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Hojman, Horacio, Rishi Rattan, Rob Osgood, Mengdi Yao, and Nikolay Bugaev. "Securing the Emergency Department During Terrorism Incidents: Lessons Learned From the Boston Marathon Bombings." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 13, no. 4 (March 12, 2019): 791–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2018.148.
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ABSTRACTTerrorist incidents that target hospitals magnify morbidity and mortality. Before a real or perceived terrorist mass casualty incident threatens a hospital and its providers, it is essential to have protocols in place to minimize damage to the infrastructure, morbidity, and mortality. In the years following the Boston Marathon bombings, much has been written about the heroic efforts of survivors and responders. Far less has been published about near misses due to lack of experience responding to a mass casualty incident resulting from terrorism. After an extensive review of the medical literature and published media in English, Spanish, and Hebrew, we were unable to identify a similar event. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported experience of a bomb threat caused evacuation of an emergency department in the United States while actively responding to multiple casualty terrorist incidents. We summarized the chronology of the events that led to a bomb threat being identified and the subsequent evacuation of the emergency department. We then reviewed the problematic nature of our response and described evidence-based policy changes based on data from health care, law enforcement, and counterterrorism. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:791–798)
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Wieboldt, Dennis J. "Natural Law Appeals as Method of American-Catholic Reconciliation: Catholic Legal Thought and the Red Mass in Boston, 1941–1944." U.S. Catholic Historian 41, no. 4 (September 2023): 27–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cht.2023.a914863.
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Abstract: Amid the Second World War, the Boston College Law School and the Archdiocese of Boston co-sponsored the first Red Mass in New England. Though this liturgy had been celebrated for centuries to invoke divine guidance for legal administrators, the Red Mass tradition emerged in Boston during a particular American Catholic intellectual movement. This movement encouraged Catholic and non-Catholic legal practitioners to predicate their understandings of the American legal tradition on the Natural Law philosophy of Thomas Aquinas and, purportedly, the Founding Fathers. By employing the movement's intellectual resources during Red Mass sermons, Boston's Catholic leaders believed they could demonstrate the philosophical Americanness of U.S. Catholicism. Chiefly responsible for the Red Mass tradition's emergence and sustained influence in Boston was Father William J. Kenealy, S.J., Boston College Law School's dean (1939–1956). The history of the first four Red Masses in Boston suggests that the experience of wartime significantly informed Catholic leaders' postwar conviction that appealing to the Natural Law could offer an effective medium for American-Catholic reconciliation.
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D'Andrea, Shawn M., Eric Goralnick, and Stephanie R. Kayden. "2013 Boston Marathon Bombings: Overview of an Emergency Department Response to a Mass Casualty Incident." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 7, no. 2 (April 2013): 118–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2013.53.
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Delmont, Matthew. "Television News and the Making of the Boston Busing Crisis." Journal of Urban History 43, no. 2 (March 2017): 218–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0096144216688279.
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People outside of Boston came to know and care about the city’s “busing crisis” because television news featured the story regularly and this essay examines how television news framed this story for national audiences. This essay illuminates the production techniques of a medium that framed the “busing crisis” in Boston for millions of national viewers. First, I examine how the television coverage of Boston busing in the mid-1970s focused on reports, analysis, and predictions regarding antibusing protests and violence. This day-to-day focus on current and emergent scenes of crisis ignored the history of desegregation efforts since the 1960s, including those that received television coverage in earlier years, like the community-funded Operation Exodus program to bus black children to schools in other neighborhoods and the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare’s suspension of federal school aid to Boston for violating the 1964 Civil Rights Act. Second, I consider how television news framed the use of force in the Boston busing story. Much of the footage from Boston focused on confrontations between antibusing protestors and authorities from the Boston Police and other law enforcement. Third, I look at how television news offered viewers background reports on two of the places at the center of the busing story, South Boston and Charlestown. Finally, I analyze how local television news programs in other cities presented busing in Boston as a failed policy and regularly replayed the archived footage from Boston to underscore efforts to educate viewers on the importance of upholding the law and avoiding violence. Boston was neither the first nor the last city to witness violent resistance to school desegregation, but extensive television news coverage fixed Boston as the emblematic busing crisis and shaped popular conceptions of the history of busing for school desegregation.
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Fischer, Anne Gray. "“The Place is Gone!”: Policing Black Women to Redevelop Downtown Boston." Journal of Social History 53, no. 1 (2019): 7–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jsh/shy112.
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Abstract In the late 1960s and early 1970s, Boston politicians and urban managers sought to reverse the city’s postwar capital drain by luring white consumer dollars and private investment. Their recovery plan featured the Adult Entertainment District (AED), which was established to contain burgeoning sexual commerce while demonstrating the vibrancy and economic viability of the city’s downtown core. At the same time, the changing spatial dynamics of interracial sexual commerce, Black economic isolation, and discriminatory practices citywide drew increasing numbers of Black women onto downtown streets. The presence of Black women in formerly white downtown spaces ignited a powerful law-and-order narrative linking race, sex, and violence. Black women became oversignified with sexual deviance and violent criminality amid the urban crisis. The development of the AED experiment and the raced and gendered crime panic posed unique challenges and opportunities for the Boston Police Department (BPD). Like urban police departments nationwide in the early 1970s, the BPD was embroiled in a battle for its authority. But the deeper motivations of economic turnaround guiding the AED ultimately served to strengthen the BPD’s legitimacy. As the separate goals of political officials and law enforcement authorities converged—to redevelop downtown Boston, and to secure urban authority, respectively—the intensifying policing and spatial banishment of Black women in downtown Boston became central to urban recovery strategies. This history demonstrates that aggressive, racially charged morals policing was deployed to prepare the city for an influx of white capital.
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Harmon, Mark G. "Book Review: Abramsky, S. (2007). American Furies: Crime, Punishment, and Vengeance in the Age of Mass Imprisonment. Boston: Beacon Press. 240 pp." International Criminal Justice Review 20, no. 1 (February 16, 2010): 92–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734016809331751.
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Buono, Isabella, and Aaron Taylor. "MASS SURVEILLANCE IN THE CJEU: FORGING A EUROPEAN CONSENSUS." Cambridge Law Journal 76, no. 2 (July 2017): 250–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197317000526.
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IS the mass collection of communications metadata legally equivalent to surveillance of the content of those communications? If so, does EU fundamental rights law have any bearing on its application? If it does, what is the appropriate relationship between the Court of Justice of the European Union and Member States’ courts in balancing in the competing interests at stake? These questions came before a Grand Chamber of the CJEU in Joined Cases C-203/15 and C-698/15, Tele2 Sverige AB v Post- och telestyrelsen and Secretary of State for the Home Department v Tom Watson and Others ECLI:EU:C:2016:970 (Watson).
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King, Sanna, and Nicole L. Bracy. "School Security in the Post-Columbine Era: Trends, Consequences, and Future Directions." Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 35, no. 3 (April 15, 2019): 274–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043986219840188.
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Harsh and reactionary school security measures, including policing, surveillance technology, and emergency preparedness strategies increased substantially in the two decades following the mass shooting at Columbine High School in 1999. These strategies have limited empirical support for preventing violence in general and mass shootings, in particular. Instead, they have proven to be problematic, often doing more harm than good by criminalizing student misbehavior, contributing to negative school climate, and having psychological impacts on students’ perceptions of safety. In recent years, many schools have started to explore promising alternative approaches, including threat assessment, positive behavioral interventions, restorative practices, and improving relationships between students and adults. This article reviews the trends in school security from the 1990s through the present, drawing on national data from the U.S. Department of Education and scholarly research on school security. Our specific focus will be on the changes in school security that have been made to prevent or minimize the impact of potential school shooters. We also discuss the consequences of the school security boom and the future directions to ensure school safety.
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Malik, Meryem, Pamela Pan, and Bianca Lepe. "An interview with Ryan Morhard: On biosecurity and pandemic preparedness." MIT Science Policy Review 3 (August 29, 2022): 165–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.38105/spr.1wwaawcidb.
