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Journal articles on the topic 'Boswellic acid'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 19 February 2022

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1

Ota, Masahiro, and Peter J. Houghton. "Boswellic Acids with Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Properties from Frankincense." Natural Product Communications 3, no. 1 (January 2008): 1934578X0800300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0800300105.

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Frankincense, a gum resin secreted from barks of Boswellia species, is reputed in Arabian folk medicine to improve the memory. In this study, the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory effect of extracts of frankincense and their constituents were investigated. The ethyl acetate soluble fraction from methanol extracts showed the greatest inhibition of acetylcholinesterase. Bioassay-guided fractionation was carried out to isolate several boswellic acids, and their structures were determined spectroscopically. The boswellic acids showing the most inhibitory activity on acetylcholinesterase were 11α-hydroxy-β-boswellic acid (1) and 11-keto-β-boswellic acid (5), whilst others isolated i.e. 3α-acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (2), 3α-acetyl-11α-hydroxy-β-boswellic acid (3), 11α-methoxy-β-boswellic acid (4), β-boswellic acid (6) and α-boswellic acid (7) were inactive. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity appears to be associated with the presence of either the free hydroxyl group or keto group at C-11 and of the free hydroxyl group at C-3 in the ursane skeleton.

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2

Schmiech, Michael, Judith Ulrich, Sophia Johanna Lang, Berthold Büchele, Christian Paetz, Alexis St-Gelais, Tatiana Syrovets, and Thomas Simmet. "11-Keto-α-Boswellic Acid, a Novel Triterpenoid from Boswellia spp. with Chemotaxonomic Potential and Antitumor Activity against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells." Molecules 26, no. 2 (January 12, 2021): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26020366.

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Boswellic acids, and particularly 11-keto-boswellic acids, triterpenoids derived from the genus Boswellia (Burseraceae), are known for their anti-inflammatory and potential antitumor efficacy. Although boswellic acids generally occur as α-isomers (oleanane type) and β-isomers (ursane type), 11-keto-boswellic acid (KBA) was found only as the β-isomer, β-KBA. Here, the existence and natural occurrence of the respective α-isomer, 11-keto-α-boswellic acid (α-KBA), is demonstrated for the first time. Initially, α-KBA was synthesized and characterized by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and a highly selective, sensitive, and accurate high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method was developed by Design of Experiments (DoE) using a pentafluorophenyl stationary phase. This method allowed the selective quantification of individual 11-keto-boswellic acids and provided evidence for α-KBA in Boswellia spp. oleogum resins. The contents of α-KBA as well as further boswellic acids and the composition of essential oils were used to chemotaxonomically classify 41 Boswellia oleogum resins from 9 different species. Moreover, α-KBA exhibited cytotoxicity against three treatment-resistant triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines in vitro and also induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 xenografts in vivo. The respective β-isomer and the acetylated form demonstrate higher cytotoxic efficacies against TNBC cells. This provides further insights into the structure-activity relationship of boswellic acids and could support future developments of potential anti-inflammatory and antitumor drugs.

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3

Wolfram, Ratna Kancana, Anja Barthel-Niesen, Renate Schäfer, Lucie Heller, Ahmed Al-Harrasi, and René Csuk. "Synthesis and cytotoxic screening of beta-boswellic acid derivatives." Mediterranean Journal of Chemistry 6, no. 4 (July 15, 2017): 142–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.13171/mjc64/01707151548-csuk.

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Beta-boswellic acids are triterpenoids being generic to the plants of genus boswellia. Although they were shown to exhibit different biological activities, the cytotoxic potential of b-boswellic acid derivatives remained by and large unexploited. To expand the potential of these compounds we developed simple procedures for the interconversion of the most important b-boswellic acids 1-4 and prepared several other derivatives 5-48. These compounds were screened for their cytotoxic activity in sulforhodamine B assays employing several human tumor cell lines and nonmalignant mouse fibroblasts. One of these compounds, a difluoromethylester of 3-O-acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid 23, was cytotoxic for human breast adenocarcinoma cells MCF-7 (EC50 = 6.5 mM) while being significantly less cytotoxic for the mouse fibroblasts.

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4

Badria, Farid A., Botros R. Mikhaeil, Galal T. Maatooq, and Mohamed M. A. Amer. "Immunomodulatory Triterpenoids from the Oleogum Resin of Boswellia carterii Birdwood." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 58, no. 7-8 (August 1, 2003): 505–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2003-7-811.

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Abstract The immunomodulatory bioassay-guided fractionation of the oleogum resin of frankincense (Boswellia carterii Bird wood) resulted in the isolation and identification of 9 compounds; palmitic acid and eight triterpenoids belonging to lupane, ursane, oleanane, and tirucallane skeleta were isolated form the resin. These triterpenoids are lupeol, β-boswellic acid, 11-keto-β-boswellic acid, acetyl β-boswellic acid, acetyl 11-keto-β-boswellic acid, acetyl- α-boswellic acid, 3-oxo-tirucallic acid, and 3-hydroxy-tirucallic acid. The structures of the isolated compounds were deduced based on spectroscopic evidences. The lymphocyte transformation assay of the isolated compounds proved that the total extract retained more activity than that of any of the purified compounds.

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5

Siemoneit, Ulf, Lars Tausch, Daniel Poeckel, Michael Paul, Hinnak Northoff, Andreas Koeberle, Johann Jauch, and Oliver Werz. "Defined Structure-Activity Relationships of Boswellic Acids Determine Modulation of Ca2+ Mobilization and Aggregation of Human Platelets by Boswellia serrata Extracts." Planta Medica 83, no. 12/13 (April 12, 2017): 1020–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-107884.

