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1
Kara, Zeki, and Mohammed Salah Mohammednoori Fakhar. "Sağlıklı Asma Fidanı Üretiminde Sıcak Su Uygulamaları." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 12, s1 (December 8, 2024): 2180–95. https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v12is1.2180-2195.7110.
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Asmalarda gövde hastalıkları (AGH) arasında, Esca sendromu (Phaeomoniella chlamydospora ve Phaeoacremonium oleophilum, Botryosphaeria spp., Eutypa lata, Phomopsis viticola, Cylindrocarpon spp.), Petri hastalığı (Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, Phaeoacremonium spp., Cadophora luteo-olivacea ve Pleurostoma richardsiae), Siyah ayak (Dactylonectria, Ilyonectria, Campylocarpon, Cylindrocladiella veya Neonectria), Botryosphaeriae dieback (Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Neofusicoccum parvum ve Botryosphaeria dothidea) Eutypa dieback, (Eutypa lata ve Diatrypaceae spp.) Phomopsis dieback, (Phomopsis viticola) yer almaktadır. AGH enfeksiyonları kısa veya uzun vadede asmaların ölümüne neden olur. Global ölçekte, bağcılığın sürdürülebilirliğini etkidiğinden ve tüm bağcı ülkelerde hızla yayıldığından, son otuz yıldır asmanın en yıkıcı hastalıkları olarak kabul edilmektedir. AGH’nın kontrolünde sıcak su uygulaması (SSU), tarım kimyasalları ve dezenfektanlar kullanılmaktadır. SSU′na genç asmalar, dinlenme halindeki aşı gözü veya anaç çelikleri, köklü veya aşılı köklü asma fidanları ve Vitis vinifera çeşitleri farklı düzeyde hassasiyet gösterebilirler. Bu hassasiyet çeliklerin veya fidanların büyüdüğü mevsim sıcaklıklarından etkilenebilir ve uygulanacak sıcaklık aralığı, kontrol edilecek patojenlere göre değişebilir. Asma çeliklerindeki AGH′nı baskılamak için çeşidine göre değişen aralıklarda SSU′ları (30-45 dakika süreyle 45-54°C) önerilmektedir. SSU, asma çoğaltma materyalleri ile taşınabilecek filoksera, nematod ve fitoplazma patojenleri için etkin bir kontrol yöntemidir. Kaliteli bir asma fidanı, sağlıklı, ismine doğru, iyi bir bitki formuna sahip, iyi kaynaşmış, virüsler ve patojenlerden arındırılmış, çevresel strese maruz kalmamış olmalıdır. Bu derlemede, asma çoğaltma materyallerinin patojenik bakteri, mantar, nematod, fitoplazma ve filoksera enfeksiyonlarının kontrolünde kullanılan SSU çalışmalarının bir özeti sunulmuştur.
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Sosnowski, Mark R., and Dion C. Mundy. "Pruning Wound Protection Strategies for Simultaneous Control of Eutypa and Botryosphaeria Dieback in New Zealand." Plant Disease 103, no. 3 (March 2019): 519–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-05-18-0728-re.
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The grapevine trunk diseases Eutypa and Botryosphaeria dieback threaten the sustainability of vineyards worldwide. This study aimed to develop practical and efficient wound protection strategies, which will lead to widespread adoption of preventative control for these diseases and increased longevity of vineyards. Five fungicides (tebuconazole, carbendazim, fluazinam, mancozeb, and flusilazole) were evaluated for efficacy against Eutypa lata and Neofusicoccum luteum infection on pruning wounds of ‘Sauvignon blanc’ in a New Zealand vineyard. All five fungicides controlled infection by both pathogens to varying degrees, with mean percent disease control of 70 to 90% for E. lata and 33 to 93% for N. luteum. This has led to the first known registration of a fungicide, fluazinam (Gem), for simultaneous control of both Eutypa and Botryosphaeria dieback. Furthermore, application of carbendazim with tractor-driven sprayers provided similar control of E. lata and N. luteum to that when applied by hand with a paintbrush. This constitutes the first report of Botryosphaeria dieback control with fungicides applied with tractor-driven sprayers.
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Díaz, Gonzalo A., Adrían Valdez, Francois Halleen, Enrique Ferrada, Mauricio Lolas, and Bernardo A. Latorre. "Characterization and Pathogenicity of Diplodia, Lasiodiplodia, and Neofusicoccum Species Causing Botryosphaeria Canker and Dieback of Apple Trees in Central Chile." Plant Disease 106, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 925–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-06-21-1291-re.
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In recent years, the number of apple trees affected by Botryosphaeria cankers and dieback has considerably increased in central Chile. This study aimed to identify the species of Botryosphaeriaceae associated with canker and dieback symptoms, estimate disease incidence and distributions, and study their pathogenicity and virulence on apple and other fruit crops. A field survey of 34 commercial orchards of apple (7 to 30 years old) was conducted in 16 localities, obtaining 270 symptomatic branch and trunk samples in 2017 and 2018 growing seasons. The incidence of Botryosphaeria canker and dieback ranged between 5 and 40%, and a total of 255 isolates of Botryosphaeriaceae spp. were obtained from 238 cankers. Morphological identification along with phylogenetic studies of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) of the rDNA, part of the translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1-α), and part of the β-tubulin (tub2) genes allowed us to identify Diplodia mutila (n = 49 isolates), D. seriata (n = 136 isolates), Lasiodiplodia theobromae (n = 16 isolates), and Neofusicoccum arbuti (n = 54 isolates). L. theobromae was isolated mainly from apple dieback from northern localities. All pathogens tested were pathogenic, causing canker and dieback symptoms on lignified twigs of apple, pear, walnut, and green grapevine shoots in the field. Isolates of N. arbuti were the most virulent, reproducing more severe cankers on the lignified tissues inoculated. This study reports, for the first time, D. mutila and L. theobromae associated with Botryosphaeria canker and dieback in Chile, and it is the first description of N. arbuti causing apple dieback worldwide.
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Haenzi, Martine, Bastien Cochard, Romain Chablais, Julien Crovadore, and François Lefort. "Neofusicoccum parvum, A New Agent of Sequoia Canker and Dieback Identified in Geneva, Switzerland." Forests 12, no. 4 (April 4, 2021): 434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12040434.
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Fungi were isolated in pure cultures from decaying giant sequoias in Geneva (Switzerland). Isolates were genetically identified by ITS rDNA sequencing. Young giant sequoia trees were artificially infected with a pure culture of Botryosphaeria parva. Henle-Koch’s Postulates demonstrated that Botryosphaeria parva was pathogenic to Sequoiadendron giganteum. When analysing the microorganisms associated to canker and dieback symptoms in a giant sequoias (Sequoiadendron giganteum) in Geneva, the fungus Neofusicoccum parvum (Pennycook & Samuels) Crous, Slippers & A.J.L. Phillips, teleomorph Botryosphaeria parva (Pennycook & Samuels) Crous, Slippers & A.J.L. Phillips, was isolated, whereas such symptoms are commonly associated to Fusicoccum aesculi (teleomorph Botryosphaeria dothidea). These two fungal species belong to the same genus Botryosphaeria of the Botryosphaeriaceae family. Because Neofusicoccum parvum was causing cankers and diebacks in other woody species around the world, we extended the analysis to other trees displaying sequoia dieback symptoms in order to evaluate the involvement of Neofusicoccum parvum in such increasing symptoms in sequoias in Geneva. Dried twigs, trunk, and branch cankers from diseased trees were sampled on several distinct sites. From all samples, isolated fungi in pure cultures showed a phenotype typical of Botryosphaeriaceae species. Isolates were then genetically identified at the species level. Subsequently Neofusicoccum parvum was inoculated to young giant sequoia trees, re-isolated in pure culture from provoked symptoms, and re-identified to fulfil Henle-Koch’s postulates. The identification confirmed that Neofusicoccum parvum was present on all sites, while Fusicoccum aesculi was retrieved only once alone. The inoculation of Neofusicoccum parvum isolates on young sequoias demonstrated for the first time that this fungus was able to develop cankers in Sequoiadendron giganteum. Neofusicoccum parvum could, therefore, be the major cause for dying of giant sequoias in the Geneva Lake area.
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Zhao, Liang, Shuangmei You, Hui Zou, and Xin Guan. "Transcriptome Analysis and Cell Morphology of Vitis rupestris Cells to Botryosphaeria Dieback Pathogen Diplodia seriata." Genes 12, no. 2 (January 27, 2021): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12020179.
