Journal articles: 'Bos species'

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Шакарбаев, U. Shakarbaev, Гаипова, M. Gaipova, Акрамова, F. Akramova, Сапаров, K. Saparov, Азимов, and D. Azimov. "Fauna and ecology of helminths in cattle (Bos taurus Dom.)." Russian Journal of Parasitology 3, no. 4 (December 25, 2016): 447–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/23068.

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Objective of research: The purpose of research is to study the fauna and ecology of helminths in cattle from Central Uzbekistan. Material and methods. The cattle was investigated by the method of complete and incomplete helminthological autopsies. Cestodes, trematodes and nematodes were examined using the common methods. Larvae of trematodes and nematodes from dominant parasite species found in intermediate hosts (molluscs, insects, ants and dipterous) are also described in this paper. Results and discussion: 32 helminth species were identified in cattle from the central region of Uzbekistan: 5 species belong to the class Cestoda, 6 species — to the class Trematoda and 21 species — to the class Nematoda. Based on the nature of helminth localization in the host body, three groups of parasite communities were detected.

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Ren, Qingmiao, Yanbin Liu, Xiuyue Xie, Biyao Yan, Ke Zhang, Yongzhi Yang, and Qiang Qiu. "Complete mitochondrial genome of bovine species Gayal (Bos frontalis)." Conservation Genetics Resources 10, no. 4 (November 13, 2017): 889–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12686-017-0889-8.

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Cortez, Thainá, Horácio Montenegro, Luiz L. Coutinho, Luciana C. A. Regitano, and Sónia C. S. Andrade. "Molecular evolution and signatures of selective pressures on Bos, focusing on the Nelore breed (Bos indicus)." PLOS ONE 17, no. 12 (December 22, 2022): e0279091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279091.

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Evolutionary history leads to genome changes over time, especially for species that have experienced intense selective pressures over a short period. Here, we investigated the genomic evolution of Bos species by searching for potential selection signatures, focusing on Nelore, an economically relevant cattle breed in Brazil. We assessed the genomic processes determining the molecular evolution across Nelore and thirteen other related taxa by evaluating (i) amino acid sequence conservation, (ii) the dN/dS ratio, and (iii) gene families’ turnover rate (λ). Low conserved regions potentially associated with fatty acid metabolism seem to reflect differences in meat fat content in taxa with different evolutionary histories. All Bos species presented genes under positive selection, especially B. indicus and Nelore, which include transport protein cobalamin, glycolipid metabolism, and hormone signaling. These findings could be explained by constant selective pressures to obtain higher immune resistance and efficient metabolism. The gene contraction rate across the Nelore + B. indicus branch was almost nine times higher than that in other lineages (λ = 0.01043 vs. 0.00121), indicating gene losses during the domestication process. Amino acid biosynthesis, reproductive and innate immune system-related pathways were associated with genes recognized within the most frequent rapidly evolving gene families and in genes under positive selection, supporting the substantial relevance of such traits from a domestication perspective. Our data provide new insights into how the genome may respond to intense artificial selection in distinct taxa, and reinforces the presence of selective pressures on traits potentially relevant for future animal breeding investments.

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Mukherjee, Sabyasachi, Anupama Mukherjee, Sanjeev Kumar, Harendra Verma, Shivam Bhardwaj, Oshin Togla, Siddhartha Narayan Joardar, et al. "Genetic Characterization of Endangered Indian Mithun (Bos frontalis), Indian Bison/Wild Gaur (Bos gaurus) and Tho-Tho Cattle (Bos indicus) Populations Using SSR Markers Reveals Their Diversity and Unique Phylogenetic Status." Diversity 14, no. 7 (July 7, 2022): 548. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14070548.

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Mithun (Bos frontalis) or gayal and Indian Bison or wild gaur (Bos gaurus) are listed among the rare and endangered bovine species of India. The remote location of mithun in four North Eastern Hill states (Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, and Mizoram), scattered population size, and non-availability of genetic diversity status are major limitations towards devising a suitable breeding and conservation policy of these species. Since several studies have demonstrated the successful applicability of microsatellite/SSR markers across related genera/families in both crop plants and animal species, 30 FAO recommended cattle microsatellites were utilized for the assessment of the genetic diversity of Indian mithun, bison, and local Tho-tho cattle. Mitochondrial transmembrane protein coding cytochrome B (CYTB) complete sequence data of 71 bovine samples from India were also used to reinforce the study. Population structuring clustered the all bovines into three subgroups as per geographical location and species. Bottleneck analysis indicated a mode shift in the allelic frequency distribution of gaur, indicating minor genetic bottleneck events in the past, while no bottleneck was found in mithun and Tho-tho cattle. To our knowledge, this study represents the first report of molecular genetic characterization showing the population structure and status of genetic diversity in rare Indian bovines, namely, Mithun, Gaur, and Tho-tho cattle.

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Coulon, Marjorie, Bertrand L. Deputte, Yvan Heyman, Laurent Delatouche, Christophe Richard, and Claude Baudoin. "Visual discrimination by heifers (Bos taurus) of their own species." Journal of Comparative Psychology 121, no. 2 (2007): 198–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0735-7036.121.2.198.

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Wishart, William D., Francis Hrudka, Sheila M. Schmutz, and Peter F. Flood. "Observations on spermatogenesis, sperm phenotype, and fertility in white-tailed × mule deer hybrids and a yak × cow hybrid." Canadian Journal of Zoology 66, no. 7 (July 1, 1988): 1664–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z88-240.

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Fertility, spermatogenesis, and sperm phenotype were investigated in three hybrid deer (Odocoileus virginianus dacotensis × Odocoileus hemionus hemionus) and a yak × domestic cow hybrid (Bos mutus (grunniens) × Bos primigenius (taurus)) using histological techniques. All of the hybrids studied were infertile but varied in the degree of testicular differentiation, spermatogenic activity, and sperm production. The hybrid yak was the least developed and the white-tailed deer × F1 hybrid was the most advanced. F1 backcrossing improved spermatogenesis, output, and morphology of sperm, but not the fertility of the donor, indicating that normal sperm morphology alone does not assure fertility. Two deer hybrids that produced sperm differed in sperm phenotype from each other and from the parental species. Interaction of a Y chromosome from one species and autosomal sex-determining genes from the other species is suggested as a possible explanation of sterility in male hybrids.

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Srikosamatara, Sompoad. "Density and biomass of large herbivores and other mammals in a dry tropical forest, western Thailand." Journal of Tropical Ecology 9, no. 1 (February 1993): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026646740000691x.

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ABSTRACTDensity and biomass of four ungulate species, elephant (Elephas maximus) and seven other mammal species were estimated in an area of about 50 km2 in a dry tropical forest in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, western Thailand. Density estimations employed line transects, using either direct sightings or indirect signs. Total biomass of these ungulates and elephant was 1450 kg km–2 which was lower than that found in a well protected and managed area of similar forest, Nagarahole National Park, in India. This is due to the intensive poaching activity and the lack of wildlife management in this study site. Three species of ungulate, banteng (Bos javanicus), gaur (Bos gaurus) and sambar deer (Cervus unicolor), contributed over 70% of the estimated herbivore biomass. This situation is similar to that found in other parts of Asia. The high biomass of a subterranean mammal, Cannomys badius, has not been documented elsewhere in Asia; this species probably influences the forest dynamics and ecology of small carnivores in this area.

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Paschoal, D. M., M. J. Sudano, T. S. Rascado, L. C. O. Magalhães, L. F. Crocomo, J. F. Lima-Neto, M. D. Guastali, R. R. D. Maziero, A. Martins Jr., and F. C. Landim-Alvarenga. "38 VITRIFICATION OF BOS TAURUS INDICUS AND BOS TAURUS INDICUS×BOS TAURUS TAURUS EMBRYOS PRODUCED IN THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF FETAL CALF SERUM." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 24, no. 1 (2012): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv24n1ab38.

