Journal articles: 'Bot Mitigation'

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Jun, Jae-Bum, Jae-Sue Lee, and Sam-Su Lee. "Default Risk Mitigation Effect of Financial Structure and Characteristic in BOT Project Finance." Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 12, no. 2 (March 31, 2011): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.6106/kjcem.2011.12.2.121.

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Park, Semi, and Kyungho Lee. "Improved Mitigation of Cyber Threats in IIoT for Smart Cities: A New-Era Approach and Scheme." Sensors 21, no. 6 (March 11, 2021): 1976. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21061976.

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Cybersecurity in Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) has become critical as smart cities are becoming increasingly linked to industrial control systems (ICSs) used in critical infrastructure. Consequently, data-driven security systems for analyzing massive amounts of data generated by smart cities have become essential. A representative method for analyzing large-scale data is the game bot detection approach used in massively multiplayer online role-playing games. We reviewed the literature on bot detection methods to extend the anomaly detection approaches used in bot detection schemes to IIoT fields. Finally, we proposed a process wherein the data envelopment analysis (DEA) model was applied to identify features for efficiently detecting anomalous behavior in smart cities. Experimental results using random forest show that our extracted features based on a game bot can achieve an average F1-score of 0.99903 using 10-fold validation. We confirmed the applicability of the analyzed game-industry methodology to other fields and trained a random forest on the high-efficiency features identified by applying a DEA, obtaining an F1-score of 0.997 using the validation set approach. In this study, an anomaly detection method for analyzing massive smart city data based on a game industry methodology was presented and applied to the ICS dataset.

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Still, Andy. "Bot mitigation – how gapsin understanding and ownership are exposingbusinesses to greater threats." Network Security 2020, no. 11 (November 2020): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1353-4858(20)30128-8.

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Mahjabin, Tasnuva, Yang Xiao, Tieshan Li, and C. L. Philip Chen. "Load Distributed and Benign-Bot Mitigation Methods for IoT DNS Flood Attacks." IEEE Internet of Things Journal 7, no. 2 (February 2020): 986–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2019.2947659.

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Opawole, Akintayo, Kahilu Kajimo-Shakantu, Oluwaseyi Olalekan Alao, and Chinanu Patience Ogbaje. "Risk factors associated with procuring university hostel facilities through build-operate-transfer model." Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology 17, no. 1 (February 4, 2019): 136–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jedt-05-2018-0079.

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PurposeThe build-operate-transfer (BOT) model is fast becoming a sustainable tool for remedying the deficiencies of public financing of hostel facilities in Nigeria. Being a new concept in Nigeria, this study aims to assess clients’ organizations perspective of risk factors associated with BOT model with a view to providing information for their effective management.Design/methodology/approachQuantitative descriptive analysis was used, which was based on primary data obtained through questionnaire survey. The respondents included architects, engineers (structural/civil/mechanical/electrical), builders and quantity surveyors who were officials in the physical planning development and works departments of five sampled universities in the southwestern Nigeria who executed at least one BOT hostel project. A total number of 45 copies of questionnaire were administered, out of which 35 copies representing a response rate of 77.8 per cent were retrieved. Data analysis was undertaken using descriptive statistics: percentages, mean item score and relative importance index.FindingsSeverity of the risk factors specific to BOT model for hostel development was revealed. Besides, conceptual allocations and mitigation measures were suggested against each risk factor.Practical implicationsPrivate sector investor would find the results of this research useful in preparing robust BOT contract packages through the understanding of the nature of risk factors associated with the procurement model.Originality/valueWith limited evaluation of BOT in hostel facilities procurement, this study developed a simplified approach to management of risk factors associated with BOT model in the education sector.

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Aladağ, Hande, and Zeynep Işık. "Design and construction risks in BOT type mega transportation projects." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 26, no. 10 (November 18, 2019): 2223–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-08-2018-0351.

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Purpose In build-operate-transfer (BOT) transportation projects, design and construction phases are critical in terms of their effect on time and cost overruns. The purpose of this paper is to identify the role of risk factors affecting these phases and their significance level for BOT transportation projects. Design/methodology/approach Design and construction risks were determined and then validated by focus group discussions. Afterwards, an illustrated case study was presented to better understand the effects of determined risks in a BOT mega transportation project. As the last step of the study, the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process method was used to prioritize risk factors. Findings The prominent risk factors were found out as occupational accidents, integration between design and construction phases and excessive design variations. Research limitations/implications Different kinds of BOT transportation projects in different countries might be executed very differently considering specific social, political, economic and other factors. However, the results of the study are important in terms of the specific lessons learned from the case study that can be used as a foundation for developing possible risk mitigation measures. Originality/value Though the risk management of BOT projects has been investigated frequently in the literature, there is a knowledge gap in the quantitative evaluation of risk significance specific to design and construction risks. The prioritization of determined risks with an associated case from a mega transportation project will contribute to the BOT project practitioners about possible challenges in design and construction phases in BOT mega transportation projects.

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Zhang, Liukuan, Xiaoxiao Shi, and Qing Chang. "Exploring Adaptive UHI Mitigation Solutions by Spatial Heterogeneity of Land Surface Temperature and Its Relationship to Urban Morphology in Historical Downtown Blocks, Beijing." Land 11, no. 4 (April 8, 2022): 544. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11040544.

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Heat stress brought on by the intensification of urban heat island (UHI) has caused many negative effects on human beings, which were found to be more severe in highly urbanized old towns. With the inconsistent findings on how urban spatial morphological characteristics influence land surface temperature (LST) and gaps between design practices being found, we chose Beijing Old Town (BOT) as the study area and took the basic planning implementation module “block” as a study to reveal the spatial heterogeneity of LST and its relationship to multiple urban morphological characteristics with higher spatial resolution calculated via WorldView3. Our results have shown that (1) UHI effect was significant and spatially heterogeneous in BOT, and significant hot areas with high LST value and small LST differences were found, as cold areas were the exact opposite. (2) The proportion of vegetated area, water, impervious surface, and urban spatial structure indicators i.e., building coverage ratio, mean height, highest building index, height fluctuation degree, space crowd degree and sky view factor were identified as significantly affecting the LST of blocks in BOT. (3) The effects of GBI components and configuration on LST varied within different block types; generally, blocks with GBI with larger patches that were more complex in shape, more aggregated, and less fragmented were associated with lower LST. Finally, in the context of integrating our study results with relevant planning and design guidelines, a strategy sample of adaptive GBI planning and vegetation design for blocks with different morphological features was provided for urban planners and managers to make a decision on UHI mitigation in the renewal process of BOT.

