Journal articles on the topic 'Boston Society of Landscape Architects'
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Brzuszek, Robert F., Richard L. Harkess, and Eric Stortz. "Perceptions of the Importance of Plant Material Knowledge by Practicing Landscape Architects in the Southeastern United States." HortTechnology 21, no. 1 (February 2011): 126–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.21.1.126.
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This study evaluates the attitudes and perceptions of practicing landscape architects in the southeastern United States with regards to the importance of horticultural knowledge for their profession. A 20-question survey instrument was mailed to 120 landscape architects who were listed as members of the American Society of Landscape Architects. The survey included various questions related to education and experience of the respondents and their peers with plants. The response rate was 52.5% (n = 63) and the majority of respondents were seasoned landscape architects in the states of Louisiana, Mississippi, Arkansas, Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia, and Florida that primarily served residential and commercial markets. The results from this study showed that the population of respondents strongly felt that plant knowledge is an important part of their professional skills, and recent graduates of landscape architecture and the profession as a whole appear more distanced from having strong plant expertise. Despite the increasing challenges for more formal plant education, there continues to be a need for both formal and informal extended education classes.
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KOMARA, ANN E. "The Glass Wall: Gendering the American Society of Landscape Architects." Studies in the Decorative Arts 8, no. 1 (October 2000): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/studdecoarts.8.1.40662757.
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Kuper, Rob. "Policy Brief: Alternatives to In-Person American Society of Landscape Architects Conferences on Landscape Architecture." Landscape Journal 41, no. 1 (2022): 77–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/lj.41.1.77.
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Kuper, Rob. "Policy Brief: Alternatives to In-Person American Society of Landscape Architects Conferences on Landscape Architecture." Landscape Journal 41, no. 1 (2022): 77–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/lj.41.1.77.
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Mildawani, Irina, and Shahed Khan. "The Role of Landscape Architecture Profession In Two Different Contexts: A Comparative Review of the Practitioners in Responding To Climate Change Adaptation." Indonesian Journal of Planning and Development 1, no. 1 (September 24, 2014): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijpd.1.1.43-50.
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<p class="Abstract">In the context of rising concerns about global warming and sustainable development this paper examines the challenges of landscape architecture (LA) in developing and developed countries in handling climate change adaptation. The paper aims to find how the LA institutes define their professionals’ roles in dealing with society and environment. It seeks to focus on the professionals’ involvement in climate change adaptation programs in Indonesia and Australia. The paper seeks to determine how contextual factors such as institutional roles and types of prevalent governance systems shape the development of landscape architecture discipline and its professional capability with respect to other related built environment professions (architecture and planning). The websites of the ISLA (Indonesian Society of Landscape Architects) and the AILA (Australian Institutes of Landscape Architects) are examined and analysed from the perspective of professional principles of the International Federation of Landscape Architects (IFLA). The aim is to determine the LA practitioners’ awareness and approaches in handling climate change challenges in various roles and capabilities. It has found that the professional institute in Australia has been involved in the educational program to equip their practitioner members to have a basic knowledge and further application of climate change adaptation in their design and planning projects; whereas in Indonesia the practitioners are actively involved in community capacity building to increase people’s awareness and participation in mitigating the climate change at local as well as regional levels. Findings from the study seek to establish the universality of the LA profession and its relevance in both developed and developing countries.</p>
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Kuper, Rob. "Travel-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions from American Society of Landscape Architects Annual Meetings." Landscape Journal 38, no. 1-2 (2019): 105–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/lj.38.1-2.105.
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UEHARA, Misato. "Forecasted roles of landscape architects in society based on IFLA Europe's educational guidelines." Journal of The Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture 87, no. 1 (May 11, 2023): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5632/jila.87.14.
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Geng, Xiaorui. "Protection-Oriented Landscape Design Based on Ecological Priority under the Concept of Ecological Environment Monitoring." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2022 (October 8, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8906299.
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Monitoring the ecological environment and creating protective landscapes have as their main objectives the rational and successful integration of available resources in accordance with regional needs while conserving their core nature. Landscape architects need to not only fully comprehend it but also develop it in practice if they are to ensure the maintenance of landscape design and plant configuration. In order to protect the environment, this essay discusses protective landscape design while emphasising environmental monitoring. The research shows that the strategy outlined in this paper has the lowest cost. Choosing a landscape that is inexpensive to upgrade has a big advantage over the costs connected to this method of developing a landscape. According to the ecological priority concept of ecological protection, rational planning and allocation of urban green space are of great urgency and practical significance for enhancing people’s lives, fostering economic development, and creating a harmonious society in the current construction of a society focused on conservation.
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Mariné, Nicolás. "Los herederos de Olmsted: la American Society of Landscape Architects y la difícil definición del paisajista moderno." Cuaderno de Notas, no. 20 (July 31, 2019): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.20868/cn.2019.4260.
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ResumenEn la actualidad, varios teóricos del paisaje han notado una crisis continuada en la identidad profesional de la arquitectura del paisaje. Este problema, de hecho, cuenta ya con una larga trayectoria que nos lleva hasta el punto en que Frederick Law Olmsted, uno de los creadores de Central Park, concibió la profesión. Partiendo de las intuiciones mostradas en publicaciones recientes, este artículo trata las dificultades que tuvo la American Society of Landscape Architects (ASLA), la primera organización oficial de paisajistas, para definir la arquitectura del paisaje como una profesión moderna. Para explorar esta idea se han consultado los documentos originales que la ASLA produjo desde el momento de su fundación hasta la mitad del siglo XX, almacenados en uno de los archivos históricos de la Biblioteca del Congreso de Estados Unidos y que, hasta el momento, no han sido publicados en su mayor parte. Una lectura crítica de estos documentos muestra los conflictos y complicaciones que tuvo la sociedad para definir un ámbito profesional y un perfil concreto de cara al público.AbstractIn current times, several landscape theorists have noticed a persistent crisis in the professional identity of landscape architecture. Actually, this problem has a long history that can be traced back to when Frederick Law Olmsted, one of the creators of New York’s Central Park, conceived the profession. Following some of the ideas that recent publications have hinted at, in this paper we look into the difficulties that the American Society of Landscape Architects (ASLA), the first official organization of its kind, went through during the early attempts to define landscape architecture as a modern profession. To do this, we have consulted the original documents that the ASLA produced between its foundation and the middle of the 20th century. These are currently stored in the Library of Congress of the United States and some of them remain unpublished up until now. A critical reading of these records highlights the conflicts and complications in defining the field of landscape architecture and building a specific public profile.
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Bluestone, Daniel. "Framing Landscape While Building Density:." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 76, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 506–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2017.76.4.506.
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In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Chicago developers, architects, and residents defined a new residential vernacular: brick courtyard apartments, which massed units in low-rise buildings around landscaped courtyards, often open to the street. These buildings accommodated higher levels of residential density and seemingly did the opposite as well—preserved and cultivated nature. The Chicago courtyard apartment creatively negotiated the social and cultural tension between reverence for the iconic single-family house and an urban society increasingly occupying multiple-unit dwellings. The designs drew upon the interest in sunlight, air circulation, and natural landscape that influenced contemporary tenement house reform, urban hospital design, the small park and playground movement, and the rethinking of the dimensions and possibilities of residential lawns and gardens. In Framing Landscape While Building Density: Chicago Courtyard Apartments, 1891–1929, Daniel Bluestone looks closely at specific Chicago courtyard apartments, unpacking the design and cultural logic at play in their construction.
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Qiu, Yue, Zheng Cong, Karla Nicole Opiniano, Xuesong Qiao, and Zheng Chen. "Landscape Architecture Professional Knowledge Abstraction: Accessing, Applying and Disseminating." Land 12, no. 11 (November 13, 2023): 2061. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12112061.