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Diplodia seriata, one of the major causal agents of Botryosphaeria dieback, spreads worldwide, causing cankers, leaf spots and fruit black rot in grapevine. Vitis rupestris is an American wild grapevine widely used for resistance and rootstock breeding and was found to be highly resistant to Botryosphaeria dieback. The defense responses of V. rupestris to D. seriata 98.1 were analyzed by RNA-seq in this study. There were 1365 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) annotated with Gene Ontology (GO) and enriched by the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database. The DEGs could be allocated to the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway and the plant–pathogen interaction pathway. Among them, 53 DEGs were transcription factors (TFs). The expression levels of 12 genes were further verified by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The aggregation of proteins on the plasma membrane, formation variations in the cytoskeleton and plasmodesmata and hormone regulations revealed a declined physiological status in V. rupestris suspension cells after incubation with the culture filtrates of D. seriata 98.1. This study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms in grapevine cells’ response to D. seriata 98.1, which will be valuable for the control of Botryosphaeria dieback.
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Baskarathevan, J., M. V. Jaspers, E. E. Jones, and H. J. Ridgway. "Distribution of Botryosphaeria species causing grapevine dieback and decline in New Zealand vineyards." New Zealand Plant Protection 61 (August 1, 2008): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2008.61.6867.
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Worldwide 11 species of Botryosphaeria have been isolated from grapevines in association with a wide range of decline and dieback symptoms Currently there is little knowledge on what species are present in New Zealand A comprehensive survey was carried out during June to December 2007 to collect Botryosphaeria species from New Zealand vineyards More than 450 isolates including B parva B lutea B australis B stevensii B obtusa and B iberica were isolated from symptomatic material No correlation was observed between the species of Botryosphaeria and grapevine variety or age The highest incidence of Botryosphaeria species (977 ) was from Blenheim and lowest (164 ) was from Otago The most commonly isolated species was B parva followed by B stevensii Fusicoccum type Botryosphaeria species such as B parva and B lutea were more prevalent in the North Island and Diplodia type species including B stevensii and B obtusa dominated in the South Island It is likely that the Botryosphaeria species distribution in New Zealand is influenced by climatic conditions This information has implications for development of control strategies
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Spagnolo, Alessandro, Maryline Magnin-Robert, Tchilabalo Dilezitoko Alayi, Clara Cilindre, Christine Schaeffer-Reiss, Alain Van Dorsselaer, Christophe Clément, et al. "Differential Responses of Three Grapevine Cultivars to Botryosphaeria Dieback." Phytopathology® 104, no. 10 (October 2014): 1021–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-01-14-0007-r.
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Botryosphaeria dieback is a fungal grapevine trunk disease that represents a threat for viticulture worldwide due to the decreased production of affected plants and their premature death. This dieback is characterized by a typical wood discoloration called brown stripe. Herein, a proteome comparison of the brown striped wood from Botryosphaeria dieback-affected standing vines cultivars Chardonnay, Gewurztraminer, and Mourvèdre was performed. The transcript analysis for 15 targeted genes and the quantification of both total phenolics and specific stilbenes were also performed. Several pathogenesis-related proteins and members of the antioxidant system were more abundant in the brown striped wood of the three cultivars, whereas other defense-related proteins were less abundant. Additionally, total phenolics and some specific stilbenes were more accumulated in the brown striped wood. Strongest differences among the cultivars concerned proteins of the primary metabolism, which looked to be particularly impaired in the brown striped wood of ‘Chardonnay’. Low abundance of some proteins involved in defense response probably contributes to make global response insufficient to avoid the symptom development. The differential susceptibility of the three grapevine cultivars could be linked to the diverse expression of various proteins involved in defense response, stress tolerance, and metabolism.
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DELGADO-RAMÍREZ, Carmen Sanjuana, Edgardo SEPÚLVEDA, Edelweiss Airam RANGEL-MONTOYA, Cesar VALENZUELA-SOLANO, and Rufina HERNANDEZ-MARTINEZ. "Heritage grapevines as sources of biological control agents for Botryosphaeria dieback pathogens." Phytopathologia Mediterranea 60, no. 2 (May 12, 2023): 115–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/phyto-14154.
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Grapevine trunk diseases cause severe damage in grapevines. Management strategies focus on protection of grapevine pruning wounds using chemical fungicides or biological control agents. Botryosphaeria dieback, caused mainly by Lasiodiplodia spp., is one of the main trunk diseases in northwest Mexico. This study obtained endophytic bacteria and fungi from the heritage grapevine Vitis vinifera cv. ‘Mission’ for potential biological control of Botryosphaeria dieback. A collection of 135 bacterial and 37 fungal isolates were obtained and initially tested for antagonistic activity against Lasiodiplodia brasiliensis. The most promising isolates belonging to Trichoderma and Bacillus spp. were selected and characterized to determine their modes of action. Bacillus isolates produced volatile organic compounds that inhibited growth of Neofusicoccum parvum, and diffusible organic compounds with antifungal effects against L. brasiliensis and N. parvum. Trichoderma isolates produced diffusible organic compounds and were mycoparasites. In greenhouse assays, plants inoculated with three Trichoderma asperellum isolates (T20BCMX, EF09BCMX, and EF11BCMX), B. amyloliquefaciens (BEVP26BCMX) or Bacillus sp. (rbES015), applied preventively in soil, gave up to 50% smaller necrotic lesions when compared with the plants inoculated only with L. brasiliensis. In the field, plants inoculated with three Bacillus isolates (BEVP02BCMX, BEVP26BCMX, BEVP31BCMX) or five Trichoderma (T11BCMX, T15BCMX, T17BCMX, T20BCMX, and EF11BCMX) had lesions up to four times smaller than control plants inoculated only with L. brasiliensis. This study has demonstrated the potential of heritage grapevines to provide biological control agents for Botryosphaeria dieback.
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Mundy, D. C., and M. A. Manning. "Ecology and management of grapevine trunk diseases in New Zealand a review." New Zealand Plant Protection 63 (August 1, 2010): 160–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2010.63.6558.
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Grapevine trunk diseases threaten the longevity of vineyard production in New Zealand This paper provides a summary of the knowledge of the most common fungal grapevine trunk diseases as well as identifying gaps that require further research Current knowledge of symptoms causal organisms etiology and disease control of botryosphaeria dieback esca eutypa dieback and Petri disease are discussed Additional information about how these diseases may be influenced by different vineyard practices common in New Zealand viticulture is provided
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Úrbez-Torres, J. R., G. M. Leavitt, T. M. Voegel, and W. D. Gubler. "Identification and Distribution of Botryosphaeria spp. Associated with Grapevine Cankers in California." Plant Disease 90, no. 12 (December 2006): 1490–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-90-1490.
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Botryosphaeria spp. recently have been identified as important grapevine pathogens worldwide. To date, Botryosphaeria rhodina has been the only species associated with cankers on Vitis vinifera in California. A field survey of 166 vineyards in 21 counties was conducted in order to determine the occurrence of other Botryosphaeria spp. in California. In all, 1,735 samples of cankered trunks, cordons, and spurs were collected. Botryosphaeria spp. were the most common fungi isolated from grapevine cankers in California. Morphological identification along with phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and a partial sequence of the β-tubulin gene showed that at least seven Botryosphaeria spp. occur on grapevines in California: B. australis, B. dothidea, B. lutea, B. obtusa, B. parva, B. rhodina, and B. stevensii. Botryosphaeria spp. were found in grapevine cankers in all grape-growing regions surveyed in California, whereas incidence and distribution varied with location. Grapevine cankers in California have been associated mainly with Eutypa dieback. However, the frequent recovery of Botryosphaeria spp. from cankers in this study indicates that the role of these fungi in grapevine health needs to be more carefully considered.
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Toljander, Y. K., P. Nyeko, E. Stenström, K. Ihrmark, and P. Barklund. "First Report of Canker and Dieback Disease of Grevillea robusta in East Africa Caused by Botryosphaeria spp." Plant Disease 91, no. 6 (June 2007): 773. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-91-6-0773b.
