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Journal articles on the topic 'Boswellia Serrata Extract'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 19 February 2022

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1

Bertocchi, Martina, Gloria Isani, Federica Medici, Giulia Andreani, Irvin Tubon Usca, Paola Roncada, Monica Forni, and Chiara Bernardini. "Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Boswellia serrata Extracts: An In Vitro Study on Porcine Aortic Endothelial Cells." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2018 (June 25, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2504305.

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This study is aimed at investigating the cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory, and angiogenic activities of two Boswellia serrata extracts on primary culture of porcine aortic endothelial cells (pAECs). Chemical characterization of a dry extract (extract A) and a hydroenzymatic extract (extract G) of B. serrata was performed by HPLC using pure boswellic acids (BAs) as standard. In cultured pAECs, extract G improved cell viability, following LPS challenge, in a dose-dependent manner and did not show any toxic effect. On the other hand, extract A was toxic at higher doses and restored pAEC viability after LPS challenge only at lower doses. Pure BAs, used at the same concentrations as those determined in the phytoextracts, did not contrast LPS-induced cytotoxicity. Extract A showed proangiogenic properties at the lowest dose, and the same result was observed using pure AKBA at the corresponding concentration, whereas extract G did not show any effect on the migration capacity of endothelial cells. In conclusion, an anti-inflammatory activity of B. serrata extracts on endothelial cells was reported, though cytotoxicity or proliferative stimulation can occur instead of a protective effect, depending on the dose and the formulation.

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Kulkarni, Preeti D., Neena D. Damle, Lal Hingorani, Vaidhun H. Bhaskar, Minal R. Ghante, Anand Patil, Murari Gurjar, and Vikram Gota. "Pharmacokinetics of solid lipid Boswellia serrata particles in healthy subjects." Drug Metabolism and Personalized Therapy 36, no. 3 (April 5, 2021): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/dmpt-2020-0176.

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Abstract Objectives The anti-inflammatory activity of Boswellia serrata extracts (BSE) is well known. BSE comprises boswellic acids (BA) such as 3-O-acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid (AKBA) and 11-keto-boswellic acid (KBA) as major constituents. One of the limitations of BAs is their poor oral bioavailability. The aim of the study was to prepare solid lipid particles of Boswellia serrata extract (SLBSP) to enhance the bioavailability of BAs. Methods The pharmacokinetic profile of BAs was studied in 10 healthy human volunteers following a single oral dose of 333 mg of SLBSP. Pharmacokinetic blood samples were collected at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 12 h post drug administration. Plasma KBA and AKBA levels were measured using a validated LC-MS/MS method. Pharmacokinetics parameters were estimated using Pheonix WinNonlin (Build 6.4.0.768) software. Results Ten healthy human volunteers were included and peak plasma concentration was achieved in 1.5 and 2.3 h for AKBA and KBA respectively. Maximum plasma concentration (C max) was 8.04 ± 1.67 ng/mL for AKBA and 23.83 ± 4.41 ng/mL for KBA whereas the corresponding area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) was 136.7 ± 56.77 ng/mL*h and 165.7 ± 24.5 ng/mL*h respectively. The elimination half-life (t 1/2) of AKBA and KBA was 6.8 ± 3.0 h and 2.45 ± 0.3 h respectively. Conclusions The SLBSP formulation of BSE showed enhanced oral bioavailability of BAs compared with historically reported data of unformulated BSE.

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Greve, Hippolyt L., Marcel Kaiser, Pascal Mäser, and Thomas J. Schmidt. "Boswellic Acids Show In Vitro Activity against Leishmania donovani." Molecules 26, no. 12 (June 15, 2021): 3651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26123651.

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In continuation of our search for leads from medicinal plants against protozoal pathogens, we detected antileishmanial activity in polar fractions of a dichloromethane extract from Boswellia serrata resin. 11-keto-β-boswellic acid (KBA) could be isolated from these fractions and was tested in vitro against Leishmania donovani axenic amastigotes along with five further boswellic acid derivatives. 3-O-acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA) showed the strongest activity with an IC50 value of 0.88 µM against axenic amastigotes but was inactive against intracellular amastigotes in murine macrophages

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4

Pinzon, Rizaldy Taslim, and Jessica Herwanto. "Pengaruh Pemberian Terapi Tambahan Curcuma longa dan Boswellia serrata pada NSAID Terhadap Aktivitas Fungsional pada Pasien Osteoarthritis." Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia 17, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/pharmacon.v17i2.11738.

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Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic disease that causes joint pain, stiffness, and swelling. The knee is the most affected joint in osteoarthritis. A common therapy that often used for osteoarthritis patients is NSAIDs, but previous study showed that satisfactory pain control cannot be achieved with NSAIDs alone so that additional analgesic therapy is needed. Some previous studies showed the extracts of Curcuma longa and Boswellia serrata were promising in reducing pain and do not cause serious side effects in osteoarthritis patients. Obejctive: to measure the effect of additional therapy Curcuma longa and Boswellia serrata to NSAIDs on functional activities in knee osteoarthritis patients. Methods: The type of this research is cross-sectional involving 71 patients. This study uses secondary data taken from previous RCT studies by completing questionnaires to determine the WOMAC score of osteoarthritis patients at Bethesda Hospital and Panti Rapih Hospital in Yogyakarta. The treatment used were CB extract (350 mg Curcuma longa and 150 mg Boswellia serrata) and NSAIDs (400 mg Ibuprofen or 50 mg sodium diclofenac). Data were analyzed statistically using the licensed SPSS program with the Wilcoxon test and the Mann-Whitney test. Results: The reduction of WOMAC scores was superior in the NSAIDs group with Curcuma longa and Boswellia serrata after being given therapy for 4 weeks but not significant (p=0.372). Conclusion: The giving of additional therapy Curcuma longa and Boswellia serrata to NSAIDs had the same effect as NSAIDs in increasing functional activities in osteoarthritis patients.

