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Arellano-López, Sonia. "The social construction of trade in the Bechuanaland Protectorate." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2008.
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Mompati, Mothusi Glendon. "A first step towards zero down time : the creation of synergy through equipment acquisition within the constraints of a small budget in an Army with civilian oversight : a case of the Botswana Defense Force (BDF) /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA435570.
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Matlhare, Boitshoko. "An evaluation of the role of the Directorate on Corruption and Economic Crime (DCEC) Botswana." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8172_1182746682.
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In this research report, I evaluate the role of the Directorate on Corruption and Economic Crime (DCEC) which was established by the Government of Botswana in 1994 to play a major role in the fight against corruption and economic crime in the country. I establish what led to the formation of the DCEC and assess whether the DCEC has met its aims and objectives. I also evaluate the legislation that gives the DCEC the powers to fight corruption and economic crime and ascertain if it is sufficient and effective.
I explore the challenges and constraints faced by the DCEC, and assess the effectiveness of the three-pronged strategy adopted by it in combating corruption and economic crime in Botswana. I critically evaluate the successes and failures of the DCEC and find whether the public expectations for the DCEC have been met.
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Suresh, Shashidhar, and Vinodhkumar Vijayakumar. "Waste management in Botswana." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Industriell miljöteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-75015.
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Waste is anything which is considered to be no longer useful to anyone. In reality, it actually possesses the ability to be the raw material for several other processes and applications. Improper handling of wastes could result in several environmental hazards such as air pollution, soil erosion, methane emissions, low birth rate and others. In developing countries, proper handling of wastes is one of the important topics to be focussed from an environmental perspective. This thesis aims to propose an improved waste collection system in Gaborone through investigating the current waste management practices in Gaborone from different perspectives. Several stakeholders were interviewed for gathering information related to the present waste legislations, waste collection, treatment, and disposal methods. A composition study was also conducted along with the other research teams in order to support the objective of this thesis. The results shows that the current waste management practices has certain flaws which the management has to overcome in order to avoid the environmental impacts caused by the waste generation in Gaborone. Basic Recycling and treatment facilities are absent in Gaborone. The local government do not have any updated plans for the proper handling of wastes. The obtained results are critically analysed to showcase the existing flaws in the waste management practices, and using the state of the art knowledge in waste management the research team suggests an improved waste collection system for Gaborone considering the economic and environmental conditions.
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Lesotlho, Patrick. "An investigation of the determinants of private investment: the case of Botswana." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_3369_1189596802.
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Private investment in Botswana as well as a ratio to Gross Domestic Product has been falling in some periods of 1976-2003. Viewed against the background of growing evidence of a link between investment and economic growth, an inconsistent and downward trend in Botswana's private investment is a matter of concern. Several studies in developing countries emphasize the importance of macroeconomic policy in explaining variations in investment, an in particular, identify the microeconomic determinants of private investment to include interest rates, output growth, public investment, bank credit to the private sector, inflation, real exchange rate, and the level of trade. This study evaluated the macroeconomic determinants of private investment in Botswana by means of a regression analysis based on the co-integration and Error Correction Model of Engle and Granger (1987).
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Thomas, Jullian. "Promotion of small tourism enterprises (STES) as a tool for development : case study – Tsodilo community." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97428.
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Thesis (MDF)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Small tourism enterprises are a driving force in tourism economies. Support for small tourism enterprises seeks to address the challenges they are facing that hinder their business growth and their input into the tourism economy. This study investigates the available support programmes and interventions that are provided by the government of Botswana to promote Small Tourism Enterprises. The significant contribution of small enterprises to local communities has thus seen the prioritizing of small business support and development by the government as a crucial point. Nevertheless, these small enterprises are often faced with many challenges that hold them back to compete with established businesses. The government of Botswana offers extensive business opportunities that favour small tourism enterprises. However, the salient question we are trying to answer is what factors need to be addressed to enable small tourism enterprises in Tsodilo community to grow and reach their full potential? The following objectives have been identified to establish areas in which small tourism businesses require support: To assess the needs of small tourism enterprises to have access to the things that will enable them to reach their full potential, to evaluate if the support in place is meeting the needs of small tourism enterprises and to examine strategies and interventions that can assist STEs. The population sample comprises small businesses in the Tsodilo community. A questionnaire survey of small tourism businesses was conducted to acquire primary data. In addition, secondary data from the national development plan, tourism plans and tourism statistics was used. In general, the findings reveal that a thorough consultation with small tourism enterprises is necessary when support programmes and interventions are developed. By using t findings, the government can evaluate its own efforts and ensure that support programmes are designed to meet the identified needs of small tourism enterprises. Additional research should aim at examining the sustainability of tourism development in the area as well as examining planning processes for tourism-targeted programmes.
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Modie, Benson Ndadzila. "The paleozoïc palynostratigraphy of the Karoo supergroup and palynofacies insight into paleoenvironmental interpretations, Kalahari Karoo Basin, Botswana." Brest, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BRES2027.
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Les strates du carbonifère supérieur et Permien de la séquence du Karoo inférieur, dans le bassin du Karoo Kalahari au Botswana, se sont révélées riches en palynomorphes et favorables pour une étude palynostratigraphique. Neuf sondages ont été échantillonnés et l’analyse systématique à permis d’identifier cent soixante-cinq espèces de spores et pollens, onze espèces d’acritarches, sept espèces de prasinophycées et une espèce de chlorophycée. Sur la base de la distribution des espèces dans les sondages, STRAT 1 et CKP6, 3 zones d’intervalles (2 zones d’intervalles de concurrence et 1 zone d’intervalle de taxon) et 3 zones d’assemblages ont été définies. La section STRAT 1, riche en palynomorphes bien conservés, a été choisie comme section standard de référence. Par comparaison avec d’autres zonations régionales ou définies à l’échelle du Gondwana, les palynozones du sondage STRAT 1 indiquent des âges allant du Carbonifère supérieur (Kasimovien — Gzhelien) â la base du Permien supérieur (Roadien), pour les séries du Karoo inférieur dans le bassin du Karoo Kalahari. De grandes variations paléoclimatiques sont déduites de l’analyse qualitative, depuis des conditions froides â humides durant le dépôt des faciès glaciaires de la Formation Dwyka, à des conditions chaudes et sèches durant le dépôt correspondant à la partie inférieure de la Formation Ecca. Les conditions paléoclimatiques deviennent humides par la suite, dans la partie moyenne de la Formation Ecca, et sont responsables de la formation de charbons. Les interprétations paléoenvironnementales basées sur les palynofaciès, indiquent un mode de dépôt essentiellement proximal pour l’ensemble des séries du KarooLate Carboniferous to Permian strata of the Lower Karoo sequence in the Kalahari Karoo Basin, Botswana, contains suitably preserved palynomorphs for biostratigraphic classifications. Nine boreholes have been sampled for the study, and one hundred and sixty-five miospore species, eleven acritarchs species, seven prasinophytes species, and 1 chlorophyte species are described. On the basis of species ranges, in boreholes STRAT 1 and CKP8, three Range Zones (2 concurrent range zones and 1 taxon range zone) and three Assemblage Zones, for each section have been distinguished. STRAT 1, choose as reference section, has also been subdivided on the basis of palynofacies data generating stratigraphic marker horizons. Lithological comparisons with the palynozones reveal a younging of the Dwyka glacial fades to the southwest, from CKP6 to STRAT 1, representing the palaeo-trend in glacial migration. Age determination deduced from a comparison of the palynozones of STRAT I section, with other regional and Gondwana-wide zonation schemes indicate Late Carboniferous (Kasimovian — Gzhelian) to earliest Late Permian (Roadian) ages for the Lower Karoo sequence in the Kalahari Karoo Basin. Broad palaeoclimatic inferences from the qualitative analysis support a transition from cold and humid conditions, during deposition of the Dwyka glacial facies, to warm and drier conditions during deposition of the lower Ecca sequences. Palaeoclimatic conditions ultimately turned wet during middle Ecca times generating coal-forming settings. Palaeoenvironmental interpretations based on palynofacies data indicate a predominantly proximal palaeo-depositional setting for the entire Lower Karoo
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Mogano, Ogone 1950. "PERCEPTIONS OF ADOLESCENT FEMALES ON CONTRACEPTION IN BOTSWANA." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275516.