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An outbreak of a canker and dieback disease was observed for the first time on Grevillea robusta in Uganda during October of 2001. Disease symptoms included dieback of shoots and branches, lesions and canker formation on the stems, clear or yellow-to-red exudates on stems and branches, formation of clusters of small and deformed leaves, and sapling and tree mortality. Isolations were made from the inner bark and wood of stems and branches in the Masaka and Rakai districts of Uganda in March and August to October of 2003. Samples from the border between healthy and necrotic tissues were plated on potato dextrose agar, vegetable juice agar, and water agar as well as on selective Phytophthora medium. Fungal isolates from several of the symptomatic trees were identified as belonging to the genus Botryosphaeria on the basis of morphological characteristics. Botryosphaeria-like fungi were not isolated from healthy trees. The internal transcribed spacer regions of the ribosomal DNA, as well as parts of the beta-tubulin and elongation factor 1-alpha genes, were sequenced from eight of these isolates. Five isolates matched Botryosphaeria parva in GenBank and one isolate matched B. rhodina. Two isolates matched an unidentified Botryosphaeria sp. previously isolated from Eucalyptus grandis in Uganda (GenBank Accession Nos. AY228102 and AY226852). Pathogenicity tests were performed by inoculating 10 18-month-old G. robusta seedlings with each isolate. A 10-mm3 malt agar plug with mycelium was inserted into a cut in the bark and the wound was sealed using grafting tape. One month after inoculation, the number of seedlings displaying death from the point of inoculation to the top (TM) and whole seedling mortality (SM) were recorded. Six of the isolates produced pathogenic responses in the seedlings: Botryosphaeria sp. isolate 1 (TM 10, SM 2), Botryosphaeria sp. isolate 2 (TM 10, SM 1), B. parva isolate 1 (TM 6, SM 1), B. parva isolate 2 (TM 3, SM 1), B. parva isolate 3 (TM 3, SM 0), and B. parva isolate 4 (TM1, SM 0). Inoculation with B. parva isolate 5 and B. rhodina, as well as sterile agar plugs, resulted in no TM or SM. The canker and dieback disease seems to be widespread in the East African Region since typical symptoms have been observed on G. robusta in Kenya (February 2004) and Ethiopia (February 2006). Botryosphaeria spp. are known to have multiple hosts and have been isolated from several other species in this region, including Eucalyptus spp. (1,2). From these findings, it appears that the same species of Botryosphaeria, which are previously known to be pathogenic on Eucalyptus, also cause serious disease on G. robusta. References: (1) A. Gezahgne et al. S. Afr. J. Sci. 99:29, 2003. (2) J. Roux et al. S. Afr. J. Sci. 97:16, 2001.
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Sammonds, J., R. Billones, H. J. Ridgway, M. Walter, and M. V. Jaspers. "Survey of blueberry farms for Botryosphaeria dieback and crown rot pathogens." New Zealand Plant Protection 62 (August 1, 2009): 238–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2009.62.4826.
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Dieback and crown rot affect about 18 of blueberry plants in the main New Zealand production areas costing about 500000 annually due to yield losses and replanting costs Samples of symptomatic plants and stems were collected from six blueberry farms in the central North Island to determine which pathogens were responsible From the 70 plants collected numerous isolations from branch bases and tips stem lesions and crowns revealed the apparent presence of Botryosphaeria species in 69 645 543 and 70 of samples respectively These Botryosphaeria spp were also found in a few roots and leaves but not fruit from symptomatic plants nor in healthy asymptomatic stems Morphological examination of conidia from 40 cultures identified B lutea B parva B lutea/australis and B obtusa with one unidentified Botryosphaeria species apparently of the Neofusicoccum type Molecular identification of 14 representative isolates from these 40 confirmed the presence of B lutea B parva and B australis
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Petrović, Elena, Karolina Vrandečić, Andreina Belušić Vozila, Jasenka Ćosić, and Sara Godena. "Diversity and Pathogenicity of Botryosphaeriaceae Species Isolated from Olives in Istria, Croatia, and Evaluation of Varietal Resistance." Plants 13, no. 13 (July 1, 2024): 1813. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13131813.
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During 2021 and 2022, a field investigation was conducted in Istria, Croatia, searching for trees exhibiting signs of Botryosphaeria dieback. Samples of symptomatic trees were collected from 26 different locations and analysed. Isolates that morphologically corresponded to species from the Botryosphaeriaceae family were selected, and detailed morphological characterisation and molecular identification of the isolates were conducted. Based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), beta-tubulin (TUB2), and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1-α) regions, six species of fungi from the Botryosphaeriaceae family were identified: Botryosphaeria dothidea (Moug. ex Fr.) Ces. & De Not.; Diplodia mutila (Fr.) Fr.; Diplodia seriata De Not.; Dothiorella iberica A.J.L. Phillips, J. Luque & A. Alves; Dothiorella sarmentorum (Fr.) A.J.L. Phillips, Alves & Luque; and Neofusicoccum parvum (Pennycook & Samuels) Crous, Slippers & A.J.L. Phillips. This is the first report of D. mutila, Do. sarmentorum, and Do. iberica causing Botryosphaeria dieback on olive trees in Croatia, and the first study investigating the resistance of Croatian olive varieties to species from the Botryosphaeriaceae family. Pathogenicity testing of selected isolates and assessment of variety resistance were conducted on four different olive varieties, namely Buža, Istarska bjelica, Leccino, and Rosinjola, using representative isolates of the mentioned species. The most aggressive species was found to be N. parvum. Olive varieties exhibited differences in susceptibility depending on the fungus they were infected with.
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Reilly, Charles C., Bruce W. Wood, and Katherine L. Stevenson. "Relationship of Shoot Dieback in Pecan to Fungi and Fruiting Stress." HortScience 45, no. 1 (January 2010): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.45.1.87.
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Two shoot dieback maladies (SDM) of pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch] are of unknown cause and can adversely affect tree canopy health. They occur during either early spring (SpSDM) or early summer (SuSDM). Field studies found that both maladies predominantly occur on shoots retaining peduncles from the previous crop year's fruit cluster. Isolations of transition zone (from living to dead) tissue of symptomatic shoots, of 14 cultivars, found Phomopsis sp. in 89% or greater of samples and Botryosphaeria spp. in 40% or greater of sampled shoots. Isolations occasionally found some combination of eight other apparently saprobic fungal genera with individual genera typically present in 10% or less of symptomatic shoots but were always present in association with either Phomopsis sp. or Botryosphaeria spp. when shoots exhibited either SuSDM or SpSDM. The SpSDM form was associated with 10 cm or less of the shoot's length before budbreak in early March before expanding to 30 cm or greater by late June to produce the SuSDM form, thus, providing evidence for an ongoing and expanding infection common to both SDM forms. The incidence of both “Phomopsis-associated” SDM forms was greatest on trees likely exhibiting substantial stress, some of which was crop-associated. The consistent association of these two fungi with SDM indicates a role for one or both in its development; however, further pathogenicity research is needed to determine if they are the primary cause of these shoot dieback maladies and how they interact with stress factors. Linkage of Phomopsis sp., and possibly Botryosphaeria spp., to these two SDMs raises the possibility of significant canopy damage in prolific cultivars and emphasizes the importance of management practices that minimize stress in orchard trees.
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Epstein, Lynn, Kaur Sukhwinder, and Jean S. VanderGheynst. "Botryosphaeria-related dieback and control investigated in noncoastal California grapevines." California Agriculture 62, no. 4 (May 2008): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3733/ca.v062n04p161.
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Reis, Pedro, Maryline Magnin-Robert, Teresa Nascimento, Alessandro Spagnolo, Eliane Abou-Mansour, Cristina Fioretti, Christophe Clément, Cecilia Rego, and Florence Fontaine. "Reproducing Botryosphaeria Dieback Foliar Symptoms in a Simple Model System." Plant Disease 100, no. 6 (June 2016): 1071–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-10-15-1194-re.
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Botryosphaeria dieback is a grapevine trunk disease with a worldwide distribution associated with Diplodia seriata and Neofusicoccum parvum, among several other Botryosphaeriaceae species. The aforementioned xylem-inhabiting fungi cause wood lesions and leaf and berry symptoms, and eventually lead to the death of the plant. The aim of this work was to develop a simple model system to reproduce the foliar symptoms caused by D. seriata and N. parvum to better characterize fungal pathogenicity and determine the mechanisms involved in symptom development. Green stems of grafted ‘Aragonez’ grapevine cuttings were inoculated with three isolates of N. parvum and two isolates of D. seriata with different degrees of virulence and the experiment was repeated four times from 2011 to 2014. Three months after inoculation, the lesions associated with N. parvum were larger than those associated with D. seriata. Similarly, 8 months after inoculation, the percentage of plants showing foliar symptoms was greater in the N. parvum treatments than in the D. seriata treatments. During the emergence of foliar symptoms, plant stress-related responses were modulated in green stems and leaves, especially a downregulation of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and fasciclin-like arabinogalactan protein (fascAGP) and an upregulation of stilbene synthase (STS) genes with an accumulation of phenolics. In conclusion, the simple model system developed allowed a good characterization of isolate pathogenicity and correlation with foliar symptoms of Botryosphaeria dieback, namely spots on leaf margin and blade.