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5

Siemoneit, Ulf, Lars Tausch, Daniel Poeckel, Michael Paul, Hinnak Northoff, Andreas Koeberle, Johann Jauch, and Oliver Werz. "Defined Structure-Activity Relationships of Boswellic Acids Determine Modulation of Ca2+ Mobilization and Aggregation of Human Platelets by Boswellia serrata Extracts." Planta Medica 83, no. 12/13 (April 12, 2017): 1020–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-107884.

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AbstractBoswellic acids constitute a group of unique pentacyclic triterpene acids from Boswellia serrata with multiple pharmacological activities that confer them anti-inflammatory and anti-tumoral properties. A subgroup of boswellic acids, characterized by an 11-keto group, elevates intracellular Ca2+ concentrations [Ca2+]i and causes moderate aggregation of human platelets. How different BAs and their mixtures in pharmacological preparations affect these parameters in activated platelets has not been addressed, so far. Here, we show that boswellic acids either antagonize or induce Ca2+ mobilization and platelet aggregation depending on defined structural determinants with inductive effects predominating for a B. serrata gum resin extract. 3-O-Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid potently suppressed Ca2+ mobilization (IC50 = 6 µM) and aggregation (IC50 = 1 µM) when platelets were activated by collagen or the thromboxane A2 receptor agonist U-46619, but not upon thrombin. In contrast, β-boswellic acid and 3-O-acetyl-β-boswellic acid, which lack the 11-keto moiety, were weak inhibitors of agonist-induced platelet responses, but instead they elicited elevation of [Ca2+]i and aggregation of platelets (≥ 3 µM). 11-Keto-β-boswellic acid, the structural intermediate between 3-O-acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid and β-boswellic acid, was essentially inactive independent of the experimental conditions. Together, our study unravels the complex agonizing and antagonizing properties of boswellic acids on human platelets in pharmacologically relevant preparations of B. serrata gum extracts and prompts for careful evaluation of the safety of such extracts as herbal medicine in cardiovascular risk patients.

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6

Lhotta, Karl, Hannelore Sprenger-Mähr, and Emanuel Zitt. "Boswellia serrata extract ingestion and glomerular filtration rate." Clinical Nephrology 93, no. 3 (March 1, 2020): 158–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5414/cn110054.

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7

Pengzong, Zhang, Li Yuanmin, Xiong Xiaoming, Deng Shang, Xiong Wei, Lang Zhigang, Du Dongzhou, et al. "Wound Healing Potential of the Standardized Extract of Boswellia serrata on Experimental Diabetic Foot Ulcer via Inhibition of Inflammatory, Angiogenetic and Apoptotic Markers." Planta Medica 85, no. 08 (March 25, 2019): 657–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0881-3000.

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AbstractThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the wound healing potential and possible mechanism of action of the standardized extract of Boswellia serrata against the experimental model of diabetic foot ulcer. α-Boswellic acid was isolated from the standardized extract of B. serrata and characterized (HPLC, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, ESI-MS). Diabetes was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by streptozotocin (55 mg/kg, i. p.), and wounds were created on the dorsal surface of the hind paw. B. serrata (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, p. o.) was administered to the rats for 16 days. The HPLC analysis showed a single peak with a retention time of 12.51 min. The compound was identified with ESI-MS [M + Na]+ = 455.37 as α-boswellic acid. Treatment with B. serrata (200 and 400 mg/kg) significantly increased the rate of wound contraction via modulation of oxido-nitrosative stress and elevated the hydroxyproline level at the wound area. reverse transcription-PCR analysis revealed that streptozotocin-induced increases in TNF-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, nuclear factor-kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, and Bcl-2-associated X protein, and decreases in angiopoietin-1, Tie2, transforming growth factor beta 1, vascular endothelial growth factor, and collagen-1 mRNA expression were significantly inhibited by B. serrata. It also significantly reduced wound cellular necrosis as evaluated by flow cytometry using propidium iodide fluorescence intensity. Streptozotocin-induced histopathological alterations were also significantly ameliorated by B. serrata. In conclusion, standardized extracts of B. serrata exert its wound healing potential via orchestrating mechanisms, which include the inhibition of oxido-inflammatory markers (oxido-nitrosative stress, TNF-α, interleukins, and nuclear factor-kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells), increased collagen synthesis (hydroxyproline and collagen-1) and angiogenesis (Ang-1/Tie2), promoting growth factors (transforming growth factor beta 1 and vascular endothelial growth factor), and inhibition of apoptosis (Bcl-2-associated X protein) to accelerate wound healing in experimental delayed diabetic foot ulcer.

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8

Sethi, V., K. Siddiqui, and M. Garg. "AB0595 CURCUMA LONGA AND BOSWELLIA SERRATA FOR OSTEOARTHRITIS PAIN MANAGEMENT: A LITERATURE REVIEW OF SPECIFIC FORMULATED EXTRACTS FOR COMBINATION." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 1334.2–1335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.2247.

