Relevant bibliographies by topics / Bos species

Academic literature on the topic 'Bos species'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Bos species"

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Шакарбаев, U. Shakarbaev, Гаипова, M. Gaipova, Акрамова, F. Akramova, Сапаров, K. Saparov, Азимов, and D. Azimov. "Fauna and ecology of helminths in cattle (Bos taurus Dom.)." Russian Journal of Parasitology 3, no. 4 (December 25, 2016): 447–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/23068.

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Objective of research: The purpose of research is to study the fauna and ecology of helminths in cattle from Central Uzbekistan. Material and methods. The cattle was investigated by the method of complete and incomplete helminthological autopsies. Cestodes, trematodes and nematodes were examined using the common methods. Larvae of trematodes and nematodes from dominant parasite species found in intermediate hosts (molluscs, insects, ants and dipterous) are also described in this paper. Results and discussion: 32 helminth species were identified in cattle from the central region of Uzbekistan: 5 species belong to the class Cestoda, 6 species — to the class Trematoda and 21 species — to the class Nematoda. Based on the nature of helminth localization in the host body, three groups of parasite communities were detected.
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Ren, Qingmiao, Yanbin Liu, Xiuyue Xie, Biyao Yan, Ke Zhang, Yongzhi Yang, and Qiang Qiu. "Complete mitochondrial genome of bovine species Gayal (Bos frontalis)." Conservation Genetics Resources 10, no. 4 (November 13, 2017): 889–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12686-017-0889-8.

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Cortez, Thainá, Horácio Montenegro, Luiz L. Coutinho, Luciana C. A. Regitano, and Sónia C. S. Andrade. "Molecular evolution and signatures of selective pressures on Bos, focusing on the Nelore breed (Bos indicus)." PLOS ONE 17, no. 12 (December 22, 2022): e0279091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279091.

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Evolutionary history leads to genome changes over time, especially for species that have experienced intense selective pressures over a short period. Here, we investigated the genomic evolution of Bos species by searching for potential selection signatures, focusing on Nelore, an economically relevant cattle breed in Brazil. We assessed the genomic processes determining the molecular evolution across Nelore and thirteen other related taxa by evaluating (i) amino acid sequence conservation, (ii) the dN/dS ratio, and (iii) gene families’ turnover rate (λ). Low conserved regions potentially associated with fatty acid metabolism seem to reflect differences in meat fat content in taxa with different evolutionary histories. All Bos species presented genes under positive selection, especially B. indicus and Nelore, which include transport protein cobalamin, glycolipid metabolism, and hormone signaling. These findings could be explained by constant selective pressures to obtain higher immune resistance and efficient metabolism. The gene contraction rate across the Nelore + B. indicus branch was almost nine times higher than that in other lineages (λ = 0.01043 vs. 0.00121), indicating gene losses during the domestication process. Amino acid biosynthesis, reproductive and innate immune system-related pathways were associated with genes recognized within the most frequent rapidly evolving gene families and in genes under positive selection, supporting the substantial relevance of such traits from a domestication perspective. Our data provide new insights into how the genome may respond to intense artificial selection in distinct taxa, and reinforces the presence of selective pressures on traits potentially relevant for future animal breeding investments.
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Mukherjee, Sabyasachi, Anupama Mukherjee, Sanjeev Kumar, Harendra Verma, Shivam Bhardwaj, Oshin Togla, Siddhartha Narayan Joardar, et al. "Genetic Characterization of Endangered Indian Mithun (Bos frontalis), Indian Bison/Wild Gaur (Bos gaurus) and Tho-Tho Cattle (Bos indicus) Populations Using SSR Markers Reveals Their Diversity and Unique Phylogenetic Status." Diversity 14, no. 7 (July 7, 2022): 548. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14070548.

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Mithun (Bos frontalis) or gayal and Indian Bison or wild gaur (Bos gaurus) are listed among the rare and endangered bovine species of India. The remote location of mithun in four North Eastern Hill states (Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, and Mizoram), scattered population size, and non-availability of genetic diversity status are major limitations towards devising a suitable breeding and conservation policy of these species. Since several studies have demonstrated the successful applicability of microsatellite/SSR markers across related genera/families in both crop plants and animal species, 30 FAO recommended cattle microsatellites were utilized for the assessment of the genetic diversity of Indian mithun, bison, and local Tho-tho cattle. Mitochondrial transmembrane protein coding cytochrome B (CYTB) complete sequence data of 71 bovine samples from India were also used to reinforce the study. Population structuring clustered the all bovines into three subgroups as per geographical location and species. Bottleneck analysis indicated a mode shift in the allelic frequency distribution of gaur, indicating minor genetic bottleneck events in the past, while no bottleneck was found in mithun and Tho-tho cattle. To our knowledge, this study represents the first report of molecular genetic characterization showing the population structure and status of genetic diversity in rare Indian bovines, namely, Mithun, Gaur, and Tho-tho cattle.
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Coulon, Marjorie, Bertrand L. Deputte, Yvan Heyman, Laurent Delatouche, Christophe Richard, and Claude Baudoin. "Visual discrimination by heifers (Bos taurus) of their own species." Journal of Comparative Psychology 121, no. 2 (2007): 198–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0735-7036.121.2.198.

