botulinum toxin is associated primarily with aesthetic medicine treatments, where it is used to temporarily improve the appearance, mainly by reducing mimic wrinkles. Aim of the study: The aim of the study is to collect information available in PubMed, Google Scholar, academic textbooks and characteristics of botulinum toxin medicinal products, especially regarding its wide use, mechanism of action, adverse events and contraindications. As a result, the presentation of the versatile use of botulinum toxin as a medicinal product in many fields of medicine. Brief description of the state of knowledge: Botulinum toxin is produced by the anaerobic bacteria Clostridium botulinum. Its mechanism of action consists in flaccid muscle paralysis. Most preparations with botulinum toxin are only registered for strictly defined aesthetic medicine treatments. Other registered indications for the use of medicinal products with botulinum toxin include overactive bladder, various types of spasticity and prevention of headaches. In addition, in medicine, botulinum toxin is commonly used off-label. Summary: Botulinum toxin is widely used not only in aesthetic medicine. Intramuscular injections of botulinum toxin are successfully used in various fields of medicine, such as: urology, neurology, ophthalmology, gastroenterology, dermatology, gynecology, otolaryngology, dentistry and even psychiatry.
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Masters, Anne M., and Dieter G. Palmer. "Confirmation of botulism diagnosis in Australian bird samples by ELISA and RT rtPCR." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 33, no. 4 (May 6, 2021): 684–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10406387211014486.

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We developed a sandwich ELISA that detects Clostridium botulinum C and D toxins and reverse-transcription real-time PCRs (RT-rtPCRs) that detect botulinum C and D toxin genes, respectively, to replace the mouse bioassay. The toxin genes were closely associated with the toxin molecules and used as surrogates for the presence of toxin. Samples (638) from 103 clinical cases of birds (302) with suspected botulinum toxicity came from wild birds and poultry (9 cases). Samples tested included blood serum, other body fluids, various tissues, gut contents, maggots, water, and sediment. Botulism was diagnosed in 34 cases (all of which had positive samples in the ELISA, the C toxin gene RT-rtPCR, or both assays). Botulism was suspected in 16 cases (each of which had 1 positive sample either in the ELISA or the C toxin gene RT-rtPCR). In the remaining 53 cases, no samples were positive, but botulism could not be excluded in 32 of these cases, whereas there was no indication of botulism or another diagnosis in 21 cases. The D toxin gene was not detected in any of the clinical samples. No C or D toxin genes were detected in 71 pooled cloacal swabs from 213 healthy migratory birds. The use of an ELISA that detects botulinum C and D toxins in combination with a RT-rtPCR for the botulinum C toxin gene can help confirm the diagnosis of botulism in birds.
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FRANCIOSA, GIOVANNA, MANOOCHEHER POURSHABAN, MONICA GIANFRANCESCHI, ANTONIETTA GATTUSO, LUCIA FENICIA, ANNA MARIA FERRINI, VERUSCKA MANNONI, GREGORIO DE LUCA, and PAOLO AURELI. "Clostridium botulinum Spores and Toxin in Mascarpone Cheese and Other Milk Products." Journal of Food Protection 62, no. 8 (August 1, 1999): 867–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-62.8.867.

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A total of 1,017 mascarpone cheese samples, collected at retail, were analyzed for Clostridium botulinum spores and toxin, aerobic mesophilic spore counts, as well as pH, aw (water activity), and Eh (oxidation–reduction potential). In addition 260 samples from other dairy products were also analyzed for spores and botulinum toxin. Experiments were carried out on naturally and artificially contaminated mascarpone to investigate the influence of different temperature conditions on toxin production by C. botulinum. Three hundred and thirty-one samples (32.5%) of mascarpone were positive for botulinal spores, and 7 (0.8%) of the 878 samples produced at the plant involved in an outbreak of foodborne botulism also contained toxin type A. The chemical–physical parameters (pH, aw, Eh) of all samples were compatible with C. botulinum growth and toxinogenesis. Of the other milk products, 2.7% were positive for C. botulinum spores. Growth and toxin formation occurred in naturally and experimentally contaminated mascarpone samples after 3 and 4 days of incubation at 28°C, respectively.
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Bossi, P., A. Tegnell, A. Baka, A. Werner, F. van Loock, J. Hendriks, H. Maidhof, and G. Gouvras. "Bichat guidelines for the clinical management of botulism and bioterrorism-related botulism." Eurosurveillance 9, no. 12 (December 1, 2004): 31–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/esm.09.12.00505-en.

