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Journal articles on the topic 'Botswana'
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1
Tshube, Tshepang, and Stephanie J. Hanrahan. "Coaching and Coach Education in Botswana." International Sport Coaching Journal 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/iscj.2017-0088.
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The purpose of this paper is to present the status of coaching in Botswana, particularly key developments in policies and practice. In addressing this purpose, authors referred to the National Sport and Recreation Policy, the Botswana National Olympic Committee (BNOC), the Botswana National Sport Commission (BNSC), and National Reports. The authors first give a brief overview of Botswana’s geo-political, cultural, and economic status. Following the contextualization of Botswana sports, the authors present available coach education programs and BNSC and BNOC plans regarding the development of coaches in Botswana. Topics include qualification, remuneration, and recruitment of coaches. In conclusion, the authors provide suggestions such as the development and implementation of coaches’ certification program and research.
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Ngewa, Gofaone, and Biyogo Nchama Vicente Angel Obama. "A Survey on Botswana’s Principal Resources and Investment Areas: China-Botswana Case Study." SHS Web of Conferences 190 (2024): 03027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202419003027.
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As one of the countries with many natural resources in Africa, Botswana is considered an ideal place for investors, and governmental and non-governmental institutions that are willing to improve their incomes and at the same time, make their contribution to the growth of African countries’ economy. This manuscript is an overview of Botswana’s natural resources and its administration policies; the special case China-Botswana economic and friendship trade development and benefits are analyzed, and the main investment areas and the potential investment areas in Botswana are presented, providing a good reference to investors who are whiling to invest in African countries economy in general, and in Botswana in particular.
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Sekakela, Kedibonye. "The impact of trading with China on Botswana’s economy." Journal of Chinese Economic and Foreign Trade Studies 9, no. 1 (February 1, 2016): 2–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcefts-09-2014-0022.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of trading with China on Botswana’s domestic and third markets. The paper also assesses the structure and magnitude of Botswana–China bilateral trade. Design/methodology/approach – The paper used descriptive statistics such as graphic analysis to describe and summarize the basic features of the data. To reach conclusions that extend beyond the immediate data alone, the study applied Chenery Decomposition Approach and also applied the extension of Constant Market Share (CMS) analysis. Findings – Botswana mainly exports primary products to China and imports intermediate and capital goods, which are mainly used as inputs in the development of infrastructure in the country. Increased imports from China into Botswana’s domestic market has mainly replaced imports from other countries, and China’s textile, clothing and footwear (TCF) exports gained market share from Botswana’s TCF exports in the third markets, i.e. South Africa. Unlike Lesotho, the loss of market share by Botswana’s TCF exports in the South African market increased over the period under study. The Botswana Government needs to consider ways of enhancing Botswana’s TCF export competitiveness and learn lessons from China in relation to enhancing productivity in the TCF and other exporting industries. Research limitations/implications – Because of lack of data, this paper failed to estimate the impact of import penetration in the manufacturing subsectors and analyze the rapidly growing Botswana–China bilateral trade in services. There has been no estimate of the impact of intermediate and capital goods on production costs of Botswana’s productive sectors. Lastly, because of lack of data, there have been no estimates of Botswana’s consumer surplus generated from consuming relatively low-priced goods from China. Originality/value – This is the first study to carry out an empirical analysis of the Botswana–China trade relation. The study will be of value to academia and to policymakers who are interested in studying the China–Africa relation.
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P.N, Baitsile, Motlaleng G.R., and Kahaka Z. "AN APPLICATION OF THIRLWALL'S MODEL TO BOTSWANA'S ECONOMIC GROWTH." INDIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS 4, no. 2 (2022): 229–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.47509/ijaeb.2022.v04i02.06.
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This paper estimates economic growth of Botswana using Thirlwall's and the Extended Thirlwall's models for the period of 1980-2016. Parameters from the Thirlwall's model shows the calculated growth rate of 5.63 percent while the actual growth rate was 6.52%. These growth rates are very close to each other. This indicates that price and income elasticities of exports and imports influence Botswana's economic growth. Our empirical findings support those of Matsheka (1998). These empirical findings suggest that the Thirlwall's law holds in Botswana. i.e., Botswana's economic growth rate is balance of payments constrained. The Extended Thirlwall's model showed lower growth rate of 4.26% which is less than the actual growth rate. This suggested that the productivity factor has not played a significant role in the economic growth of Botswana. This might not be surprising. Botswana's economic growth is driven by the growth of diamonds exports where productivity might not be easily measured like in the manufacturing and services industries. These findings are in contrast to those of Romero and McCombie (2016) when investigating the impact of relative productivity growth on trade performance on developed countries. It is recommended that Botswana should improve her exports diversification strategies to increase economic growth without deteriorating her balance of payments
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Makgala, Christian J. "Botswana-Bophuthatswana relations in the context of Lucas Mangope’s quest for international diplomatic recognition, 1977-1994." New Contree 86 (July 30, 2021): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/nc.v86i0.26.
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This article is an account of the relations between independent Botswana and her South African Black homeland neighbour of Bophuthatswana, whom Botswana steadfastly refused to recognise as a sovereign state. Bophuthatswana was used by South Africa to punish Botswana for assisting liberation movement groups such as the African National Congress (ANC) in their struggle against apartheid. Lucas Mangope, president of Bophuthatswana, tried to pressurize Botswana into recognising Bophuthatswana through diplomatic relations. Initially, he tried to capitalise on the common Tswana cultural heritage between Botswana and Bophuthatswana and their long common border to achieve his objective. The paper also looks at how Mangope sought to use PanTswana links and soft power on the main opposition party, Botswana National Front (BNF), to get the international recognition for Bophuthatswana. The focus then shifts to how a failed military coup that sought to oust Mangope in 1988 further strained the relations between Botswana and Bophuthatswana. Finally, the article discusses Botswana’s response to the demise of apartheid and Bophuthatswana in 1994. The paper adds to the corpus of literature on the contribution of Botswana to the liberation of South Africa and the Southern African region generally which President Mokgweetsi Masisi of Botswana rather mistakenly lamented in late June 2021 that it has been neglected in terms of documentation. This points to the need for teaching of the history of Botswana in the country’s education system which is currently very limited.