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MIT Science Policy Review spoke with Mr. Ryan Morhard about the ties between bioeconomy development and pandemic preparedness. Mr. Morhard is the Director of Policy and Partnerships at Ginkgo Bioworks, a Boston-based synthetic biology company. He obtained a J.D. at the Washington University in St. Louis School of Law. Formerly, Mr. Morhard has served as the Head of COVID Action Platform and Lead of Global Health Security at the World Economic Forum. From 2014 to 2016, he was the Branch Chief of International Partnerships at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, where he engaged with international partners to improve collective capacities and handle public health emergencies. We spoke with Mr. Morhard’s about his professional experience in biosecurity, insights in capacity building, and outlooks about leveraging advancements in biotechnology and the growing bioeconomy to address future pandemics and other significant societal and environmental challenges.
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Covington, Michele W., Lin Huff-Corzine, and Jay Corzine. "Battered Police: Risk Factors for Violence Against Law Enforcement Officers." Violence and Victims 29, no. 1 (2014): 34–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-12-00022.
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Although we hear more about violence committed by the police, violence against police officers is also a major problem in the United States. Using data collected from the Orlando, Florida Police Department files, this study examines situational variables, offender characteristics, and officer demographics that may correlate with violence directed at law enforcement officers. Logistic regression results indicate that battery against one or more police officers is significantly more likely when multiple officers are involved, when offenders are women, when offenders are larger than average as measured by body mass index (BMI), and when offenders are known to have recently consumed alcohol. We close with a discussion of policy implications and directions for future research.
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Karchmer, Cliff, Pam Tully, Leah Devlin, Frank Whitney, and Michael Sage. "New Pressures/New Partnerships: Public Health and Law Enforcement." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 31, S4 (2003): 52–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2003.tb00750.x.
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The, Police Executive Research Forum is completing a major initiative that encourages police chiefs to formalize working relationships with emergency medical personnel. The effort is sponsored by the U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Assistance as a demonstration with the goal of preventing recurring violence that eventually leads to homicide. The initiative originally involved a consortium of emergency room clinicians, emergency medical service (EMS) personnel, as well as police executives. The collaboration initially focused on arguably preventable dimensions of domestic violence and homicide. However, after “9/11” and the ensuing anthrax crisis, the project developed into a three-step draft interactive protocol for earlier police intervention in situations involving possible deaths and mass casualties. With this shift in the project, Police Executive Research Forum’s (PERF) principal collaborators shifted from emergency clinicians to public health practitioners.
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Fiffer, Melissa, Choong-Min Kang, Weeberb J. Requia, and Petros Koutrakis. "Long-term impact of PM2.5 mass and sulfur reductions on ultrafine particle trends in Boston, MA from 1999 to 2018." Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 70, no. 7 (July 2, 2020): 700–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2020.1766597.
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Lee-Lewandrowski, Elizabeth, Daniel Corboy, Kent Lewandrowski, Julia Sinclair, Steven McDermot, and Theodore I. Benzer. "Implementation of a Point-of-Care Satellite Laboratory in the Emergency Department of an Academic Medical Center." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 127, no. 4 (April 1, 2003): 456–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2003-127-0456-ioapsl.
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Abstract Context.—Emergency department (ED) overcrowding has reached crisis proportions in the United States. Many hospitals are seeking to identify process reengineering efforts to reduce crowding and ED patient length of stay (LOS). Objectives.—To investigate the impact of a point-of-care testing (POCT) satellite laboratory in the ED of a large academic medical center. Setting.—The ED of the Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass. Design and Outcome Measures.—Evaluation of physician satisfaction, turnaround time (TAT), and ED LOS before and after implementation of a POCT laboratory. ED LOS was measured by patient chart audits. TAT was assessed by manual and computer audits. Clinician satisfaction surveys measured satisfaction with test TAT and test accuracy. Results.—Blood glucose, urine human chorionic gonadotropin, urine dipstick, creatine kinase–MB, and troponin tests were performed in the ED POCT laboratory. Test TAT declined an average of 87% after the institution of POCT. The ED LOS decreased for patients who received pregnancy testing, urine dipstick, and cardiac markers. Although these differences were not significant for individual tests, when the tests were combined, the decreased LOS was, on average, 41.3 minutes (P = .006). Clinician satisfaction surveys documented equivalent satisfaction with test accuracy between the central laboratory and the POCT laboratory. These surveys also documented dissatisfaction with central laboratory TAT and increased satisfaction with TAT of the POCT program (P < .001). Conclusions.—The POCT satellite laboratory decreased test TAT and decreased ED LOS. There was excellent satisfaction with test accuracy and TAT.
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Muñiz, Ana. "Secondary ensnarement: Surveillance systems in the service of punitive immigration enforcement." Punishment & Society 22, no. 4 (February 11, 2020): 461–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1462474519900325.
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Relatively little scholarly work explores US interior immigration enforcement through a surveillance lens. This article asks how US immigration authorities have designed and deployed surveillance systems to facilitate enforcement practices, specifically regarding the construction of immigrant subjects and interior apprehension and deportation. Drawing upon a qualitative analysis of 291 Department of Homeland Security documents authored between 1995 and 2017, this paper examines the evolution of a primary immigration enforcement information system currently called the Enforcement Integrated Database. The analysis reveals that over the course of 33 years, the US Government has transformed Enforcement Integrated Database from a case management system into a mass surveillance system. Specifically, I argue that immigration authorities have deployed secondary information collection in the Enforcement Integrated Database to expand (1) the volume of people under surveillance, called ensnarement targets and (2) the opportunities to categorize people as criminal or dangerous, called ensnarement opportunities. As a result, Department of Homeland Security amplifies punitive enforcement against broader populations of noncitizens and potentially, citizens as well.
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Sapiro, Miriam. "Mass Expulsion in Modern International Law and Practice. By Jean-Marie Henckaerts. The Hague, Boston, London: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers/Kluwer Law International. Pp. xviii, 247. Index. Fl 150; $105.00; £67.50." American Journal of International Law 90, no. 3 (July 1996): 539–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2204088.
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Marcu, Gabriela, Iris Lin, Brandon Williams, Lionel P. Robert, and Florian Schaub. ""Would I Feel More Secure With a Robot?": Understanding Perceptions of Security Robots in Public Spaces." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 7, CSCW2 (September 28, 2023): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3610171.
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Robots are increasingly being deployed as security agents helping law enforcement in spaces such as streets, parks, or shopping malls. Unfortunately, the deployment of security robots is not without problems and controversies. For example, the New York Police Department canceled its contract with Boston Dynamics in response to backlash from their use of Digidog, an autonomous robotic dog, which sparked fears in the public. However, it is unclear to what extent affected communities have been involved in the design and deployment process of robots. This is problematic because, without input from community members in the processes of design and deployment, security robots are likely to not satisfy the concerns or safety needs of real communities. To gain deeper insight into people's perceptions of security robots - including both potential benefits and concerns - we conducted 17 semi-structured interviews addressing the following research questions: RQ1. What characteristics do people ascribe to security robots? RQ2. What expectations do people have about the function and role of security robots? RQ3. What are people's attitudes toward the use of security robots? Our study offers several contributions to the existing literature on security robots.
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Anil Akulwar, Avinash Rinait, Chandrasekhar Mahakalkar, and Dhruba Hari Chandi. "A Prospective Study of Use of Modified Triple Test (MTT) in Diagnosing Breast Mass." Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology 15, no. 3 (May 17, 2021): 883–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.37506/ijfmt.v15i3.15423.
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Breast cancer is one of the most common cause of cancer related mortality and morbidity worldwide. A palpable breast mass in young women is a common cause of anxiety. It is indeed a frightful experience for the patient to directly undergo an invasive procedure like biopsy of breast mass. Hence the need for such diagnostic tool which is noninvasive or minimally invasive, quick, reliable, and also cost effective. Hence this study was undertaken to study the use of modified triple test (MTT) in the diagnosis of palpable breast mass. Methodology- The study was a prospective study done in the department of General Surgery in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Central India from January 2020 to December 2020. A total of 150 patients who presented with palpable breast mass were included. All the patients were investigated at first by sonomammography then FNAC. Either core biopsy or excisional biopsy of breast mass was done in all the cases. Findings were recorded and data analysis was done. Breast mass histopathology (HPE) report was considered to be gold standard and all the results were compared with HPE of the same breast mass. Observation and results: Out of total 150 patients studied, 148 were females and 2 were males. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of MTT is comparable with histopathology of the same breast mass. Conclusion: MTT is alone a reliable investigation for diagnosing palpable breast mass and biopsy of breast mass should be reserved only for doubtful cases.