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Taye, Mesfin, and Wisdom Kanda. "E-waste management in Botswana." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Industriell miljöteknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-69213.
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Electr(on)ic equipments possess parts and components with high economic value and environmental peril which prompts a potential need to assess the EEE’s management at EoL. E-waste management in developing countries is one of the least revised environmental topics. In recent times however the subject is getting research limelight from scholars. This study aims at enhancing the existing e-waste management practice in Gaborone, Botswana through systematic investigation of the current circulation, usage, handling and management of W(EEEs). Several stakeholders in the solid waste management system were interviewed and also an in situ (on the landfill) waste composition study was conducted in line with the aims and objectives of the research. The study finds that WEEEs do not have exclusively designed management structure in Gaborone and they rather flow source to sink usually blended with the general waste derived from the entire socio-economic activity. Waste composition study conducted on the landfill indicates a very low percentage composition (less than 1%) of WEEEs in the junk corresponding to 1.9 kg/capita/year. Substantial amount of obsolete EEEs rather seem to linger in the socio-economic system until a capable tapping mechanism is installed. An integrated e-waste management system cored around public sensitisation and the novel phenomenon of Enhanced landfill mining which simultaneously offers time to consult developed countries for expertise on sustainable WEEE management is proposed. The impetus to close the linear flow of electr(on)ic materials remain with the government and a range of stakeholders/interest groups who seek to gain economic advantages and also trim down environmental implications from the circulating and landfilled W(EEEs).
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Dixey, Rachael Anne. "Education and inequality in Botswana." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357560.
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Koosimile, Anthony Tsatsing. "Science curriculum implementation in Botswana." Thesis, University of York, 1999. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/9794/.
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Russell, Anthony. "Primary science education in Botswana." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1989. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10019698/.
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Meide, Jeff T. B. "Pupils' attitude toward technology-Botswana." Diss., This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08032007-102243/.
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Mannathoko, Bame Joshua. "Survival analysis of SMMEs in Botswana." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1531.
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This study investigates the factors influencing survival of micro enterprises funded by the Department of Youth in Botswana. Data drawn from 271 business ventures established between the years 2005 and 2009 was analysed by using the Cox proportional hazards model (CPHM), a survival analysis technique. Results from the analysis suggest that businesses operated by younger owners endure a higher risk of failure in comparison to businesses owned by older entrepreneurs while firm size at start-up was also a significant determinant of survival. As a component of human capital, a personal contribution to the start-up capital and prior employment experience were also found to be significant predictors of business survival. Regarding gender of the business owner, the claim that female operated businesses face a higher probability of failure when compared to businesses run by males was not supported by the study results. The amount of funding from the DOY at start-up was found not to have any influence on the survival or failure outcomes for the business projects. Based on these findings, certain policy implications can be deduced. This study recommends that policy makers focus more on human capital requirements of beneficiaries of government business development initiatives as well as entrepreneur contribution to start-up capital in order to increase the success rate of the business ventures. In addition, the capacity to perform continuous monitoring and mentoring of government funded businesses ventures, particularly SMMEs, should be increased within the relevant departments or alternatively outsourcing of the requisite skills should be considered. Lastly, recommendation to replicate this research, at a larger scale in future is proposed.
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Ditiro, Salalenna. "The relationship between employment value proposition, work engagement and retention among employees of a selected bank in Botswana." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/14994.
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The management concept of Employee Value Proposition (EVP), which details the value and benefits employees derive from being members of the organisation, has been widely touted in literature as a determinant of work engagement and retention. The growing body of Positive Organisational Behaviour (POB) acknowledges the importance of these concepts, particularly in the service industry where engagement and retention are critical for good customer relationships. The research followed a quantitative and non-experimental approach by using primary data as the unit of analysis. Using a self-report electronic questionnaire, relationships between EVP, WE and Turnover Intentions were determined from a sample of (N=259) consisting of supervisor to management level employees in commercial banks across Botswana. The adopted composite questionnaire has been validated for the South African sample and proved to have high reliability. The individual instruments have been used in different industries as well as professions and showed no inherent bias. The results showed some important relationships between EVP, WE and Turnover Intentions. Specifically, EVP fulfilment revealed a substantive positive relationship with Work Engagement whereas another substantial relationship exists between engagement and Turnover Intention. While a definitive but small relationship exists between EVP and Turnover Intention, it was recommended that the organisation that participated can buffer turnover intention through leveraging engagement levels, especially the dedication dimension of engagement as it has found to be the prerequisite for vigor and absorption dimensions of engagement.
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Lesitaokana, William Ofentse. ""It's My Mobile": Adoption, Consumption and Meanings of the Mobile Phone Among Urban Youth in Botswana - An Ethnographic Study." Thesis, Griffith University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366323.
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The purpose of this thesis is to offer an ethnographic account of the interactive relationship between mobile phones and urban youth in Botswana, a developing country in Sub-Saharan Africa. Although the adoption, consumption and meanings of the mobile phone among youth have received huge mention in the literature in relation to developed nations, to date there is very little similar research from many developing countries in the global South, where young people’s lifestyles are influenced by their distinct traditional cultures and characterised by unique socio-economic challenges such as rural-urban migration, unemployment, poverty and the digital divide. Using the three methods of qualitative research, namely non-participant observations (including diaries) and focus group discussions with twenty-eight urban youth aged between 18 and 25 in Francistown and Gaborone; as well as semi-structured interviews with thirty other people who interacted with youth participants in the study, I have demonstrated that mobile phones have become indispensable in both the general and localised aspects of youth lifestyles in Botswana. Although still developing, Botswana has significantly diffused mobile telephony countrywide, and consequently, many young people have adopted mobile phones to mainly expedite connectedness between them and other users, and enhance their social lifestyles. In particular, young people in Botswana use mobile phones to re-ensconce their traditional values and principles of contacting and connecting with their associates between their home villages, towns and settlements where they habitually migrate; to access public and social services that would have been difficult to access without the mobile phone; and to bridge the digital divide that has remained a serious problem in the country.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Humanities
Arts, Education and Law
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Gobotswang, Kesitegile S. M. "Participation in labour-intensive public works program : effects on staple crop production, livestock asset and household income in Southeastern Botswana /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17557.pdf.
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Arntzen, Jacob Wilhelm. "Environmental pressure and adaptation in rural Botswana /." Amsterdam : Centrale huisdrukkerij van de Vrije Universiteit, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35532844v.