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In vitro-produced Bos taurus indicus (zebu) and Bos taurus indicus × Bos taurus taurus (cross-bred) embryos behave differently when vitrified. The present experiment aimed to examine the effect of vitrification on embryos produced in the presence or absence of FCS. Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC) were matured in TCM-199 and fertilized in human tubal fluid medium with frozen Nelore bull semen. On Day 1 (Day 0 = IVF), presumptive zygotes were cultured with SOFaa + BSA in the presence of FCS (Group 2.5%) or in the absence of FCS (Group 0%) until Day 7. The cleavage was analysed on Day 3 and the blastocyst rate on Day 7. Blastocysts were vitrified and, after warming (Campos-Chillòn et al. 2006) the viability was evaluated. Data were analysed with ANOVA, using the general linear model (GLM) of SAS (SAS Inst Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Sources of variation in the model included FCS concentration and first-order interactions; all factors were considered fixed effects. The arcsine transformation (√y/100) was applied to percentage data. If the ANOVA was significant, means were separated using the Tukey test. There was no difference in cleavage (for zebu embryos: Group 0%: 87.2 ± 6.8; Group 2.5%: 87.4 ± 9.5; for cross-bred embryos: Group 0%: 79.6 ± 11.9; Group 2.5%: 73.1 ± 13.7; P > 0.05). On the other hand, zebu embryos cultured in the presence of FCS reached blastocysts at a higher rate than cross-bred embryos in the absence of FCS (for zebu embryos: Group 0%: 33.3 ± 12.4ab; Group 2.5%: 46.8 ± 13.2a; for cross-bred embryos: Group 0%: 21.8 ± 8.3b; Group 2.5%: 33.6 ± 10.1ab; P < 0.05). After vitrification and warming, no significant differences in re-expansion rate (zebu embryos: Group 0%: 82.7 ± 13.1; Group 2.5%: 75.0 ± 9.8; cross-bred embryos: Group 0%: 93.7 ± 8.8; Group 2.5%: 84.1 ± 11.3; P > 0.05) and cell number per embryo (zebu embryos: Group 0%: 65.1 ± 34.7; Group 2.5%: 42.6 ± 17.2; cross-bred embryos: Group 0%: 64.3 ± 44.2; Group 2.5%: 52.0 ± 31.5; P > 0.05) between species groups and within species were seen. However for zebu embryos, Group 0% showed a lower damaged cell rate than Group 2.5%. The same effect was not observed in the cross-bred embryos (zebu embryos: Group 0%: 20.3 ± 22.7c; Group 2.5%: 63.3 ± 27.0d; cross-bred embryos: Group 0%: 25.4 ± 24.3cd; Group 2.5%: 45.8 ± 34.6cd; P < 0.05). The addition of 2.5% FCS had a higher deleterious effect on zebu embryos than cross-bred (zebu × taurine) embryos after vitrification. These results also reinforce the species differences observed between zebu and cross-bred, as they behaved differently in relation to the addition of FCS in the culture medium and in relation to their cryopreservation sensitivity. Supported by FAPESP 10/50410-2.

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Mohammadinejad, Fatemeh, Mohammadreza Mohammadabadi, Zahra Roudbari, and Tomasz Sadkowski. "Identification of Key Genes and Biological Pathways Associated with Skeletal Muscle Maturation and Hypertrophy in Bos taurus, Ovis aries, and Sus scrofa." Animals 12, no. 24 (December 8, 2022): 3471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12243471.

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The aim of the current study was to identify the major genes and pathways involved in the process of hypertrophy and skeletal muscle maturation that is common for Bos taurus, Ovis aries, and Sus scrofa species. Gene expression profiles related to Bos taurus, Ovis aries, and Sus scrofa muscle, with accession numbers GSE44030, GSE23563, and GSE38518, respectively, were downloaded from the GEO database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened out using the Limma package of R software. Genes with Fold Change > 2 and an adjusted p-value < 0.05 were identified as significantly different between two treatments in each species. Subsequently, gene ontology and pathway enrichment analyses were performed. Moreover, hub genes were detected by creating a protein–protein interaction network (PPI). The results of the analysis in Bos taurus showed that in the period of 280 dpc–3-months old, a total of 1839 genes showed a significant difference. In Ovis aries, however, during the period of 135dpc–2-months old, a total of 486 genes were significantly different. Additionally, in the 91 dpc–adult period, a total of 2949 genes were significantly different in Sus scrofa. The results of the KEGG pathway enrichment analysis and GO function annotation in each species separately revealed that in Bos taurus, DEGs were mainly enriched through skeletal muscle fiber development and skeletal muscle contraction, and the positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation, positive regulation of skeletal muscle fiber development, PPAR signaling pathway, and HIF-1 signaling pathway. In Ovis aries, DEGs were mainly enriched through regulating cell growth, skeletal muscle fiber development, the positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation, skeletal muscle cell differentiation, and the PI3K-Akt signaling, HIF-1 signaling, and Rap1 signaling pathways. In Sus scrofa, DEGs were mainly enriched through regulating striated muscle tissue development, the negative regulation of fibroblast proliferation and myoblast differentiation, and the HIF-1 signaling, AMPK signaling, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways. Using a Venn diagram, 36 common DEGs were identified between Bos taurus, Ovis aries, and Sus scrofa. A biological pathways analysis of 36 common DEGs in Bos taurus, Ovis aries, and Sus scrofa allowed for the identification of common pathways/biological processes, such as myoblast differentiation, the regulation of muscle cell differentiation, and positive regulation of skeletal muscle fiber development, that orchestrated the development and maturation of skeletal muscle. As a result, hub genes were identified, including PPARGC1A, MYOD1, EPAS1, IGF2, CXCR4, and APOA1, in all examined species. This study provided a better understanding of the relationships between genes and their biological pathways in the skeletal muscle maturation process.

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Maillard, Renaud, Philippe Riegel, Francine Barrat, Corinne Bouillin, Danielle Thibault, Christelle Gandoin, Lénaig Halos, et al. "Bartonella chomelii sp. nov., isolated from French domestic cattle (Bos taurus)." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 54, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.02770-0.

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Two strains of bacteria isolated from the blood of French domestic cows were found to be similar to Bartonella species on the basis of phenotypic characteristics. Genotypic analysis based on sequence comparison of the 16S rRNA and citrate synthase (gltA) genes and on DNA–DNA hybridization showed that the two isolates represent a distinct and new species of Bartonella. Moreover, the phylogenetic analysis inferred from comparison of 16S rRNA and gltA sequences demonstrated that the new Bartonella species is related to other ruminant-derived Bartonella species. The name Bartonella chomelii is proposed for the new species. The type strain of Bartonella chomelii sp. nov. is A828T (=CIP 107869T=CCUG47497T).

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Wu, Dong-Dong, Xiang-Dong Ding, Sheng Wang, Jan M. Wójcik, Yi Zhang, Małgorzata Tokarska, Yan Li, et al. "Pervasive introgression facilitated domestication and adaptation in the Bos species complex." Nature Ecology & Evolution 2, no. 7 (May 21, 2018): 1139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41559-018-0562-y.

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Lanza, Robert P., Jose B. Cibelli, Francisca Diaz, Carlos T. Moraes, Peter W. Farin, Charlotte E. Farin, Carolyn J. Hammer, Michael D. West, and Philip Damiani. "Cloning of an Endangered Species (Bos gaurus) Using Interspecies Nuclear Transfer." Cloning 2, no. 2 (October 8, 2000): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/152045500436104.

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Khaustov, Alexander A., and Andrey V. Frolov. "A NEW GENUS AND TWO NEW SPECIES OF NEOPYGMEPHORIDAE (ACARI: PYGMEPHOROIDEA) PHORETIC ON SCARAB BEETLES." Acarina 27, no. 2 (December 30, 2019): 209–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21684/0132-8077-2019-27-2-209-220.

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A new genus of Neopygmephorid mites (Acari: Neopygmephoridae), Andrebochkovia gen. n., and two new species— A. cochlearis sp. n., collected from the beetle Apogonia destructor Bos (Scarabaeidae: Melolontinae) in Indonesia; and A. madagascariensis sp. n., collected from the beetle Adoretus cf. vittatus Brenske (Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae) in Madagascar—are described.