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Background:The need for safe, effective pain management for osteoarthritis (OA) is important as the number of australian people with OA is expected to grow by 30% from year 2015 to year 2030. Extracts from Boswellia serrata and Curcuma longa are described to have anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Clinical studies have also reported efficacy for improving joint pain and stiffness and tolerability. A combination of Boswellia serrata and Curcuma longa formulated extracts might provide benefits in OA pain management.Objectives:To review the literature describing the efficacy, safety and bioavailability of a formulated Boswellia serrata extract enriched with boswellic acids and a Curcuma longa extract formulated with piperine for OA pain management.Methods:PubMed searches for studies reporting efficacy, safety, and/or bioavailability data for Boswellia and Curcumin formulations were conducted on 4 December 2020 with no publication date limitations.Results:For the enriched Boswellia formulation, two clinical studies in OA assessing efficacy and one preclinical bioavailability study were identified1,2,3. For the curcumin formulation, 2 clinical studies were identified4,5. Two double-blind, randomized, parallel, placebo-controlled studies (each N=60) demonstrated significant improvement in Western Ontario and McMaster Universities OA index (WOMAC) pain and stiffness subscale scores in patients with knee OA receiving the enriched Boswellia formulation (100mg/d): In the first study1, a 30-day treatment with enriched Boswellia, compared with placebo, significantly reduced WOMAC pain (−23.6; placebo, −5.6; P<0.0001) and stiffness (−18.8; placebo, −3.4; P=0.0014) scores. Improvement in pain visual analog scale (VAS) score was significant versus placebo at day 5 (P<0.05). In the second study2, A 90-day treatment with enriched Boswellia also significantly improved WOMAC pain (−31.1; placebo, −8.4; P<0.0001) and stiffness (−27.7; placebo, −9.9; P<0.0001) scores versus placebo; Of note, a significant reduction in pain score and functional ability was observed as early as day 7. For the curcumin/piperine formulation, piperine was added to increase the bioavailability of curcumin in humans as established in a comparative bioavailability and pharmacokinetic study4. The results obtained in his study demonstrates that piperine enhances the oral bioavailability of curcumin without side effects. Curcumin/piperine monotherapy (350-400mg curcumin TID) was also shown to significantly reduce WOMAC, VAS and Lequesne’s pain functional index (LPFI) compared to placebo in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled parallel-group study (N=40)5. In a sub-study that measured inflammatory biomarkers (N=40), there is no significant difference in the magnitude of changes in the inflammatory biomarkers (IL-4, IL-6, hs-CRP, TNF-α, TGF-β and mean ESR between the curcuminoid treatment group and the placebo group (p>0.05)6.Conclusion:Enriched boswellic acid and curcumin/piperine formulations demonstrate efficacy and safety for suitable treatment option: both ingredients, often cited as natural alternatives to address OA pain and stiffness could be evaluated to explore the potential benefit as a formulated combination.References:[1]Vishal et al. Int. J. Med. Sci. 2011, 8[2]Sengupta et al. Int. J. Med. Sci. 2010, 7[3]Sengupta et al. Mol Cell Biochem. 2011, 354:189-197.[4]Shoba et al. Planta Med. 1998 May;64(4):353-6[5]Panahi et al. Phytother. Res. 28: 1625–1631 (2014).[6]Rahimnia A-R et al. Drug Res 2015; 65: 521–525.Disclosure of Interests:Vidhu Sethi Employee of: Employee of GSK Consumer Healthcare, Kamran Siddiqui Employee of: Employee of GSK Consumer Healthcare, Manohar Garg: None declared.

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Chevrier, Marc R., Abigail E. Ryan, David Y. W. Lee, Ma Zhongze, Zhang Wu-Yan, and Charles S. Via. "Boswellia carterii Extract Inhibits TH1 Cytokines and Promotes TH2 Cytokines In Vitro." Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 12, no. 5 (May 2005): 575–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.12.5.575-580.2005.

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ABSTRACT Traditional herbal formulas used to treat inflammatory arthritis in China and India include Boswellia carterii or Boswellia serrata. They both contain boswellic acids (BAs) which have been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic properties. This study tests the hypothesis that mixtures of BAs derived from B. carterii have immunomodulatory properties. B. carterii plant resin obtained from China was prepared as an ethanol extract, and the presence of seven BAs was confirmed by column chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, and UV laser desorption/ionization tandem mass spectroscopy. The extract was then tested for its ability to alter in vitro production of TH1 cytokines (interleukin-2 [IL-2] and gamma interferon) and TH2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) by murine splenocytes. Delivery of the resin extract using ethanol as a solvent resulted in significant cellular toxicity not seen with the addition of ethanol alone. By contrast, delivery of the resin extract using a sesame oil solvent resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of TH1 cytokines coupled with a dose-dependent potentiation of TH2 cytokines. These results indicate that a purified mixture of BAs from B. carterii plant resin exhibits carrier-dependent immunomodulatory properties in vitro.

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Dydykina, I. S., P. S. Kovalenko, and L. V. Menshikova. "Clinical efficacy of dietary supplement Cartilox in osteoarthritis." Rheumatology Science and Practice 59, no. 4 (September 6, 2021): 450–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.47360/1995-4484-2021-450-454.

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The paper discusses the results and substantiates the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy for osteoarthritis of the knee joints using a dietary supplement Cartilox, which includes five active substances (type II collagen peptide, Boswellia serrata extract, curcuminoids, piperine and hyaluronic acid).

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11

Magesh, V., D. Raman, and KT Pudupalayam. "Genotoxicity studies of dry extract of Boswellia serrata." Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 7, no. 4 (December 11, 2008): 1129. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v7i4.14698.

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12

Alluri, Venkata Krishnaraju, Sundararaju Dodda, Eswar Kumar Kilari, Trimurtulu Golakoti, and Krishanu Sengupta. "Toxicological Assessment of a Standardized Boswellia serrata Gum Resin Extract." International Journal of Toxicology 38, no. 5 (June 24, 2019): 423–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091581819858069.

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The acidic and non-acidic fractions of Boswellia serrata gum resin extracts were combined to prepare a unique product, LI13019F1 (Serratrin). The present series of studies evaluated LI13019F1 for acute and subchronic (28-day) toxicity in Wistar rats and acute dermal and eye irritation in New Zealand white rabbits. The mutagenicity and clastogenicity of LI13019F1 were evaluated in bacteria and mouse bone marrow erythrocytes, respectively. All studies were performed following the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development guidelines. Acute oral and acute dermal toxicity studies did not show mortality or signs of toxicity in Wistar rats at a limit dose of 2,000 mg/kg LI13019F1. LI13019F1 did not cause irritation to the skin or the eyes of New Zealand white rabbits. In a repeated dose 28-day oral toxicity study, LI13019F1-treated Wistar rats did not show dose-related signs of toxicity on their body weights, organ weights, and on the hematology and clinical chemistry parameters. The estimated no observed adverse effect level for LI13019F1 was 1,000 mg/kg/day in both male and female rats. The bacterial reverse mutation test and a micronucleus assay in mouse bone marrow erythrocytes revealed that LI13019F1 was neither mutagenic nor clastogenic. Together, the present observations demonstrate a broad-spectrum safety of LI13019F1.