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Lemaitre-Guillier, Christelle, Florence Fontaine, Chloé Roullier-Gall, Mourad Harir, Maryline Magnin-Robert, Christophe Clément, Sophie Trouvelot, Régis D. Gougeon, Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin, and Marielle Adrian. "Cultivar- and Wood Area-Dependent Metabolomic Fingerprints of Grapevine Infected by Botryosphaeria Dieback." Phytopathology® 110, no. 11 (November 2020): 1821–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-02-20-0055-r.
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Botryosphaeria dieback is one of the most significant grapevine trunk diseases that affects the sustainability of the vineyards and provokes economic losses. The causal agents, Botryosphaeriaceae species, live in and colonize the wood of the perennial organs causing wood necrosis. Diseased vines show foliar symptoms, chlorosis, or apoplexy, associated to a characteristic brown stripe under the bark. According to the susceptibility of the cultivars, specific proteins such as PR-proteins and other defense-related proteins are accumulated in the brown stripe compared with the healthy woody tissues. In this study, we enhanced the characterization of the brown stripe and the healthy wood by obtaining a metabolite profiling for the three cultivars Chardonnay, Gewurztraminer, and Mourvèdre to deeper understand the interaction between the Botryosphaeria dieback pathogens and grapevine. The study confirmed a specific pattern according to the cultivar and revealed significant differences between the brown stripe and the healthy wood, especially for phytochemical and lipid compounds. This is the first time that such chemical discrimination was made and that lipids were so remarkably highlighted in the interaction of Botryosphaeriaceae species and grapevine. Their role in the disease development is discussed.
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Ma, Tianling, Yu Zhang, Chenyi Yan, and Chuanqing Zhang. "Phenotypic and Genomic Difference among Four Botryosphaeria Pathogens in Chinese Hickory Trunk Canker." Journal of Fungi 9, no. 2 (February 4, 2023): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof9020204.
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Botryosphaeria species are amongst the most widespread and important canker and dieback pathogens of trees worldwide, with B. dothidea as one of the most common Botryosphaeria species. However, the information related to the widespread incidence and aggressiveness of B. dothidea among various Botryosphaeria species causing trunk cankers is still poorly investigated. In this study, the metabolic phenotypic diversity and genomic differences of four Chinese hickory canker-related Botryosphaeria pathogens, including B. dothidea, B. qingyuanensis, B. fabicerciana, and B. corticis, were systematically studied to address the competitive fitness of B. dothidea. Large-scale screening of physiologic traits using a phenotypic MicroArray/OmniLog system (PMs) found B. dothidea has a broader spectrum of nitrogen source and greater tolerance toward osmotic pressure (sodium benzoate) and alkali stress among Botryosphaeria species. Moreover, the annotation of B. dothidea species-specific genomic information via a comparative genomics analysis found 143 B. dothidea species-specific genes that not only provides crucial cues in the prediction of B. dothidea species-specific function but also give a basis for the development of a B. dothidea molecular identification method. A species-specific primer set Bd_11F/Bd_11R has been designed based on the sequence of B. dothidea species-specific gene jg11 for the accurate identification of B. dothidea in disease diagnoses. Overall, this study deepens the understanding in the widespread incidence and aggressiveness of B. dothidea among various Botryosphaeria species, providing valuable clues to assist in trunk cankers management.
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Old, KM, R. Gibbs, I. Craig, BJ Myers, and ZQ Yuan. "Effect of Drought and Defoliation on the Susceptibility of Eucalypts to Cankers Caused by Endothia gyrosa and Botryosphaeria ribis." Australian Journal of Botany 38, no. 6 (1990): 571. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9900571.
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Seedlings, saplings and mature eucalypts were susceptible to infection by Endothia gyrosa and Botryosphaeria ribis. Eucalyptus regnans and E. delegatensis were more susceptible than E. grandis and E. saligna. In trees not subjected to stress, cankers were limited in extent and often healed. When trees were defoliated, either manually or by severe insect attack, stem concentrations of both starch and soluble carbohydrates were reduced and canker development in some pathogen/host combinations was increased. Seedlings subjected to water stress were not predisposed to canker formation. The association of E. gyrosa with branch dieback of rural eucalypts suffering from chronic defoliation suggests that canker fungi contribute to the crown dieback syndrome in south-eastern Australia.
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Darge, Wendu A., and Samuel S. Woldemariam. "Botryosphaeria Tree Fungal Pathogens and Their Diversity." International Journal of Phytopathology 10, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/phytopath.010.01.3447.
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The genus Botryosphaeria identified in 1863 as saprophytes of dead tissue of woody plants have been described as pathogens of economically important plantation trees in agriculture and native forests. The genus is a species-rich, worldwide distributed occurring on diverse host ranges. Species of the Botryosphaeria are reported as the pathogens of many plantation trees, including species of Acacia, Eucalyptus, and Pinus causing canker and rapid dieback diseases which often end up in death. Botryosphaeria fungal pathogens have cross pathogenicity on different host tree species which enables them important and focus area of research. The taxonomy of Botryosphaeria spp. have been under research, identification of these fungi has generally been based on morphological features of the anamorph that usually seen under the microscope. Characters that are used to classify genera in the Botryosphaeria have mostly relied on the macroscopic features of the ascospores and the conidial features. Currently, molecular techniques such as DNA sequencing involving amplification of ITS region are important for exact identification of the genera to species level. Recent molecular, phylogenetic and morphological findings showed that order Botryosphaeriales is diverse consisting nine families and 33 genera with 23 genera only in the family Botryosphaeriaceae. Botryosphaeria spp. are naturally endophytes associated with tree plants known to cause monocyclic or polycyclic diseases resulting in polyetic epidemics. The factor that makes plants more prone to Botryosphaeria fungal species is assumed to be stress or wounding associated with the host plants. Global climate change driven drought is an important factor that initiate stress resulting in nutrient deficiencies. Botryosphaeria fungal tree diseases can be best managed by ensuring plants are in optimal health through appropriate integration of cultural, silvicultural and fungicidal applications to effectively prevent and control the diseases.
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Reis, Pedro, Ana Gaspar, Artur Alves, Florence Fontaine, and Cecília Rego. "Combining an HA + Cu (II) Site-Targeted Copper-Based Product with a Pruning Wound Protection Program to Prevent Infection with Lasiodiplodia spp. in Grapevine." Plants 10, no. 11 (November 4, 2021): 2376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10112376.
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The genus Lasiodiplodia has been reported from several grape growing regions and is considered as one of the fastest wood colonizers, causing Botryosphaeria dieback. The aim of this study was to (i) evaluate the efficacy of Esquive®, a biocontrol agent, on vineyard pruning wound protection, applied single or, in a combined protection strategy with a new site-targeted copper-based treatment (LC2017), and (ii) compare their efficacy with chemical protection provided by the commercially available product, Tessior®. For two seasons, protectants were applied onto pruning wounds, while LC2017 was applied throughout the season according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Pruning wounds of two different cultivars were inoculated with three isolates of Lasiodiplodia spp. Efficacy of the wound protectants, varied between both years of the assay and according to the cultivar studied but were able to control the pathogen to some extent. The application of LC2017 did not show clear evidence of improving the control obtained by the sole application of the other products tested. Nevertheless, LC2017 showed a fungistatic effect against Lasiodiplodia spp., in vitro, and has previously shown an elicitor effect against grapevine trunk diseases. Therefore, this combination of two protection strategies may constitute a promising long-term approach to mitigate the impact of Botryosphaeria dieback.
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RANGEL-MONTOYA, Edelweiss A., Philippe E. ROLSHAUSEN, and Rufina HERNANDEZ-MARTINEZ. "Unravelling the colonization mechanism of Lasiodiplodia brasiliensis in grapevine plants." Phytopathologia Mediterranea 60, no. 2 (May 12, 2023): 135–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/phyto-14198.
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Botryosphaeriaceae cause the degenerative disease Botryosphaeria dieback in many woody hosts, including grapevine. These pathogens penetrate host plants through pruning wounds, and colonize vascular tissues causing necrotic lesions, cankers, and eventually plant death. Colonization processes by Botryosphaeriaceae and their interactions with their hosts has been understudied. The colonization mechanisms were examined for Lasiodiplodia brasiliensis, a common pathogen causing Botryosphaeria dieback in Mexican vineyards. Lasiodiplodia brasiliensis MXBCL28 was inoculated onto grapevine ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ plants, and after 2 months, infected tissues were observed with microscopy using histological techniques. Lasiodiplodia brasiliensis was also cultured on different carbon sources representing cell walls and non-structural plant components, to complement histology data. The host responded to wounding by developing xylem vessel occlusions with tyloses and deposition of suberin in cambium and ray parenchyma. Infection response also included deposition of suberin in pith tissues, reinforcement of cell walls with phenolic compounds, and lignin deposition in xylem vessels and ray parenchyma. The pathogen could overcome host compartmentalization mechanisms and colonize wood tissue causing extensive necrosis. The fungus was visualized in host cambium, vascular bundles, xylem vessels, and pith, and infected tissues were depleted in starch in the ray parenchyma. Cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in cell walls were also degraded, supporting in vitro data.