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Vyunitskaya, Evgeniya V. "GRADUATES FROM DEPARTMENT OF ORIENTAL LANGUAGES ACCORDING TO QUESTIONNAIRE OF PRAGUE COMMITTEE FOR CELEBRATION OF THE 175TH ANNIVERSARY OF MOSCOW UNIVERSITY." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Eurasian Studies. History. Political Science. International Relations, no. 2 (2023): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2686-7648-2023-2-52-60.
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Questionnaire of Prague Committee for Celebration of the 175th Anniversary of Moscow University is a unique mass data source of personal origin. It consists of evidence gathered from graduates from both Russian and emigration educational centers. Among the data, there are 442 answers from graduates from Russian universities. The majority of them represent universities of Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kazan’, Kharkov, Warsaw, Odessa, Kiev, Yuriev. The data creates a unique source for studying social adaptation and employment of graduates from Russian universities abroad. More than a half of the respondents were students of Law Department; there were also graduates from departments of Medicine, History and Philology, Physics and Mathematics. Abroad, nearly all the medics managed to find jobs in medicine. Graduates from both History and Philology and Physics and Mathematics were successfully employed as teachers and professors. Law Department graduates turned out to be the least homogenous group. Nevertheless, the majority of them managed to find jobs as clerks, teachers and professors, journalists. However, there was also a small fifth group consisting of 4 graduates from Department of Oriental Languages of St. Petersburg University. Their few stories can’t make a basis for serious generalizations, but they still show several regularities. For instance, all the 4 graduated from the university in the 20th century; all the 4 chose European countries to start a new life. Their stories demonstrate what a combination of factors, like skills and luck, determined the fates of successful emigrants.
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Rezaee, Sohbat, Manouchehr Avatef Fazeli, and Arefeh Hedayati. "A Case of 27-Year-Old Localized Solitary Neurofibroma of the Base Tongue; A Case Report." Hospital Practices and Research 7, no. 2 (May 18, 2022): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/hpr.2022.16.
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Introduction: Neurofibromas, benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors, are the most common among neural lesion. Neurofibromas are rare in head and neck location, although it may involve any part of oral cavity. However, tongue is the most common region. Case Presentation: A 27 year-old man was admitted to Otorhinolaryngology Department due to a swelling in the base of his tongue, since two weeks before. This mass was painless, and without any associated symptoms. He was suffered from a mild eating disorder, too. He had no any positive past medical history, and only a large soft 6×5 cm mass was found at the base of his tongue without bleeding in the oral cavity. Excisional biopsy was performed for him under general anesthesia and the tumor was easily enucleated. The final diagnosis was neurofibroma. After the diagnosis of neurofibroma, the physical reexamination revealed a series of café au lait spots on his skin. Conclusion: the neurofibroma should be considered by otorhinolaryngologist, as a differential diagnosis of tongue mass, and more accurate physical examination are recommended for better management.
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Ahmad Ridzuan, Syahmi Syahiran, Zaid Omar, and Usman Ullah Sheikh. "A Review of Content-Based Video Retrieval Techniques for Person Identification." ELEKTRIKA- Journal of Electrical Engineering 18, no. 3 (December 19, 2019): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/elektrika.v18n3.196.
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The rise of technology spurs the advancement in the surveillance field. Many commercial spaces reduced the patrol guard in favor of Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV) installation and even some countries already used surveillance drone which has greater mobility. In recent years, the CCTV Footage have also been used for crime investigation by law enforcement such as in Boston Bombing 2013 incident. However, this led us into producing huge unmanageable footage collection, the common issue of Big Data era. While there is more information to identify a potential suspect, the massive size of data needed to go over manually is a very laborious task. Therefore, some researchers proposed using Content-Based Video Retrieval (CBVR) method to enable to query a specific feature of an object or a human. Due to the limitations like visibility and quality of video footage, only certain features are selected for recognition based on Chicago Police Department guidelines. This paper presents the comprehensive reviews on CBVR techniques used for clothing, gender and ethnic recognition of the person of interest and how can it be applied in crime investigation. From the findings, the three recognition types can be combined to create a Content-Based Video Retrieval system for person identification.
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Makmur, Makmur. "KEPAILITAN PT. TOZI SENTOSA AKIBAT PANDEMI COVID-19." Jurnal Hukum Mimbar Justitia 8, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.35194/jhmj.v8i1.2792.
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Activity restrictions due to the Covid-19 pandemic have affected economic activity nationally. Restrictions on community activities affect business activities which then have an impact on the economy. The economic impact during the covid period will only be covered if the crisis can be ended before causing mass business bankruptcy. Indonesia's global economy is experiencing uncertainty and is leading to an economic recession due to the Covid-19 pandemic. However, currently there are several business activities that have been declared bankrupt due to the Covid19 pandemic. One of the companies that experienced bankruptcy during the Covid-19 pandemic was the retail company Centro Department Store. Keywords: Bankruptcy; Business; Economy; Law; Pandemic.
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Comnick, Jeff, Luke Rogers, and Kent Wheiler. "Increasing Mass Timber Consumption in the U.S. and Sustainable Timber Supply." Sustainability 14, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14010381.
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Mass timber products are growing in popularity as a substitute for steel and concrete, reducing embodied carbon in the built environment. This trend has raised questions about the sustainability of the U.S. timber supply. Our research addresses concerns that rising demand for mass timber products may result in unsustainable levels of harvesting in coniferous forests in the United States. Using U.S. Department of Agriculture U.S. Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) data, incremental U.S. softwood (coniferous) timber harvests were projected to supply a high-volume estimate of mass timber and dimensional lumber consumption in 2035. Growth in reserve forests and riparian zones was excluded, and low confidence intervals were used for timber growth estimates, compared with high confidence intervals for harvest and consumption estimates. Results were considered for the U.S. in total and by three geographic regions (North, South, and West). In total, forest inventory growth in America exceeds timber harvests including incremental mass timber volumes. Even the most optimistic projections of mass timber growth will not exceed the lowest expected annual increases in the nation’s harvestable coniferous timber inventory.
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Bakura, Joseph. "Book Review: Steve Herbert, Too Easy to Keep: Life-Sentenced Prisoners and the Future of Mass Incarceration. First Edition. Oakland, CA: University of California Press. 2019. ISBN: 978- 0520300514." Theory in Action 17, no. 1 (January 31, 2024): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3798/tia.1937-0237.2405.
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In his book, Too Easy to Keep, Steve Herbert a Mark Torrance Professor and Department Chair at the University of Washington Law, Societies, and Justices explores the consequences of the steady increase in lifesentence laws and the fiscal and human costs associated with implementation and application of these laws. This book specifically focuses on the journey of life-sentenced prisoners in search of atonement and how their projects of self-actualization and desires for redemption help transform and improve the institution in which they live.
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Albert, Anaïs. "Working-Class Consumer Credit During the Belle Époque: Invention, Innovation, or Reconfiguration?" Annales (English ed.) 67, no. 04 (December 2012): 731–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2398568200000431.
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During the Belle Époque, widespread access to credit for the working classes led to the establishment of an economy of mass consumption. This phenomenon, however, represented more than a simple shift in scale, completely transforming the social order of the credit system, from economic identification to the authorization process. This article examines various aspects of the credit relationship through two documented cases: the credit organization created by the Parisian department store Dufayel for the working classes and reforms introduced by the January 12, 1895 law regarding workers’ garnishment. The transformation of the credit system resulted in the joint emergence of new forms of mediation and distantiation in addition to new arenas in which debt figured—whether in commerce, court or the workplace.