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13

Suva, ManojA, DharmeshB Kheni, and VarunP Sureja. "Management strategies for knee osteoarthritis: Aflapin® (Boswellia serrata extract)." AYU (An international quarterly journal of research in Ayurveda) 38, no. 1 (2017): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ayu.ayu_203_17.

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14

Majeed, Muhammed, Sankaran Natarajan, Sarang Bani, Anjali Pandey, and Prakriti Neupane. "Mutagenic, Genotoxic and Sub Chronic Oral Safety Analysis of Boswellia Serrata Extract (Boswellin® Super)." International Journal of Research Studies in Medical and Health Sciences 5, no. 7 (2020): 20–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22259/ijrsmhs.0507005.

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15

S. Sonje, S., D. N. Raut, S. R. Chaudhari, and M. J. Chavan. "Effect of Boswellia serrata Extract Microcapsule Against Ulcerative Colitis in Mice." Natural Products Journal 6, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 305–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210315506666160819154627.

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16

Acebo, Elvira, Juan Antonio Raton, Saioa Sautua, Xabier Eizaguirre, Izaskun Trebol, and Jose Luis Diaz Perez. "Allergic contact dermatitis from Boswellia serrata extract in a naturopathic cream." Contact Dermatitis 51, no. 2 (August 2004): 91–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0105-1873.2004.0396d.x.

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17

Bahrami, Maryam, Ghasem Mosayebi, Ali Ghazavi, and Ali Ganji. "Immunomodulation in Multiple Sclerosis by Phytotherapy." Current Immunology Reviews 16, no. 1 (December 22, 2020): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573395516999200930122850.

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Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory and demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) that can cause cognition, mobility, and sensory impairments. Studies have shown that the immune system through inflammation and autoreactive T cells are involved in the progression of MS. The present article aimed to review the potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory agents that could modulate the immune response in MS. In herbal medicine, various medicinal plants including Olive, Silybum marianum, Grape, Pomegranate peel extract, Nigella sativa, Turmeric, Green tea, Aloysia citrodora, Boswellia papyrifera, Boswellia serrata, Ruta graveolens, and Andrographis paniculata are known with therapeutic benefits in MS patients through immunoregulation and reduction of major symptoms.

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Totan, Maria, Elisabeta Antonescu, Lavinia Duica, Corina Roman-Filip, and Sinziana Calina Silisteanu. "Study of a Standardized Plant Extract Used as an Anti-Inflammatory Drug to Reduce Joint Pain." Revista de Chimie 71, no. 7 (August 4, 2020): 513–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.20.7.8271.

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This study was to demonstrate the role of a natural anti-inflammatory, in reducing pain, inflammatory process and increasing joint mobility in elderly patients diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis off knee affect the articular cartilage, but also the articular capsule, leading to disability. This natural anti-inflammatory has a complex composition: extract de Boswellia serrata 300 mg, extract de curcuma 100 mg, extract Pinus pinaster 80 mg si extract de Zingiber officinale 40 mg. The combination of herbal products, which have no side effects, with electrotherapy and kinetotherapy can be a real success in this category of patients, also influencing their well-being.

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Singh, Sarvesh, Rajendra Kumar, Anil Kumar Saksena, Rishi Pal, Riddhi Jaiswal, and Rahul Kumar. "Immunosuppressant effect of Boswellia serrata extract on CFA induced arthritis in rats." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 7, no. 10 (September 24, 2018): 1921. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20183924.

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Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an immune-mediated arthropathy, so for the treatment disease modifying antirheumatoid drugs are required. In this study we are evaluating the immunomodulatory property of Boswellia serrata extract (BSE) as an alternative medicine.Methods: Complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA), 0.1ml was injected intradermally in the footpad of left hind paw in 36 Wistar rats to induce RA. Animals were divided into 6 groups. BSE in the doses of 45mg/kg, 90mg/kg and 180mg/kg was administered and cyclophosphamide as standard drug. Various parameters as body weight, paw thickness, ankle diameter, paw volume, arthritis index, TNF- α and histopathological changes were analyzed.Results: Marked reduction in paw thickness, ankle diameter, paw volume, arthritis index and an improved body weight was found in high dose BSE (180mg/kg) group but the effect was lesser than standard drug Cyclophosphamide.Conclusions: BSE has significant potential as an alternative medicine for treatment of autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis.

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Hewedy, Wafaa Ahmed. "Effect of Boswellia serrata on Rat Trachea Contractility In Vitro." Natural Products Journal 10, no. 1 (February 3, 2020): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210315509666190206122050.

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Background: Boswellia serrata (family Burseraceae) has been traditionally used for the treatment of a wide variety of diseases as arthritis, inflammatory bowel diseases, and airway diseases. However, the direct bronchodilator efficacy of Boswellia serrata hasn’t been explored yet. Objective: We aimed at the present study to evaluate the direct effect of Boswellia serrata extract (BSE) on isolated rat tracheal preparations precontracted with either Acetylcholine (ACh) or potassium chloride (KCl). Methods: Tracheal rings were prepared from male Wistar rats (200-250 g). BSE (1-200 μg/ml) was added to tracheal strips precontracted with either ACh or KCl and the response was observed. We also investigated the consequences of epithelial denudation, indomethacin, and N-Nitro-L-arginine on the relaxant effect of BSE as compared to that of the β-adrenoceptor agonist isoprenaline, or the bitter taste receptor (TAS2R) agonist denatonium benzoate. Finally, the possible additive effects of BSE to isoprenaline or denatonium-induced relaxation were evaluated. Results: By using a set of serial dosing and washout experiments with tracheal rings, results showed that exposure to BSE resulted into a significant and concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on airway smooth muscle contractions precontracted with either ACh or KCl. Epithelial denudation, indomethacin, or N-Nitro-L-arginine had no significant effect on the obtained relaxation. Furthermore, BSE potentiated the relaxant effect of isoprenaline on rat trachea. Conclusion: BSE exerts a direct concentration-dependent relaxant effect on precontracted tracheal strips. These results could contribute towards validation of the traditional use of BSE in the treatment of airway diseases.

