Relevant bibliographies by topics / Boston Society of Landscape Architects

Academic literature on the topic 'Boston Society of Landscape Architects'

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Published: 26 July 2024
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Journal articles on the topic "Boston Society of Landscape Architects"

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Brzuszek, Robert F., Richard L. Harkess, and Eric Stortz. "Perceptions of the Importance of Plant Material Knowledge by Practicing Landscape Architects in the Southeastern United States." HortTechnology 21, no. 1 (February 2011): 126–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.21.1.126.

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This study evaluates the attitudes and perceptions of practicing landscape architects in the southeastern United States with regards to the importance of horticultural knowledge for their profession. A 20-question survey instrument was mailed to 120 landscape architects who were listed as members of the American Society of Landscape Architects. The survey included various questions related to education and experience of the respondents and their peers with plants. The response rate was 52.5% (n = 63) and the majority of respondents were seasoned landscape architects in the states of Louisiana, Mississippi, Arkansas, Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia, and Florida that primarily served residential and commercial markets. The results from this study showed that the population of respondents strongly felt that plant knowledge is an important part of their professional skills, and recent graduates of landscape architecture and the profession as a whole appear more distanced from having strong plant expertise. Despite the increasing challenges for more formal plant education, there continues to be a need for both formal and informal extended education classes.
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KOMARA, ANN E. "The Glass Wall: Gendering the American Society of Landscape Architects." Studies in the Decorative Arts 8, no. 1 (October 2000): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/studdecoarts.8.1.40662757.

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Kuper, Rob. "Policy Brief: Alternatives to In-Person American Society of Landscape Architects Conferences on Landscape Architecture." Landscape Journal 41, no. 1 (2022): 77–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/lj.41.1.77.

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Kuper, Rob. "Policy Brief: Alternatives to In-Person American Society of Landscape Architects Conferences on Landscape Architecture." Landscape Journal 41, no. 1 (2022): 77–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/lj.41.1.77.

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Mildawani, Irina, and Shahed Khan. "The Role of Landscape Architecture Profession In Two Different Contexts: A Comparative Review of the Practitioners in Responding To Climate Change Adaptation." Indonesian Journal of Planning and Development 1, no. 1 (September 24, 2014): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijpd.1.1.43-50.

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<p class="Abstract">In the context of rising concerns about global warming and sustainable development this paper examines the challenges of landscape architecture (LA) in developing and developed countries in handling climate change adaptation. The paper aims to find how the LA institutes define their professionals’ roles in dealing with society and environment. It seeks to focus on the professionals’ involvement in climate change adaptation programs in Indonesia and Australia. The paper seeks to determine how contextual factors such as institutional roles and types of prevalent governance systems shape the development of landscape architecture discipline and its professional capability with respect to other related built environment professions (architecture and planning). The websites of the ISLA (Indonesian Society of Landscape Architects) and the AILA (Australian Institutes of Landscape Architects) are examined and analysed from the perspective of professional principles of the International Federation of Landscape Architects (IFLA). The aim is to determine the LA practitioners’ awareness and approaches in handling climate change challenges in various roles and capabilities. It has found that the professional institute in Australia has been involved in the educational program to equip their practitioner members to have a basic knowledge and further application of climate change adaptation in their design and planning projects; whereas in Indonesia the practitioners are actively involved in community capacity building to increase people’s awareness and participation in mitigating the climate change at local as well as regional levels. Findings from the study seek to establish the universality of the LA profession and its relevance in both developed and developing countries.</p>
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Kuper, Rob. "Travel-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions from American Society of Landscape Architects Annual Meetings." Landscape Journal 38, no. 1-2 (2019): 105–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/lj.38.1-2.105.

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UEHARA, Misato. "Forecasted roles of landscape architects in society based on IFLA Europe's educational guidelines." Journal of The Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture 87, no. 1 (May 11, 2023): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5632/jila.87.14.

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Geng, Xiaorui. "Protection-Oriented Landscape Design Based on Ecological Priority under the Concept of Ecological Environment Monitoring." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2022 (October 8, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8906299.