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Scarpelli, Leslie, Welber Daniel Zanetti Lopes, Matheus Migani, Katia Denise Saraiva Bresciani, and Alvimar José da Costa. "Toxoplasma gondii in experimentally infected Bos taurus and Bos indicus semen and tissues." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29, no. 1 (January 2009): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2009000100009.

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Eighteen young steers were inoculated with Toxoplasma gondii and randomly distributed into three groups of six animals each: GI, 2.5x10(5) "P" strain oocysts, GII, 5.0x10(6) "RH" strain tachyzoites, and GIII (Control). Clinical, serological and parasitemia exams were realized. Parasite investigation by bioassay and PCR was realized on semen and fragments of skeletal musculature, lymph nodes, brain, retina, spleen, liver, lung, testicle, epididymis and seminal vesicle. Blood and semen samples were collected on days -2, -1, 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 and weekly thereafter, up to postinfection day (PID) 84. The inoculated steers (GI and GII) presented hyperthermia from PID 3 to 16. Antibodies against T. gondii were detected through the indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT) on PID 5 (1:16) in both inoculated groups (oocysts and tachyzoites), reaching peaks of 1:4096 on PID 7. Parasitemia outbursts occurred in all infected bovines, principally from PID 7 to 28, independent of the strain and inoculate used. Bioassays revealed the presence of parasites in semen samples of animals infected with oocysts (GI) and tachyzoites (GII) on several experimental days between PID 7 and 84. Tissue parasitism by T. gondii was diagnosed by bioassay and the PCR technique in several organ and tissue fragments. These findings suggest the possibility of sexual transmission of T. gondii in the bovine species.

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Lawrence, Paulraj K., Weerayuth Kittichotirat, Roger E. Bumgarner, Jason E. McDermott, David R. Herndon, Donald P. Knowles, and Subramaniam Srikumaran. "Genome Sequences of Mannheimia haemolytica Serotype A2: Ovine and Bovine Isolates." Journal of Bacteriology 192, no. 4 (December 4, 2009): 1167–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01527-09.

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ABSTRACT This report describes the genome sequences of Mannheimia haemolytica serotype A2 isolated from pneumonic lungs of two different ruminant species, one from Ovis aries, designated ovine (O), and the other from Bos taurus, designated bovine (B).

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Lee, Seo-Jin, Jee Yun Hyun, Mi-Sook Min, Mu-Yeong Lee, and Hang Lee. "Souvenir made of tiger part revealed to be Banteng (Bos javanicus): species identification using DNA sequence analysis." Korean Journal of Veterinary Science 53, no. 4 (December 31, 2013): 239–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.14405/kjvr.2013.53.4.239.

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Deshmukh, Bharti, Archana Verma, Ishwar Dayal Gupta, Neeraj Kashyap, and Richa Mishra. "Characterization of coding areas of SPGA11B gene in Murrah bulls." Buffalo Bulletin 41, no. 2 (June 26, 2022): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.56825/bufbu.2022.4122814.

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The SPAG11 gene is one of pivotal molecules in reproduction as it takes part in spermatozoa maturation, acquiring motility, capacitation, and egg-sperm interaction as well. The current study was aimed to characterize SPAG11 gene in Indian Murrah bulls through direct DNA sequencing approach. Genomic DNA from Murrah animals were isolated from 130 Murrah bulls and amplified using three sets of forward and reverse primers which were based on reference sequence (Genbank accession no. AC_000164.1) of Bos taurus covering entire coding region of SPAG11B gene. The PCR products of 563, 340 and 373, bp covering exons 1 to 3 were subjected to sequencing and subsequently ClustalW analysis revealed the substitution at 34 positions and a single stretch of 22 bp deletion in comparison to the Bos taurus reference sequence. Total seven novel SNPs were observed as two in the coding region and five in 5ˈUTR. However, only one of SNPs resulted in amino acid substitution viz. p.1279 arginine to tryptophan in translated protein in Murrah buffaloes. Sequence alignment and homology across species for the targeted nucleotide sequence of SPAG11 gene in Murrah bulls was done by nucleotide BLAST (NCBI) that showed maximum identity of 97% with mRNA of Bos taurus and Capra hircus followed by 96% homology with Bos indicus and Bison bison and 95% homology with Ovis aries and Bos mutus.

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Williams, TJ, RK Munro, and JN Shelton. "Production of interspecies chimeric calves by aggregation of Bos indicus and Bos taurus demi-embryos." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 2, no. 4 (1990): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd9900385.

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Two experiments were conducted to produce interspecific chimeric calves by aggregation of B. indicus and B. taurus demi-embryos. In the first experiment, morulae, compacted morulae, and early blastocysts were collected nonsurgically from Brahman (B. indicus) and Friesian (B. taurus) donors. Embryos were bisected and one demi-embryo from each species was placed in a single zone pellucida. In the second experiment, Brahman (B. indicus) and Hereford-Shorthorn (HS) (B. taurus) demi-embryos were aggregated. The resulting 'chimeric embryos' were transferred nonsurgically to synchronous recipients immediately following microsurgery. Of 112 recipients of 112 chimeric embryos, 29 (26%) were pregnant at 60 days. Of these, 24 (83%) produced full-term calves and 5 (17%) aborted between 2 and 5 months' gestation. From the 24 full-term pregnancies, two sets of twins and 22 singleton calves were born. Of the 22 singletons, 15 were chimeric including six bull calves (one Brahman-Friesian and five Brahman-HS) that were overt chimeras. All the overt chimeras resulted from aggregation of halves of early morulae (precompaction).

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Heaton, Michael P., Timothy P. L. Smith, Derek M. Bickhart, Brian L. Vander Ley, Larry A. Kuehn, Jonas Oppenheimer, Wade R. Shafer, et al. "A Reference Genome Assembly of Simmental Cattle, Bos taurus taurus." Journal of Heredity 112, no. 2 (January 13, 2021): 184–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esab002.

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Abstract Genomics research has relied principally on the establishment and curation of a reference genome for the species. However, it is increasingly recognized that a single reference genome cannot fully describe the extent of genetic variation within many widely distributed species. Pangenome representations are based on high-quality genome assemblies of multiple individuals and intended to represent the broadest possible diversity within a species. A Bovine Pangenome Consortium (BPC) has recently been established to begin assembling genomes from more than 600 recognized breeds of cattle, together with other related species to provide information on ancestral alleles and haplotypes. Previously reported de novo genome assemblies for Angus, Brahman, Hereford, and Highland breeds of cattle are part of the initial BPC effort. The present report describes a complete single haplotype assembly at chromosome-scale for a fullblood Simmental cow from an F1 bison–cattle hybrid fetus by trio binning. Simmental cattle, also known as Fleckvieh due to their red and white spots, originated in central Europe in the 1830s as a triple-purpose breed selected for draught, meat, and dairy production. There are over 50 million Simmental cattle in the world, known today for their fast growth and beef yields. This assembly (ARS_Simm1.0) is similar in length to the other bovine assemblies at 2.86 Gb, with a scaffold N50 of 102 Mb (max scaffold 156.8 Mb) and meets or exceeds the continuity of the best Bos taurus reference assemblies to date.

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Wang, Shengli, Zhongren Nan, and Daniel Prete. "Protecting wild yak (Bos mutus) species and preventing its hybrid in China." Journal of Arid Land 8, no. 5 (May 26, 2016): 811–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40333-016-0051-6.

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Rokosz, Mieczyslaw. "HISTORY OF THE AUROCHS (BOS TAURUS PRIMIGENIUS) IN POLAND." Animal Genetic Resources Information 16 (April 1995): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1014233900004582.