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Shelke, Pallavi Sitaram, Pradnya Nilesh Jagtap, and Prajakta Rohidas Tanpure. "In-vitro anthelmintic activity of Boswellia serrata and Aloe barbadensis extracts on Pheretima posthuma: Indian earthworm." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 8, no. 5 (April 27, 2020): 1843. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20201939.

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Background: The development of anthelmintic resistance and the high cost of conventional anthelmintic drugs led to the evaluation of medicinal plants as an alternative source of anthelmintics. In the current study, in- vitro experiments were conducted to determine the possible anthelmintic effects of crude aqueous and alcoholic extracts of the resins of Boswellia serrata and leaves of Aloe barbadensis on adult Indian earthworm (Pheretima posthuma).Methods: Various concentrations (50, 100, 150 mg/ml) of each extracts were tested and results were expressed in terms of time for paralysis and time for death of worms. The activities are well compared with the standard drug Albendazole as a positive control and saline water as negative control.Results: Anthelmintic activity was observed as dose dependent manner. It was found that alcoholic extract exhibited maximum anthelmintic activity at concentration 100 and 150 mg/ml compared to standard drug Albendazole (10mg/ml) while aqueous extract show modest significant activity at concentration 150 mg/ml against worm Pheretima posthuma. All results was statistically analysed by using ‘Dunnett’s test’ one- way ANOVA; the p<0.001 were significant when compared with control and standard group.Conclusions: The present study proves the potential of combination of B. serrata and A. barbadensis as an anthelmintic drugs. Further studies are necessary to isolate and reveal the active compounds and to establish the mechanism of action.

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Greve, Hippolyt, Marcel Kaiser, Reto Brun, and Thomas Schmidt. "Terpenoids from the Oleo-Gum-Resin of Boswellia serrata and Their Antiplasmodial Effects In Vitro." Planta Medica 83, no. 14/15 (July 24, 2017): 1214–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-116943.

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AbstractIn the course of our ongoing search for new natural products as leads against protozoal diseases, the dichloromethane extract of Indian frankincense, the oleo-gum-resin obtained from Boswellia serrata, showed in vitro activity against Plasmodium falciparum. Bioactivity-guided fractionation led to the isolation of eight diterpenes: (1S,3E,7E,11R)-verticilla-3,7,12(18)-triene (1), cembrene A (2), serratol (3), 1S,3E,7R,8R,11E-7,8-epoxy-cembra-3,11-dien-1-ol (4), incensole oxide (5), rel (1S,3R,7E,11S,12R)-1,12-epoxy-4-methylenecembr-7-ene-3, 11-diol (6), isoincensole oxide (7), and isodecaryiol (8). Furthermore, 10 triterpenes, namely, oleanolic acid (9), 11-keto-β-boswellic acid (10), 3-epi-neoilexonol (11), uvaol (12), β-boswellic aldehyde (13), 5α-tirucalla-8,24-dien-3α-ol (14), isoflindissone lactone (15), isoflindissol lactone (16), rel (8R,9S,20R)-tirucall-24-ene-3β,20-diol (17), and rel (3α,8R, 9S,20R,24S)-20,24-epoxytirucalla-3,25-diol (18) as well as the sesquiterpene β-bourbonene (19), the monoterpene carvacrol (20) and the phenyl propanoids methyleugenol (21), and p-methoxycinnamaldehyde (22) were isolated. All compounds were identified by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic measurements. Compounds 6, 11, and 16–18 are described for the first time. Compounds 13 – 15 are isolated as natural products for the first time, compound 8 for the first time from a plant. Antiplasmodial IC50 values and cytotoxicity against L6 rat skeletal myoblasts were determined. Isoflindissone lactone (15) was the most active compound with an IC50 of 2.2 µM against P. falciparum and a selectivity index of 18.

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Pinzon, Rizaldy Taslim, and Vincent Ongko Wijaya. "Curcuma longa and Boswellia serrata for Improving Functional Status in Osteoarthritis Patients: From Bench to Bedside Evidences." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, no. 5 (August 11, 2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v10i5.24918.

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Background: The management of osteoarthritis (OA) represents a real challenge. Curcumin is a highly pleiotropic molecule with an excellent safety profile.Some previous studies showed the extract of Curcuma longa and Boswellia Serrata(CB extract) is a promising potential as therapeutic interventions against OA. Aims and Objective: This study aimed to measure the effectiveness and safety of CB extract for improving functional status in patients with OA. Materials and Methods: A randomized controlled trial (RCT) in OA patients. The treatment used in this trial were CB extract (350 mg of Curcuma longa and 150 mg Boswellia Serrata) and NSAID (400 mg ibuprofen or 50 mg diclofenac sodium). Subjects were randomized to 3 different group (Group 1: CB extract and NSAID; group 2: CB extract; group 3: NSAID). Each subject would be followed up 3 times: baseline (visit I), 2 weeks after baseline (visit II), and 4 weeks after baseline (visit III). The measurement of functional status with WOMAC (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthitis Index). Results: There were 105 osteoarthritis patients. Seven subjects were lost to follow up and three subjects were excluded from the study due to medication side effect. Ninety-five subjects (group 1: 36; group 2: 29, group 3: 30) remained for complete analysis. Delta (Δ) WOMAC score defined as the result of subtraction between WOMAC score at visit I and WOMAC score at visit III. Group 1 showed the greatest reduction of WOMAC score after 4 weeks of treatment (ΔWOMAC = 12.08 ± 18.6). Group 3 has the least WOMAC score reduction (ΔWOMAC = 6.9 ± 16). There was no statistically different of ΔWOMAC score between groups (p = 0.367). There were no statistically different of the prevalence of AE between groups at the visit II (p: 0.119) and at the visit III (p: 0.767). Conclusion: CB extract is effective and safe for improving functional status in OA patients.