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AbstractBoswellic acids constitute a group of unique pentacyclic triterpene acids from Boswellia serrata with multiple pharmacological activities that confer them anti-inflammatory and anti-tumoral properties. A subgroup of boswellic acids, characterized by an 11-keto group, elevates intracellular Ca2+ concentrations [Ca2+]i and causes moderate aggregation of human platelets. How different BAs and their mixtures in pharmacological preparations affect these parameters in activated platelets has not been addressed, so far. Here, we show that boswellic acids either antagonize or induce Ca2+ mobilization and platelet aggregation depending on defined structural determinants with inductive effects predominating for a B. serrata gum resin extract. 3-O-Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid potently suppressed Ca2+ mobilization (IC50 = 6 µM) and aggregation (IC50 = 1 µM) when platelets were activated by collagen or the thromboxane A2 receptor agonist U-46619, but not upon thrombin. In contrast, β-boswellic acid and 3-O-acetyl-β-boswellic acid, which lack the 11-keto moiety, were weak inhibitors of agonist-induced platelet responses, but instead they elicited elevation of [Ca2+]i and aggregation of platelets (≥ 3 µM). 11-Keto-β-boswellic acid, the structural intermediate between 3-O-acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid and β-boswellic acid, was essentially inactive independent of the experimental conditions. Together, our study unravels the complex agonizing and antagonizing properties of boswellic acids on human platelets in pharmacologically relevant preparations of B. serrata gum extracts and prompts for careful evaluation of the safety of such extracts as herbal medicine in cardiovascular risk patients.

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6

Greve, Hippolyt L., Marcel Kaiser, Pascal Mäser, and Thomas J. Schmidt. "Boswellic Acids Show In Vitro Activity against Leishmania donovani." Molecules 26, no. 12 (June 15, 2021): 3651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26123651.

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In continuation of our search for leads from medicinal plants against protozoal pathogens, we detected antileishmanial activity in polar fractions of a dichloromethane extract from Boswellia serrata resin. 11-keto-β-boswellic acid (KBA) could be isolated from these fractions and was tested in vitro against Leishmania donovani axenic amastigotes along with five further boswellic acid derivatives. 3-O-acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA) showed the strongest activity with an IC50 value of 0.88 µM against axenic amastigotes but was inactive against intracellular amastigotes in murine macrophages

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7

Lu, Cheng Wei, Tzu Yu Lin, and Su Jane Wang. "11-Keto-β-Boswellic Acid Attenuates Glutamate Release and Kainic Acid-Induced Excitotoxicity in the Rat Hippocampus." Planta Medica 86, no. 06 (February 25, 2020): 434–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1107-9337.

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AbstractExcessive glutamate concentration induces neuronal death in acute brain injuries and chronic neurodegenerative diseases. Natural compounds from medicinal plants have attracted considerable attention for their use in the prevention and treatment of neurological disorders. 11-Keto-β-boswellic acid, a triterpenoid found in the medicinal plant Boswellia serrata, has neuroprotective potential. The present study investigated the effect of 11-keto-β-boswellic acid on glutamate release in vitro and kainic acid-induced glutamate excitotoxicity in vivo in the rat hippocampus. In rat hippocampal nerve terminals (synaptosomes), 11-keto-β-boswellic acid dose-dependently inhibited 4-aminopyridine-stimulated glutamate release. This effect was dependent on extracellular calcium, persisted in the presence of the glutamate transporter inhibitor DL-threo-β-benzyloxyaspartate, and was blocked by the vesicular transporter inhibitor bafilomycin A1. In addition, 11-keto-β-boswellic acid reduced the 4-aminopyridine-induced increase in intrasynaptosomal Ca2+ levels. The N- and P/Q-type channel blocker ω-conotoxin MVIIC and the protein kinase A inhibitor H89 significantly suppressed the 11-keto-β-boswellic acid-mediated inhibition of glutamate release, whereas the intracellular Ca2+-releasing inhibitors dantrolene, CGP37157, and xestospongin C, mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor PD98059, as well as protein kinase C inhibitor calphostin C had no effect. In a rat model of excitotoxicity induced by intraperitoneal kainic acid injection (15 mg/kg), intraperitoneal 11-keto-β-boswellic acid administration (10 or 50 mg/kg) 30 min before kainic acid injection considerably ameliorated kainic acid-induced glutamate concentration elevation and CA3 neuronal death. These data suggested that 11-keto-β-boswellic acid inhibits glutamate release from the rat hippocampal synaptosomes by suppressing N- and P/Q-type Ca2+ channels and protein kinase A activity, as well as exerts protective effects against kainic acid-induced excitotoxicity in vivo.

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8

Alyahya, AbdulRahman A. I., Mohammed Asad, Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq, Yahya Mohzari, Ahmed Alrashed, Hamdan Najib Alajami, Awad Othman Aljohani, Abdullah Ali Al Mushtawi, AssilNajib Alajmi, and Hanan Nageeb Alajmi. "Haematotoxic effects of methanolic extract of Boswellia sacra oleo gum resin (frankinccense) in rats." Science Progress 104, no. 2 (April 2021): 003685042110151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00368504211015102.

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In several parts of the world, Boswellia sacra Fluck. is one of the most commonly used herbs for the treatment of arthritis. Its usage should be validated in light of recent findings of haematotoxicity. This study was aimed to determine the effect of chronic administration of standardized methanolic extract of frankincense on blood cell count in experimental animals. Using high-performance liquid chromatography, the active constituents of B. sacra extract; boswellic acids were analyzed. The effect of three different doses of the extract (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg) on different blood cells and associated parameters was investigated. The behavior, food, and water consumption of the rats were recorded. Boswellic acids were present in varying amounts with α-boswellic acid and β-boswellic acid present in more amounts compared to other boswellic acids in the extract. All three doses tested had no effect on the animals’ behavior, food consumption, or weight gain. The administration of a low (500 mg/kg) and high (1000 mg/kg) dose of the extract resulted in a non-dose dependent reduction in MCH ( p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively), but no other blood parameters were significantly affected. The B. sacra extract produces hypochromic normocytic anemia in rats at higher doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg and this effect was not dose-dependent.

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9

Soliman, Alaa M., Raniah R. Majeed, Hala F. Ali Himyari, Dhanalekshmi UM, and Shah A. Khan. "In vitro Cytotoxic, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Alcoholic and Chloroform Extracts of Dhofari Frankincense." Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 19, no. 2 (December 10, 2020): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v19i2.50624.