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SUMMARYIn the present paper the author submits a short outline of the history of the aurochs in Poland, the country in which that species survived the longest. The last specimen died in the royal forests of Jaktorôw in Masovia at the beginning of the XVIIth century. The sources of the present study are as follows: documents proclaimed by kings, old chronicles, descriptions found in literature, old illustrations, etc. Among the reasons why that species of the relic fauna of the Pleistocene epoch survived so long are those the author draws attention to: i) the special natural conditions, i.e. abundance of forests and climate, offered in Poland, especially in early times, ii) some cultural elements, the latter being of special interest to him. The legal protection extended to the aurochs by the State found its expression in the regale or the king s order concerning hunting of these animals; this was strictly observed, as is pronouncedly recorded in the historical sources which say that in the XIIIth century the aurochs were to be found only in the province of Masovia. The local princes of the Piast dynasty, and later on the kings of Poland, made no concessions of their exclusive right to hunt that animal, not even to the greatest magnates, both ecclesiastical and secular. They themselves never abused the hunting law as far as the aurochs was concerned. Considering the situation of the aurochs in the light of that regale and of the hunting law, the conclusion is offered that the fact of excluding the aurochs from the hunting law and extending to it “a sacred privilege of immunity” which, according to an old custom, only the king was not obliged to obey, was the major factor which contributed to such a long period of survival of that species. This exceptional and almost personal care of the Polish sovereigns for these animals and their intentional will to save them for posterity caused the prolongation of the period of survival of that magnificent species up to the year 1627, in which the last auroch cow died a natural death in her haunts, as is stated in the report of the royal inspection performed in the year 1630.

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Dollin, A. E., J. D. Murray, and C. B. Gillies. "Synaptonemal complex analysis of hybrid cattle. III. Meiotic pairing mechanisms in F1 Brahman × Hereford hybrids." Genome 34, no. 2 (April 1, 1991): 228–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g91-036.

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The mechanisms of homoeologous chromosome pairing were studied in synaptonemal complex (SC) spreads of F1 Brahman (Bos indicus) × Hereford (Bos taurus) cattle. The most common SC abnormalities were bivalents with partial pairing failure and interlocks. While C-band polymorphisms could underlie most of the SC abnormalities observed in the full-blood cattle, other causes seem also to be contributing in the hybrids. The pattern of the abnormalities indicates that genie differences between the species were probably involved. Pachytene substaging data suggest that in some spreads, early pachytene bivalents with partial pairing failure may achieve complete synapsis or may be converted to interlocks by late pachytene.Key words: synaptonemal complex, hybrid cattle, interlocks.

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Kasarda, R., N. Moravčíková, R. Židek, G. Mészáros, O. Kadlečík, A. Trakovická, and J. Pokorádi. "Investigation of the genetic distances of bovids and cervids using BovineSNP50k BeadChip." Archives Animal Breeding 58, no. 1 (March 4, 2015): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-58-57-2015.

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Abstract. This study presents the application of BovineSNP50 BeadChip for genome-wide screening of two taurine breeds (Bos primigenius taurus) and Zebu (Bos primigenius indicus), and two species from the family Cervidae: red deer (Cervus elaphus) and fallow deer (Dama dama). The aim of the paper was to evaluate the use of bovine array for cross-species genotyping and analyse single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) distribution, diversity within groups of animals and genetic distance among analysed species. The number of polymorphic SNPs decreased with the increase of phylogenetic distance between species, which also reflected a decrease in call rate (from 99.54 to 61.19%). The minor allele frequency (MAF) values were significantly different between species and ranged from 0.18 ± 15 (Zebu) to 0.26 ± 0.14 (Pinzgau). The subsequent analyses of genetic diversity were based on the polymorphic loci detected in cervids. Differences in the expected heterozygosity was low (0.06), on average 0.34. In analysed groups the FIS values were close to zero, which suggested low SNP variance within them. The value of FIT indicated homozygote excess in evaluated individuals. Analysis of molecular variance revealed that most of the variability was distributed within all individuals. Observed genetic distances within and across groups of animals suggested that taurine cattle and cervids were more distant. The study results showed that genotyping array prepared for model species can be applied not only to organisms for which was developed, but can be also successfully used in closely related and more phylogenetically divergent species.

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Sanyal, Sagar, Pradip Kumar Das, Probal Ranjan Ghosh, Kinsuk Das, Kezha V. Vupru, Chandan Rajkhowa, and Mohan Mondal. "Electrocardiogram of Clinically Healthy Mithun (Bos frontalis): Variation among Strains." Veterinary Medicine International 2010 (2010): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2010/790310.

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A study was conducted to establish the normal electrocardiogram in four different genetic strains of mithun (Bos frontalis). Electrocardiography, cardiac electrical axis, heart rate, rectal temperature and respiration rate were recorded in a total of 32 adult male mithun of four strains ( each). It was found that the respiration and heart rates were higher () in Manipur than other three strains. Amplitude () and duration of P wave and QRS complex differed () among the strains. Mizoram strain had the highest amplitude and duration of P wave and QRS complex. On the other hand, higher () amplitude and duration of T wave were recorded in Arunachalee and Mizoram strains. The mean electrical axis of QRS complex that were recorded for Arunachalee and Manipur strains were similar to that reported for other bovine species; whereas the electrical axis of QRS for Nagamese and Mizoram strains were more close to feline and caprine species, respectively. In conclusion, electrocardiogram of mithun revealed that the amplitude and duration of P wave, QRS complex and T wave were different among four different genetic strains of mithun and the electrical axis of QRS complex for Nagamese and Mizoram mithuns are dissimilar to bovine species.

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Zhao, Han, Yaping Gao, Qiang Jiang, Jinpeng Wang, Wenhao Liu, Zhihua Ju, Xiuge Wang, Xiaochao Wei, Yundong Gao, and Jinming Huang. "Molecular characterization of the ACSS2 gene involved in adaptation to hypoxia in high-altitude cattle breeds." Animal Biology 71, no. 1 (October 13, 2020): 49–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15707563-bja10046.

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Abstract Under extreme environmental conditions such as hypoxia, insufficient nutrition, and glucose deficiency, the acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2)-mediated acetyl-CoA synthesis pathway plays an alternative role to ensure the normal operation of metabolic activities. To investigate the potential effect of the ACSS2 gene on hypoxic adaptation and its regulatory mechanism of gene expression in high-altitude cattle breeds, we analyzed the genetic variations of the ACSS2 gene in five Bos taurus taurus, Bos taurus indicus, hybrid Bos taurus taurus × Bos taurus indicus Chinese cattle breeds, and two Bos grunniens (yak) breeds distributed at different altitudes (95-3850 m). A total of 58 SNPs was detected in seven populations, and abundant genetic variation was found in high-altitude breeds. We identified the bovine ACSS2 core promoter region between g.-682 and g.-264 by using the luciferase assay in FFB and HepG2 cells. We also identified that the high-altitude hypoxia-specific haplotype (CAGTCT) was composed of six highly linked SNPs. The tagSNP g.-473 T>C (rs23) is located in the core promoter of ACSS2 in the Bos taurus taurus and yak breeds. The recombinant plasmid containing rs23 and analyses of luciferase activity of different genotypes showed that the activity of ACSS2 promoter increased significantly when T was mutated to C. We also found a yak-specific SNP rs20 that consists of 12 base insertions (g.-562 ins GAAAGGACCCTA) in the promoter of yak breeds. Luciferase activity analysis showed that the insertion mutant significantly decreased the promoter activity of ACSS2. Hence, ACSS2 may play an important role in the adaptation to high-altitude hypoxia by generating adaptive alleles to influence gene transcription in cattle. These results signify that different genetic variants and haplotypes affect the activity of the core promoter to regulate ACSS2 gene expression and subsequently overcome and adapt to a high-altitude environment within different cattle breeds. Our findings may have important implications for understanding the mechanism of adaptation to high altitude and for application of molecular breeding in Bos species.

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Sangthong, Danai, Songmeung Suwannarat, Sompid Samipak, and Pradit Sangthong. "Multiplex PCR assay for species identification of meat and dairy products from buffalo (Bubalus bubalis), cattle (Bos indicus and Bos taurus), goat (Capra hircus), and sheep (Ovis aries)." International Food Research Journal 28, no. 4 (August 1, 2021): 716–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.47836/ifrj.28.4.08.