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Monitoring the ecological environment and creating protective landscapes have as their main objectives the rational and successful integration of available resources in accordance with regional needs while conserving their core nature. Landscape architects need to not only fully comprehend it but also develop it in practice if they are to ensure the maintenance of landscape design and plant configuration. In order to protect the environment, this essay discusses protective landscape design while emphasising environmental monitoring. The research shows that the strategy outlined in this paper has the lowest cost. Choosing a landscape that is inexpensive to upgrade has a big advantage over the costs connected to this method of developing a landscape. According to the ecological priority concept of ecological protection, rational planning and allocation of urban green space are of great urgency and practical significance for enhancing people’s lives, fostering economic development, and creating a harmonious society in the current construction of a society focused on conservation.
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Mariné, Nicolás. "Los herederos de Olmsted: la American Society of Landscape Architects y la difícil definición del paisajista moderno." Cuaderno de Notas, no. 20 (July 31, 2019): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.20868/cn.2019.4260.

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ResumenEn la actualidad, varios teóricos del paisaje han notado una crisis continuada en la identidad profesional de la arquitectura del paisaje. Este problema, de hecho, cuenta ya con una larga trayectoria que nos lleva hasta el punto en que Frederick Law Olmsted, uno de los creadores de Central Park, concibió la profesión. Partiendo de las intuiciones mostradas en publicaciones recientes, este artículo trata las dificultades que tuvo la American Society of Landscape Architects (ASLA), la primera organización oficial de paisajistas, para definir la arquitectura del paisaje como una profesión moderna. Para explorar esta idea se han consultado los documentos originales que la ASLA produjo desde el momento de su fundación hasta la mitad del siglo XX, almacenados en uno de los archivos históricos de la Biblioteca del Congreso de Estados Unidos y que, hasta el momento, no han sido publicados en su mayor parte. Una lectura crítica de estos documentos muestra los conflictos y complicaciones que tuvo la sociedad para definir un ámbito profesional y un perfil concreto de cara al público.AbstractIn current times, several landscape theorists have noticed a persistent crisis in the professional identity of landscape architecture. Actually, this problem has a long history that can be traced back to when Frederick Law Olmsted, one of the creators of New York’s Central Park, conceived the profession. Following some of the ideas that recent publications have hinted at, in this paper we look into the difficulties that the American Society of Landscape Architects (ASLA), the first official organization of its kind, went through during the early attempts to define landscape architecture as a modern profession. To do this, we have consulted the original documents that the ASLA produced between its foundation and the middle of the 20th century. These are currently stored in the Library of Congress of the United States and some of them remain unpublished up until now. A critical reading of these records highlights the conflicts and complications in defining the field of landscape architecture and building a specific public profile.
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Bluestone, Daniel. "Framing Landscape While Building Density:." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 76, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 506–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2017.76.4.506.

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In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Chicago developers, architects, and residents defined a new residential vernacular: brick courtyard apartments, which massed units in low-rise buildings around landscaped courtyards, often open to the street. These buildings accommodated higher levels of residential density and seemingly did the opposite as well—preserved and cultivated nature. The Chicago courtyard apartment creatively negotiated the social and cultural tension between reverence for the iconic single-family house and an urban society increasingly occupying multiple-unit dwellings. The designs drew upon the interest in sunlight, air circulation, and natural landscape that influenced contemporary tenement house reform, urban hospital design, the small park and playground movement, and the rethinking of the dimensions and possibilities of residential lawns and gardens. In Framing Landscape While Building Density: Chicago Courtyard Apartments, 1891–1929, Daniel Bluestone looks closely at specific Chicago courtyard apartments, unpacking the design and cultural logic at play in their construction.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Boston Society of Landscape Architects"

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Crewe, Katherine. "Landscape architects and citizen participation: A study of the Boston Southwest Corridor (1976-1986)." 1997. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI9809322.

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This dissertation examines the responses of landscape architects to citizen participation while working on the Boston Southwest Corridor, a multi-purpose transportation project which involved landscape architects between 1976 and 1986. Conclusions were drawn from interviews with twenty-three landscape architects who were involved on the project, and interviews of an additional twenty consultants and residents. In addition, the source material relative to the project was researched. Findings reveal that landscape architects had responded in a variety of ways to citizen participation depending on the location, and the income level of the community involved: three areas were noted, the gentrifying and relatively affluent South End of Boston, the low income and high minority Roxbury/Mission Hill area, and the middle-income sections of Jamaica Plain and Forest Hills. Landscape architects' various approaches to design and design creativity are discussed, with assessments given as to their relations to citizen participation. The dissertation concludes with recommendations that landscape architects acknowledge the role of citizen participation as part of their practice, based not only on their experiences with the Southwest Corridor, but also on their professional priorities as revealed during interviews.
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CHI-TIEH-LANG and 紀鐵郎. "A Study of Landscape Architecture Research on the Grouping Principle of Gestalt Psychology -Using American Society of Landscape Architects Firm Award Cases." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38738738204962978410.