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RUMBOS, I. C. "Twig and branch dieback of walnut trees induced by Botryosphaeria ribis." Plant Pathology 36, no. 4 (December 1987): 602–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1987.tb02281.x.
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Pollard-Flamand, Jinxz, Julie Boulé, Miranda Hart, and José Ramón Úrbez-Torres. "Biological Control of Botryosphaeria Dieback of Grapevines in British Columbia, Canada." American Journal of Enology and Viticulture 74, no. 2 (2023): 0740034. http://dx.doi.org/10.5344/ajev.2023.23052.
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Kenfaoui, Jihane, Nabil Radouane, Mohammed Mennani, Abdessalem Tahiri, Lahsen El Ghadraoui, Zineb Belabess, Florence Fontaine, et al. "A Panoramic View on Grapevine Trunk Diseases Threats: Case of Eutypa Dieback, Botryosphaeria Dieback, and Esca Disease." Journal of Fungi 8, no. 6 (June 1, 2022): 595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8060595.
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Grapevine trunk diseases (GTD) are currently one of the most devastating and challenging diseases in viticulture, leading to considerable yield losses and a remarkable decline in grapevine quality. The identification of the causal agents is the cornerstone of an efficient approach to fighting against fungal diseases in a sustainable, non-chemical manner. This review attempts to describe and expose the symptoms of each pathology related to GTD, the modes of transmission, and the harmfulness of recently reported agents. Special attention was given to new diagnostic tests and technologies, grapevine defense mechanisms, molecular mechanisms of endophytes fungal colonization, and management strategies used to control these threats. The present extended review is, therefore, an updated state-of-the-art report on the progress in the management of vineyards.
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Ramos, Leandro J., Thomas L. Davenport, Robert T. McMillan, and S. Pablo Lara. "The Resistance of Mango (Mangifera indica) Cultivars to Tip Dieback Disease in Florida." Plant Disease 81, no. 5 (May 1997): 509–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1997.81.5.509.
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The resistance of Mangifera indica to tip dieback disease caused by Botryosphaeria ribis, anamorphic state Fusicoccum sp., was determined on 361 trees of 122 mango cultivars and relatives planted in the mango germ plasm collection at the University of Florida, Tropical Research and Education Center, Homestead. Three trees from each cultivar were evaluated on a 1 to 5 scale ranging from those free of tip dieback to those with extensive branch necrosis. Each cultivar was assigned to one of eight major systematic groups based on race or geographic origin. Resistance to tip dieback disease was not associated with any of the groups. No significant differences in mean disease severity were found among the Indian, Southeast Asian, West Indian, Haden, or Sandersha parts of the Haden-Sandersha Complex, Turpentine types, or a group of unclassified cultivars. Two Mangifera species (M. odorata and M. zeylanica) showed the lowest mean disease rating. Cultivars were also grouped into monoembryonic and polyembryonic types. Although several mango cultivars, mainly found in the monoembryonic group, appeared to be free of the disease, resistance to tip dieback was not associated with embryony. This study provides the first indication that field resistance to tip dieback may be present in some mango cultivars.
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Carlucci, Antonia, Francesca Cibelli, Francesco Lops, and Maria Luisa Raimondo. "Characterization of Botryosphaeriaceae Species as Causal Agents of Trunk Diseases on Grapevines." Plant Disease 99, no. 12 (December 2015): 1678–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-03-15-0286-re.
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Botryosphaeriaceae spp. have a cosmopolitan distribution and a wide range of plant hosts. Over the last 15 years, worldwide, 21 species of this family have been associated with grapevine trunk diseases that cause cankers and dieback on grapevines. Here, we surveyed vineyards of Vitis vinifera ‘Lambrusco’, ‘Sangiovese’, and ‘Montepulciano’ in three areas of the Foggia province (Cerignola, Foggia, and San Severo) in southern Italy. Wood samples from grapevines showing general decline, dieback, cankers, and wood and foliar discoloration yielded 344 fungal isolates identified as Botryosphaeriaceae spp. A phylogenetic study combining internal transcribed spacer and translation elongation factor 1-α sequences of 60 representative isolates identified nine botryosphaeriaceous species: Botryosphaeria dothidea, Diplodia corticola, D. mutila, D. seriata, Dothiorella iberica, Do. sarmentorum, Lasiodiplodia citricola, L. theobromae, and Neofusicoccum parvum. Pathogenicity tests confirmed that all nine species cause canker and dieback of grapevines. However, this is the first report of L. citricola as causal agent of wood cankers and dieback of grapevine. To date, including L. citricola, there are 25 botryosphaeriaceous species associated with V. vinifera worldwide, of which 12 have been reported for grapevines in Italy.
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Hlaiem, S., O. Yangui I, Ezzine, G. Della Rocca, S. Barberini, R. Danti, and ML Ben Jamâa. "Characterization and pathogenicity of Diplodia seriata causing branch canker on Pinus pinea in Tunisia." Plant Pathology & Quarantine 12, no. 1 (2022): 124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5943/ppq/12/1/10.
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Several species of Botryosphaeriaceae family are among the most aggressive pathogens associated with botryosphaeria dieback of agricultural and forestry trees. Particularly, Diplodia spp. having a cosmopolitan distribution, are well-known as virulent of woody plant hosts including Pinus spp. In recent years, symptoms of canopy wilt, branch dieback, necrosis, and trunk cankers have been noticed on Pinus pinea trees in Tunisian forests. However, this has been less welldocumented in North Africa and especially in Tunisia. The aim of this study is to characterize the causal agent of P. pinea dieback in northeastern Tunisian forest. A collection of thirty-eight isolates obtained from symptomatic branches of P. pinea trees was identified as Diplodia seriata by means of morphological characteristics, and phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA. A pathogenicity test was conducted on 3-years-old P. pinea seedlings, confirmed the virulence of the fungus. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first record of D. seriata associated with branch canker on P. pinea in Tunisia.
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Kenfaoui, Jihane, Rachid Lahlali, Mohammed Mennani, Nabil Radouane, Khadija Goura, Hajar El Hamss, Lahsen El Ghadraoui, et al. "Botryosphaeria Dieback (Lasiodiplodia viticola): An Imminent Emerging Threat to the Moroccan Vineyards." Plants 11, no. 16 (August 21, 2022): 2167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11162167.
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A decline of various grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) in the province of Doukkala in Morocco was observed in 2021. The causal pathogen was identified as Lasiodiplodia viticola based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed region (ITS), the β-tubulin gene (TUB) and calmodulin (cmdA). Koch’s postulates were confirmed by successful re-isolation of L. viticola from plants inoculated with the pathogen under controlled conditions. The disease was shown to be prevalent in Bni Hilal (71.43%), Laamria (60%), and Boulaouane (40%) districts, but was quasi-absent in Lmechrek. To understand the dominance of L. viticola as one of the grapevine trunk pathogens, effects of temperature (10–40 °C) and pH (pH 3–pH 12) on growth and sporulation were investigated. The species were able to grow in a range of temperatures ranging from 15 to 40°C and showed a higher growth rate at 35 °C. The fungus were also characterized by a broad optimum pH ranging between 3–12. This study is the first report dealing with L. viticola associated with grapevine trunk diseases in Morocco. Additional studies are therefore required to understand the high occurrence of this disease in vineyards, which is likely due to climate changes. A good understanding of this complex disease might help to develop a reliable and sustainable preventive control strategy.
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XIE, Ling, Si-liang HUANG, Zhen-lu CEN, Wei-hong LU, Bi-xia QIN, Chen-guang TANG, Chun-jin HU, and Li-ping QIN. "First Report of Botryosphaeria dothidea Causing Sweet Osmanthus Leaf Dieback in China." Agricultural Sciences in China 9, no. 6 (June 2010): 847–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1671-2927(09)60163-2.
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Abou-Mansour, Eliane, Jean-Luc Débieux, Montserrat Ramírez-Suero, Mélanie Bénard-Gellon, Maryline Magnin-Robert, Alessandro Spagnolo, Julie Chong, et al. "Phytotoxic metabolites from Neofusicoccum parvum, a pathogen of Botryosphaeria dieback of grapevine." Phytochemistry 115 (July 2015): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.01.012.