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Rigorous abstract knowledge, such as academic knowledge, is vital to a profession’s resilience against other modern professional competition. In the field of landscape architecture, a growing number of concerns about a lack of rigorous knowledge have been observed, which may jeopardise the jurisdiction of its professional practice. A study was conducted that collected behaviours and attitudes from various members of the American Society of Landscape Architects (ASLA) regarding how they accessed, disseminated, and applied knowledge in practice. Their responses concerning the knowledge were analysed by dividing and ranking the options according to the degree of knowledge abstraction. Knowledge abstraction refers to theories and commonplace best practices that are established within a profession through shared knowledge, experience, and research. The results showed that (1) most practitioners tended to access new knowledge through tacit experience, which is indicative of a lower level of abstraction in their practice; (2) design decisions were based less on higher and rigorously abstracted knowledge such as research findings and, in circumstances where it was deployed in the design process, such knowledge was seldom used to guide design independently; (3) the majority of practitioners rarely share knowledge through high-abstracted publications; and (4) compared with accessing relatively diverse levels of knowledge abstraction, practitioners were less resourceful in knowledge application and even less in dissemination. The knowledge acquired, used and circulated in the workplace of landscape architects—as indicated by this survey—is still not comprehensively abstracted to a rigorous level, which may provide an insight into the concerns of practitioners regarding this profession’s breadth of knowledge and jurisdiction.
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Livingston, M. "American Society of Landscape Architects Annual Meeting & Expo Fort Lauderdale, Florida, October 7- 10, 2005." Landscape Journal 25, no. 2 (January 1, 2006): 262–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/lj.25.2.262.
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Hartig, Anthea M. "Experiments in Re-Encoding Environment." Boom 6, no. 1 (2016): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/boom.2016.6.1.12.
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In the summer of 1966, dance pioneer Anna Halprin and her husband, landscape architect Lawrence Halprin, embarked on a series of experimental, experiential, cross-disciplinary workshops in northern California that blurred the boundaries of architecture, choreography, ecology, music, cinematography, and being itself. That summer, and again in 1968 and 1971, these “Experiments in Environment” brought together artists, dancers, musicians, filmmakers architects, and environmental designers in provocative, pioneering experiences. This photo essay includes selected images from the 2016 California Historical Society exhibition on the Halprins—Environment: The Halprin Workshops, 1966-1971.
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Gao, Ruochen. "Landscape Appreciation of Leonardo Da Vincis Artwork." Communications in Humanities Research 3, no. 1 (May 17, 2023): 257–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7064/3/20220284.
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Nowadays, people pay more and more attention to landscape beauty, and the comfort and beauty of the living environment are considered important. Urban construction is gradually transforming into an environmentally friendly society. In order to promote the transformation of contemporary landscape design from mechanical design to humanized and natural design, this paper studies three works created in the Renaissance period under the guidance of humanistic thoughts, and analyzes the landscape expression in these works. The author adopts the method of case analysis. The Virgin of the Rocks, The Annunciation, and The Adoration of the Magi are selected. Through observation and analysis of the painting background, the expression of content and characteristics of each work, appreciating landscape reflected in Leonardo da Vincis artwork during Renaissance. The study aims to summarize the common characteristic and explore the reference significance for the present art landscape and promote the healthy development of urban construction. Renaissance gardens inspire contemporary landscape architects to pay attention to human feelings and primitive nature in their designs.
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Kemp, Barry. "A model of Tell el-Amarna." Antiquity 74, no. 283 (March 2000): 15–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00065996.
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Tell el-Amarna, the short-lived capital built by the pharaoh Akhenaten around 1350 BC, remains the largest ancient city in Egypt which is still above ground. Over the last century a succession of archaeological expeditions has revealed large areas of its plan. During 1999 the Boston Museum of Fine Arts, in connection with a temporary exhibition of Amarna art, commissioned a 1:400-scale model of a major part of the city, based on the survey which, in recent years, the Egypt Exploration Society has carried out. It was designed by Mallinson Architects, with advice from Bany Kemp, field director of the EES expedition to Amarna, and built by a Clapham firm of architectural modelmakers, Tetra (Andy Ingham Associates). The completed model measures 12 x 10 feet (3.7 x 3.0 metres).
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Yatsenko, Viktor, Tetiana Korotkova, Oleg Pantiukhov, and Yevhenii Korotkov. "TRAINING OF ARCHITECTS AT THE DEPARTMENT OF LANDSCAPE AND TOURIST AND RECREATIONAL ARCHITECTURE UNDER MARTIAL LAW." Spatial development, no. 5 (November 24, 2023): 144–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2786-7269.2023.5.144-154.
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This article, as well as the two previous ones for 2021 and 2022, highlights the topics of bachelor's and master's theses completed at the Department of Landscape and Tourism and Recreation Architecture. The choice of topics for diploma projects is related to the extremely difficult period in the country and is aimed at finding answers to mostly social issues. The state of society during the war and what it will be like after the victory, how the demographic composition of the population will change, what will be most needed to be done in the first place, how young professionals are aware of the complexity of professional tasks in the future. A society that will be divided into many types according to the requirements for the space in which it will live, work, rest, etc. And this main task seems to us to have been successfully completed, because in all the projects, the main focus was on the person of a free and independent Ukraine, regardless of age, status, education, or profession. A person who is a small part of the society where they live, rest, work, respect history, appreciate nature, love others, care for others, and value everything they have inherited.
Such works are the hallmark of the department, because all the life processes of the space in which a person lives will be created tomorrow by these graduates, and their teachers will continue to teach the next ones. And the department's theme will always be based on the search for concepts of combining history, nature and man - to remember, preserve, respect. In their works, the students respected the recreation of the disturbed symbiosis of architecture and nature. Preserving the natural resource as the main one for architectural creativity, trying not to repeat, but to try to understand natural creativity and variety of forms, so that a person can get maximum pleasure from being in such an environment without feeling like an alien element.
The testing of the topic of socialisation of social processes has shown the importance and necessity of this approach - man, nature, architecture.
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Krivosudský, Rastislav. "Viticulture in the Context of Historical Landscape Structure in the Small Carpathian Region – Model Area of Rača." GeoScape 8, no. 1 (June 26, 2014): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/geosc-2014-0002.
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Abstract The development of viticulture and wine producing has brought forward some unique elements of cultural land and introduced culture itself into the landscape. This culture has affected lives of many generations and determined the development of the society and the living environment. The form, the shape and the type of use of the respective elements of landscape structure has changed according to the change in technology, cultivation processes, orientation of production and the value system of the society. However, the recent viticultural rural land (together with residual areas of historical structure elements) in the vicinity of the capital city of Slovakia -- Bratislava has been under growing pressure caused by suburbanisation. This pressure directly threatens the existence of this kind of landscape and causes irreversible changes to landscape character. Landscape ecologists and architects have to face the issue of how to identify the valuable characteristics of the land and how to protects and keep them for the future generations. The main aim of this paper is to evaluate the role of viticulture in the formation, existence and change of the elements of historical structures of agricultural landscape (HSAL). In addition, this paper presents the layout of various types of these elements, the methodical approach to their mapping and their present status. The results show that out of 141 localities where the HSALs were present in 1951, they could have been located only in 25 localities in 2011. These localities are mainly situated in private properties. However, many of the mapped HSALs are no longer used and in the state of deterioration. The lack of their management gradually causes their demise.
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Michałowski, Andrzej. "KRAJOBRAZ KULTUROWY NA LIŚCIE ŚWIATOWEGO DZIEDZICTWA – POLSKIE DOŚWIADCZENIA." Protection of Cultural Heritage, no. 4 (November 29, 2017): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24358/odk_2017_04_03.