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Omani (Dhofari) frankincense is world famous for its high quality and fragrance. The oleo-gum resin obtained from the tree of Omani species i.e., Boswellia sacra (local name: luban) is widely used by the natives. The aim of the study was to determine the presence of phytochemicals in chloroform and ethanol extracts of B. sacra resin and to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxic, antimicrobial- and antioxidant-activities. The ethanol and chloroform extracts of Hojari luban were obtained in good yield. The extracts were subjected to phytochemical screenings, quantification of total phenolics (TP) and evaluation of in vitro biological activities viz. antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxic potential. The bioactivities of four boswellic acids, the major constituents of the oleo-gum resin, were also predicted with the help of PASS and CLC-pred software. Both the extracts showed similar level of TP (14.67 mg/g and 14.79 mg/g in terms of gallic acid equivalent) but polar fraction was noted to be more active against E. coli. A moderate antioxidant activity was shown by the resin extracts however their cytotoxic activity was observed to be quite remarkable at 1000 μg/l which could be attributed to their high boswellic acid content. Results of in silico PASS studies showed boswellic acids to possess an array of useful biological activities including chemopreventive activity. Further, CLC-pred software revealed that only keto boswellic acid is expected to exert antineoplastic activity against pancreatic carcinoma cell lines, however all the four major boswellic acids are likely to be active against non-tumor embryonic lung fibroblast (MRC5). The study confirmed that frankincense is rich in bioactive metabolites which are of significant economic and therapeutic importance. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 19(2): 105-110, 2020 (December)

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10

Ghorpade, Ravi, Arvind Chopra, and Tukaram Nikam. "Influence of organic supplements on accumulation of β-boswellic acid, acetyl-β-boswellic acid, 11-keto-β-boswellic acid and acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid in callus culture of Boswellia serrata Roxb." Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 34, no. 6 (June 6, 2012): 2275–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11738-012-1028-5.

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11

Kiela, Pawel R., Anna J. Midura, Nesrin Kuscuoglu, Shivanand D. Jolad, Anikó M. Sólyom, David G. Besselsen, Barbara N. Timmermann, and Fayez K. Ghishan. "Effects ofBoswellia serratain mouse models of chemically induced colitis." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 288, no. 4 (April 2005): G798—G808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00433.2004.

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Extracts from Boswellia serrata have been reported to have anti-inflammatory activity, primarily via boswellic acid-mediated inhibition of leukotriene synthesis. In three small clinical trials, boswellia was shown to improve symptoms of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, and because of its alleged safety, boswellia was considered superior over mesalazine in terms of a benefit-risk evaluation. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of boswellia extracts in controlled settings of dextran sulfate- or trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis in mice. Our results suggest that boswellia is ineffective in ameliorating colitis in these models. Moreover, individual boswellic acids were demonstrated to increase the basal and IL-1β-stimulated NF-κB activity in intestinal epithelial cells in vitro as well as reverse proliferative effects of IL-1β. We also observed hepatotoxic effect of boswellia with pronounced hepatomegaly and steatosis. Hepatotoxity and increased lipid accumulation in response to boswellia were further confirmed in vitro in HepG2 cells with fluorescent Nile red binding/resazurin reduction assay and by confocal microscopy. Microarray analyses of hepatic gene expression demonstrated dysregulation of a number of genes, including a large group of lipid metabolism-related genes, and detoxifying enzymes, a response consistent with that to hepatotoxic xenobiotics. In summary, boswellia does not ameliorate symptoms of colitis in chemically induced murine models and, in higher doses, may become hepatotoxic. Potential implications of prolonged and uncontrolled intake of boswellia as an herbal supplement in inflammatory bowel disease and other inflammatory conditions should be considered in future clinical trials with this botanical.

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12

Kulkarni, Preeti D., Neena D. Damle, Lal Hingorani, Vaidhun H. Bhaskar, Minal R. Ghante, Anand Patil, Murari Gurjar, and Vikram Gota. "Pharmacokinetics of solid lipid Boswellia serrata particles in healthy subjects." Drug Metabolism and Personalized Therapy 36, no. 3 (April 5, 2021): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/dmpt-2020-0176.

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Abstract Objectives The anti-inflammatory activity of Boswellia serrata extracts (BSE) is well known. BSE comprises boswellic acids (BA) such as 3-O-acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid (AKBA) and 11-keto-boswellic acid (KBA) as major constituents. One of the limitations of BAs is their poor oral bioavailability. The aim of the study was to prepare solid lipid particles of Boswellia serrata extract (SLBSP) to enhance the bioavailability of BAs. Methods The pharmacokinetic profile of BAs was studied in 10 healthy human volunteers following a single oral dose of 333 mg of SLBSP. Pharmacokinetic blood samples were collected at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 12 h post drug administration. Plasma KBA and AKBA levels were measured using a validated LC-MS/MS method. Pharmacokinetics parameters were estimated using Pheonix WinNonlin (Build 6.4.0.768) software. Results Ten healthy human volunteers were included and peak plasma concentration was achieved in 1.5 and 2.3 h for AKBA and KBA respectively. Maximum plasma concentration (C max) was 8.04 ± 1.67 ng/mL for AKBA and 23.83 ± 4.41 ng/mL for KBA whereas the corresponding area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) was 136.7 ± 56.77 ng/mL*h and 165.7 ± 24.5 ng/mL*h respectively. The elimination half-life (t 1/2) of AKBA and KBA was 6.8 ± 3.0 h and 2.45 ± 0.3 h respectively. Conclusions The SLBSP formulation of BSE showed enhanced oral bioavailability of BAs compared with historically reported data of unformulated BSE.

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13

Calabrò, Salvatrice, Kousi Alzoubi, Caterina Faggio, Stefan Laufer, and Florian Lang. "Triggering of Suicidal Erythrocyte Death Following Boswellic Acid Exposure." Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 37, no. 1 (2015): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000430339.

