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1
Margha, Fatma, and Amr Abdelghany. "Bone bonding ability of some borate bio-glasses and their corresponding glass-ceramic derivatives." Processing and Application of Ceramics 6, no. 4 (2012): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pac1204183m.
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Ternary borate glasses from the system Na2O?CaO?B2O3 together with soda-lime-borate samples containing 5 wt.% of MgO, Al2O3, SiO2 or P2O5 were prepared. The obtained glasses were converted to their glass-ceramic derivatives by controlled heat treatment. X-ray diffraction was employed to investigate the separated crys?talline phases in glass-ceramics after heat treatment of the glassy samples. The glasses and corresponding glass-ceramics after immersion in water or diluted phosphate solution for extended times were characterized by the grain method (adopted by several authors and recommended by ASTM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectra to justify the formation of hydroxyapatite as an indication of the bone bonding ability. The influence of glass composition on bioactivity potential was discussed too.
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Marzouk, Mohamed, and Batal El. "In vitro bioactivity of soda lime borate glasses with substituted SrO in sodium phosphate solution." Processing and Application of Ceramics 8, no. 3 (2014): 167–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pac1403167m.
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Borate glasses with the basic composition 0.6B2O3?0.2Na2O?0.2CaO and SrO progressively substituting CaO were prepared and characterized for their bone-bonding ability. The obtained glasses were thermally treated and converted to their glass-ceramic derivatives. In this study, FTIR spectral analyses were done for the prepared glasses and glass-ceramics before and after immersion in a sodium phosphate solution for extended times. The appearance of two IR bands within the spectral range 550-680 cm-1 after immersion confirms the formation of hydroxyapatite. X-ray diffraction studies and scanning electron microscope analysis supported the obtained infrared spectroscopy results. The solubility test (measurements of the weight loss in aqueous sodium phosphate solution) was conducted for measuring the dissolution of both glassy and crystalline derivatives to find out the role of SrO. The corrosion behaviour of the glasses and glass-ceramics indicate the increase of weight loss with the increase of SrO content. Different suggested proposals were introduced to explain this abnormal behaviour.
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Buonsante, P., F. Massel, V. Penna, and A. Vezzani. "Glassy features of a Bose glass." Laser Physics 18, no. 5 (May 2008): 653–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1054660x08050174.
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Burdușel, Alexandra-Cristina. "Bioactive composites for bone regeneration." Biomedical Engineering International 1, no. 1 (September 30, 2019): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33263/biomed11.009015.
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Bone, the organ that separates vertebrates from other living beings, is a complex tissue responsible of mobility, body stability, organ protection, and metabolic activities such as ion storage. Ceramic materials are appropriate candidates to be used in the fabrication of scaffolds for bone healing. Biocompatible ceramic materials may also be created to deliver biologically active substances aimed at maintaining, repairing, restoring, or boosting the function of tissues and organs in the organism. Glass-ceramic materials furnish flexible properties appropriate for some particular applications. Because of the controlled devitrification and the evolution of variable dimensions of crystalline and glassy phases, glass-ceramics considerably overcome the lacunae found in glasses. A wide range of bioactive glass compositions had been developed since the early 1970s to make them appropriate for many clinical applications. Many bioactive ceramic composite materials attach to living bone through an apatite layer, which is developed on their surfaces in the living body. This paper reviews the most used bioactive ceramics for bone tissue regeneration, with specific accentuation on the material characteristics.
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Lee, Sungho, Fukue Nagata, Katsuya Kato, Takayoshi Nakano, and Toshihiro Kasuga. "Structures and Dissolution Behaviors of Quaternary CaO-SrO-P2O5-TiO2 Glasses." Materials 14, no. 7 (April 1, 2021): 1736. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14071736.
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Calcium phosphate glasses have a high potential for use as biomaterials because their composition is similar to that of the mineral phase of bone. Phosphate glasses can dissolve completely in aqueous solution and can contain various elements owing to their acidity. Thus, the glass can be a candidate for therapeutic ion carriers. Recently, we focused on the effect of strontium ions for bone formation, which exhibited dual effects of stimulating bone formation and inhibiting bone resorption. However, large amounts of strontium ions may induce a cytotoxic effect, and there is a need to control their releasing amount. This work reports fundamental data for designing quaternary CaO-SrO-P2O5-TiO2 glasses with pyro- and meta-phosphate compositions to control strontium ion-releasing behavior. The glasses were prepared by substituting CaO by SrO using the melt-quenching method. The SrO/CaO mixed composition exhibited a mixed cation effect on the glassification degree and ion-releasing behavior, which showed non-linear properties with mixed cation compositions of the glasses. Sr2+ ions have smaller field strength than Ca2+ ions, and the glass network structure may be weakened by the substitution of CaO by SrO. However, glassification degree and chemical durability of pyro- and meta-phosphate glasses increased with substituted all CaO by SrO. This is because titanium groups in the glasses are closely related to their glass network structure by SrO substitution. The P-O-Ti bonds in pyrophosphate glass series and TiO4 tetrahedra in metaphosphate glass series increased with substitution by SrO. The titanium groups in the glasses were crosslink and/or coordinate phosphate groups to improve glassification degree and chemical durability. Sr2+ ion releasing amount of pyrophosphate glasses with >83% SrO substitution was larger than 0.1 mM at day seven, an amount that reported enhanced bone formation by stimulation of osteogenic markers.
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Wetzel, Roland, Leena Hupa, and Delia S. Brauer. "Glass ionomer bone cements based on magnesium-containing bioactive glasses." Biomedical Glasses 5, no. 1 (February 1, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bglass-2019-0001.
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Abstract Glass ionomer cements (GIC) are used in restorative dentistry and their properties (low heat during setting, adhesion to mineralised tissue and surgical metals) make them of great interest for bone applications.However, dental GIC are based on aluminium-containing glasses, and the resulting release of aluminium ions from the cements needs to be avoided for applications as bone cements. Replacing aluminium ions in glasses for use in glass ionomer cements is challenging, as aluminium ions play a critical role in the required glass degradation by acid attack as well as in GIC mechanical stability. Magnesium ions have been used as an alternative for aluminium in the glass component, but so far no systematic study has looked into the actual role of magnesium ions. The aim of the present study is therefore the systematic comparison of the effect of magnesium ions compared to calcium ions in GIC glasses. It is shown that by partially substituting MgO for CaO in simple SiO2-CaO-CaF2 glasses, ion release from the glass and, subsequently, GIC setting behaviour can be adjusted. Magnesium ions act as typical network modifiers here but owing to their larger field strength compared to calcium ions reduce ion release from the glasses significantly. By choosing an optimum ratio of magnesium and calcium ions in the glass, GIC setting and subsequently compressive strength can be controlled.
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Brauer, Delia S., Natalia Karpukhina, Daphne Seah, Robert V. Law, and Robert G. Hill. "Fluoride-Containing Bioactive Glasses." Advanced Materials Research 39-40 (April 2008): 299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.39-40.299.
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Fluoride is an important mineral for hard tissues in the body and appropriate fluoride exposure and usage are beneficial to bone and tooth integrity. Fluoride increases both bone density and bone mass due to stimulation of bone formation and it is used as a treatment for osteoporosis. Bioactive glasses have the capacity to form an intimate bond with living bone tissue due to formation of a mixed hydroxycarbonate apatite layer (HCA) in vitro and in vivo. This makes fluoride-containing bioactive glasses attractive biomaterials. In order to design fluoride-containing bioactive glasses, we need to understand the role of fluorine within the glass structure. A series of bioactive glasses with increasing fluoride content was prepared by a melt-quench route. Characterisation included differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), density measurements, MASNMR spectroscopy and studies in simulated body fluid (SBF). DSC results showed a linear decrease in glass transition temperature (Tg) with increasing amounts of fluoride. Density of the glasses increased with increasing amounts of fluoride. This may indicate an expansion of the silicate glass network accompanying incorporation of CaF2. 19F MAS-NMR spectroscopy showed broad peaks at chemical shifts between -135 and -120 ppm. As sodium fluoride gives a chemical shift of -223 ppm and calcium fluoride of -108 ppm, this indicated possible formation of mixed calcium sodium fluoride species. HCA and calcium phosphate layers were found on the glasses after one week of immersion in SBF showing the bioactivity of the glass series.