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The central organisation around which Polish cooperation with UNESCO on implementing the World Heritage Convention has been concentrated from the beginning is the Polish National Committee ICOMOS.The cooperation has been organised by institutions and people connected in some way with the Committee. Specialised institutions were gradually joining the cooperation. One example of such measures was the appointment of the Board of Historical Gardens and Palaces Conservation, transformed subsequently into the Centre for the Protection of Historic Landscape in Warsaw. A „garden” conservation society has gathered around this institution, composed of art historians, landscape architects, architects and gardeners. They have been carrying out interdisciplinary works concerning historic gardens and cultural landscapes in Poland. Their cooperation with the Polish National Committee ICOMOS andthe International Committee of Historic Gardens and Sites ICOMOS – IFLA was connected with the activities of UNESCO. Major activities of the Centre include: valuation and assessment of cultural landscapes for the World Heritage List; drawing up, in collaboration with the Fürst-Pückler-Park Bad Muskau Foundation, an application for the inscription of Park Muskau in the UNESCO World Heritage List; organisation of international conference: „The Regional Expert Meeting on Cultural Landscapes in Eastern Europe” in Białystok in 1999 at the request of WHC UNESCO; organisation of international conference „Cemetery Art” in 1993 at the request of WHC UNESCO, along with accompanying exhibitions concerning specific issues, organised by the Board of Historical Gardens and Palaces Conservation in Warsaw.
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Nekrošius, Liutauras, Indre Ruseckaite, and Edita Riaubiene. "Learning Environment by the Future Society: Development of School Grounds in Lithuania." Landscape architecture and art 13 (December 10, 2018): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/j.landarchart.2018.13.12.
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This paper presents particular aspects of educational function of the schoolyard, and argues that such a space could be used for educating the young generation, collaboration and interaction in creating the living environment. Research of Lithuanian schools’ architecture during the last few decades has indicated the practice of using the school courtyard that could be described as “Forgotten Space”. Education scholars pay exclusive attention to the interaction between learning and playing. Urban gardening, environmental monitoring, design-build studios become integral parts of secondary or even primary education. These activities need proper environment. The majority of Lithuanian youth attends schools built in the interwar and soviet periods that rarely fit the up-todate paradigm of education and spatial needs. This makes the school environment problematic but, at the same time, perfect as a transformation laboratory for communities as the non-generic “commissioners”, potential driving force of such actions. Architects, landscape architects, urban designers and planners occasionally look at the cooperation with communities as an obstacle or formal “must”. Since 2014, the Faculty of Architecture, VGTU, started to act as a catalyst activating discussions and alternative visions for changes of school spaces, mostly anticipating that the youth (students and school-children) involved would accustom themselves to active and constant co-creation and maintenance of their environment. The overview of the school grounds development in Lithuania during the last century was performed by consistent analysis of different functions. The study of each possible function of school outdoor area was done by applying the three-aspect correlation method: the education theory, legal building regulations and school environment practice. The study of school ground as the contemporary collectively developed playscape presented the results of experimental practices on participatory design and community engagement.
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Halbrooks, Mary C. "The English Garden at Stan Hywet Hall and Gardens: Interpretation, Analysis, and Documentation of a Historic Garden Restoration." HortTechnology 15, no. 2 (January 2005): 196–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.15.2.0196.
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Stan Hywet Hall and Gardens in Akron, Ohio, is a historical estate of national significance. Originally the home of the wealthy Seiberling family in the early 1900s, Stan Hywet Hall and Gardens was designed by renowned Boston landscape architect Warren Manning between 1911 and 1917. In 1915, the English Garden, one of several garden rooms on the estate, was designed by Manning as a walled, hidden garden. Thirteen years later, the garden's style was reconceived and its spatial dimensions restructured by Ellen Biddle Shipman, the foremost among women landscape architects of that time. Historic photographs document the implementation and maintenance of Shipman's design from 1928 to 1946. After 1946, the English Garden, lacking proper maintenance, was transformed into a shady retreat under towering evergreens on its perimeter. Few of the plantings from the Shipman period remained by 1989, whereas the architectural and structuring elements of the garden were still intact. The decision to restore the English Garden to Shipman's planting design provides a highly accurate representation of the garden during a particular period in its history (1928–46). Architectural rehabilitation of the garden's walls, walks, pathways, and pools was followed by an exacting restoration of the plantings according to Shipman's plans. In 1991, restoration of the English Garden was completed and it was opened to the public in 1992. Objectives of this paper are to 1) illustrate and illuminate contemporary historic landscape preservation practice and theory as applied to the English Garden at Stan Hywet Hall and Gardens and 2) document the horticultural methods associated with this historic garden restoration.
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Omokhodion, Akuewanbhor. "Globalization and an African city: Lagos." Ekistics and The New Habitat 73, no. 436-441 (December 1, 2006): 214–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.53910/26531313-e200673436-441119.
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The author, Chairman of Omokhodion Associates Ltd and Omokhodion Group, has received his academic degrees in architecture and city planning from the University of Science and Technology Kumasi, Ghana; the Athens Center of Ekistics, Athens, Greece; Yale University, New Haven, CO, USA ; the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; and the University of Lagos, Nigeria. In his long career, he has held key posts as Technical Officer in Training and as architect in the Federal Ministry of Works & Housing; as Physical Planning Assistant to Vice-Chancellor, University of Lagos, and has been director and chief designer of major architectural, landscape, urban design and urban planning projects in Nigeria at a broad range of scales. He has been a member of the Landuse and Allocation Committee, Bendel State; the Presidential Committee on the Accelerated Development of Abuja; the UNESCO Commission for Nigeria; Director of the Western Textile Mills Ltd; and is currently a member on the Panel on the Reorganization of NNPC. Dr Omokhodion is also a Fellow of the Nigerian Institute of Architects and the Nigerian Institute of Town Planners, and a member of the Royal Institute of British Architects and the World Society for Ekistics. The text that follows is a slightly edited version of a paper presented at the international symposion on "Globalization and Local Identity, " organized jointly by the World Society for Ekistics and the University of Shiga Prefecture in Hikone, Japan, 19-24 September, 2005.
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Li, Sha, Xin Yang, Jianning Zhu, Tingting Huang, and David Bramston. "A Landscape-Led Multidisciplinary Residential Plan for the London Green Belt." Land 12, no. 6 (June 9, 2023): 1202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12061202.
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Landscape architects have a responsibility to society, the environment, the client, and other professional organizations. Professionals that undertake landscape-led planning projects need to adopt a comprehensive approach in all the associated aspects. This article summarizes a unique experience in landscape-led planning practice in the UK where most projects are either town planning or architect-led: (1) the housing scarcity problem in towns and villages, land within the Green Belt in the UK is in strict governance by planning policies. In this article, a case study of exceptional infilling villages in East Hertfordshire is used to drive a landscape-led, multi-disciplinary planning process and to analyze all expertise assignments involved; (2) materials were sought from a variety of sources including council official online guidance, public open access materials, project team communication, and consultation results which covered local residents engagement and anonymous comments during the publicity period of the planning decision. Desktop studies, site visits, and the expertise of the multi-disciplinary team were applied throughout the case; (3) with a year of planning teamwork, the proposed development of the study site met the local sustainable growth that planning permission for high-quality residential dwellings was granted by the Local Planning Authority; (4) since known landscape-led planning examples are limited in the UK, the case study formed a good example for scholars and researchers who are interested in planning in the Green Belt.
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Erarslan, Alev. "Mimar Sinan Era Kulliyes in the Ottoman Urban Landscape." Belleten 84, no. 299 (April 1, 2020): 75–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2020.75.
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The Master Ottoman Architect Sinan, known as Mimar Sinan, produced numerous works of different character, among these, mosques, madrasahs, masjids (prayer rooms), khans (inns), caravanserais, covered bazaars, hammams (bath-houses), darüşşifa (hospitals), imarets (hospices), darülkurra (Koranic schools), sibyan mektebi (primary schools), tekke (lodges), waterways, aqueducts, fountains and palaces. Sinan is an architect that imprinted his mark upon his era by not repeating himself in any of the structures he created. Appointed the head of the Sultan's Society of Architects in 1538, Sinan created a great number of architectural works. Throughout the years of his long career in Ottoman architecture, in which time he produced an expansive typology of works, Architect Sinan also made a major contribution to urban planning. As Chief Architect, Sinan was responsible for many urban activities having to do with wastewater, fire prevention and the repair of many public buildings in Istanbul. Although documentation pertaining to Sinan's concept of the urban environment is scant, an analysis of all his structures suggests the existence of a delicate notion of city planning. Looking into the placement of the structures, their functional distribution within the city, the special roles they play in the general urban landscape, as well as their relationships to each other, it is not difficult to witness the rational conceptualization of a city. This article will attempt to examine the works of Architect Sinan in terms of his perspective on kulliye architecture, analyzing the contributions he made to these structures within the urban fabric, and to review his major kulliyes as intrinsic parts of the entirety of the city.