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Botulism is a rare but serious paralytic illness caused by botulinum toxin, which is produced by the Clostridium botulinum. This toxin is the most poisonous substance known. It 100 000 times more toxic than sarin gas. Eating or breathing this toxin causes illness in humans. Four distinct clinical forms are described: foodborne, wound, infant and intestinal botulism. The fifth form, inhalational botulism, is caused by aerosolised botulinum toxin that could be used as a biological weapon. A deliberate release may also involve contamination of food or water supplies with toxin or C. botulinum bacteria. By inhalation, the dose that would kill 50% of exposed persons (LD50) is 0.003 microgrammes/kg of body weight. Patients with respiratory failure must be admitted to an intensive care unit and require long-term mechanical ventilation. Trivalent equine antitoxins (A,B,E) must be given to patients as soon as possible after clinical diagnosis. Heptavalent human antitoxins (A-G) are available in certain countries.
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Palazón-García, Ramiro, and Ana María Benavente-Valdepeñas. "Botulinum Toxin: From Poison to Possible Treatment for Spasticity in Spinal Cord Injury." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 9 (May 5, 2021): 4886. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094886.

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Botulism has been known for about three centuries, and since its discovery, botulinum toxin has been considered one of the most powerful toxins. However, throughout the 20th century, several medical applications have been discovered, among which the treatment of spasticity stands out. Botulinum toxin is the only pharmacological treatment recommended for spasticity of strokes and cerebral palsy. Although its use as an adjuvant treatment against spasticity in spinal cord injuries is not even approved, botulinum toxin is being used against such injuries. This article describes the advances that have been made throughout history leading to the therapeutic use of botulinum toxin and, in particular, its application to the treatment of spasticity in spinal cord injury.
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Ninh Thi, Hanh, Hoa Le Vinh, Ba Tran Hong, Quan Pham Van, Long Le Thanh, and Loan Pham Thi. "Producing positive control materials for template in PCR testing to detect botulinum neurotoxin types A and B genes." Heavy metals and arsenic concentrations in water, agricultural soil, and rice in Ngan Son district, Bac Kan province, Vietnam 7, no. 1 (March 21, 2024): 53–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.47866/2615-9252/vjfc.4209.

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Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum and some other bacterial strains such as C. butyricum and C. baratii. It is considered the strongest toxin known to humans and can cause botulism. Botulinum neurotoxin can be fatal in humans and most botulism cases are caused by type A and B toxins. In this study, the research team used C. botulinum strains isolated from botulism poisoning cases in Vietnam, which were identified to produce type A and B toxins, from which we successfully transformed plasmids carrying genes specific for BoNT type A and type B genes based on the reference gene sequence according to TCVN 11395:2016. These plasmids were successfully used as template DNA for PCR reactions. In the PCR reaction, plasmids used to transform genes producing botulinum toxin types A and B have a detection limit of 102 copies/µL. The study has fully verified the validation parameters, with 100% accuracy and specificity.
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Drożdżyńska, Marta, Izabela Sobieraj-Garbiak, Anna Chlasta, and Maria Jastrzębska. "Botulinum toxin and its clinical applications." Diagnostyka Laboratoryjna 51, no. 2 (July 13, 2015): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0004.1521.

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Botulin, exotoxin produced by C. botulinum, is one of the most potent toxins known to the mankind. For nearly 40 years it has been successfully used in various fields of medicine, despite the word botox is still mainly associated with aesthetic medicine and more or less successful beauty treatments. The review of the literature and description of the current knowledge about botulinum toxin and its clinical applications was the aim of the study. Botulinum toxin is protein composed of two chains linked together by a disulfide bridge. Seven serotypes were distinguish and label from A to G. The botulinum toxin mechanism of action involves proteolysis of specific neuronal proteins which resulting in blockade of acetylcholine release from presynaptic vesicles at the neuromuscular junction. For the first time botulin was used by A. Scott in treatment of strabismus. Since then botulinum neurotoxin has found its application in such areas as ophthalmology, neurology and urology. Botulinum proved to be a safe drug with few adverse effects, among which dysphagia is the most dangerous. Although the effect of botulinum toxin is unstable and reversible, there is a possibility of appearance of antibodies and clinical resistance, particularly in patients undergoing long-term therapy. Since the discovery, botulinum neurotoxin, has undergone a transformation from the deadly poison to the drug used in many areas of medicine. Numerous studies confirm that botulin, when used responsibly with the smallest effective dose and required intervals, is safe for the organism. Botulin can be for physicians a therapeutic tool, which can bring relief from the symptoms and suffering and significantly improving patients quality of life.
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Harris, Richard A., Fabrizio Anniballi, and John W. Austin. "Adult Intestinal Toxemia Botulism." Toxins 12, no. 2 (January 24, 2020): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins12020081.