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Amponsah, Nicholas T., Eirian Jones, Hayley J. Ridgway, and Marlene V. Jaspers. "Evaluation of fungicides for the management of Botryosphaeria dieback diseases of grapevines." Pest Management Science 68, no. 5 (January 30, 2012): 676–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.2309.
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Berraf, Akila, and Jean-Pierre Péros. "Importance of eutypa dieback and esca in Algeria and structure of the associated fungal community." OENO One 39, no. 3 (September 30, 2005): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2005.39.3.896.
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<p style="text-align: justify;">A preliminary survey performed in Algeria in 2003, revealed high percentages of dead vines and of vines affected by either Eutypa dieback or esca. Eutypa dieback appeared more frequent than esca. Cross sections revealed differents types of lesions whose frequency did not correlate with external symptoms. The main lesions were : black spots corresponding to plugged vessels, a central brown hard or soft lesion, a white rot lesion (amadou) and a sectorial brown hard lesion. The most frequent fungi isolated from the lesions were Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, Phaeoacremonium aleophilum, Botryosphaeria spp., Fomitiporia mediterranea, Phomopsis viticola et Eutypa lata. Several types of lesions and several fungi were encountered in the same vine. The association of fungi with lesions and their role in the functioning of the fungal community are discussed.</p>
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Calvo-Garrido, Carlos, Aurélie Songy, Ariadna Marmol, Rafael Roda, Christophe Clément, and Florence Fontaine. "Description of the relationship between trunk disease expression and meteorological conditions, irrigation and physiological response in Chardonnay grapevines." OENO One 55, no. 2 (April 20, 2021): 97–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2021.55.2.4548.
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Esca disease and Botryosphaeria dieback are currently considered as serious grapevine diseases which affect vineyard health and induce economic losses. Both of these trunk diseases (GTDs) are caused by a complex of pathogens, and foliar expression is influenced by several factors, including environmental factors such as water stress. To manage water stress in some vine areas, culture practice based on irrigation systems for limiting water stress have been developed; however, little knowledge of the influence of such systems on GTD emergence is currently available. The present paper addresses the impact of irrigation systems and climatic factors (rainfall and temperature) on the expression of GTDs, specifically esca and Botryosphaeria dieback. A field experiment on Chardonnay in North East Spain, a vine growing area where drought is present and which is managed by an irrigation system, was therefore carried out during a 3-year period. The water stress impact on GTD expression was evaluated by measuring the GTD incidence and analysing different physiological parameters at different phenological stages, including principal component analysis and gene expression. The main finding of this study was the significant roles of vine transpiration and water availability, which depend on irrigation volume and rainfall amount; together, they may explain the erratic symptom expression in plants infected by GTD fungi depending on the year. All these parameters are discussed to better understand the relationship between GTD expression, irrigation system and climatic factors.
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Labois, Clément, Elodie Stempien, Justine Schneider, Christine Schaeffer-Reiss, Christophe Bertsch, Mary-Lorène Goddard, and Julie Chong. "Comparative Study of Secreted Proteins, Enzymatic Activities of Wood Degradation and Stilbene Metabolization in Grapevine Botryosphaeria Dieback Fungi." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 7 (July 16, 2021): 568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7070568.
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Botryosphaeriaceae fungi are plant pathogens associated with Botryosphaeria dieback. To better understand the virulence factors of these fungi, we investigated the diversity of secreted proteins and extracellular enzyme activities involved in wood degradation and stilbene metabolization in Neofusicoccum parvum and Diplodia seriata, which are two major fungi associated with grapevine B. dieback. Regarding the analysis of proteins secreted by the two fungi, our study revealed that N. parvum, known to be more aggressive than D. seriata, was characterized by a higher quantity and diversity of secreted proteins, especially hydrolases and oxidoreductases that are likely involved in cell wall and lignin degradation. In addition, when fungi were grown with wood powder, the extracellular laccase and Mn peroxidase enzyme activities were significantly higher in D. seriata compared to N.parvum. Importantly, our work also showed that secreted Botryosphaeriaceae proteins produced after grapevine wood addition are able to rapidly metabolize the grapevine stilbenes. Overall, a higher diversity of resveratrol and piceatannol metabolization products was found with enzymes of N. parvum compared to D. seriata. This study emphasizes the diversity of secreted virulence factors found in B. dieback fungi and suggests that some resveratrol oligomers produced in grapevine wood after pathogen attack could be formed via pathogenic fungal oxidases.
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Singer, Stacy D., and Kerik D. Cox. "The Reemergence and Management of Currant Cane Dieback in the Northeastern United States." Plant Disease 94, no. 11 (November 2010): 1283–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-04-10-0295.
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Currant cane dieback, caused by the fungus Botryosphaeria ribis (syn. Neofusicoccum ribis), devastated currant production in the northeastern United States approximately a century ago. Later epidemics of this disease were halted by bans on the planting of Ribes spp. to control white pine blister rust, but since regulations restricting the planting of currants were removed in the 1980s and 1990s, currant cane dieback has reemerged in the northeastern United States. In this study, we obtained fungal isolates from diseased canes at four production operations in New York and Connecticut. We confirmed the isolates as N. ribis on the basis of morphology and ribosomal DNA sequence analysis, and verified pathogenicity through inoculation of healthy currant bushes. Furthermore, field trials to study the effects of cultivar, pruning of symptomatic canes, and fungicide applications were conducted over 2 years. Differences in Ribes cultivar susceptibility to N. ribis were demonstrated, with a pink fruiting cultivar (Pink Champagne) having lower levels of dieback compared to two red cultivars (Rovada and Jonkheer van Tets) and one white cultivar (Blanka) evaluated. While there were no consistent reductions in cane dieback incidence over both years and for all cultivars when pruning or fungicide treatments (copper hydroxide and sulfur applications) were used alone, fungicide treatment combined with pruning resulted in significant (P < 0.05) reductions (>80%) in the incidence of dieback compared to bushes not treated with fungicide or pruned.
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Moral, Juan, Carlos Agustí-Brisach, Mario Pérez-Rodríguez, Carlos Xaviér, M. Carmen Raya, Ali Rhouma, and Antonio Trapero. "Identification of Fungal Species Associated with Branch Dieback of Olive and Resistance of Table Cultivars to Neofusicoccum mediterraneum and Botryosphaeria dothidea." Plant Disease 101, no. 2 (February 2017): 306–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-06-16-0806-re.
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Over two consecutive seasons, 16 olive orchards with trees exhibiting dieback symptoms on branches were surveyed in southern Spain. The six dominant fungal species recovered were characterized by means of phenotypic observations, DNA analysis (by sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer, β-tubulin, and large subunit nuclear ribosomal DNA regions), and pathogenicity tests. Additionally, three isolates collected from Tunisian olive trees showing similar dieback symptoms, one isolate of Colletotrichum godetiae, and a reference isolates of Neofusicoccum mediterraneum were included. The resistance of the 11 most important table cultivars to N. mediterraneum and Botryosphaeria dothidea, the causal agent of “escudete” (small shield) of fruit, was studied by the inoculation of branches and immature fruit, respectively. The species Cytospora pruinosa, N. mediterraneum, Nothophoma quercina, Comoclathris incompta, and Diaporthe sp. were identified. Only N. mediterraneum and C. incompta were able to induce the typical dieback symptoms and cankers that affected the development of the plants. The species N. mediterraneum was the most virulent among the evaluated species, although differences in virulence among its isolates were observed. The remaining fungal species were weakly pathogenic to nonpathogenic on plants. According to resistance tests, ‘Gordal Sevillana’ and ‘Manzanilla Cacereña’ were the most susceptible to branch dieback caused by N. mediterraneum. Furthermore, the fruit of ‘Aloreña de Atarfe’ and ‘Manzanilla de Sevilla’ were the most susceptible to B. dothidea. Knowledge of the etiology and cultivar resistance of these diseases will help to establish better control measures.
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Yu, L., L. F. Wang, J. R. Zhao, S. G. Xu, D. Gao, and J. F. Zheng. "First Report of Botryosphaeria dothidea Causing Canker and Dieback Disease of Helwingia chinensis in China." Plant Disease 96, no. 12 (December 2012): 1821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-03-12-0275-pdn.