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ZHOU, Cheng, Zhongyou MA, Lin ZHU, Jiansheng GUO, Xianghuan CUI, Jian ZHU, and Jianfei WANG. "Activated expression of EsHD1 enhances drought tolerance in tobacco plants via mitigation of reactive oxygen species-mediated membrane damage." TURKISH JOURNAL OF BOTANY 39 (2015): 941–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/bot-1506-15.

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Alzahrani, Rami J., and Ahmed Alzahrani. "A Novel Multi Algorithm Approach to Identify Network Anomalies in the IoT Using Fog Computing and a Model to Distinguish between IoT and Non-IoT Devices." Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks 12, no. 2 (February 28, 2023): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jsan12020019.

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Botnet attacks, such as DDoS, are one of the most common types of attacks in IoT networks. A botnet is a collection of cooperated computing machines or Internet of Things gadgets that criminal users manage remotely. Several strategies have been developed to reduce anomalies in IoT networks, such as DDoS. To increase the accuracy of the anomaly mitigation system and lower the false positive rate (FPR), some schemes use statistical or machine learning methodologies in the anomaly-based intrusion detection system (IDS) to mitigate an attack. Despite the proposed anomaly mitigation techniques, the mitigation of DDoS attacks in IoT networks remains a concern. Because of the similarity between DDoS and normal network flows, leading to problems such as a high FPR, low accuracy, and a low detection rate, the majority of anomaly mitigation methods fail. Furthermore, the limited resources in IoT devices make it difficult to implement anomaly mitigation techniques. In this paper, an efficient anomaly mitigation system has been developed for the IoT network through the design and implementation of a DDoS attack detection system that uses a statistical method that combines three algorithms: exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA), K-nearest neighbors (KNN), and the cumulative sum algorithm (CUSUM). The integration of fog computing with the Internet of Things has created an effective framework for implementing an anomaly mitigation strategy to address security issues such as botnet threats. The proposed module was evaluated using the Bot-IoT dataset. From the results, we conclude that our model has achieved a high accuracy (99.00%) with a low false positive rate (FPR). We have also achieved good results in distinguishing between IoT and non-IoT devices, which will help networking teams make the distinction as well.

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Zaen, Mohammad Taufan Asri, Ahmad Tantoni, and Maulana Ashari. "DDoS ATTACK MITIGATION WITH INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEM (IDS) USING TELEGRAM BOTS." JISA(Jurnal Informatika dan Sains) 4, no. 2 (December 26, 2021): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31326/jisa.v4i2.1043.

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In the current IS/IT era, service to consumers is an absolute must to be prepared to survive in business competition. Physical and logical attacks with the aim of disrupting information technology services for individuals/agencies/companies or reducing the performance of IS/IT used. The development of IoT in the industrial revolution 4.0, which is all online, is a challenge in itself, from a negative point of view, all of them are able to carry out attacks on ISP servers, often carried out by hackers. DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) attacks are the most common attacks. The development of software for DDoS attacks is very much on the internet, including UDP Unicorn software to attack very easily and can be done by anyone. Software for real-time monitoring of DDoS attacks, one of which is the Telegram bot. Telegram is a messaging system centered on security and confidentiality, while bots are computer programs that do certain jobs automatically. Telegram bot is free, lightweight and multiplatform. In the case study, this research contains 10 access points to the internet that will be mitigated from DDoS attacks. In this study, it was found that DDoS attacks caused traffic to become very high/congested by fulfilling upload traffic so that legitimate traffic users could not access the internet, connection to the internet was slow, the traffic was also unnatural, making it unable to connect to wireless devices and making Mikrotik login page becomes unable to appear. The purpose of this study is to mitigate DDoS attacks with the help of telegram bots so as to facilitate the notification of DDoS attacks in the event of an attack so that it is fast to deal with and find the perpetrators of the attack. The conclusion of this study is that DDoS attacks using UDP unicorn software resulted in a traffic spike of 53.5 Mbps on the upload traffic side, causing traffic for legitimate/authenticated users to slow down. By using telegram bots to know DDoS attacks occur in real time with a success rate of attack detection up to 100% notifications on telegram bots. Mitigation of DDoS attacks takes steps to track users using the torch feature on the routerboard interface menu, trace internet connection lines using wired or wireless transmission media, and ensure always monitoring the proxy interface from winbox.

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Stankovic, Milica, Naruemon Tantipisanuh, and Anchana Prathep. "Carbon storage in seagrass ecosystems along the Andaman coast of Thailand." Botanica Marina 61, no. 5 (September 25, 2018): 429–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bot-2017-0101.

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Abstract Seagrass ecosystems are important contributors to mitigation of climate change, since they are responsible for large carbon sinks. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the importance of variability of carbon storage in various ecosystems. In this study, we estimated carbon storage in several structurally different seagrass meadows along the west coast of Thailand and determined whether degree of exposure, human disturbance, and meadow type influenced carbon storage within these meadows. Carbon content within the living vegetation was on average 3±2.7 Mg ha−1, whilst average storage of carbon in the sediment was 122±35.3 Mg ha−1. Meadow type and disturbance had a significant influence on total carbon storage in the ecosystem, while the degree of exposure of the bay did not show great differences. Uniform meadows had a higher average total carbon storage than mixed meadows (133±36.2 and 110±41.3 Mg ha−1, respectively). Undisturbed meadows had a higher average total carbon storage than disturbed ones (140±36.5 and 103±34.8 Mg ha−1, respectively). The results obtained contribute to our understanding of carbon storage on an ecosystem scale and can provide a baseline for proper management, conservation, and climate change studies in the region.

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Deelip, Mali Shrikant, and Govinda K. "ESREHO-MaxNet: Deep Maxout Network For Intrusion Detection And Attack Mitigation In Iot With Wrapper Based Feature Selection Approach." International Journal of Swarm Intelligence Research 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsir.304901.

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An effective intrusion detection method is developed using proposed ESREHO-based Deep Maxout network in the IoT environment. The plant images are captured by the sensor node and are routed to the sink node through CH that is selected by the method named Exponential SFO. The routed data is received at BS, where the intrusion detection strategy is done by undergoing the feature extraction, feature selection and intrusion detection phase. The log file data generated from the predicted data is fed to feature extraction phase, where the Bot-IoT features are acquired and then the unique features are optimally selected with wrapper model. The Deep Maxout network is employed to detect the intrusions from the data and if the detected user is considered as attacker then attack mitigation process can be done by reducing the data rate of packets. However, the proposed method achieves better performance with the measures of accuracy, TPR, energy, and throughput with the values of 0.9418, 0.942, 1.8004J, and 7662438bps for without attack.