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Umar, Sadiq, Khalid Umar, Abu Hasnath Md Golam Sarwar, Altaf Khan, Niyaz Ahmad, Sayeed Ahmad, Chandra Kant Katiyar, Syed Akhtar Husain, and Haider A. Khan. "Boswellia serrata extract attenuates inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress in collagen induced arthritis." Phytomedicine 21, no. 6 (May 2014): 847–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2014.02.001.

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Etzel, R. "Special extract of BOSWELLIA serrata (H 15) in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis." Phytomedicine 3, no. 1 (May 1996): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0944-7113(96)80019-5.

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Singh, G. B., S. Singh, and S. Bani. "Alcoholic extract of salai-guggal ex-Boswellia serrata,a new natural source NSAID." Drugs of Today 32, no. 2 (1996): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1358/dot.1996.32.2.354254.

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Alluri, Venkata Krishnaraju, Sreenath Kundimi, Krishanu Sengupta, Trimurtulu Golakoti, and Eswar Kumar Kilari. "An Anti-Inflammatory Composition of Boswellia serrata Resin Extracts Alleviates Pain and Protects Cartilage in Monoiodoacetate-Induced Osteoarthritis in Rats." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2020 (May 22, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7381625.

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The boswellic acids, the active compounds in Boswellia serrata gum resin extract, are potent anti-inflammatory agents and are specific nonredox inhibitors of 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LOX). Here, we present the anti-osteoarthritis (OA) efficacy of LI13019F1 (also known as Serratrin®), a unique composition containing the acidic and nonacidic fractions of B. serrata gum resin. This composition strongly inhibited 5-LOX activity with the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 43.35 ± 4.90 μg/mL. Also, LI13019F1 strongly inhibited the leukotriene B4 (IC50, 7.80 ± 2.40 μg/mL) and prostaglandin E2 (IC50, 6.19 ± 0.52 μg/mL) productions in human blood-derived cells. Besides, LI13019F1 reduced TNF-α production with the IC50 of 12.38 ± 0.423 μg/mL. On average, 1, 2.5, and 5 μg/mL doses of LI13019F1 protected 34.62, 47.66, and 62.29% SW1353 human chondrosarcoma cells from IL-1β induced SOX-9 depletion, respectively. Further, a 28-day preclinical proof-of-concept study evaluated the pain relief efficacy of LI13019F1 in monoiodoacetate- (MIA-) induced Sprague-Dawley rats. At the end of the study, 150 and 300 mg/kg doses of LI13019F1 supplemented rats showed significant improvements (55.17 ± 5.81 g (p<0.05), and 66.22 ± 6.30 g (p<0.05), respectively, vs. MIA: 31.22 ± 7.15 g) in body-weight-bearing capacities. Concurrently, LI13019F1-150 and LI13019F1-300 rats substantially (p<0.05) increased the threshold of pain sensitivity to pressure (26.98 ± 2.36 and 28.06 ± 2.72-gram force, respectively; vs. 18.63 ± 5.82 in MIA) and increased (p<0.05) the latent time to withdraw the paw after a thermal stimulus (23.61 ± 2.73 and 28.18 ± 1.90 sec, respectively; vs. 16.56 ± 1.22 sec. in MIA). Besides, the histological observations on Safranin-O green stained articular cartilage revealed that LI13019F1 also prevented the MIA-induced structural damage of the cartilage and reduced the loss of the extracellular matrix (ECM) components in the experimental rats. In conclusion, the present observations suggest that LI13019F1, a new composition of B. serrata gum resin extracts, reduces pain and protects articular cartilage from the damaging action of MIA in a rodent model.

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Chou, Ya-Chun, Joon Hyuk Suh, Yu Wang, Manoj Pahwa, Vladimir Badmaev, Chi-Tang Ho, and Min-Hsiung Pan. "Boswellia serrata resin extract alleviates azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colon tumorigenesis." Molecular Nutrition & Food Research 61, no. 9 (March 30, 2017): 1600984. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201600984.

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Pillai, Prathesha, Ginil Kumar Pooleri, and Shantikumar V. Nair. "Role of Testosterone Levels on the Combinatorial Effect of Boswellia serrata Extract and Enzalutamide on Androgen Dependent LNCaP Cells and in Patient Derived Cells." Integrative Cancer Therapies 20 (January 2021): 153473542199682. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1534735421996824.

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Co-therapy with herbal extracts along with current clinical drugs is being increasingly recognized as a useful complementary treatment for cancer. The anti-cancer property of the phyto-derivative acetyl-11 keto β boswellic acid (AKBA) has been studied in many cancers, including prostate cancer. However, the whole extract of the gum resin Boswellia serrata (BS) and anti-androgen enzalutamide has not been explored in prostate cancer to date. We hypothesized that the BS extract containing 30% (AKBA) with enzalutamide acted synergistically in the early phase of cancer, especially in LNCaP cells, by inhibiting androgen receptor (AR) and by reducing cell proliferation, and further, that the extract would be superior to the action of the active ingredient AKBA when used alone or in combination with enzalutamide. To test our hypothesis, we treated LNCaP cells with BS extract or AKBA and enzalutamide both individually and in combination to analyze cell viability under different levels of dihydrotestosterone (DHT). The inhibition of androgen receptor (AR) followed by the expression of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and the efflux mechanism of the cells were analyzed to determine the effect of the combination on the cellular mechanism. Cells derived from prostate cancer patients were also tested with the combination. Only 6 µM enzalutamide along with BS in the range of 4.1 µg/ml to 16.4 µg/ml gave the best synergistic results with nearly 50% cell killing even though standard enzalutamide doses were as high as 48 µM. Cell killing was most effective at intermediate DHT concentrations of approximately 1 nM, which corresponds to normal physiological serum levels of DHT. The Pgp expression level and the androgen receptor expression levels were reduced under the combination treatment; the former helping to minimize drug efflux and the latter by reducing the sensitivity to hormonal changes. Furthermore, the combination reduced the PSA level secreted by the cells. In contrast, AKBA could not achieve the needed synergism for adequate cell killing at equivalent concentrations. The combination of enzalutamide and BS extract containing 30% AKBA because of their synergistic interaction is an attractive therapeutic option for treating early stage (hormone-dependent) prostate cancer and is superior to the use of AKBA alone.