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Helwingia chinensis Batal is distributed in the western and southern regions of China. The aerial part of this plant has long been used to treat dysentery, hematochezia, and swelling. An outbreak of cankers and dieback was observed for the first time on H. chinensis in China during June of 2010. Disease symptoms included dieback of shoots and branches, lesions, and canker formation on the stems. In order to identify the causal agent(s) of this canker disease, samples composed of inner bark and woody tissues were collected from the junction of healthy and diseased tissues of declining trees from Kunming and Wenshan districts of China during July to October of 2010. Pieces of surface-sterilized tissue samples were plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated at 26°C. Fungal colonies developed copious, white, aerial mycelium that became dark green with age. Pycnidia started to develop after 20 days. Macroconidia, which were 20 to 29 × 4 to 6 μm, were hyaline, aseptate, and fusiform. No fungus was isolated from water-inoculated tissues of control plants and healthy trees. Identity was confirmed by analysis of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) with primers ITS1 and ITS4. BLAST searches showed 99% identity with Botryosphaeria dothidea isolates from GenBank (Accession Nos. HQ660454 and FJ790846). Representative sequences of B. dothidea from H. chinensis from China have been deposited in GenBank (Accession No. JQ766122). On the basis of morphological and molecular results, the fungus isolated from diseased H. chinensis was confirmed to be B. dothidea. Pathogenicity tests were conducted by stem inoculation of 1-year-old H. chinensis seedlings. Mycelial plugs (3 to 4 mm in diameter) of B. dothidea from actively growing colonies were applied to same-sized bark wounds on the middle point of the stems. Control seedlings were inoculated with sterile PDA plugs. Inoculated and control seedlings (three each) were kept in a greenhouse and watered as needed. After 4 weeks, all H. chinensis seedlings developed vascular tissue discoloration and leaf wilting; no such symptoms were manifested by seedlings in the control treatment. B. dothidea was reisolated from all B. dothidea-inoculated, symptomatic tissues, fulfilling Koch's postulates. In China, B. dothidea has previously been reported to cause canker and dieback disease of Eucalyptus grandis (2) and gummosis of peach (1); however, to our knowledge, this is the first report of B. dothidea causing canker and dieback on H. chinensis. References: (1) Y. Ko et al. Plant Pathol. Bull. 1:70, 1992. (2) L. Yu et al. Plant Dis. 93:764, 2009.
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Mondello, Vincenzo, Aurélie Songy, Enrico Battiston, Catia Pinto, Cindy Coppin, Patricia Trotel-Aziz, Christophe Clément, Laura Mugnai, and Florence Fontaine. "Grapevine Trunk Diseases: A Review of Fifteen Years of Trials for Their Control with Chemicals and Biocontrol Agents." Plant Disease 102, no. 7 (July 2018): 1189–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-08-17-1181-fe.
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Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) represent one of the most important problems for viticulture worldwide. Beyond the original causes of this outbreak in some countries like France, the lack of efficient control protocols and the prohibition of using active ingredients such as sodium arsenite and benzimidazoles, until recently used to reduce the impact of some GTDs but deleterious for humans and the environment, have probably worsened the impact of the diseases, leading to increasing economic losses. Since 1990, searches have been made to find efficient tools to control GTDs, testing a wide range of active ingredients and biocontrol agents. This review provides readers with an overview of the results reported in the scientific literature over the last 15 years. In particular, the review focuses on the trials carried out applying chemicals or microorganisms to control Esca complex diseases, Botryosphaeria dieback, and Eutypa dieback, the most widespread GTDs.
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FIORENZA, Alberto, Giorgio GUSELLA, Laura VECCHIO, Dalia AIELLO, and Giancarlo POLIZZI. "Diversity of Botryosphaeriaceae species associated with canker and dieback of avocado (Persea americana) in Italy." Phytopathologia Mediterranea 62, no. 1 (May 8, 2023): 47–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/phyto-14057.
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Increased branch canker and dieback were observed in commercial avocado (Persea americana) orchards in Sicily, Italy. Surveys were conducted in 2021 and 2022 on 11 orchards to investigate etiology of the disease. Seventy-five plants from four orchards, showing branch canker and dieback, were sampled. Isolations from woody diseased tissues revealed the presence of fungi (Botryosphaeriaceae). Identification of the isolates was achieved by morphological and multi-loci phylogenetic analyses (Maximum Parsimony and Maximum Likelihood) of the ITS, tef1-α, and tub2 loci. Botryosphaeria dothidea, Lasiodiplodia citricola, Macrophomina phaseolina, Neofusicoccum cryptoaustrale, and Neofusicoccum luteum were identified. Representative isolates collected from the orchards, characterized based on the tub2 locus and identified as N. parvum, were excluded from this study, since this species has already been reported in our territory. Pathogenicity tests were conducted on potted, asymptomatic, 2-year-old avocado trees using mycelial plugs. These tests showed that all the Botryosphaeriaceae species characterized in this study were pathogenic to avocado. This is the first report of L. citricola, M. phaseolina and N. cryptoaustrale causing canker and dieback on avocado trees, and is the first record of these fungi causing branch disease on avocado in Italy.
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ZHU, HAI-YAN, CHENG-MING TIAN, and XIN-LEI FAN. "Studies of botryosphaerialean fungi associated with canker and dieback of tree hosts in Dongling Mountain of China." Phytotaxa 348, no. 2 (April 27, 2018): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.348.2.1.
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Botryosphaeriales is an order comprising of latent fungal pathogens with a wide range of woody hosts. These pathogens represent interesting and diverse fungi with a confusing taxonomy due to their similar morphological characters. Many genera or families of this order have not been robustly sampled or systematically studied in separate hosts and regions, although recent studies have made enormous progress. In this study, five species of Aplosporellaceae and Botryosphaeriaceae were isolated from Juglans regia (Juglandaceae), Rhus typhina (Anacardiaceae) and Ziziphus jujuba (Rhamnaceae) in Dongling Mountain of China. These species include Aplosporella ginkgonis, Aplosporella javeedii, Botryosphaeria dothidea, Phaeobotryon rhoinum sp. nov. and Phaeobotryon rhois. Of which, Aplosporella javeedii and A. ginkgonis were identified as the first records from Ziziphus jujube and Rhus typhina, respectively. Phaeobotryon rhoinum is characterised by its globose, scattered to gregarious pycnidia with ellipsoid to oblong, brown, 1-septate conidia. It can be distinguished from the similar species P. cercidis, P. cupressi, P. mamane, P. quercicola and P. rhois based on host association and conidial size and colour. The results represent the first attempts to study Aplosporella, Botryosphaeria and Phaeobotryon with descriptions and multi-locus phylogenies (ITS, LSU and TEF-1α) in Dongling Mountain of China.
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Choi, I. Y. "First Report of Bark Dieback on Blueberry Caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea in Korea." Plant Disease 95, no. 2 (February 2011): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-05-10-0371.
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This study was conducted to identify the causal organism of bark dieback disease of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) observed in Korea. Blueberry, a woody plant that is native to North America, belongs to the family Ericaceae and genus Vaccinium. Of the 400 species of blueberry in the world, most are distributed in the tropics of Malaysia and Southeast Asia. Highbush blueberry is abundantly grown in Canada and the United States and has become a popular commercial crop in Korea for products such as jam, wine, and sauce. Bark dieback disease of blueberry was found in Sunchang (<5% incidence), Jeollabuk-do, Korea in July 2009. Typical symptoms of the disease were blight and dieback on the stems with lesions extending along entire branches. Morphological examination revealed that the perithecia were of the globose type with a nipple, 155 to 490 (374.6) μm, and brown on the dead bark. Asci were bitunicate and clavate or cylindrical with dimensions of 63 to 125 × 16 to 20 μm and containing eight ascospores. Ascospores were of the long ovoid type with dimensions of 13.2 to 23.7 (17.98) × 25.4 to 41.1 (33.21) μm. From extracted genomic DNA, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-5.8S ribosomal DNA region was amplified with universal primers ITS1 (5′-TCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCGG-3′) and ITS4 (5′-TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC-3′). A BLAST search of GenBank with the ITS sequence revealed that the Sunchang isolate (GenBank Accession No. HQ384217) had 99 to 100% sequence identity with the following Botryosphaeria dothidea accessions: FJ517657, AJ938005, FJ478129, FJ171723, and AJ938004. Phylogenetic analysis with the Sunchang isolate, B. dothidea strains, and related species revealed that the B. dothidea isolate and strains comprised a monophyletic group distinguished from other Botryosphaeria spp. including B. ribis, B. parva, B. protearum, B. lutea, B. australis, B. rhodina, B. obtuse, and B. stevensii (2). On the basis of morphological and molecular results, the isolate was identified as B. dothidea (Moug.) Ces. & De Not. A culture of B. dothidea isolate was grown on potato dextrose agar (PDA) for 10 days. A 5-mm plug was inoculated into stem wounds created with a No. 2 cork borer in 20 2-year-old disease-free blueberry plants grown in a greenhouse. Six plants inoculated with only PDA plugs served as noninoculated controls. The wounds were covered with Parafilm. After 3 months, the Parafilm was removed and black lesions were observed at the fungal inoculation sites, while no lesion was observed on the control plants. To complete Koch's postulates, the fungus was reisolated from the lesions and confirmed to be B. Dothidea (1). There is an urgent need to determine the spread of this disease in Korea, estimate the losses, and develop methods for reducing damage through biological and eco-friendly cultural control methods. References: (1) D. Jurc et al. Plant Pathol. 55:299, 2006. (2) B. Slippers et al. Mycologia 96:83, 2004.
