Academic literature on the topic 'Bottom-up housing'
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Journal articles on the topic "Bottom-up housing"
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Walshaw, Aimee. "Briefing: Understanding housing modernisation from the bottom up." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Urban Design and Planning 165, no. 1 (March 2012): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/udap.2012.165.1.7.
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Heffernan, Emma, and Pieter de Wilde. "Group self-build housing: A bottom-up approach to environmentally and socially sustainable housing." Journal of Cleaner Production 243 (January 2020): 118657. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118657.
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Wang, Feng, Haitao Yin, and Zhiren Zhou. "The Adoption of Bottom-up Governance in China's Homeowner Associations." Management and Organization Review 8, no. 3 (November 2012): 559–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8784.2011.00277.x.
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Since China's marketization-featured housing reform, homeowner associations have played a greater role in neighbourhood governance. Using the theory of social movements and organizations, this article investigates how homeowner associations strategically reorganize themselves to achieve their goals. Our survey in Beijing suggests that about half of the homeowner associations have adopted bottom-up governance structures, which are not specified in governmental regulations. We find that such innovations are more likely to occur when a neighbourhood needs grassroots participation to deal with external grievances, especially developer-related issues, or to overcome its powerlessness due to little access to the polity. We also find that homeowner associations are more likely to adopt bottom-up structures when their leaders believe strongly in resident participation or actively engage in extra-organizational professional activities as a means to overcome infrastructure deficit.
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Howell, Kathryn. "Preservation from the bottom-up: affordable housing, redevelopment, and negotiation in Washington, DC." Housing Studies 31, no. 3 (September 2, 2015): 305–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02673037.2015.1080819.
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Cárdenas-Rangel, Jorge, German Osma-Pinto, and Julián Jaramillo-Ibarra. "Improvement Proposal of Bottom-Up Approach for the Energy Characterization of Buildings in the Tropical Climate." Buildings 11, no. 4 (April 14, 2021): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11040159.
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The energy characterization of buildings can be done by bottom-up methods such as energy simulation models (samples or archetypes). A sample consists of the selection of real buildings and an archetype is a theoretical building that represents them. Nevertheless, both approaches have shortcomings for the creation of energy models. This work proposes to improve the sampling approach from the validation of input data, and calibration of models by individual adjustment processes. The studied category corresponds to multi-family buildings of median incomes from the Metropolitan Area of Bucaramanga (Colombia). This study presents the energy model of five existing buildings and an archetype, calibration results, energy characterization, and comparative analysis between both approaches. The sampling approach indicates that housing units and general services demand an average of 76.9% and 23.1% of consumed energy, respectively. The average energy consumption by housing units is 22.38 kWh/m2·year caused by appliances (85.3%), lighting (11.2%), and air conditioning (3.5%). The archetype presents similar results for the energy consumption of housing units (kWh/m2·year), but notable differences concerning a specific behavior of inner spaces, being the sampling approach more accurate to characterize to a building category.
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Djebbar, Khadidja El-Bahdja, Souria Salem, and Abderrahmane Mokhtari. "Assessment of energy performance using bottom-up method." International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation 38, no. 1 (September 4, 2019): 192–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijbpa-11-2017-0056.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze energy performance of the multi-storey buildings built in the city of Tlemcen between 1872 and 2016. Design/methodology/approach A diagnosis based on a bottom-up methodology, using statistical techniques and engineering, has been developed and applied. To do this, demand condition analysis was conducted using a data collection survey on a sample of 100 case studies. Physical characteristics of the buildings have been determined through the archetype by period. This serves to define the strengths and weaknesses of buildings as energy consumers. Findings The obtained results showed that dwellings built between 1872 and 1920 offer better energy performance with a consumption index close to 130kWh/m2/year and this compared to the five periods considered. For dwellings built between 1974 and 1989, energy consumption is higher with an index approaching 300kWh/m2/year, thus qualifying the buildings of this period as energy intensive. Originality/value A database is established to collect physical information on the existing housing stock and thus allow their classification vis-à-vis of the energy label. This study is part of a research project aimed at evaluating and determining optimal measures for energy rehabilitation of multi-family buildings in Tlemcen. Thermal rehabilitation solutions are proposed using thermal simulations, in the following studies, to improve thermal performance of existing buildings. This study constitutes the first step of a roadmap applicable to other cities constituting climatic zones in Algeria. This helps to enrich the Algerian thermal regulation in thermal rehabilitation of existing residential buildings and conception of new ones, in urban areas with a similar climate.
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Arvizu-Piña, Victor Alberto, Albert Cuchí-Burgos, and Juan Pablo Chargoy Amador. "A bottom-up approach for implementation of Environmental Product Declarations in Mexico’s housing sector." International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 24, no. 9 (January 30, 2019): 1553–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11367-019-01587-w.
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Jiang, Na, Andrew Crooks, Wenjing Wang, and Yichun Xie. "Simulating Urban Shrinkage in Detroit via Agent-Based Modeling." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 20, 2021): 2283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13042283.
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While the world’s total urban population continues to grow, not all cities are witnessing such growth—some are actually shrinking. This shrinkage has caused several problems to emerge, including population loss, economic depression, vacant properties and the contraction of housing markets. Such issues challenge efforts to make cities sustainable. While there is a growing body of work on studying shrinking cities, few explore such a phenomenon from the bottom-up using dynamic computational models. To fill this gap, this paper presents a spatially explicit agent-based model stylized on the Detroit Tri-County area, an area witnessing shrinkage. Specifically, the model demonstrates how the buying and selling of houses can lead to urban shrinkage through a bottom-up approach. The results of the model indicate that, along with the lower level housing transactions being captured, the aggregated level market conditions relating to urban shrinkage are also denoted (i.e., the contraction of housing markets). As such, the paper demonstrates the potential of simulation for exploring urban shrinkage and potentially offers a means to test policies to achieve urban sustainability.