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Wishart, William D., Francis Hrudka, Sheila M. Schmutz, and Peter F. Flood. "Observations on spermatogenesis, sperm phenotype, and fertility in white-tailed × mule deer hybrids and a yak × cow hybrid." Canadian Journal of Zoology 66, no. 7 (July 1, 1988): 1664–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z88-240.

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Fertility, spermatogenesis, and sperm phenotype were investigated in three hybrid deer (Odocoileus virginianus dacotensis × Odocoileus hemionus hemionus) and a yak × domestic cow hybrid (Bos mutus (grunniens) × Bos primigenius (taurus)) using histological techniques. All of the hybrids studied were infertile but varied in the degree of testicular differentiation, spermatogenic activity, and sperm production. The hybrid yak was the least developed and the white-tailed deer × F1 hybrid was the most advanced. F1 backcrossing improved spermatogenesis, output, and morphology of sperm, but not the fertility of the donor, indicating that normal sperm morphology alone does not assure fertility. Two deer hybrids that produced sperm differed in sperm phenotype from each other and from the parental species. Interaction of a Y chromosome from one species and autosomal sex-determining genes from the other species is suggested as a possible explanation of sterility in male hybrids.
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Srikosamatara, Sompoad. "Density and biomass of large herbivores and other mammals in a dry tropical forest, western Thailand." Journal of Tropical Ecology 9, no. 1 (February 1993): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026646740000691x.

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ABSTRACTDensity and biomass of four ungulate species, elephant (Elephas maximus) and seven other mammal species were estimated in an area of about 50 km2 in a dry tropical forest in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, western Thailand. Density estimations employed line transects, using either direct sightings or indirect signs. Total biomass of these ungulates and elephant was 1450 kg km–2 which was lower than that found in a well protected and managed area of similar forest, Nagarahole National Park, in India. This is due to the intensive poaching activity and the lack of wildlife management in this study site. Three species of ungulate, banteng (Bos javanicus), gaur (Bos gaurus) and sambar deer (Cervus unicolor), contributed over 70% of the estimated herbivore biomass. This situation is similar to that found in other parts of Asia. The high biomass of a subterranean mammal, Cannomys badius, has not been documented elsewhere in Asia; this species probably influences the forest dynamics and ecology of small carnivores in this area.
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Paschoal, D. M., M. J. Sudano, T. S. Rascado, L. C. O. Magalhães, L. F. Crocomo, J. F. Lima-Neto, M. D. Guastali, R. R. D. Maziero, A. Martins Jr., and F. C. Landim-Alvarenga. "38 VITRIFICATION OF BOS TAURUS INDICUS AND BOS TAURUS INDICUS×BOS TAURUS TAURUS EMBRYOS PRODUCED IN THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF FETAL CALF SERUM." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 24, no. 1 (2012): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv24n1ab38.