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Background/Aims: The antinflammatory natural product boswellic acid is effective against cancer at least in part by inducing tumor cell apoptosis. Similar to apoptosis of nucleated cells erythrocytes may enter eryptosis, a suicidal death characterized by cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling with phosphatidylserine translocation to the erythrocyte surface. Stimulators of eryptosis include oxidative stress, increase of cytosolic Ca2+-activity ([Ca2+]i), energy depletion, ceramide formation and p38 kinase activation. The present study tested, whether and how boswellic acid induces eryptosis. Methods: Phosphatidylserine exposure at the cell surface was estimated from annexin V binding, cell volume from forward scatter, hemolysis from hemoglobin release, [Ca2+]i from Fluo3-fluorescence, ceramide abundance utilizing specific antibodies, reactive oxygen species (ROS) from 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofuorescein diacetate (DCFDA) fluorescence, and cytosolic ATP concentration utilizing a luciferin-luciferase assay kit. Results: A 24 hours exposure of human erythrocytes to boswellic acid (5 µg/ml) significantly increased the percentage of annexin-V-binding cells (to 9.3 ±0.9 %) and significantly decreased forward scatter. Boswellic acid did not significantly modify [Ca2+]i, cytosolic ATP, ROS, or ceramide abundance. The effect of boswellic acid on annexin-V-binding was significantly blunted, but not abolished by p38 kinase inhibitors skepinone (2 µM) and SB203580 (2 µM). Conclusions: Boswellic acid stimulates cell shrinkage and phospholipid scrambling of the erythrocyte cell membrane, an effect in part dependent on p38 protein kinase activity.

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14

Schmiech, Michael, Sophia J. Lang, Katharina Werner, Luay J. Rashan, Tatiana Syrovets, and Thomas Simmet. "Comparative Analysis of Pentacyclic Triterpenic Acid Compositions in Oleogum Resins of Different Boswellia Species and Their In Vitro Cytotoxicity against Treatment-Resistant Human Breast Cancer Cells." Molecules 24, no. 11 (June 7, 2019): 2153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24112153.

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Pentacyclic triterpenic acids from oleogum resins of Boswellia species are of considerable therapeutic interest. Yet, their pharmaceutical development is hampered by uncertainties regarding botanical identification and the complexity of triterpenic acid mixtures. Here, a highly sensitive, selective, and accurate method for the simultaneous quantification of eight boswellic and lupeolic acids by high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry detection (HPLC-MS/MS) was developed. The method was applied to the comparative analysis of 41 oleogum resins of the species B. sacra, B. dalzielli, B. papyrifera, B. serrata, B. carterii, B. neglecta, B. rivae, B. frereana, and B. occulta. Multivariate statistical analysis of the data revealed differences in the triterpenic acid composition that could be assigned to distinct Boswellia species and to their geographic growth location. Extracts of the oleogum resins exhibited cytotoxicity against the human, treatment-resistant, metastatic breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. Extracts from B. sacra were the most potent ones with an average IC50 of 8.3 ± 0.6 µg/mL. The oleogum resin of the B. sacra was further fractionated to enrich different groups of substances. The cytotoxic efficacy against the cancer cells correlates positively with the contents of pentacyclic triterpenic acids in Boswellia extracts.

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15

Serbian, Immo, Ratna Kancana Wolfram, Lucie Fischer, Ahmed Al-Harrasi, and René Csuk. "Hydroxylated boswellic and glycyrrhetinic acid derivatives: synthesis and cytotoxicity." Mediterranean Journal of Chemistry 7, no. 4 (November 21, 2018): 286–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.13171/mjc74181121-csuk.

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Oxidation of 2,3-dehydro-11-keto--boswellic acid gave derivatives holding extra hydroxyl groups at positions C-1, C-2 or C-1 and C-9, respectively. The synthesis of 2,3-dehydro-1,9-dihydroxy-11-keto--boswellic acid represents the first partial-synthetic access to this class of compounds. The synthetic strategy can be expanded easily, and a corresponding analogue derived from glycyrrhetinic acid was accessed by the same synthetic scheme in good overall yield. Boswellic and glycyrrhetinic acid 1,9-endoperoxides are intermediates for the synthesis of the 1,9-dihydroxylated compounds. These 1,9-endo-peroxides were highly cytotoxic for several human tumor cell lines but only diminished cytotoxicity was observed in SRB assays for the 1,9-dihydroxylated compounds.

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16

Wang, Chao, Peipei Dong, Liyuan Zhang, Xiaokui Huo, Baojing Zhang, Changyuan Wang, Shanshan Huang, et al. "Regio- and stereo-selective oxidation of β-boswellic acids transformed by filamentous fungi." RSC Advances 5, no. 17 (2015): 12717–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra16459h.

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Biotransformation of 11-keto-β-boswellic acid (KBA) and acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA) catalyzed by two fungal strains (Cunninghamella elegans AS 3.1207 and Penicillium janthinellum AS 3.510) was performed in the present investigation.

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17

Schmiech, Lang, Ulrich, Werner, Rashan, Syrovets, and Simmet. "Comparative Investigation of Frankincense Nutraceuticals: Correlation of Boswellic and Lupeolic Acid Contents with Cytokine Release Inhibition and Toxicity against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells." Nutrients 11, no. 10 (October 2, 2019): 2341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11102341.

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For centuries, frankincense extracts have been commonly used in traditional medicine, and more recently, in complementary medicine. Therefore, frankincense constituents such as boswellic and lupeolic acids are of considerable therapeutic interest. Sixteen frankincense nutraceuticals were characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS), revealing major differences in boswellic and lupeolic acid compositions and total contents, which varied from 0.4% to 35.7%. Frankincense nutraceuticals significantly inhibited the release of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8, by LPS-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and whole blood. Moreover, boswellic and lupeolic acid contents correlated with TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 inhibition. The nutraceuticals also exhibited toxicity against the human triple-negative breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-453, and CAL-51 in vitro. Nutraceuticals with total contents of boswellic and lupeolic acids >30% were the most active ones against MDA-MB-231 with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) ≤ 7.0 µg/mL. Moreover, a frankincense nutraceutical inhibited tumor growth and induced apoptosis in vivo in breast cancer xenografts grown on the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). Among eight different boswellic and lupeolic acids tested, β-ABA exhibited the highest cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 with an IC50 = 5.9 µM, inhibited growth of cancer xenografts in vivo, and released proinflammatory cytokines. Its content in nutraceuticals correlated strongly with TNF-, IL-6, and IL-8 release inhibition.

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18

Franco-Trepat, E., A. Lois-Iglesias, A. Alonso-Pérez, M. Guillán-Fresco, M. López-Fagúndez, J. P. Cerón-Carrasco, A. Pazos-Pérez, et al. "AB0030 BETA BOSWELLIC ACID BLOCKS INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSES IN MULTIPLE OA JOINT CELLS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 1048.1–1048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.1889.