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碩士
大葉大學
設計研究所碩士在職專班
95
The study was to explore a Gestalt psychology in the landscape aesthetic perception application of space research, and to try to direct most of the human visual perception associated with the theory of Gestalt psychology "grouping principle" explore the beauty of the landscape, and based on analysis and interpretation of a good space created by the main factor. In the overall study was an analysis of the United States Association of Landscape Architecture (ASLA) winner of the actual landscape designs, Grouping principles to meet the actual case for professional practitioners questionnaire surveys and analysis are summarized in the research results, for the landscape design profession, as the future design and planning of reference. This study purpose of the study was to : Objective 1 : Analysis and finishing Gestalt psychology and the theory of visual perception component factors. Objective 2 : To explore the professional landscape designers of space Gestalt principle of personal preference whether basic background differences. Objective 3 : To explore the different professional landscape designer for the space grouping principle perceptions and preferences circumstances. Objective 4 : To evaluate the impact on the landscape of professional designers space preferences of the key principles of grouping, and its importance, Accordingly for the design sector as a design reference. Key Words : Gestalt psychology, grouping, the garden landscape, the United States Association of Landscape Architects (ASLA)
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Books on the topic "Boston Society of Landscape Architects"

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Southworth, Susan. The Boston Society of Architects' AIA guide to Boston. 2nd ed. Chester, Conn: Globe Pequot Press, 1992.

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100 years of landscape architecture: Some patterns of a century. Washington, DC: ASLA Press, 1999.

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1950-, Paine Cecelia, ed. Fifty years of landscape architecture: The Canadian Society of Landscape Architects, 1934-1984 : proceedings of the 1984 50th jubilee Congress. Guelph, Ont: University of Guelph = Université de Guelph, 1998.

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American Society of Landscape Architects., ed. Product profiles and directory: The official resource guide of the American Society of Landscape Architects. Washington, D.C: American Society of Landscape Architects, 2002.

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American Society of Landscape Architects. Transactions of the American Society of Landscape Architects, 1909-1921. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2018.

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Pond, Bremer Whidden, Theodora Hubbard, and American Society of Landscape Architects. Transactions of the American Society of Landscape Architects, 1909-1921;. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2018.

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Pond, Bremer Whidden, Theodora Hubbard, and American Society of Landscape Architects. Transactions of the American Society of Landscape Architects, 1909-1921;. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2018.

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The Prairie Spirit in Landscape Gardening (American Society of Landscape Architects Centennial Reprints series). University of Massachusetts Press, 2002.

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ed, Wagner Cheryl. Annual Meeting Proceedings [of the] American Society of Landscape Architects, 1996. American Society of Landscape Architects, Washington, D.C, 1996.

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Zaitzevsky, Cynthia. Frederick Law Olmsted and the Boston Park System. Belknap Press, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Boston Society of Landscape Architects"

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Tian, Runjia. "Suggestive Site Planning with Conditional GAN and Urban GIS Data." In Proceedings of the 2020 DigitalFUTURES, 103–13. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4400-6_10.

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AbstractIn architecture, landscape architecture, and urban design, site planning refers to the organizational process of site layout. A fundamental step for site planning is the design of building layout across the site. This process is hard to automate due to its multi-modal nature: it takes multiple constraints such as street block shape, orientation, program, density, and plantation. The paper proposes a prototypical and extensive framework to generate building footprints as masterplan references for architects, landscape architects, and urban designers by learning from the existing built environment with Artificial Neural Networks. Pix2PixHD Conditional Generative Adversarial Neural Network is used to learn the mapping from a site boundary geometry represented with a pixelized image to that of an image containing building footprint color-coded to various programs. A dataset containing necessary information is collected from open source GIS (Geographic Information System) portals from the city of Boston, wrangled with geospatial analysis libraries in python, trained with the TensorFlow framework. The result is visualized in Rhinoceros and Grasshopper, for generating site plans interactively.
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"The Boston Society of Architects (BSA)." In The Grants Register 2018, 165. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-94186-5_217.

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"The Boston Society of Architects (BSA)." In The Grants Register 2019, 167. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-95810-8_223.

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Clark, Justin T. "Epilogue." In City of Second Sight, 198–208. University of North Carolina Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469638737.003.0008.