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Dukle, Amey, Dhanashree Murugan, Arputharaj Joseph Nathanael, Loganathan Rangasamy, and Tae-Hwan Oh. "Can 3D-Printed Bioactive Glasses Be the Future of Bone Tissue Engineering?" Polymers 14, no. 8 (April 18, 2022): 1627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14081627.
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According to the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study, cases of bone fracture or injury have increased to 33.4% in the past two decades. Bone-related injuries affect both physical and mental health and increase the morbidity rate. Biopolymers, metals, ceramics, and various biomaterials have been used to synthesize bone implants. Among these, bioactive glasses are one of the most biomimetic materials for human bones. They provide good mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and osteointegrative properties. Owing to these properties, various composites of bioactive glasses have been FDA-approved for diverse bone-related and other applications. However, bone defects and bone injuries require customized designs and replacements. Thus, the three-dimensional (3D) printing of bioactive glass composites has the potential to provide customized bone implants. This review highlights the bottlenecks in 3D printing bioactive glass and provides an overview of different types of 3D printing methods for bioactive glass. Furthermore, this review discusses synthetic and natural bioactive glass composites. This review aims to provide information on bioactive glass biomaterials and their potential in bone tissue engineering.
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Ben-Arfa, Basam A. E., and Robert C. Pullar. "A Comparison of Bioactive Glass Scaffolds Fabricated by Robocasting from Powders Made by Sol–Gel and Melt-Quenching Methods." Processes 8, no. 5 (May 21, 2020): 615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8050615.
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Bioactive glass scaffolds are used in bone and tissue biomedical implants, and there is great interest in their fabrication by additive manufacturing/3D printing techniques, such as robocasting. Scaffolds need to be macroporous with voids ≥100 m to allow cell growth and vascularization, biocompatible and bioactive, with mechanical properties matching the host tissue (cancellous bone for bone implants), and able to dissolve/resorb over time. Most bioactive glasses are based on silica to form the glass network, with calcium and phosphorous content for new bone growth, and a glass modifier such as sodium, the best known being 45S5 Bioglass®. 45S5 scaffolds were first robocast in 2013 from melt-quenched glass powder. Sol–gel-synthesized bioactive glasses have potential advantages over melt-produced glasses (e.g., greater porosity and bioactivity), but until recently were never robocast as scaffolds, due to inherent problems, until 2019 when high-silica-content sol–gel bioactive glasses (HSSGG) were robocast for the first time. In this review, we look at the sintering, porosity, bioactivity, biocompatibility, and mechanical properties of robocast sol–gel bioactive glass scaffolds and compare them to the reported results for robocast melt-quench-synthesized 45S5 Bioglass® scaffolds. The discussion includes formulation of the printing paste/ink and the effects of variations in scaffold morphology and inorganic additives/dopants.
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Navarro, Melba, E. S. Sanzana, Josep A. Planell, M. P. Ginebra, and P. A. Torres. "In Vivo Behavior of Calcium Phosphate Glasses with Controlled Solubility." Key Engineering Materials 284-286 (April 2005): 893–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.284-286.893.
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Resorbable calcium phosphate glasses offer interesting solutions in the biomedical field, as bone cavity fillers, drug delivery systems, biodegradable reinforcing phase in the case of composites for bone fixation devices and tissue engineering scaffolds. In this work, two different glass formulations in the systems 44.5CaO-44.5P2O5-(11-X)Na2O-XTiO2 (X=0or 5) have been elaborated. It is known that the incorporation or TiO2 into the vitreous system reduces considerably the solubility of the glasses. To study the material solubility effect on the in vivo response, glass particles of the two formulations were implanted in rabbits. Results showed that both glasses elicited a similar biological response and good biocompatibility. The percentage of new bone formation in the glasses was comparable to that obtained for the autologous bone (control) after 12 weeks of implantation. The materials showed to have an osteoconductive potential. Finally, this study showed that in spite of the solubility difference of the studied glasses, there were no significant differences in the in vivo response.
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Fredholm, Yann C., Natalia Karpukhina, Delia S. Brauer, Julian R. Jones, Robert V. Law, and Robert G. Hill. "Influence of strontium for calcium substitution in bioactive glasses on degradation, ion release and apatite formation." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 9, no. 70 (October 12, 2011): 880–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2011.0387.
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Bioactive glasses are able to bond to bone through the formation of hydroxy-carbonate apatite in body fluids while strontium (Sr)-releasing bioactive glasses are of interest for patients suffering from osteoporosis, as Sr was shown to increase bone formation both in vitro and in vivo . A melt-derived glass series (SiO 2 –P 2 O 5 –CaO–Na 2 O) with 0–100% of calcium (Ca) replaced by Sr on a molar base was prepared. pH change, ion release and apatite formation during immersion of glass powder in simulated body fluid and Tris buffer at 37°C over up to 8 h were investigated and showed that substituting Sr for Ca increased glass dissolution and ion release, an effect owing to an expansion of the glass network caused by the larger ionic radius of Sr ions compared with Ca. Sr release increased linearly with Sr substitution, and apatite formation was enhanced significantly in the fully Sr-substituted glass, which allowed for enhanced osteoblast attachment as well as proliferation and control of osteoblast and osteoclast activity as shown previously. Studying the composition–structure–property relationship in bioactive glasses enables us to successfully design next-generation biomaterials that combine the bone regenerative properties of bioactive glasses with the release of therapeutically active Sr ions.
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Beltrán, Ana M., Paloma Trueba, Flora Borie, Ana Alcudia, Belén Begines, José A. Rodriguez-Ortiz, and Yadir Torres. "Bioactive Bilayer Glass Coating on Porous Titanium Substrates with Enhanced Biofunctional and Tribomechanical Behavior." Coatings 12, no. 2 (February 14, 2022): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12020245.
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The use of porous titanium samples fabricated by space-holder powder metallurgy with bioactive coatings has already been reported to prevent resorption of the bone surrounding the implant and improve osseointegration, respectively. However, the presence of pores as well as the poor adherence and the brittle behavior inherent to glassy coatings affect the service behavior of implants fabricated from these samples. Therefore, they need to be optimized. In this work, 50 vol.% of porosity titanium substrates were manufactured with different pore range size (100–200 and 355–500 µm) spacer particles and coated with a bilayer of bioactive glasses (45S5/1393). The effect of the pores on the tribomechanical properties and infiltration of the bioactive glass 1393 along with the bioactivity of the bioactive glass 45S5 were evaluated by instrumented micro-indentation and scratch tests and the formation of hydroxyapatite in simulated body fluid. The results obtained were very promising as potential implants for the replacement of small tumors in cortical bone tissues, mainly due to the smaller pores that present an improved biomechanical and biofunctional balance.
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Maximov, Maxim, Oana-Cristina Maximov, Luminita Craciun, Denisa Ficai, Anton Ficai, and Ecaterina Andronescu. "Bioactive Glass—An Extensive Study of the Preparation and Coating Methods." Coatings 11, no. 11 (November 13, 2021): 1386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11111386.