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Dit Momar Talla Ndongo, Mouhamed, and Fatou Dame Loum. "LE GENRE AU PRISME DE LA TERRITORIALISATION DES POLITIQUES PUBLIQUES SPORTIVES AU SENEGAL LE PARADOXE DAKAROIS." International Journal of Advanced Research 12, no. 06 (June 30, 2024): 754–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/18937.
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Sport is one of the pillars of public policy in Senegal, as defined in law n°84-59 on the sports charter. It is based on three pillars: mass practice, physical education and competitive sport. The consideration of sport by local authorities is a significant reality. However, the field of sport in Senegal is still marked by disparities and inequalities, both horizontal and vertical (Diatta, 2007), in all sectors in general and particularly in mass sport where inequalities are especially evident from a gender perspective. Indeed, apart from a socio-cultural heritage more or less hostile to the practice of sport, especially instituted due to the norms of hegemonic femininity, traditional and religious norms (Ndongo, 2017), it is clear that the inadequacies linked to the territorialisation of sports policies seem to constitute a significant determinant of these inequalities. This article proposes to analyse the territorialisation of sports policies from the point of view of their relationship with gender in the department of Dakar. The aim is to reflect on the means, strategies and actions mobilised to promote competitive sport among women in Senegal.
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Detkov, Alexey P., and Maria A. Starodubtseva. "Socio-cultural preconditions for the cult of aggression and destructive processes among young people." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Pravo, no. 46 (2023): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/22253513/46/2.
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The article analyses the socio-cultural preconditions of the cult of aggression and destructive processes in the modern youth environment. The authors point out that the ongoing global hybrid war of information is using the levers of mass culture for its own purposes. The Internet has become one of its main spokespeople and its main advantage - the high speed of spontaneous dissemination of information. In essence, it is about the purposeful formation of a new type of terrorist by the ideologists of terrorist organizations through the distortion of consciousness and worldview. Further the authors specify the marked chronological sequence of application to Russian youth of technologies of management of masses from 2014 to 2021. Such technologies have been organically incorporated into mass Internet culture, not least because of the new ideal of young people - the anti-hero who challenges the system and destroys their enemies exclusively by force. In society today there is a desire for individualism, for isolation. Instead of critical analysis, cliched thinking, born and bred by a crisis of ideals, dominates today. An example is the now booming genre of superhero cinema. Bright heroes in equally bright and grotesque costumes battle some alien evil, destroying half of their own world along the way. It's a dumbing down of sensuality, a domination of form over content, a cliched shell that hides a reverse morality of permissiveness. And this is one of the tenets of terrorist movements and destructive ideologies. In order to confirm these theses, the authors conducted criminological research aimed at identifying the causes of the distortion of the moral image of modern society and moral categories in mass culture. The relationship between the moral values of individuals and their impact on the crime situation in society was studied. The study was conducted among teachers and students of the College of Altai State University. The respondents were also teachers from the Department of Criminal Law and Criminology at the Law Institute and the Department of Social Philosophy, Ontology and Theory of Knowledge at the Institute of Mass Communication, Philosophy and Political Science. A total of 330 respondents, aged 18-25 (students), 30-45 (teachers) were randomly sampled. The results confirmed the authors' hypothesis that the cult of power propagated by the mass media provoked a spontaneous social contamination, which was met by a surge of violent acts of a terrorist nature. Hybrid confrontation between states and uncontrolled, and often encouraged, terrorist activities in the digital sphere have given rise to an aggressive ideal of the hero of our time. Combating this triad requires a solid ideological basis in the anti-terrorist sphere, created through the joint efforts of the state and civil society institutions. The authors declare no conflicts of interests.
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Frick, Katherine A., Philip J. Agostinelli, Julia F. Swinford, Mick E. Harris, C. Brooks Mobley, and JoEllen Sefton. "Age-Related Declines in Health and Fitness among Law Enforcement Officers Compared to Population Norms." Healthcare 12, no. 7 (March 24, 2024): 714. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12070714.
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Physical fitness is mandatory for public safety officers. Police officers experience elevated levels of cardiovascular disease and associated risks making fitness a peak concern. Officers often have more marked fitness level decreases with aging compared to the general population. This cross-sectional study investigated the cardiovascular health, muscular strength/endurance, and mobility of officers in a medium-sized police department (N = 83); (4 females, 79 males), age (36.82 ± 10 years), height (179.02 ± 7.7 cm), body mass (95.1 ± 16.29 kg) compared to American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) guidelines. The findings revealed that police officers begin their careers with above average strength but demonstrate greater declines with age than the general population. Officers also demonstrated cardiovascular fitness below ACSM standards and significant decreases with aging compared to the general population. Body fat percentages (p = 0.003) and BMI (p = 0.028) surpassed recommendations, with higher than normal increases with age. Maximum vertical jump decreased as officers age (p = 0.004). These findings support the implementation of a targeted physical fitness regimen and the resources for a program designed to improve current health and fitness, reduce the greater than expected decreases with aging, and aim to optimize occupational performance and the safeguarding of the lifelong health and well-being of officers.
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Yachnuk, M., O. Zendyk, A. Vertsimaha, and Y. Yachniuk. "Sports and mass work during the period of martial status in Bukovina." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 1(159) (January 30, 2023): 155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2023.1(159).37.
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The article analyzes mass sports events held in Bukovina for children evacuated from the war zone. Since the start of the full-scale invasion by Russia, more than 7.7 million Ukrainians have become internally displaced persons. They were forced to leave their place of permanent residence, and are currently receiving assistance. The western region of Ukraine, since the very beginning of the war, has been hospitably receiving immigrants, who are trying to provide them with attention and comfort, and involve children not only in school classes, but also in sports. Federations of various sports and various sports clubs extended a helping hand to displaced children in Bukovina at such a difficult time. Chernivtsi communal institutions of children's and youth sports schools have resumed their educational and training work, where migrant children can practice free of charge in eight children's and youth sports schools in the city of Chernivtsi and the region. The Department of Youth and Sports of Chernivtsi VRA, together with the Bukovyna police officers, organized a sports festival for children evacuated from the war zone. The police officers introduced the small migrants to the specifics of their work, demonstrated the official vehicle, uniform attributes and told how they take care of people's safety and peace. The law enforcement officers also explained to the children what risks may be waiting for them in everyday life and how to avoid danger. The little boy looked at the special police vehicles, the car with interest, willingly tried on the equipment and took pictures with the guests in uniform.
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Barker, John P. "Managing Compliance with U.S. Treasury Department OFAC Obligations: Even If Your Business Is Exclusively Outside the U.S." Global Trade and Customs Journal 5, Issue 5 (May 1, 2010): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2010021.
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The U.S. has long used trade and economic sanctions as elements of its national security and foreign policy. These sanctions target individuals and countries that represent national security threats to the U.S. and affect a wide range of transactions, both within the U.S. and beyond borders. Understanding these regulations and the transactions they cover is critical to anyone participating in international business transactions. Indeed, if you engage in international business from outside the U.S., there is a good chance that your work will involve U.S. companies, subsidiaries of U.S. companies, U.S. banks, or U.S. citizens and permanent residents. Or you may yourself be a U.S. citizen, U.S. permanent resident or an employee of a U.S. subsidiary located outside the U.S. In these cases, some of your activities may be regulated by the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC). These regulations have a surprisingly broad reach, even covering certain activities that take place entirely outside the U.S. For the international business and legal representative, it is essential to understand the scope and coverage of the OFAC regulations and recognize how they can apply to transactions outside the U.S. Failure to comply with the regulations can result in personal liability as well as U.S. sanctions on your company or organization, limiting your ability to transact business in the U.S. and with U.S. companies. In general, the OFAC regulations serve to restrict certain types of trade with countries or entities of concern. OFAC has a variety of country-specific regulations. Two of the most well known are the Cuban Assets Control Regulations (31 C.F.R. Part 515) and the Iranian Transaction Regulations (31 C.F.R. Part 560). These regulations restrict trade with Cuba and Iran in many significant ways. Another well-known set of restrictions are those imposed on individuals or organizations of concern to the U.S., the so-called “Specially Designated Nationals” (SDNs). The names of these individuals and entities appear on OFAC’s SDNs list. The list includes organizations such as al-Qaeda, Hezbollah, and Hamas, as well as particular individuals, including known terrorists, supporters of weapons of mass destruction programs, and drug kingpins. This article highlights ten key aspects of the OFAC regulations for the international business representative operating predominantly outside the U.S. Our list focuses on the particular risks to non-U.S. persons, and U.S. persons operating outside the U.S.