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Background:Osteoarthritis (OA) incidence has skyrocketed in the last decade and yet a definitive treatment has still to be found. This worldwide disease is depriving our society from their life quality and has become a grave economic burden. Research on anti-inflammatory tools has been done on traditional Asian medicine. Boswellic acid is a plant-derived molecule from the Boswellia species that has shown to prevent cartilage loss in an OA mouse model[1]. However, the specific mechanism of action is still unclear. The activation of innate immune receptors, such Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) has been involved in chondrocyte-mediated inflammatory responses and OA development. Although, boswellic acid has shown an inhibitory effect on TLR4-mediated inflammatory responses little is known about its role on TLR4-mediated chondrocyte inflammatory and catabolic responses.Objectives:Determine the ability of beta boswellic acid (BBA) to block TLR4-mediated innate immune responses in chondrocytes and synoviocytes.Methods:In silicoThe binding affinity of beta boswellic acid (BBA) to TLR4 complex signalling was determined by optimized docking algorithm in the BIO-HPC Research Group facilities.In vitroCellular proteome and secretome profiling (LC-MALDI/TOFF) was used to study inflammatory pathways induced by the agonist of TLR4 (LPS [100ng/ml]) and IL1R (IL1β [0.1ng/ml]). The effect of BBA on TLR4-mediated innate immune responses was determined by RT-PCR, Western Blot and ELISA in primary human OA chondrocytes (hOC), murine ATDC5 chondrocytes, human synoviocytes (SW982) and primary human osteoblasts (hOB). Cell viability was tested using the methyl-thiazolyl-tetrazolium (MTT) reagent. Nitric oxide production in cell culture media was assessed by Griess reaction. Green Malachite Assay was used to semi-quantify the whole phosphoproteome.EthicsThis study was approved by the CEIC (CAEIG 2014/310).Results:Cellular proteome and secretome profiling validated the activation of TLR4 and IL1R signalling by LPS and IL1β ligands and revealed an enrichment in innate immune responses (NF-Kβ, NLRP3, MMPs, Interleukins, etc).Non-toxic doses of BBA [0.5-1000nM] prevented the activation of TLR4 in multiple articular joint cells and inhibited TLR4 & IL1R-dependant innate immune responses at the mRNA and protein level such as inflammatory factors IL6, NOS2, COX2, LCN2, MMP1, -3, -9, -13 and ADAMTS4, among others. Furthermore, NF-Kβ/IKBα and NLRP3/PYCARD/IL1β axis were also severely inhibited after BBA treatment. Moreover, these results were validated by in silico docking analysis that showed BBA interacted with TLR4/NF-Kβ.Conclusion:We prove that BBA inhibit TLR4 & IL1R -dependent innate immune responses in multiple human joint cells (Figure 1). We show that NF-Kβ & NLRP3 signalling, both associated to OA, are blocked (mRNA and protein) after BBA treatment (Figure 1).Our data support previous studies showing the prevention of cartilage loss in an OA animal models by BBA might come from its ability to inhibit TLR4 signalling. In the clinical practice of rheumatologists, Boswellia Serrata could be a useful nutraceutical to manage OA inflammation due to its content in BBA.Figure 1.References:[1]Wang, Q.; Pan, X.; Wong, H.H.; Wagner, C.A.; Lahey, L.J.; Robinson, W.H.; Sokolove, J. Oral and topical boswellic acid attenuates mouse osteoarthritis. Osteoarthr. Cartil.2014, 22, 128–132, doi:10.1016/j.joca.2013.10.012.Acknowledgements:Eloi Franco-Trepat and Ana Lois-Iglesias contributed equally to this work.This research has been funded by the non-profit FER (Fundación Española de Reumatologia /Spanish Foundation of Rheumatology) through the project “Búsqueda de nuevos fármacos bloqueantes de la inflamación asociada a TLR4 en condrocitos humanos artrósicos”.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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Al-Harrasi, Ahmed, Liaqat Ali, Najeeb Ur Rehman, Javid Hussain, Hidayat Hussain, Ahmed Al-Rawahi, and Tania Shamim Rizvi. "ChemInform Abstract: 11α-Ethoxy-β-boswellic Acid (I) and Nizwanone (II), a New Boswellic Acid Derivative and a New Triterpene, Respectively, from Boswellia sacra." ChemInform 45, no. 1 (December 12, 2013): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201401219.

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Knaus, U., and H. Wagner. "Effects of boswellic acid of Boswellia serrata and other triterpenic acids on the complement system." Phytomedicine 3, no. 1 (May 1996): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0944-7113(96)80016-x.

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Roy, Nand Kishor, Dey Parama, Kishore Banik, Devivasha Bordoloi, Amrita Khwairakpam Devi, Krishan Kumar Thakur, Ganesan Padmavathi, et al. "An Update on Pharmacological Potential of Boswellic Acids against Chronic Diseases." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 17 (August 22, 2019): 4101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20174101.

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Natural compounds, in recent years, have attracted significant attention for their use in the prevention and treatment of diverse chronic diseases as they are devoid of major toxicities. Boswellic acid (BA), a series of pentacyclic triterpene molecules, is isolated from the gum resin of Boswellia serrata and Boswellia carteri. It proved to be one such agent that has exhibited efficacy against various chronic diseases like arthritis, diabetes, asthma, cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s, etc. The molecular targets attributed to its wide range of biological activities include transcription factors, kinases, enzymes, receptors, growth factors, etc. The present review is an attempt to demonstrate the diverse pharmacological uses of BA, along with its underlying molecular mechanism of action against different ailments. Further, this review also discusses the roadblocks associated with the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of this promising compound and strategies to overcome those limitations for developing it as an effective drug for the clinical management of chronic diseases.

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Morsy, Mohamed A., Snehal S. Patel, Azza A. K. El-Sheikh, Jignasa K. Savjani, Anroop B. Nair, Jigar N. Shah, and Katharigatta N. Venugopala. "Computational and Biological Comparisons of Plant Steroids as Modulators of Inflammation through Interacting with Glucocorticoid Receptor." Mediators of Inflammation 2019 (May 27, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3041438.