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Simon, Chedza. "Social media and culture clash: Examining cultural influence on Facebook crisis communication in Botswana." Communicare: Journal for Communication Studies in Africa 42, no. 2 (December 9, 2023): 30–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.36615/jcsa.v42i2.2468.
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Multicultural crisis communication in Botswana has become complex due to the country’s various ethnicities and cultures. Facebook remains a dominant communication platform, but traditional media is also used to cover organisational exigencies. However, there is a lack of research guiding public relations (PR) practitioners in multicultural crisis communication in Botswana, and this study addresses this gap. Semi-structured interviews with 20 Botswana PR practitioners revealed that they use Facebook to manage crises, but do not engage in online dialogue with the public. Instead, they post status updates and switch to offline cultural communication platforms for face-to-face dialogue. This article proposes and introduces a Botswana-focused model, the Cross Cloverleaf Relationship Model (CCRM), that probably resonates with similar contexts in Sub-Saharan African countries. The model facilitates authentic crisis communication between Facebook and the kgotla system, Botswana's traditional and cultural communication platform. I suggest that multinational companies may find the kgotla system helpful during emergencies in Botswana.
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Besada, Hany, and Ben O’Bright. "Policy Impacts on Africa’s Extractive Sector: Botswana, Diamond Dependence, and Diversification in the Post-Diamond Period." Revue Gouvernance 15, no. 2 (March 18, 2019): 86–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1058089ar.
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This paper investigates the topic of sustainable natural resource governance, and policy and politics thereof, in the context of Botswana. The authors endeavour to provide a preliminary justification for why Botswana, as a country of investigation, is a potential role model and a site of deep study for researchers of contemporary sustainable resource governance. This paper argues that the rest of Africa can learn from the Government of Botswana’s policies regarding multinational corporations operating in the mining sector, particularly in terms of attracting investment, but, too, Botswana could learn much from others in terms of economic diversification and linkage promotion.
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Nehrbass, Alexander. "Africa’s Miracle? Assessing Political Stability in Botswana." African Review 47, no. 1 (April 21, 2020): 209–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1821889x-12340015.
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Abstract Botswana has defied typical predictions scholars assign to countries that are wholly dependent on natural resources. Indeed, the country has succeeded in maintaining control of its natural wealth in diamonds, while effectively using this financial boon to establish a stable society. But how did Botswana succeed where so many other resource-rich African states have failed? I argue that the most prominent factors in Botswana’s success were astute leadership capable of garnering legitimacy through strategic economic and social management; Botswana’s ethnic homogeneity and the effective construction of a national identity; as well as the overall growth in standards of living promoted by the government’s sound financial and economic decisions. Despite identifying these accomplishments, I will introduce several looming concerns for Botswana’s political situation – including the country’s high unemployment rate, over-dependence on diamonds, as well as foreign policy dynamics that could provoke tumult in the nation. In the end, this paper should provide a snapshot of Botswana’s trajectory, and the elements that contributed to its impressively peaceful political climate, as well as a note of caution regarding possible dangers on the horizon.
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Seabo, Batlang, and Robert Nyenhuis. "Botswana’s 2019 General Elections: A Referendum on General Ian Khama." African Studies Review 64, no. 4 (November 23, 2021): 854–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asr.2021.69.
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AbstractOn October 23, 2019, Botswana held its twelfth free and fair election. For the first time in the history of Botswana’s electoral democracy, a former president (Ian Khama) defected from the ruling party and supported the opposition. The opposition coalition, working informally with Khama, mounted a spirited campaign against the well-oiled machine, the incumbent and long-ruling Botswana Democratic Party (BDP). Seabo and Nyenhuis reflect on the 2019 general election, analyze the outcome, and consider the implications for the future of Botswana’s electoral democracy. They argue that barring other factors, the BDP’s resounding victory was mainly a result of Batswana’s rejection of former president Ian Khama.
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Ghebremusse, Sara. "Good Governance and Development in Botswana – The Democracy Conundrum." Law and Development Review 11, no. 2 (June 26, 2018): 913–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ldr-2018-0041.
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Abstract Unlike many of its African neighbours, Botswana achieved levels of socio-economic development in spite of its abundant mineral wealth. Botswana’s effective management of its mineral resources also aided in its avoidance of the resource curse and corresponding weak institutions. The contribution of Botswana’s mineral wealth to its development best characterizes the country as a “resource-rich developmental state.” However, the correlation between democratic principles and institutions to Botswana’s developmental success was unclear. This paper examines the connection between democracy and development in Botswana by relying on the “thin” versus “thick” spectrum of democratic institutions expounded by Mariana Prado, Mario Schapiro, and Diogo Coutinho. The paper argues that Botswana’s institutions are not democratically “thick”; therefore, democracy and “good” governance, as its conceived neoliberally, do not explain Botswana’s development outcomes. Instead, this paper contends that David Trubek, Diogo Coutinho, and Mario Schapiro’s “legal functionalities” framework, which credits the success of development policies to four roles the legal system could play: (i) safeguarding flexibility, (ii) stimulating orchestration, (iii) framing synergy, and (iv) ensuring legitimacy, is better suited to explain the success of Botswana’s resource-rich developmental state.
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Amusa, Kafayat, and Temitope L. A. Leshoro. "The relationship between electricity consumption and economic growth in Botswana." Corporate Ownership and Control 10, no. 4 (2013): 400–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv10i4c4art3.