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Intoxication with botulinum neurotoxin can occur through various routes. Foodborne botulism results after consumption of food in which botulinum neurotoxin-producing clostridia (i.e., Clostridium botulinum or strains of Clostridium butyricum type E or Clostridium baratii type F) have replicated and produced botulinum neurotoxin. Infection of a wound with C. botulinum and in situ production of botulinum neurotoxin leads to wound botulism. Colonization of the intestine by neurotoxigenic clostridia, with consequent production of botulinum toxin in the intestine, leads to intestinal toxemia botulism. When this occurs in an infant, it is referred to as infant botulism, whereas in adults or children over 1 year of age, it is intestinal colonization botulism. Predisposing factors for intestinal colonization in children or adults include previous bowel or gastric surgery, anatomical bowel abnormalities, Crohn’s disease, inflammatory bowel disease, antimicrobial therapy, or foodborne botulism. Intestinal colonization botulism is confirmed by detection of botulinum toxin in serum and/or stool, or isolation of neurotoxigenic clostridia from the stool, without finding a toxic food. Shedding of neurotoxigenic clostridia in the stool may occur for a period of several weeks. Adult intestinal botulism occurs as isolated cases, and may go undiagnosed, contributing to the low reported incidence of this rare disease.
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Long, Sharon C., and Tiffany Tauscher. "Watershed issues associated with Clostridium botulinum: A literature review." Journal of Water and Health 4, no. 3 (April 1, 2006): 277–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2006.016b.

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Botulism the disease, the related organism (Clostridium botulinum) and toxin have gained renewed attention in these times of heightened homeland security and bioterrorism preparedness. Since C. botulinum is ubiquitous in nature, botulism outbreaks resulting from environmental exposure can be of concern to watershed managers and drinking water utilities. This paper reviews aspects of naturally occurring C. botulinum in light of concerns for source water watersheds. Information regarding sources and occurrence of botulism, C. botulinum and botulism toxins are discussed. Ecology and physiology of environmental C. botulinum and cycles of disease are reviewed. Finally, the effectiveness of water treatment and disinfection measures is discussed.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Botulinum toxin"

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Sharma, Davinder Kumar. "Toxin production by Clostridium botulinum." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301991.

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The endopeptidase activity assay developed for measurement of purified botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) in clinical therapeutic preparations has been adopted to provide a specific measure of BoNT/A activity in culture supernatants of proteolytic C. botulinum type A. Electrophoretic studies and inhibition of BoNT/A activity by anti-A antibody confirmed the specificity of the assay. The minimum detection limit was 0.2 MLD50/ml indicating the assay as more sensitive than the standard mouse bioassay or any other in vitro assay available to date. Whilst the assay did not exhibit any cross reactions with non-proteolytic (saccharolytic) clostridia, proteolytic C. botulinum types B and F and C. sporogenes showed some cross reactions. The endopeptidase assay was used to investigate physiological aspects of BoNT/A production by proteolytic C. botulinum type A strain NCTC 7272. Growth studies at 15°C, 25°C and 37°C with strain NCTC 7272 demonstrated that the first appearance of BoNT/A (0.1-1.0 MLD50 ml) occurred during mid-late exponential or early stationary phase of growth. Extracellular BoNT/A formation was not proportional to viable count. Slightly more BoNT/A was detected at 25°C than 37° or 15°C. The results of BoNT/A formation by one of the growth curves at 25°C measured by the endopeptidase assay and mouse bioassays were very similar confirming the specificity of the assay. A simple method was developed to lyre the cells so that BoNT/A formation could be subsequently measured in the endopeptidase assay. The data obtained following lysis of cells and measurement of intracellular BoNT/A showed that both intracellular BoNT/A and total BoNT/A formation is not constitutive but are more closely proportional to viable count than extracellular BoNT/A. Release of BoNT/A from cells was not associated with autolysis. The conversion of BoNT/A from the single-chain to dichain form during growth has been measured. The use of the endopeptidase assay has been also exploited to study BoNT/A formation by this strain within the population of cells. There was only a four-fold difference in BoNT/A production by cells of strain NCTC 7272, and further work in this area is warranted. Attempts were made to use MAPs for the production of monoclonal antibodies to SNAP-25 following cleavage by BoNT/E. Whilst the outcome was unsuccessful, the soundness of the principle was demonstrated
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Rystedt, Alma. "Botulinum Toxin : Formulation, Concentration and Treatment." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Neurologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-181667.