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Madzwamuse, Masego S. "Adaptive livelihood strategies of the Basarwa: a case of Khwai and Xaxaba, Ngamiland district, Botswana." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005286.
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This thesis looks into the land use and natural resource management systems of Basarwa communities in Ngamiland in the northwest of Botswana. The study specifically focuses on Basarwa communities living in and on the edges of the Okavango Delta. The link between these communities and their natural resources is explored using the Sustainable Rural Livelihoods Framework and the Adaptive Renewal Cycle. The core assumption in this thesis is that livelihood strategies are constantly renewed and adapted to promote resilience in ecological and social systems. Fieldwork data collected between May 2000 and July 2001 and secondary data is used to deliberate on this point. The thesis confirms that the Basarwa’s livelihood strategies were adaptive only in as far as traditional livelihoods are concerned. The thesis traces the changes that the Basarwa have experienced as a result of policy restrictions through the different phases of the adaptive renewal cycle. The period following Independence in Botswana saw a policy shift which resulted in the Basarwa becoming landless. With mainly land-based livelihood strategies, the Basarwa were faced with new forms of crises and vulnerability which their traditional adaptive strategies were not designed for. It comes to the conclusion that the Basarwa are currently stuck in a reorganisation phase; however, the CBNRM Draft Policy of Botswana offers a glimpse of hope as it provides an opportunity for the Basarwa to progress through the full cycle of reorganisation, renewal, conservation and release.
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Mmusi, Bishy. "The development assumptions of Botswana television : an assessment." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007668.
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This study researched a project to set up a national television service for Botswana to find out whether the service could be used for rural development generally, and in particular to assist the Ministry of Health to implement its health projects in the rural areas and including the fight against the AIDS disease. It reviews conceptions of development and also analyses various communication models that usefully inform the conceptualisation of a TV service that can contribute to development. The study was done by going through reports of feasibility studies on the project and through letters of official correspondence among officials of the Government of Botswana who debated the subject of whether or not the country should have a national TV service. The reports and correspondence were supplemented with interviews of key people involved in the implementation of the project, as well as interviews of officials of the Ministry of Health. The findings of the study are that the Botswana television service project started and ended on a footing that forgot about television, a medium that is dependent on professional and organisational capacity and purpose, and as a result the project did not take-off. A qualitative method was used as the study required in-depth interviews during which new issues kept on emerging and nothing could be pre-determined because the study took place as the project was being implemented. The study was completed in June 2000, at a point where the project should have been completed but it was discovered that the station could not go on air as a television service had not been conceptualised and there was no management structure in place and the Government of Botswana appealed to the British Government for the staff of the British Broadcasting Corporation to come quickly to Botswana to rescue the project and put it on track, supposedly. The study has concluded that the Botswana television service project became stillborn because there was a lack of professional and intellectual capacity to conceptualise the service, and instead there had been too much concentration on the construction of the TV building and acquisition of equipment.
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Kgosikoma, Onkokame Gladys. "Agricultural support programs in Botswana : a case study of the Botswana Young Framers Fund (YFF) programme." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97341.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In an effort to reduce its dependency on mining, (since independence at 1966) the successive governments of Botswana (GoB) have continued to foster national development by diversifying the country’s economy, with agribusiness development strategies at the forefront of discussions. Over decades, a significant number of policies on agri-support have been developed towards this mission. Nevertheless, the performance of the sector continues to decline considerably. Despite its potential to promote and develop small-scale farmers, literature on agri-support programmes has indicated that without scrutiny and continuous evaluation of the programmes in place, the strategy can be another way of which governments lose money. This study examines the Botswana Young Farmers Fund programme that finances aspiring young farmers to start up or expand their agri projects. More particularly, the study investigates how this model in the context of young farmers, impacts and contribute to the development of the agricultural sector in Botswana. The study identified challenges and opportunities of the YFF programme. The major challenge which is also applicable to the general sector, identified by the case study suggests that the agricultural environment in Botswana is fragile, therefore seeks relevant agribusiness development strategies that are tailor-made for specific challenges faced by the sector.
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Kutil, Devin A. "An Exploratory Analysis of Botswana Alcohol Consumption and Policy Focusing on The Botswana Alcohol Tax Levy." Thesis, Northern Arizona University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1552015.
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Should the power to address the socio-cultural and political issue of alcohol consumption and regulation lay in that of the legislators or, the legislated? I propose that when alcohol legislation and regulation - The Botswana Alcohol Tax Levy are formed without invested cooperation from the general population, often the policy is non-sustainable and subject to change. The sustainability of the policy is primarily measured on its efficiency and effectiveness at addressing alcohol consumption and abuse. The failure to both reduce alcohol consumption and fund alcohol preventative care brings forth the conversations regarding needed change. My analysis provides the local and global implications alcohol consumption and regulation has had in Botswana, the United States, and the United Kingdom with an in-depth Policy Analysis Matrix directly discussing the Botswana Alcohol Tax Levy. The Tax Levy and other regulations created by the government have often overlooked the ground-level realities of the social issues regarding alcohol consumption, at the expense of the general populace overall health. The traditions and cultural heritage of alcohol, in regards to the Botswana people, cannot be under-mined. From my analysis, most of the issues arising from legislation stem from the discrepancies found between European Western Developmental practices and Botswana Traditional practices and law. The analysis highlights that the current position the government is taking in regards to alcohol consumption and regulation is ill informed. The current Alcohol Tax Levy neither lessens the consumption patterns of the population. Nor, does the Levy help to alleviate the current social problems excessive alcohol consumption is having in Botswana.
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Collin, Linn, and Lina Bornegrim. "Administration of Tribal Land in Botswana." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Industrial Development, IT and Land Management, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-7410.
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This thesis concerns the management and administration of tribal land in Botswana. The administration processes that are practiced today are neither effective nor suitable for present and future needs. Existing problems relates to registration, archiving and order among the ownership rights. A solution to these problems would promote a system that secures the right of each individuals land.
Our aim is to recognize the processes and work methods that are the reason for the mentioned problems in administration of tribal land. We want to find suggestions for solutions to these problems. To be able to recognize the existing difficulties a thorough literature review has been made as well as interviews with persons with dissimilar positions at three different land boards. Interviews were made at the Mogoditshane Subordinated Land Board, Tlokweng Main Land Board and Mochudi Subordinated Land Board. Questions asked concerned the Tribal Land Act, practice of land allocation and location of plots, appeals, recordkeeping and compensation.
We have also looked into how a pilot study regarding land adjudication directed by the LAPCAS-project, which is a five year running project in cooperation with Swedish Lantmäteriet and Ministry of Lands and Housing in Botswana, can act as one solution to the many problems that exists.
Our conclusion is that tribal land tenure in its own meaning is not a problem, the problem concerning tribal land lies in the administration thereof. Some common regulations for all land boards are needed to implement routines and structures that will improve the administration of tribal land. These kinds of routines can be learnt from involvement and close work with the LAPCAS-project.
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Langeni-Mndebele, Tabitha Tholakele. "Sociocultural determinants of fertility in Botswana." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq23013.pdf.
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Nkosana, Josephine Mmanchibidu. "Intergenerational sexual relationships in urban Botswana /." Connect to thesis, 2006. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00002295.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Melbourne, Key Centre for Women's Health in Society, Dept. of Public Health, School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, 2006.Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 200-225).