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Hick, John L., Ralph J. Frascone, Katherine Grimm, Merle Hillman, Jayne Griffith, Michael Hogan, Rebecca Trotsky-Sirr, and Jane Braun. "Health and Medical Preparedness and Response to the 2008 Republican National Convention." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 3, no. 4 (December 2009): 224–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/dmp.0b013e3181c5b4a8.
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ABSTRACTObjective: National security special events occur yearly in the United States. These events require comprehensive advance planning for health and medical contingencies in addition to law enforcement concerns. The planning for and impact of the Republican National Convention (RNC) on the City of St Paul and the Minneapolis–St Paul metropolitan area is described.Methods: Descriptive analysis of events was provided by the authors based on their planning and operational experiences. Daily data were gathered from area hospitals, emergency medical services agencies, the National Weather Service, federal medical teams, and the Minnesota Department of Health to capture the impact of the RNC on emergency department activity, nonemergency surgery, emergency medical services run volumes, patient visits to onsite and offsite medical clinics, and general hospital occupancy in the metropolitan area.Results: There were no epidemiological signal events. Weather was not extreme. Confrontations between protestors and law enforcement resulted in frequent use of riot-control agents. Protestors sought medical care from “street medics” and their affiliated free clinics in preference to usual medical facilities. Emergency departments close to the event venue reported decreased patient volumes. Hospitals close to the venue reported significantly decreased nonemergency surgical case volumes. Local hospitals implemented access controls and in 1 case, shut down ventilation systems due to riot-control agent deployment in the streets outside. Emergency medical services volumes were near average, with the exception of St Paul Fire Department on the day of a major protest march.Conclusions: Planning and operational response for the RNC consumed large amounts of time and resources. The RNC had minimal patient impact on the health care system and in fact caused significant volume decreases at hospitals proximate to the venue. Although contingencies available for a mass casualty event were not needed, they must continue to be available for all such events. Health and medical preparedness and funding is not adequately detailed in the planning framework for national security special events, and this should be a focus for future events. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2009;3:224–232)
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Sims Blackwell, Brenda. "Power‐control and social bonds: exploring the effect of patriarchy∗Presented at the annual meeting of the American Society of Criminology, Boston, MA, November, 1995. Funding for this research was provided by the College of Arts and Sciences, University of Oklahoma, as part of the Department of Sociology's annual Oklahoma City Survey." Criminal Justice Studies 16, no. 2 (June 2003): 131–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0888431032000115655.
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Glow, Steven D., Vincent J. Colucci, Douglas R. Allington, Curtis W. Noonan, and Earl C. Hall. "Managing Multiple-Casualty Incidents: A Rural Medical Preparedness Training Assessment." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 28, no. 4 (April 18, 2013): 334–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x13000423.
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AbstractObjectiveThe objectives of this study were to develop a novel training model for using mass-casualty incident (MCI) scenarios that trained hospital and prehospital staff together using Microsoft Visio, images from Google Earth and icons representing first responders, equipment resources, local hospital emergency department bed capacity, and trauma victims. The authors also tested participants’ knowledge in the areas of communications, incident command systems (ICS), and triage.MethodsParticipants attended Managing Multiple-Casualty Incidents (MCIs), a one-day training which offered pre- and post-tests, two one-hour functional exercises, and four distinct, one-hour didactic instructional periods. Two MCI functional exercises were conducted. The one-hour trainings focused on communications, National Incident Management Systems/Incident Command Systems (NIMS/ICS) and professional roles and responsibilities in NIMS and triage. The trainings were offered throughout communities in western Montana. First response resource inventories and general manpower statistics for fire, police, Emergency Medical Services (EMS), and emergency department hospital bed capacity were determined prior to MCI scenario construction. A test was given prior to and after the training activities.ResultsA total of 175 firefighters, EMS, law enforcement, hospital personnel or other first-responders completed the pre- and post-test. Firefighters produced higher baseline scores than all other disciplines during pre-test analysis. At the end of the training all disciplines demonstrated significantly higher scores on the post-test when compared with their respective baseline averages. Improvements in post-test scores were noted for participants from all disciplines and in all didactic areas: communications, NIMS/ICS, and triage.ConclusionsMass-casualty incidents offer significant challenges for prehospital and emergency room workers. Fire, Police and EMS personnel must secure the scene, establish communications, define individuals’ roles and responsibilities, allocate resources, triage patients, and assign transport priorities. After emergency department notification and in advance of arrival, emergency department personnel must assess available physical resources and availability and type of manpower, all while managing patients already under their care. Mass-casualty incident trainings should strengthen the key, individual elements essential to well-coordinated response such as communications, incident management system and triage. The practice scenarios should be matched to the specific resources of the community. The authors also believe that these trainings should be provided with all disciplines represented to eliminate training “silos,” to allow for discussion of overlapping jurisdictional or organizational responsibilities, and to facilitate team building.GlowSD, ColucciVJ, AllingtonDR, NoonanCW, HallEC. Managing multiple-casualty incidents: a rural medical preparedness training assessment. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2013;28(4):1-8.
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McDonald, Cary C., Max D. Koenigsberg, and Sharon Ward. "Medical Control of Mass Gatherings: Can Paramedics Perform Without Physicians On-site?" Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 8, no. 4 (December 1993): 327–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00040590.
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AbstractObjective:Evaluate the experience of paramedic personnel at mass gatherings in the absence of on-site physicians.Design:Retrospective review of patients evaluated by paramedics with emergency medical services (EMS) medical control.Setting:First-aid facility operated by paramedics at an outdoor amphitheater involving 32 (predominantly rock music) concerts in accordance with the Chicago EMS System, June through September 1990.Participants:A total of 438 patients (≤0.1% on-site population) were evaluated.Interventions:Presentations to the first-aid facility were viewed as if the patient was presenting to an ambulance. Transportation to an emergency department was strongly recommended for all encounters. Time from presentation to the first-aid facility until disposition was limited to 30 minutes in the absence of on-line [direct] medical control. Refusal of care was accepted. On-line [direct] medical control with the EMS resource hospital was initiated as needed. Off-line [indirect] medical control consisted of weekly reviews of all patient records and periodic site visits.Results:Of the 438 patients, 366 (84%) refused further care, including 31 patients (7%) who refused advanced life support (ALS) level care. Seventy-two patients (16%) were transported; 37 by ALS and 35 by basic life support (BLS) units. On-line [direct] medical control was initiated in all ALS patients that were transported as well as for those who refused care. No known deaths or adverse outcomes occurred, based on lack of inquiries or complaints from the local EMS system, emergency departments receiving transported patients, law enforcement agencies, 9-1-1 emergency response providers, venue management, or security. No request for medical records from law firms have occurred. Problems noted initially were poor documentation and a tendency not to document all encounters (e.g., dispensing band-aids, tampons, earplugs, etc.). Concerns noted included: initial and subsequent vital signs, times of arrival, interventions, dispositions, and patient conditions of refusal. Specific problems with documentation of refusals at disposition included: appropriate mental status, speech, and gait; release with an accompanying family member or friend; and parental notification and approval of care for minors. There also was an initial tendency not to establish on-line [direct] medical control for ALS refusal or BLS medicolegal issues.Conclusions:The medical system configuration modeled after practices of prehospital care, demonstrates physicians did not need to be onsite when adequate EMS medical control existed with less than 30 minutes on-scene time.
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Wilcox, R. Bruce, Jerald C. Nelson, and Ray T. Tomei. "Heterogeneity in affinities of serum proteins for thyroxine among patients with non-thyroidal illness as indicated by the serum free thyroxine response to serum dilution." European Journal of Endocrinology 131, no. 1 (July 1994): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1310009.