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Despite the usefulness of glucocorticoids, they may cause hazardous side effects that limit their use. Searching for compounds that are as equally efficient as glucocorticoids, but with less side effects, the current study compared plant steroids, namely, glycyrrhetinic acid, guggulsterone, boswellic acid, withaferin A, and diosgenin with the classical glucocorticoid, fluticasone. This was approached both in silico using molecular docking against glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and in vivo in two different animal models. All tested compounds interacted with GR, but only boswellic acid and withaferin A showed docking results comparable to fluticasone, as well as similar in vivo anti-inflammatory effects, by significantly decreasing serum levels of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α in cotton pellet-induced granuloma in rats. In addition, both compounds significantly decreased the percent of change in ear weight in croton oil-induced ear edema in mice and the granuloma weight in cotton pellet-induced granuloma in rats, to levels comparable to that of fluticasone. Both boswellic acid and withaferin A had no effect on adrenal index, but only withaferin A significantly increased the thymus index. In conclusion, boswellic acid may have comparable anti-inflammatory effects to fluticasone with fewer side effects.

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Kaur, Rajbir, Sheema Khan, Renu Chib, Tandeep Kaur, Parduman Raj Sharma, Jaswant Singh, Bhahwal Ali Shah, and Subhash Chandra Taneja. "A comparative study of proapoptotic potential of cyano analogues of boswellic acid and 11-keto-boswellic acid." European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 46, no. 4 (April 2011): 1356–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.01.061.

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Zimmermann-Klemd, Amy M., Jakob K. Reinhardt, Thanasan Nilsu, Anna Morath, Chiara M. Falanga, Wolfgang W. Schamel, Roman Huber, Matthias Hamburger, and Carsten Gründemann. "Boswellia carteri extract and 3-O-acetyl-alpha-boswellic acid suppress T cell function." Fitoterapia 146 (October 2020): 104694. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104694.

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Mehta, Meenu, Saurabh Satija, and Munish Garg. "Comparison Between HPLC and HPTLC Densitometry for the Determination of 11-keto-Beta-boswellic acid and 3- acetyl-11-keto-Beta-boswellic acid from Boswellia serrata Extract." Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research 50, no. 3 (August 1, 2016): 418–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5530/ijper.50.3.15.

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Shah, Shailesh A., Ishwarsinh S. Rathod, Bhanubhai N. Suhagia, Dharmesh A. Patel, Vijay K. Parmar, Bharat K. Shah, and Vikas M. Vaishnavi. "Estimation of boswellic acids from market formulations of Boswellia serrata extract and 11-keto β-boswellic acid in human plasma by high-performance thin-layer chromatography." Journal of Chromatography B 848, no. 2 (April 2007): 232–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.10.026.

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Maksimović, Zoran. "On Frankincense (Olibanum, Boswellia spp., Burseraceae)." Arhiv za farmaciju 71, no. 1 (2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/arhfarm71-29280.

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Boswellia species (Burseraceae) are trees or shrubs whose area of distribution covers the wide geographic area between North Africa and India. After incision, their bark produces oleogum resin known as frankincense (Olibanum). In traditional medicine, frankincense is often used for medical treatment of arthritis, asthma, ulcerative colitis, coughs, sores, and wound healing. Various frankincense preparations are marketed almost exclusively as dietary supplements. Indian frankincense, or Olibanum indicum, is official in the European Pharmacopoeia. The major components of frankincense are boswellic acids, among which the most important and abundant is 3-O-acetyl-11-keto-b-boswellic acid (AKBA). AKBA is a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor with anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effects. Besides, frankincense contains essential oil, whose composition greatly depends on the biological source, as well as arabinogalactans and glycoproteins. In small clinical trials, certain benefits of various frankincense preparations have been demonstrated in cases of ulcerative colitis, bronchial asthma, mild symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome, and various disorders of osteo-muscular system. However, for collagenous colitis and Crohn's disease remission maintenance, the evidence is ambiguous or negative. AKBA-containing extract was found advantageous in patients with osteoarthritis, and to some extent with rheumatoid arthritis. Almost all the trials had serious flaws in experimental design, such as insufficient sample size and/or incomplete reporting of data. For any clinical recommendation of frankincense preparations, larger and better-designed studies are needed.

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Rajnikant, V., V. K. Gupta, V. D. Rangari, S. R. Bapat, R. B. Agarwal, and R. Gupta. "Crystallographic Analysis of Acetyl β -boswellic acid." Crystal Research and Technology 36, no. 1 (January 2001): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-4079(200101)36:1<93::aid-crat93>3.0.co;2-a.

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Mahajan, Babita, and Shreya Gupta. "Synthetic Modifications and Anti-inflammatory Potential of Acetyl β-Boswellic Acid Isolated from Boswellia serrata." Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Sciences 7, no. 12 (December 30, 2017): 1342–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.29055/jccs/553.

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Raja, Alsaba F., Furqan Ali, Inshad A. Khan, Abdul S. Shawl, Daljit S. Arora, Bhahwal A. Shah, and Subhash C. Taneja. "Antistaphylococcal and biofilm inhibitory activities of acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid from Boswellia serrata." BMC Microbiology 11, no. 1 (2011): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-11-54.

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Ji, Tengfei, Guanhua Du, and Jinhua Wang. "P12 An anti-tumor natural product boswellic acid acetate (BC-4) from Boswellia carterii Birdw." Biochemical Pharmacology 139 (September 2017): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2017.06.013.

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Börner, Friedemann, Markus Werner, Johannes Ertelt, Jürgen Meins, Mona Abdel-Tawab, and Oliver Werz. "Analysis of Boswellic Acid Contents and Related Pharmacological Activities of Frankincense-Based Remedies That Modulate Inflammation." Pharmaceuticals 14, no. 7 (July 10, 2021): 660. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph14070660.