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Maundeni, Tapologo. "Children's experiences of divorce in Botswana." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2000. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1026/.
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This study explores children and mothers' perceptions of children's experiences of divorce in Botswana. To illuminate this complex topic, the study draws on two main overlapping theoretical perspectives. These are the social constructionist approach and the sociology of childhood approach. The concept of resilience as well as some concepts of feminist theory, social network theory and family stress theory were also used in the study. A few children believed their experiences had long-term effects on them. These were mainly children who experienced multiple stressors. For example, they perceived: their relations with mothers (who were their custodial parents) as negative, their relations with fathers were not close, they believed they experienced severe economic declines, they changed neighbourhoods and schools many times, witnessed and / or were victims of parental violence either for many years prior to the separation or continued to be exposed to violence even after the legal divorce. This study has explored an issue that remains largely unexplored in developing countries. Some of its findings are similar in broad terms to those of studies that have been conducted in developed countries, but they manifest themselves differently. For example, women in this study stayed in unhappy marriages for many years partly because of lack of services for them, customary laws that make divorce more difficult for women than for men, cultural expectations that require women to persevere in order to preserve their marriages and fear of stigma as well as economic hardships. Therefore when violence occurred, its impact on their children can be much more severe compared to their counterparts in developed countries. Findings of this study are also manifested differently from those of studies from developed countries in relation to children's experiences of economic hardship during the post-divorce period. Studies from both developing and developed countries attest to the low family income in maternal custody families following divorce. However, children in developing countries such as Botswana experience more severe economic hardships than their counterparts in developed countries because welfare programmes in the countries are less generous and the criteria used to determine eligibility exclude able-bodied unemployed mothers. The major policy implications arising from this study that need close attention therefore are: the need to improve the economic circumstances of children, the need to reduce if not eliminate children's exposure to parental violence, as well as the need to educate parents about how they can help their children to cope with the divorce process.
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Smith, Stephanie S. "Womanhood in Botswana : meaning and experience." Thesis, University of York, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/18824/.
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This AHRC-funded research addresses previously neglected issues of womanhood and gender in the Botswana context. According to Connell and Pearse (2015: 83) ‘the study of cultural representations of gender, gendered attitudes, value systems and related problems has been probably the most active area of gender studies in the past two decades ¬¬– in the rich countries of the global metropole. It is not so central in the developing world, where questions of poverty, power and economic change have higher priority.’ This is the case in Botswana, where there has been little scholarly research into the social and cultural aspects of gender beyond its economic and health impacts over the last 20 years. Prior to that, Schapera’s seminal works (1938, 1940) recorded numerous aspects of gender relations, and Suggs’ 1987 study provided an updated perspective on female status and life stages. This thesis builds on these texts, investigating aspects of the social and cultural construction of womanhood in Botswana today. Drawing on semi-structured qualitative interviews with 30 Batswana women, I thematically analyse the participants’ accounts to understand how womanhood is defined and experienced in Tswana culture. I consider how the rapidly changing economic, political, social and material environment that has characterised Botswana since independence in 1966 shapes attitudes to gender roles, and to what extent traditional expectations persist in this context.
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Kerton, G. A. J. "Vocational education and training in Botswana." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2007. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/56166/.
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The development of skill formation in Botswana was investigated in the context of the global economy and high youth unemployment. At independence (1966) Botswana was one of the ten poorest countries in the world. As a democratic country the welfare of its citizens was paramount, consequently, when diamonds were discovered (1967) the main objective was to improve living standards throughout the country. When revenue from diamonds increased. diversification by creating a stronger industrial base was considered necessary to develop a sound economy, more employment for its expanding youth population, lessening dependence upon expatriate workers and further investment in schools and vocational education and training (VET) establishments, however, the supply and demand of skilled workers was uncoordinated and employers were dissatisfied with the quality of VET graduates. Wide ranging information on the opinions of the effectiveness of VET was obtained from village elders school leavers, teachers and parents VET leavers, lecturers and instructors recent VET graduates and employers and other high ranking individuals. Human capital theory and its assumptions were found inappropriate for analysing the requirements of a developing country, as it failed to consider the effects of traditional culture on development. A more holistic approach, based on the political economy of skill formation, appeared to be more suitable. The effects of traditional norms and expectations on western industrial practice were highlighted, also, the negative influence of the didactic teaching style on the application of theoretical knowledge, problem solving and the teaching of English in schools. VET institutes were disadvantaged by lecturers and instructors with limited industrial and teaching experience and industrial placements for students were ineffective because of inadequate funding for guidelines and monitoring procedures. Only one third of VET graduates were able to obtain work appropriate to their training. Positive actions to improve the effectiveness of VET were suggested, but they require commitment from all stakeholders
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Kungberg, Marcus. "Botswana & Zimbabwe : En komparativ demokratiseringsstudie." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för statsvetenskap (ST), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-60057.
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Abstract The purpose of this essay is to shed light on why the democratic developments in Botswana and Zimbabwe, despite their many similarities, have gone in very different directions. By the time of their respective independence, both countries proclaimed themselves democratic states. However, only Botswana succeeded in the transition, while Zimbabwe soon fell back into an autocratic regime. The method used is a comparative case study. By comparing the cases Botswana and Zimbabwe in according to five selected democratic variables, this method makes it possible to explain why only Botswana succeeded. The research questions are: How have Botswana’s and Zimbabwe’s respective democratic transitions happened? What factors have influenced and guided the direction of the democratic development in Botswana and Zimbabwe? The following democratic variables will guide the comparison: “Economic development”, “Market economy”, “Strong middleclass”, “External influences” and “Political leaders dedicated to democracy”. The results show considerable differences between the democratic transitions of Botswana and Zimbabwe as regards all the selected democratic variables. The comparative method thus proved to be an effective tool to explain the democratic development in the two countries investigated in this case study. However, these factors potentially just scratch the surface and, in a theory-developing spirit, more democratic factors can broaden the explanation even more.
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Tshinki, Abby Mosetsanagape. "Code-switching in Setswana in Botswana." Pretoria : [S.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10132005-120122.
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Kambole, Mercy Mulenga. "The attitudes of physiotherapists in Gaborone and Ramotswa, Botswana, towards treating people living with HIV/AIDS." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_7700_1256285107.
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Physiotherapists are increasingly treating peole living with HIV/AIDS. However, there is little information which has been reported on their attitudes in providing treatment to people with HIV/AIDS or what facilitates positive attitudes. The aim of this study was to determine attitudes of physiotherapists towards treating people living with HIV/AIDS in Botswana.
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Sedirwa, Thato Agatha. "What influences households saving behaviour in Botswana." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97442.
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Thesis (MDF)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: A high savings culture is important for sustainable economic development of any country. Whilst Botswana has one of the highest gross national savings in sub-Saharan Africa, the same cannot be said regarding household savings. Household savings in Botswana have grown at a very slow pace between 2003 and 2012, a worrisome trend given the importance of savings. The main objective of the research assignment was to determine the factors that influence households saving behaviour in Botswana. A probit econometric model was used to find out what factors influence households to choose to save and which ones influence them not to save. Saving behaviour was measured by whether an individual has saved money with a financial institution within the past 12 months. The individual characteristics that were modelled for influence on households saving behaviour were age, income level, education level, gender, formal credit, informal credit, insurance and property ownership. The results indicated that, as suggested by theory and empirical evidence, age, income level and education level have a positive and significant influence on households saving behaviour, whereas, also in line with theory, formal and informal credit and insurance have a negative and significant influence on households saving behaviour. Being female also has a negative but insignificant influence on households saving behaviour. Contrary to expectations, property ownership, which was used as proxy for non-financial assets, has a positive influence on household saving behaviour, although the influence is not significant.