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Anderson, George. "Introduction to the Symposium." HortScience 23, no. 3 (June 1988): 534. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.23.3.534.
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Abstract Urban horticulture is an emerging area of interest to the researcher, teacher, landscape architect, city planner, forester, nurseryman, and the public. In today's society, demands are made on plants and man which are often above and beyond anything that could be considered normal for the species. The human animal is expected to work efficiently and effectively amidst austere surroundings of glass and concrete of major cities and to “relax” in busy, often sunless streets. In order to improve this working environment, planners and architects recommend a greater use of plants, the benefits of which have been provided for us by many of the early researchers in design and greenspace architecture. Trees and other woody plants improve the urban environment by screening unwanted views, by reducing noise and air pollution, and by generally improving the well-being of the individuals who come in contact with them. However, we often fall short of success in our search for suitable plants for use in the urban environment.
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Lolowang, Imelda S. "Understanding American Historical Change through Cultural Traditions, Physical Environment, & Literature: A Comparative Reflection in Global Community." Journal of English Language Teaching, Literature and Culture 3, no. 1 (March 19, 2024): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.53682/jeltec.v3i1.7437.
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This article embarks on a comprehensive exploration of the intricate interplay between cultural traditions, the physical landscape, and the realm of poetry or literature, particularly in their capacity as architects of public myths within societal consciousness. It endeavors to serve as a nuanced comparative reflection, offering valuable insights to English language and literature students. Leveraging the rich historical and cultural tapestry of America, it seeks to illuminate the multifaceted contexts underlying language and literature studies amidst the dynamic trends and formidable challenges of contemporary global society, where both tangible and virtual boundaries are increasingly contested. Rooted in an understanding spanning from the seventeenth century to the twentieth century, the author meticulously selects a myriad of historical records and literary masterpieces, each implicitly or explicitly portraying diverse facets of environmental dynamics and the notion of frontier. These meticulously curated depictions and conceptual frameworks from various sources constitute the cornerstone of the author's analytical approach, elucidating the intricate interconnectedness between American cultural ethos and its surrounding ecological milieu
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Azizan, Azliyana, Siti Muawanah, and Shahrizal Che Jamel. "College Mapping the Research Landscape of Falls in Older Adults: A Bibliometric Analysis." International Journal on Social and Education Sciences 6, no. 1 (February 15, 2024): 20–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.46328/ijonses.611.
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Aging poses a significant public health concern due to the high incidence of falls among older adults. This study conducted a bibliometric analysis of 6815 studies from 1842 to 2022 to identify key areas and interactions in falls research among older adults and propose future research directions. The United States was found to be actively contributing to this field, with the Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Boston, MA being a prominent institution. Notable authors included Lord SR, Kenny RA, and Stevens JA. The most cited paper was "Risk Factors for Falls among Elderly Persons Living in the Community". The study revealed that the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society was the most active journal. Co-occurrence analysis identified five major clusters of topics related to aging and falls. Despite global research activity, collaboration across country lines, especially between developed and developing countries, was lacking. Research on risk factors, particularly related to balance and gait issues, received significant attention. However, there was insufficient focus on addressing the diverse needs of aging individuals, including cultural and socioeconomic factors.
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Johnson, Lyrck. "Are Designers Diluting Culture? Connecting Theory to Practice." Asylum 2 (December 31, 2023): 330–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/aslm.2023207.
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The cohabitation between Indigenous and non- Indigenous peoples in this post-colonial society is a hefty but necessary topic that must be discussed. This is particularly important for landscape architects, as we are responsible for designing our urban public spaces and cities. Māori, the Indigenous people of Aotearoa, have struggled with land theft, and the erasure of their history and identity since the first European settlers arrived. Aotearoa has come a long way regarding cultural acceptance, acknowledgment and collaboration when it comes to design. This is evident, as engaging with mana whenua is considered of national importance in the Resource Management Act; however, the effects of colonisation still impact Māori today. As designers responsible for our public realm, we can aim to address these issues and create a co-habitable society that embraces and empowers all. Although this is the intent of many landscape architecture groups, is it appropriate to label recent projects as transformative and progressive if the design process follows colonial thinking, lacks authenticity and spirituality, and is essentially “a copy of something that never existed”?1 Spirituality is imbued in Māori culture, evident in Te Aranga Principles such as Mana and Ahi Kā2 that Māori have gifted us. The absence of authenticity and spirituality in our designs, due to existing constraints and fixed ways of thinking, dilutes Māori culture to trivial symbols; therefore, the goal of a co-habitable society can never truly be achieved. This will be discussed by analysing the article “Whakarewarewa Thermal Reserve: The Landscape of Simulation” by Rod Barnett (Ngāti Raukawa), an internationally acclaimed professor and academic author currently a Professor of Landscape Architecture and Head of the School of Architecture at Te Herenga Waka Victoria University of Wellington. The article discusses simulation, which embodies the greater issue of exploitation of Māori culture for tokenism and commodity. Similarly, the second chapter in the book Imagining Decolonisation, “What is Decolonisation?” by Ocean Ripeka Mercier (Ngāti Porou), an academic and professor who specialises in physics and Māori science at Te Herenga Waka Victoria University of Wellington, will be examined. Mercier’s chapter highlights the ideas and processes of decolonising our minds and spaces to truly achieve cohabitation. Lastly, the theories of Barnett and Mercier will be challenged by analysing two landscape architecture projects in Tāmaki Makaurau. By doing so, this paper emphasises the gravity of the issues within our design practices that claim to be authentic and inclusive, yet, at their core, precisely lack those attributes.
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Gerber, Mary Fennell. "Surveys and Other Methods Used to Determine User Green Space and Other Requirements: Harmony Playground, Van Saun Park, Bergen County, New Jersey." HortScience 31, no. 4 (August 1996): 594a—594. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.594a.
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Harmony Playground is a retrofitted, 2.25-acre site in Van Saun Park, River Edge, Bergen County, N.J. It is part of a 140-acre parcel, the largest in the 8000-acre Bergen County park system. The original playground was opened in 1960 and is visited by one million people annually—county, state residents, out-of-state and foreign visitors. The new playground was designed by Lawrence Porter, CLA, Bergen County Dept. of Parks and was dedicated in Oct. 1994. The facility reflects user demands in priority areas. They include the physical environment (topography, a water resource, shade, and vegetation), visibility, safety, play equipment and numerous amenities. User preference was determined through pre- and postconstruction surveys, interviews, and other measurements conducted by Fennell Gerber during Summer 1993 and Fall 1994. Vegetation and existing conditions are documented also. The landscape architect's use or rejection of the data (in some categories) to execute the design has been documented and analyzed. Vegetation selection is documented as well. User residual fears that surfaced after the completion are noted. While visitors stood in an award-winning facility (Porter was given the New Jersey Chapter American Society of Landscape Architects Honors Award), they expressed lingering concerns demonstrating a common fear and distrust prevalent among public landscape users. The study demonstrates the need for and value of user data. It can be used by designers to create a valid green space without lessening creativity or sacrificing professional integrity. In fact, user input and data used properly to design green spaces increases appropriate use and community support.
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McNulty, Maggie, and Lara Roman. "Forgotten Contributions: The Overlooked Impact of Ellen Harrison and Early 20th Century Women in Urban Greening." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 48, no. 6 (November 1, 2022): 333–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2022.025.