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Diseases or complications that are caused by bone tissue damage affect millions of patients every year. Orthopedic and dental implants have become important treatment options for replacing and repairing missing or damaged parts of bones and teeth. In order to use a material in the manufacture of implants, the material must meet several requirements, such as mechanical stability, elasticity, biocompatibility, hydrophilicity, corrosion resistance, and non-toxicity. In the 1970s, a biocompatible glassy material called bioactive glass was discovered. At a later time, several glass materials with similar properties were developed. This material has a big potential to be used in formulating medical devices, but its fragility is an important disadvantage. The use of bioactive glasses in the form of coatings on metal substrates allows the combination of the mechanical hardness of the metal and the biocompatibility of the bioactive glass. In this review, an extensive study of the literature was conducted regarding the preparation methods of bioactive glass and the different techniques of coating on various substrates, such as stainless steel, titanium, and their alloys. Furthermore, the main doping agents that can be used to impart special properties to the bioactive glass coatings are described.
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Liang, Wen, Christian Rüssel, Delbert E. Day, and Günter Völksch. "Bioactive comparison of a borate, phosphate and silicate glass." Journal of Materials Research 21, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2006.0025.
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A borate glass, phosphate glass, and silicate glass were converted to hydroxyapatite (HA) by soaking the substrates in a solution of K2HPO4 with a pH value of 9.0 at 37 °C. The weight loss of the substrates was studied as a function of time. Unlike the silicate glasses, the reaction processes of the borate glasses and phosphate glasses were bulk dissolution. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy revealed an initially amorphous product that subsequently crystallized to HA. The data suggest good bioactive characteristics for the borate and phosphate glass and the potential use of them as a favorable template for bone-tissue formation.
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Abdelghany, Amr, Fatema Elbatal, and Hatem Elbatal. "Zinc containing borate glasses and glass-ceramics: Search for biomedical applications." Processing and Application of Ceramics 8, no. 4 (2014): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pac1404185a.
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Ternary soda lime borate glass and samples with ZnO replacing CaO up to 10mol%were prepared and studied for their bone bonding ability. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption spectra of the prepared glasses before and after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF), for one or two weeks, showed the appearance of calcium phosphate (hydroxyapatite (HA)) which is an indication of bone bonding ability. X-ray diffraction patterns were measured for the glasses and indicated the presence of small peaks related to hydroxyapatite in the samples immersed in SBF. The glasses were heat treated with controlled two-step regime to convert them to their corresponding glass-ceramic derivatives. FTIR and X-ray diffraction measurements of the glass-ceramic samples (before and after immersion in SBF) confirmed the appearance of HA which is influenced by ZnO content. The overall data are explained on the basis of current views about the corrosion behaviour of borate glasses including hydrolysis and direct dissolution mechanism.
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Kargozar, Saeid, Francesco Baino, Sara Banijamali, and Masoud Mozafari. "Synthesis and physico-chemical characterization of fluoride (F)- and silver (Ag)-substituted sol-gel mesoporous bioactive glasses." Biomedical Glasses 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bglass-2019-0015.
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Abstract Synthesis and use of novel compositions of bioactive glasses (BGs) for hard tissue engineering are of important significance in the biomedical field. In this study, we successfully synthesized a series of 58S-based BGs containing fluoride (F−) and silver (Ag+) ions through a sol-gel method for possible use in bone/dental regeneration and antibacterial strategies. Characterizations of samples were performed by using thermal analyses (thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), textural analysis (N2 adsorption-desorption), and morphological observations by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The obtained data revealed that the fabricated BGs are in a glassy state before incubation in the Kokubo’s simulated body fluid (SBF), and an apatite-like layer is formed on their surface after 7 days of immersion in SBF. The size of the glass particles was in the nano-range (about 100 nm or below), and their pore size was in the mesoporous range (15-25 nm). These early results suggest that the F- and Ag-doped glasses show promise as multifunctional bioactive materials for bone/dental tissue engineering.
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Goodridge, Ruth D., Chikara Ohtsuki, Masanobu Kamitakahara, David J. Wood, and Kenny W. Dalgarno. "Fabrication of Bioactive Glass-Ceramics by Selective Laser Sintering." Key Engineering Materials 309-311 (May 2006): 289–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.309-311.289.
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The feasibility of processing glass-ceramics using the layer manufacturing technique, selective laser sintering (SLS), to produce parts with suitable biological and mechanical properties for use in bone replacement applications, has been investigated. Glass-ceramics derived from glasses based on several different systems have been considered. Initial experiments using an apatite-mullite glass-ceramic (4.5SiO2⋅3Al203⋅1.6P2O5⋅3CaO⋅2CaF2) demonstrated the ability to process glass-ceramic materials using this technique, creating parts with a strength similar to that of cancellous bone, and a porous structure that was shown in vivo to be suitable for the ingrowth of bone. Concerns over the inability of the apatite-mullite material to form an apatite layer on its surface when soaked in a simulated body fluid (SBF) has led to the development of Al2O3-free glasses based on the systems (50-x)CaO⋅45SiO2⋅5P2O5⋅xCaF2 and (48-x)CaO⋅45SiO2⋅5P2O5⋅2CaF2⋅xNa2O. These materials have demonstrated good in vitro bioactivity, and therefore have good potential as candidates for processing by an indirect SLS method for the production of custom-made bone implants.
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Zambanini, Telma, Roger Borges, Ana C. S. de Souza, Giselle Z. Justo, Joel Machado, Daniele R. de Araujo, and Juliana Marchi. "Holmium-Containing Bioactive Glasses Dispersed in Poloxamer 407 Hydrogel as a Theragenerative Composite for Bone Cancer Treatment." Materials 14, no. 6 (March 17, 2021): 1459. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14061459.
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Holmium-containing bioactive glasses can be applied in bone cancer treatment because the holmium content can be neutron activated, having suitable properties for brachytherapy applications, while the bioactive glass matrix can regenerate the bone alterations induced by the tumor. To facilitate the application of these glasses in clinical practice, we proposed a composite based on Poloxamer 407 thermoresponsive hydrogel, with suitable properties for applications as injectable systems. Therefore, in this work, we evaluated the influence of holmium-containing glass particles on the properties of Poloxamer 407 hydrogel (20 w/w.%), including self-assembly ability and biological properties. 58S bioactive glasses (58SiO2-33CaO-9P2O5) containing different Ho2O3 amounts (1.25, 2.5, 3.75, and 5 wt.%) were incorporated into the hydrogel. The formulations were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, rheological tests, and [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] MTT cell viability against pre-osteoblastic and osteosarcoma cells. The results evidenced that neither the glass particles dispersed in the hydrogel nor the holmium content in the glasses significantly influenced the hydrogel self-assembly ability (Tmic ~13.8 °C and Tgel ~20 °C). Although, the glass particles considerably diminished the hydrogel viscosity in one order of magnitude at body temperature (37 °C). The cytotoxicity results evidenced that the formulations selectively favored pre-osteoblastic cell proliferation and osteosarcoma cell death. In conclusion, the formulation containing glass with the highest fraction of holmium content (5 wt.%) had the best biological results outcomes aiming its application as theragenerative materials for bone cancer treatment.
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Boonyang, U., F. Li, and A. Stein. "Hierarchical Structures and Shaped Particles of Bioactive Glass and ItsIn VitroBioactivity." Journal of Nanomaterials 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/681391.
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In this study, bioactive glass particles with controllable structure and porosity were prepared using dual-templating methods. Block copolymers used as one template component produced mesopores in the calcined samples. Polymer colloidal crystals as the other template component yielded either three-dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) products or shaped bioactive glass nanoparticles. Thein vitrobioactivity of these bioactive glasses was studied by soaking the samples in simulated body fluid (SBF) at body temperature (37°C) for varying lengths of time and monitoring the formation of bone-like apatite on the surface of the bioactive glass. A considerable bioactivity was found that all of bioactive glass samples have the ability to induce the formation of an apatite layer on its surface when in contact with SBF. The development of bone-like apatite is faster for 3DOM bioactive glasses than for nanoparticles.