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Deffner, Jutta, Jan-Marc Joost, Manuela Weber, and Immanuel Stiess. "Bottom-Up Strategies for Shared Mobility and Practices in Urban Housing to Improve Sustainable Planning." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (March 8, 2021): 2897. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052897.
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Recent years have seen the development of numerous innovations in social, constructional, and transportation planning for different forms of communal housing. They illustrate how more sustainable practices in transport and land use can be achieved through the collective provision and use of space and mobility services. The question remains, however, of who needs to be involved in such bottom-up approaches and when in order to ensure their success. What changes are necessary to anchor these approaches in the wider context of urban and transport planning? This paper presents three examples of neighbourhood mobility concepts and the collaborative use of space and land. A research project accompanied the development of these concepts in a real-world laboratory design. The scientists used social-empirical methods and secondary analyses to evaluate social and ecological effects, economic viability and the process of joint development. The results show the high sustainability potential of such neighbourhood concepts: they enable residents to meet their mobility needs, while using fewer vehicles through shared use, reducing the number of journeys and changing their choice of transport. At the same time, promoting and developing community services has been shown to be inhibited by preconditions such as existing planning law. Opportunities and obstacles have been identified and translated into recommendations for action, focusing on municipal urban planning, transport planning, and the housing industry.
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Gish, Todd. "Bungalow Court Housing in Los Angeles, 1900-1930: Top-down Innovation? Or Bottom-up Reform?" Southern California Quarterly 91, no. 4 (December 2009): 365–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/41172493.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Bottom-up housing"
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MANZANO, MORAN CARLOS ALBERTO. "Processes of Social Innovation in Housing (SI-H) in Latin America: an approach for the comparative analysis of innovative bottom-up housing claim practices." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/392557.
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L'accesso a un alloggio adeguato è stato riconosciuto come una condizione direttamente collegata al benessere umano, diventata purtroppo un bene strategico per il mercato finanziario globale, provocando tensioni strutturali che raggiungono il loro apice nei contesti urbani alla periferia dello sviluppo neoliberista. In America Latina, l’instabilità socio-politica, il pensiero progressista (ad esempio, le teorie della Teologia della Liberazione e della Pedagogia degli Oppressi), il know-how tradizionale, la solidarietà e il mutuo soccorso e il sincretismo locale-europeo, hanno creato le condizioni per una tradizione accumulata bottom-up di auto-fornitura di alloggi, dove le persone che sono sistematicamente oppresse ed escluse hanno (ri)rivendicato il diritto all'alloggio e si sono impegnate in progetti politici più ampi. Riguardo a questo, sono stati fatti notevoli sforzi per descrivere la tradizione empirica che si è accumulata, ma ciò che è carente è il tentativo di collegare tale tradizione alle teorie urbane e sociali. Pertanto, questa dissertazione contribuisce proponendo lenti concettuali per osservare e comparare esperienze empiriche locali, in modo che i dati possano essere raccolti su scala regionale e alla fine si possano tradurre tali osservazioni in teorie.
Le condizioni abitative globali richiedono nuovi modi di pensare alla fornitura, alla gestione e al possesso di alloggi; quindi, dall'analisi di esperienze contro-egemoniche innovative si possono trarre lezioni preziose. Come metodologia è stata scelta l'analisi comparativa di casi studio e sono stati presi in considerazione alcuni principi derivanti da studi comparativi urbani postcoloniali. I casi di studio selezionati sono Sociedad Cooperativa de Vivienda Unión Palo Alto (Messico) e Asociación Cooperativa de Vivienda La Libertad 13 de Enero (El Salvador), entrambe hanno adattato i principi della rete uruguaiana di Cooperativismo de Vivienda por Ayuda Mutua (CVAM), che hanno ampliato in tutta l'America Latina e si distingue per la sua capacità di adattamento, resilienza, istituzionalizzazione e crescita.
I principali risultati della ricerca includono: primo, un modello preliminare per l'analisi comparativa in cui le ipotesi sono delineate sulla base di collegamenti concettuali provenienti da diverse tradizioni accademiche. Social Innovation (SI) fornisce una comprensione più ampia dei processi sociali alla base delle esperienze di Producción Social del Hábitat (Produzione Sociale di Habitat); Hope è riconosciuta come una forza collettiva per contrastare la stagnazione, organizzare azioni di rivendicazione dell'alloggio e fissare orizzonti raggiungibili basati sulle capacità territoriali; e Autonomy rappresenta il processo spazio-temporale di allineamento delle azioni di resistenza in una ricerca collettiva di autodeterminazione che implica la partecipazione agli spazi decisionali.