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ÇAvuşoğlu, Kürşat, and Di̇lek ÇAvuşoğlu. "Role of L-Ornithine in Mitigation of Salt Stress In Allium Cepa L." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 50, no. 4 (December 31, 2021): 1165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v50i4.57085.

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Effects of L-ornithine (150 mg/l) on the germination, seedling growth, mitotic index, chromosome aberrations and micronucleus frequency of Allium cepa L. bulbs germinated at 0.125 M salinity were studied. The radicle number of the group III bulbs germinated in the medium with ornithine alone as compared to ones of the group I (control) bulbs which germinated in distilled water medium. But, their germination percentage, radicle length and fresh weight were statistically the same as ones of the group I bulbs. Besides, the micronucleus frequency and chromosomal abnormalities in the root-tip meristematic cells of the group III bulbs showed increased germination compared to ones of the group I bulbs. However, their mitotic index statistically showed the same value as the group I bulbs. Salt stress significantly inhibited the germination and seedling growth of A. cepa bulbs. Moreover, it reduced the mitotic index in the root-meristem cells of the bulbs and fairly increased the number of chromosome aberrations and micronucleus frequency. On the other hand, the inhibitive effect of salt on the germination, seedling growth, mitotic index and micronucleus frequency was dramatically alleviated in varying degrees by ornithine application. But, it was ineffective in reducing the detrimental effect of salinity on the chromosome aberrations. The germination percentage, radicle lenght, radicle number, fresh weight, mitotic index, micronucleus frequency and chromosomal aberrations of the group II seedlings grown in 0.125 M salinity were 27%, 13.5 mm, 18.4, 7.1 g, 5.5, 18.3 and 60.8%, respectively while these values became 68%, 16.4 mm, 16.4, 10.5 g, 15.6, 7.6 and 74.8% in the group IV seedlings treated with L-ornithine. Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(4): 1165-1171, 2021 (December)

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Azad, Abul Kalam, Iftekhar Ahmad, GM Rabiul Islam, and A. Mainuddin. "Application of Statistical Model To Determine The Effectiveness of Plant Extract on The Mortality of Tea Thrips." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 51, no. 3 (October 3, 2022): 401–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v51i3.61984.

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Bioactive chemicals found in medicinal plant extracts aid in the mitigation, eradication and cure of diseases of living animals and plants. In the quest for novel medicinally significant plants, the current article focuses on determining the most successful and promising plants for suppressing tea leaf thrips (Scirtothrips bispinosus) through applying statistical model. 22 medicinal plants extraction had been used to achieve the stated goals of the study. Plant extract solutions were dissolved in their respective solvents at varied concentrations for the assessment of entomopathogenic activity, namely 1, 5, 10 and 15%. According to the Translog stochastic frontier model, the level of solution concentration has had a substantial negative influence on the mortality of tea thrips, with thrips mortality increasing dramatically as the concentration level was decreased. The technical effectiveness of the mortality showed that plant extracts and their related features were over 98 percent effective in controlling tea thrips, as opposed to chemicals and pesticides. Bangladesh J. Bot. 51(3): 401-410, 2022 (September)

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Desoky, El Sayed M., Seham A. Ibrahim, and Abdel Rahman M. Merwad. "Mitigation of Salinity Stress Effects on Growth, Physio-Chemical Parameters and Yield of Snapbean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) by Exogenous Application of Glycine Betaine." International Letters of Natural Sciences 76 (August 2019): 60–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.76.60.

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Pots experiment was carried out during season 2017 at greenhouse of the Agric. Bot. Dep., Fac. of Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt to evaluate the effect of glycine betaine (GB) application under salinity stress (50 and100 mM NaCl) on growth, physio-chemical analysis and yield of snap bean cv. Bronco. A complete randomized blocks design was used in this search with three replications. Growth parameters, chlorophyll content and green pod yield were significantly decreased with subjecting plants to NaCl. However foliar application of GB detoxified the stress generated by NaCl and significantly improved the above mention parameters. Salinity stress increased the electrolyte leakage (EL) and decreased membrane stability index (MSI) and relative water content (RWC). While foliar application of GB was improved MSI and RWC and minimized EL. Proline content and antioxidant enzymes significantly increased in the response to NaCl stress as well as GB application.

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Desoky, El Sayed M., Seham A. Ibrahim, and Abdel Rahman M. Merwad. "Mitigation of Salinity Stress Effects on Growth, Physio-Chemical Parameters and Yield of Snapbean (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> L.) by Exogenous Application of Glycine Betaine." International Letters of Natural Sciences 76 (August 6, 2019): 60–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-x8aad9.

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Pots experiment was carried out during season 2017 at greenhouse of the Agric. Bot. Dep., Fac. of Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt to evaluate the effect of glycine betaine (GB) application under salinity stress (50 and100 mM NaCl) on growth, physio-chemical analysis and yield of snap bean cv. Bronco. A complete randomized blocks design was used in this search with three replications. Growth parameters, chlorophyll content and green pod yield were significantly decreased with subjecting plants to NaCl. However foliar application of GB detoxified the stress generated by NaCl and significantly improved the above mention parameters. Salinity stress increased the electrolyte leakage (EL) and decreased membrane stability index (MSI) and relative water content (RWC). While foliar application of GB was improved MSI and RWC and minimized EL. Proline content and antioxidant enzymes significantly increased in the response to NaCl stress as well as GB application.

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Cuervo, Wilmer, Camila Gomez Lopez, Ignacio Fernandez Marenchino, Araceli B. Maderal, Juan Vargas, Federico Tarnonsky, andres Fernandez-Lehman, Tessa M. Schulmeister, Federico Podversich, and Nicolas DiLorenzo. "340 Ruminal Protozoa Viability Under Diverse Additives Using Trypan Blue Exclusion Method as an Alternative Counting Methodology." Journal of Animal Science 101, Supplement_3 (November 6, 2023): 269–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skad281.322.