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Concerted effort to diversify Botswana economy, in recent years, has seen increased activity of major sectors, which includes higher reliance on electricity. The demand and consumption of electricity within the Botswana economy increased substantially from the 1980’s. However there have been shortfalls in the country’s electricity generation capacity causing increased reliance on imports from neighbouring countries especially South Africa. Given the importance of electricity in Botswana, this study examined the relationship between electricity and economic growth, employing bounds testing approach to co-integration. Results obtained confirmed the importance of electricity for Botswana’s economic growth. The result also passed a battery of diagnostic tests. This study recommends the need for energy policy reforms that will enable increased electricity production capacity.
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Oyetunji, Christianah. "Reorienting Leadership Styles for Sustainable Education." Journal of Teacher Education for Sustainability 13, no. 2 (January 1, 2011): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10099-011-0014-0.
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Reorienting Leadership Styles for Sustainable Education This paper describes the leadership style which can sustain education in Botswana community junior secondary schools (CJSS). The concept was examined based on the policy of education in Botswana, Botswana's vision for 2016 and the current situation in schools. Data was collected by means of a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews from a random sample of community junior secondary school teachers and head-teachers in Botswana. The data suggests that the head-teacher's leadership style affects teachers' and pupils' attitude towards a job and studies and that a participatory leadership style promotes sustainable education in schools. These findings can be useful for education policy makers, school administrators and researchers seeking to promote sustainable improvement in education.
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Lotshwao, Kebapetse, Robert Imre, and Jim Jose. "Democracy Assistance for Botswana: Maintaining the Status Quo in a Peripheral Capitalist Country." Journal of Developing Societies 35, no. 2 (June 2019): 205–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0169796x19843361.
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Given that Botswana is considered a stable democracy, the need for democracy assistance does not at first glance seem necessary. Yet, democracy assistance is an important feature of Botswana’s political regime. The rationale for democracy assistance is couched in terms of strengthening the country’s democratic institutions, enhancing the state’s capacity, and bolstering Botswana’s civil society. However, contrary to these stated objectives, this article reveals that democracy assistance serves the agenda of Western donor countries and certain multilateral institutions—an agenda concerned with keeping Botswana politically stable and its state institutions efficient so that the country is attractive to investors. This agenda is pursued at the cost of not making certain long overdue political reforms.
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Mupedziswa, Prof Rodreck, and Dr Duduzile Nkomo. "Informal Sector, Vulnerability and Social Protection in the COVID-19 Era: Issues, Challenges, Prospects and Lessons Learnt." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VIII, no. III (2024): 515–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2024.803038.
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The paper considers the plight of vulnerable groups operating in the informal sector in Botswana during the COVID -19 Era, and further explores the pragmatic initial responses to these challenges, by the Government authorities in Botswana. The purpose is to highlight lessons that other countries in the SADC region and beyond can glean from Botswana’s commendable initial responses to the impact of the COVID-19 induced measures on vulnerable groups, particularly those who derive their livelihoods from informal sector activities.
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Marobela, M. N. S., and Rudolph L. Boy. "The Hidden Hand of Neoliberal Global Institutions: The World Bank and the Reshaping of Botswana Public Sector." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 2, no. 2 (July 3, 2013): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v2i2.2040.
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This paper examines how powerful international institutions work to influence the reforms trajectory in the developing countries. A key dynamic that brings them to Botswana is the neoliberal agenda of the World Bank, which has been increasingly creeping into the public sector in many countries. For Botswana, this comes not as a surprise as the government is renowned for its strong conviction in the free market as a vehicle for development and prosperity. However, what is surprising is the idea being peddled by government bureaucrats that these changes are mainly initiated from within. It is argued that the involvement of networks of international organisations in Botswana’s reforms dispels this myth. The paper demonstrates how earlier concerns raised by the World Bank, of low productivity in Botswana became materialised with the assistance of a number of consultants from international institutions, who provided varied support to the government of Botswana. For example such assistance came in form of financial, intellectual, and training of government officers. It is from the role played by these international institutions that the national structures and mechanisms have changed the public service. This has eventually led to neoliberal reforms in the form of Performance Management System being the accepted dogma for improving productivity in the Botswana public service.
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Sechele, Unaludo. "From minors to equals? Kalanga women and marriage legislation in post-colonial Botswana, 1966-2005." Historia 67, no. 1 (June 16, 2022): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2309-8392/2021/v67n1a5.
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This article examines rural Kalanga women's reactions to marriage legislation in Botswana between 1966 and 2005. This legislation, it could be argued, fails to challenge the broader inequality which exists between women and men in Botswana. This becomes even more apparent when women are identified as belonging to a minority ethnic group and are resident in rural spaces. This article discusses how modernity, tradition-custom, and the law in Botswana converge today. It aims to demonstrate how some women reacted to the abolition of marital power, with a focus on how they perceive marriage. Focusing on rural Kalanga women, the study investigates reactions to Botswana's constitution of 1966, to the marriage laws of 1967, and the 2004 Abolition of Marital Power Act. Finally, it investigates the gendered impact of these laws - as well as the complex discourses surrounding marriage and human rights - on the lived experiences of Kalanga women. The article reflects on the divergent ways in which many women negotiated their struggle for recognition within their ethnic groups - while also circumventing their inferior position as wives under Botswana law and a patriarchal system. Some women in this study preferred to support a more 'traditional' form of inequality within the household. While this study cannot purport to represent all Kalanga women, it does ask important questions about the Botswana gender agenda and in so doing, raises questions of both the perpetuation of patriarchy and women's agency in Botswana.
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Sifani, John, J. Mugabe, and K. Matengu. "Comparative analysis of Namibia and Botswana’s national innovation systems." Namibian Journal for Research, Science and Technology 3, no. 2 (December 16, 2021): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.54421/njrst.v3i2.48.