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Chen, Chuan Zhong, Xiang Guo Meng, Hui Jun Yu, Ting He, Han Yang, Dian Gang Wang, and Shi Gui Zhao. "Research Progress in Bioactive Glasses for Implant Materials." Key Engineering Materials 591 (November 2013): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.591.108.
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With the constant development of medical technology, biological materials become more and more important in surgical repair. Bioactive glass and glass ceramic, because of the good bioactivity and biocompatibility, are considered to be the most ideal material for bone repair and replacement. Thus in this paper the recent research progress in bioactive glasses and glass ceramics are summarized. The characteristics of component, structure and property of several kinds of bioactive glasses and glass ceramics are analyzed, the existent problems and some different solutions are also discussed, and their development foreground in surgical repair application is further forecast.
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Trambitas, Cristian, Tudor Sorin Pop, Alina Dia Trambitas Miron, Dorin Constantin Dorobantu, and Klara Brinzaniuc. "S53P4 Bioactive Glass - an Alternative Treatment of Bone Defects." Revista de Chimie 68, no. 2 (March 15, 2017): 387–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.17.2.5459.
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A challenging problem in orthopedic practice is represented by bone defects may they occur from trauma, malignancy, infection or congenital disease. Bioactive Glasses have a widely recognized ability to foster the growth of bone cells, and to bond strongly with both hard and soft tissues. Upon implantation, Bioactive Glasses undergoes specific reactions, leading to the formation of an amorphous calcium phosphate or crystalline hydroxyapatite phase on the surface of the glass, which is responsible for its strong bonding with the surrounding tissue. This phenomenon sustains a more rapid healing of bone defects and presents great antibacterial properties. In this paper we report on a clinical study that uses S53P4 Bioactive Glass to successfully treat bone defects and testify of the good compatibility of this material with human tissues.
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Majhi, M. R., R. Kumar, S. P. Singh, and R. Pyare. "Physico-Chemical Properties and Characterization of CaO-Fe2O3-P2O5 Glass as a Bioactive Ceramic Material." Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering 12 (February 2012): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbte.12.1.
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The Aim of this Work Is to Investigate Role of Iron in Calcium-Iron-Phosphate Bioglass. the Density, Compressive Strength, Tg Point and Leachability of Cations Were Measured. the Ph Behaviour of Simulated Body Fluid after Soaking Phosphate Glasses for Different Time Periods Were Also Studied and it Was Observed that Higher Phosphate Glasses Containing Lower Lime Possessed Better Bioactivity than Lower Phosphate Glasses Containing More Iron and Lime Contents. the DTA and FTIR Spectrometry of Glasses Were Performed. the Absorption Spectra Showed that Iron Was Present in the Glass only as Fe3+ Ion. the Leachability of Ca2+ and Fe3+ Ions from Glass Was due to Diffusion Control and P5+ Ion due to Network Break down of PO4 Tetrahedra. the DTA Peaks Were Broad. the FTIR Band around 1000 Cm-1 in Glass Was due to Asymmetric Stretching of O=P=O Linkage. the FTIR Absorption and Reflectance Spectrometry of the Glass Samples after SBF Treatment Had Confirmed the Deposition of Bone-Like Hydroxyl Carbonate Apatite Layer on the Glass Surfaces for their Bioactivity. the Bands Centred in between 2880-3425 Cm-1 Were due to Presence of OH Groups and Stretching Modes of H-O-H Vibration in Glasses. the Properties and Structure Relationship for Glasses Were Established and the Results Were Discussed.
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Zhang, Xuanyu, Minhui Zhang, and Jian Lin. "Effect of pH on the In Vitro Degradation of Borosilicate Bioactive Glass and Its Modulation by Direct Current Electric Field." Materials 15, no. 19 (October 10, 2022): 7015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15197015.
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Controlled ion release and mineralization of bioactive glasses are essential to their applications in bone regeneration. Tuning the chemical composition and surface structure of glasses are the primary means of achieving this goal. However, most bioactive glasses exhibit a non-linear ion release behavior. Therefore, modifying the immersion environment of glasses through external stimuli becomes an approach. In this study, the ion release and mineralization properties of a borosilicate bioactive glass were investigated in the Tris buffer and K2HPO4 solutions with different pH. The glass had a faster ion release rate at a lower pH, but the overly acidic environment was detrimental to hydroxyapatite production. Using a direct current (DC) electric field as an external stimulus, the pH of the immersion solution could be modulated within a narrow range, thereby modulating ion release from the glass. As a result, significant increases in ion release were observed after three days, and the development of porous mineralization products on the glass surface after six days. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the DC electric field in modulating the ion release of the bioactive glass in vitro and provides a potential way to regulate the degradation of the glass in vivo.
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Bellucci, Devis, Valeria Cannillo, Alexandre Anesi, Roberta Salvatori, Luigi Chiarini, Tiziano Manfredini, and Davide Zaffe. "Bone Regeneration by Novel Bioactive Glasses Containing Strontium and/or Magnesium: A Preliminary In-Vivo Study." Materials 11, no. 11 (November 8, 2018): 2223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11112223.
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In this work, a set of novel bioactive glasses have been tested in vivo in an animal model. The new compositions, characterized by an exceptional thermal stability and high in vitro bioactivity, contain strontium and/or magnesium, whose biological benefits are well documented in the literature. To simulate a long-term implant and to study the effect of the complete dissolution of glasses, samples were implanted in the mid-shaft of rabbits’ femur and analyzed 60 days after the surgery; such samples were in undersized powder form. The statistical significance with respect to the type of bioactive glass was analyzed by Kruskal–Wallis test. The results show high levels of bone remodeling, several new bone formations containing granules of calcium phosphate (sometimes with amounts of strontium and/or magnesium), and the absence of adverse effects on bone processes due to the almost complete glass dissolution. In vivo results confirming the cell culture outcomes of a previous study highlighted that these novel bioglasses had osteostimulative effect without adverse skeletal reaction, thus indicating possible beneficial effects on bone formation processes. The presence of strontium in the glasses seems to be particularly interesting.
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Ju, Yin Yan, Qiang Li, Wang Nian Zhang, and Xiao Feng Chen. "Effect of the Additive 45S5 on the Properties of Bioactive Glass Scaffold Materials." Advanced Materials Research 1004-1005 (August 2014): 941–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1004-1005.941.
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The bioactive glasses 58S was first prepared using sol-gel technique and the 45S5 bioactive glass was prepared through melting method. The above bioactive glasses were then grounded into fine powders, and each of the glass powders and their mixtures was doped with the porogen in certain ratios respectively. The bioactive porous materials were finally produced through sintering. We investigated the microstructure, surface morphologies, bending strength and bioactivity of the porous materials via in vitro method combined with DTA, SEM and FTIR techniques. The results show that the porous material made from the 58S and 45S5 mixture possesses the best bioactivity and bio-mineralization function among all samples, thus is a very promising bioactive material for bone defects filling or bone tissue engineering scaffolds.
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Singh, Dalveer, Sandeep Singh, and Gurpreet Singh. "Fabrication and Characterization of Bioglass." Asian Journal of Engineering and Applied Technology 7, no. 2 (October 5, 2018): 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajeat-2018.7.2.946.
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Glasses are common in use now days. These are used in different applications like domestic, automobile, telecommunication etc. The glasses are very useful materials because of their impressive properties. Few years back a new generation of glasses were developed i.e. bioactive glasses and bioactive glass ceramics. The glasses are used for bone grafting now-a-days because of their impressive bioactive properties. These glasses have tendency to form bonds with the living tissue organs. The future of these glasses will be bright in dental, orthopedics and prosthetic applications. In the present work borosilicate glasses of different compositions have been studied. The different elements were added with appropriate mol% to compose a new bioglass composition. The samples were prepared by melt quench route. The samples were immersed for 21 days in SBF. The samples were characterized before and after immersion in SBF by different techniques. The XRD technique was done to confirm the amorphous nature of glass before immersion and after immersion. The SEM and EDX were done to check the changes on the surface after immersion. The sample S1 has better biocompatibility results than S2 andS3. The formation of apatite on the glass samples were confirmed by all techniques mentioned above.