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Sengupta, Krishanu, Jayaprakash N. Kolla, Alluri V. Krishnaraju, Nandini Yalamanchili, Chirravuri V. Rao, Trimurtulu Golakoti, Smriti Raychaudhuri, and Siba P. Raychaudhuri. "Cellular and molecular mechanisms of anti-inflammatory effect of Aflapin: a novel Boswellia serrata extract." Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry 354, no. 1-2 (April 11, 2011): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11010-011-0818-1.

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Shah, S. A., I. S. Rathod, B. N. Suhagia, S. S. Pandya, and V. K. Parmar. "A Simple High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method for the Estimation of Boswellic Acids from the Market Formulations Containing Boswellia serrata Extract." Journal of Chromatographic Science 46, no. 8 (September 1, 2008): 735–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/46.8.735.

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Niphadkar, Sonali S., and Virendra K. Rathod. "Adsorption kinetics, isotherm, and thermodynamics studies of acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acids (AKBA) from Boswellia serrata extract using macroporous resin." Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology 47, no. 8 (August 18, 2017): 804–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10826068.2017.1342263.

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KHALAJ-KONDORI, Mohammad, Farzaneh SADEGHI, Mohammad Ali HOSSEINPOURFEIZI, Farzam SHAIKHZADEH-HESARI, Aylar NAKHLBAND, and Mohammad RAHMATI-YAMCHI. "Boswellia serrata gum resin aqueous extract upregulatesBDNF but not CREB expression in adult male rat hippocampus." TURKISH JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 46 (2016): 1573–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/sag-1503-43.

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Asif, M., M. Atif, S. A. S. Sulaiman, M. A. Hassali, A. A. Shafie, N. Haq, and F. Saleem. "PUK1 Diuretic Activity of Aqueous Extract of Boswellia Serrata Roxb. Oleo Gum in Normal Albino Rats." Value in Health 15, no. 7 (November 2012): A644. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2012.08.246.

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Roe, Amy L., Rachel Wilcox, Jason M. Price, Lijuan Li, Hong Dai, Kimberly M. Freeman, Weslyn W. Friley, et al. "An Evaluation of Potential Inhibition of CYP3A4/5 and CYP2C9 Enzymatic Activity by Boswellia serrata Extract." Applied In Vitro Toxicology 5, no. 1 (March 2019): 34–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/aivt.2018.0023.

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von Rhein, Christine, Tatjana Weidner, Lisa Henß, Judith Martin, Christopher Weber, Katja Sliva, and Barbara S. Schnierle. "Curcumin and Boswellia serrata gum resin extract inhibit chikungunya and vesicular stomatitis virus infections in vitro." Antiviral Research 125 (January 2016): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.11.007.

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Katragunta, Kumar, Bandi Siva, Niharika Kondepudi, P. R. Rao Vadaparthi, Nadendla Rama Rao, Ashok Kumar Tiwari, and Katragadda Suresh Babu. "Estimation of boswellic acids in herbal formulations containing Boswellia serrata extract and comprehensive characterization of secondary metabolites using UPLC-Q-Tof-MSe." Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 9, no. 6 (December 2019): 414–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpha.2019.09.007.

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Shah, Shailesh A., Ishwarsinh S. Rathod, Bhanubhai N. Suhagia, Dharmesh A. Patel, Vijay K. Parmar, Bharat K. Shah, and Vikas M. Vaishnavi. "Estimation of boswellic acids from market formulations of Boswellia serrata extract and 11-keto β-boswellic acid in human plasma by high-performance thin-layer chromatography." Journal of Chromatography B 848, no. 2 (April 2007): 232–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.10.026.

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Madisch, Ahmed, Stephan Miehlke, Otto Eichele, Jenny Mrwa, Birgit Bethke, Eberhard Kuhlisch, Elke Bästlein, et al. "Boswellia serrata extract for the treatment of collagenous colitis. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial." International Journal of Colorectal Disease 22, no. 12 (December 2007): 1445–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00384-007-0364-1.

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Singh, G. B., and C. K. Atal. "Pharmacology of an extract of salai guggal ex-Boswellia serrata, a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent." Agents and Actions 18, no. 3-4 (June 1986): 407–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01965005.

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Pinzon, Rizaldy Taslim, Rosa De Lima Renita Sanyasi, Esdras Ardi Pramudita, and Septian Dewi Periska. "The benefit of Curcuma longa and Boswellia serrata to improve quality of life in osteoarthritis patients: a randomized controlled trial." International Journal of Research in Orthopaedics 5, no. 6 (October 22, 2019): 1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2455-4510.intjresorthop20194807.

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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Quality of life (QoL) can be affected by chronic pain in osteoarthritis (OA). Previous studies showed that combination of <em>Curcuma longa</em> (CL) and <em>Boswellia serrata</em> (BS) extract (CB extract) are promising for alternative treatment for pain in OA. This study aimed to measure the benefit of CB extract to improve QoL in patients with OA.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This was a randomized controlled trial (RCT) in OA patients. Subjects were randomized to 3 different group (Group 1: CB extract (350 mg of CL and 150 mg BS) and NSAID (400 mg ibuprofen or 50 mg diclofenac sodium); group 2: CB extract; group 3: NSAID). Each medication was taken two times per day for 4 weeks. QoL measured using 5Q-5D-5L that include five dimensiones in 5Q-5D: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, anxiety/depression, with 5 levels of severity.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> There were 105 subjects at baseline. After 4 weeks of study, remained 95 subjects. The most common problem in group 1, 2, and 3 was pain (n=23, n=8, n=15 respectively). The improvement of level of severity in group 1 after 4 weeks of treatment was significant in mobility problems (p=0.002), pain/discomfort (p<0.001), and anxiety/depression (p=0.008). A significant improvement was only seen in usual activity problems (p=0.013) in group 2. The decrease of level of severity in usual activity problems (p=0.034), pain/discomfort (p=0.005), and anxiety/depression (p=0.018) in group 3 were also statistically significant.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> CB extract was beneficial to improve QoL in OA patients with a less side effect compared to NSAID.</p>

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Mehta, Meenu, Saurabh Satija, and Munish Garg. "Comparison Between HPLC and HPTLC Densitometry for the Determination of 11-keto-Beta-boswellic acid and 3- acetyl-11-keto-Beta-boswellic acid from Boswellia serrata Extract." Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research 50, no. 3 (August 1, 2016): 418–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5530/ijper.50.3.15.