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Wilcox RB, Nelson JC, Tomei RT. Heterogeneity in affinities of serum proteins for thyroxine among patients with non-thyroidal illness as indicated by the serum free thyroxine response to serum dilution. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;131:9–13. ISSN 0804–4643 Some patients with non-thyroidal illness (NTI) have sera with characteristics suggesting decreased functional affinity of thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) for T4: increased T4 free fraction, decreased total T4 to TBG ratio, and a fall in free T4 with serum dilution greater than theoretical predictions assuming normal affinity. These studies aimed to further characterize this phenomenon. According to the law of mass action binding protein affinity for T4 can be estimated from the response of free T4 to progressive serum dilution. Free T4 responses in 25 normal controls and in 7 congenital TBG deficient controls resembled the predictions from the law of mass action. Among 25 of 38 medical intensive care unit patients, responses were intermediate between normals and TBG deficiency. Responses in the other 13 NTI were consistent with the presence of a dissociable inhibitor. In this subgroup, total T4 was depressed, both free T4 and TSH were elevated, and there was a positive correlation between TSH and free T4 (r2 = 0.41, p < 0.02). Conclusions: (i) decreased affinities of serum proteins for T4 consistent with binding inhibitor(s) are found in some patients with NTI; (ii) there is an association of these severely altered affinities with reversal of the expected free T4–TSH relationship. R Bruce Wilcox, Department of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350 USA
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See, Alfred Pokmeng, Louise E. Wilkins-Haug, Carol B. Benson, Wayne Tworetzky, and Darren B. Orbach. "Percutaneous transuterine fetal cerebral embolisation to treat vein of Galen malformations at risk of urgent neonatal decompensation: study protocol for a clinical trial of safety and feasibility." BMJ Open 12, no. 5 (May 2022): e058147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058147.
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IntroductionAlthough endovascular techniques have improved outcomes in vein of Galen malformations (VOGM), there is still a high rate of morbidity and mortality, particularly among cases with decompensation in the neonatal period. The dimension of the draining venous sinus on fetal imaging correlates with the risk of neonatal decompensation. In fetuses within this high-risk group who do not have end-organ injury, there is a theoretical therapeutic opportunity to reduce the arteriovenous shunt before the normal physiological changes of birth precipitate decompensation. This study investigates the safety and potential benefit of treating a VOGM in utero, which has not been previously studied.Methods and analysisThis study aims to enroll 20 subjects: pregnant women with a fetus harbouring a high-risk VOGM (defined on MRI by a narrowest medial-lateral width greater than 8 mm in the draining venous sinus). Unfortunately, the subset of fetuses with in utero end-organ injury is ineligible, because the late stage of pathology is not amenable to recovery from a cerebrovascular intervention, likely not even in utero. This study aims to alter the physiology before such developments accrue.At or after 23 weeks of gestation, a transuterine transposterior fontanelle needle puncture to the torcular allows ultrasound-guided deployment of coils to embolise the draining venous malformation.This study has 97.5% power to detect major safety events at 30% or greater, and 80% power to detect a reduction in the rate of neonatal intervention from 80% to 30%. In the staged study design, an interval evaluation after 11 patients invokes study termination if safety events occur above the allowed threshold.Ethics and disseminationThe institutional review boards at Mass General Brigham and Boston Children’s Hospital (BCH) reviewed and approved this protocol. The BCH Department of Radiology and a patient family philanthropic donation fund this study. The trial results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific conferences.Trial registration numberNCT04434729
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Groma, Jelena. "Preventing and combating hate crimes: Modern approach." SHS Web of Conferences 51 (2018): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20185101009.
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A sufficient body of research, originally American and British, as well as practice has been accumulated in the last decades in the field of hate crime. Modern understanding of the issue distinguishes multinational and global character of the harm appearing due to hate crime, thus setting up topicality of this crucial problem. This paper is aimed at description of measures of effective prevention of hate crime and general considerations for an effective strategy of hate crime prevention and combating proposed by well recognized specialists in the field, mentioning prioritizing the response to hate crime within the police department, establishing multi-agency task forces, training police officers, responding to hate-crime victims’ needs, increasing police presence and attention in high-risk neighbourhoods, monitoring hate groups and tracking hate incidents, reaching out to minority communities, engaging educational institutions and the mass media. Reporting on recent development of Latvian Criminal Law regulation related to hate crime author sets up some specific problematic issues and discusses solution options.
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Kolotkov, M. B. "Revolutionary Terror in Russia in 1906—1907: Historical and Legal Aspect." Lex Russica, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 159–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2019.146.1.159-173.
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The paper presents an analysis of legal technologies of counteraction to terrorism in Russia in 19061907. The complex of special organizational and legal measures taken by the Russian authorities at the beginning of the XX century in order to counter the terrorist threat is studied. Special attention is given to both law-making and law-enforcement activities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, which continued to carry out systematic work to suppress the activities of terrorist groups. An attempt is made to establish key legal obstacles and restrictions to build an effective mechanism to combat terrorist crimes. It is noted that by the beginning of 1906 the method of organizing terrorist activities of revolutionary organizations had undergone significant changes: terror in Russia had become decentralized, and the procedure for making a decision on the implementation of another terrorist act had changed. The political component of the Party’s activities faded into the background, as the mass nature of terrorist practices by revolutionaries was not actually analyzed in any way, and the terror itself became more opportunistic and consistent with the realities of the revolutionary time. During this period, Russia began to register the facts of terrorist acts against members of pro-government organizations and structures of patriotic orientation: cases of terrorist acts against representatives of “legalized” political societies (primarily Black-Hundred organizations) became more frequent, which could provoke the emergence of mass inter-party protests. At the same time, the analysis of the revolutionary situation in Russia at that time shows that the majority of the known revolutionary parties made attempts to organize a mass armed uprising. Attention is focused on the emergence in the terrorist environment of a new tactic of political struggle through terrorist attacks — the organization of guerrilla warfare. Particular attention is given to the study of the problem of effective management of the Secret Agency of the Police Department.
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Martin-Ortega, Olga. "Prosecuting War Crimes at Home: Lessons from the War Crimes Chamber in the State Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina." International Criminal Law Review 12, no. 4 (2012): 589–628. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718123-01204006.
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The development of an international criminal system to provide justice for international crimes must be complemented by national processes of prosecution and adjudication. In order to guarantee international standards of justice it is necessary to support national efforts of accountability by creating infrastructure and capacity in those countries where the atrocities took place. The War Crimes Chambers of the State Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and its accompanying Special Department for War Crimes of the Prosecutor's Office, represent one of the most salient examples of these complementary efforts. In their six years of existence these institutions have accumulated a solid record of prosecutions, developed a considerable practice and established themselves solidly within the Bosnian judicial system and the international network of hybrid and national tribunals. This article considers these years of practice and the lessons that can be learnt for future national processes of prosecution of mass atrocity after conflict.
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OA, Matei. "Incidental Finding of Late Metastasizing Melanoma to the Duodenum by PET-CT: About a Case Report." Gastroenterology & Hepatology International Journal 8, no. 1 (February 16, 2023): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/ghij-16000204.