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Dixit, Kartikeya, and Niraj Sinha. "Effects of Boron Oxide Concentration and Carbon Nanotubes Reinforcement on Bioactive Glass Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, no. 10 (October 1, 2021): 5026–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.19370.
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In this work, the effect of varying content of B2O3 with respect to SiO2 on mechanical and bioactivity properties have been evaluated for borosilicate bioactive glasses containing SiO2, B2O3, CaO and P2O5. The bioactive glasses have been synthesized using the sol–gel technique. The synthesized glasses were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Field Emission Scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). These bioactive glasses were fabricated as scaffolds by using polymer foam replication method. Subsequently, in vitro bioactivity evaluation of borosilicate bioactive glass was done. Based on the XRD and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) results showing good apatite-formation ability when soaked in simulated body fluid (SBF), one of the bioactive glass (BG-B30 containing 30 mol% B2O3) was selected for further study. The compressive strength of the bioactive glass scaffolds was within the range of trabecular bone. However, it was found near the lower limit of the trabecular bone (0.2–12 MPa). Therefore, BG-B30 scaffold was reinforced with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to allow for mechanical manipulation during tissue engineering applications. The compressive strength increased from 1.05 MPa to 7.42 MPa (a 606% increase) after reinforcement, while the fracture toughness rose from 0.12 MPa √ m to 0.45 MPa √ m (a 275% increase). Additionally, connectivity of the pores in the CNT reinforced BG-B30 scaffolds were evaluated and the pores were found to be well connected. The evaluated properties of the fabricated scaffolds demonstrate their potential as a synthetic graft for possible application in bone tissue engineering.
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Imran, Zonera. "Bioactive Glass: A Material for the Future." World Journal of Dentistry 3, no. 2 (2012): 199–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1156.
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ABSTRACT Bioactive glasses are novel dental materials that are different from conventional glasses and are used in dentistry. Bioactive glasses are composed of calcium and phosphate which are present in a proportion that is similar to the bone hydroxyapatite. These glasses bond to the tissue and are biocompatible. They have a wide range of medical and dental applications and are currently used as bone grafts, scaffolds and coating material for dental implants. This article reviews various properties of bioactive glasses and their applications and also reviews the changes that can be made in their composition according to a desired application. How to cite this article Farooq I, Imran Z, Farooq U, Leghari A, Ali H. Bioactive Glass: A Material for the Future. World J Dent 2012;3(2):199-201.
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Thonglem, S., Sukum Eitssayeam, Gobwute Rujijanagul, Tawee Tunkasiri, Kamonpan Pengpat, and A. Munpakdee. "Fabrication of P2O5-CaO-Na2O Glasses Doped with Zinc Oxide for Artificial Bone Applications." Advanced Materials Research 506 (April 2012): 509–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.506.509.
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The purpose of this work was to study the effect of ZnO on properties of P2O5-CaO-Na2O glass system for bone substituting applications. The glass formula used in this study is 45P2O5- (30-x)CaO - 25Na2O - xZnO where x = 0, 1 , 3, and 5 mol%. The corresponding glasses were prepared by conventional glass melting technique at 1000 °C for 1 h. Thermal parameters of each glass were studied by differential thermal analysis (DTA). These glasses were investigated in terms of infrared spectra and in vitro bioactivity. DTA results gave the glass transition temperatures in a range 227-280°C and crystallization temperatures in the range 521-529°C. Form FTIR results, the infrared spectra of all glass samples showed vibrations of phosphate network and the transmittance intensity of glass systems decreased with increasing ZnO content. All glass samples were exhibited the growth of apatite cells at the surface after immersed in SBF for 7 days. The optimum composition was found for the glass samples containing 5 mol% ZnO which contained the most apatite layer formation.
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Al-Harbi, Nuha, Hiba Mohammed, Yas Al-Hadeethi, Ahmed Samir Bakry, Ahmad Umar, Mahmoud Ali Hussein, Mona Aly Abbassy, et al. "Silica-Based Bioactive Glasses and Their Applications in Hard Tissue Regeneration: A Review." Pharmaceuticals 14, no. 2 (January 20, 2021): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph14020075.
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Regenerative medicine is a field that aims to influence and improvise the processes of tissue repair and restoration and to assist the body to heal and recover. In the field of hard tissue regeneration, bio-inert materials are being predominantly used, and there is a necessity to use bioactive materials that can help in better tissue–implant interactions and facilitate the healing and regeneration process. One such bioactive material that is being focused upon and studied extensively in the past few decades is bioactive glass (BG). The original bioactive glass (45S5) is composed of silicon dioxide, sodium dioxide, calcium oxide, and phosphorus pentoxide and is mainly referred to by its commercial name Bioglass. BG is mainly used for bone tissue regeneration due to its osteoconductivity and osteostimulation properties. The bioactivity of BG, however, is highly dependent on the compositional ratio of certain glass-forming system content. The manipulation of content ratio and the element compositional flexibility of BG-forming network developed other types of bioactive glasses with controllable chemical durability and chemical affinity with bone and bioactivity. This review article mainly discusses the basic information about silica-based bioactive glasses, including their composition, processing, and properties, as well as their medical applications such as in bone regeneration, as bone grafts, and as dental implant coatings.
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Costa, Hermes S., Alexandra A. P. Mansur, Edel Figueiredo Barbosa-Stancioli, Marivalda Pereira, and Herman S. Mansur. "Hybrid Bioactive Glass-Polyvinyl Alcohol Prepared by Sol-Gel." Materials Science Forum 587-588 (June 2008): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.587-588.62.
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Bioactive glasses are materials that have been used for the repair and reconstruction of diseased bone tissues, as they exhibit direct bonding with human bone tissues. However, bioactive glasses have low mechanical properties compared to cortical and cancellous bone. On the other hand, composite materials of biodegradable polymers with inorganic bioactive glasses are of particular interest to engineered scaffolds because they often show an excellent balance between strength and toughness and usually improved characteristics compared to their individual components. Composite bioactive glass-polyvinyl alcohol foams for use as scaffolds in tissue engineering were previously developed using the sol-gel route. The goal of this work was the synthesis of composite foams modified with higher amounts of PVA. Samples were characterized by morphological and chemical analysis. The mechanical behavior of the obtained materials was also investigated. The degree of hydrolysis of PVA, concentration of PVA solution and different PVA-bioactive glass composition ratios affect the synthesis procedure. Foams with up to 80 wt% polymer content were obtained. The hybrid scaffolds obtained exhibited macroporous structure with pore size varying from 50 to 600 µm and improved mechanical properties.
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Mohan Babu, M., P. Syam Prasad, P. Venkateswara Rao, S. Hima Bindu, A. Prasad, N. Veeraiah, and Mutlu Özcan. "Influence of ZrO2 Addition on Structural and Biological Activity of Phosphate Glasses for Bone Regeneration." Materials 13, no. 18 (September 12, 2020): 4058. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13184058.