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Cases of fraudulent meat and dairy products have increased worldwide, especially in developing countries. To determine the misrepresented animal species, appropriate tools in routine monitoring should be available for food inspections. In the present work, a multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay for species identification of products from ruminants including buffalo, cattle, goat, and sheep was developed. The primer set KUMUT_cFarmSp1 was composed of five species-specific primers and a pair of positive-control primers. The primer set amplified 106-, 163-, 232-, and 308-bp specific fragments from the cytochrome b (cyt b) gene of buffalo, cattle, goat, and sheep, respectively, and 370-bp positive-control fragment from 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA). The detection limit of this PCR assay is 0.1 ng of DNA template. The developed primer set exhibited strong specificity, sensitivity, robustness, and simplicity for food verification, thus indicating its usefulness for species verification in food quality control and law enforcement.

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Salimah, I., P. P. Agung, S. Said, A. Farajallah, and D. Perwitasari. "Origin and phylogenetic analysis of Pasundan cattle based on D-loop of Mitochondrial genome." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1001, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 012041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1001/1/012041.

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Abstract Pasundan cattle is one of the native Indonesian species and molecular data is needed to further generate historical and ancestral information about cattle breeds. Therefore, to understand the maternal inheritance and phylogeny of Pasundan cattle, the nucleotide sequence of the D-loop region was analyzed. The DNA samples were collected from the Research Center for Biotechnology, BRIN, Cibinong, Indonesia. The phylogenetic tree reconstruction was analyzed using the Neighbor-joining method based on Kimura 2 Parameters. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, the Pasundan cattle showed two clusters, namely Bos indicus and Bos javanicus CERZA. Furthermore, the result showed that they originated from two maternal lineages and native cattle in Indonesia, including Madura cattle.

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de Abreu Santos, Daniel Jordan, Gregório Miguel Ferreira de Camargo, Diercles Francisco Cardoso, Marcos Eli Buzanskas, Rusbel Raul Aspilcueta-Borquis, Naudin Alejandro Hurtado-Lugo, Francisco Ribeiro de Araújo Neto, Lúcia Galvão de Albuquerque, Li Ma, and Humberto Tonhati. "Linkage Disequilibrium-Based Inference of Genome Homology and Chromosomal Rearrangements Between Species." G3: Genes|Genomes|Genetics 10, no. 7 (May 20, 2020): 2327–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/g3.120.401090.

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The aim of this study was to analyze the genomic homology between cattle (Bos taurus) and buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) and to propose a rearrangement of the buffalo genome through linkage disequilibrium analyses of buffalo SNP markers referenced in the cattle genome assembly and also compare it to the buffalo genome assembly. A panel of bovine SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) was used for hierarchical, non-hierarchical and admixture cluster analyses. Thus, the linkage disequilibrium information between markers of a specific panel of buffalo was used to infer chromosomal rearrangement. Haplotype diversity and imputation accuracy of the submetacentric chromosomes were also analyzed. The genomic homology between the species enabled us to use the bovine genome assembly to recreate a buffalo genomic reference by rearranging the submetacentric chromosomes. The centromere of the submetacentric chromosomes exhibited high linkage disequilibrium and low haplotype diversity. It allowed hypothesizing about chromosome evolution. It indicated that buffalo submetacentric chromosomes are a centric fusion of ancestral acrocentric chromosomes. The chronology of fusions was also suggested. Moreover, a linear regression between buffalo and cattle rearranged assembly and the imputation accuracy indicated that the rearrangement of the chromosomes was adequate. When using the bovine reference genome assembly, the rearrangement of the buffalo submetacentric chromosomes could be done by SNP BTA (chromosome of Bos taurus) calculations: shorter BTA (shorter arm of buffalo chromosome) was given as [(shorter BTA length – SNP position in shorter BTA)] and larger BTA length as [shorter BTA length + (larger BTA length – SNP position in larger BTA)]. Finally, the proposed linkage disequilibrium-based method can be applied to elucidate other chromosomal rearrangement events in other species with the possibility of better understanding the evolutionary relationship between their genomes.

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Hasan, Fuad, Armyn Hakim Daulay, Ferdy Saputra, and Isyana Khaerunnisa. "Indonesian River Buffalo Molecular Phylogeny Compared to Other Mammals Based on STAT1 Sequence." Jurnal Agripet 22, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/agripet.v22i1.20889.

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ABSTRACT. Genes differ in sequence, size, and functional domains among species. According to studies, STAT1 provides information on the rate of evolution that correlates with its function in the immune system. STAT1 is also considered a genetic marker for economic traits in mammals. Studying sequence comparison is an important issue in bioinformatic study and can explain phylogenetic. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the molecular phylogeny of river buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and other mammals based on STAT1 gene sequences. This study used 7 STAT1 sequences from Ensembl (Bos grunniens, Bos indicus, Bos Mutus, Capra hircus, Cervus hanglu yarkandensis, Moschus moschiferus) and previous studies (Bubalus bubalis). The sequences were analyzed using the MEGA X 10.2.6 software to observe the nucleotide composition and the phylogeny (based on UPGMA). The adegenet package in the R 4.0.0 software is used to observe the STAT1 sequence dimensionally among mammals. The STAT1 sequence has almost similar diversity among the livestock of the same genus. Based on the STAT1 sequence, Bubalus bubalis has closer genetic proximity to the genus Bos than to another genus. In conclusion, we found STAT1 is more dynamic in evolution and more conserved and found in the similar related genus. (Filogeni kerbau Indonesia dibandingkan mamalia lain berdasarkan runutan nukleotida gen STAT1) ABSTRAK. Gen berbeda dalam urutan, ukuran, dan domain fungsional di antara spesies. Menurut penelitian sebelumnya, STAT1 memberikan informasi tentang laju evolusi yang berkorelasi dengan fungsinya dalam sistem kekebalan. STAT1 juga dianggap sebagai penanda genetik untuk sifat bernilai ekonomi pada mamalia. Studi perbandingan urutan merupakan isu penting dalam studi bioinformatika dan dapat menjelaskan filogenetik. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi filogeni molekuler kerbau sungai (Bubalus bubalis) dan spesies mamalia lain berdasarkan sekuens gen STAT1. Penelitian ini menggunakan 7 sekuen STAT1 yang diambil dari Ensembl (Bos grunniens, Bos indicus, Bos mutus, Capra hircus, Cervus hanglu yarkandensis, Moschus moschiferus) dan penelitian sebelumnya (Bubalus bubalis). Sekuen dianalisis menggunakan program MEGA X 10.2.6 untuk melihat komposisi nukleotida dan filogeni (berdasarkan UPGMA). Adegenet package dalam program R 4.0.0 digunakan untuk mengamati urutan STAT1 secara dimensional diantara mamalia. Sekuen STAT1 memiliki keragaman yang hampir sama di antara ternak dari genus yang sama. Berdasarkan sekuen STAT1, Bubalus bubalis memiliki jarak genetik yang lebih dekat dengan genus Bos dibandingkan dengan genus lainnya. Sebagai kesimpulan, kami menemukan STAT1 lebih dinamis dalam evolusi dan lebih terkonservasi serta ditemukan dalam genus terkait yang serupa.

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Mikhailova, Mariya, Ruslan Sheyko, Galina Mоzgova, Anastasiya Astrouskaya, Ekaterina Lagun, and Nina Balashenko. "DNA identification of animals to detect food counterfeiting." Science and Innovations 10, no. 212 (October 2020): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1818-9857-2020-10-40-45.

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The article describes state-of-the-art approaches to the species and breed identification of even-toed ungulates, including the determination of subspecies of the Bovinae subfamily and the belonging of breeds of bovine (Bos taurus) subspecies using breed-specific SNP markers that differentiate the gene pool of meat or dairy cattle; the accredited activity results of the Institute of Genetics and Cytology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus on the species identification of the meat ingredients of animals and poultry in food products and raw material are provided to detect adulterations and prove the quality conformance. The authors demonstrate their own results related to the studies on the COI gene polymorphism of mitochondrial DNA of the European bison (Bison bonasus), the American bison (Bison bison), cattle (Bos taurus taurus). A need for developing of species and breed identification technologies allowing to determine the belonging of an individual to a specific subspecies or breed to obtain information that may be used in forensic science is substantiated. The importance of developing of quantitative PCR techniques for the rigorous calculation of an adulteration content in meat products and differentiation between the deliberately produced fake and the technically inevitable contamination of food raw material arising from technological meat processing is justified.