Secondo, un'analisi del quadro normativo nazionale, del sistema istituzionale del settore abitativo e dell'evoluzione di entrambi i casi studio. Terzo, un'analisi comparativa pilota di Social Innovation in Housing (SI-H) in cui le categorie concettuali del modello preliminare vengono messe a punto riflettendo sui risultati provenienti dal lavoro sul campo, inoltre, i dati vengono utilizzati per l'analisi incrociata. Quarto, i risultati delle interviste e delle testimonianze di esperti forniscono nuove prospettive per l'interpretazione dei dati e informano riguardo la mappatura dell'internazionalizzazione della rete di Cooperativismo de Vivienda por Ayuda Mutua (CVAM) in America Latina. Infine, le conclusioni sono organizzate sulla base dei quesiti di ricerca. Primo, sono conclusioni che riguardano collegamenti concettuali e alcune definizioni originali; secondo, sono conclusioni sul modello concettuale proposto e delle sue categorie più rilevanti; infine, c’è una serie di conclusioni del confronto pilota che potrebbero fornire ipotesi per la ricerca futura.Access to adequate housing has been acknowledged as a condition directly linked to human well-being that has however become a strategic commodity for the global financial market, causing structural tensions that reach their apex in urban contexts on the periphery of the neoliberal development. In Latin America, neoliberal principles have been widely adopted, and urbanization dynamics have reproduced socio-spatial exclusion and inequality. However, socio-political turmoil, progressive thinking (e.g., theories of Liberation Theology and Pedagogy of the Oppressed), traditional know-how, solidarity and mutual-aid, and local-European syncretism, have created the conditions for an accumulated tradition of bottom-up housing self-provision, where people that are systematically oppressed and excluded have (re)claimed their right to housing and engaged in broader political projects. Since the 1970s in Latin America, exemplary practices of organized bottom-up housing claims have emerged, institutionalized, informed governance structures, and been impactful in terms of housing provision. Over this, considerable efforts for describing the accumulated empirical tradition have been done, but less in trying to link it with urban and social theories. Therefore, this dissertation contributes by proposing conceptual lenses for approaching and comparing local empirical experiences, so data can be collected at a regional scale, and theorization can eventually be produced. Global housing conditions demand new ways of thinking about housing provision, management, and tenure; hence, valuable lessons can be drawn from the analysis of innovative counter-hegemonic experiences. Comparative case study analysis has been selected as the methodology and some principles coming from post-colonial urban comparative studies are considered. The case studies selected are Sociedad Cooperativa de Vivienda Unión Palo Alto (Mexico) and Asociación Cooperativa de Vivienda La Libertad 13 de Enero (El Salvador), both have adapted principles of the Uruguayan Mutual-Aid Housing Cooperative Network (CVAM), which have extended across Latin America and stands out due to their adaptability, resilience, institutionalization and scaling-up capacity. The main outcomes of the research include: First, a preliminary model for comparative analysis where assumptions are outlined based on conceptual linkages coming from different scholarly traditions. Social Innovation (SI) provides a broader understanding of the social processes underpinning the experiences of Producción Social del Hábitat (Social Production of Habitat); Hope is recognized as a collective force to counteract stagnation, organize actions of housing claim, and set an attainable horizons based on territorial capacities; and Autonomy represents the spatial-temporal process of aligning actions of resistance in a collective pursuit of self-determination that implies participation in decision-making spaces. Second, a comprehensive analysis of the national regulatory framework, the institutional system of the housing sector, and the evolution of both case studies in different periods. Third, a pilot comparative analysis of Social Innovation in Housing (SI-H) where the conceptual categories of the preliminary model are fine-tuned by reflecting over the results coming from the fieldwork, and data is used for cross-analysis. Fourth, results of the interviews and testimonies of experts which provide new perspectives for data interpretation and inform the mapping of the internationalization of Mutual-aid Housing Cooperatives (CVAM) network in Latin America. Finally, conclusions are organized in accordance to the research questions. First, conclusions regarding conceptual links and some original definitions; second, conclusions on the proposed conceptual model and some of its most relevant categories; third, a series of conclusions from the pilot comparison that could inform hypotheses for future research.
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Lorimer, S. W. "Modelling and validation techniques for bottom-up housing stock modelling of non-heating end-use energy in England." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1353704/.
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This thesis engages with different methods and validation techniques for bottom-up stock modelling of non-heating end-use energy of the residential sector. These end-uses are not the primary focus of current domestic energy models, and there is a unique opportunity to use actual electricity use data to build and validate models as electricity becomes exclusively used for these end-uses in England. The first contribution to knowledge is the creation of a validation set from aggregated electricity use data that has become available from small census areas of around 600 households using only areas with minimal estimated rates of electric heating. The second contribution is a method for using partial data from recent housing and energy surveys to update complete, but dated surveys by using household size and seasonal distributions. This enables a yearly updated model validated against actual aggregate energy use. This led to an annually updateable single-level model of non-heating end-use energy based on the predictors of household size measured by the number of rooms and the number of occupants. This uses linear regression on a square-root transformation of energy instead of the current natural logarithm transformation. The model is found to have a slight over-prediction (1.5%) of energy use when validated. The final contribution is an alternative approach where the model was allowed to vary on the household’s area. A hierarchical linear model of domestic energy was built based on 20 area classifications. There is a weak, but significant effect of additional energy use in households located inside area classifications with higher mean household sizes. This effect is highly significant when building age is taken into account. Although validation was difficult because building age data is limited, this result points to a neighbourhood-level influence that explains energy use beyond individual household size if precise location data can be made available.
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Darroman, Mélanie. "Renaissance de l'habitat participatif en France : vers de nouvelles formes négociées de fabrication de la ville ? Deux études de cas dans l'agglomération bordelaise : le projet HNord (Bordeaux) et La Ruche (Bègles)." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0485.