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Zirconium doped calcium phosphate-based bioglasses are the most prominent bioactive materials for bone and dental repair and regeneration implants. In the present study, a 8ZnO–22Na2O–(24 − x)CaO–46P2O5–xZrO2 (0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.7, all are in mol%) bioglass system was synthesized by the conventional melt-quenching process at 1100 °C. The glass-forming ability and thermal stability of the glasses were determined by measuring the glass transition temperature (Tg), crystallization temperature (Tc), and melting temperature (Tm), using differential thermal analysis (DTA). The biological activity of the prepared samples was identified by analyzing X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectra (SEM-EDS), before and after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) for various intervals of 0, 1 and 5 days, along with the magnitude of pH and the degradation of glasses also evaluated. The obtained results revealed that the glass-forming ability and thermal stability of glasses increased with the increase in zirconia mol%. The XRD, FTIR, and SEM-EDS data confirmed a thin hydroxyapatite (HAp) layer over the sample surface after incubation in SBF for 1 and 5 days. Furthermore, the development of layer found to be increased with the increase of incubation time. The degradation of the glasses in SBF increased with incubation time and decreased gradually with the increase content of ZrO2 mol% in the host glass matrix. A sudden rise in initial pH values of residual SBF for 1 day owing to ion leaching and increase of Ca2+ and PO43− ions and then decreased. These findings confirmed the suitability of choosing material for bone-related applications.
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Savvova, Oksana. "Biocide Apatite Glass-Ceramic Materials for Bone Endoprosthetics." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 7, no. 1 (March 10, 2013): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht07.01.109.
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Nicholson, John W. "Periodontal Therapy Using Bioactive Glasses: A Review." Prosthesis 4, no. 4 (November 10, 2022): 648–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/prosthesis4040052.
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This paper reviews the use of bioactive glasses as materials for periodontal repair. Periodontal disease causes bone loss, resulting in tooth loosening and eventual tooth loss. However, it can be reversed using bioactive glass, typically the original 45S5 formulation (Bioglass®) at the defect site. This is done either by plcing bioactive glass granules or a bioactive glass putty at the defect. This stimulates bone repair and causes the defect to disappear. Another use of bioactive glass in periodontics is to repair so-called furcation defects, i.e., bone loss due to infection at the intersection of the roots in multi-rooted teeth. This treatment also gives good clinical outcomes. Finally, bioactive glass has been used to improve outcomes with metallic implants. This involves either placing bioactive glass granules into the defect prior to inserting the metal implant, or coating the implant with bioactive glass to improve the likelihood of osseointegration. This needs the glass to be formulated so that it does not crack or debond from the metal. This approach has been very successful, and bioactive glass coatings perform better than those made from hydroxyapatite.
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Jones, Julian R., T. F. Kemp, and M. E. Smith. "Effect of OH Content on the Bioactivity of Sol-Gel Derived Glass Foam Scaffolds." Key Engineering Materials 309-311 (May 2006): 1031–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.309-311.1031.
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Bioactive glass scaffolds have been developed with interconnected macropore networks, with pore diameters in excess of 500µm and apertures in excess of 100µm, by foaming sol-gel derived bioactive glasses. Bioactive glasses bond to bone by forming a hydroxycarbonate apatite (HCA) layer on their surface on contact with body fluid, which is similar to the composition of the apatite in bone. The aim of this work was to investigate the how changing the atomic structure of the glass affects HCA layer formation. Scaffolds were synthesised at 3 sintering temperatures and were characterised using 29Si and proton MAS-NMR, from which the silica network connectivity and Si-OH groups were quantified. The rate of HCA layer formation decreased as the number of Si-OH groups decreased, confirming the role of Si-OH groups in HCA layer formation.
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Zhang, Di, Hanna Arstila, Erik Vedel, Heimo O. Ylänen, Leena Hupa, and Mikko Hupa. "In Vitro Behavior of Fiber Bundles and Particles of Bioactive Glasses." Key Engineering Materials 361-363 (November 2007): 225–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.361-363.225.
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In vitro reactions of bundles of fibers with diameters 20-500 μm and crushed glasses of fractions 500-800 μm were compared with the reactions of plates of the same bioactive glasses. The samples were immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 2-7 days. After immersion the changes on the surfaces of the samples were observed by SEM/EDXA. Layer formation on the glass surface was found to vary with glass composition, sample shape and local condition of single particle/fiber. However, only some fibers or particles formed similar in vitro reaction layers as the plates. The product form did not change the in vitro bioactivity of particles or fibers exposed to the bulk immersion solution. When the glasses were used as fiber bundles or particle beds, the packing degree and the flow of body fluids within the system interfered with the reactivity. Also a clear correlation between in vivo layer formation in bone and in vitro of the glass plates could be found.
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Eichhorn, Julia, Cindy Elschner, Martin Groß, Rudi Reichenbächer, Aarón X. Herrera Martín, Ana Prates Soares, Heilwig Fischer, et al. "Spinning of Endless Bioactive Silicate Glass Fibres for Fibre Reinforcement Applications." Applied Sciences 11, no. 17 (August 27, 2021): 7927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11177927.
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Bioactive glasses have been used for many years in the human body as bone substitute. Since bioactive glasses are not readily available in the form of endless thin fibres with diameters below 20 µm, their use is limited to mainly non-load-bearing applications in the form of particles or granules. In this study, the spinnability of four bioactive silicate glasses was evaluated in terms of crystallisation behaviour, characteristic processing temperatures and viscosity determined by thermal analysis. The glass melts were drawn into fibres and their mechanical strength was measured by single fibre tensile tests before and after the surface treatment with different silanes. The degradation of the bioactive glasses was observed in simulated body fluid and pure water by recording the changes of the pH value and the ion concentration by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry; further, the glass degradation process was monitored by scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, first in vitro experiments using murine pre-osteoblast cell line MC3T3E1 were carried out in order to evaluate the interaction with the glass fibre surface. The results achieved in this work show up the potential of the manufacturing of endless bioactive glass fibres with appropriate mechanical strength to be applied as reinforcing fibres in new innovative medical implants.
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Lopes, P. P., B. J. M. Leite Ferreira, R. N. Correia, and H. F. V. Fernandes. "In Vitro Bioactivity of PMMA-co-EHA Composites Filled with SiO2-Free Glass." Microscopy and Microanalysis 14, S3 (September 2008): 37–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927608089319.
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Bioactive materials for potential medical application have inspired and stimulated new searches. It has been confirmed that bioactive glasses bond to living bone through an apatite layer that precipitates on their surface in physiological media. These glasses normally constituted by silica, where the silicon is the network former, induce apatite nucleation by the formation of Si-OH groups. The presence of OH groups seems to be of utmost importance in the bioactive behaviour of materials. It was revealed that even metals, such as pure titania gel can bond to bone, if previously subjected to alkali and heat treatments. In the present work a new composite with a Ca-P-Ti glass was synthesized and its in vitro bioactivity was studied in Kokubo's simulated body fluid. It is believed that the formation of Ti-OH groups on the glass can induce apatite precipitation on the composites surface.
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Kamitakahara, Masanobu, Chikara Ohtsuki, Yuko Kozaka, Masao Tanihara, and Toshiki Miyazaki. "Apatite-Forming Ability of Glass-Ceramics Containing Whitlockite and Diopside in a Simulated Body Fluid." Key Engineering Materials 309-311 (May 2006): 341–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.309-311.341.
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Tricalcium phosphate (3CaO⋅P2O5, TCP) is known as a biodegradable material and already used clinically as important bone-repairing materials. However, the control of its bone-bonding ability, i.e. bioactivity, and biodegradability is not easy. On the other hand, diopside (CaO⋅MgO⋅2SiO2) ceramic shows a potential of direct contact with bone and high mechanical strength, but low biodegradability. We expected that a glass-ceramic containing TCP and diopside show high bioactivity and high mechanical strength, as well as biodegradability. Glasses with composition x(3CaO⋅P2O5)⋅(100-x) (CaO⋅MgO⋅2SiO2) (x = 0, 38, 50, 60 mass%) were prepared. They were pulverized and the compacts of the resultant powders were heated to obtain the glass-ceramics. Only diopside was precipitated at x = 0 in the glass composition, whitlockite (β-TCP) and diopside were at x = 38, 50 and 60, when the compacts were sintered at 1200 °C. The prepared glass-ceramics formed apatite on their surfaces in a simulated body fluid (SBF). This indicates that these glass-ceramics have a potential to show bioactivity.