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The main aim of this study was to compare the performance of the two National Systems of Innovation for Namibia and Botswana and how they influence national economic development & competitiveness. A mixed method research approach was applied to conduct a comparative analysis of Namibia and Botswana’s National Systems of Innovation for national economic competitiveness. Two phases were adopted, namely, quantitative research through survey questionnaire and qualitative research from generated thematic areas, i.e. characteristics of an effective national system of innovation; Namibia-Botswana Science, Technology and Innovation Policy Framework and Strategies; Science, Technology and Innovation Resources linked to Wealth Creation. It also established the Challenges faced by the two countries in implanting STI Policies & Strategies; Solutions needed to improve STI Policies and Strategies for Namibia and Botswana; the natural endowment for Namibia and Botswana; the role of Governments in improving economic competitiveness Furthermore, the study managed to establish the following key policy recommendation and suggested areas of further research to build an effective and efficient National System of Innovation, which is economically viable and helps build a nation’s competitive advantage.
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Maundeni, Zibani, Bontle Masilo, and Patience Petros. "Political Reforms for Prosperity and Political Resistance in Botswana." Asian Journal of Social Science Studies 2, no. 4 (November 20, 2017): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.20849/ajsss.v2i4.268.
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A people thought to be passive, weak and docile surprised many when they revolted against encroaching authoritarianism in their country - Botswana. What started under Ian Khama as the most feared and potentially productive regime turned out to be the most opposed and most beleaguered. How did this reverse happen? Many authors (including Good, Taylor and others) mistakenly assumed that Botswana’s civil society was too weak and fearful, and that it would not stand up to any dictatorship. In contrast, Botswana towards the end of 2011 had reached a point at which civil society constantly challenged and clashed with government, resisting growing authoritarian tendencies. The political scenario of mid 2011 characterised by a long drawn public service strike was the clearest signal that the president was no longer feared. This paper focuses on Khama’s political reforms and the political resistance that accompanied them. It argues that Ian Khama introduced several reforms that met lots of resistance that threatened the stability and sustainability of the Botswana society. The paper concludes that political reforms have left the Botswana society deeply divided, but alert.
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Bussmann, Christine, Philip Rotz, Ndwapi Ndwapi, Daniel Baxter, Hermann Bussmann, C. William Wester, Patricia Ncube, et al. "Strengthening Healthcare Capacity Through a Responsive, Country-Specific, Training Standard: The KITSO AIDS Training Program’s Sup-port of Botswana’s National Antiretroviral Therapy Rollout." Open AIDS Journal 2, no. 1 (February 29, 2008): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874613600802010010.
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In parallel with the rollout of Botswana’s national antiretroviral therapy (ART) program, the Botswana Ministry of Health established the KITSO AIDS Training Program by entering into long-term partnerships with the Botswana–Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership for HIV Research and Education and others to provide standardized, country-specific training in HIV/AIDS care. The KITSO training model has strengthened human capacity within Botswana’s health sector and been indispensable to successful ART rollout. Through core and advanced training courses and clinical mentoring, different cadres of health care workers have been trained to provide high-quality HIV/AIDS care at all ART sites in the country. Continuous and standardized clinical education will be crucial to sustain the present level of care and successfully address future treatment challenges.
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Bosupeng, Mpho, Janet Dzator, and Andrew Nadolny. "Exchange Rate Misalignment and Capital Flight from Botswana: A Cointegration Approach with Risk Thresholds." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 12, no. 2 (June 17, 2019): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm12020101.
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This study investigates the impact of exchange rate misalignment on outward capital flight in Botswana over the period 1980–2015. The study uses the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach to cointegration and the Toda and Yamamoto (1995) approach to Granger causality. Botswana’s currency misalignment was caused by current account imbalances. The most important determinant of capital flight from Botswana is trade openness, which indicates that exportable commodities are misinvoiced leading to net capital outflows. Our main findings show that in the long-run, when the currency is overvalued, the volume of capital flight through trade misinvoicing declines and increasing foreign reserves does not reduce outward capital flight. However, when the currency is undervalued, the volume of capital flight through trade misinvoicing increases and foreign reserves reduce outward capital flight. Investors respond more to prospects of devaluation than to inflation. Botswana should tolerate overvaluation of the pula of only up to 5%. When the pula is overvalued beyond 5%, capital flight increases substantially. The government has to formulate trade regulations and monitor imported and exported commodities. Botswana should also implement capital controls to limit capital smuggling and maintain monetary autonomy.
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Tautsagae, Mojadi Kevan, and Deli Wu. "Botswana Coal: Navigating Economic Diversification and Climate Commitments." European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences 2, no. 3 (May 1, 2024): 646–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.59324/ejtas.2024.2(3).49.
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This paper considers the ethical dilemma posed by the Paris Climate Agreement considering the abundant coal exploitation opportunities in Botswana. The estimated 200 billion tons of coal was initially viewed as an opportunity to diversify the Botswana economy away from diamonds. Coal is currently used locally for electricity production and other small scale domestic uses. This paper mainly discusses thermal coal as opposed to coking coal commonly referred to as Met-coal. Lucrative prices on world markets coupled with demand in India and China for coal, Botswana with its massive coal deposits, one of the largest in world, can develop a new export sector which would diversify the diamond dependent economy. In 2012 the Government of Botswana released a Coal Road Map as it then envisaged coal as one of the more propitious areas for economic diversification. However, the potential to develop this export sector has been seriously challenged by the Paris Climate Agreement decision to move away from coal. In the wake of this treaty countries like China and Japan have refocused their efforts in developing renewable energy and this has negatively hampered Botswana’s economic ambitions.
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Dinokopila, Bonolo Ramadi. "The Justiciability of Socio-Economic Rights in Botswana." Journal of African Law 57, no. 1 (February 27, 2013): 108–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855312000174.
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AbstractThe judicial enforcement of socio-economic rights remains a challenge in many countries. This is generally attributable to the inadequacy of a particular country's legal framework, in particular its constitutional framework. Given the importance of judicial remedies in litigation, in particular public interest litigation, this article considers possibilities for the judicial enforcement of socio-economic rights in Botswana. It discusses the institutional, legal and constitutional framework for the promotion, protection and fulfilment of socio-economic rights in the country. It also tackles the issue of whether the judicial enforcement of socio-economic rights is easily achievable when those rights are not constitutionally entrenched. The article also considers whether the absence of directive principles of state policy within Botswana's Constitution is a hindrance to the judicial enforcement of socio-economic rights in Botswana. Within that context, it highlights the possible means of judicial enforcement of socio-economic rights in Botswana.