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Many women and women-run associations were involved in historical urban beautification in the United States, especially tree planting, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. While men had formal roles as city foresters, arborists, horticulturalists, and landscape architects, women from elite families sometimes labored for free to organize and advocate for urban tree planting. Tightly knit social circles of high-society women in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, yielded much greater influence in nascent tree planting and park creation movements than has generally been recognized. They often contributed their time, finances, input, and skill to landscape planting projects; however, they were not considered equal to the men who were compensated employees. These women planted, plotted, studied, and persevered, overcoming preconceived notions of womanhood, although their meaningful efforts were often viewed as merely an offshoot of their feminine domestic role. For women, limited by opportunities in male-dominated arenas, shaping their cities was a socially accepted means for empowerment. Ellen Waln Harrison (1846 to 1922) was a key figure in civic beautification in her hometown of Philadelphia and beyond. Ellen Harrison was married to Charles Custis Harrison, Provost of the University of Pennsylvania, and she personally oversaw campus landscaping efforts, and was referred to as his “right hand.” Her story is emblematic of a larger trend regarding women in botany, horticulture, and urban forestry around the turn of the 20th century.
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Gil-Mastalerczyk, Joanna. "Conscious approach to urban and extra-urban space restructuring as seen in the designs of Architecture students." MATEC Web of Conferences 174 (2018): 04016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817404016.
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In education of architects and urban planners, it is important to rely on interdisciplinary approach to many factors involved in the process. Especially in the built environment context, the awareness of the interaction of different components is of key importance. In their future work, architecture students need to have responsible and socially-oriented standpoint. It will be demonstrated in the creation of architectural objects in the natural landscape surroundings, and in the attitude to different type of architectural and urban spaces. Safety, the use of natural resources, the relations between architecture and the surrounds, the evaluation of the environmental components and their impact on the creative process are extremely important. The paper discusses examples of space solutions in the urban areas and those located outside cities. Those solutions involve daring architectural and urban forms that make use of the natural environment assets, and also quality architectural work and design. The presence of such objects is a response to the demand from the society, consequently it seems reasonable to explore the issues related to architectural education.
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Kim, Donghyun, and Seul-Ki Song. "The Multifunctional Benefits of Green Infrastructure in Community Development: An Analytical Review Based on 447 Cases." Sustainability 11, no. 14 (July 18, 2019): 3917. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11143917.
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This article describes the relationship between the design features of green infrastructure and the benefits of multifunctionality. To do so, it examines the descriptive linkages between 12 design features and nine benefits using 447 project case studies from the American Society of Landscape Architects. Multiple benefits of green infrastructure were found in 65% of the projects, regardless of the number of applied design features. The major green infrastructure design features with multiple benefits were: bioretention areas, permeable pavements, grassed swales, rainwater harvesting, rain gardens, and curb cuts. The major benefits of applied design features were: enhanced economic capacity, educational opportunities, improvements to the built environment, and enhanced environmental soundness. The findings show that the multiple benefits of green infrastructure’s multifunctionality can be inferred in many current cases. Knowing the relationship between design features and their benefits for green infrastructure would facilitate selecting optimal design features to achieve specific goals and planning outcomes. For communities that require a range of complex benefits, a multifunctionality-based green infrastructure will advance highly acceptable climate change adaptation measures.
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Muxí, Zaida, and Daniela Arias Laurino. "Filling History, Consolidating the Origins. The First Female Architects of the Barcelona School of Architecture (1964–1975)." Arts 9, no. 1 (February 25, 2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts9010029.
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After Francisco Franco’s death, the process of democratisation of public institutions was a key factor in the evolution of the architectural profession in Spain. The approval of the creation of neighbourhood associations, the first municipal governments, and the modernisation of Spanish universities are some examples of this. Moreover, feminist and environmental activism from some parts of Spanish society was relevant for socio-political change that affected women in particular. The last decade of Franco’s Regime coincided with the first generation of women that graduated from the Barcelona School of Architecture (ETSAB). From 1964 to 1975, 73 female students graduated as architects—the first one was Margarita Brender Rubira (1919–2000) who validated her degree obtained in Romania in 1962. Some of these women became pioneers in different fields of the architectural profession, such as Roser Amador in architectural design, Alrun Jimeno in building technologies, Anna Bofill in urban design and planning, Rosa Barba in landscape architecture or Pascuala Campos in architectural design, and teaching with gender perspective. This article presents the contributions of these women to the architecture profession in relation to these socio-political advances. It also seeks—through the life stories, personal experiences, and personal visions on professional practice—to highlight those ‘other stories’ that have been left out of the hegemonic historiography of Spanish architecture.
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Deming, M. E. "Designing With Nature: The Art of Balance 2007 Annual Meeting and Expo of the American Society of Landscape Architects Moscone Center, San Francisco, CA October 5-9, 2007." Landscape Journal 27, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 162–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/lj.27.1.162.
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Masullo, Juan, Julia Zulver, and Annette Idler. "Community Responses to a Changing Security Landscape at the Colombia–Venezuela Border: The Case of La Guajira." Journal of Human Rights Practice 13, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 173–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhuman/huab012.
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Abstract The Colombian–Venezuelan borderlands are facing a ‘double crisis’: at the same time as armed groups reconfigure following the demobilization of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), Colombia is concurrently receiving millions of refugees, migrants, and Colombian returnees from neighbouring Venezuela. While much international coverage of the crisis has focused on Cúcuta, the major border crossing in the department of Norte de Santander, the crossing via the Guajira Peninsula is the second most frequented official land crossing into Colombia. In 2020, La Guajira was home to more than 166,000 refugees and migrants, the third highest concentration in the country. This happened at the same time as new and old armed groups were using violent measures to control strategic territory in the region. This practice note takes stock of the risks that affect security conditions as perceived and experienced by communities in La Guajira, and outlines the self-protection strategies that some communities employ to respond to the changing security conditions. It demonstrates the need for enhancing efforts for integration (for example, documentation) and response mechanisms that are shared between Colombia and other countries in the region in order to mitigate risks for Venezuelans in border regions of Colombia. The information reported here comes from a targeted civil society workshop held in Riohacha—the capital city of La Guajira—and a field visit made in April 2019 under the research programme ‘From Conflict Actors to Architects of Peace—CONPEACE’.
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Sheynina, Alexandra, and Irina Ulanovskaya. "Analysis of the composition of Iris × hybrida hort. collection of Nikitsky Botanical Gardens - National Scientific Center by valuable decorative and economic-biological features." E3S Web of Conferences 254 (2021): 06012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125406012.
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The article presents the results of the analysis of the cultivar composition of the Iris × hybrida hort. collection of Nikitsky Botanical Gardens according to bloom season and color classification. As a result of the analysis of phenological observations, the average long-term dates of the «beginning of flowering» phase in the conditions of the South Coast of Crimea were determined for all collection cultivars. The definition of the studied cultivars according to the bloom season within the garden groups into early flowering, medium flowering and late flowering has been carried out. Lists of cultivars by color classes are presented. The data obtained can be used in the practice of landscaping resort areas to create long blooming without a break compositions with the inclusion of Iris × hybrida hort. cultivars from various garden groups. The definition of Iris × hybrida hort. cultivars of NBS – NSC collection by color classes in accordance with the classification proposed by The American Iris Society was also carried out. Lists of cultivars by color classes are presented. The data obtained can be used by landscape architects to create flower arrangements in specific color spectrum in combination with companion plants.
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Balázs, Rebeka Dóra. "Pebble in the pond : The socio-spatial effects of a participatory landscape design project in Budapest." socio.hu 10, Special Issue (2020): 138–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18030/socio.hu.2020en.138.