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By the end of the antebellum period, Bostonians’ habit of idealizing the urban landscape was yielding to the new transatlantic fashion of realism. Rather than idealize the city, realist writers and artists such as Winslow Homer documented it in detached and comprehensive detail. The declining commitment to a collective and idealized way of seeing can be read in a variety of domains, including art criticism, psychology, and even ophthalmology. The epilogue explains the rise of realism in Boston in terms of the development of middle class cultural institutions, suburbanization and geographic stratification. Less concerned with how Bostonians saw, a new generation of reformers and censors (such as the Watch and Ward Society) became exclusively preoccupied with what Bostonians saw.
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Haderer, Margaret. "Short-Lived Great Berlin : Tabula Rasa and the Reinvention of Nature (1945– 1949)." In Rebuilding Cities and Citizens. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland: Amsterdam University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463724944_ch03.

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In post-WWII Berlin, utopias of nature dominated discourses on urban and societal renewal. Among architects and planners, the bombing of Berlin was widely perceived as ‘history’s auto-correction’. Plans were made for further destroying the nineteenth-century industrial metropolis to replace it with a decentralized city landscape [Stadtlandschaft]. What sounds politically innocent was in fact an ideological battleground. Conservatives turned towards nature to seek guidance for rebuilding natural hierarchies. Progressives conceived of nature as a source of inspiration for a more egalitarian, democratic society. With the onset of the Cold War, references to nature receded into the background. Yet, as an urban form, the decentralized city had an afterlife on both sides of the Wall – with different normative implications.
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Conference papers on the topic "Boston Society of Landscape Architects"

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Gardiner, Fiona. "Yes, You Can Be an Architect and a Woman!’ Women in Architecture: Queensland 1982-1989." In The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. online: SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a4001phps8.

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From the 1970s social and political changes in Australia and the burgeoning feminist movement were challenging established power relationships and hierarchies. This paper explores how in the 1980s groups of women architects actively took positions that were outside the established professional mainstream. A 1982 seminar at the University of Queensland galvanised women in Brisbane to form the Association of Women Architects, Town Planners and Landscape Architects. Formally founded the association was multi-disciplinary and not affiliated with the established bodies. Its aims included promoting women and working to reform the practice of these professions. While predominately made up of architects, the group never became part of the Royal Australian Institutes of Architects, it did inject itself into its activities, spectacularly sponsoring the Indian architect Revathi Kamath to speak at the 1984 RAIA. For five years the group was active organising talks, speakers, a newsletter and participating in Architecture Week. In 1984 an exhibition ‘Profile: Women in Architecture’ featured the work of 40 past and present women architects and students, including a profile of Queensland’s then oldest practitioner Beatrice Hutton. Sydney architect Eve Laron, the convenor of Constructive Women in Sydney opened the exhibition. There was an active interchange between Women in Architecture in Melbourne, Constructive Women, and the Queensland group, with architects such as Ann Keddie, Suzanne Dance and Barbara van den Broek speaking in Brisbane. While the focus of the group centred around women’s issues such as traditional prejudice, conflicting commitments and retraining, its architectural interests were not those of conventional practice. It explored and promoted the design of cities and buildings that were sensitive to users including women and children, design using natural materials and sustainability. While the group only existed for a short period, it advanced positions and perspectives that were outside the mainstream of architectural discourse and practice. Nearly 40 years on a new generation of women is leading the debate into the structural inequities in the architectural profession which are very similar to those tackled by women architects in the 1980s.
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Strugova, Galina Nikolaevna, and Natalia Rudolfovna Sungurova. "Landscaping of the territory of preschool educational institutions as an important factor in the development and upbringing of children." In III All-Russian Scientific Conference with International Participation "Science, technology, society: Environmental engineering for sustainable development of territories". Krasnoyarsk Science and Technology City Hall, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47813/nto.3.2022.6.710-716.

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Landscaping and landscaping of preschool educational institutions (pre-school) performs various functions: recreational, aesthetic, protective, cognitive, developmental, wellness, camouflage. The territory adjacent to the kindergarten should be safe for children, have a good rest and proper development. And first of all, green spaces will contribute to this: trees, shrubs, flower crops and herbaceous vegetation. Landscaping of the territory of preschool educational institutions is an important and responsible task assigned to landscape architects, since it is necessary to strictly comply with all regulatory requirements for specialized objects of landscape architecture. Plants containing poisonous and toxic substances in their organs, small edible stone fruits, thorns and thorns, species that can cause allergic reactions should not be used. The space in which a child develops largely determines the future worldview, lays the foundations of a careful attitude to nature, forms aesthetic taste.
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Raxworthy, Julian. "A Story of Two Titles: The Torrens System and Parcel 702, Adelaide." In The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. online: SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a4023p41ye.