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Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato. "Storing, Maintaining and Mobilizing Botswana National Museum’s Entomology Digital Collections: The GBIF/BID Approach." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (June 15, 2018): e26328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.26328.
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The Botswana National Museum is mandated to protect, preserve and promote Botswana’s cultural and natural heritage for sustainable utilization thereof by collecting, researching, conserving and exhibiting for public education and appreciation. The Entomology Section of the museum is aiming towards becoming the national center for entomology collections as well as contributing to the monitoring and enhancement of natural heritage sites in Botswana. The Botswana National Museum entomology collection was assembled over more than three decades by a succession of collectors, curators and technical officers. Specimens are carefully prepared and preserved, labelled with field data, sorted and safely stored. The collection is preserved as wet (ethanol preserved) or as dry pinned specimens in drawers. This collection is invaluable for reference, research, baseline data and educational purposes. As a way of mobilizing insect biodiversity data and making it available online for conservation efforts and decision making processes, in 2016 the Botswana National Museum collaborated with five other African states to implement the Biodiversity Information for Development (BID) and Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) funded African Insect Atlas’ Project (https://www.gbif.org/project/82632/african-insect-atlas). This collaborative project was initiated to move biodiversity knowledge out of select insect collections into the hands of a new generation of global biodiversity researchers interested in direct outcomes. To date, the Botswana National Museum has been instrumental through the efforts of this project in storing, maintaining and mobilizing insect digital collections and making the data available online through the GBIF Platform.
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CHIMBINDI, TAKAWIRA. "A Critical Analysis of Chieftainship Democracy in Botswana." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 10, no. 1 (January 12, 2023): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.101.13559.
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This paper seeks to provide a critical study and understanding of the concept of Chieftainship (bogosi) as it relates to the embracement of democracy in Botswana. It shows how bogosi has maintained its strategic position, administrative power and influence amongst attempts by the colonial and postcolonial states to undermine it. It maintains that bogosi has been able to adjust to changing socio-economic and political landscapes in Botswana. While the institution's powers have been slowly weakened by the government since independence. Chiefs and traditional institutions have used their legitimacy to strengthen their pliability. One can claim that chieftainship has been overtaken by events, it’s outdated, the reality is that the institution in Botswana has become central to government and cannot be cast-off. It is a traditional institution that plays a vital role in Botswana's socio-political and economic system. The blending of the traditional Kgotla system and the modern democracy gives a dichotomy of dualism of tribal- government on the one hand and a western styled central government on the other yet well connected and balanced for bringing development to Batswana. This paper is not empirically grounded, and its content is a result of desktop and content analysis of literature from articles of authors that talked about Botswana chieftainship system. The paper hopes to trigger and provoke further deliberations and empirical studies on the contribution of Kgotla political system to transformation of democracy in Botswana.
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Madebwe, Tinashe, Emma Chitsove, and Jimcall Pfumorodze. "Giving effect to the human right to a clean environment in Botswana." Environmental Law Review 23, no. 1 (March 2021): 23–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461452921995152.
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Environmental deterioration remains a concern in Botswana. Despite efforts being made to address this issue by the state, more needs to be done in this regard. This is particularly interesting in the light of reports that the country is looking to draft a new constitution. Against this backdrop, this article considers whether including environmental rights in Botswana’s constitution would advance environmental protection efforts. To this end, the article relies on experiences with rights drawn from different jurisdictions across the world, as well as commentary on these experiences, to build a tool for measuring the extent to which the turn to environmental rights holds value in a given jurisdiction. Using this tool, and drawing from experiences in looking to establish environmental rights in Botswana, the article measures the extent to which including the right in the constitution would hold value in advancing Botswana’s pursuit of environmental protection objectives.
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Cole, Rowland JV. "Validating the Normative Value and Legal Recognition of the Principle of Equality of Arms in Criminal Proceedings in Botswana." Journal of African Law 56, no. 1 (December 21, 2011): 68–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855311000222.
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AbstractThe principle of equality of arms is firmly entrenched in the jurisprudence of international tribunals, but hardly at all in domestic systems. This article argues for the principle to be applied in Botswana's adversarial system, as a way of ensuring procedural equality and enhancing fair trials. After examining the normative value of the principle, the article refers to a number of domestic jurisdictions that have applied the principle. It also examines the general acceptability of equality and fairness in Botswana case law. This represents a foundation for applying the principle in Botswana. The principle was developed by the European Court of Human Rights, creating its own concept of fairness in trials, irrespective of the position in domestic systems. Since the principle is of international origin, it is necessary to note that “judicial territoriality” and Botswana's dualist system do not pose obstacles to the application of the principle.
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Slone, Jeremy S., Amanda K. Slone, Oaitse Wally, Pearl Semetsa, Mpho Raletshegwana, Susan Alisanski, Lisa M. Force, et al. "Establishing a Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Program in Botswana." Journal of Global Oncology, no. 4 (December 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.17.00095.