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Architecture is an intervention in the existing socio-spatial dynamics of a given society. This intervention can strengthen the status quo or create a new social order by triggering social relations and conflicts, which empowers one social group while oppressing others. This paper offers a deeper insight into the impact of this intervention by analysing a participatory landscape design project in Budapest and the surrounding discourses. The participatory landscape design project of Teleki Square in the 8th district of Budapest was carried out in 2013 with the involvement of local residents. The project was hailed as a success by the field of architecture, the media, and the local council. However, critical voices drew attention to the fact that the marginalized people of the neighbourhood were not present in the design process and only a quasi-homogenous and relatively more affluent group of people attended the design workshops. While the participating group has been empowered by the participatory design project, the group gained de facto the right to control the accessibility of Teleki Square. In this context the participatory landscape design project can be seen as a struggle for the urban space, where the lay participants circumstantially became the supporters of the ongoing local council-led gentrification in the neighbourhood. To understand this struggle and the dynamism that the participatory design brought in the socio-spatial conditions of the neighbourhood, this paper uses relational analysis. As opposed to choosing the stakeholders of the design project as fixed analytical units for a starting point of the analysis, the author builds on a relational framework that enables one to grasp the emerging and disappearing circumstantial coalitions between the stakeholders. Looking at the participatory landscape design project as a field of forces nested within the field of the gentrification, the position of the stakeholders can be defined by the different types of capital they possess. This analysis builds on interviews with four stakeholder groups of the participatory landscape design project (local council, architects, ‘Partners for the Teleki Square Association’ and ‘critical intellectuals’), videos of the participatory design workshops and local council documents. The empirical data was collected in 2016–2017.
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Zimmerman, Rae, Ryan Brenner, and Jimena Llopis Abella. "Green Infrastructure Financing as an Imperative to Achieve Green Goals." Climate 7, no. 3 (March 9, 2019): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli7030039.
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Green infrastructure (GI) has increasingly gained popularity for achieving adaptation and mitigation goals associated with climate change and extreme weather events. To continue implementing GI, financial tools are needed for upfront project capital or development costs and later for maintenance. This study’s purpose is to evaluate financing tools used in a selected GI dataset and to assess how those tools are linked to various GI technologies and other GI project characteristics like cost and size. The dataset includes over 400 GI U.S. projects, comprising a convenience sample, from the American Society of Landscape Architects (ASLA). GI project characteristics were organized to answer a number of research questions using descriptive statistics. Results indicated that the number of projects and overall cost shares were mostly located in a few states. Grants were the most common financial tool with about two-thirds of the projects reporting information on financial tools receiving grant funding. Most projects reported financing from only one tool with a maximum of three tools. Projects primarily included multiple GI technologies averaging three and a maximum of nine. The most common GI technologies were bioswales, retention, rain gardens, and porous pavements. These findings are useful for decision-makers evaluating funding support for GI.
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Malianchuk, Pavlo. "PUBLIC SPACES: DIFFERENT SCALES AND EMPHASES IN YURI SEROGIN'S PROJECTS." Architectural Bulletin of KNUCA, no. 29 (May 16, 2024): 62–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2519-8661.2024.29.62-73.
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In today's world, public projects are becoming not only an important component of the architectural landscape, but also a key factor in shaping living spaces and communities. They play a significant role in promoting social interaction, cultural exchange, and stimulate the development of social ties. Thoughtful design of public spaces involves not only ensuring functionality and aesthetic appeal, but also an in-depth analysis of the needs of local communities, taking into account historical and cultural features and unique requirements. Ukraine, as a country with a rich cultural heritage and diverse communities, has great potential for the development of public projects. Their existence is reflected in a variety of forms: from city squares and parks to culture and sports centers. The grateful synergy between architects, local authorities, and the public contributes to the creation of innovative and socially significant projects that contribute to the rapprochement and development of communities. This article explores the public projects of the architect Yuri Seryogin, which reflect his contribution to the development of the architectural scene and public space. Using the analysis and evaluation of projects, the article offers coverage of key aspects of the architect's work, his approaches to solving architectural problems, and his impact on society.
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Song, Shuxing. "Enhancing human well-being and comfort: Optimizing the integration of plants in buildings." Applied and Computational Engineering 66, no. 1 (May 29, 2024): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/66/20240912.
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The escalating challenges posed by greenhouse effects and the imperative for sustainable solutions have garnered global attention towards mitigating environmental harm, with buildings emerging as significant contributors to carbon emissions. This case study meticulously examines the Shunde Country Garden Headquarters Building, a visually captivating exemplar of plant integration within architectural frameworks. While the initial design emphasizes aesthetics and sustainability, a deeper exploration uncovers shortcomings in considering the well-being of occupants. The integration of plants into building structures holds promise in carbon absorption and reduced energy consumption, making a positive contribution to sustainability. However, the Shunde case underscores challenges such as insufficient natural light, poor ventilation, and elevated indoor humidity levels. These issues highlight the critical necessity of aligning architectural designs with human experiences, transcending mere aesthetics and sustainability. This study also reveals a noticeable oversight in the social dimension of buildings integrated with plants within existing certifications and architectural practices. While certifications like LEED, WELL, Envision, and BREEAM primarily evaluate sustainability from a conventional standpoint, architects often prioritize aesthetics over the living experiences of occupants. The absence of comprehensive guidelines addressing human well-being and comfort impedes the widespread adoption of Vertical Greenery Systems (VGS). In response, this project aims to propose a design guideline that holistically considers environmental, economic, and social aspects. By accentuating occupants' comfort and well-being, the objective is to unlock the practical potential of VGS across various countries. The proposed design guideline encompasses environmental, economic, and social considerations. It delves into lighting, support, and landscape elements for the environment, and addresses economic aspects such as potential, construction, design, and landscape economy. Importantly, the social aspect takes precedence in the guideline, concentrating on innovation, location, and landscape. By addressing environment, economy, and society, this paper endeavors to elevate the impact of Vertical Greenery Systems on human well-being and comfort, fostering a sustainable and harmonious relationship between architecture and nature.
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Sgoutas, Vassilis. "What could be considered a successful city of tomorrow." Ekistics and The New Habitat 69, no. 415-417 (December 1, 2002): 345–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.53910/26531313-e200269415-417362.
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The author, an architect, is currently President of the International Union of Architects (UIA) and has played an active part in the variousactivities of the Union as a member of the UIA Council between 1985 and 1990, then Vice President for Region II from 1990 to 1993 and Secretary General from 1993 to 1999. Born in Athens (Greece), Vassilis Sgoutas graduated from the University of Cape Town in 1957 and has his own practice in Athens. Projects carried out both in Greece and the Middle East include public buildings, industrial architecture, commercial buildings, hospitals, rehabilitation centers, restoration work and landscape architecture. He has won numerous awards in competitions including 2 of 30 ex-aequo prizes awarded by the Greek Ministry of Public Works for the best buildings of the period 1973-1983 and the Ministry of Environment ex-aequo award for innovative housing. He was President of the Greek Section of the UIA from 1981 to 1993 and has been a representative Council Member of the Technical Chamber of Greece (TEE) since 1984. He is actively involved in matters related to the environment and the disabled. He was a member of the EEC Helios Committee for the Handicapped (1989-1993); member of the Experts Committee for the "European Manual for an Accessible Built Environment" (1990) and the "European Concept for Access" (1995). He is a Board member of the Athens Forest Association and the Greek Spastics Society and a member of the World Society for Ekistics (WSE). The text that follows is an edited and revised version of an address by the author in his capacity as President of UIA to the annual General Assembly of the WSE following the WSE Symposion "Defining Success of the City in the 21st century," Berlin, 24-28 October, 2001.
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Smetanová, Gabriela. "Overview of past and present discourse on VAL." Architecture Papers of the Faculty of Architecture and Design STU 26, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/alfa-2021-0022.