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Extracts of frankincense, the gum resin of Boswellia species, have been extensively used in traditional folk medicine since ancient times and are still of great interest as promising anti-inflammatory remedies in Western countries. Despite their common therapeutic use and the intensive pharmacological research including studies on active ingredients, modes of action, bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, and clinical efficacy, frankincense preparations are available as nutraceuticals but have not yet approved as a drug on the market. A major issue of commercially available frankincense nutraceuticals is the striking differences in their composition and quality, especially related to the content of boswellic acids (BAs) as active ingredients, mainly due to the use of material from divergent Boswellia species but also because of different work-up and extraction procedures. Here, we assessed three frequently used frankincense-based preparations for their BA content and the interference with prominent pro-inflammatory actions and targets that have been proposed, that is, 5-lipoxygenase and leukotriene formation in human neutrophils, microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase-1, and inflammatory cytokine secretion in human blood monocytes. Our data reveal striking differences in the pharmacological efficiencies of these preparations in inflammation-related bioassays which obviously correlate with the amounts of BAs they contain. In summary, high-quality frankincense extracts display powerful anti-inflammatory effectiveness against multiple targets which can be traced back to BAs as bioactive ingredients.

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Wolfram, Ratna Kancana, Anja Barthel-Niesen, Renate Schäfer, Lucie Heller, Ahmed Al-Harrasi, and René Csuk. "β-11-Keto-boswellic acid derived amides: synthesis and cytotoxicity." Mediterranean Journal of Chemistry 6, no. 5 (October 4, 2017): 180–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.13171/mjc65/01710032249-csuk.

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The aim of this study was to prepare 11-keto-β-boswellic acid derivatives modified at C-24 and to evaluate their in vitro cytotoxicity. Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA) was isolated from frankincense and transformed into 11-keto-β-boswellic acid (KBA). Both compounds served as starting materials for the synthesis of several amides or hydrazides. The derivatives were fully characterized, and their cytotoxicity was evaluated in vitro using sulforhodamine B (SRB) assays employing two human tumor cell lines (A2780 and MCF7) as well as nonmalignant mouse fibroblasts (NIH 3T3). Nearly all of the compounds were more cytotoxic than their parent compounds. The highest cytotoxicity was observed for (3 α, 4 β) 3-acetyloxy-N-(3- aminopropyl)-11-oxo-urs-12-en-24-amide (15) and (3 α, 4 β) 3-acetyloxy-N-[4-(3-aminopropyl)piperazin-1-yl]- propyl-11-oxo-urs-12-en-24-amide (16) and the ovarian carcinoma cell line A2780. These compounds showed EC50 = 1.0-1.7 µM while being significantly less toxic for the mouse fibroblasts NIH 3T3 (EC50 = 9.3-16.3µM). Thus, compounds 15 and 16 have good antitumor effects and may serve as starting points for developing potential and selective antitumor agents

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Al-Harrasi, Ahmed, Liaqat Ali, Najeeb Ur Rehman, Javid Hussain, Hidayat Hussain, Ahmed Al-Rawahi, and Tania Shamim Rizvi. "11α-Ethoxy-β-boswellic Acid and Nizwanone, a New Boswellic Acid Derivative and a New Triterpene, Respectively, fromBoswellia sacra." Chemistry & Biodiversity 10, no. 8 (August 2013): 1501–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.201200231.

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Zhang, Yao, and Rui-Dong Duan. "Boswellic acid inhibits expression of acid sphingomyelinase in intestinal cells." Lipids in Health and Disease 8, no. 1 (2009): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1476-511x-8-51.

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El-Mancy, Shereen S., Alaadin E. El-Haddad, Walaa A. Alshareef, Amr M. Saadeldeen, Soad Z. El-Emam, and Osama S. Elnahas. "Enhancement of Antimicrobial and Antiproliferative Activities of Standardized Frankincense Extract Using Optimized Self-Nanoemulsifying Delivery System." Scientia Pharmaceutica 89, no. 3 (August 2, 2021): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/scipharm89030036.

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Boswellic acids (BAs) are the main bioactive compounds of frankincense, a natural resin obtained from the genus Boswellia. This study aimed to develop a self-nanoemulsifying delivery system (SNEDS) to improve the antimicrobial and antiproliferative activities of standardized frankincense extract (Fr-extract). Fr-extract was standardized, and BA content was quantified using the developed HPLC-UV method. Screening studies of excipients followed by formula optimization using a mixture simplex lattice design was employed. The optimized Fr-SENDS formulation was characterized. Furthermore, microbiological and antiproliferative assessments of the standardized Fr-extract and Fr-SNEDS were evaluated. Quantification demonstrated that the major constituent is 11-keto-boswellic acid (KBA) (16.25%) among BA content (44.96%). The optimized Fr-SENDS (composed of 5% CapryolTM 90, 48.7% Gelucire® 44/14 and 46.3% ethanol) showed spherical nanosized dispersions with DS, PDI, and zeta potential of 17.9 nm, 0.2, and −14.5 mV, respectively. Fr-SNEDS exhibited lower MIC and MBC values compared with Fr-extract against pathogens conjugated with lung cancer and was comparable to reference antimicrobials. Fr-SNEDS showed superior antiproliferative activity over Fr-extract, with IC50 values of 20.49 and 109.5 μg mL−1, respectively. In conclusion, the optimized Fr-SNEDS could be easily developed and manufactured at a low cost and the in vitro results support its use as a potential adjuvant oral therapy for lung cancer. Further in vivo studies could be continued to assess the therapeutic efficiency of the prepared system.

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Wang, Q., X. Pan, H. H. Wong, C. A. Wagner, L. J. Lahey, W. H. Robinson, and J. Sokolove. "Oral and topical boswellic acid attenuates mouse osteoarthritis." Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 22, no. 1 (January 2014): 128–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2013.10.012.

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Fan, Peihong, Tao Li, Yaqing Ye, Qian Luo, Huiqing Yuan, and Hongxiang Lou. "Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of boswellic acid analogues." Phytochemistry Letters 18 (December 2016): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytol.2016.09.009.

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SCHNEIDER, HANNAH, and MICHAEL WELLER. "Boswellic acid activity against glioblastoma stem-like cells." Oncology Letters 11, no. 6 (May 4, 2016): 4187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.4516.

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Sharma, S., V. Thawani, L. Hingorani, M. Shrivastava, V. R. Bhate, and R. Khiyani. "Pharmacokinetic study of 11-Keto β-Boswellic Acid." Phytomedicine 11, no. 2-3 (January 2004): 255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1078/0944-7113-00290.