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Moribame, Thapelo Tebogo. "Utilisation of mineral rent and the diversified growth of the Botswana economy." Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17840.
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Thesis (MComm)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study analyses the relationship between mineral rent and Botswana’s economic diversification. The analysis is done by; 1) providing an overview of Botswana’s economy and development, 2) explaining the economics of minerals, 3) describing Botswana’s mineral economy, 4) examining how mineral rent is generated and utilised in Botswana, 5) analysing the economic diversification of Botswana, 6) investigating constraints faced by Botswana in diversifying the economy, and 7) concluding by offering recommendations that can assist policy makers with decisions regarding economic diversification. The economic value of minerals is measured by the rent they earn. Rent is profit above the normal return on total investment and is due to the scarcity of minerals. Management of minerals to achieve sustainability requires that rent is recovered through various taxes and be invested in economic activities that can provide income and employment for the future generation. In Botswana, mineral rent is generated from royalty payments, profit taxes and withholding tax on remitted dividends. Total resource rent was estimated at P160 million in 1979, but by the 2008/09 financial year, rent had increased by more than tenfold and was estimated at P10.56 billion. Diamond mining generates most of the rent and accounts for most of all the economic value of minerals, between 98 percent and 99 percent from 2004 and 2009. Copper nickel is the second most important resource after diamonds with a contribution that is between 1.03 percent and 1.34 percent of total resource rent in the 2007/08 and 2008/09 financial years. Coal, gold and soda ash are much less valuable from an economic perspective. In the 1973/74 financial year, the mining industry contributed about 34 percent to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at current prices and a high of 48 percent in 2000/01, although contribution declined to 40 percent in 2007/08. The mining industry contributed about 90 percent to total exports in 2001. In the same year, diamonds contributed about 85 percent to total exports and about 95 percent to the mining sector’s exports. Since minerals took centre stage in the economy of Botswana, rent has been utilised to acquire foreign reserves abroad and finance development priorities such as the provision of health care, education and infrastructure. Part of the rent is also used to develop economic diversification through targeted initiatives that increase private sector involvement in economic activity. Even though that is the case, the Ogive Index shows that from 1973 to 2009, economic diversification has taken place, but at a slow pace. Slow economic diversification is a result of structural problems such as; a small domestic economy, high transportation costs, high cost of doing business, not fully benefitting from regional trade and vulnerability to transitional challenges like the economic crisis’. To overcome these problems, Botswana should benchmark in other mineral-rich countries to address internal capacity problems and production deficiencies. The country should also strive to benefit from international trade at a bilateral, regional and multilateral level.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie studie is die verhouding tussen mineraalontginningsurplus en Botswana se ekonomiese diversifikasie ontleed. Hierdie ontleding is gedoen deur 1) ’n oorsig te bied van Botswana se ekonomie en ontwikkeling; 2) die ekonomie van minerale te verduidelik; 3) Botswana se mineraalekonomie te beskryf; 4) die manier waarop mineraalontginningsurplus in Botswana gegenereer en benut word, te ondersoek; 5) die ekonomiese diversifikasie van Botswana te ontleed; 6) beperkings waarvoor Botswana te staan kom in die diversifikasie van die ekonomie te ondersoek; en 7) af te sluit met aanbevelings wat beleidmakers kan help met besluite oor ekonomiese diversifikasie. Die ekonomiese waarde van minerale word gemeet deur die ontginningsurplus wat dit verdien. Ontginningsurplus is wins bo die normale rendement van die totale belegging en is in gebruik weens die skaarste van minerale. Die bestuur van minerale vir volhoubaarheid vereis dat ontginningsurplus deur verskeie soorte belasting verhaal word en in ekonomiese aktiwiteite belê word wat inkomste en werkverskaffing vir die toekomstige generasies kan verskaf. In Botswana word mineraalontginningsurplus uit tantièmebetaling, winsbelasting en terughoubelasting op geremitteerde dividende gegenereer. Die totale hulpbronontginningsurplus is in 1979 op P160 miljoen geraam, maar teen die 2008/09- finansiële jaar het die ontginningsurplus tienvoudig vermeerder en is dit op P10.56 biljoen geraam. Diamantontginning genereer die meeste van die ontginningsurplus en is verantwoordelik vir die grootste gedeelte van die totale ekonomiese waarde van minerale – tussen 98% en 99% vanaf 2004 tot 2009. Nikkeliet is die tweede belangrikste hulpbron ná diamante,met ’n bydrae van tussen 1.03% en 1.34% van die totale hulpbronontginningsurplus in die 2007/08- en 2008/09- finansiële jaar. Steenkool, goud en soda-as is aansienlik minder waardevol vanuit ’n ekonomiese perspektief. In die 1973/74- finansiële jaar het die mynwese ongeveer 34% tot die bruto binnelandse produk (BBP) teen huidige pryse bygedra, met ’n hoogtepunt van 48% in 2000/01, alhoewel die bydrae tot 40% in 2007/08 afgeneem het. Die mynwese het ongeveer 90% tot totale uitvoere in 2001 bygedra. In dieselfde jaar het diamante ongeveer 85% tot totale uitvoere en ongeveer 95% tot die mynbedryf se uitvoere bygedra. Sedert minerale die kern van Botswana se ekonomie begin vorm het, is ontginningsurplus gebruik om buitelandse reserwes te verkry en ontwikkelingsprioriteite, soos die verskaffing van gesondheidsorg, opvoeding en infrastruktuur, te finansier. ’n Gedeelte van die ontginningsurplus word ook gebruik om ekonomiese diversifikasie te ontwikkel deur teikeninisiatiewe wat die privaat sektor se betrokkenheid by ekonomiese aktiwiteit bevorder. Ten spyte hiervan, toon die Ogive-index dat ekonomiese diversifikasie wel van 1973 tot 2009 plaasgevind het, maar dat dit teen ’n stadige pas geskied het. Stadige ekonomiese diversifikasie is ’n gevolg van strukturele probleme soos ’n klein binnelandse ekonomie, hoë vervoerkoste, hoë sakekoste, streekshandel waaruit voordeel nie ten volle verkry word nie en kwesbaarheid vir oorgangsuitdagings soos die ekonomiese krisis. Botswana moet met ander mineraalryk lande normeer om interne kapasiteitsprobleme en produksiegebreke die hoof te bied. Die land moet ook daarna streef om op ’n bilaterale, streeks- en multilaterale vlak uit internasionale handel munt te slaan.
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Isaacs, Nthabiseng Rosalind Bertha. "Child justice: an analysis of the development of child justice reform in Botswana." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020094.