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Abstract Beef cattle are a major contributor to methane (CH4) emissions. Enteric CH4 is produced by archaea, mostly hosted by ruminal protozoa, thus, changes in protozoa counts have been associated with CH4 production. Therefore, reliable ruminal protozoa count (PROT) is essential to evaluate CH4-mitigation strategies. Typically, PROT are done by fixation with methyl-green-formalin-saline solution (MFS), which reveals ciliate numbers but not ruminal protozoa viability (VIAB). The Trypan Blue Exclusion Method (TBEM) involves an intracellular probe that dyes the cytoplasm of apoptotic eukaryotic cells with membrane damage, but few studies report its use for PROT. Therefore, our objectives were to establish culture conditions to use the TBEM for PROT and VIAB under different diets (Exp. 1) and feed additives. In Exp. 1 ruminal fluid was collected from 4 Angus-crossbred ruminally cannulated steers receiving a high-grain diet (NOYE) alone or supplemented with 28 g /d of a product of yeast fermentation (YEAST). Filtered and diluted ruminal fluid was incubated (39ºC, 95% CO2) with (SUB) or without (NOSUB) the substrate diet in three types of containers; 125 mL bottles (BOT), Erlenmeyer (ERL), or 16 × 125 mm Hungate tubes (TUB). After 8, 12, 24, and 48 h PROT and VIAB were determined using the TBEM, gas production, and CH4 concentration were measured. Exp. 2 involved in vitro batch culture incubations with a silage-based substrate (CON), plus a 50:50% mix of condensed and hydrolysable tannins (TAN), cashew nutshell extract (CNSE), or citral (CIT) at 0.3, 0.02, and 0.2% of substrate DM, respectively. At 0 and 48 h PROT, VIAB, volatile fatty acids (VFA), CH4, in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), and gas were determined. In Exp-1, PROT and VIAB were greater in TUB (P = 0.01) at 24 h and in BOT at 48 h (P < 0.01), particularly with SUB (P < 0.01). Supplementation of YEAST reduced VIAB in BOT and TUB compared with ERL (P < 0.01). In Exp. 2, TAN (P < 0.01) and CIT (p 0.05) reduced PROT and VIAB at 24 and 48 h (P < 0.01). Additionally, TAN reduced gas production (P < 0.01), and IVOMD (P < 0.01) coinciding with previous studies reporting protozoa reduction. Protozoa/mL were similar to previous reports with MFS in cows (1.5 × 104) and steers (3.7 × 103). In both experiments, PROT and VIAB reductions by YEAST, TAN and CIT coincided with a reduction of CH4, gas, and IVOMD. Differences in PROT with some studies using MFS might be associated with losses of small Entodinium during initial filtrations. When cultured in BOT with substrate, TBEM is a viable, simple, rapid, and cost-effective methodology to evaluate PROT and VIAB after a nutritional challenge. The ability to assess membrane disruptions associated with protozoa apoptosis in the TBEM is one its greatest advantages.

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Chen, Yongjun, Tengfei Wang, You’an Xiao, Yang Wang, and Gang’ao Yan. "An Approach of Consensus-Based Double-Layer Blockchain System for Multi-Ship Collision Risk Mitigation Considering COLREGs." Applied Sciences 13, no. 20 (October 11, 2023): 11178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app132011178.

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Ship collision avoidance (CA) is the most fundamental and essential issue of maritime safety, regardless of whether the ship is a conventional ship or a future maritime autonomous surface ship (MASS). However, effective ship-to-ship communication has been recognized as a critical issue and one of the major challenges affecting the success of ship CA. This study intends to investigate the basic trust concerns in the cybersecurity components of the ship CA process and develop a blockchain-based solution for trustworthy communication. The novel idea behind applying blockchain to ship CA decision-making is that the various participating ships in a scenario of dynamically changing ship encounters form a decentralized network of opportunities, which makes blockchain an appealing tool to offer a solution for evaluating and maximizing trust in entity dynamics. The mechanism of entity participation in upholding a master chain for avoiding ship encounters is described in this work. The research begins by analyzing conventional ship CA decision scenarios under COLREGs in order to identify formal communication strategies that can make information more understandable. Based on this, it is demonstrated how beliefs of trust (BoT) between entities are encoded and combined on the chain to enable entities in the encounter scenario to form an initial opinion about another entity before becoming familiar with it. This first encounter occurs during ship CA. Second, this article examines how encounter ships have temporary rights in the process of making CA decisions. This generates blocks and attaches them to the chain at the consensus layer of blockchain technology. Finally, this study undertakes a case test of ship CA based on the aforementioned communication principles. In order to ensure safe and effective communication during brief, one-time ship encounters, the results offer a practical method for conveying CA reasoning in encounter scenarios. As a result, it can aid in the selection of better (more reliable) nodes to uphold the evidence-based understanding of the ship CA process and assess the reliability of unidentified members.

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Tarunamulia, Tarunamulia, Kamariah Kamariah, and Akhmad Mustafa. "KETERKAITAN SPASIAL KUALITAS LINGKUNGAN DAN KEBERADAAN FITOPLANKTON BERPOTENSI HABs PADA TAMBAK EKSTENSIF DI KECAMATAN LOSARI KABUPATEN CIREBON, JAWA BARAT." Jurnal Riset Akuakultur 11, no. 2 (December 28, 2016): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jra.11.2.2016.181-195.

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Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) dapat memberikan dampak negatif secara ekologis, ekonomis dan kesehatan. Kejadian dapat bervariasi menurut faktor lingkungan lokal pemicu serta kemampuan adaptasi spesies. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keterkaitan antara karakteristik kualitas lingkungan dengan keberadaan fitoplankton berpotensi HABs pada tambak ekstensif di Kecamatan Losari Kabupaten Cirebon, Jawa Barat. Sebanyak masing-masing 45 contoh air dan tanah diambil pada total luas petakan tambak ±2300 ha dengan metode transek yang dimodifikasi. Peubah kualitas air yang diukur meliputi; Total Amonia Nitrogen (TAN), Nitrit (NO2-N), Nitrat (NO3-N), Fosfat (PO4-P), Bahan Organik Total (BOT) dan Plankton. Sedangkan peubah kualitas tanah tambak meliputi pH, total nitrogen (NTOT), fosfat (PO4-P) dan BOT. Analisis keterkaitan kualitas lingkungan dengan keberadaan fitoplankton berpotensi HABs dilakukan dengan BIO-ENV analysis, Cluster analysis, dan analisis spasial dengan software PRIMER 5.0 dan ArcGIS 10.0. Dari 23 spesies yang diidentifikasi terdapat 5 spesies (21%) yang potensial sebagai HABs meliputi Prorocentrum sp, Ceratium sp, Gymnodinium sp, Thalassiosira sp dan Nitzchia sp. Prorocentrum sp ditemukan pada 21 stasiun dari total 45 stasiun dengan kepadatan tertinggi (508 ind/L). Hasil analisis selanjutnya menunjukkan bahwa distribusi spasial spesies berkaitan erat dengan distribusi nilai TAN dan BOT air serta nilai N-Total tanah. Jika tidak ada upaya pengelolaan dan mitigasi sehubungan keberadaan HABs tersebut maka dikhawatirkan dapat mempengaruhi produktivitas dan keberlanjutan kegiatan budidaya di lokasi penelitian.Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) can cause serious negative ecological, economical and human health impacts. The occurrence of HABs may vary according to local environmental factors and the adaptability level of the causative species. This study aims to determine the relationship between environmental quality and the presence of causative phytoplankton species of HABs at extensive brackishwater aquaculture ponds located in Losari District, Cirebon Regency, and West Java Province. The sampling method followed a modified transect method by which a total of 45 each water and soil samples were taken from pond units, covering the total area of about 2300 ha. Water quality parameters comprised total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrite, nitrate, phosphate and total organic matter (TOM). Whilst the pond soil quality variables included pH, total nitrogen (NTOT), phosphate and TOM. Spatial relationship between environmental quality and the presence of potentially causative phytoplankton species of HABs conducted through BIO-ENV analysis, cluster analysis and spatial analysis with the help of software PRIMER 5.0 and ArcGIS 10. Of the total 23 identified phytoplankton species, 5 species (21%) were classified as potentially causative sepecies of HABs including Prorocentrum sp, Ceratium sp, Gymnodinium sp, Thalassiosira sp and Nitzchia sp. Prorocentrum sp was discovered in 21 stations of a total of 45 stations and accounted for the highest density (508 ind. / L). The results further indicated that the spatial distribution of the causative species is closely related to the distribution of values of TAN and TOM (water) and NTOT (soil). Unless effective management and mitigation efforts are undertaken, the presence of the potentially causative species could affect the sustainability of aquaculture activities at the study sites.