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Botulinum toxin (BTX) is used in various fields of medicine, including the treatment of hyperhidrosis and cervical dystonia. Botox®, Dysport®, Xeomin® and NeuroBloc® are commercially available BTX products, which are formulated differently and their dosing units are unique. Dosage and concentration of the prepared solution for injection varies considerably among studies comparing the products. Improved guidelines on concentration and dosing when changing from one product to another are warranted. This would ensure the use of the lowest effective doses for good effect, minimal risk of antibody formation and side-effects as well as reduced costs. The aim of the present work was to find the most appropriate BTX concentration for each of the four products to achieve the highest sweat reducing effect and to investigate dose conversion ratios between Botox and Dysport in the treatment of cervical dystonia when the products are diluted to the same concentration, 100 U/ml. Paper I and II clearly confirm that it is crucial to consider the BTX concentration in a treatment regimen, especially when changing between different products. The optimal concentration to reduce sweating varies among the products and was found to be 25 U/ml for Botox and Xeomin, approximately 100 U/ml for Dysport and 50 U/ml for NeuroBloc. However, for NeuroBloc the optimal concentration might be even lower. In Paper III, which is a retrospective study using casebook notes from 75 patients with cervical dystonia, it was found that the most appropriate dose conversion ratio to use when switching from Botox to Dysport was 1:1.7. In Paper IV, Botox and Dysport were prospectively compared in a double-blind, randomized clinical trial in two different dose conversion ratios (1:3 and 1:1.7) when diluted to the same concentration (100 U/ml). No statistically significant difference was seen between Botox (1:3) and Dysport nor between Botox (1:1.7) and Dysport four weeks after treatment. Some of the secondary outcome observations, however, did indicate that the ratio 1:3 resulted in suboptimal efficacy of Botox but this must be further validated in a larger patient material.
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Costantin, Laura. "Anti-epileptic effect of Botulinum Toxin E." Doctoral thesis, Scuola Normale Superiore, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11384/85973.

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Davis, Tom Owen. "Regulation of botulinum toxin complex formation in Clostridium botulinum : type A NCTC 2916." Thesis, Open University, 1998. http://oro.open.ac.uk/57744/.

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Genomic DNA fragments encoding the silent type B neurotoxin gene from Clostridium botulinum NCTC 2916 have been cloned and the complete nucleotide sequence determined. The translated sequence revealed that the gene encoded a neurotoxin which was closely related to type B neurotoxin genes from Group I Clostridium botulinum. However among the nucleotide sequence differences, aG to T transition has interrupted the coding sequence with the formation of a stop codon. In addition the deletion of an adenine residue has resulted in a frame-shift mutation. Analysis of the DNA sequence contiguous with the silent type B neurotoxin gene revealed the presence of a gene encoding a Nontoxic-Nonhaemagglutinin protein which appears to share a bicistronic mRNA transcript with the type B neurotoxin gene. In the reverse orientation, the partial sequence of a gene encoding a haemagglutinin protein was found, typical of type A and B botulinal neurotoxin complexes. Separating the genes encoding the 'components of the neurotoxin complex was a gene of 178 amino acids which possessed features commonly associated with transcriptional factors. To facilitate the in vivo study of botulinal neurotoxin complex regulation, a gene transfer system using clostridial components has been developed. The minimal replicon of the cryptic plasmid pCB 102 from Clostridium butyricum NCIB 7423 was located to 1.6 kb DNA fragment by deletion analysis, enabling the identification of hitherto undiscovered putative ORFs and secondary structures, consistent with a replicative function. The replicon has been incorporated in to a number of Escherichia coli vectors resulting in a versatile series of shuttle vectors which have demonstrated high structural and segregational stabilities in a heterologous host Clostridium beyerinckii NCI NIB 8052. Gene transfer of a Group I Clostridium botulinum type A strain was demonstrated with a representative pCB 102-derived shuttle vector, pMTL540E. In addition, a 5.9 kb plasmid indigenous to C. hotulimun NCTC 2916 was cloned and the complete nucleotide sequence determined. Eight putative ORFs have been identified, including a putative replication protein and recombinase.
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Lee, John. "Botulinum toxin in the management of ocular motility disorders." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.432577.

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Cosgrove, Aidan Patrick. "Botulinum toxin A in the management of cerebral palsy." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317529.

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Wilhelm, Christina Marie. "ORAL LD50 OF BOTULINUM TOXIN SEROTYPE A IN GUINEA PIGS." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1196964577.