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In vitro-produced Bos taurus indicus (zebu) and Bos taurus indicus × Bos taurus taurus (cross-bred) embryos behave differently when vitrified. The present experiment aimed to examine the effect of vitrification on embryos produced in the presence or absence of FCS. Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC) were matured in TCM-199 and fertilized in human tubal fluid medium with frozen Nelore bull semen. On Day 1 (Day 0 = IVF), presumptive zygotes were cultured with SOFaa + BSA in the presence of FCS (Group 2.5%) or in the absence of FCS (Group 0%) until Day 7. The cleavage was analysed on Day 3 and the blastocyst rate on Day 7. Blastocysts were vitrified and, after warming (Campos-Chillòn et al. 2006) the viability was evaluated. Data were analysed with ANOVA, using the general linear model (GLM) of SAS (SAS Inst Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Sources of variation in the model included FCS concentration and first-order interactions; all factors were considered fixed effects. The arcsine transformation (√y/100) was applied to percentage data. If the ANOVA was significant, means were separated using the Tukey test. There was no difference in cleavage (for zebu embryos: Group 0%: 87.2 ± 6.8; Group 2.5%: 87.4 ± 9.5; for cross-bred embryos: Group 0%: 79.6 ± 11.9; Group 2.5%: 73.1 ± 13.7; P > 0.05). On the other hand, zebu embryos cultured in the presence of FCS reached blastocysts at a higher rate than cross-bred embryos in the absence of FCS (for zebu embryos: Group 0%: 33.3 ± 12.4ab; Group 2.5%: 46.8 ± 13.2a; for cross-bred embryos: Group 0%: 21.8 ± 8.3b; Group 2.5%: 33.6 ± 10.1ab; P < 0.05). After vitrification and warming, no significant differences in re-expansion rate (zebu embryos: Group 0%: 82.7 ± 13.1; Group 2.5%: 75.0 ± 9.8; cross-bred embryos: Group 0%: 93.7 ± 8.8; Group 2.5%: 84.1 ± 11.3; P > 0.05) and cell number per embryo (zebu embryos: Group 0%: 65.1 ± 34.7; Group 2.5%: 42.6 ± 17.2; cross-bred embryos: Group 0%: 64.3 ± 44.2; Group 2.5%: 52.0 ± 31.5; P > 0.05) between species groups and within species were seen. However for zebu embryos, Group 0% showed a lower damaged cell rate than Group 2.5%. The same effect was not observed in the cross-bred embryos (zebu embryos: Group 0%: 20.3 ± 22.7c; Group 2.5%: 63.3 ± 27.0d; cross-bred embryos: Group 0%: 25.4 ± 24.3cd; Group 2.5%: 45.8 ± 34.6cd; P < 0.05). The addition of 2.5% FCS had a higher deleterious effect on zebu embryos than cross-bred (zebu × taurine) embryos after vitrification. These results also reinforce the species differences observed between zebu and cross-bred, as they behaved differently in relation to the addition of FCS in the culture medium and in relation to their cryopreservation sensitivity. Supported by FAPESP 10/50410-2.
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Mohammadinejad, Fatemeh, Mohammadreza Mohammadabadi, Zahra Roudbari, and Tomasz Sadkowski. "Identification of Key Genes and Biological Pathways Associated with Skeletal Muscle Maturation and Hypertrophy in Bos taurus, Ovis aries, and Sus scrofa." Animals 12, no. 24 (December 8, 2022): 3471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12243471.

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The aim of the current study was to identify the major genes and pathways involved in the process of hypertrophy and skeletal muscle maturation that is common for Bos taurus, Ovis aries, and Sus scrofa species. Gene expression profiles related to Bos taurus, Ovis aries, and Sus scrofa muscle, with accession numbers GSE44030, GSE23563, and GSE38518, respectively, were downloaded from the GEO database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened out using the Limma package of R software. Genes with Fold Change > 2 and an adjusted p-value < 0.05 were identified as significantly different between two treatments in each species. Subsequently, gene ontology and pathway enrichment analyses were performed. Moreover, hub genes were detected by creating a protein–protein interaction network (PPI). The results of the analysis in Bos taurus showed that in the period of 280 dpc–3-months old, a total of 1839 genes showed a significant difference. In Ovis aries, however, during the period of 135dpc–2-months old, a total of 486 genes were significantly different. Additionally, in the 91 dpc–adult period, a total of 2949 genes were significantly different in Sus scrofa. The results of the KEGG pathway enrichment analysis and GO function annotation in each species separately revealed that in Bos taurus, DEGs were mainly enriched through skeletal muscle fiber development and skeletal muscle contraction, and the positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation, positive regulation of skeletal muscle fiber development, PPAR signaling pathway, and HIF-1 signaling pathway. In Ovis aries, DEGs were mainly enriched through regulating cell growth, skeletal muscle fiber development, the positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation, skeletal muscle cell differentiation, and the PI3K-Akt signaling, HIF-1 signaling, and Rap1 signaling pathways. In Sus scrofa, DEGs were mainly enriched through regulating striated muscle tissue development, the negative regulation of fibroblast proliferation and myoblast differentiation, and the HIF-1 signaling, AMPK signaling, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways. Using a Venn diagram, 36 common DEGs were identified between Bos taurus, Ovis aries, and Sus scrofa. A biological pathways analysis of 36 common DEGs in Bos taurus, Ovis aries, and Sus scrofa allowed for the identification of common pathways/biological processes, such as myoblast differentiation, the regulation of muscle cell differentiation, and positive regulation of skeletal muscle fiber development, that orchestrated the development and maturation of skeletal muscle. As a result, hub genes were identified, including PPARGC1A, MYOD1, EPAS1, IGF2, CXCR4, and APOA1, in all examined species. This study provided a better understanding of the relationships between genes and their biological pathways in the skeletal muscle maturation process.
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Maillard, Renaud, Philippe Riegel, Francine Barrat, Corinne Bouillin, Danielle Thibault, Christelle Gandoin, Lénaig Halos, et al. "Bartonella chomelii sp. nov., isolated from French domestic cattle (Bos taurus)." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 54, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.02770-0.