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Jamali, Ali, Masoud Mahdianpari, Brian Brisco, Jean Granger, Fariba Mohammadimanesh, and Bahram Salehi. "Comparing Solo Versus Ensemble Convolutional Neural Networks for Wetland Classification Using Multi-Spectral Satellite Imagery." Remote Sensing 13, no. 11 (May 22, 2021): 2046. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13112046.

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Wetlands are important ecosystems that are linked to climate change mitigation. As 25% of global wetlands are located in Canada, accurate and up-to-date wetland classification is of high importance, nationally and internationally. The advent of deep learning techniques has revolutionized the current use of machine learning algorithms to classify complex environments, specifically in remote sensing. In this paper, we explore the potential and possible limitations to be overcome regarding the use of ensemble deep learning techniques for complex wetland classification and discusses the potential and limitation of various solo convolutional neural networks (CNNs), including DenseNet, GoogLeNet, ShuffleNet, MobileNet, Xception, Inception-ResNet, ResNet18, and ResNet101 in three different study areas located in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada (i.e., Avalon, Gros Morne, and Grand Falls). Moreover, to improve the classification accuracies of wetland classes of bog, fen, marsh, swamp, and shallow water, the results of the three best CNNs in each study area is fused using three supervised classifiers of random forest (RF), bagged tree (BTree), Bayesian optimized tree (BOT), and one unsupervised majority voting classifier. The results suggest that the ensemble models, in particular BTree, have a valuable role to play in the classification of wetland classes of bog, fen, marsh, swamp, and shallow water. The ensemble CNNs show an improvement of 9.63–19.04% in terms of mean producer’s accuracy compared to the solo CNNs, to recognize wetland classes in three different study areas. This research indicates a promising potential for integrating ensemble-based learning and deep learning for operational large area land cover, particularly complex wetland type classification.

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Hale, Amanda M., Cris D. Hein, and Bethany R. Straw. "Acoustic and Genetic Data Can Reduce Uncertainty Regarding Populations of Migratory Tree-Roosting Bats Impacted by Wind Energy." Animals 12, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12010081.

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Wind turbine-related mortality may pose a population-level threat for migratory tree-roosting bats, such as the hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus) in North America. These species are dispersed within their range, making it impractical to estimate census populations size using traditional survey methods. Nonetheless, understanding population size and trends is essential for evaluating and mitigating risk from wind turbine mortality. Using various sampling techniques, including systematic acoustic sampling and genetic analyses, we argue that building a weight of evidence regarding bat population status and trends is possible to (1) assess the sustainability of mortality associated with wind turbines; (2) determine the level of mitigation required; and (3) evaluate the effectiveness of mitigation measures to ensure population viability for these species. Long-term, systematic data collection remains the most viable option for reducing uncertainty regarding population trends for migratory tree-roosting bats. We recommend collecting acoustic data using the statistically robust North American Bat Monitoring Program (NABat) protocols and that genetic diversity is monitored at repeated time intervals to show species trends. There are no short-term actions to resolve these population-level questions; however, we discuss opportunities for relatively short-term investments that will lead to long-term success in reducing uncertainty.

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Putra, Yanuar Dharma, and Imron Mawardi. "ELIMINASI RISIKO OPERASIONAL BMT SRI SEJAHTERA SURABAYA." Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Teori dan Terapan 6, no. 7 (January 17, 2020): 1317. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/vol6iss20197pp1317-1330.

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The results of this research are risk mitigation measures in the continuity of internal processes, human resources, technology and information. Risk mitigation on the internal processes is done by performing supervision based on employees job description, and implementation of sharia financing agreements with customers. Risk mitigation on human resources is done by providing moral guidance to employees. Risk mitigation in information technology is carried out by performing regular maintenance of computer software and hardware, as well as other devices that support Baitul Maal wa tamwil Sri Sejahtera business activities.

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Gabriel, Kyle T., Ashley G. McDonald, Kelly E. Lutsch, Peter E. Pattavina, Katrina M. Morris, Emily A. Ferrall, Sidney A. Crow, and Christopher T. Cornelison. "Development of a multi-year white-nose syndrome mitigation strategy using antifungal volatile organic compounds." PLOS ONE 17, no. 12 (December 1, 2022): e0278603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278603.

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Pseudogymnoascus destructans is a fungal pathogen responsible for a deadly disease among North American bats known as white-nose syndrome (WNS). Since detection of WNS in the United States in 2006, its rapid spread and high mortality has challenged development of treatment and prevention methods, a significant objective for wildlife management agencies. In an effort to mitigate precipitous declines in bat populations due to WNS, we have developed and implemented a multi-year mitigation strategy at Black Diamond Tunnel (BDT), Georgia, singly known as one of the most substantial winter colony sites for tricolored bats (Perimyotis subflavus), with pre-WNS abundance exceeding 5000 individuals. Our mitigation approach involved in situ treatment of bats at the colony level through aerosol distribution of antifungal volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that demonstrated an in vitro ability to inhibit P. destructans conidia germination and mycelial growth through contact-independent exposure. The VOCs evaluated have been identified from microbes inhabiting naturally-occurring fungistatic soils and endophytic fungi. These VOCs are of low toxicity to mammals and have been observed to elicit antagonism of P. destructans at low gaseous concentrations. Cumulatively, our observations resolved no detrimental impact on bat behavior or health, yet indicated a potential for attenuation of WNS related declines at BDT and demonstrated the feasibility of this novel disease management approach.