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Cette thèse interroge les effets combinés des enjeux d’un urbanisme durable et d’un impératif participatif grandissant des habitants – usagers – citoyens, dans le cadre de la fabrication métropolitaine contemporaine. Depuis le début des années 2000, des expériences alternatives d’habitat émergent en France sous l’impulsion de revendications sociales portées par la société civile. Le terme générique d’« habitat participatif », définit récemment par la loi pour l’Accès au Logement et à un Urbanisme Négocié (ALUR), publiée au Journal Officiel le 26 mars 2014, rassemble ainsi d’une même voix la variété de ces initiatives à l’œuvre, contribuant à pérenniser les dynamiques de structuration et de diffusion d’un mouvement de l’habitat participatif. Faisant référence aux expressions citoyennes contestataires des années 1970-1980, avec la critique d’un urbanisme moderne et des politiques publiques, les projets actuels marquent la renaissance des questionnements autour de la place de la maîtrise d’usage – incarnée par les habitants-usagers – dans la chaîne de production des logements et, plus largement, dans les processus décisionnels d’aménagement des territoires. Porteuse de pratiques participatives innovantes, la résurgence de l’habitat participatif révèle des logiques diverses d’engagements citoyens, militants ou professionnels, et des formes négociées de fabrication de l’habitat. Dès lors, s’opposent des dynamiques « bottom-up » – illustrées par des demandes et des initiatives habitantes, et des dynamiques « top-down » – portées par des instances politico-institutionnelles en plein renouvellement de leurs modes d’action et savoir-faire. Supportée par une trame multidimensionnelle de négociations, la thèse propose alors une analyse des interactions et des formes d’hybridation de cette production collective en cours à travers trois dimensions : la dimension valorielle, pour fixer le socle des transactions sociales ; la dimension organisationnelle et relationnelle, pour observer la micropolitique des groupes-projets ; la dimension processuelle, pour saisir les temporalités du projet et les moments clés de la négociation sur l’ensemble du processus. Pour cela, nous nous appuyons sur deux cas d’étude dans l’agglomération bordelaise, en pleine métropolisation : le cas de la coopérative d’habitants HNord, sur l’îlot Dupaty à Bordeaux ; et celui d’un projet d’habitat participatif multi-partenarial, La Ruche, sur la commune de Bègles au sein de l’Opération d’Intérêt National (OIN) Bordeaux-Euratlantique. Encadrée par un dispositif CIFRE avec l’Etablissement Public d’Aménagement Bordeaux-Euratlantique (EPA), la recherche repose sur une approche ethnographique, basée sur de nombreuses situations d’observation participante, des entretiens d’acteurs cibles et une analyse documentaire. Les enquêtes menées à différentes échelles offrent une vision macro, méso et microsociale des processus de production et de diffusion de l’habitat participatif. Les résultats de la thèse mettent alors en évidence les modalités de partenariats entre différentes sphères d’acteurs – les habitants, les institutions et les experts – dans la production de l’habitat participatif conduisant à un changement de paradigme sociétal et professionnel à travers le renouvellement des modes d’habiter, des savoirs et savoir-faire. Ainsi, nous proposons une réflexion sur les moyens et possibilités d’intégration de cette dynamique collective et citoyenne au sein des processus décisionnels d’aménagement urbain pour la fabrication métropolitaine et, de voir en quoi ce phénomène participatif et collaboratif peut-il constituer un outil de management territorial novateur préfigurant le futur de nos citésThis PhD thesis questions the combined effects of the challenges of sustainable urban development and a growing priority for inhabitants – users – citizens, to participate in contemporary metropolitan production. Since the early 2000s, there is in France an emergence of alternative housing experiences as a result of social demands. The generic term of « participative housing », recently defined by the bill for access to housing and urban renovation (ALUR), published in the Official Journal on March 26, 2014, gathers with one voice, the variety of these initiatives at work, contributing to ensure the dynamic structuring and dissemination of the participative housing movement. Referring to the civil protests of 1970-1980, criticizing modern urban planning and public policy, the current projects tackle once again of how to combine the inhabitants expertise with professional expertise in the production of housing, and more broadly in the decision-making processes of regional planning. Producing innovative participatory practices, the resurgence of participative housing reveals different logics of social commitments on the part of citizens, activists and professionals, and negotiated forms of housing production. As a consequence, the « bottom-up » dynamic, based on the demands and initiatives of the inhabitants, opposes the « top-down » dynamic, based on the initiative of politico-institutional bodies in full renewal of their modes of action and know-how. Supported by a multi-dimensional framework of negotiations, the thesis analyzes the interactions and forms of hybridization of this ongoing collective production through a three dimensional approach : the value related dimension, to set the base of social transactions ; the organizational and relational dimension to observe the micro-political groups-projects ; the procedural dimension to grasp the temporality of the project and the key moments of negotiation of the whole process. For this, we build on two case studies in the Bordeaux area, being subject to processes of metropolization : the case of the residents cooperative HNord in the Dupaty housing block in Bordeaux ; and the multi-partnered participative housing project, La Ruche, in the town of Bègles within the framework of the « Operation of National Interest » (OIN) Bordeaux-Euratlantique. Governed by a CIFRE program with the « Local Planning and Development authority » (EPA) Bordeaux-Euratlantique, the research is based on an ethnographic approach : participant observation, interviews with target stakeholders and a literature review. The investigations conducted at different scales offer a macro, meso and micro-social understanding of the process of participative housing production and dissemination. The results of the thesis highlight the partnership conditions between different groups of stakeholders – inhabitants, institutions and expertsn – in the production of participative housing leading to a societal and professional paradigm shift through a renewal of ways of living, knowledge and expertise. Thus, we propose a reflection on ways and possibilities how to integrate this collective and civic dynamics in the decision-making processes of urban planning for metropolitan production and to see how this participatory and collaborative phenomenon can serve as an innovative tool in territorial management for our future cities
Books on the topic "Bottom-up housing"
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A, Awotona Adenrele, ed. Housing provision and bottom-up approaches: Family case studies from Africa, Asia, and South America. Aldershot, Hants, England: Ashgate, 1999.