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Purpose Annually, 300,000 children are diagnosed with cancer, and the majority of these children live in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Currently, there is incomplete information on pediatric cancer incidence, diagnosis distribution, and treatment outcomes in Africa. Since 2007, a pediatric hematology-oncology program has been operating in Botswana through a partnership between the Botswana government, Baylor College of Medicine, and Texas Children’s Hospital. Methods To better understand patient characteristics and outcomes at Botswana’s only pediatric cancer program, a hospital-based data base—the Botswana Pediatric Oncology Database—was established in 2014. Children younger than 18 years of age at the time of diagnosis who presented between 2008 and 2015 were included. Data for this study were extracted in February 2016. Results Of the 240 potential enrollees, 185 (77%) children met eligibility for this study. The median age was 6.4 years, and 50.8% were male. Leukemia was the most common malignancy representing 18.9% of the cohort and 88.1% of the total cohort had a histopathologic diagnosis. HIV seropositivity was confirmed in 13.5%. The 2-year overall survival of all pediatric cancer diagnoses was 52.4%. Abandonment of treatment occurred in 3.8% of patients. Conclusion In the first 9 years of the program, capacity has been developed through a longstanding partnership between Botswana and Baylor College of Medicine/Texas Children’s Hospital that has led to children receiving care for cancer and blood disorders. Although continued improvements are necessary, outcomes to date indicate that children with cancer in Botswana can be successfully diagnosed and treated.
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Jones, David Seth. "Combating corruption in Botswana: lessons for policy makers." Asian Education and Development Studies 6, no. 3 (July 10, 2017): 213–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeds-03-2017-0029.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess the success and challenges of the government of Botswana in combating corruption, and the lessons that policy makers may draw from this experience. Design/methodology/approach A range of sources are used including on-line materials from Botswana Government websites, DCEC annual reports, reports and on-line materials of international organisations, press articles, conference papers, two theses, articles in journals and chapters in edited collections. Findings The paper considers the factors that contribute to the success of the Botswana Government in combating corruption. It finds that the role of the anti-corruption body, the Directorate of Corruption and Economic Crime (DCEC) has been crucial in this endeavour, including its investigative and enforcement work, and also its prevention and education programmes. The progress in combating corruption can also be attributed to procurement reform, measures to reduce red tape and bureaucratic procedures affecting businesses, competition regulation to reduce collusion and bribery, political and parliamentary accountability, and not least political will of Botswana’s leaders to stamp out corruption. In addition, challenges facing the anti-corruption programme are considered, including capacity constraints in the DCEC and the Directorate of Public Prosecutions, and the failure of the courts in some cases to bring to book those in high places who have allegedly committed corruption offences. The paper identifies a number of lessons that can be drawn from Botswana’s experience. In conclusion, the paper points to the need for political will to be sustained in light of evidence that it may have recently weakened. Practical implications The paper provides lessons for policy makers in tackling corruption. Originality/value The paper is a further contribution to the existing scholarly literature on the anti-corruption programme in Botswana.
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Holm, John D. "Botswana." Current History 93, no. 583 (May 1, 1994): 198–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.1994.93.583.198.
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Quansah, EK. "BOTSWANA." Human Rights Law in Africa Online 2, no. 1 (2004): 903–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221160604x01098.
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Human Rights Law in Africa, Editors. "BOTSWANA." Human Rights Law in Africa Online 3, no. 1 (1998): 247–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221160698x00249.
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Takirambudde, Peter. "Botswana." Human Rights in Development Online 2, no. 1 (1995): 127–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221160895x00079.
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Wills, Adrian, and Howard Moffat. "Botswana." Practical Neurology 5, no. 6 (December 2005): 373–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-7766.2005.00342.x.
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Taolo, Resego. "Botswana." Performance Measurement and Metrics 13, no. 1 (March 16, 2012): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14678041211228689.
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Osei‐Hwedie, Bertha Z. "Botswana." South African Journal of International Affairs 12, no. 1 (June 2005): 25–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10220460509556747.
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Zapata González, Carlos Eduardo. "Botswana." El Outsider 8 (June 5, 2023): 19–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18272/eo.v8i.2828.
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The Republic of Botswana, with its tangible prosperity in the achievement of wellbeing for its population after surmounting adverse challenges, constitutes a singularity in comparison to the pathways followed by other Global South countries, and therefore provides an interesting case for the analysis of the diverse factors that may positively contribute towards desired development paths. In that regard, this academic work exposes an assessment of these factors, their effect on the political, ethnocultural, economic, and legal aspects of the state, as well as the perceived influence they have on the desired outcome. Succinct recommendations are also provided based on the sources reviewed.
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Northfield, Bill, Trever Lessard, and Laszlo Buzas. "BOTSWANA." High-Level Summary Technical Assistance Reports 2023, no. 002 (March 2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9798400235467.029.
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Mocheregwa, Bafumiki. "The Police Mobile Unit." Journal of African Military History 3, no. 2 (December 19, 2019): 93–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24680966-00302001.
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Abstract This article examines the local and regional contexts surrounding the creation and evolution of the Police Mobile Unit (PMU), Bechuanaland’s (Botswana today) paramilitary unit that was created in 1963 to contain internal riots. After Botswana’s independence in 1966, the PMU acted as a quasi-military because the country had no armed force to preform those duties. This was because from the mid-1960s, Southern Africa was marred with bloodshed due to armed struggles in Rhodesia, South Africa among others. Botswana then became a safe haven for fleeing guerrillas who would enter the country illegally. Being the only line of defence, the PMU was quickly militarised and tasked with patrolling Botswana’s borders in order to arrest those guerrillas and possibly avoid being attacked by security forces of both Rhodesia and South Africa. This however did not work as planned because the PMU was simply too small and ill equipped for the task.
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Quansah, E. K. "The Ombudsman Arrives in Botswana: A Note on the Ombudsman Act, 1995." Journal of African Law 39, no. 2 (1995): 220–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855300006367.
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The enactment of the Ombudsman Act, 1995, marks Botswana's belated, albeit welcome, membership of the world-wide movement to enhance governmental administration. The Act brings to fruition the deliberations of an international conference on the suitability of the Ombudsman institution in Botswana held in Gaborone in 1993. The need for such an institution to complement the country's democratic institutions was made clear at that conference by the then Minister for Presidential Affairs and Public Administration who was quoted as saying:‘The wide acceptance of the Ombudsman institution and the fact that it has been incorporated in recent constitutional reforms in other countries requires that we in Botswana give serious consideration to it at this point in time.’