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Veronezi, Luciane Orbem. "Aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos, patológicos e laboratoriais do botulismo em bovinos no estado de Santa Catarina." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2009. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/909.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:24:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGCA09MA137.pdf: 7646125 bytes, checksum: aa6f9bf26c4235333e8d6e22c4835a6a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-11-11
The study was carried out through the epidemiological, clinical, pathological and laboratory findings of botulism in cattle in the state of Santa Catarina, during the period from 1987 to 2008. The data were obtained through information from the files of the Department of Animal Pathology CAV/UDESC and in the properties which the disease continued to occur. In properties with the botulism associated phosphorus deficiency cattle, the animals were kept on native pastures, in most cases, located in the Planalto Serrano. The disease occurred mainly in the summer months, when cows with calf without mineral supplementation and that were not vaccinated against botulism. In the farms visited, there were several bones of corpses scattered in the pastures. Eight outbreaks of botulism were studied from 2006 to 2008, including seven cases related to phosphorus deficiency and osteophagia, and one case associated with oat pasture fertilized with incomplete decomposed carcasses of pigs and poultry. In all outbreaks clinical signs consisted of paresis, progressive paralysis and recumbency followed by death. At necropsy there were no lesions, but bone fragments were found mixed with the contents of the reticulum of two cattle. On histological examination, significant lesions were not observed. In the microbiological analisys performed in the samples collected from seven outbreaks C. botulinum was isolated. In the botulism associated phosphorus deficiency, botulinum toxin type C was detected from the intestinal contents of cattle and type D on samples collected from bone and soil. In the botulism associated with contamineted feed, was detected spores of C.botulinum type D isolated from samples of compost, soil and bones of carcasses scattered in the pasture. The diagnosis of botulism was established through the analysis of epidemiological, clinical and pathological findings associated with the detection of toxin present in outbreaks studied
O trabalho foi realizado através de estudo dos aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos, patológicos e laboratoriais do botulismo em bovinos no Estado de Santa Catarina, durante os anos de 1987 a 2008. Os dados foram adquiridos através de informações obtidas dos arquivos do Setor de Patologia Animal CAV/UDESC e nas propriedades em que a enfermidade continuou a ocorrer. Nas propriedades com botulismo associado à deficiência de fósforo, os bovinos eram mantidos em campos nativos, na maioria dos casos, localizados na região do Planalto Serrano. A doença manifestou-se principalmente nos meses de verão, em vacas com terneiro ao pé, sem suplementação mineral e que não eram vacinados contra botulismo. Nas propriedades visitadas foram observados inúmeros ossos de cadáveres espalhados nas pastagens. Oito surtos de botulismo foram acompanhados no período de 2006 a 2008, sendo sete deles relacionados à carência de fósforo e osteofagia e um associado à pastagem de aveia adubada com compostagem incompleta de carcaças de suínos e aves. Em todos os surtos os sinais clínicos consistiam em paresia, paralisia progressiva, decúbito seguido de morte. Á necropsia não foram evidenciadas lesões, porém fragmentos de ossos foram encontrados misturados ao conteúdo do retículo de dois bovinos. No exame histológico não foi observado lesões significativas. Na análise microbiológica das amostras coletadas de sete surtos foi isolado C. botulinum. No botulismo associado a deficiência de fósforo foi detectada toxina botulínica tipo C em conteúdo intestinal de um bovino e tipo D a partir de ossos e amostras de solo coletado. No botulismo associado a alimentos contaminados, foi detectados esporos do Clostridium botulinum tipo D nas amostras da compostagem, de solo e ossos das carcaças espalhadas na pastagem. O diagnóstico de botulismo foi estabelecido através da análise dos aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e patológicos associado à detecção da toxina botulínica presente nos surtos acompanhados
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Adam-Castrillo, David. "Local Administration of Botulinum Toxin Type-B in the External Anal Sphincter of Horses Produces Transient Reduction of Peak Anal Pressure." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33927.