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Although the catchment - the topographically defined edge where “all rainfall… drains naturally … or is directed to by human intervention towards … the catchment outlet [which may be immediately a creek, but ultimately is the ocean] ” – is the most significant boundary for ecological function of landscapes, Raxworthy has argued that property boundaries and land tenure make it such that “landscape pattern is as much an emergent quality of capitalism as it is propensity[y] of [the landscape.” Despite its role in establishing the pattern of the landscape, landscape architects tend to treat property boundary as a given that is almost invisible when every act they do reacts to it in some way, necessitating, Raxworthy continues, a theorising of land tenure in landscape architecture. I hope to continue Raxworthy’s project in this paper by examining the celebrated model of contemporary land titling – the Torrens System – in its place of origination – Adelaide – and explore the relationship between landscape, people and land titling. Two of the things Adelaide is most famous for might seem complimentary but are actually contradictory: the Torrens System of title (which Atkinson, quoting Greg Taylor, calls ““South Australia’s most successful intellectual export.”” ) and the first successful determination Native Title in a capital city of Australia. Developed by Robert Richard Torrens, the “Real Property Act (1858)” (which subsequently became known as Torrens Title, or the Torrens System) and “simplify[ied] the Laws relating to the transfer and encumbrance of freehold and other interests in land,” by creating a centralised registration system of actual land ownership, rather than simply deeds, removing potentials for contestation. In the developing world the Torrens System has been a very important tool in helping secure land title in post-colonial countries “[becoming] the norm in both Anglophone and Francophone colonial Africa,” yet, as Leonie Kelleher has argued, the Torrens System effectively eclipsed the previous sovereignty of Aboriginal people in the very place of its creation.
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Rolla, Candida, Marco Moro, and Monica Naretto. "The Shape of Knowledge: University Campuses as Historic Urban Landscapes through Experiences of the University of Auckland and Politecnico di Torino." In The 39th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. PLACE NAME: SAHANZ, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a5039pw5a8.

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This paper interconnects the diachronic development of two academies at geographical antipodes: the University of Auckland, Aotearoa New Zealand, and the Politecnico di Torino, Italy, in sharing the apparent contradiction between the words “urban” and “campus” at the crossroads of urban design, modern architectural tradition and historic urban landscape, critically tied with contemporary debates. Offering readings of selected sites for each campus that encapsulate socio- economic developments, urban and architectural morphologies, and cultural landscapes’ international reputations, the paper draws from a hybrid methodological approach that combines the global guidelines of the UNESCO Historic Urban Landscape approach, focused on the preservation of the layers of heritage in the urban context, to the urban planning reading of programmes and achievements of the modern age in complex integration of urban history and academic physical spaces. In particular, it explores the contribution and influences of architects, urban planners, heritage conservation experts, decision-makers and community representatives within such developments. The ultimate goal is to bring together historical and spatial inquiry towards a critical practice. On the one hand, it reveals a stimulating counter-history of a model university campus that is the site of cross-cultural exchanges rather than a colonisation template to be easily exported or imported. On the other hand, two antipodal university centres with endemic divergences – but comparable international appeal – appear as key representatives of the urban dimension and history of their hosting cities with clear projects, shaping strategies according to opportunities, limits and contingencies.
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Dunham, Laura. "“The Moral of these Pictures:” New Zealand’s Early Urban Reform Movements in Lantern Lectures." In The 39th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. PLACE NAME: SAHANZ, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a5018pv8ke.

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One of the threads linking together the early twentieth-century urban reform movements of city beautifying, garden city/suburb and town planning is the use of lantern slides and their ubiquitous projection device, the magic lantern. Along with newspapers, pamphlets and posters, lantern slides were an essential tool across each of these movements, presenting and framing the objectives promoted by their enthusiastic leaders and enabling the broad dissemination of their ideas via images projected to audiences in public lectures. Yet our understanding of how lantern media operated in these contexts has been restricted by the lack of extant lantern slide collections and a long-standing view of the medium’s redundancy compared to newer forms of projection media. Histories of how these campaigns were promoted in New Zealand are dominated by personalities such as Charles C. Reade, William R. Davidge and Samuel Hurst Seager, who are known to have frequently employed lantern slides for public lectures. However, the lantern lecture was utilised by a number of other figures and groups with common interests in these interrelated attempts to improve New Zealand’s urban landscape. Lantern lectures engendered, and were evidence of, the intersections of ideas, meanings and relationships between audiences, politicians, architects, planners and other advocates from beyond these professions, such as Reade, who held sway over the Australasian town planning movement for many years. Looking at three lantern lectures between 1913 and 1923, this paper traces the effectiveness of the magic lantern medium and its traditions in facilitating the translation and adaptation of progressive ideas in New Zealand’s urban landscape.
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Grisoni, Michela Marisa. "Modern attitudes towards vernacular architecture. Works by the Italians Luigi Angelini, Alberto Alpago Novello, Ottavio Cabiati, Alessandro Minali." In HERITAGE2022 International Conference on Vernacular Heritage: Culture, People and Sustainability. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/heritage2022.2022.15687.