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Beghelli, Daniela, Gloria Isani, Paola Roncada, Giulia Andreani, Onelia Bistoni, Martina Bertocchi, Giulio Lupidi, and Alessia Alunno. "Antioxidant andEx VivoImmune System Regulatory Properties ofBoswellia serrataExtracts." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7468064.

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Boswellia serrata(BS) is an important traditional medicinal plant that currently represents an interesting topic for pharmaceutical research since it possesses several pharmacological properties (e.g., anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antitumour). The safety and versatility of this dietary supplement should allow for its use in numerous pathological conditions; however the quality of the extracts needs to be standardized to increase the clinical success rate resulting from its use. In the present study, different commercially availableB. serrataextracts were employed to compare their AKBA content and in vitro antioxidant power. Furthermore, their ability to modulate the immune system regulatory properties was investigated. Our results showed that the AKBA content varied from3.83±0.10to0.03±0.004%, with one sample in which it was not detectable. The highest antioxidant power and phenolic content were shown by the same extract, which also exhibited the highest AKBA concentration. Finally, the BS extracts showed the ability to influence the regulatory and effector T-cell compartments. Our results suggest that frankincense should be further investigated for its promising potentiality to modulate not only inflammation/oxidative stress but also immune dysregulation, but attention should be paid to the composition of the commercial extracts.

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Vahabi, Surena, Mojdeh Hakemi-Vala, and Samaneh Gholami. "In vitro Antibacterial Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Lawsonia inermis, Malva sylvestris, and Boswellia serrata on Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans." Advanced Biomedical Research 8, no. 1 (2019): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/abr.abr_205_18.

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Kudle, Karunakar Rao, Manisha R. Donda, Ramchander Merugu, Madhukar Rao Kudle, and M. P. Rudra Pratap. "MICROWAVE ASSISTED GREEN SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING BOSWELLIA SERRATA FLOWER EXTRACT AND EVALUATION OF THEIR ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY." INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHARMACY 4, no. 6 (July 5, 2013): 197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2230-8407.04644.

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Sanchez, C., J. Zappia, Y. Dierckxsens, J. P. Delcour, and Y. Henrotin. "Boswellia serrata extract and curcumin increase GDF15 production by human primary osteoarthritis chondrocytes: a new mechanism of action." Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 28 (April 2020): S120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2020.02.196.

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Kora, Aruna Jyothi, R. B. Sashidhar, and J. Arunachalam. "Aqueous extract of gum olibanum (Boswellia serrata): A reductant and stabilizer for the biosynthesis of antibacterial silver nanoparticles." Process Biochemistry 47, no. 10 (October 2012): 1516–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2012.06.004.

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48

Donovan, Emily K., Sophia Kekes-Szabo, Joanne C. Lin, Rebecca L. Massey, James D. Cobb, Kathleen S. Hodgin, Timothy J. Ness, Carl Hangee-Bauer, and Jarred W. Younger. "A Placebo-Controlled, Pseudo-Randomized, Crossover Trial of Botanical Agents for Gulf War Illness: Curcumin (Curcuma longa), Boswellia (Boswellia serrata), and French Maritime Pine Bark (Pinus pinaster)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5 (March 3, 2021): 2468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052468.

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This report is part of a larger study designed to rapidly and efficiently screen potential treatments for Gulf War Illness (GWI) by testing nine different botanicals. In this placebo-controlled, pseudo-randomized, crossover clinical trial of 20 men with GWI, we tested three botanical agents with putative peripheral and central anti-inflammatory actions: curcumin (Curcuma longa), boswellia (Boswellia serrata), and French maritime pine bark extract (Pinus pinaster). Participants completed 30 +/− 3 days of baseline symptom reports, followed by 30 +/− 3 days of placebo, 30 +/− 3 days of lower-dose botanical, and 30 +/− 3 days of higher-dose botanical. Participants then repeated the process with a new botanical until completing up to three botanical cycles. Data were analyzed using linear mixed models. Curcumin reduced GWI symptom severity significantly more than placebo at both the lower (p < 0.0001) and higher (p = 0.0003) dosages. Boswellia was not more effective than placebo at reducing GWI symptoms at either the lower (p = 0.726) or higher (p = 0.869) dosages. Maritime pine was not more effective than placebo at the lower dosage (p = 0.954) but was more effective than placebo at the higher dosage (p = 0.006). This study provides preliminary evidence that curcumin and maritime pine may help alleviate symptoms of GWI. As a screening study, a final determination of the efficacy of these compounds for all individuals with GWI cannot be made, and further studies will need to be conducted to determine strength and durability of effects, as well as optimal dosage. These results suggest that GWI may, at least in part, involve systemic inflammatory processes. This trial was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02909686) on 13 September 2016.

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Taghizadeh, Mohsen, Farzaneh Maghaminejad, Mohammad Aghajani, Malihe Rahmani, and Mohaddese mahboubi. "The effect of tablet containing Boswellia serrata and Melisa officinalis extract on older adults' memory: A randomized controlled trial." Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics 75 (March 2018): 146–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2017.12.008.

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Karl, Berit, Yaser Alkhatib, Uwe Beekmann, Tom Bellmann, Gabriele Blume, Frank Steiniger, Jana Thamm, Oliver Werz, Dana Kralisch, and Dagmar Fischer. "Development and characterization of bacterial nanocellulose loaded with Boswellia serrata extract containing nanoemulsions as natural dressing for skin diseases." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 587 (September 2020): 119635. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119635.

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