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HASE, KAZUMA, and SHIZUKO HIRYU. "Mitigation of Signal Jamming in Bat Echolocation." Japanese Journal of Animal Psychology 69, no. 2 (2019): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2502/janip.69.1.5.

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Sołowczuk, Alicja, and Dominik Kacprzak. "Identification of the Key Determinants of Bats’ Altitude Increase over the S3 Expressway in Poland with Mesh Screens Applied." Sustainability 14, no. 22 (November 18, 2022): 15324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142215324.

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The continuing increase in motorisation and the resulting development of the road infrastructure puts increasing demands on environmental protection, and on the protection of bats in particular. One of the available mitigation measures is mesh screen structures installed on dual carriageways. However, not all the mitigating measures turn out to be effective and functional. Mesh screens were installed along a road section over a dozen kilometres long near a large bat reserve in Poland (40,000 bats). As part of post-construction work, bat mortality monitoring was conducted over a 3–4 year period in order to assess the effectiveness of the mesh screens in raising the height of bat flyways. An analysis of the mortality surveys and the locations of bat carcasses found along the expressway allowed the authors to confirm that the screens may contribute to raising the height of bat flyways, yet this effect should be considered in combination with other determinants identified during the surveys. The article presents the main determinants, which together with the mesh screens installed along a dual carriageway road over the length of several kilometres, can contribute to the effective raising of the height at which bats fly across the road. The most important determinants included: retaining the continuity of linear landscape features along the confirmed bat commuting and migration routes, no gaps in the tree line greater than 30 m, use of natural funnels for bats to fly through, and sizing of culverts and underpasses appropriate for the specific bat species, as identified in the pre-construction surveys. The conclusion drawn from the research was the need for interdisciplinary studies to be carried out already during preliminary design work, to ensure a sustainable approach on the part of the road engineers, structural engineers, chiropterologists, and landscape architects involved in the road project. A detailed analysis of numerous factors relevant to the analysed dual carriageway demonstrated the importance of following the principles of sustainable design and collaboration within interdisciplinary design teams to select the best mitigation measures already at the pre-construction stage of the project.

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Derbal, Massinissa, Mohamed Gharib, Shady S. Refaat, Alan Palazzolo, and Sadok Sassi. "Fractional-order controllers for stick-slip vibration mitigation in oil well drill-strings." Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control 40, no. 3 (January 11, 2021): 1571–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461348420984040.

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Drillstring–borehole interaction can produce severely damaging vibrations. An example is stick–slip vibration, which negatively affects drilling performance, tool integrity and completion time, and costs. Attempts to mitigate stick–slip vibration typically use passive means and/or change the operation parameters, such as weight on bit and rotational speed. Automating the latter approach, by means of feedback control, holds the promise of quicker and more effective mitigation. The present work presents three separate fractional-order controllers for mitigating drillstring slip–stick vibrations. For the sake of illustration, the drillstring is represented by a torsional vibration lumped parameter model with four degrees of freedom, including parameter uncertainty. The robustness of these fractional-order controllers is compared with traditional proportional-integral-derivative controllers under variation of the weight on bit and the drill bit’s desired rotary speed. The results confirm the proposed controllers effectiveness and feasibility, with rapid time response and less overshoot than conventional proportional-integral-derivative controllers.

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Chang, Wu, and J. R. Cruz. "Intertrack Interference Mitigation on Staggered Bit-Patterned Media." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 47, no. 10 (October 2011): 2551–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2011.2151839.

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Mohammed, Asaad, and Maher K. Mahmood Al-Azawi. "COMPARISON OF TIME AND TIME-FREQUENCY DOMAINS IMPULSIVE NOISE MITIGATION TECHNIQUES FOR POWER LINE COMMUNICATIONS." Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development 27, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 68–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31272/jeasd.27.1.6.

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Impulsive noise is one of the foremost situations in power line communications that degrades the performance of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing used for the power line communications channel. In this paper, a channel version of the broadband power line communications is assumed when evaluating the bit error rate performance. Three impulsive noise environments are assumed, namely heavily, moderately, and weakly disturbed. The well-known time domain mitigation techniques are tested first. These are clipping, blanking, and mixing clipping with blanking. The results of Matlab simulations show that these time-domain mitigation techniques don't significantly improve the bit error rate performance. A hybrid domain of time and frequency mitigation techniques are used to enhance the bit error rate performance. The Matlab simulation results show that this hybrid domain of time and frequency approach outperforms time domain nonlinearities and can largely improve the bit error rate performance. Signal-to-noise ratio gains of about 8 dB, 10 dB, and 10 dB are obtained for heavily, moderately, and weakly disturbed channels, respectively, using the domains of time and frequency mitigation technique at a bit error rate of when compared to the blanking time domain technique.

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Chang, Wu, and J. R. Cruz. "Inter-Track Interference Mitigation for Bit-Patterned Magnetic Recording." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 46, no. 11 (November 2010): 3899–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2010.2056926.

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Tangcharoensathien, Viroj, Poonam Singh, and Anne Mills. "COVID-19 response and mitigation: a call for action." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 99, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 78–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/blt.20.285322.

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Pradyumna, Adithya, Sheetal Patil, and Madhuri Ramesh. "Considering vulnerable communities in climate mitigation and adaption plans, India." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 101, no. 02 (February 1, 2023): 149–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/blt.22.288846.

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Oranje, Maarten, and Inke Mathauer. "A health financing policy agenda for climate mitigation and adaptation." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 102, no. 5 (May 1, 2024): 363–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/blt.23.291253.

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Majeed, F. Abdul, M. Karkoub, H. Karki, and Y. L. Abdel Magid. "Drill Bit Whirl Mitigation Analysis – An Under Actuated System Perspective." International Journal of Sustainable Energy Development 1, no. 2 (December 1, 2012): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.20533/ijsed.2046.3707.2012.0006.

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Victora, R. H., Sumei Wang, Pin-Wei Huang, and Ali Ghoreyshi. "Noise Mitigation in Granular and Bit-Patterned Media for HAMR." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 51, no. 4 (April 2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2014.2353660.