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Three years later after primary resection from skin melanoma with right inguinal lymphadenectomy, a Caucasian 62-year old female patient underwent at Helios Hospital Pforzheim investigations because of persistent high grade fever episodes. A very high suspicious mass of tumor was incidental identified and described in the descending duodenum and head of pancreas after PET-CT scan. Upper endoscopic examination with ultrasonography showed a 30 mm tumor mass arising from the descending part of the duodenum, which had invaded the head of pancreas and caused loop obstruction. Endoscopic biopsy revealed neoplastic cells with melanin granules and positive for Melan-A/SOX10 staining, indicating the presence of a metastatic malignant melanoma. It showed no BRAF-Mutation. These additional staining’s were evaluated after surgery. The colonoscopy showed not tumor finding. After tumor board procedure we strongly recommended surgical resection, and the patient accepted surgery. She underwent in Department of General Surgery at Helios Hospital Pforzheim the pylorus preserving pancreatico-duodenectomy. In the surgically resected Whipple specimen, the mass was 5x4 cm large, solid and ulcerated. Histologically the tumor infiltrated all duodenal layers and the tissue around them. Immunocytochemistry and electronic microscopy findings confirmed the diagnosis of malignant melanoma; similar to the skin specimen from the right thigh; therefore, the duodenal lesion was considered to be a metastasizing skin melanoma from the right thigh. The post operatory evolution was good, and was released from the hospital after 13 days. She underwent immunotherapy with Ipilimumab and Nivoluma. No recur was registrated during 5 months close follow-up. The history of the patient began three years earlier. She underwent a resection of skin melanoma. The initial skin melanoma was localized on anterior side of the right thigh (lower limb). At that time pathological specimen confirmed as malignant melanoma Clark level IV, pT2aN1bM0 as TNM-Staging, positive for BRAF-Wild-type by Mutation Analysis. Our patient also underwent another removal of skin melanoma from the back area just a couple of months after the first surgery. Pathological results from the second specimen confirmed as skin melanoma Clark level II, pT1a as TNM-Staging. She received chemotherapy and heavy particle radiotherapy after surgery. No suspect mass was identified on regular follow-up during 12 months after primary operation. Recurrence was registrated in the scar on the right thigh (lower limb) and right inguinal site, two years later. No suspect mass was identified on follow-up CT-Scan’s from head, lung and abdomen. She received immunotherapy and no additional chemotherapy or radiotherapy
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Nguyen, Tiep Van. "Some comments on national policy of the republic of Vietnam under control of ngo dinh diem (1954 – 1963) for ethnic group in central highlands." Science and Technology Development Journal 16, no. 1 (March 31, 2013): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v16i1.1401.
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Due to the Highlands’ strategic location in terms of politics and military, after the enthronement, President Ngo Dinh Diem implemented the policy of nationalization to annex Highlands into the Territory of Republic of Vietnam. Ngo Dinh Diem Government carried out wrong policies regarding economy, depriving highland villages of the collective ownership of the land mass to perform settled agriculture and habitation, to build up strategic hamlets, all resulting in the unstabibility, disturbance and poverty of the minority communities. The government operated the policy of cultural assimilation in all aspects such as law, culture, education, etc.; at the same time, born the discrimination against public servants, officials, military officers in the Highlands leading to the conflict between the Highlands people, the government and even the Kinh people. The Department of Highlands Affairs, as an advisory body and national policy enforcer, didn’t fulfill its duty, but acting for formality. The consequences of the misguided policies of the Ngo Dinh Diem government was the mail reason leading to the struggling movement of Highlands peoples, making the Highlands’ issues of security and politics all the more unstable.
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Vinslav, Yu. "National industrial policy: issues of modern history, theoretical aspects of formation." Management and Business Administration, no. 4 (December 20, 2021): 4–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33983/2075-1826-2021-4-4-27.
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In the recent history of the Russian economy of the 1990s, the relevance of the formation of a special state industrial policy was not recognized. The policy was aimed at liberalizing prices and foreign economic activity, mass formed privatization and tight monetary policy. There were no signs of industrial growth in general and progressive changes in the industrial structure of production. The attempts of the industrial department and leading associative organizations to formulate the conceptual foundations of the state industrial policy were considered. Adopted in 2014 the federal Law on industrial policy, despite its generally constructive role, did not ensure the proper effectiveness of production processes. The article provides recommendations for clarifying a number of terms in the field of industrial policy. A typology of its types is proposed. Its types are characterized as open and closed, active and passive, vertical and horizontal, soft and hard. Theoretical approaches to the modernization of the current state industrial policy are substantiated. The necessity of having the Concept of national industrial policy as part of the documents of strategic planning of the economy is substantiated.
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Kunta, Naresh. "A STUDY ON ADNEXAL MASSES WITH ITS EVALUATION BY RISK OF MALIGNANCY INDEX." YMER Digital 21, no. 06 (June 20, 2022): 578–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.37896/ymer21.06/57.
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A prospective study was conducted in tertiary care hospital for six months in the gynaecology department. About 102 patients who met the study criteria were enrolled on the study. Most of the patients admitted were in the age group of 41-50 years and abdominal pain was the most common symptom. The most common risk factor is hypothyroidism (67.5%) among patient profiles recorded; uterine fibroid and cyst were the most common adnexal masses. The prevalence of adnexal masses was more in the age group of 31-40 years; many patients were treated with drug therapy. Hysterectomy and salpingectomy were the frequent types of surgery performed in our study. Among 102 patients, seven reported complications, and two were (risk of malignancy index) RMI above 200 scores, which had a positive correlation with the histopathological reports. Benign adnexal masses were most common in younger women. However, patients with malignancy were older and mostly postmenopausal. Age above 50 years, postmenopausal status, and high RMI were significantly associated with malignant adnexal masses. KEYWORDS: Adnexal mass, Benign, Malignancy, Postmenopausal, and Risk of malignancy index.
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Sokolova, Marina Vladimirovna, Ivan Vadimovich Listratov, and Dmitrii Il'ich Petrosyan. "Legality of University' Students Behavior." Юридические исследования, no. 4 (April 2022): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-7136.2022.4.37896.
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The subject of the study is the legality of students' behavior in Vladimir branch of the RANEPA (University). The students under conducted research were chosen form economic, managerial and legal departments of University. The author examines in detail such aspects of the topic as: the permissibility of violating laws in the mass consciousness of students, the reasons for committing illegal acts and the factors that deter from violating the law. The work also reveals such aspects of the problem as: the frequency of applying to specialists for legal assistance, the main difficulties faced by young people in obtaining and applying legal information, the reasons for refusing to protect their own rights. Special attention is paid to the specialty of legal behavior of students from law department of University. As a result of the study, the following conclusions were obtained: ignorance of the law often leads to the commission of illegal actions, there is also a psychological nature of offenses when a crime is committed under the influence of feelings, emotions or "illegal acts committed for friendship". There are professional features of legal behavior. Students studying in the specialty "Judicial and prosecutorial activity" are more likely than others to think about preserving their positive reputation. A significant part of respondents are poorly oriented in the sources of obtaining legal information and do not always understand where to turn for help. A fifth of all respondents do not defend their rights. There is still a fairly high level of distrust towards the police.
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"When Law and Order Works: Boston's Innovative Approach to the Problem of Racial Violence." Crime & Delinquency 32, no. 2 (April 1986): 205–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128786032002005.
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Racial and ethnic violence continues to be a major problem in the United States. Boston, which experienced hightened racial turmoil since its desegregation process, presents an excellent case study of a police department that faced the problem in a straightforward manner. Traditional methods of classifying and investigating racial incidents were viewed as ineffective. The Boston Police Department developed an innovative approach to the handling of racially motivated crime, which involved implementing a departmentwide policy and creating a specialized police unit. This unit was highly successful in uncovering incidents that under traditional reporting methods appeared commonplace. Upon further examination, these incidents, taken together, indicated persistent and compelling patterns of racial animus. The uncovering of these incidents, the subsequent relabeling of them into “community disorders,” and the development of innovative strategies are described. Policy implications and recommendations are presented. Critics may question the allocation of police resources to a problem that on the surface may appear minor. However, racial violence viewed in the aggregate form has dramatic impact on the quality of life for the victim. A police department that recognizes the significance of this problem is making an important statement about the kind of society we are and what we as a nation stand for.
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Morabito, Melissa S., Jennifer Greif Green, Jenna Savage, Jill Battal, and Whitney Walker. "911 Usage by Boston Public Schools: A Researcher–Practitioner Partnership." Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice, May 5, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/police/paac115.