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Awotona, Adenrele A. Housing Provision and Bottom-Up Approaches. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.
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Awotona, Adenrele, ed. Housing Provision and Bottom-up Approaches. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429452390.
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Housing Provision and Bottom-Up Approaches: Family Case Studies from Africa, Asia and South America. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.
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Awotona, Adenrele. Housing Provision and Bottom-Up Approaches: Family Case Studies from Africa, Asia and South America. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.
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Awotona, Adenrele. Housing Provision and Bottom-Up Approaches: Family Case Studies from Africa, Asia and South America. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.
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Awotona, Adenrele. Housing Provision and Bottom-Up Approaches: Family Case Studies from Africa, Asia and South America. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.
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Awotona, Adenrele. Housing Provision and Bottom-Up Approaches: Family Case Studies from Africa, Asia and South America. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.
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Awotona, Adenrele. Housing Provision and Bottom-Up Approaches: Family Case Studies from Africa, Asia and South America. Ashgate Publishing, 1998.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Bottom-up housing"
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Newton, Peter W., Peter W. G. Newman, Stephen Glackin, and Giles Thomson. "Changing Attitudes to Housing and Residential Location in Cities: The Cultural Clash and the Greyfield Solution." In Greening the Greyfields, 121–33. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6238-6_6.
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AbstractThis chapter explores changes in attitudes and preferences—in other words, the underlying demand—for different types and locations of housing in Australia’s largest cities. Until recently, housing preferences have strongly favoured detached housing and low-density urban settings. This is now changing. This section reports on data from a major household survey that examined the attitudes of resident property owners in the middle suburbs of Sydney and Melbourne to neighbourhood change and medium-density housing development. It examines household preferences and trade-offs related to different ‘living arrangements’ (dwelling and location combinations) and attitudes to lot amalgamation and bottom-up redevelopment between neighbours. The survey identified clear shifts in ‘living arrangement’ priorities in the major capital cities that now reveal equivalent preferences for medium-density housing in established areas with good public transport versus detached housing in car-dependent suburbs.It highlights the lag in supply-side response by the property-development and building industries, as well as the missed steps by metropolitan and municipal governments in strategic planning and rezoning of established suburban greyfield precincts to accommodate medium-density housing at scale: in essence, GPR.
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Beier, Raffael. "Revisiting Stokes’ Theory of Slums: Towards Decolonised Housing Concepts from the Global South." In The Urban Book Series, 53–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06550-7_4.
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AbstractRecently, large-scale housing programmes have experienced a revival in many countries of the Global South. They are criticised for their top-down, standardised, and supply-driven nature, which hardly meets people’s demands. At the heart of the problem lies the concept of “material decency”—a normative and shelter-centric notion of housing, inspired by colonial planning and developmentalist thought. Many African housing programmes confuse “material decency” with the demand-driven, bottom-up concept, of adequate housing. Following this, the stigmatisation of autoconstructed neighbourhoods prevails and housing is primarily reduced to a question of material shelter. Adding to significant contributions about the need for southern perspectives on urban planning, this chapter offers an alternative entry point by revisiting Stokes’ A Theory of Slums published in 1962. Interestingly, Stokes’ theory did not deal with housing directly but focused on “slum” dwellers’ socioeconomic integration and structural factors of exclusion. I argue to re-interpret Stokes’ notion of barriers to social escalation as a structural discrimination of “slum” dwellers. Such stigmatisation may be read as a major reason behind the proliferation of so-called slums. Based on the author’s fieldwork in Morocco and additional literature, the aim is to deconstruct the role of “material decency” and to offer pathways towards decolonised housing concepts from the Global South. For this purpose, the chapter suggests five cornerstones of adequate housing, namely subjectivity, non-materiality, flexibility, contextuality, and choice.
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Roitman, Sonia. "Top-Down and Bottom-Up Strategies for Housing and Poverty Alleviation in Indonesia: The PNPM Programme in Yogyakarta." In Dynamics and Resilience of Informal Areas, 187–210. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29948-8_11.
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Hadler, Markus, Beate Klösch, Stephan Schwarzinger, Markus Schweighart, Rebecca Wardana, and David Neil Bird. "Life-Areas and How to Estimate Greenhouse Gas Emission Footprints." In Surveying Climate-Relevant Behavior, 37–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85796-7_3.
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AbstractTo enjoy a fulfilling life, a person needs six fundamental life requirements to be met. These six requirements or “life-areas” are housing, mobility, consumption of goods (e.g., clothing), diet, other activities (entertainment), and information. In the beginning of this chapter, a top-down estimate of Austrian consumption-based emissions in each life-area is presented. These are organized into segments that may be easily reduced by changing individual behavior and those segments that are fundamental aspects of our society. The remainder of this chapter discusses how to estimate the greenhouse gas (GHG) output. There is a trade-off between accuracy and level of detail, and the need to combine bottom-up survey results with the top-down national emissions inventory. How these trade-offs may be handled is demonstrated using a practical example.