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Toxins produced by the Gram-positive bacteria Clostridium botulinum cause transient chemodenervation of mammalian muscle. The toxin binds to specific proteins within cholinergic presynaptic nerve terminals which regulate the release of acetylcholine in the synaptic space resulting is loss of muscle activation and function. Local injections with botulinum toxins are currently used in humans for the treatment of disorders that benefit from prolonged neuromuscular blockade such as strabismus, blepharospasm, focal dystonias, spasticity, tremors, and anal fissures. Injections with botulinum toxin type A into the internal or external anal sphincter cause relaxation of the anal canal and allow healing of chronic anal fissures. Perineal lacerations in mares, which occur during foaling often dehisce after surgical repair due to the high pressure across the incision resulting from accumulation of feces in the rectum. We hypothesized local injections of Clostridium botulinum type B toxin into the external anal sphincter could cause a decrease in anal pressures, thus reducing the incidence of dehiscence if used before surgical repair of perineal laceration in mares. The purpose of this project was to determine the effects of BTB injection in the external anal sphincter in normal horses. Our hypothesis was that local injection of BTB would result in transient reduction of anal tone without causing clinical side effects. Peak and resting anal sphincter pressures of horses were measured with a custom made rectal probe connected to a pressure transducer. Pressures were measured before treatment and after injection with Clostridium botulinum type B toxin (BTB) or saline. Dose titration with 500, 1000, 1500 and 2500 units of BTB was completed. The horses' physical changes, behavior, and anal pressure were recorded. Injection of 1000 units of BTB produced significant reduction in peak anal pressure from days 2 to 84 when compared to control animals (P<0.05). Maximal effect of the toxin was observed within the first 15 days after injections followed by a slow return to baseline over 168 days. Injection in the anal sphincter with 2500 units of BTB in one horse produced signs of depression, generalized weakness, and dysphagia for 14 days. Clinical side effects were not observed in horses after injections with 500, 1000, or 1500 units of BTB. In summary, local injections of botulinum toxin type-B in the external anal sphincter of horses caused transient relaxation of the anus and reduction of peak anal pressures. Systemic side effects were observed in one horse, which suggested a narrow dosage range to avoid toxicity. Further research to test the effects of botulinum toxin in clinical cases is needed to determine the full potential of this treatment modality.
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Cadieux, Brigitte. "Development of a novel, rapid, in vitro assay for the detection of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin type E." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32836.

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Botulism is a foodborne intoxication caused by ingestion of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT). Preliminary studies focussed on the production of polyclonal antisera against BoNT/E by immunizing a rabbit with botulinal toxoid type E. The antiserum was subsequently used to detect BoNT/E using the slot blot immunoassay where samples were applied to a slot blot filtration manifold and drawn by vacuum through a membrane. The membrane was then immunologically processed before chemiluminescent detection. However, the antisera lacked specificity and cross-reacted with closely related clostridia strains.
The specificity of the antisera was increased by adsorbing cross-reactive antibodies from whole antisera with affinity columns made with total proteins from culture supernatants of closely related clostridia. Alternatively, specific antibodies were isolated with an affinity column prepared with C. botulinum type E toxoid.
Different methods of concentrating BoNT/E in each sample prior to testing them were evaluated to increase the sensitivity of the assay.
The slot blot immunoassay was then evaluated for detection of BoNT/E in mixed cultures and in food samples. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Books on the topic "Botulinum toxin"

1

L, Simpson Lance, ed. Botulinum neurotoxin and tetanus toxin. San Diego: Academic Press, 1989.

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NIH Consensus Development Conference on Clinical Use of Botulinum Toxin (1990 Bethesda, Md.). Botulinum toxin. Bethesda, Md: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, Office of Medical Applications of Research, 1990.

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Jabbari, Bahman. Botulinum Toxin Treatment. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99945-6.

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Whitcup, Scott M., and Mark Hallett, eds. Botulinum Toxin Therapy. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66306-3.

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Jabbari, Bahman. Botulinum Toxin Treatment. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-54471-2.

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Joseph, Jankovic, and Hallett Mark, eds. Therapy with botulinum toxin. New York: M. Dekker, 1994.

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B, Sommer, and Sattler G. 1955-, eds. Botulinum toxin in aesthetic medicine. Berlin: Blackwell-Wissenschaft-Verlag, 2001.

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Chancellor, Michael B. Botulinum toxin in urology. Heidelberg: Springer, 2011.

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Odderson, Ib R. Botulinum toxin injection guide. New York: Demos Medical Pub., 2008.

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Seo, Kyle K. Botulinum Toxin for Asians. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0204-5.

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Book chapters on the topic "Botulinum toxin"

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Rzany, Berthold, and Alexander Nast. "Botulinum Toxin." In Evidence-Based Procedural Dermatology, 333–42. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09424-3_19.

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Hexsel, Doris M., Mariana Soirefmann, and Camile L. Hexsel. "Botulinum Toxin." In Dermatologic Surgery, 253–58. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118412633.ch34.

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Sharad, Jaishree. "Botulinum Toxin." In Advances in Integrative Dermatology, 413–55. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119476009.ch26.

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Muehlberger, Thomas. "Botulinum Toxin." In Migraine Surgery, 149–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78117-4_10.

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Owusu, James A., and Kofi Derek O. Boahene. "Botulinum Toxin." In Encyclopedia of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, 364–67. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23499-6_220.

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Govind, Jayantilal. "Botulinum Toxin." In Encyclopedia of Pain, 285–88. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28753-4_460.