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This dissertation addresses the developments of child justice in Botswana. The first ever child justice that was established is discussed with the aim to understand the influence it had on Botswana with regard to the nature of the proceedings and the founding principles of child justice and its application in the courts. International Conventions that have a bearing on the rights of children in Botswana, such as the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice, the United Nations Rules for the Protection of Juveniles Deprived of their Liberty, the United Nations Guidelines for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency and the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child are discussed. The measures that are currently in place for the protection of children who are in conflict with the law are examined with particular emphasis on those children that are arrested and detained. A comparison is drawn between the Children’s Act CAP [28:04] OF 1981, the Children’s Act 8 of 2009 and the South African Child Justice Act 75 of 2008 and the differences between the systems are highlighted. The provisions of the 2009 Act pertaining to children in conflict with the law are discussed in depth and shortfalls of the 2009 Children’s Act are identified. Diversion, as a form of correctional action, is discussed in light of international conventions. The provisions regarding the diversion of child offenders in the Child Justice Act are interrogated. Trial procedures under the 2009 Children’s Act are discussed and compared to those in South Africa including measures in place for the sentencing child offenders in both Botswana and South Africa. After an analysis of the international conventions, legislation and case law, the conclusion is reached that there is a commitment in Botswana towards the protectionand realization of children’s rights especially those who are in conflict with the law. It is recommended in the conclusions that Botswana import some provisions of the Child Justice Act into domestic legislation in order to comprehensively address the plight of children in trouble with the law so as to strive towards maximum compliance with conventions that Botswana has signed.
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Kesamang, Lefhoko. "Social workers' experiences of HIV and AIDS intervention in Botswana." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/532.
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This study endeavoured to explore and describe the experiences of social workers in their intervention with HIV and AIDS clients within the Department of Clinical Services of the Ministry of Health in Botswana. The researcher undertook a qualitative research study, using an exploratory, descriptive and contextual design to explore these experiences as perceived by the social workers. The method of data collection included semi-structured face-to-face interviews, as this was deemed most appropriate to the nature of the study. Data analysis was undertaken according to the outline of Tesch (1990), as stated in Creswell (1994:155). The findings were reported as themes, sub-themes and categories emanating from the data-analysis process. In ensuring the trustworthiness of the findings, the researcher adhered to Guba’s (1981) model (in Krefting, 1991:251). The research findings were subjected to a literature control, and culminated in the compiling of the research report. The research findings centred around the following five themes: · experiences of intervention with HIV and AIDS clients; · challenges in HIV and AIDS intervention; · measures to alleviate challenges of HIV and AIDS intervention; · intervention strategies utilised by social workers; and · suggestions and advice to new social workers. The recommendations resulting from this research project proposed inter alia that social workers need to be trained in specific and specialised areas related to HIV and AIDS intervention in the health setting, and that the support structures and a holistic multidisciplinary service delivery approach need to be put in place to assist social workers to be able to meet the needs of the clients as well as their own needs. Key Words: participants, clients/patient, qualitative, HIV and AIDS, experiences, intervention, strategies.
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Ferim, Bonolo nee Matlho. "The protection and promotion of the rights of indigenous people in Africa: a case study of the Basarwa in Botswana." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/554.
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mnesty International (2009:1) reports that despite some progress over the last decade, indigenous peoples around the world continue to live in hardship and danger. This is due to the failure of states to uphold their fundamental human rights. The persecution of minorities by intolerant majorities is still a major cause of international unrest in various parts of the world (Sohn, 1981: 272). Against this backdrop, this study set out to investigate the extent to which the rights of the Basarwa in Botswana are promoted and protected by the government. Methods of data collection included questionnaire, interviews, books, journal articles and internet publications. The study found out that the government of Botswana does not promote and protect the rights of the Basarwa in Botswana. They are instead being considered as a primitive and backward people and hence, a developmental problem by the government of Botswana. Other violations of their rights include: non-recognition as the indigenous people of Botswana, derogatory names-calling, forced land evictions and other forms of social and economic exclusion. The study recommends the following: The need for the government of Botswana to recognise the Basarwa as a distinct and unique ethnic group in the country; the need for dialogue between the Basarwa, the government of Botswana and NGOs; the need for the government of Botswana to ameliorate the quality and accessibility of social services for the Basarwa, particularly in the areas of health and education; and the need for both the public and private sectors alike to provide the necessary skills for employment of the Basarwa.
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Muche, Freeman Hansungule. "A review of the performance of Botswana citizen building contractors." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1336.
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Botswana was left underdeveloped in 1966 when it gained its independence from Great Britain. However, with the discovery of diamonds in the late 1970s, the economy of the country changed and two decades later the construction industry had experienced phenomenal growth. A growth propelled by the dominance of foreign contractors and the few citizen contractors available at the time resulted in a competitive environment in the industry. However, citizen contractors were unable to compete on the same level with their foreign counterparts, which was attributable to various factors such as a lack of resources and of business and technical experience. Being a major player in the construction industry, and realising the need to equip and encourage its own base of citizen contractors to actively participate in construction activities, the government of Botswana adopted new measures and policies that were meant to address the imbalances in the construction industry much to the advantage of citizen contractors. The rationale behind this study is to investigate the performance of citizen building contractors following the introduction of preferential procurement policies by the government of Botswana. This research study adopted the descriptive and analytical survey method which entailed the use of questionnaires and a review of the related literature for gathering relevant data. The sample strata included building contractors, consultants, and clients in the Botswana construction industry in Gaborone, Francistown, Selebi-phikwe, Maun, Serowe, and Lobatse. The empirical findings revealed that there is indeed a need to review some of the government assistance programs for citizen contractors in order to avoid the abuse of government resources and to further increase the citizen contractor’s knowledge base, skills, resources and capacity through mentorship and workshops. vi It is therefore incumbent upon government to protect those beneficiaries who genuinely require such assistance by critical assessment of the ineffective policies for the benefit of the whole industry
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Nilsson, Sunna. "Botswana - a textbook example of poverty reduction? : An examination of the Swedish termination of aid to Botswana." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-35856.
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Geuting, Markus. "Entwicklungshilfe und Entwicklung: globale statistische Analyse unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Human Development Index und die Länderbeispiele Botswana und Namibia." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=97421938X.
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Tau, Nontobeko Sylvia. "An analysis of TalkBack, an interactive HIV and AIDS education programme on Botswana Television." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/5043.
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The Republic of Botswana (2011a) recognises behaviour change as the only long term solution to the HIV and AIDS epidemic that has become a leading health and development challenge for the country. The study aimed to examine how Talk Back, an interactive HIV and AIDS educational programme on Botswana television, capacitates the school community to deal with challenges brought about by the HIV and AIDS epidemic. The study was based on recordings of 2014 Term One theme— ‘Paediatric care and support: challenges and implications in the teaching and learning environment. The study conducted a content analysis of Talk Back to determine behaviour change communication categories employed in producing the programme. All aspects of the Talk Back programme were also analysed to establish communication strategies employed in the presentation of content. Talk Back employed communication approaches such as panel discussions of matters related to HIV and AIDS by various specialists, video clips to present content, and viewers phoning in to interact with the panellists. A number of the callers identified challenges; the most common identified challenge was that parents tended not to disclose their children’s HIV status to the children due to the negative social stigma attached to HIV and AIDS. Although Talk Back provides a forum for interactive behaviour change communication, some listeners questioned the use of technical language.
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Mpotokwane, Masego Ayo. "Variation in cattle numbers, rainfall amount and land availability in Tlokweng sub district, Botswana." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21836.