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Sadeghi, Mohammad, and Hooman Nikmehr. "Aging-mitigation of cache memories by Intra-Word Bit Swapping." Microprocessors and Microsystems 72 (February 2020): 102941. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micpro.2019.102941.

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Han, Youngsun, Yongtae Kim, and Byung Wook Kim. "Bit-Shuffle Coding for Flicker Mitigation in Visible Light Communication." IEEE Access 7 (2019): 150271–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2947763.

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Du, Cheng, Robert Martin, Yunping Huang, Ameya Borwankar, Zhijun Tan, Jay West, Nripen Singh, et al. "Vitamin B 12 association with mAbs: Mechanism and potential mitigation strategies." Biotechnology and Bioengineering 115, no. 4 (December 19, 2017): 900–909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.26511.

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Anderson, Alexandra M., Catherine B. Jardine, J. R. Zimmerling, Erin F. Baerwald, and Christina M. Davy. "Effects of turbine height and cut-in speed on bat and swallow fatalities at wind energy facilities." FACETS 7 (January 1, 2022): 1281–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/facets-2022-0105.

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Understanding the relationship between the height of wind turbines and wildlife fatalities is important for informing and mitigating wildlife collisions as ever taller and denser arrays of wind turbines are erected across the landscape. We examined relationships between turbine height and fatalities of bats and swallows at 811 turbines in Ontario, Canada, ranging from 119 to 186 m tall. We accounted for cut-in speeds, operational mitigation, and taller turbines projecting carcasses farther from the turbine base than shorter turbines. Fatalities of hoary bats ( Lasiurus cinereus Palisot de Beauvois, 1796), silver-haired bats ( Lasionycteris noctivagans Le Conte, 1831), and big brown bats ( Eptesicus fuscus Palisot de Beauvois, 1796) increased with increased maximum blade height of turbines. In contrast, fatalities of little brown bat ( Myotis lucifugus Le Conte, 1831) and eastern red bat ( Lasiurus borealis Müller, 1776) decreased with increased turbine height. Fatalities of purple martins ( Progne subis Linnaeus, 1758) and tree swallows ( Tachycineta bicolor Vieillot, 1808) were higher at taller turbines than shorter turbines. However, fatalities of cliff swallow ( Petrochelidon pyrrhonota Vieillot, 1817) and barn swallow ( Hirundo rustica Linnaeus, 1758) were not associated with turbine height. Our results suggest that varying flight height among species may be one factor affecting collision risk.

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Nan, Junpei, Jieran Feng, Xu Deng, Chao Wang, Ke Sun, and Hao Zhou. "Hierarchical Low-Carbon Economic Dispatch with Source-Load Bilateral Carbon-Trading Based on Aumann–Shapley Method." Energies 15, no. 15 (July 24, 2022): 5359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15155359.

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Introducing carbon trading is an essential way to decarbonize the power system. Many existing studies mainly consider source-side unilateral carbon trading (UCT). However, there are still rare studies considering source-load bilateral carbon trading (BCT). The effect of source-load BCT on system-wide carbon mitigation is worth studying. To fill this research gap, a hierarchical low-carbon economic-dispatch model with source-load BCT based on the Aumann–Shapley method was proposed. In the first layer, economic-dispatch was conducted to minimize the power-generation costs and source-side carbon-trading costs. Then, based on the carbon-emission flow (CEF) theory, the actual load carbon emissions can be obtained and passed to the second layer. At the second layer, the demand-response optimization was performed to minimize the load-side carbon-trading costs. Finally, the proposed model was tested on the modified New England 39-bus and IEEE 118-bus systems using the MATLAB/YALMIP platform with the Gurobi solver. The results indicate that the proposed model can effectively facilitate peak-load shifting, wind-power consumption, and carbon mitigation. Furthermore, compared with the models only considering source-side or load-side UCT, the proposed source-load BCT model has obvious advantages in carbon mitigation.

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Brabant, Robin, Yves Laurent, Bob Jonge Poerink, and Steven Degraer. "The Relation between Migratory Activity of Pipistrellus Bats at Sea and Weather Conditions Offers Possibilities to Reduce Offshore Wind Farm Effects." Animals 11, no. 12 (December 4, 2021): 3457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11123457.

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Bats undertaking seasonal migration between summer roosts and wintering areas can cross large areas of open sea. Given the known impact of onshore wind turbines on bats, concerns were raised on whether offshore wind farms pose risks to bats. Better comprehension of the phenology and weather conditions of offshore bat migration are considered as research priorities for bat conservation and provide a scientific basis for mitigating the impact of offshore wind turbines on bats. This study investigated the weather conditions linked to the migratory activity of Pipistrellus bats at multiple near- and offshore locations in the Belgian part of the North Sea. We found a positive relationship between migratory activity and ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure and a negative relationship with wind speed. The activity was highest with a wind direction between NE and SE, which may favor offshore migration towards the UK. Further, we found a clear negative relationship between the number of detections and the distance from the coast. At the nearshore survey location, the number of detections was up to 24 times higher compared to the offshore locations. Our results can support mitigation strategies to reduce offshore wind farm effects on bats and offer guidance in the siting process of new offshore wind farms.

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Das, Bhagwan, Nawaz Ali Zardari, Farah Deeba, and Dileep Kumar Ramnani. "Design and Development of GUI for the Mitigation of Chromatic Dispersion: A New Approach." Sukkur IBA Journal of Emerging Technologies 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.30537/sjet.v5i1.937.

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Chromatic Dispersion (CD) is the important effect that is considering for optical communication system design as it broadens the pulse during the propagation along channel resulting in pulse overlapping and ultimately bit errors raises. The increment in bit error, in result reduce the performance of optical system. Therefore, mitigation CD is necessary in order to improve the performance of optical communication system. There are several techniques of mitigating CD have been proposed and all based on coding based and this will create issues for the communication design engineer that every time the parameters need to be revised. In order to avoid this issue, the ease for the system design engineer has been created in designing the Graphical User Interface (GUI). In this work, GUI is designed and developed that will request the parameters need to be select for the optical system and it will describe the all process for mitigating it from the system. In the first, the communication system designer have to select the Transmission along with modulation and after that transmission at distance is asked in terms of km. The CD is mitigated uses least mean square technique and Fast Fourier Transform method. The further smoothing of signal is improved by Pulse shaping via using the raised cosine filter. In the end, the original signal and the compensated signal are defined. The BER is also calculated to show whether the reduction through DSP is performed. The GUI is developed in MATLAB and every button backhand the strong coding is used in C++ for developing the system. The designed and developed system offers the ease of use for the communication engineer, in which on one platform the user can observer well the optical system instead of programming. Keywords: , , , .