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Abstract The paper is an introduction to my thesis entitled “Author’s Conceptions in the European Architecture of the 20th Century”. Specifically, the objective of my study is monographic research into VAL, a Slovak artistic-architectural group, which was active from the 1970s to the 1990s. The group consists of the artist Alex Mlynárčik, and architects Viera Mecková and Ľudovít Kupkovič, who gradually began to develop their visions together. During the years 1968 (1970) – 1994 they produced eight projects illustrating possibilities for our environment of tomorrow. The 1960s were accompanied by a discussion critically thematizing the main ideas of modernism. Visionary, utopian or dystopian trends, which presented various scenarios for the near future, were an integral part of this discussion. Their subject was the relationship between man and the environment, man and the society, architecture and landscape, or man and the cosmos. These visionaries have generated a whole series of architectural concepts, which even today are an inspiration for thinking about architecture and the environment. VAL was a valuable part of this global movement, and thus an important phenomenon from the point of view of local architectural discourse. This paper deals with the current state of research on the topic. It is a summary of formative moments and theories for the group’s work, a summary of the critical reflection and public presentations of their work throughout their active period up to the present day.
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Bilston, Sarah. "“YOUR VILE SUBURBS CAN OFFER NOTHING BUT THE DEADNESS OF THE GRAVE”: THE STEREOTYPING OF EARLY VICTORIAN SUBURBIA." Victorian Literature and Culture 41, no. 4 (October 25, 2013): 621–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150313000144.
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While literary critics have becomeincreasingly engaged by the impact of suburbanization on the literary landscape, most scholarship has focused on texts from the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries. The belief that suburbia appeared only occasionally in literature before this period is commonplace: as Gail Cunningham observes: “Although the term ‘suburb’ was used from Shakespeare and Milton onwards . . . it was not until the final decades of the nineteenth century that writers turned to suburban life as a subject of imaginative investigation” (Cunningham, “Riddle” 51). Cunningham's important work on suburban narrative positions authors of the late nineteenth century as architects of “the new imaginative category suburban,” one that was substantially shaped by the experience of observing and living amongst “newly massed middle classes” (Cunningham, “Riddle” 52). “[F]or many writers . . . the prime response to the new suburbia was one of anxiety and disorientation,” she argues. “How were they to conceptualize the sudden appearance of the new spatial environment?” (Cunningham, “Houses” 423). Yet Cunningham's emphasis on the newness of both the category and the lived experience underestimates the impact of suburbanization on the totality of the period. Suburbanization was a phenomenon that Victorian society had been experiencing, and responding to, for at least eight decades by the time of Victoria's death. Literary narratives engaging suburbia from these eight decades undoubtedly exist: they have received scant critical attention, yet they constitute a crucial tradition without which the most famous late-nineteenth-century texts of suburbia cannot be adequately understood.
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Düzenli, Tuğba, Sema Mumcu, and Emine Tarakci Eren. "Peyzaj Mimarlığında Heykel Kullanımı: Trabzon Kenti Örneği / Monument Usage in Landscape Architecture: Example of Trabzon City." Journal of History Culture and Art Research 7, no. 1 (March 31, 2018): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.7596/taksad.v7i1.1396.
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<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Monuments play a key role in the formation of a common memory and community consciousness by symbolizing important events or situations in the lives of people and societies and establish diverse dialogues with their surroundings in this context. The monument-art works to be placed in open spaces are important in terms of shaping social life and fulfill functions such as warning and activating society. For this reason, the use of monuments in open spaces is a matter for landscape architects to explore. The aim of the study is to determine the purposes and functions of monuments in urban open spaces. In this context, monuments in the city center of Trabzon are photographed and their usage types are classified. As a result, the monuments in urban open spaces in Trabzon are mostly composed of Atatürk and the persons in the history of the city (Kanuni Sultan Süleyman, Yavuz Sultan Selim, Mimar Sinan Etc.) And secondly the figures and events reflecting the culture of the city (horon/dancing figures, kamancha playing figures, anchovy, Trabzonspor etc.) Finally, it is seen that the expressions (military, martyr, etc.) reflect the national spirit. So in the monuments; it has been determined that the historical, cultural and social characteristics of the city are gaining more importance.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Öz</strong></p><p>Toplum ve bireylerin yaşamında yer alan önemli olayları simgeleyen, ortak toplumsal bilinç ve hafıza oluşturan heykeller çevreleriyle ilişki kurarlar. Açık mekanlarda yeralan heykeller, toplumun yaşantısında, sanatsal, estetik, kültürel öneme sahiptir. Bu nedenle heykellerin açık alanlardaki kullanım amaçları peyzaj mimarları için araştırılması gereken bir konudur. Çalışmada amaç kentsel açık mekanlardaki heykellerin kullanım amaçlarını belirlemektir. Bu bağlamda Trabzon kent merkezideki heykeller fotoğraflanarak kullanım türleri sınıflandırılmıştır. Sonuçta Trabzon’da kentsel açık mekanlardaki heykellerin çoğunlukla kentin kültürünü yansıtan figür ve olaylara (kemençe, horon, hamsi, Trabzonspor, taka vb.), ikinci olarak Atatürk ve kentin tarihinde yer alan kişilere (Kanuni Sultan Süleyman, Yavuz Sultan Selim vb.), ayrıca en son olarak milli ruhu yansıtan ifadelere (asker, şehit vb.) ait olduğu görülmüştür. Yani heykellerde; kente ilişkin tarihi, kültürel ve sosyal özelliklerin ağırlık kazandığı belirlenmiştir.</p>
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Solanilla Medina, Y. M., and D. V. Mamchenkov. "Organic technique: The formation of a new type of human‐technique‐nature relationship as exemplified in bamboo construction." Technoetic Arts 17, no. 3 (October 1, 2019): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/tear_00019_1.
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Abstract This article demonstrates the possibilities and problems of the formation of a new type of human‐technique‐nature relationship ‐ the organic technique ‐ in modern civilization. It is a relationship in which neither human nor nature must adapt to the needs of technology; rather, the technique is embedded in nature and becomes 'human-sized'. We can find a model for building this new type of relationship in the construction of buildings from bamboo. The uniqueness of bamboo as a building material manifests in two ways. The first relates to resources: bamboo is a very fast-growing plant, so cutting it's stem does not destroy the plant itself and in three to four years there is a new 'harvest'. This means bamboo has an extremely low cost, which is critical for developing countries with rapidly growing populations. Second, bamboo has a number of architectural advantages. Due to the flexibility and elasticity of this product, bamboo buildings are earthquake resistant. Such structures do not violate the natural landscape, but instead work with it; they are characterized by low cost and ease of construction, in a variety of forms. This has led to the widespread use of bamboo by leading architects and innovators from different countries. This article shows that the application of bamboo in architecture ‐ as opposed to artificial materials such as concrete, which exploit and destroy nature and impose their forms on cultures ‐ helps this building technique to integrate into the life of ecosystems and society, and thus to become a model of harmonizing human‐technique‐nature relations.
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Parneta, M. B. "COMPOSITIONAL FACTORS OF INFLUENCE ON THE MEDIA FORMATION OF LVIV ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN SPACES." Regional problems of architecture and urban planning, no. 16 (December 23, 2022): 172–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31650/2707-403x-2022-16-172-178.
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Lviv has a unique history and architecture. The landscape of the city gives the primary expressive media formation while compositional factors play an important role in its formation. In the architectural space of modern Lviv there is a heritage of different stylistic periods, and we can identify them with their architectural and artistic look. During the centuries architects made sure that the city was perceived as a complete system and its elements were harmoniously connected with each other. Cultural traditions of different times were constantly combined with local landscapes by various forms, textures, scales, colors to ensure the functionality of the space. The media formation of the city broadcasts its cultural value and makes it possible to look at the past from the present and understand it. The article defines the role of such compositional factors of influence on the media formation of architecture and urban spaces as form, proportions and decorations. The research was conducted on examples of historical architecture of Lviv, architecture of the Soviet period and modern architecture of the city. Social values and mentality of different historical periods are important in creating buildings and structures. Conducted analysis allows to find out architecture in Lviv became unified and commercialized after the Soviet period. This trend is also followed in modern architectural design. Despite this, it is worth remembering that society perception of the beauty and harmony of architectural environment is constantly changing so it is necessary to analyze the media formation of architecture from this point of view.