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MWACHALA, GEOFFREY, and EBERHARD FISCHER. "Dracaena rosulata (Asparagaceae)—a new species from D.R. Congo." Phytotaxa 88, no. 1 (March 18, 2013): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.88.1.2.

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Dracaena Linnaeus (1767: 229) comprises about 46 species in Africa (Bos 1984, Mwachala 2005). The genus is closely related to Sansevieria Thunberg (1794: 65) and both genera form the Dracaenoid clade within Convallariaceae (APG 1998). Later Rudall et al. (2000) pointed out that the name Ruscaceae has priority over Convallariaceae. According to APG III (2009) Ruscaceae are considered a synonym of Asparagaceae. While preparing a revision of Dracaena for Tropical Africa and the treatment for "Flore d’Afrique Centrale" several unidentified specimens came to light which proved to represent new species. Two of them have been described recently (Mwachala et al. 2007, Mwachala & Cheek 2012). One new species is described in the present paper.

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Reed, Scott D., and Dawn E. Evans. "Necrotizing Infiltrative Lipomatosis in a Miniature Zebu Bull (Bos primigenius indicus)." Veterinary Medicine International 2010 (2010): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2010/810496.

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Lipomatosis is described in a miniature Zebu,Bos primigenius indicus, bull that died of perianesthetic complications. This is the first pathologic description of lipomatosis that we are aware of in this species and breed of cattle. Infiltration of multiple visceral organs is described and depicted along with comparison to previously published cases of lipomatosis in other breeds of cattle.

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Natalio Castillo, Gabriel. "First Record of Otobius Megnini (Dugés, 1883) (Ixodida: Argasidae) Found on Bos Primigenius Taurus in San Juan Province, Argentina." International Journal of Zoology and Animal Biology 5, no. 3 (2022): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/izab-16000380.

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Otobius megnini is a species of tick frequently found on cattle, sheep, goats, South American camelids, dogs, and humans. It is widely distributed in Argentina, however, it was not mentioned in the province of San Juan, Argentina. This species is of veterinary importance because the infection causes otitis, which is notorious when the parasitic load is high. Due to this, the objective of this note is to mention the first nymphal record of the soft tick Otobius megnini for the San Juan province, Argentina, collected at the bottom of the auditory pavilion of a specimen of Bos primigenius taurus. This note provides new information on parasitism in domestic exotic cattle, expanding its distribution to the province of San Juan, Argentina.

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Zhang, Jinchao, Hejia Ma, Jingkai Ai, Tongsheng Qi, Ming Kang, Jixu Li, and Yali Sun. "Serological Analysis of IgG and IgM Antibodies against Anaplasma spp. in Various Animal Species of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau." Animals 12, no. 19 (October 10, 2022): 2723. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12192723.

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Anaplasma genus infects the blood cells of humans and animals by biting, causing zoonotic anaplasmosis. However, limited data are available on carrier animals for Anaplasma spp. antibodies in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau Area. Therefore, a serological indirect ELISA diagnostic method based on the major surface protein 5 (MSP5), derived from Anaplasma phagocytophilum, was developed in this study to analyze both IgG and IgM antibodies of Anaplasma spp. in a total of 3952 animals from the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, including yaks (Bos grunniens), cows (Bos taurus), cattle (Bos taurus domesticus), Tibetan sheep (Ovis aries), horses (Equus ferus caballus), pigs (Sus domesticus), chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus), donkeys (Equus asinus), stray dogs (Canis sp.), and stray cats (Felis sp.). The results showed that recombinant MSP5 protein was expressed and was successfully used to establish the indirect ELISA methods. The overall positivity for Anaplasma IgG and IgM antibodies was 14.6% (578/3952) and 7.9% (312/3952), respectively, and a total of 123 animals (3.1%) were both IgG- and IgM-positive. Moreover, the most prevalent Anaplasma IgG positivity was exhibited by donkeys (82.5%), followed by stray dogs, Tibetan sheep, pigs, chickens, horses, yaks, cows, cattle, and stray cats. The analysis for IgM antibody positivity revealed that IgM positivity was the most prevalent in the stray dogs (30.1%), followed by horses, yaks, Tibetan sheep, cows, stray cats, and cattle. Moreover, the results revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) at different altitudes in Anaplasma-specific IgG in the yaks, Tibetan sheep, and horses, and in IgM in the yaks and Tibetan sheep. In conclusion, this study is the first to demonstrate that yaks, cows, cattle, Tibetan sheep, horses, donkeys, stray dogs, stray cats, pigs, and chickens living in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau are carrier animals for Anaplasma spp. IgG or IgM antibodies. The current findings provide valuable current data on the seroepidemiology of anaplasmosis in China and for plateau areas of the world.

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RODRÍGUEZ, MIGUEL A., TERESA GARCÍA, ISABEL GONZÁLEZ, LUIS ASENSIO, PABLO E. HERNÁNDEZ, and ROSARIO MARTÍN. "PCR Identification of Beef, Sheep, Goat, and Pork in Raw and Heat-Treated Meat Mixtures." Journal of Food Protection 67, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 172–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-67.1.172.

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A PCR assay has been developed for the specific and qualitative detection of pork ( Sus scrofa domesticus), beef ( Bos taurus), sheep ( Ovis aries), and goat ( Capra hircus) in raw and heat-treated meat mixtures. A forward common primer was designed on a conserved DNA sequence in the mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA gene (rRNA), and reverse primers were designed to hybridize on species-specific DNA sequences of each species considered. The different sizes of the species-specific amplicons, separated by agarose gel electrophoresis, allowed clear species identification. Analysis of experimental meat mixtures demonstrated that the detection limit of the assay was 1% (wt/wt) for each species analyzed. This assay can be useful for the accurate identification of these species, avoiding mislabeling or fraudulent species substitution in meat mixtures.

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Hampton, Jordan O., Anja Skroblin, Tom R. De Ridder, and Andrew L. Perry. "Chemical immobilisation and rangeland species: assessment of a helicopter darting method for Australian cattle." Rangeland Journal 38, no. 6 (2016): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj16079.

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Chemical immobilisation (darting) is increasingly being used for the capture of rangeland animals. The aim of the present study was to assess a newly developed helicopter-based chemical immobilisation method for free-ranging Australian rangeland cattle (Bos taurus and Bos indicus). Eighteen cattle were darted from a helicopter in north-western Australia in September 2015 using a combination of xylazine and ketamine, partially reversed with yohimbine. Following a recently published framework for assessing helicopter darting methods, we quantified several animal welfare measures designed to quantify the severity and duration of stress imposed by the procedures. The duration of the procedures was generally short (median total duration 41 min), but for 33% of animals total duration exceeded 60 min. Although the sample size was small, mortality rate on the day of capture was 17% (three animals) and 28% (five animals) required physical restraint to achieve recumbency. We describe this newly developed method and discuss its relatively poor animal welfare outcomes compared with other validated helicopter darting methods. Legislation restricts veterinary chemicals that may be used for food-producing species in many countries, including Australia. Chemical immobilisation regimens other than the one chosen in the present study may produce superior animal welfare outcomes but would not be compliant with legislation in Australia. As a result of these restrictions, we suggest that development of an improved helicopter darting method for Australian cattle may prove difficult. Rangeland managers should carefully consider animal welfare impacts before undertaking chemical immobilisation programs, especially for food-producing species.

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Oliveira, Andrey Carlos do Sacramento de, Bárbara Cristina Amorim Ferreira, Gabrielle Virgínia Lopes Ferreira, Andréia Silva da Silva, Milena Martins Andrade Fernandes, Josyane Brasil da Silva, Karla Fernanda Viana Mendonça Jardim, et al. "Evaluation of a multiplex PCR for simultaneous detection of Bos taurus, Bubalus bubalis and Salmonella spp. in ground beef marketed in Marajó island." Buffalo Bulletin 41, no. 4 (December 30, 2022): 699. http://dx.doi.org/10.56825/bufbu.2022.4143083.