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Hurrell-Gillingham, K., Ian M. Reaney, I. M. Brook, and P. V. Hatton. "Novel Fe2O3-Containing Glass Ionomer Cements: Glass Characterisation." Key Engineering Materials 284-286 (April 2005): 799–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.284-286.799.
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Glass-ionomer cements (GIC) have been used in dentistry for over 30 years. In the past ten years they have also been developed for use as medical grade bone cements. However, concerns have been raised over the biocompatibility of GIC’s in non-dental applications. The release of Al3+ ions from the cement has been related to localized poor bone mineralisation and neurotoxicity. There is a need therefore to develop Al2O3-free cements. One potential route is the substitution of Al2O3 with Fe2O3 in the glass. An Fe2O3-based glass for use in GIC‘s was fabricated. The glass was found to differ considerably compared to the traditional amorphous Al2O3-based glasses. XRD demonstrated a highly crystalline morphology containing magnetite and apatite which was confirmed using electron microscopy. It was predicted that the reduction in Al concentration in the glass would improve the biocompatibility of the resulting cement.
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Trambitas, Cristian, Anca Maria Pop, Alina Dia Trambitas Miron, Dorin Constantin Dorobantu, Flaviu Tabaran, Bogdan Cordos, Bogdan Andrei Suciu, and Klara Brinzaniuc. "Regeneration of Bone Defects Using Bioactive Glass Combined with Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. An experimental in vivo study." Revista de Chimie 70, no. 6 (July 15, 2019): 1983–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.19.6.7259.
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Large bone defects are a medical concern as these are often unable to heal spontaneously, based on the host bone repair mechanisms. In their treatment, bone tissue engineering techniques represent a promising approach by providing a guide for osseous regeneration. As bioactive glasses proved to have osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties, the aim of our study was to evaluate by histologic examination, the differences in the healing of critical-sized calvarial bone defects filled with bioactive glass combined with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells, compared to negative controls. We used 16 male Wistar rats subjected to a specific protocol based on which 2 calvarial bone defects were created in each animal, one was filled with Bon Alive S53P4 bioactive glass and adipose-derived stem cells and the other one was considered control. At intervals of one week during the following month, the animals were euthanized and the specimens from bone defects were histologically examined and compared. The results showed that this biomaterial was biocompatible and the first signs of osseous healing appeared in the third week. Bone Alive S53P4 bioactive glass could be an excellent bone substitute, reducing the need of bone grafts.
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Sales, Brian C. "Phosphate Glasses." MRS Bulletin 12, no. 5 (August 1987): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400067488.
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Until recently, phosphate glasses were regarded as somewhat of a scientific curiosity—materials limited in technological application but nevertheless exhibiting interesting fundamental properties. Although the basic properties of many phosphate glasses have been studied on a laboratory scale during the past 50 years, very few of these materials proved to be of commercial interest. This lack of extensive practical application was primarily related to their poor chemical durability and a tendency to crystallize during processing.The pace of modern technological development continues to result in an increased demand for new materials with specific characteristics, and this demand has led to renewed interest in a number of previously neglected materials—including phosphate glasses. The combined physical and chemical characteristics of phosphate glasses make them relatively unique among the families of inorganic glasses. These characteristics include: large thermal expansion coefficients, low preparation and softening temperatures, low melt viscosities, chemical compatibility with living bone, and a polymeric structure similar to that in organic polymers. Most recent research on phosphate glasses has emphasized one or more of these characteristics.The major scientific questions pertinent to technological applications of phosphate glasses are related to utilizing the desirable characteristics of these materials while maximizing their corrosion resistance and thermal stability. In order to tailor a phosphate glass for a particular application, the corrosion mechanism of the glass must often be understood in detail, along with the relationship between the microscopic structure of the glass and its macroscopic properties.
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Faqhiri, Hamasa, Markus Hannula, Minna Kellomäki, Maria Teresa Calejo, and Jonathan Massera. "Effect of Melt-Derived Bioactive Glass Particles on the Properties of Chitosan Scaffolds." Journal of Functional Biomaterials 10, no. 3 (August 13, 2019): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfb10030038.
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This study reports on the processing of three-dimensional (3D) chitosan/bioactive glass composite scaffolds. On the one hand, chitosan, as a natural polymer, has suitable properties for tissue engineering applications but lacks bioactivity. On the other hand, bioactive glasses are known to be bioactive and to promote a higher level of bone formation than any other biomaterial type. However, bioactive glasses are hard, brittle, and cannot be shaped easily. Therefore, in the past years, researchers have focused on the processing of new composites. Difficulties in reaching composite materials made of polymer (synthetic or natural) and bioactive glass include: (i) The high glass density, often resulting in glass segregation, and (ii) the fast bioactive glass reaction when exposed to moisture, leading to changes in the glass reactivity and/or change in the polymeric matrix. Samples were prepared with 5, 15, and 30 wt% of bioactive glass S53P4 (BonAlive ®), as confirmed using thermogravimetric analysis. MicrO–Computed tomography and optical microscopy revealed a flaky structure with porosity over 80%. The pore size decreased when increasing the glass content up to 15 wt%, but increased back when the glass content was 30 wt%. Similarly, the mechanical properties (in compression) of the scaffolds increased for glass content up to 15%, but decreased at higher loading. Ions released from the scaffolds were found to lead to precipitation of a calcium phosphate reactive layer at the scaffold surface. This is a first indication of the potential bioactivity of these materials. Overall, chitosan/bioactive glass composite scaffolds were successfully produced with pore size, machinability, and ability to promote a calcium phosphate layer, showing promise for bone tissue engineering and the mechanical properties can justify their use in non-load bearing applications.
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Pérez, Rebeca, Sandra Sanchez-Salcedo, Daniel Lozano, Clara Heras, Pedro Esbrit, María Vallet-Regí, and Antonio Salinas. "Osteogenic Effect of ZnO-Mesoporous Glasses Loaded with Osteostatin." Nanomaterials 8, no. 8 (August 4, 2018): 592. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano8080592.
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Mesoporous Bioactive Glasses (MBGs) are a family of bioceramics widely investigated for their putative clinical use as scaffolds for bone regeneration. Their outstanding textural properties allow for high bioactivity when compared with other bioactive materials. Moreover, their great pore volumes allow these glasses to be loaded with a wide range of biomolecules to stimulate new bone formation. In this study, an MBG with a composition, in mol%, of 80% SiO2–15% CaO–5% P2O5 (Blank, BL) was compared with two analogous glasses containing 4% and 5% of ZnO (4ZN and 5ZN) before and after impregnation with osteostatin, a C-terminal peptide from a parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP107-111). Zn2+ ions were included in the glass for their bone growth stimulator properties, whereas osteostatin was added for its osteogenic properties. Glasses were characterized, and their cytocompatibility investigated, in pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cell cultures. The simultaneous additions of osteostatin and Zn2+ ions provoked enhanced MC3T3-E1 cell viability and a higher differentiation capacity, compared with either raw BL or MBGs supplemented only with osteostatin or Zn2+. These in vitro results show that osteostatin enhances the osteogenic effect of Zn2+-enriched glasses, suggesting the potential of this combined approach in bone tissue engineering applications.
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Wu, Chengtie, and Jiang Chang. "Mesoporous bioactive glasses: structure characteristics, drug/growth factor delivery and bone regeneration application." Interface Focus 2, no. 3 (March 21, 2012): 292–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2011.0121.