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Abstract To reduce police presence in schools, School Resource Officer programmes are being eliminated across the USA. However, police also become involved in schools through other routes—namely, in response to school calls to 911. This type of police involvement has generally been overlooked in prior studies of school use of police services. In addition, prior research has primarily relied on interview and survey data of school administrators. We describe a researcher–practitioner partnership created to address the limitations of this prior research and to answer foundational questions from one urban school district—Boston Public Schools (BPS)—about police involvement in schools through calls to 911. First, we discuss ongoing collaborative work conducted among the Boston Police Department (BPD), BPS, and academic partners. Next, we provide an example of how this partnership can address pressing questions identified by BPS by providing the results of an analysis of 911 calls. In particular, we examine the ways in which elementary versus secondary schools in the BPS system differ in their patterns of 911 usage across schools when requesting assistance from the BPD. This work provides an example of how researcher–practitioner partnerships can inform policy and practice in schools, and guide decision-making about school-based police services.
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Morabito, Melissa S., and Jenna Savage. "Examining Proactive and Responsive Outcomes of a Dedicated Co-Responder Team." Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice, May 13, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/police/paab029.
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Abstract The Boston Police Department (BPD) has adopted a Co-Responder approach to enhance their response to people with mental illnesses residing in the City of Boston. Because of resource constraints, the BPD does not have a dedicated car to respond to mental health-related calls. This means that while Co-Responding teams can call off on or be dispatched to calls known or suspected to have a mental health component based on nature code or a commonly visited address, they must also respond to more typical calls for service. Using grant funding, the BPD implemented a 1-month dedicated Co-Responder car pilot programme and collected data about all related encounters. Using these data, we explore the outcomes resulting from this evaluation. First, we discuss the development and implementation of the Co-Response model and dedicated car pilot in Boston. Secondly, we examine how the Co-Responder team spent its time during the dedicated car pilot programme and describe the outcomes of encounters with community members, with a focus on involuntary evaluations and commitments as well as the factors that predicted these particular outcomes. Results indicate that much of the Co-Response work is proactive and that formal dispositions, such as involuntary commitment and evaluation, are used sparingly. Finally, policy and practice implications are discussed.
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Hatchimonji, Justin S., Emna Bakillah, Allyson M. Hynes, Cristano M. Torres, Sabrina E. Sanchez, Mark J. Seamon, and Dane R. Scantling. "A Tale of Two Cities: Policing and Firearm Homicides in Boston and Philadelphia." Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, July 11, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ta.0000000000004008.
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Abstract Background Recent political movements have raised questions about the effectiveness of police funding, but the impact of law enforcement budgets on firearm violence is unknown. We hypothesized that department funding and measures of police activity would be associated with decreased shootings and firearm homicides (FH) in two major cities with different police funding patterns. Methods We collected data from these sources: district attorney’s offices, police departments, Federal Bureau of Investigation Uniform Crime Reporting program, the Centers for Disease Control, the Annual Survey of Public Employment & Payroll, and the American Community Survey. Data included demographics, police department budgets, number of officers, homicide clearance rates, firearms recovered, shootings, and FH, 2015-2020. Totals were normalized to population and number of shootings. We used panel linear regression to measure associations between policing variables, shootings and FH while adjusting for covariates. Results FH significantly increased in Philadelphia. In Boston the trend was less clear, though there was an increase in 2020. Police budget normalized to shootings trended towards a decrease in Philadelphia and an increase in Boston. The number of firearms recovered annually appeared to increase in Boston but peaked mid-study in Philadelphia. In multivariable analyses, police budget was associated with neither shootings nor FH. However, increased firearm recovery was associated with lower shooting (β = -.0004, p = 0.022) and FH (β = -.00005, p = 0.004) rates. Conclusion Philadelphia and Boston demonstrated differences in police funding, 2015-2020. While budget is not associated with shootings or FH, firearm recovery is, suggesting that removal of firearms from circulation remains key. The impact this has on vulnerable populations requires further investigation. Level of Evidence III, retrospective cross-sectional
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Hureau, David M., Anthony A. Braga, Tracey Lloyd, and Christopher Winship. "Streetwork at the crossroads: An evaluation of a street gang outreach intervention and holistic appraisal of the research evidence." Criminology, October 22, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1745-9125.12353.
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AbstractSpurred by the success of public health violence interventions, and accelerated by policy pressure to reduce violence without exacerbating overpolicing and mass incarceration, streetwork programs—those that provide anti‐violence services by neighborhood‐based workers who perform their work beyond the walls of parochial institutions—have positioned themselves as the most important non–law‐enforcement violence prevention option available to urban policy makers. Yet despite their importance, the state of the field seems difficult to interpret for academics and practitioners alike. In this article, we make several contributions that bring forth new findings and deliver new perspectives on streetwork as a violence reduction strategy. First, we offer an extended analytic review of the streetwork evaluation literature that connects the study of contemporary public health violence interventions to a preceding tradition of criminologically inspired streetwork studies. Second, we present the results of an impact evaluation of StreetSafe Boston (SSB)—a multiyear streetwork intervention that served 20 Boston gangs. We find that the SSB intervention had no detectable effect on violence among the gangs that it served. We conclude by offering a framework for understanding a field at multiple crossroads: past and present, proclaimed successes and failures, help and harm.
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"Buchbesprechungen." German Yearbook of International Law 63, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 839–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/gyil.63.1.839.
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Doris Angst and Emma Lantschner (eds.), ICERD. Internationales Übereinkommen zur Beseitigung jeder Form von Rassendiskriminierung. Handkommentar, Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, Baden-Baden 2020, 700 pages, ISBN 9783848745951. (Christina Binder, Chair for International Law and International Human Rights Law, Bundeswehr University Munich) Jochen von Bernstorff and Philipp Dann (eds.), The Battle for International Law: South-North Perspectives on the Decolonization Era, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2020, 496 pages, ISBN 9780198849636. (Sué González Hauck, Postdoctoral Scholar, German Center for Integration and Migration Research (DeZIM), Berlin) Marija Đorđeska, General Principles of Law Recognized by Civilized Nations (1922 – 2018): The Evolution of the Third Source of International Law through the Jurisprudence of the Permanent Court of International Justice and the International Court of Justice, Brill/Nijhoff, Leiden 2020, 728 pages, ISBN 9789004375062. (Janina Barkholdt, Associate Legal Officer, International Court of Justice) Marc Engelhart and Sunčana Roksandić Vidlička (eds.), Dealing with Terrorism: Empirical and Normative Challenges of Fighting the Islamic State, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2019, 296 pages, ISBN 9783428157990. (Malcolm Jorgensen, Non-Resident Fellow, Berlin-Potsdam Research Group, Freie Universität Berlin) Helene Ruiz Fabri et al. (eds.), International Judicial Legitimacy: New Voices and Approaches, Nomos, Baden-Baden 2020, 300 pages, ISBN 9783848767625. (Steven Wheatley, Professor of International Law, University of Lancaster) Bardo Fassbender (ed.), Key Documents on the Reform of the UN Security Council 1991 – 2019, Brill Nijhoff, Leiden/Boston 2020, 1444 pages, ISBN 9789004421738. (Bjarke Zinck Winther, Aalborg University) Muwon Hong, Die Grossraumtheorie von Carl Schmitt im Vergleich mit dem ostasiatischen Völkerrechtsverständnis, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2019, 440 pages, ISBN 9783428158065. (Robert Kolb, Professor of Public International Law, University of Geneva) Wolfgang Kahl and Marc-Philippe Weller (eds.), Climate Change Litigation, Beck/Hart/Nomos, München/Oxford/Baden-Baden 2021, 565 pages, ISBN 9783406743894. (Alexander Proelss, Chair in the International Law of the Sea and International Environmental Law, Public International Law, and Public Law, University of Hamburg) Marjan Peeters and Mariolina Eliantonio (eds.), Research Handbook on EU Environmental Law, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2021, 524 pages, ISBN 9781788970662. (Christina Voigt, Professor, Department of Public and International Law, University of Oslo) Emmanuel Roucounas, A Landscape of Contemporary Theories of International Law, Brill Nijhoff, Leiden/Boston 2019, 731 pages, ISBN 9789004385351. (Robert Kolb, Professor of Public International Law, University of Geneva)
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Wieboldt, Dennis. "Natural Law Appeals as Method of American-Catholic Reconciliation: Catholic Legal Thought and the Red Mass in Boston, 1941-1944." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4881134.
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