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The present work intends to use a mPCR for simultaneous detection of Bos taurus, Bubalus bubalis and Salmonella spp. in samples commercially available on Marajó Island, Pará State, Brazil. For this purpose, a mPCR reaction with different concentrations of DNA and primers with different annealing temperatures was optimized. Next, 28 samples of ground meat marketed as being of bovine origin were collected and a mPCR for the determination of species and for the detection of Salmonella spp. were realized. The results demonstrated the efficiency of the proposed technique for identification of Bos taurus, Bubalus bubalis and Salmonella spp. We conclude that the proposed mPCR technique is efficient and that buffalo meat is marketed as bovine on the Island of Marajó and that such frauds violating the current legislation that normalizes the commercialization of ground beef.

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Svensson, Emma, and Anders Götherström. "Temporal fluctuations of Y-chromosomal variation in Bos taurus." Biology Letters 4, no. 6 (August 19, 2008): 752–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2008.0342.

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Phylogeography has recently become more abundant in studies of demographic history of both wild and domestic species. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the intron of the Y-chromosomal gene UTY19 displays a north–south gradient in modern cattle. Support for this geographical distribution of haplogroups has previously also been seen in ancient cattle from Germany. However, when analysing 38 historic remains of domestic bulls and three aurochs from northern Europe for this SNP we found no such association. Instead, we noted extensive amounts of temporal variation that can be attributed to transportation of cattle and late breed formation.

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Hiendleder, S., H. Lewalski, and A. Janke. "Complete mitochondrial genomes of Bos taurus and Bos indicus provide new insights into intra-species variation, taxonomy and domestication." Cytogenetic and Genome Research 120, no. 1-2 (2008): 150–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000118756.

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Nechiporuk, Y., V. Novak, and V. Dudka. "Species-Specific Features of Intraorganic Vascularization of the Tarsal Joint Capsule in Cattle and Canines." Folia Veterinaria 62, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fv-2018-0032.

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Abstract The comparative studies of the tarsal joint capsule of cattle (Bos taurus) and canines (Canis lupus) have clarified general patterns of the structural organization of a joint capsule and the species-specific features of its angioarchitectonics. The differences in the formation of the fibroelastic layer and the location of vascular fields in the cases of animals with different stances were established. The zones of intensive intraorganic vascularization of the joint capsule were revealed; that being—the plantar and dorsal surface in the case of cattle, the lateral and medial surfaces—in case of the canine.

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Kirkpatrick, Jay F., Waltraut Zimmermann, Lydia Kolter, I. K. M. Liu, and J. W. Turner. "Immunocontraception of captive exotic species. I. Przewalski's horses (Equus przewalskii) and banteng (Bos javanicus)." Zoo Biology 14, no. 5 (1995): 403–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zoo.1430140503.

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ATHANASSIOU, A. "New findings of fossil large mammal remains in the Penios valley (Area of Larissa, Thessaly, Greece)." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 34, no. 2 (August 1, 2018): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.17087.

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Fossil large mammal remains that come from the Penios valley, Thessaly, are described and compared to already known specimens. The studied material includes two elephant mandibles, tusk fragments and limb bones, as well as a part of a large bovid skull. On the basis of morphology and biometry the sample is taxonomically referred to the species Elephas antiquus and Bos primigenius. An Upper Pleistocene age is assumed.

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Kunvar, Sazia, Sylwia Czarnomska, Cino Pertoldi, and Małgorzata Tokarska. "In Search of Species-Specific SNPs in a Non-Model Animal (European Bison (Bison bonasus))—Comparison of De Novo and Reference-Based Integrated Pipeline of STACKS Using Genotyping-by-Sequencing (GBS) Data." Animals 11, no. 8 (July 28, 2021): 2226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11082226.

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The European bison is a non-model organism; thus, most of its genetic and genomic analyses have been performed using cattle-specific resources, such as BovineSNP50 BeadChip or Illumina Bovine 800 K HD Bead Chip. The problem with non-specific tools is the potential loss of evolutionary diversified information (ascertainment bias) and species-specific markers. Here, we have used a genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) approach for genotyping 256 samples from the European bison population in Bialowieza Forest (Poland) and performed an analysis using two integrated pipelines of the STACKS software: one is de novo (without reference genome) and the other is a reference pipeline (with reference genome). Moreover, we used a reference pipeline with two different genomes, i.e., Bos taurus and European bison. Genotyping by sequencing (GBS) is a useful tool for SNP genotyping in non-model organisms due to its cost effectiveness. Our results support GBS with a reference pipeline without PCR duplicates as a powerful approach for studying the population structure and genotyping data of non-model organisms. We found more polymorphic markers in the reference pipeline in comparison to the de novo pipeline. The decreased number of SNPs from the de novo pipeline could be due to the extremely low level of heterozygosity in European bison. It has been confirmed that all the de novo/Bos taurus and Bos taurus reference pipeline obtained SNPs were unique and not included in 800 K BovineHD BeadChip.

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Mahdi, Arya, Hidayat Teguh Wiyono, and Suratno Suratno. "Relationship Bali Cattle (Bos sondaicus Muller) and Banteng (Bos bibos d'alton) Approach Through The Craniometric." Jurnal ILMU DASAR 14, no. 2 (July 16, 2014): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jid.v14i2.641.

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Relationship can be seen from the similarity of the cow and bull. One method to find out about the phylogenetic relationship between species is by using cranial morphometry (craniometrics). The purpose of this research was to identify morphological cranium Bali cattle , banteng baluran , and banteng merubetiri based on the parameters measured .This research was conducted in August and ending in October 2013 , held at the National Park Baluran and Merubetiri National Park. The design of this research is descriptive quantitative research , using data analysis kalster ( cluster analysis). Parameters of this research using 15 indicators that have been established in accordance with the research Hayashi , 1982. Materials used in this study are adult male cranium Bali cattle obtained from abattoir ( Slaughterhouse ) Denpasar in January to July 2013 a total of six specimens . Cranium of an adult male bull that used a total of six specimens . Five specimens were collected from the National Park consisting Baluran ( two cranium that is banteng baluran 4 and 5 in 1992 ) and the ( three cranium is banteng baluran1, banteng baluran 2 , and banteng baluran 3 in the 2012-2013 ) . Cranium specimen obtained from the sixth bull collection Merubetiri National Park . Measuring instruments used in this study is the large calipers with a precision level of 0.01 cm . The results of this study showed that the cranium cluster of Bali cattle with coefficient range of 0.016 to 0.042 in contrast to the first cluster is bull cranium specimen glaze 1 bull , bull glaze 2 , 3 baluran bull , and the bull merubetiri 1 , with a coefficient value of 0.047 to 0.161 range . Bali cattle cranium differ significantly with cluster cranium second bull is a bull glaze glaze glaze bull 4 and 5 with the coefficient of 0.162 to 0.251 range. Merubetiri bull glaze and form two clusters , the first cluster bull bull glaze consisting of 1 , 2 bull glaze , glaze bull bull merubetiri 3 and 1 , while the second consists of a cluster bull bull bull glaze glaze 4 and 5 . Turns bull glaze specimens collected in 1992 in contrast to the bull glaze specimens collected in 2012 and 2013. Bull glaze specimens collected in 2012 and 2013, closer to the bull merubetiri specimens . And the bull specimens closer distance coefficient with Bali cattle. The conclusion of this study is the overall specimen Bali cattle entered in a cluster , different from the first cluster and cluster bull bull both . The first cluster by cluster bull bull both are in different clusters. Keywords: cluster analysis , relationship , craniometric , bali cattle and banteng.

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Radmanovic, Darko, Desanka Kostic, Dusanka Veselinov, and Jelena Lujic. "Withers height of pig - Sus scrofa domestica L. 1758, domestic cow - Bos taurus L. 1758 and sheep - Ovis aries L. 1758 at the “Gornja suma” archaeological site (Novi Sad)." Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke, no. 130 (2016): 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmspn1630113r.