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Rees, D. J. "Crop Growth, Development and Yield in Semi-arid Conditions in Botswana. II. The Effects of Intercropping Sorghum Bicolor with Vigna Unguiculata." Experimental Agriculture 22, no. 2 (April 1986): 169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700014241.
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SUMMARYPlant growth, development and yield were monitored in sorghum/cowpea intercropping trials in Botswana during the drought seasons of 1982/3 and 1983/4. The cowpea proved to be more competitive than sorghum in these arid conditions, resulting in substantial increases in sorghum mortality and developmental delay, and substantial decreases in sorghum leaf area indices, dry weight production and grain yield. Intercropping in standard rows at medium plant densities resulted in Land Equivalent Ratios considerably less than 1.0, in contrast to earlier trials in Botswana in higher rainfall years which demonstrated intercropping advantages. Low density, wide row intercropping resulted in some small intercropping advantages, suggesting that this treatment may have potential in Botswana's variable climatic conditions.
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Porogo, Keneilwe Margret. "Digital preservation regulatory frameworks for e-government infrastructure in selected Ministries of Botswana." Journal of the South African Society of Archivists 55 (November 8, 2022): 137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jsasa.v55i.10.
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This study assessed the digital preservation regulatory frameworks for digital records infrastructures in selected ministries in Botswana. Several research studies have been conducted but they did not clearly provide the regulatory frameworks affecting the preservation of digital records in the Botswana public service. The study adopted a pragmatic paradigm and embedded mixed method approach, whereby a cross-sectional survey and case study were deployed in each of the six selected ministries as a unit of analysis. Few ministries had implemented electronic records management systems that were not capable of preserving digital records even though they were expected to provide reliable, authentic and understandable records. The results revealed Botswana's weak legal system for digital records preservation.
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Spees, Lisa P., Jenny H. Ledikwe, Nora J. Kleinman, Conrad Ntsuape, Bazghina-werq Semo, Scott Barnhart, and Kathleen E. Wirth. "Immediate Motivators to Seeking Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Among HIV-Negative Adult Men in an Urban Setting in Botswana." AIDS Education and Prevention 31, no. 2 (April 2019): 136–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/aeap.2019.31.2.136.
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Randomized trials have shown that voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) significantly reduces HIV acquisition risk in men. We sought to identify subpopulations of Botswanan men with high levels of VMMC uptake by comparing an observational cohort of men presenting for circumcision services at two high-volume clinics in Botswana's capital city, Gabo-rone, with a matched, population-based random sample of uncircumcised men. Among these high uptake VMMC subpopulations, we then examined the immediate factors that play a role in men's decision to seek VMMC services. As compared to their population-based controls, men choosing to undergo circumcision were more likely to be ages 24–34, more highly educated, to have a religious affiliation, and in a serious relationship. Our results suggest that married men and highly educated men were more likely to pursue circumcision for personal hygiene reasons. These findings have direct implications for targeted demand creation and mobilization activities to increase VMMC uptake in Botswana.
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Saarinen, Jarkko, Naomi Moswete, and Masego J. Monare. "Cultural tourism: new opportunities for diversifying the tourism industry in Botswana." Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 26, no. 26 (December 1, 2014): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bog-2014-0041.
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Abstract Botswana is known as a wilderness and safari-tourism destination, which attracts high-end overseas visitors to the country. Since the 1990s the country’s tourism policy has been based on a so called ‘High Value - Low Volume’ (HVLV) strategy referring to the aim of attracting limited numbers of tourists with high expenditure patterns. However, while such tourism operations have contributed to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the country and offered investment opportunities for international companies, the position of Botswana as a HVLV destination is increasingly criticised. It is seen as offering too narrow prospects for the growth of the industry and for the local participation and benefit sharing in tourism in future. Hence, there is a need for diversification of the product with deeper involvement of local people to tourism. Therefore, communities and Botswana’s cultural and heritage attractions are increasingly seen as one of the future cornerstones of tourism development. This paper provides an overview of cultural tourism with specific reference to existing cultural and heritage attractions and the potential thereof for tourism in Botswana. The paper concludes that while the role of culture is still underutilised in tourism, the cultural tourism in Botswana has the potential to contribute to a more equitable distribution of tourism-based development and the related benefits for local communities.
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Hamaluba, Tommie. "Advancing Vocationalization of Open Schooling in Botswana: Addressing Critical Skills Gaps and Alleviating Unemployment." Education, Society and Human Studies 4, no. 3 (September 10, 2023): p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/eshs.v4n3p1.
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Vocationalization of open schooling is paramount for Botswana, a nation dedicated to sustainable development and economic growth. This article emphasizes the urgent need to integrate vocational education within the open schooling framework, focusing on its potential to address skills gaps, empower marginalized groups, and contribute to Botswana’s knowledge-based economy. By equipping the youth with relevant skills, vocationalized open schooling offers a pathway to alleviate future unemployment challenges. This article estimates the demographic potential benefiting from this approach, particularly the youth population of Botswana. Vocational education stands as a strategic imperative for Botswana, aligning with its goals of inclusive growth and equipping learners with practical skills that match industry demands. The convergence of vocational education and open schooling holds transformative power, providing accessible and relevant education to those historically excluded while preparing a capable and adaptable workforce. In a nation of approximately 2.35 million people, the youth represent both its strength and promise. Vocationalized open schooling emerges as a conduit to empower this demographic, ensuring they possess skills that align with industry needs and fostering a generation poised to contribute to the nation’s aspirations for progress and prosperity. As Botswana navigates the complexities of a changing global landscape, the integration of vocational education into open schooling shines as a beacon, illuminating pathways to employability, innovation, and socio-economic advancement.
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Molosiwa, Phuthego Phuthego, and Maitseo M. M. Bolaane. ""A peaceful country": Refugees, masculinities and anti-radical national identity in early postcolonial Botswana." Historia 66, no. 2 (November 1, 2021): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2309-8392/2021/v66n2a3.