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Becher, T. "Botulinum Toxin." In Movement Disorders of the Upper Extremities in Children, 147–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53622-0_12.

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Sarkarat, Farzin, Soheil Koushaei, and Pejman Janbaz. "Botulinum Toxin." In Integrated Procedures in Facial Cosmetic Surgery, 389–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46993-1_29.

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Ferguson, Kris, and Nicole Wolfgram. "Botulinum Toxin." In Deer's Treatment of Pain, 163–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12281-2_20.

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Bertossi, Dario, Riccardo Nocini, and Ali Pirayesh. "Botulinum Toxin." In Non-Surgical Rhinoplasty, 6–7. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003304623-3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Botulinum toxin"

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Garrido, João Guilherme Santos, João Gustavo dos Anjos Morais Oliveira, Luana Brandão de Sales Reis, Beatriz do Nascimento Garcia Moreno, and Ricardo Moreno do Carmo Junior. "Benefits of Botulinum Toxin type A in post-stroke neurorehabilitation." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.360.

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Background: Stroke can injure the upper motor neuron, and may develop spasticity, a speed-dependent excessive contraction that makes muscle extension difficult. The botulinum toxin type A make contraction difficult, by inhibiting acetylcholine liberation by the lower motor neuron. Thus, it is hypothesized that the botulinum toxin has benefits in post-stroke spasticity. Objective: To evaluate the benefits of botulinum toxin in post-stroke spasticity. Methods: This is a literature review, which articles were searched via PubMed, with MeSH descriptors, using the formula: (“Botulinum toxin type A”) AND (“stroke”) AND (“spasticity”). Clinical trials, systematics reviews and metanalysis, that used botulinum toxin type A as intervention were included. Results: The search resulted in 16 articles, and 5 were selected. A metanalysis, that included 10 clinical trials, evaluated 950 patients and the botulinum toxin type A in superior limbs spasticity has not shown benefits. Yet, another metanalysis which evaluated 27 clinical trials with 2793 patien ts, with both superior and inferior limbs spasticity, demonstrated improvement in levels of tonicity and deficiency evaluation scales. A prospective cohort whose outcome was based in doctor-patient goals has shown great improvement in mobility (87%), positioning (100%), pain relief and spasms (>80%). A clinical trial has also shown improvement on inferior limb function after 3 months of botulinum toxin use. Conclusions: The botulinum toxin use for improvement in inferior limbs spasticity is well described on the literature. However, its use for superior limbs is still controversial, requiring more studies.
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Taylor, Graham, Donald Leo, and Andy Sarles. "Detection of Botulinum Neurotoxin/A Insertion Using an Encapsulated Interface Bilayer." In ASME 2012 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2012-8101.

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Many signaling mechanisms in living cells occur at biological boundaries via cell surface receptors and membrane proteins embedded in lipid bilayers. The coordination of actions of sensory and motor neurons in the nervous system represents one example of many that heavily depends on lipid membrane bound receptor mediated signaling. As a result, chemical and biological toxins that disrupt these neural signals can have severe physiological effects, including paralysis and death. Botulinum neurotoxin Type A (BoNT/A) is a proteolytic toxin that inserts through vesicle membranes and cleaves membrane receptors involved with synaptic acetylcholine uptake and nervous system signal conduction. In this work, we investigate the use of a Bioinspired liquid-supported interface bilayer for studying the insertion of BoNT/A toxin molecules into synthetic lipid bilayers. DPhPC lipid bilayers are formed using the regulated attachment method (RAM), as developed by Sarles and Leo, and we perform current measurements on membranes exposed to BoNT/A toxin to characterize activity of toxin interacting with the synthetic bilayer. Control tests without toxin present are also presented. The results of these tests show an increase in the magnitude of current through the bilayer when the toxin is included. We interpret these initial results to mean that incorporation of BoNT/A toxin at a high concentration in an interface bilayer increases the permeability of the membrane as a result of toxin molecules spanning the thickness of the bilayer.
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Daou, Marc, Aya Shnawa, Valeria Ariza Hutchinson, Ivanna Joseph, and Aleksandra Yakhkind. "A Case of Botulism After Intramuscular Injection of Botulinum Toxin (P12-7.003)." In 2023 Annual Meeting Abstracts. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000204127.

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Sternlieb, S. J., S. Ferrell, S. P. Kantrow, and G. Lea. "Pyridostigmine for Therapeutic Botulinum Toxin Reversal in Adult." In American Thoracic Society 2021 International Conference, May 14-19, 2021 - San Diego, CA. American Thoracic Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2021.203.1_meetingabstracts.a2404.