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In spring 2012, osteological material was collected at the ?Gornja Suma? site (site no. 47), located in the territory of Novi Sad, and it was dated to the early 9th century. The withers heights of pig - Sus scrofa domestica, domestic cow - Bos taurus and sheep - Ovis aries, as the three most dominant species at this archaeological site, were analysed based on the length of bones and according to various authors [Boessneck 1956; Zalkin 1960; Matolcsi 1970; Teichert 1975]. It was determined that in these three species the withers heights mostly corresponded to the data from the Middle Ages.

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Zhong, C. L., J. P. Kang, G. S. Stewart, J. W. Zhou, X. D. Huang, J. D. Mi, J. Liu, C. Yang, Y. Zhang, and R. J. Long. "Comparison of aquaporin-1 expression between yak (Bos grunniens) and indigenous cattle (Bos taurus) in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau." Animal Production Science 57, no. 8 (2017): 1618. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an15702.

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Aquaporins (AQPs) are a large family of integral membrane proteins that facilitate the transport of water through the biomembranes. AQP1, one of the 13 AQPs identified in mammals, is distributed in various tissues and organs, and plays an important role in body water homeostasis. The objectives of the present study were to identify the expression of aquaporin-1 (AQP1) in the kidney, rumen and parotid gland of yaks, and to quantify whether the protein abundance of AQP1 is species specific between yak (Bos grunniens) and indigenous cattle (Bos taurus). Three 3-year-old castrated males (156 ± 6.8 kg of bodyweight) of each of three genotypes, namely, yak, indigenous cattle and the crossbred between the two (Bos taurus♂ × Bos grunniens♀), were used; all animals were grazed in the same autumn pasture of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, China. Western blot results detected (1) 28-kDa unglycosylated AQP1 in the kidney, rumen and parotid gland of all three genotypes, 40-kDa glycosylated AQP1 in renal cortex and medulla. (2) Yaks expressed less 28-kDa AQP1 protein in the outer cortex (P < 0.05), significantly more in the outer medulla (P < 0.01), and slightly more in the ventral rumen (P = 0.088) than did cattle. No difference was observed in the dorsal rumen and parotid gland (P > 0.10). In conclusion, the present study is the first to confirm the presence of AQP1 in bovine rumen and parotid gland and identified its expression in yaks. Abundance of AQP1 protein in yak kidney showed some difference from indigenous cattle. This could provide a new perspective to explain some adaptive mechanisms of yaks to the harsh environment in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau.

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WU, SHAOBIN, XIUYUE ZHANG, BISONG YUE, BO ZENG, and JIANGHONG RAN. "Phylogenetic position of the takin (Budorcas taxicolor) and the yak (Bos grunniens) within the family Bovidae." Zootaxa 2392, no. 1 (March 8, 2010): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2392.1.3.

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The takin (Budorcas taxicolor) is a rare mammal endemic to the Asian Continent, with differing opinions regarding its taxonomic status. In order to clarify its evolutionary position within Bovidae, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome of a takin (B.t. bedfordi) sampled from Tangjiahe Nature Reserve in Sichuan Province, China, and reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships of eleven species within Bovidae based on 12 heavy-strand encoded protein-coding genes. The results indicated that (a) the takin shared a close relationship with the aoudad (Ammotragus lervia) and sheep (Ovis aries), and was most closely related to caprines; (b) the Bos genus did not exhibit a monophyletic structure, in which the yak (Bos grunniens) was closely linked to American bison (Bison bison). Combined with other DNA data, morphological evidence and paleontological data, we strongly support the designation of Poephagus for the yak, and yak should be nominated as Poephagus mutus or Poephagus grunniens.

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KWAGA, JACOB, JOHN O. IVERSEN, and JAMES R. SAUNDERS. "Comparison of Two Enrichment Protocols for the Detection of Yersinia in Slaughtered Pigs and Pork Products." Journal of Food Protection 53, no. 12 (December 1, 1990): 1047–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-53.12.1047.

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Two enrichment methods were evaluated in the course of a study to determine the occurrence of Yersinia enterocolitica in slaughtered pigs and pork products. Eighty Yersinia strains belonging to one of four species were recovered. Of the 67 strains of Y. enterocolitica encountered, 48 belonged to known pathogenic bioserotypes. The enrichment medium incorporating irgasan, ticarcillin, and potassium chlorate (ITC) was found to be superior to the two-step enrichment method (YER/BOS) for isolation of pathogenic Y. enterocolitica from throat swabs. When pork products were examined using the two methods, YER/BOS was by far superior for recovery of yersiniae, although all strains isolated by this method belonged to nonpathogenic bioserotypes and Y. enterocolitica-like organisms. Conversely, ITC enrichment recovered fewer strains but most were pathogenic bioserotypes. Thus, swine can serve as a reservoir of virulent Y. enterocolitica in Saskatchewan, and ITC enrichment is recommended for the isolation of these strains.

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Gupta, Neelam, S. C. Gupta, N. D. Verma, RK Pundir, B. IK Joshi, A. E. Nivsarkar, and R. Sahai. "MITHUN - AN IMPORTANT BOVINE SPECIES OF INDIAN ORIGIN." Animal Genetic Resources Information 18 (April 1996): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1014233900000699.

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SUMMARYThe Mithun (Bos frontalis) is a heavily built semi domesticated bovine species originated in north eastern hill region of India. In some folklore, Mithun have been referred to as the descendent of the Sun. There are interesting and divergent legends about the orig of mithun among different in tribes. Even today, mithun is used as a holy sacrificial animal to appease the Gods by the tribesman. It is a woodland animal found at an elevation of between 2 000 and 9 000 feet. The habitat of mithun extends like a long curved belt of hills from the Akasan hill and Chin Hills of Burma through the Chittagong hill tracts of Bangladesh and the Lushai (Mizo) hills of Manipur and Naga hills of India. The geographic zone is covered with tropical evergreen rain forests. At higher elevations mithun territories are also shared by yak (Poephagus grunniens), while at lower altitudes domestic cattle and mithun co-habit. The information contained in the article is primarily based on a field survey carried out on mithun of Porba village of Nagaland. Some data collated and published by other departments is also included.

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Baliarti, Endang, Teguh Dwi Putra, Panjono Panjono, Sigit Bintara, Dyah Tri Widayati, and Bramada Putra. "Characteristics of skin coat as well as the physiological status of F1 crossing Bali (Bos Sondaicus) x Angus (Bos Taurus) for early identification of adaptability in tropical environment." MOJ Ecology & Environmental Sciences 6, no. 3 (May 28, 2021): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/mojes.2021.06.00219.

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Characteristics of skin and hair color in cattle, as well as the number of skin follicles, have an essential role in the process of adapting to the ambient temperature and humidity. Bali cattle (Bos Sondaicus) is an indigenous Indonesian cattle that is a tropical climate, has the characteristics of the light hair color crossing with Black Angus (Bos Taurus) from different species, subtropical climate. Objective: To know the changes in the skin and hair color characteristics of F1 crossing of Bos Sondaicus with Angus (Bos Taurus), and whether it affects its adaptability to the tropical environment. Methods: Twenty of F1 Angus x Bali cross cattle were studied for their characteristics of skin and hair color, a number of skin follicles as well as physiological status for early identification of adaptability in a tropical environment. Hair and skin color measured by the value of the RGB (Red, Green, Blue) method. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was done to distinguish RGB values and the physiological status between crossed compare to local breed. Results: The results showed that the RGB values of crossed were significantly lower (P<0.05), had meant that darker and had fewer hair follicles (P<0.05) (15.18±2.24 vs. 21.38±4.33/mm2) which caused the skin surface temperature was higher (P<0.05)(35.41±1.14 vs. 34.31±2.27˚C). Although during the day, they had a higher physiological status (P<0.05) but still in the normal range. Conclusion: It concluded that although the skin and hair color became markedly darker, they still can adapt to the tropical environment, shown from body temperature, respiration rate, and pulses, as the gold standard for measures cattle's tolerance to environmental conditions.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Bos species'

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