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Two strains of bacteria isolated from the blood of French domestic cows were found to be similar to Bartonella species on the basis of phenotypic characteristics. Genotypic analysis based on sequence comparison of the 16S rRNA and citrate synthase (gltA) genes and on DNA–DNA hybridization showed that the two isolates represent a distinct and new species of Bartonella. Moreover, the phylogenetic analysis inferred from comparison of 16S rRNA and gltA sequences demonstrated that the new Bartonella species is related to other ruminant-derived Bartonella species. The name Bartonella chomelii is proposed for the new species. The type strain of Bartonella chomelii sp. nov. is A828T (=CIP 107869T=CCUG47497T).
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bos species"

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Bos, Merijn M. "Insect diversity and trophic interactions in shaded cacao agroforestry and natural forests in Indonesia." Doctoral thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://webdoc.sub.gwdg.de/diss/2006/bos.

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Rocha, Carolina Camargo. "Avaliações ultrassonográficas, morfométricas e histológicas testiculares de touros Bos taurus taurus submetidos a insulação escrotal sob o tratamento sistêmico com antioxidante e suplementado com ácidos graxos poli-insaturados." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10131/tde-01072013-112224/.

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Vários estudos indicam uma maior susceptibilidade ao estresse térmico de touros europeus quando criados em regiões tropicais, levando a efeitos deletérios à reprodução (e.g., diminuição da qualidade espermática, degeneração testicular). Tal fato pode causar expressivo prejuízo econômico visto que, nestas regiões, a estação de monta é realizada no verão. Um dos principais mecanismos propostos para explicar este efeito seria um aumento do estresse oxidativo. Assim, uma alternativa promissora seria o tratamento com antioxidantes e ácidos graxos poli-insaturados. O presente estudo tem como objetivo: Avaliar os possíveis efeitos benéficos da suplementação oral com ácidos graxos poli-insaturados (com vs. sem) e a ação protetora do tratamento sistêmico com vitamina E (com vs. sem) contra os danos oxidativos causados pelo estresse térmico testicular em touros taurinos insulados através das avaliações ultrassonográfica, morfométrica testicular (i.e, volume, temperatura, consistência, circunferência) e histológica dos testículos. Para isso, foram utilizados 16 touros Bos taurus taurus jovens (em torno de 2 anos de idade) divididos em 4 grupos (fatorial 2x2) com perfil espermático normal. Todos os animais foram submetidos à insulação testicular por um período de 96 horas. Foi realizada a ultrassonografia testicular a cada 13 dias por todo o período e mais dois meses após o período da insulação. Como controles foram avaliados os testículos dos touros antes da insulação. Concomitante à insulação, os animais foram divididos aleatoriamente em 4 lotes que foram submetidos a um arranjo fatorial 2x2, sendo um dos fatores a dieta rica em PUFA (Ácidos graxos poli-insaturados Megalac E®) todo o dia durante dois meses pós insulação. Já o tratamento sistêmico com Vitamina E (Monovin E®) foi realizado através da injeção subcutânea de 5 ml de α-tocoferol a cada 13 dias pós insulação com duração de dois meses pós insulação. Aos animais que não receberam a vitamina E, foi administrado o mesmo volume em placebo (óleo inerte). No final deste período, os animais foram castrados e os testículos utilizados para a histologia. Os resultados foram analisados através do SAS system for Windows e indicaram que tanto a suplementação oral de ácidos graxo poli-insaturados como o tratamento sistêmico com vitamina E, não alteraram as características ultrassonográficas, morfométricas e histológicas testiculares de touros de origem europeia submetidos a insulação testicular.
Several studies indicate an increased susceptibility to the heat stress in European bulls raised under tropical conditions, which leads to deleterious effects on reproduction (e.g., testicular degeneration, impaired sperm quality). This may cause significant economic losses since, in these regions, breeding season usually occurs during summer. The main mechanism proposed to explain such event is the oxidative stress. Therefore, an alternative to overcome this effect would be the treatment with antioxidant combined with a supplementation with poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The present study aimed to evaluate the possible beneficial effect of the oral PUFA supplementation combined with a protective antioxidant treatment to overcome the deleterious effects of the heat stress on testicular echogenicity, morphometry (i.e., volume, circumference, consistency) and histology. Towards this aim, 16 young but sexually mature Bos taurus taurus (around 2 years old). All animals were submitted to testicular warming for 96 hours. Simultaneously to the insulation, animals were randomly allocated into 4 groups in a 2x2 fatorial design. One of the factors was a PUFA supplementation (supplemented vs. nonsupplemented; Megalac E®) everyday for two months. The other factor was a systemic treatment with a subcutaneous administration of 5 mL of α-tocopherol (treated vs. non treated) every 13 days for two months. Animal that did not receive the treatment were injected with 5 mL of inert oil. Testicular ultrasound evaluation was performed each 13 days from the beginning until two months after testicular warming. At the end of the period experimental period, animals were castrated and the testicles were submitted to histological evaluation. Data were statistically analyzed using the SAS system for Windows. Results indicated that oral PUFA supplementation combined with the systemic -tocopherol treatment had no influence on testicular echogenicity, morphometry and hystology in European bulls submitted to testicular warming.
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Mburu, Francis Gérardin Philippe. "Etude et valorisation de différents bois du Kenya Study and valorization of different Kenyan wood species /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCD_T_2007_0057_MBURU.pdf.