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Wisser, L. "125. Botulinum Toxin in the Research Laboratory — EHS Controls." In AIHce 2001. AIHA, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2765637.

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Khan, M. U., K. Mushtaq, K. Al-Ejji, and R. Yakoob. "INTRAGASTRIC BOTULINUM TOXIN-RELATED LARGE GASTRIC PHYTOBEZOAR REMOVED ENDOSCOPICALLY." In ESGE Days 2022. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1745381.

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SUZUKI, TOMONORI, and SATORU MIYAZAKI. "IN SILICO ANALYSIS FOR THE STUDY OF BOTULINUM TOXIN STRUCTURE." In From Quantum Information to Bio-Informatics. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814304061_0039.

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Panero, Elisa, Daniele Borzelli, Carlo Alberto Artusi, and Giuseppe Massazza. "Biomechanical assessment of botulinum toxin effects in Pisa syndrome disease." In 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Medical Measurements and Applications (MeMeA). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/memea54994.2022.9856455.

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Santos, Gabriel Cerqueira, Caio de Almeida Lellis, Bruno Coelho Duarte Oliveira, Letícia Romeira Belchior, Caíque Seabra Garcia de Menezes Figueiredo, and Ledismar José da Silva. "Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of Myofascial Pain Syndrome: A Systematic Review." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.263.

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Introduction: Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a regional painful condition characterized by the presence of trigger points in the affected muscles, and botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is a possible therapeutic option. Objectives: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of botulinum toxin in the management of MSD. Design and setting: A systematic review conducted at the Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted in the PubMed, IBECS and VHL databases: “(Myofascial Pain Syndromes OR Myofascial Trigger Point Pain) AND Botulinum toxin”. Randomized studies, clinical trials and case reports published in the last 10 years were selected. Results: Two randomized trials concluded that application of BoNT-A, regard less of the application site, did not show significant improvement in pain intensity compared to the control group. Also, another multicenter, random ized trial reported that application of ToNB-A to the masseter muscles did not result in improvement of SDM within three months of application. Finally, a clinical trial reported improvement in visual numeric scores of myofascial pain in the scapular girdle in subjects who received a second dose (P = 0.019). Conclusion: BoNT-A was not effective in improving SDM at any site of ap plication and in any dosage studied, except in a single study, therefore insuf ficient to state whether subsequent doses have better results.
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van den Heuvel, Robert. "Botulinum toxin A might provide efficacious treatment option for nail psoriasis." In 25th World Congress of Dermatology, edited by Peter van de Kerkhof. Baarn, the Netherlands: Medicom Medical Publishers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55788/8396d3ef.

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Reports on the topic "Botulinum toxin"

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Ferreira, Roseanne, and Dean Elterman. Safe and effective use of botulinum toxin for refractory LUTS. BJUI knowledge, March 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18591/bjuik.0053.v2.

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MacAskill, Findlay, and Arun Sahai. First choice for refractory OAB: botulinum toxin A or sacral neuromodulation? BJUI Knowledge, February 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18591/bjuik.0055.v2.

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Saini, Ravinder Saini, Mohammad Almoyad, Rayan Binduhayyim, Syed Altafuddin, vishwanath gurumurthy, Shashit Bavabeedu, Mohammed Kurunian, Punnoth Naseef, and Artak Heboyan. A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis on the Effectiveness of Botulinum Toxin for Temporomandibular Disorders. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.11.0101.

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Yue, Shuai, Mengran Ju, and Zhe Su. A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis: Botulinum Toxin A Effect on Postoperative Facial Scar Prevention. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.7.0077.

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Chen, Ting-Yen. The efficacy of botulinum toxin in patients with brachial plexus injury, a systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.9.0017.

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Chen, Chih-Rung, Yu-Chi Su, Hui-Chuan Chen, and Yu-Ching Lin. Botulinum Toxin for Drooling in Adults with Diseases of Central Nervous System: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.2.0019.

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Su, Yu-Chi, Yao-Hong Guo, Pei-Chun Hsieh, and Yu-Ching Lin. Effectiveness and Safety of Botulinum Toxin in the Treatment of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.10.0087.

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Montal, Mauricio. Combinatorial Strategies and Hypothesis-Based Drug Design in Drug Discovery Targeted to the Protease and Channel Activities of Botulinum Toxin A. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada400463.

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Chang, Ke-Vin. Comparative Effectiveness of Botulinum Toxin and Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy for Post-stroke Spasticity: a Protocol for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.7.0018.

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Su, Yu-Chi, Yao-Hong Guo, Pei-Chun Hsieh, and Yu-Ching Lin. Efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin type A in distraction osteogenesis of the lower extremities: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.11.0027.

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