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This study describes and analyses cattle management in Tlokweng Sub District. Two methods were used. The two are households' interviews and a system dynamics STELLA model called the Rain Land Cattle model, which was adapted from the 1990 Braat and Opschoor model. Ninety households, 61% of the 1991 households in the study area, were interviewed. All the households had arable fields and fifty nine percent had cattle. The Rain Land Cattle model uses 52 parameters to predict several cattle management factors, which include rainfall, stocking rate, total grazing area and livestock water availability. The model explored the use of parameters to relate water availability to grazing area and show the seasonality of the water source. Sixty two percent of the household had access to an ideal livestock water source. Cattle graze from the 5000 hectares of arable area for four months after harvesting. This seasonal grazing, optimises the uses of the grazing resource in the small sub - district. The model simulated a S and 20 percent permanent grazing land loss. Such a grazing land loss, increased the stocking rate, decreased the carrying capacity and cast doubt on sustainable cattle production. The model shows that the stocking rate is chronically greater than the carrying capacity. Most households acknowledged that there was land pressure due to the loss of grazing land. A drier climate scenario will lead to a loss of seasonal grazing, reduced livestock water, which will increase cattle emigration and cause cattle management problems. The model is exploratory; it needs to be validated. It is easily understood, adaptable to other communal areas, and identifies the most influential factors in cattle management. The livestock water parameters functioned reliably in the model. Based on the understanding of the cattle management derived from this study, more fenced grazing land is unlikely to improve the cattle management in the area.
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Ruele, Moji. ""How can we sing the Lord's song in a strange land?" : constructing a contextual African theology of land and liberation with and for Basarwa/San in post-independence Botswana." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683244.
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Kelebemang, Gertrude Nurse. "Efficiency of broiler production : a case study of two commercial enterprises around Gaborone (Botswana)." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50334.
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Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The study investigated the performance of broiler production III two enterprises around Gaborone. The main emphasis was on performance and feed efficiency of four major production parameters, which include feed intake (FI), age at slaughter, body weight (BW) and feed conversion ratio (FeR). The averages for slaughter age, BW (live weight), FI and FeR for the two enterprises combined were 39.6 days, 1.8 kg, 3.41 kglbird and 1.96, respectively. For the entire rearing period the average performance efficiency factor for the two enterprises was 224. The results of the current study showed that age at slaughter, BW, cumulative FI, FeR and mortality in the two farms declined significantly (P
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Fowkes, John D. "An evaluation of the contribution of ecotourism to the economy of the Republic of Botswana in 1984." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14301.
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Bibliography: leaves 110-115.In 1984, Botswana was an independent country at an early stage of development. It had a limited capital infrastructure, poor agricultural resources, a growing population and low formal sector employment. The country had been politically stable and had made a noteworthy transition from the poor economic position at independence in 1966 to the economic strength prevailing in the country at that time. The positive economic outlook was however, due mainly to a single product, diamonds. Background to the study: The Government of the Republic of Botswana had identified the development of a tourist industry as a means of stimulating and diversifying economic growth. In the absence of other attractions, tourism based upon wildlife - ecotourism - was seen as the area most amenable to such development. Government statistical and financial data does not identify tourism as a discrete activity. Analysis based upon this data suggests that the contribution of tourism to the economy of the country was negligible. It was believed this analysis is erroneous. The hypothesis underlying this study is that tourism was already making a significant contribution to the economy of Botswana in 1984 but that this contribution was not reflected because of the statistical and accounting data collection systems in use in that country. The research showed that the Central Statistics Office of the Government of Botswana produced regular statistical bulletins on tourism in Botswana.
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Segwabe, Tebogo. "The geological framework and depositional environments of the coal-bearing Karoo strata in the Central Kalahari Karoo Basin, Botswana." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005567.
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The investigation of the geological history (i.e., stratigraphy and sedimentology) and the dynamics of coal depositional environments, in particular, the forces responsible for changes in the accommodation space (e.g., subsidence vs. sedimentation rates) in the Permian coal-bearing Karoo strata in the Central Kalahari Karoo Basin (Botswana) revealed new details about the depositional processes and environments. Detailed review of the temporal and spatial stratigraphic variation of the coal-bearing Ecca Group successions via the analysis of facies changes based on core descriptions, gamma logs, field observations and palaeo-current measurements, lead to the identification of two main informal stratigraphic units, namely the Basal and Upper Units. The Basal Unit is characterised by an upward-coarsening succession, and it is interpreted as a product of a progradational deltaic setting (i.e., regressive deltaic cycle). This is followed by five sequences of fining-upward successions of sandstones and siltstones in the Upper Unit, interpreted as deposits of distributary channels (the basal arenaceous member) capped by finer argillaceous sequences of the deltaic floodplains (the upper coal-bearing member). The Upper Unit thus is interpreted as a delta plain facies association which was formed during transgressive phases when conditions for coal-quality peat accumulation (e.g., high water table) were present and the available accommodation space was partly controlled by tectonic uplift (repeated?) at basin margins. Limited palaeo-current analysis indicates deposition by channels flowing from the east, south-east and north-east. The lack of good quality exposures hampers the reconstruction of the plan form of the channel patterns. However, the little available evidence indicates a high-energy fluvio-deltaic system with irregular discharge and a high proportion of bedload sediments. Coal-seam thickness in the upper coal-bearing member reflect the complex control of the geological processes associated with and following peat formation, such as differential compaction of the underlying lithology, and the erosive or protective nature of the immediately overlying lithology.
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July, Emma. "Awareness, attitudes and referral practices of health care providers to psychological services in Botswana." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1166.
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The provision of psychological services is vital considering the complex nature of psychosocial issues facing people today. Nevertheless, the provision and utilization of psychological services has not been given due recognition in most African countries, including Botswana. Botswana is one of the countries faced by the challenges of the HIV/AIDS pandemic and other mental health problems, as well as poverty and unemployment. To date statistics on the magnitude of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Botswana, published annually by the National AIDS Coordinating Agency (NACA) reflect an increased rate of mental illness and psychosocial problems. Considering the complex nature of issues that impact negatively on people in Botswana, there is a need for awareness and the provision of psychological services in the primary health care system. There is little research on the place of psychology and psychological services in Botswana. The availability of such information is crucial for the planning of effective community-based psychological services. The present study employed a quantitative research method to explore and describe awareness and attitudes towards psychological services and referral practices in relation to psychological problems, of health care providers in Botswana. The participants in the study were chosen, based on a non-probability, purposive sampling method. The sample consisted of ninety-six persons and constituted medical doctors, nurses, psychiatrists, psychiatric nurses and clinical social workers from governmental and non-governmental institutions from Gaborone and Francistown in Botswana. Data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics in order to identify the mean, ranges and standard deviations. Frequency counts and percentages of the participants’ responses were computed. The results of the study revealed an awareness of available psychological services, positive attitudes towards psychology and psychological services and a reasonable percentage of referrals to psychological services. The results also revealed that available psychological services were limited and not easily accessible to patients. There was also an indication of a shortage of trained professionals to offer psychological services in health care centres, which resulted in psychological problems being referred to social workers.
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Walker, Keitirele Patricia. "Productivity of four fodder tree species, their nutritional value and potential role in ruminant production in Eastern Botswana." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1421.