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VAJANA, ELIA. "Studio della storia evoluzionistica e conservazione delle specie zootecniche attraverso analisi di genomica del paesaggio e modelli di nicchia ecologica." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/19085.

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Attività antropiche e pressioni di mercato stanno rapidamente riducendo la biodiversità. Per questa ragione, conservare il patrimonio ecosistemico, tassonomico e genetico risulta fondamentale al fine di garantire potenziale adattativo alle specie, e, in ultima analisi, un futuro sostenibile per il pianeta. Al fine di minimizzare la perdita di biodiversità, numerosi metodi sono stati proposti per priorizzare ecosistemi, specie e popolazioni. Il presente lavoro di tesi fornisce in primo luogo una revisione di tali approcci, proponendo un albero decisionale volto a favorirne un corretto utilizzo. Secondariamente, la variabilità genomica neutrale del bufalo d’acqua (Bubalus bubalis L.) è investigata per mezzo di un pannello di marcatori SNP a media densità, rivelando due centri di domesticazione (India Nord-occidentale, Cina-Indocina) e possibili rotte di migrazione per gli ecotipi ‘river’ e ‘swamp’. L’adattamento locale ad East Coast Fever, patologia endemica delle popolazioni bovine in Africa Sub-sahariana, è stato inoltre studiato in bovini autoctoni Ugandesi (Bos taurus L.) combinando tecniche di modellizzazione delle nicchie ecologiche e di genomica del paesaggio. L’approccio ha portato ad indentificare PRKG1 e SLA2 come possibili geni di adattamento. I risultati sono discussi alla luce delle possibili implicazioni nella conservazione del bufalo e nella gestione delle risorse genetiche animali Ugandesi.
Biodiversity is quickly disappearing due to human impact on the biosphere, and to market pressure. Consequently, the protection of both wild and domestic species needs to become a priority in order to preserve their evolutionary potential and, ultimately, guarantee a sustainable future for coming human generations. To date, tens of methods have been proposed to prioritize biodiversity for conservation purposes. Here, an ontology for priority setting in conservation biology is provided with the aim of supporting the selection of the most opportune methodologies given specific conservation goals. Further, two case studies are presented characterizing neutral and adaptive genomic diversity in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis L.) and indigenous Ugandan cattle (Bos taurus L.), respectively. In particular, two independent domestication centres (North-western India and Indochina) and separate migration routes are suggested for the ‘river’ and ‘swamp’ water buffalo types. In the case of indigenous Ugandan cattle, the integration of species distribution modelling and landscape genomics techniques allowed the identification of PRKG1 and SLA2 as candidate genes for local adaptation to East Coast Fever, a vector-borne disease affecting bovine populations of Sub-Saharan Africa. Results are discussed for their implications in water buffalo conservation and Ugandan cattle adaptive management.
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Greenup, Alison Laura. "Responses of peatland vegetation and methane flux to environmental change." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327727.

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Loizou, T. "Describing bog surfaces." Thesis, University of Dundee, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366994.

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Cassata, Joseph Frank. "Relay Protection Scheme for Special Power Flow Controllers." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1595355623363128.

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Salter, Paul Andrew. "Novel bis(calix[4]arene) based systems for the selective recognition of anionic guest species." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365400.