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Díaz, G. A., L. Mostert, F. Halleen, M. Lolas, M. Gutierrez, E. Ferrada, and B. A. Latorre. "Diplodia seriata Associated with Botryosphaeria Canker and Dieback in Apple Trees in Chile." Plant Disease 103, no. 5 (May 2019): 1025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-10-18-1785-pdn.
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KINUGAWA, M., and T. SATO. "Kiwifruit dieback caused by Diaporthe sp. and Botryosphaeria dothidea, kiwifruit soft rot fungi." Japanese Journal of Phytopathology 69, no. 4 (2003): 373–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3186/jjphytopath.69.373.
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Amponsah, N. T., E. E. Jones, H. J. Ridgway, and M. V. Jaspers. "Rainwater dispersal of Botryosphaeria conidia from infected grapevines." New Zealand Plant Protection 62 (August 1, 2009): 228–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2009.62.4824.
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Dispersal of spores was investigated for the Botryosphaeria species that are responsible for dieback in grapevines Trapping for spores was carried out in a Canterbury vineyard during May 2008April 2009 to investigate spore availability during the year No spores characteristic of the Botryosphaeriaceae were collected on Vaselinecoated slides which were considered suitable for wind dispersed spores although spores of other fungi were collected However traps that collected rainwater runoff yielded conidia of the Botryosphaeriaceae In haemocytometer counts of spores they were initially identified by morphology and subsequently confirmed by PCR of rDNA followed by DNA sequencing During the trapping period 598 of the total Botryosphaeriaceae caught were Neofusicoccum spp and 402 were Diplodia spp These were present throughout the entire year with most abundant conidia being detected during December January and February when summer temperatures were high and when routine trimming of mature canes provided the wounds needed for infection
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Moorman, Gary, and Roxanne Lease. "Effects of Pruning in the Management of Dogwood and Pine Branch Dieback in the Landscape." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 25, no. 5 (September 1, 1999): 274–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.1999.037.
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Scots pines (Pinus sylvestris L.) at 2 locations and dogwoods (Cornus florida L.) at 1 location were observed for branch dieback from spring 1996 through autumn 1998. Some trees at each location were comprehensively pruned to eliminate dead twigs and branches and compared to trees not pruned. Of the branch-killing fungi present, Sphaeropsis was the most important in the pines, and Discula and Botryosphaeria were the prominent ones in the dogwoods. We concluded that comprehensive pruning of branches killed by fungi significantly improves the appearance of Scots pines and dogwoods but does not totally eliminate disease from the trees.
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Wang, Yanfen, Hang Zhao, Jiayuan Cao, Xinming Yin, Yashuang Guo, Lihua Guo, Haiyan Wu, and Meng Zhang. "Characterization of a Novel Mycovirus from the Phytopathogenic Fungus Botryosphaeria dothidea." Viruses 14, no. 2 (February 6, 2022): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14020331.
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Botryosphaeria dothidea is, globally, one of the most economically important phytopathogenic fungi worldwide, causing the canker and dieback of fruit trees. An increasing number of viruses infecting B. dothidea have lately been reported, several of which could confer hypovirulence. In this study, isolated from strain ZM170285-1 of B. dothidea, a novel double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) mycovirus, tentatively named Botryosphaeria dothidea partitivirus 2 (BdPV2), was identified well. The BdPV2 harbored three dsRNA segments (1–3) with lengths of 1751, 1568, and 1198 bp, which encoded an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), a capsid protein (CP), and a hypothetical protein of unknown function, respectively. BLASTp searches revealed that the predicted protein sequences of dsRNA1 and dsRNA2 had the highest identities (74.95% and 61.01%) with the corresponding dsRNAs of Penicillium stoloniferum virus S (PsV-S), whereas dsRNA3 shared the highest identity (32.95%) with the dsRNA3 of Aspergillus ochraceous virus 1 (AoV1). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that BdPV2 belonged to the Gammapartitivirus genus and Partitiviridae family. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a Gammapartitivirus in B. dothidea.
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Romero-Cuadrado, Laura, Carlos José López-Herrera, Ana Aguado, and Nieves Capote. "Duplex Real-Time PCR Assays for the Simultaneous Detection and Quantification of Botryosphaeriaceae Species Causing Canker Diseases in Woody Crops." Plants 12, no. 11 (June 2, 2023): 2205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12112205.
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Woody canker diseases caused by fungi of the Botryosphaeriaceae family are producing increasing losses in many economically important woody crops, including almond. To develop a molecular tool for the detection and quantification of the most aggressive and threatening species is of main importance. This will help to prevent the introduction of these pathogens in new orchards and to conveniently apply the appropriate control measures. Three reliable, sensitive and specific duplex qPCR assays using TaqMan probes have been designed for the detection and quantification of (a) Neofusicoccum parvum and the Neofusicoccum genus, (b) N. parvum and the Botryosphaeriaceae family and (c) Botryosphaeria dothidea and the Botryosphaeriaceae family. The multiplex qPCR protocols have been validated on artificially and naturally infected plants. Direct systems to process plant materials, without DNA purification, allowed high-throughput detection of Botryosphaeriaceae targets even in asymptomatic tissues. These results validate the qPCR using the direct sample preparation method as a valuable tool for Botryosphaeria dieback diagnosis allowing a large-scale analysis and the preventive detection of latent infection.
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Hillis, Vicken, Mark Lubell, Jonathan Kaplan, and Kendra Baumgartner. "Preventative Disease Management and Grower Decision Making: A Case Study of California Wine-Grape Growers." Phytopathology® 107, no. 6 (June 2017): 704–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-07-16-0274-r.
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Preventative disease management is challenging to farmers because it requires paying immediate costs in the hopes of returning uncertain future benefits. Understanding farmer decision making about prevention has the potential to reduce disease incidence and minimize the need for more costly postinfection practices. For example, the grapevine trunk-disease complex (esca, Botryosphaeria dieback, Eutypa dieback, and Phomopsis dieback) significantly affects vineyard productivity and longevity. Given the chronic nature of the infections and inability to eradicate the fungal pathogens, the preventative practices of delayed pruning, applications of pruning-wound protectants, and double pruning (also known as prepruning) are the most effective means of management. We surveyed wine-grape growers in six regions of California on their use of these three practices. In spite of acknowledging the yield impacts of trunk diseases, a substantial number of respondents either choose not to use preventative practices or incorrectly adopted them in mature vineyards, too late in the disease cycle to be effective. Growers with more negative perceptions of cost efficacy were less likely to adopt preventative practices or were more likely to time adoption incorrectly in mature vineyards. In general, preventative management may require strong intervention in the form of policy or extension to motivate behavioral change.
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Hillis, Vicken, Mark Lubell, Jonathan Kaplan, David Doll, and Kendra Baumgartner. "The Role of Pest Control Advisers in Preventative Management of Grapevine Trunk Diseases." Phytopathology® 106, no. 4 (April 2016): 339–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-10-15-0250-r.
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Vineyards with trunk diseases (Botryosphaeria dieback, Esca, Eutypa dieback, and Phomopsis dieback) can have negative returns in the long run. Minimizing economic impacts depends on effective management, but adopting a preventative practice after infection occurs may not improve yields. Pest control advisers may reduce grower uncertainty about the efficacy of and need for prevention, which often entails future and unobservable benefits. Here, we surveyed advisers in California to examine their influence over grower decision-making, in the context of trunk diseases, which significantly limit grape production and for which curative practices are unavailable. Our online survey revealed adviser awareness of high disease incidence, and reduced yields and vineyard lifespan. Advisers rated both preventative and postinfection practices positively. Despite higher cost estimates given to postinfection practices, advisers did not recommend preventative practices at higher rates. High recommendation rates were instead correlated with high disease incidence for both preventative and postinfection practices. Recommendation rates declined with increasing cost for preventative, but not for postinfection, practices. Our findings suggest that even when advisers acknowledge the risks of trunk diseases, they may not recommend preventative practices before infection occurs. This underscores the importance of clear outreach, emphasizing both the need for prevention and its long-term cost efficacy.