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Thesis (PhD (Forest and Wood Science))—University of Stellenbosch, 2007.Sustainable livestock production in semi-arid Botswana could be improved through tree planting on-farm to provide much needed protein and shade. Such action can be encouraged if the growth, productivity, nutritional value of trees and their contribution to mass gain of livestock are known.. A study at Malotwana investigated two indigenous species, Acacia galpinii and Faidherbia albida, and two exotic species, Leucaena diversifolia and L. leucocephala, at three spacings in a randomised complete block design replicated five times. The three spacings represented 400, 317 and 241 trees per hectare. The study was conducted over 6.5 years. Indigenous trees were sampled biennially and exotics annually to evaluate crown width, height, stem diameter, stem number and stem volume index. Complete plant harvesting of exotic trees at 2.5, 4.5 and 6.5 years evaluated agroforestry production. Leaves from all four species and pods of exotic species were analysed for chemical composition. Two groups of eight lambs were balanced for mass at selection for an on-farm feeding trial. Browse from exotic trees, comprising a 2:1 ratio of pods to leaves, was fed at 30% as supplement to hay to one group whose mean mass was contrasted with that of the control group fed sorghum bran at 30%. A. galpinii was a promising species, adaptable to planting away from its origin. Its crown width ranged from 5.86 m in high density plots to 6.08 m at low density and was significantly different among stands (p = 0.0406) at 6.5 years. Diameter at breast height (dbh) was significantly different among stands aged 6.5 years (p = 0.0003) and ranged between 10.38 cm at high density to 12.48 cm in low density plots, demonstrating a capacity to provide both shade and poles on-farm. At 4.5 years, F. albida attained a mean height of 4.5 m and 4.5 cm in dbh but suffered 67% mortality during a severe drought. Annual fodder production of 0.647 and 0.996 metric tonnes ha-1 for leaves and pods of L. diversifolia and 1.237 and 1.431 for L. leucocephala was recorded in years of average rainfall. Yields of 0.3 and 0.59 metric tonnes ha-1 were recorded for both species in the driest year. Equally good agroforestry production was obtained from both low and high density stands suggesting that low density plantings, which foster higher plant survival and reduce disease incidence, are best suited to the semi-arid conditions of Botswana. The crude protein of leaves ranged between 16.26 (L. diversifolia) and 25.25% (F. albida). They were highly digestible with more than twice the calcium content livestock require. Crude protein and digestibility measures were significantly different among leaves and varied significantly at different spacings (p<0.0001). Pods of the exotic species contained significantly more protein than the leaves (p<0.0001). Lambs supplemented with browse gained 102.33 g per animal per day while the control group gained 83.95 g. There were significant differences between groups during growth (p<0.05). Growing of A. galpinii, complemented with L. diversifolia and L. leucocephala, can supply short and long term feed, and greatly enhance livestock production while diversifying farm feed sources
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Malan, Heinrich. "A study on green building solutions in Botswana 2014." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97177.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This research assignment was done to determine the status and awareness of green building solutions in Gaborone, Botswana for the year 2014. In a third world country like Botswana, design and development of ‘green building’ is low on the agenda. As with many other third world countries, other basic needs and services are missing and many people believe that all of those should be sorted out before items such as green building solutions can be looked at. Interviews were conducted with executives of companies in the property development industry or companies that make use of commercial office space. Through these executives, access was gained to the employees who were requested to complete an online survey. The focus of the interviews and surveys was to gain information of the companies’ awareness of and involvement in green building solutions, their view on the willingness to pay for such solutions and on its implementation in the future. In the findings, it became clear that cost is the most important aspect, especially when renting, while when investing, most participants were willing to contribute towards green building solutions with the understanding that this would contribute to lower running costs, and therefore returns on the investment made.
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Morupisi, Joseph. "Women farmers' representation in Botswana Agrinews Magazine." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/6567.
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The Government of Botswana recognises the important role that women can play in the economic development of the country, particularly in the agricultural sector, with respect to food security at both household and national levels. The study sought to investigate how women in agriculture are represented in the Botswana Agrinews Magazine. Moreover, it sought to establish whether, and how, messages conveyed to audience by the Botswana Agrinews Magazine promote any type of social or economic interaction between farming communities, individuals and/or government and other stakeholders. The sources of data were the articles that reported on women farmers from the sample of the Botswana Agrinews Magazine, over 24 months, that is, from January 2012 to December 2013. This magazine under study is a government publication targeting the broad Botswana farming community. Critical discourse analysis revealed that women farmers participated in events associated with commercial horticultural farming, dry land farming (field crop production), in the arable farming sector, at Consumer Fairs and Regional Agricultural shows for Commercial Farmers respectively, as well as in pastoral farming sector events at Agricultural shows. They also participated in the arable farming sector agricultural activities for commercial horticultural farmers and those for subsistence dry land farming. Furthermore, the results revealed that women farmers encountered constraints in the different ventures, they undertook in both arable and pastoral farming. However, the reports showed that they received support from the government and/or other stakeholders to counteract their constraints. Furthermore, the analysis identified the coverage on the themes of (1) arable farming, (2) pastoral farming, (3) integrated farming, and (4) attitudes of both women in agriculture and Ministry of Agriculture workers, which promoted women farmers’ participation in the agricultural sector.
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bw, mrammola@bca, and Mogadime Rammolai. "The Image of Agriculture Education in Botswana." Murdoch University, 2009. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20090722.110138.
Full textAbstract:
This study examines agricultural education in Botswana among students and teachers. Since independence in 1966 to the present time, agricultural production has declined from about 40 percent to about 3 percent. Harsh climatic conditions and a general ignorance about agriculture contribute to the restricted perception of agriculture and careers in this field. Individual and focus group interviews were conducted with agricultural teachers who had resigned and former graduates in four secondary schools and three postsecondary educational institutions (Botswana College of Agriculture, University of Botswana, and Tonota College of Education). Negative, positive and mixed images emerged that revealed some similar and some contradictory perceptions of agriculture education. The attrition of teachers also attracted attention because of their working conditions and their images of agricultural teaching. However, the phenomenon of teacher attrition is not unique to agriculture.
Students and teachers had conflicting images concerning curriculum instruction. Teachers identified the inadequacy of practicals because students are unable to apply the theoretical knowledge they have acquired to satisfy the various skills required in their new jobs. On the other hand, students perceived practicals as misdirected intensive labour. Non-agricultural tertiary students demonstrated that they do not have a full understanding of the potential career opportunities that agriculture can provide. They often thought that agriculture was confined to ploughing and food production. Nevertheless, both agricultural students and non-agricultural students agreed that agriculture could be a good career that they might consider later in their lives.
Participants in the study suggested strategies to enhance the poor perception of agriculture education in educational institutions in Botswana. One strategy was for curriculum reform, such that agriculture teaching should reinforce practicals that are relevant to students needs. Practical instruction should not be used as intensive manual labour but should be used to target specific skills that are needed in industry. Agriculture teaching should start at primary school so that pupils can develop a positive image towards agriculture education at a young age, at the age of seven students could be involved in simple experiments conducted in laboratories, then at eleven years students can start practicals in the garden, making sure not to overwork the pupils.
Through career guidance and counselling, agricultural teachers should broaden the limited perception that agriculture is simply food production and expand the field to its scientific and commercial careers, such as food processing and marketing. Even though the Ministry of Agriculture provides some incentives to farmers, they misappropriate the schemes. Access to loans has to be provided for students who have completed their studies and cannot find jobs so that they can also join the field of production.
Even though women are dominated by men in both agriculture and in education and food production in Botswana, this trend is changing; there are more female enrolments in agricultural educational institutions than males. The government is trying to create an equitable distribution of resources for women as well. The position of women in Botswana is better than what literature has revealed in sub Saharan Africa.