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Lee, Cheon-jae. "Gender-sensitivity in land management: trajectory of housing, agriculture and land ownership in South Korea." In Land governance and gender: the tenure-gender nexus in land management and land policy, 91–99. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247664.0008.
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Abstract Using three major initiatives in support of gender sensitivity in land management in Korea, the article suggests that gender mainstreaming in land management can be achieved in the following ways: (i) governance rearrangements in spatial decision making;(ii) smart infrastructure concepts aligned with female elements and preferences; (iii) private public partnership (PPP) on women empowerment; and (iv) openness and transparency of gender disaggregated data. However, several important limitations also need to be considered when trying to adopt (or adapt) the Korean experience elsewhere. First, on the surface, all the projects and programs for gender sensitivity in land management demand bottom up and community driven decision making, but there still exists some top down culture and state directed approach in practice for aligning implementation to legal procedures. Second, the central and local governments consider to make project performance a priority rather than making the programmes (quality) better. Lastly, the government brought gender awareness into the policies and budgets of all agencies (gender responsive budgeting), allocation and implementation pathways can be problematic. Korea is yet to reach full awareness on these gender matters because there is still a lack of gender awareness in many government departments.
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Capanema-Alvares, Lucia. "Marginalization Through Mobility and Porosity: How Social Housing Dwellers See and Live the City." In The Urban Book Series, 141–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19748-2_10.
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AbstractUrban mobility in its broader meaning has become fundamental in neoliberal times, for it determines who gets what, how often, and at what cost. While motility is a component of mobility—together with connectivity and reversibility—defined by Kaufmann (2014) as a quality of the actor and/or of the dialectical relation between the self and the field of the possible, and accessibility concerns the structures necessary to take part in this possible, porosity is a quality of the territory and/or of the dialectical relation between space and society. The three of them inseparably carry the city dwellers’ possibilities of fulfilling their projects and wishes in the city territory. In order to start picturing how the society–space dialectic based on motility, accessibility, and porosity shapes daily social relations, especially where spatial justice is at stake, this study—part of the all-encompassing Action Research Project Mapping San Siro—surveyed 100 inhabitants of the Milanese neighbourhood. The resulting picture is a snapshot, a working scenario which helps bottom-up initiatives understand and focus on the most problematic, sometimes underlying aspects of marginality. While the quantitative results point to low-income inhabitants who work hard, use public transportation on an everyday basis, have few, if any, professional dreams, and feel reasonably welcome in a city they did not choose to live in, a number of qualitative results show that mobility (as a whole social phenomenon) problems can be deeper, not yet surfaced or voiced.
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Aravot, Iris. "Housing adaptable to changing conditions:." In Housing Provision and Bottom-up Approaches, 181–200. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429452390-8.
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Arimah, Ben C. "User modifications in public housing estates:." In Housing Provision and Bottom-up Approaches, 39–54. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429452390-2.
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El-Masri, Souheil. "Housing processes in war-tom areas:." In Housing Provision and Bottom-up Approaches, 201–22. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429452390-9.
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Rapoport, Amos. "On the relationships between family and housing." In Housing Provision and Bottom-up Approaches, 1–36. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429452390-1.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Bottom-up housing"
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Mendes, Leticia, José Beirão, José Duarte, and Gabriela Celani. "A Bottom-Up Social Housing System Described with Shape Grammars." In eCAADe 2013: Computation and Performance. eCAADe, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2013.2.705.
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Mohler, Richard. "Bottom-Up, Top-Down, and the Messy Reality of the In-Between." In AIA/ACSA Intersections Conference. ACSA Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.aia.inter.19.9.
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"This paper reflects my recent five-year experience as a practicing architect, educator and advocate embedded in the contentious fray of public discourse regarding housing and land use policy in Seattle. During this period I testified before city council regarding proposed housing-focused land use legislation, presented my analysis of that policy in professional and community forums, published opinion pieces in the Seattle Times, coordinated the housing advocacy efforts of AIA Seattle, conducted graduate-level design studios focused on the topic at the University of Washington, and presented the student work (often with students) in venues throughout the city. I ended this period of local advocacy in 2018, when I was appointed to the Seattle Planning Commission, although I continue to help coordinate AIA Seattle’s advocacy efforts as co-chair of its Public Policy Board."
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Ishida, Tatsuo, Shoji Yamamoto, Fujitoshi Eguchi, Motomasa Fuse, Kouichi Kurosawa, Sadato Shimizu, Minoru Masuda, Shinya Fujii, Junji Tanaka, and Bryce A. Jacobson. "BWR In-Core Monitor Housing Replacement Under Dry Condition of Reactor Pressure Vessel." In 10th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone10-22679.
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A new method of In-Core Monitor Housing replacement has been successfully applied to Tokai Unit 2 (BWR with 1100 MWe) in April of 2001. It was designed to replace a housing under dry condition of reactor pressure vessel (RPV): this enabled the elimination of water filled-up and drained processes during the replacement procedure resulting in the reduction of implementation schedule. To realize the dry condition, the radiation shields were placed in the RPV and the hollow guide pipe (GP) was adopted to transfer the apparatuses from the top to the bottom work area.
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Haar, Sharon. "Economies of Scale: Research-Driven Social Impact in the Housing Studio." In AIA/ACSA Intersections Conference. ACSA Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.aia.inter.19.8.