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Lawrence, Roderick J. "Contextualization Matters: Beyond Abstract, Normative and Universal Approaches." Ekistics and the new habitat 84, January 2024 (January 2, 2024): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.53910/26531313-e2024841676.
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The negative ecological, health and social impacts of intensive agricultural production and deforestation, coupled with rapid urban and suburban development motivated some architects, land-use planners, landscape and urban designers last century to consider how the morphology and size of human settlements impact on natural and human ecosystems at local, regional and global levels. Some initiatives 50 years ago, including the seminal contributions of Constantinos A. Doxiadis, John Habraken, Victor Papanek (among others), preceded current concerns about complex people-society-environment-biosphere interrelations in a rapidly urbanizing world. Notably, the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the New Urban Agenda recognize these dilemmas, but these initiatives have not borne anticipated outcomes since 2015. This article explains that the proposed responses to these societal challenges by these international initiatives have devalued fundamental elements of ekistics that combined and synthesized five forces - economic, social, political, technical and cultural factors in a holistic and systemic model. In addition, abstract, dogmatic, normative, and universal approaches commonly used in architecture and urban planning during the last century have remained dominant. The author requests a fundamental rethinking of key drivers of rapid urbanization that need to be understood and corrected according to the diversity and plurality of contextual conditions in which human settlements are constructed. These can be identified and accommodated in Living Labs which are creative real-world settings that explicitly reconnect knowledge and praxis about human habitats, thus overcoming the current deficit in implementing the SDGs, and in particular SDG 11.
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Zelinska, V. V., and N. Y. Kolesnikova. "EVOLUTION OF ARCHITECTURAL AND ARTISTIC EXPRESSION OF LIBRARIES." Regional problems of architecture and urban planning, no. 17 (October 17, 2023): 140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31650/2707-403x-2023-17-140-147.
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The article traces the path of the emergence and development of libraries in different historical periods. From ancient times, when it was customary to create libraries at the palaces of kings, to libraries that were located at monasteries; from the period of cultural and educational development, when libraries were part of universities, to libraries as independent institutions. Examples of global experience in designing modern library buildings are given. On the basis of the researched material, a number of factors that influenced the formation of architecture and the transformation of the internal space were determined, with the primary function of preservation to a multifunctional urban center as convenient as possible for the realization of cultural, social needs and ideas. A building with open spaces and areas for communication. Spirituality is the main goal of architecture. Architects and designers, when designing modern library buildings and spaces, often deviate from the strict standards of the volume-planning structure, including recreation areas, exhibition areas, cafes, conference halls, areas with access to electronic media, halls with access to open funds, etc., which are not typical for libraries. A modern library project begins with a concept. The architectural concept of a modern library is a combination of knowledge, architecture, landscape and the wider public environment. The article shows how the evolution of the forms and functions of library buildings under the influence of technical, cultural, social, and economic development of society directly affects the aesthetic and functional renewal of their architectural and artistic diversity and volumetric and spatial environment.
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ПРЯДКО, И. П. "ON THE INFLUENCE OF BIOSPHERE AND SOCIAL PROCESSES ON URBAN PLANNING PRACTICE: RUSSIAN AND FOREIGN EXPERIENCE." Экономика и предпринимательство, no. 10(159) (December 4, 2023): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.34925/eip.2023.159.10.003.
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В настоящей работе решается проблема социального смысла и назначения деятельности градостроителя и архитектора. Авторами поднимается ключевая для современной архитектоники проблема учета проектировщиками городов требований окружающей природы, вмещающего ландшафта в целях гармоничного сосуществования биосферы и потребностей общества. Сопоставляются принципы организации антропогенного пространства в контексте восточной и западной культур, при этом прослеживается использование данных принципов в современной архитектуре. Приведены данные точечного замера общественного мнения по вопросам организации городской среды. Объектом социологического исследования выступили студенты Московского государственного строительного университета (Россия). Исходя из результатов анализа документов и социологического опроса, авторы статьи высказали рекомендации архитекторам и градопроектировщикам по изучению социальных и экологических потребностей жителей поселений. This work solves the problem of the social meaning and purpose of the activities of a city planner and architect. The authors raise the key problem for modern architectonics of city designers taking into account the requirements of the surrounding nature and the surrounding landscape for the purpose of harmonious coexistence of the biosphere and the needs of society. The principles of organizing anthropogenic space in the context of Eastern and Western cultures are compared, while the use of these principles in modern architecture is traced. Data from spot measurements of public opinion on the organization of the urban environment are presented. The objects of the sociological study were students of the Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (Russia). Based on the results of the analysis of documents and a sociological survey, the authors of the article made recommendations for architects and urban planners to study the social and environmental needs of residents of settlements.
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Kinnunen, Veera. "Tulevaisuuksien muotoilua Lapin varhaisessa seutusuunnittelussa." Alue ja Ympäristö 47, no. 1 (June 26, 2018): 31–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.30663/ay.65038.
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The reconstruction of Lapland after World War II did not mean merely restoring the pre-war infrastructure and buildings; Lapland was both reconstructed and built afresh at the same time. Reconstruction was viewed by planners and architects as an inspiring challenge to modernise the devastated areas. Lapland region was considered a real-life laboratory for arranging novel ways for “living, moving and working”. Almost all the rapids of Finland´s longest river, the Kemijoki, were harnessed during the 1950s and 1960s. The construction of hydropower plants changed both the mental and physical landscape of Northern Finland in ways that were not anticipated in the planning stage of the projects. One of the rapids harnessed on the Kemijoki River was Pirttikoski. During the construction years (1955-1959) the population of Pirttikoski grew from zero to almost 4000. In this article I will discuss the kinds of modernising influences that the construction of the power plants introduced into the culture and everyday lives of the people living in the region, asking what was the ethos of regional planning articulated in the planning of both the community and the region. I will further explore what was the anticipated future society that the designers of Lapland regional plan in the 1950s were pursuing. In this article the village of Pirttikoski serves as a model community in two ways. Firstly, Pirttikoski was originally designed as an experimental model community for creating solutions for future power plant construction site communities. Secondly, it is a model village of my study, a micro case from which I will examine the process of designing a regional plan for Lapland in the 1950s.
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SINGAL, DANIEL J. "CONFRONTING CONSUMERISM." Modern Intellectual History 3, no. 1 (April 2006): 193–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244305000685.
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Kathleen G. Donohue, Freedom from Want: American Liberalism and the Idea of the Consumer (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003)Jonathan M. Hansen, The Lost Promise of Patriotism: Debating American Identity, 1890–1920 (University of Chicago Press, 2003)Daniel Horowitz, The Anxieties of Affluence: Critiques of American Consumer Culture, 1939–1979 (University of Massachusetts Press, 2004)To recapture the ideal vision that many late nineteenth-century American thinkers held for their society one can do no better than Edward Bellamy's utopian novel, Looking Backward, 1887–2000 (1888). In it Bellamy transports his young protagonist, Julian West, from the Boston of his day to a far more appealing version of the same city imagined as it was about to enter the twenty-first century. Julian finds a consumers' paradise, where each citizen receives a credit card to use in selecting from a virtually limitless variety of goods available for sale at local distribution centers. With everyone receiving a per capita share of the burgeoning national output, the entire society has now become securely middle class. Indeed, there is so much wealth that citizens are actively encouraged to spend rather than save. “The nation is rich,” we are told, “and does not wish the people to deprive themselves of any good thing.” Labor unions, strikes, and class conflict have all become a distant memory. Along with the working class, the unsightly factories that once dominated so much of the urban landscape have essentially vanished. A cornucopia of goods miraculously appears, with the apparatus required for manufacturing them entirely out of sight. Given this happy state of affairs, all citizens exhibit a strong degree of patriotism. Dissent and disloyalty have become unknown, since there is no longer any need for them.