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Among the many architects practicing between the two world wars, some looked at the so-called vernacular architecture - then referred to as traditional or local, primitive, and spontaneous - as a model of genuine functionality. For some of them, its revival also stands for a solid and reliable solution for preserving the continuity between past and present, local communities and their traditions, society and its generations, a place, and its materials. Architectural historians have widely explored the theme, highlighting figures, subjects, and currents. Nevertheless, investigation of the role of history and historic culture is still far from exhausted, not only for Modernists but also among the Avantgardes and the International Style too. As a response to this conference’s topics, some of the architects working in and around Milan the 20th century focused on the relationships between tradition and modernity. Here we look at some of their works to open a discussion on different scales: the landscape, the town, the building. We shall examine their proposals for a functionalist and modern design concept in traditional terms: the Mediterranean colonial house will illustrate the research by Alberto Alpago Novello and Ottavio Cabiati on local architecture; the modern pre-Alpine house proposed by the engineer Luigi Angelini for the Bergamo valleys and the building materials chosen by the architect Alessandro Minali show their respect for each place. The conclusions will – one hopes - lead to talking about typological and constructive building features, materials, and traditional techniques as a tool for preservation.
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Scientific Committee, EAAE-ARCC-IC. "EAAE-ARCC International Conference & 2nd VIBRArch: The architect and the city. Vol. 2." In EAAE-ARCC International Conference & 2nd VIBRArch. Valencia: Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/eaae-arcc-ic.2020.13832.

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Contemporary thinking regarding architecture is nowadays rather dispersed. But most authors totally agree in the characteristics of the modern subject who inhabits it. This subject is rational, employs several logics and language resources, has articulated complex societies and organizational structures and has created cities to meet and grow. This anthropological relation between architecture and city has gone through different stages in recent times. In the first half of the twentieth century, cities took the initiative by means of their experts as a direct extension of a society which was questioning many aspects of obedience. However, the second half of the twentieth century was marked by a more acquiescent temper, with profitability and productivity in the foreground. As a result, their remarkable growing often has blurred them, habitational products are not connected with social subjects and development initiative is taken by productive sectors. Facing this situation, architecture has recently made a move and has retaken the initiative leaded by a third revisionist generation which employs different cultural variables such as alterity, applied sociology or social activism. Debates on sustainability, landscape, environment, new documentary frameworks and mapping processes, have set the place for new reflections on: limits, borders, traces, surroundings-city interaction, compact or diffuse cities, and many more. Along with such a themed view new topics such as revisiting the rural, have emerged. This third way has collaterally connected with new parameters derived from committed activism such as cooperation, development, third world, urban overcrowdings, residual fabrics, refugee camps, and others which have incorporated new material and strategic discourses on recycling, crowdfunding or low-cost. The profusion of divisions of the problem has characterized a time of fragmented tests, with a noticeable loss of general perspective and where the architects’ responsibility about the cities has again broken through but in a fairly hesitant and slow way. Against this background, a fourth and contemporary and critical generation is characterized by the cohesion of speeches, positions and approaches. With an inclusive, transversal and revisionist nature, incorporates and revisits concepts such as feminism, gender, childhood, shelter, migration, wealth, transversality, glocality, interculturality, multiculturality and many more. Hence, we nowadays face the challenge of refounding the concept of city for the future generations, subjected to the duality of the inherited city and its expansion, to the duality of what is consigned and what is missing. The 2020 edition of the EAAE-ARCC International Conference to be held in Valencia, Spain, along with the 2nd edition of the Valencia International Biennial of Research in Architecture will welcome keynote speakers and papers that explore the future of cities and the regained leading role that architects should have in its design.
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