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Sewell, Laura Jane. "Exploring the reactivity patterns of cationic and neutral rhodium bis-phosphine species with amine-boranes." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:21b883f1-9ffd-4589-ad82-1243b988af91.

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This thesis details the synthesis of novel Rh(I) and Rh(III) bis-phosphine fragments, and their use, along with other known rhodium species, to investigate the reactivity of amine-boranes, with a particular focus on the dehydrocoupling of the secondary amine-borane H3B.NMe2H (DMAB). Chapter 2 utilises the new mixed phosphine, PtBuiBu2, to investigate the role of the phosphine with regard to the corresponding low-coordinate organometallic species isolated. Their coordination and reactivity with amine-boranes is studied, leading to the development of a mechanism for an alkene hydroboration catalyst that employs H3B.NMe3 (TMAB). The final section of the chapter studies several fluxional processes pertinent to rhodium and iridium complexes of the model amine-borane TMAB using H/D exchange and low temperature NMR experiments. In Chapter 3, the mechanism of dehydrocoupling of DMAB is investigated in detail, employing catalysts based on the cationic bis¬-phosphine Rh fragment, {Rh(PCy3)2Ln}+. A series of stoichiometric and catalytic reactions are probed using NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, revealing a complex mechanistic landscape. Subtleties include: the product of dehydrocoupling, [H2BNMe2]2, acting in an autocatalytic role; and parallel dehydrogenation of DMAB by a neutral catalyst present in a low but constant concentration. The mechanism was additionally interrogated through kinetic simulations conducted by Prof. Guy C. Lloyd-Jones (University of Bristol). From this, a generic mechanistic scheme has been suggested, aspects of which can be applied to transition metal and main group systems reported to catalyse the dehydrocoupling of DMAB. The final chapter moves on from cationic rhodium fragments to investigate the reactivity of the neutral rhodium species, Rh(H)2(PCy3)2Cl and [Rh(PCy3)2Cl]2, with amine-boranes. The mechanism by which Rh(H)2(PCy3)2Cl catalyses the dehydrogenation of DMAB has been investigated through initial rate and H/D exchange experiments, leading to the proposal of a reaction scheme. Additionally, the formation and characterisation of a base-stabilised boryl species has been reported resulting from the reactivity of an amino-borane with [Rh(PCy3)2Cl]2.
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Leite, Yuri L. R. "Evolution and systematics of the Atlantic tree rats, genus Phyllomys (Rodentia, Echimyidae), with description of two new species /." Berkeley, Calif. [u.a.] : Univ. of California Press, 2003. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/bios/ucal051/2004297025.html.

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Books on the topic "Bos species"

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Gunther, Stephen J. Coprophagy in monogastric and ruminant species: A comparison between the horse (Equus caballus) and the cow (Bos taurus). Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, Department of Biology, 1998.

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Penhallow, D. P. Two species of trees from the post-glacial of Illinois. [S.l: s.n., 1986.

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Achard, Jean-Luc. The dawn of awareness: The practice manual for the special preliminaries of Dzogchen. [S.l.]: Naldjor--Institute for Movement and Tibetan Yoga, 2006.

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Calendar of events, 2067 B.S. (2010-2011 A.D.). Kathmandu: Nepal Tourism Board, 2010.

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Sekretariat, Kultusministerkonferenz (Germany). Sonderpädagogische Förderung in Schulen 1990 bis 1999. Bonn: Sekretariat der Ständigen Konferenz der Kultusminister der Länder in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, 2001.

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Impey, Murchison Roderick. On the occurrence of numerous fragments of fir-wood in the islands of the arctic archipelago: With remarks on the rock-specimens brought from that region. [S.l: s.n., 1987.

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Glenn, Dakin, and Chapman Keith, eds. Fun time with Bob. Lincolnwood, Ill: Publications International, 2003.

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Bob the Builder: Busy builder. Lincolnwood, Ill: Publications International, 2002.

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Vince, Giarrano, Chapman Keith, and Hit Entertainment, eds. Bob the builder: Bob's recycling day. New York, N.Y: Simon Spotlight, 2001.

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Ruddat, Günter. Religionsunterricht in der Hilfsschule von den Anfängen bis 1945. Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Bos species"

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Baltzinger, Christophe, Ushma Shukla, Lindelwa S. Msweli, and Colleen T. Downs. "Ungulates as dispersal vectors of non-native plants." In Plant invasions: the role of biotic interactions, 105–37. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242171.0105.