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Wabnitz, S., and K. S. Turitsyn. "Mitigation of Nonlinear and PMD Impairments by Bit-Synchronous Polarization Scrambling." Journal of Lightwave Technology 30, no. 15 (August 2012): 2494–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2012.2201209.

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Noe, R., D. Sandel, and V. Mirvoda. "PMD in High-Bit-Rate Transmission and Means for Its Mitigation." IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 10, no. 2 (March 2004): 341–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jstqe.2004.827842.

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YAN, G., Y. HAN, X. LI, and H. LIU. "BAT: Performance-Driven Crosstalk Mitigation Based on Bus-Grouping Asynchronous Transmission." IEICE Transactions on Electronics E91-C, no. 10 (October 1, 2008): 1690–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ietele/e91-c.10.1690.

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Mavis, D. G., P. H. Eaton, M. D. Sibley, R. C. Lacoe, E. J. Smith, and K. A. Avery. "Multiple Bit Upsets and Error Mitigation in Ultra-Deep Submicron SRAMS." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 55, no. 6 (December 2008): 3288–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tns.2008.2006893.

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Divoll, Timothy J., and Joy M. O’Keefe. "Airport Expansion and Endangered Bats: Development and Mitigation Actions Near the Indianapolis International Airport." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 29 (September 28, 2018): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118799711.

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Economic prosperity and globalization are major drivers for development of international airports, but aviation-oriented businesses and residential developments are a by-product of airport business models. Among the multitude of planning and development considerations is the habitat needs of endangered wildlife species. Foraging data were analyzed from 57 bats during three time periods (1998–1999: pre-mitigation; 2005–2006: during mitigation, and 2014–2016: post-mitigation) of a long-term study of Indiana bats ( Myotis sodalis) near the Indianapolis International Airport. At this site, both developed land cover and forested land cover increased between 1998 and 2016 (34.1% and 3.3%, respectively). Mitigation actions included converting 323 ha of residential lots back to forest, and creation of a 56 ha wetland and an 85 ha multi-use park. Bat use of landscape cover types was related to changes in land cover during each period and competing hypotheses were compared to explain changes in bat foraging space use. With the addition of a major highway interchange where the colony foraged, bats increased foraging ranges, presumable in search of new habitat. In all periods, bats selected for forested habitat; as trees in replanted forest and designated parks aged, bats reduced their foraging ranges. Restoring hardwood forest and setting aside parklands were effective proactive mitigation measures for the colony of Indiana bats near the Indianapolis International Airport, and similar actions should benefit other wildlife where human development and habitat needs intersect.

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Blom, Iris Martine, Mohamed Eissa, Juliette Claudine Mattijsen, Hamaiyal Sana, Andy Haines, and Sarah Whitmee. "Effectiveness of greenhouse gas mitigation intervention for health-care systems: a systematic review." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 102, no. 03 (March 1, 2024): 159–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/blt.23.290464.

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Squires, Kelly A., Bethany G. Thurber, J. Ryan Zimmerling, and Charles M. Francis. "Timing and Weather Offer Alternative Mitigation Strategies for Lowering Bat Mortality at Wind Energy Facilities in Ontario." Animals 11, no. 12 (December 8, 2021): 3503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11123503.

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Relatively high mortality of migratory bats at wind energy facilities has prompted research to understand the underlying spatial and temporal factors, with the goal of developing more effective mitigation approaches. We examined acoustic recordings of echolocation calls at 12 sites and post-construction carcass survey data collected at 10 wind energy facilities in Ontario, Canada, to quantify the degree to which timing and regional-scale weather predict bat activity and mortality. Rain and low temperatures consistently predicted low mortality and activity of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) and three species of migratory tree bats: hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus), eastern red bat (L. borealis), and silver-haired bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans). Bat activity occurred in waves with distinct peaks through the season; regardless of seasonal timing, most activities occurred in the first half of the night. We conclude that wind energy facilities could adopt a novel and more effective curtailment strategy based on weather and seasonal and nocturnal timing that would minimize mortality risks for bats while increasing the opportunities for power generation, relative to the mitigation strategy of increasing cut-in wind speed to 5.5 m/s.

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Qi, Xing Jun, and Shu Gang Chen. "Influence of Soil-Pile Interaction on Seismic Mitigation Effectiveness with FPB for Curved Girder Bridge." Advanced Materials Research 368-373 (October 2011): 971–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.368-373.971.

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The seismic response of curved girder bridge is more complex because of its irregular plane shape. Friction pendulum bearing (FPB) has a positive effect on structural seismic response. The seismic response mitigation effectiveness of FPB to curved girder bridge with soil-pile interaction considered is needed to research. The three-dimensional calculation model of a curved continuous girder bridge is established, and FPB are added at the positions of sliding bearings with soil-pile interaction. The influence of soil-pile interaction on seismic response mitigation effectiveness of FPB is computed and analyzed under three-dimensional ground motion action. The results show that the seismic response mitigation effectiveness of FPB is quite obvious with or without soil-pile interaction considered. Furthermore, seismic response mitigation effectiveness of FPB increases for the internal force of piers after soil-pile interaction considered. FPB has great and positive mitigation effectiveness on the seismic longitudinal displacement of the main girder of curved girder bridge, but with soil-pile interaction considered the mitigation effectiveness decreases a bit.

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Nurjanah, Ayu, Kartini Herlina, and Chandra Ertikanto. "Development of Natural Disaster Mitigation LKPD Based on PJBL-STEM Assisted by Micro: Bit to Increase Self Awareness and Creative Problem Solving." Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA 9, SpecialIssue (December 25, 2023): 506–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9ispecialissue.6124.

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This research aims to validate the PJBL-STEM-based natural disaster mitigation worksheet assisted by Micro: bit that has been developed. Validation was carried out by three experts, two of whom were academic experts in the field of education, and the other person was a teacher as a practitioner expert. The validation results show that the worksheet developed is very valid. The content validity of the worksheet obtained an average validity percentage weight of 89.1%, which was categorized as very valid; this shows the vital relevance of the content to learning objectives related to mitigating natural disasters due to global warming. The validity of the language aspect obtained an average weighted percentage of validity of 89.6%, which is categorized as very valid and shows excellent language quality and communication skills. Finally, the media and design's validity consists of cover and content aspects. The cover design received an average validity percentage of 93.5%, and the content design obtained an average validity percentage of 91.7%, so both are categorized as very valid. This confirms that the design of the worksheet, both the cover and the presentation of the contents, is perfect. These findings highlight that these worksheets maintain high-quality content, language, and design standards.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Bot Mitigation'

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