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Here, we tell the story of early postcolonial Botswana's struggles to refine its citizenship model in the midst of a hostile political environment between the 1960s and 1980s. While being one of the "most peaceful" countries in the region at the time, and in order to stem the tide of militant immigrants, the majority of whom were men, Botswana opted to narrow its citizenship model. Many refugees and exiles were denied citizenship because their "radical masculinities" appeared to present a threat to the existing peace in the country. The article deals with the important question of how Botswana's historically rooted, patriarchal gender regime influenced the country's refashioning of its citizenship model against the backdrop of the influx of exiles and refugees of wars of independence. We draw largely from existing scholarship on Botswana's role in the liberation struggle. In addition, the extant refugees archive, letters to the editor of the Kutlwano magazine, Seretse Khama's speeches and the Botswana Citizenship Act of 1982/1984 provide primary accounts of how the government and the public attempted to develop and achieve a peaceful, anti-radical national identity during this tumultuous period.
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Mogaetsho, Khumo, John Masson, and Farai Nyika. "The Influence of Geological Potential and Investment Climate on Botswana’s Competitiveness." Global Journal of Economic and Business 14, no. 2 (April 2024): 179–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.31559/gjeb2024.14.2.8.
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Objective: This article's objective is to evaluate Botswana's attractiveness to investors in mineral exploration. Botswana's competitiveness and ability to attract exploration and mining investment have declined in recent years. Method: Questionnaires were used as part of a mixed methodology to collect data that was subjected to empirical analysis. From a possible 231 respondents including exploration and mining companies, mining consultants, a research firm, and a mining association, a representative sample of 100 were chosen and given the survey through a stratified random sampling process. The data was analyzed using SPSS and both descriptive and inferential analyses were utilized. Result: This study finds that Botswana is only moderately successful in luring exploration investment. Botswana's ability to entice exploration investment is influenced by factors including the country's political stability, mining tax, mineral policy, license approval, quality of geological data, availability of skilled labor, adequate infrastructure, a streamlined licensing process, effective relevant institutions, and clear rules and regulations. Conclusion: The study recommends that Botswana regulators should consider improving mining tax incentives and continue removing bureaucratic requirements that delay the licensing process, as this may result in a more favorable mining environment that encourages both domestic and international mining interests.
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Bwalya, Kelvin Joseph. "Botswana's Novel Approaches for Knowledge-Based Economy Facilitation." International Journal of Information Communication Technologies and Human Development 2, no. 1 (January 2010): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jicthd.2010010104.
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The Vision 2016, which is a set of strategic plans desired to position Botswana at the completive edge of the socio-economic hierarchy in Africa, is being implemented with concerted efforts from both the private and the public sector, including ordinary citizens. One of the major motivations for drawing this strategy has been the desire to transform Botswana from a resource and industry-based (e.g. agriculture and diamond mining) to knowledge-based economy. This has come from the realisation that in order to compete favourably at a global scale, there is need to put in place efficient knowledge value chains. To this course, several initiatives have been devised and/or implemented by both the government and the public sector. This article surveys the fundamental concepts on which this paradigm shift is hinged and brings out the different issues, initiatives and policies (such as Information and Communications Technology development, nurturing of an appropriate human resource base by way of strategic human resource development plans, investment in intellectual capital, etc.) that have been done so far in Botswana. The article, however, does not claim that it offers a compendium of existing programs towards a knowledgebased economy initiated by Botswana. The article posits that although significant strides have been scored in Botswana’s efforts towards a knowledge-based economy, a lot more needs to be done if it were to compete favourably at an international stage.
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Azarkina, Galina N., and Stefan H. Foord. "Further notes on the Afrotropical genus Festucula Simon, 1901 (Araneae, Salticidae)." ZooKeys 1185 (December 1, 2023): 285–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1185.110365.
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Notes on four Festucula species are provided. One species, F. botswanasp. nov., is described as new to science (♀, Botswana). The name F. monticola is revalidated and the male of this species is assigned. The female of F. lawrencei is described for the first time. A new record of F. leroyae is provided.
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Poteete, Amy R. "Electoral competition, factionalism, and persistent party dominance in Botswana." Journal of Modern African Studies 50, no. 1 (February 27, 2012): 75–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x11000619.
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ABSTRACTThe Botswana Democratic Party (BDP) has maintained a super-majority in the National Assembly for over forty years despite increasingly competitive elections. Several factors contribute to the BDP's continued legislative dominance, including features of the electoral system, fragmentation of the party system, and obstacles to strategic voting behaviour. Factional competition has played a particularly important role. Botswana's political institutions encourage factional competition, and factionalism interacts with the electoral system to hinder consolidation of the party system. Botswana's experience underlines the importance of internal party dynamics and their interaction with features of the electoral and party system in enabling the persistence of legislative dominance in competitive electoral systems.
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Ghebremusse, Sara. "Application of Y.S. Lee’s General Theory of Law and Development to Botswana." Law and Development Review 12, no. 2 (May 27, 2019): 403–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ldr-2019-0017.
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Abstract Botswana has achieved significant socio-economic development despite its low-income status in 1966 when colonial rule ended, earning it the status of an “African success story” and “African miracle”. Botswana’s development was achieved in great part to its abundance of natural resources (diamonds), in contrast to other African countries that displayed conditions affiliated with the “resource curse”: corruption, rent-seeking behaviour by the ruling class, Dutch disease, declining terms of trade, the absence of economic diversification, and even civil conflict. Despite its extensive coverage in political economy and development studies literature, Botswana’s socio-economic development has yet to be interrogated through a law and development lens. Yong-Shik Lee offers a theoretical framework to conduct such an analysis in his article, General Theory of Law and Development, which proposes that law directly impacts development through three categorical Regulatory Impact Mechanisms: regulatory design; regulatory compliance; and quality of implementation. This article applies Lee’s theory to Botswana, making it one of the first applications of Lee’s theory to an African case study.