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"How do we engage and envision “bottom-up” social change in the context of the academic design studio? What does it look like, and how is it taught? This paper shares a novel research-based studio engaged with large-scale projects in the city of Detroit that diverges from the small-scale, often design-build projects most often undertaken in community- based practice in the academy. Framed by the context of a research-intensive academic institution—the University of Michigan—the pedagogy asks how can we educate students in the potential for social impact and capacity-building at scale? In parallel, how can we leverage the research capacities of a large student body to advance the study of affordable housing and neighborhood development in the context of a city such as Detroit?"
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Atkinson, Cheryl. "ZERO HOUS[ING] 1:1 Prototype + Process: Collaborative and Experiential Education in the Global Housing and Climate Crisis." In 2020 ACSA Fall Conference. ACSA Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.aia.fallintercarbon.20.35.
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Zero Hous[ing] is a recently built energy-neutral midrise housing prototype that investigated alternative sites, and alternative forms of practice and production. It used prefabrication and a carbon-sequestering palette to address the housing affordability and climate crisis. While it was produced and reads as a single-family house— it was designed to work as housing for metropolitan areas. This project considers urban typology, architectural design for aesthetics, function, health and well-being, and innovative construction methodologies to look at this problem from the bottom-up and across sectors. The objective was to build demand with consumers and industry for net-zero energy and carbon-sequestering housing by making a healthy and attractive architecture, creating site location and construction efficiencies, and demonstrating through this built prototype and its life-cycle cost and energy analysis, that it might be accessible to the many rather than the few. We realized this building with custom prefabrication and a deeply integrated design process engaging a cross-disciplinary team of professionals, educators, builders and students in all stages of the work. This project is remarkable for the ambition and scope of its definition of sustainable design (urban design, carbon footprint, energy use and construction methodology) and for its recognition that, in order to change existing paradigms we need to actively interact, and through experiments like this, develop new ways to design, build, and live collaboratively. This educational project integrated architecture, engineering, and business faculty and students at Ryerson University, Toronto Canada and an industry construction/education partner called The Endeavour Centre. We collaborated on this one-to-one scale prototype using Passive House principles, and prefabrication as an ethic. We built it using our industry partner’s team of apprentice carpenters and it is now being enjoyed as a full-time residence for its owner while we monitor its performance.
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O’Hern, Timothy J., John R. Torczynski, Jonathan R. Clausen, and Timothy P. Koehler. "Gas-Induced Motion of an Object in a Liquid-Filled Housing During Vibration: Part II — Experiments." In ASME 2017 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2017-69023.
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We develop an idealized experimental system for studying how a small amount of gas can cause large net (rectified) motion of an object in a vibrated liquid-filled housing when the drag on the object depends strongly on its position. Its components include a cylindrical housing, a cylindrical piston fitting closely within this housing, a spring suspension that supports the piston, a post penetrating partway through a hole through the piston (which produces the position-dependent drag), and compressible bellows at both ends of the housing (which are well characterized surrogates for gas regions). In this system, liquid can flow from the bottom to the top of the piston and vice versa through the thin annular gaps between the hole and the post (the inner gap) and between the housing and the piston (the outer gap). When the bellows are absent, the piston motion is highly damped because small piston velocities produce large liquid velocities and large pressure drops in the Poiseuille flows within these narrow gaps. However, when the bellows are present, the piston, the liquid, and the bellows execute a collective motion called the Couette mode in which almost no liquid is forced through the gaps. Since its damping is low, the Couette mode has a strong resonance. Near this frequency, the piston motion becomes large, and the nonlinearity associated with the position-dependent drag of the inner gap produces a net (rectified) force on the piston that can cause it to move downward against its spring suspension. Experiments are performed using two variants of this system. In the single-spring setup, the piston is pushed up against a stop by its lower supporting spring. In the two-spring setup, the piston is suspended between upper and lower springs. The equilibrium piston position is measured as a function of the vibration frequency and acceleration, and these results are compared to corresponding analytical results (Torczynski et al., 2017). A quantitative understanding of the nonlinear behavior of this system may enable the development of novel tunable dampers for sensing vibrations of specified amplitudes and frequencies.
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Yu, Je-Yong, Ji-Ho Kim, Hyung Huh, Myong-Hwan Choi, and Dong-Seong Sohn. "Verification of the Output Signal Change of Control Rod Position Indicator at the End of Its Life Time." In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-25236.
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The system-integrated reactor currently under development at the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute is being designed with a soluble boron-free operation and the use of a nuclear heating for the reactor start-up. The Control Element Drive Mechanism (CEDM) for the integral reactor is designed to raise and lower the control rod in steps of 2mm in order to satisfy the design features of the integral reactor which are the soluble boron-free operation and the use of a nuclear heating for the reactor start-up. The actual position of the control rod could be achieved to sense the magnet connected to the control rod by the position indicator around the upper pressure housing of CEDM. It is sufficient that the actual position information of the control rod at a 20mm interval from the position indicator is used for the core safety analysis. As the magnet moves upward along the position indicator assembly from the bottom to the top in the upper pressure housing, the output voltage increases linearly step-wise at 0.2VDC increments. Between every step, there are transient areas which occur by a contact closing of three reed switches, which is the 2-3-2 contact closing sequence. In this paper the output voltage signal corresponding to the position of the control rod is expected as the 2-1-2 contact closing sequence due to the aging of the magnet at the end of its life time. We verify that the output signal change at the end of the life time of the position indicator could not affect the operational performance of the position indicator. Also it is found that the voltage divider network for the output signal of the position indicator is designed to be robust and reliable during the aging process.