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Abstract Ungulates are present worldwide with 257 recorded species, including livestock. They cover different functional gradients, be it feeding regime, digestive strategy, body size, body mass, fur characteristics or sociality. All these specificities may intervene at different stages of animal-mediated plant dispersal. Ungulates move diaspores from both native and non-native plants, through endo- and epizoochory. Initially introduced by humans, non-native plants bearing specific traits can be carried over long distances and to new environments by ungulates. These vectors can further free local resources necessary for the germination and the subsequent growth of the released diaspores. We first looked at trait-based plant community changes at different timescales in the presence of different native ungulates. We then reviewed the literature on endozoochory, regurgitation and fur-epizoochory assisted by ungulates, focusing on the dispersal of non-native plants. We made an overall assessment of ungulate-mediated non-native plant dispersal by biogeographical zone and dispersal mode, and then provided additional information on plant growth form and taxonomy, vectors and associated modes of dispersal. Results are presented for four main ungulate families: Cervidae, Bovidae, Suidae and Equidae. For each family, we highlight our findings either by ungulate if sufficiently represented (e.g. Odocoileus virginianus, Bison bison, Bos taurus) or by group of species. According to their feeding regime, grazers dispersed solely forbs and graminoids whereas omnivores also dispersed plants from other growth forms (i.e. cactus, vine, shrub and tree). Numerous non-native plants are dispersed by ungulates around the world, but this is probably the visible part of the iceberg, as only 32 ungulates (i.e. 12%) have been studied as vectors so far, suggesting their overall contribution is certainly underrated.
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Gillard, R. D., Julio Pedrosa De Jesus, P. S. Sheridan, J. D. Petersen, and Stephen F. Clark. "Compounds Containing thecis-Bis(Ethylenediamine)Rhodium(III) Species." In Inorganic Syntheses, 57–61. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470132517.ch17.

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Kakkar, Harjasnoor, Berta Martínez-Bachs, and Albert Rimola. "An Ab Initio Computational Study of Binding Energies of Interstellar Complex Organic Molecules on Crystalline Water Ice Surface Models." In Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2022 Workshops, 281–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10562-3_21.

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AbstractThe interstellar medium is extremely heterogeneous in terms of physical environments and chemical composition. Spectroscopic observations in the recent decades have revealed the presence of gaseous material and dust grains covered in ices predominantly of water in interstellar clouds, the interplay of which may elucidate the existence of more than 250 molecular species. Of these species of varied complexity, several terrestrial carbon-containing compounds have been discovered, known as interstellar complex organic molecules (iCOMs) in the astrochemical argot. In order to investigate the formation of iCOMs, it is crucial to explore gas-grain chemistry and in this regard, one of the fundamental parameters is the binding energy (BE), which is an essential input in astrochemical models. In this work, the BEs of 13 iCOMs on a crystalline H2O-ice surface have been computed by means of quantum chemical periodic calculations. The hybrid B3LYP-D3 DFT method was used for the geometry optimizations of the adsorbate/ice systems and for computing the BEs. Furthermore, to refine the BE values, an ONIOM2-like approximation has been employed to obtain them at CCSD(T), which correlate well with those obtained at B3LYP-D3. Additionally, aiming to lower the computational cost, structural optimizations were carried out using the HF-3c level of theory, followed by single point energy calculations at B3LYP-D3 in order to obtain BE values comparable to the full DFT treatment.
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Hodda, Mike, and Walter Traunspurger. "Nematodes from extreme and unusual freshwater habitats." In Ecology of freshwater nematodes, 109–50. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789243635.0004.

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Abstract This chapter discusses the ecology and biogeography of nematodes from freshwater environments that are extreme in temperature, chemical composition, variability, or isolation. Described and compared are the compositions of nematode faunas from hot or mineral springs, pools and bogs in polar regions, intermittent lakes or pools or streams, freshwater pools in bromeliads or tree hollows, stemflow, fresh groundwaters, and caves. Comparisons of the nematode faunas from these extreme habitats with those from more typical freshwater environments are also provided. Also discussed are nematodes with evolutionary affinities to freshwaters that are found in estuarine sediments along with nematodes from freshwaters with evolutionary affinities to otherwise marine taxa. The emphasis is on broad ecological patterns rather than on detailed species interactions with the various freshwater environments. Thus, the chapter focuses on genera or higher taxa rather than species.
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Wiegers, J. "Carr vegetation: plant communities and succession of the dominant tree species." In Fens and Bogs in the Netherlands, 361–95. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7997-1_8.