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The impact of bone diseases and trauma in the whole world has increased significantly in the past decades. Bioactive glasses are regarded as an important bone regeneration material owing to their generally excellent osteoconductivity and osteostimulativity. A new class of bioactive glass, referred to as mesoporous bioglass (MBG), was developed 7 years ago, which possess a highly ordered mesoporous channel structure and a highly specific surface area. The study of MBG for drug/growth factor delivery and bone tissue engineering has grown significantly in the past several years. In this article, we review the recent advances of MBG materials, including the preparation of different forms of MBG, composition–structure relationship, efficient drug/growth factor delivery and bone tissue engineering application. By summarizing our recent research, the interaction of MBG scaffolds with bone-forming cells, the effect of drug/growth factor delivery on proliferation and differentiation of tissue cells and the in vivo osteogenesis of MBG scaffolds are highlighted. The advantages and limitations of MBG for drug delivery and bone tissue engineering have been compared with microsize bioactive glasses and nanosize bioactive glasses. The future perspective of MBG is discussed for bone regeneration application by combining drug delivery with bone tissue engineering and investigating the in vivo osteogenesis mechanism in large animal models.
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Lee, Sung Ho, Akiko Obata, and Toshihiro Kasuga. "Structure of CaO-SrO-TiO2-P2O5 Glasses and their Ion-Releasing Abilities in Tris Buffer Solution." Advanced Materials Research 89-91 (January 2010): 342–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.89-91.342.
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SrO-containing calcium phosphate invert glasses, (60-x)CaO∙xSrO∙30P2O5∙7Na2O∙3TiO2 (mol%, x = 0 ~ 60), which are expected to inhibit bone resorption by osteoclast and enhance bone formation, were prepared and estimated in their ion release behavior in Tris buffer solution. The glasses gradually released ions and the dissolved amounts of ions were the smallest when the glass contained 20 mol% of SrO. Laser Raman spectra showed that the peaks of phosphate groups and TiOy polyhedral groups red-shifted with increasing the SrO content in the glasses. The red-shift is suggested to be due to decrease in bonding strength between cations and phosphate groups or TiOy polyhedral groups in the glasses. In the case of the glasses containing SrO over 20 mol%, no Raman peaks of TiOy polyhedral shifted. TiOy (y = 4 or 6) polyhedral in the glasses can coordinate with cation up to 18 mol% since they contain 3 mol% of TiO2. Sr2+ ions are supposed to preferentially coordinate with TiOy polyhedral, the formation of this structure would induce the decrease in the ion amounts released from the glasses containing 0 ~ 20 mol% of SrO.
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Kiani, A., N. J. Lakhkar, V. Salih, M. E. Smith, J. V. Hanna, R. J. Newport, D. M. Pickup, and J. C. Knowles. "Titanium-containing bioactive phosphate glasses." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 370, no. 1963 (March 28, 2012): 1352–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2011.0276.
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The use of biomaterials has revolutionized the biomedical field and has received substantial attention in the last two decades. Among the various types of biomaterials, phosphate glasses have generated great interest on account of their remarkable bioactivity and favourable physical properties for various biomedical applications relating to both hard and soft tissue regeneration. This review paper focuses mainly on the development of titanium-containing phosphate-based glasses and presents an overview of the structural and physical properties. The effect of titanium incorporation on the glassy network is to introduce favourable properties. The biocompatibility of these glasses is described along with recent developments in processing methodologies, and the potential of Ti-containing phosphate-based glasses as a bone substitute material is explored.
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Mohd Zain, Nurul Shazwani, Hasmaliza Mohamad, Tuti Katrina Abdullah, Siti Noorfazliah Mohd Noor, and Ahmad Kamil Fakhruddin Mokhtar. "The Performance of Lime Sludge Added Bioactive Glass in the Formation of HA Layer." Key Engineering Materials 694 (May 2016): 184–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.694.184.
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Lime sludge (LS) is a solid waste from lime making industry and normally disposed in landfill or recycled. LS has been studied as one of the raw materials in various ceramic productions such as bricks, ceramic tiles and glass-ceramics. In this study, LS was utilized in the preparation of bioactive glass using the 45S5 bioactive glass. The 45S5 bioactive glass contains SiO2 (45 wt.%), Na2O (24.5 wt.%), CaO (24.5 wt.%) and P2O5 (6 wt.%). It has the ability to bond with soft tissue and promote bone growth. The LS was combined with bioactive glass as a potential replacement of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). The ratio between LS:CaO was varied (0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100:0) to study the effect of LS weight percentage on the bioctive glass. The preparations of bioactive glasses involved batching, mixing, melting at 1400 °C, water quench and milling. LS was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), while the fabricated glasses were characterized using particle size analyzer, XRD and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The XRD results proved that the phase and chemical composition of bioactive glass were not affected by the addition of LS. The XRD and SEM results indicated that the addition of lime sludge in bioactive glass was effective to promote the formation of hydroxyapatite (HA) layer.
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Fiume, Elisa, Dilshat Tulyaganov, Graziano Ubertalli, Enrica Verné, and Francesco Baino. "Dolomite-Foamed Bioactive Silicate Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Repair." Materials 13, no. 3 (January 31, 2020): 628. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13030628.
Full textAbstract:
The use of three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds is recognized worldwide as a valuable biomedical approach for promoting tissue regeneration in critical-size bone defects. Over the last 50 years, bioactive glasses have been intensively investigated in a wide range of different clinical applications, from orthopedics to soft tissue healing. Bioactive glasses exhibit the unique capability to chemically bond to the host tissue and, furthermore, their processing versatility makes them very appealing due to the availability of different manufacturing techniques for the production of porous and interconnected synthetic bone grafts able to support new tissue growth over the whole duration of the treatment. As a novel contribution to the broad field of scaffold manufacturing, we report here an effective and relatively easy method to produce silicate glass-derived scaffolds by using, for the first time in the biomedical field, dolomite powder as a foaming agent for the formation of 3D bone-like porous structures. Morphological/structural features, crystallization behavior, and in vitro bioactivity in a simulated body fluid (SBF) were investigated. All the tested scaffolds were found to fulfil the minimum requirements that a scaffold for osseous repair should exhibit, including porosity (65–83 vol.%) and compressive strength (1.3–3.9 MPa) comparable to those of cancellous bone, as well as hydroxyapatite-forming ability (bioactivity). This study proves the suitability of a dolomite-foaming method for the production of potentially suitable bone grafts based on bioactive glass systems.
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Eldera, Samah S., Nourah Alsenany, Sarah Aldawsari, Gehan T. El-Bassyouni, and Esmat M. A. Hamzawy. "Characterization, biocompatibility and in vivo of nominal MnO2-containing wollastonite glass-ceramic." Nanotechnology Reviews 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 2800–2813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2022-0477.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The present work pointed out the effect of adding different concentrations of MnO2 (0.25, 0.50, 1.00 and 2.00 wt%) on the structure and crystallization performance of wollastonite glass. Nominal MnO2-containing wollastonite glass was prepared with the addition of 10% Na2O to decrease the melting temperature through melt quenching technique. The thermal history of glasses indicated that the crystallization temperature was between 864 and 895°C. The heat treating of glasses at ∼900 and 1,100°C gave combeite (Na4Ca4Si6O18), rankinite (Ca3Si2O7), pseudowollastonite (Ca3Si3O9), bustamite (CaMnSi2O6) and cristobalite. The later sample densities increased with the incorporation of MnO2 from 1.88 to 2.24 g/cm3 concomitant with decrease of porosities from 32.59 to 20.83%. The microstructure showed nano-size crystals in rounded, angular or irregular micro-size clusters, whereas after soaking in simulated body fluid for 1 month showed submicron crystals of carbonated calcium phosphate phase. Both fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray delineated the samples’ biocompatibility. Also, the negative zeta potential results enabled bone cell activity. Moreover, the bone healing with complete mineralization was remarked in case of the in vivo implantation of the G0.50 group. These results can be of a great significance in the application of MnO2-containing combeite, rankinite phases for bone treatment and biomedical applications.