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Chen, Kaidong, Xiaoyu Zhong, Zaibin Cheng, Yingjie Lu, and Qiuhai Lu. "Identification of a Laboratory Slide Drilling Experiment: The Relationship Between the Top Drive Rotation and the Tool-Face Angle." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97322.
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Abstract Slide drilling refers to the technology of creating a predetermined non-vertical wellbore with a bent housing positive displacement motor (PDM). It is widely adopted in the area of directional drilling. In practical drilling operation, the top drive on the ground introduces an angular rotation to the top of the drill string, and the PDM at the bottom of the drill string rotates accordingly. When the bend is pointed to the desired direction, the adjustment of the PDM stops and the drill string slides without rotation to make a deviation. Up till now, the relationship between the top drive displacement and the direction of the bend, namely the tool-face angle (−180° ∼ 180°), is still unclear. In this research, an indoor slide drilling experiment is carried out, and the nonlinear relationship between the top drive input and the tool-face output is recorded. The hysteretic phenomenon observed is consistent with the in-field experience, and a single-input-single-output (SISO) system is established to describe this relationship. The Volterra/ Wiener neural network (VWNN) is introduced to identify this system, and provides a one-step prediction of the tool-face output. The predicted tool-face output is verified by the experiment data.
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Asanowicz, Katarzyna. "LIVEABLE CITIES – FOUR EXAMPLES OF THE URBAN REGENERATION." In GEOLINKS International Conference. SAIMA Consult Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2020/b2/v2/08.
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This paper is devoted to urban regeneration in the context of increasing the quality of urban space and creating a liveable city. The paper consists of four parts. The first part contains general considerations regarding urban regeneration and highlights that regeneration is an important issue driving the creation of contemporary urban space in Europe. In the second part of this paper results of the OIKONET project will be described and discussed in detail. OIKONET – A Global Multidisciplinary Network on Housing Research and Learning was a Lifelong Learning Programme of the European Commission. During a workshop, an international group of students and teachers from European Universities worked on urban rehabilitation of Kosančićev Venac in Belgrade. The third part presents an overview of the activities of the Urban Farmers movement, which aims to educate city residents on growing food in urban utilitarian gardens and on taking care for their neighbourhood landscape in an environmentally-friendly way. In the fourth part of the paper, ways to improve the situation in Bialystok through small scale urban acupuncture action undertaken by students on the Urban Design course are discussed. In conclusion, ethical land use patterns to reduce extreme economic disparities will be emphasized. The presented cases showed that many European countries have similar issues and highlight the need for bottom-up approaches to achieve sustainable communities. Making our cities liveable requires not only improving existing structures but it is also necessary to adopt strategies that intertwine environmental, social, psychological issues in the dynamics of renovation.
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Ejim, Chidirim Enoch, Jinjiang Xiao, Woon Yung Lee, and Wilson Andres Zabala. "Physical Testing of a High-Speed Helico-Axial Pump for High-GVF Operation." In SPE Middle East Artificial Lift Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206946-ms.
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Abstract High-speed rotordynamic pump operation for downhole or surface production is required and also beneficial to handle very high gas volume fraction (GVF) flows. Operating speeds of these pumps can be in excess of twice those of conventional pumps. This study presents results of a high-speed helico-axial pump (HAP) operating satisfactorily at intake GVFs up to 97%. The findings increase capabilities of field engineers and operators to boost and maximize production from high gas-content wells. The HAP tested had a housing outer diameter of 4.00-inch and operated at a rotational speed of 6000 revolutions per minutes (RPM). Air and water were the test fluids with the water volume flow rate held constant at 63 and 143 barrels per day (BPD), while the air volume flow rate at pump intake was varied from 550 to 3480 BPD, respectively. Intake pressures varied from 14 to 76 psig, with average temperature through the HAP of 20°C. The corresponding discharge pressures and pressure boosts were recorded for each test point of observed stable pump operation. The results showed that the HAP had stable operation during the tests for intake GVF range from 85% to 97%. Pump discharge pressures for this range of high intake GVF varied from 21 to 89 psig. The corresponding boost pressures across the HAP all had positive magnitudes indicating that at such high- speeds, the HAP was still able to add energy to the fluid even with the high gas content at intake. Analysis at fixed intake pressure with varying GVFs showed that the pressure boost decreased with increasing intake GVF. For instance, at 33 psig intake pressure, an 11% increase in intake GVF from 85% to about 95%, decreased the HAP pressure boost by about 21%. In conclusion, running a HAP at high speeds with suitable component features can result in stable pump operation and enhanced pressure boosting in high- GVF flows. The findings from this test indicates the HAP potentially has a wide operating envelope and can be optimized and scaled up to meet field production requirements. This study mainly highlights the importance of operating HAPs at high speeds of up to 6000 RPM. The wider operating envelope of the HAP provides a potential application to handle more gas in the field. This architecture opens up opportunities for field operators, and engineering personnel to maximize hydrocarbon production from their very high-gas content field assets, thereby increasing the economic bottom-line for the stakeholders.
Reports on the topic "Bottom-up housing"
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Aldubyan, Mohammad, Moncef Krarti, and Eric Williams. Evaluating Energy Demand and Energy Efficiency Programs in Saudi Residential Buildings. King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30573/ks--2020-mp05.
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This paper describes the development of the Residential Energy Model (REEM) for Saudi Arabia using an engineering bottom-up approach. The model can assess energy demand for the current residential building stock and the impact of energy efficiency and demand-side management programs. It accounts for the makeup and features of the Kingdom’s existing housing stock using 54 prototypes of residential buildings defined by three building types, three vintages, and six locations representing different climatic zones.