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Zhang, Pan-Yang, Bin Yu, Wei-Jie Men, Ru-Yu Bai, Meng-Ying Chen, Zhao-Xin Wang, Tao Zeng, and Kun Zhou. "Acetyl-α-boswellic acid and Acetyl-β-boswellic acid protects against caerulein-induced pancreatitis via down-regulating MAPKs in mice." International Immunopharmacology 86 (September 2020): 106682. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106682.

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42

Greve, Hippolyt, Marcel Kaiser, Reto Brun, and Thomas Schmidt. "Terpenoids from the Oleo-Gum-Resin of Boswellia serrata and Their Antiplasmodial Effects In Vitro." Planta Medica 83, no. 14/15 (July 24, 2017): 1214–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-116943.

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AbstractIn the course of our ongoing search for new natural products as leads against protozoal diseases, the dichloromethane extract of Indian frankincense, the oleo-gum-resin obtained from Boswellia serrata, showed in vitro activity against Plasmodium falciparum. Bioactivity-guided fractionation led to the isolation of eight diterpenes: (1S,3E,7E,11R)-verticilla-3,7,12(18)-triene (1), cembrene A (2), serratol (3), 1S,3E,7R,8R,11E-7,8-epoxy-cembra-3,11-dien-1-ol (4), incensole oxide (5), rel (1S,3R,7E,11S,12R)-1,12-epoxy-4-methylenecembr-7-ene-3, 11-diol (6), isoincensole oxide (7), and isodecaryiol (8). Furthermore, 10 triterpenes, namely, oleanolic acid (9), 11-keto-β-boswellic acid (10), 3-epi-neoilexonol (11), uvaol (12), β-boswellic aldehyde (13), 5α-tirucalla-8,24-dien-3α-ol (14), isoflindissone lactone (15), isoflindissol lactone (16), rel (8R,9S,20R)-tirucall-24-ene-3β,20-diol (17), and rel (3α,8R, 9S,20R,24S)-20,24-epoxytirucalla-3,25-diol (18) as well as the sesquiterpene β-bourbonene (19), the monoterpene carvacrol (20) and the phenyl propanoids methyleugenol (21), and p-methoxycinnamaldehyde (22) were isolated. All compounds were identified by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic measurements. Compounds 6, 11, and 16–18 are described for the first time. Compounds 13 – 15 are isolated as natural products for the first time, compound 8 for the first time from a plant. Antiplasmodial IC50 values and cytotoxicity against L6 rat skeletal myoblasts were determined. Isoflindissone lactone (15) was the most active compound with an IC50 of 2.2 µM against P. falciparum and a selectivity index of 18.

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Avula, Satya Kumar, Najeeb Ur Rehman, Majid Khan, Sobia Ahsan Halim, Ajmal Khan, Kashif Rafiq, René Csuk, Biswanath Das, and Ahmed Al-Harrasi. "New synthetic 1H-1,2,3-triazole derivatives of 3-O-acetyl-β-boswellic acid and 3-O-acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid from Boswellia sacra inhibit carbonic anhydrase II in vitro." Medicinal Chemistry Research 30, no. 6 (March 31, 2021): 1185–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00044-021-02723-8.

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Hairfield, E. M., H. H. Hairfield, and H. M. McNair. "GC, GC/MS, and TLC of -Boswellic Acid and O-Acetyl- -Boswellic Acid from B. serrate, B. carteii, and B. papyrifera." Journal of Chromatographic Science 27, no. 3 (March 1, 1989): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/27.3.127.

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Shenvi, Suvarna, and G. Chandrasekara Reddy. "Reagent optimization for allylic oxidation of 3-O-acetyl-β-boswellic acid into 3-O-acetyl-11-oxo-β-boswellic acid." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 48, no. 6 (January 2013): 1008–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-013-0451-1.

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46

Mehta, Meenu, Munish Garg, Kamal Dua, and Saurabh Satija. "Simultaneous HPTLC Densitometric Estimation of KBA and AKBA from Boswellia serrata." Current Analytical Chemistry 15, no. 1 (December 5, 2018): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573411014666180704123521.

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Background: Boswellic acids (BAs) are extracted from oleo gum of Boswellia serrata and are utilized as potential anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, immunomodulatory and antitumor specialists. The present examination was meant to assess KBA and AKBA in Boswellia serrata separate by High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC). Methods: The separation of bioactive compounds was performed utilizing mobile phase glacial acetic acid, n-hexane, ethyl acetate and toluene (0.3: 1: 8: 2) (v/v/v/v) and distinguished at wavelength 254 nm. The technique was approved for linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), and so forth by International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. Results: The calibration range was observed to be 2- 14 μg/band for both the bioactive compounds. KBA was isolated with an Rf estimation of 0.39 ± 0.02 and AKBA with an Rf estimation of 0.42 ± 0.02. The accuracy was seen to be as high as 99.17% and 97.42 for KBA and KBA, respectively. The percentage RSD value for intra-day and between day varieties was under 2%. The system indicated high affectability and specificity. Conclusion: The developed HPTLC method was simple, precise, robust, specific, rapid, and costeffective and could be used for quality control analysis and quantification of KBA and AKBA in different herbal formulations containing the plant species.

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Mehta, Meenu, Harish Dureja, and Munish Garg. "Development and optimization of boswellic acid-loaded proniosomal gel." Drug Delivery 23, no. 8 (March 8, 2016): 3072–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10717544.2016.1149744.

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Kaunzinger, Astrid, Alwin Baumeister, Klaus Cuda, Norbert Häring, Barbara Schug, Henning H. Blume, Klaus Raddatz, Gerhard Fischer, and Manfred Schubert-Zsilavecz. "Determination of 11-keto-boswellic acid in human plasma." Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 28, no. 3-4 (May 2002): 729–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0731-7085(01)00674-4.

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Ganguly, Kuntal, N. V. Jagadeesh, Rakesh Singh, B. S. Thippeswami, Ashok D. Taranalli, and Anandrao R. Kulkarni. "Boswellic acid suppresses cyclophosphamide induced chromosomal damage in mice." Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine 11, no. 3 (July 27, 2011): 177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13596-011-0023-5.

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Vuddanda, Parameswara Rao, Sanjay Singh, and Sitaram Velaga. "Boswellic acid – Medicinal use of an ancient herbal remedy." Journal of Herbal Medicine 6, no. 4 (December 2016): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hermed.2016.08.002.

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