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Loureiro, Ana F., and S. Yakubovich. "On Especial Cases of Boas-Buck-Type Polynomial Sequences." In Analytic Number Theory, Approximation Theory, and Special Functions, 705–20. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0258-3_26.

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Brockhoff, Tobias, Merih Seran Uysal, Isabelle Terrier, Heiko Göhner, and Wil M. P. van der Aalst. "Analyzing Multi-level BOM-Structured Event Data." In Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, 47–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98581-3_4.

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AbstractWith the advent of Industry 4.0, increasing amounts of data on operational processes (e.g., manufacturing processes) become available. These processes can involve hundreds of different materials for a relatively small number of manufactured special-purpose machines rendering classical process discovery and analysis techniques infeasible. However, in contrast to most standard business processes, additional structural information is often available—for example, Bills of Materials (BOMs), listing the required materials, or Multi-level Manufacturing Bills of Materials (M2BOMs), which additionally show the material composition. This work investigates how structural information given by Multi-level Bills of Materials (M2BOMs) can be integrated into a top-down operational process analysis framework to improve special-purpose machine manufacturing processes. The approach is evaluated on industrial-scale printer assembly data provided by Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG.
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Pan, Meixia, Chao Qin, and Xianlin Han. "Quantitative Analysis of Polyphosphoinositide, Bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate, and Phosphatidylglycerol Species by Shotgun Lipidomics After Methylation." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 77–91. New York, NY: Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1410-5_6.

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Jain, Vartika, Mimosa Ghorai, Tuyelee Das, and Abhijit Dey. "Anticancerous Compounds from Bryophytes: Recent Advances with Special Emphasis on Bis(bi)benzyls." In Reference Series in Phytochemistry, 1–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97415-2_3-1.

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van Duinen, G. A., T. Timm, A. J. P. Smolders, A. M. T. Brock, W. C. E. P. Verberk, and H. Esselink. "Differential response of aquatic oligochaete species to increased nutrient availability - a comparative study between Estonian and Dutch raised bogs." In Aquatic Oligochaete Biology IX, 143–55. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-5368-1_14.

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Conference papers on the topic "Bos species"

1

Miranda, Vanessa Regina, and Nelson Henrique Morgon. "Estudo Teórico in silico da Interação entre Geraniol e o Sítio Ativo da Opsina Bovina." In VIII Simpósio de Estrutura Eletrônica e Dinâmica Molecular. Universidade de Brasília, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21826/viiiseedmol202053.

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The bovine opsin protein, 6PGS, is present in the eye of the Bos taurus species, and has activity throughout the period of development of the retina, remaining until its adult stage. The interaction of the geraniol ligand, which has anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, with the active site of the protein was studied through theoretical calculations using Density Functional Theory. The molecular structure results show that in the interaction process of geraniol with the active site of 6PGS there is a distortion in the geometry of the ligand. Through the UV-Vis spectra, a shift of the wavelength maximum value in relation to the free geraniol is observed, of the order of 50 nm.
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Lubart, Rachel, Harry Friedman, Nili Grossman, Natalie Cohen, and Haim Breitbart. "Reactive oxygen species and photobiostimulation." In BiOS Europe '97, edited by Tiina I. Karu and Anthony R. Young. SPIE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.297993.

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Golding, Paul S., L. Maddocks, Terence A. King, and D. B. Drucker. "Eradication of bacterial species via photosensitization." In BiOS Europe '98, edited by Benjamin Ehrenberg and Kristian Berg. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.339135.

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Takahashi, Masato. "bogs." In SIGGRAPH07: Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1280120.1280179.

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Felekyan, Suren, Stanislav Kalinin, Alessandro Valeri, and Claus A. M. Seidel. "Filtered FCS and species cross correlation function." In SPIE BiOS: Biomedical Optics, edited by Ammasi Periasamy and Peter T. C. So. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.814876.

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Zhang, WeiNa, and WenLi Chen. "Autophagy induction upon reactive oxygen species in Cd-stressed Arabidopsis thaliana." In BiOS, edited by Daniel L. Farkas, Dan V. Nicolau, and Robert C. Leif. SPIE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.841394.

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Beier, Brooke D., Robert G. Quivey, and Andrew J. Berger. "Confocal Raman microscopy for identification of bacterial species in biofilms." In SPIE BiOS, edited by Benjamin L. Miller and Philippe M. Fauchet. SPIE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.871819.

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de Moura Jorge, Nilo. "On the Reliability and Risk Analysis of Subsea Blowouts Preventers With Focused Attention on DP Rigs." In ASME 2005 24th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2005-67408.

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This paper provides a selection of findings on the reliability and risk analysis of submarine blowout preventers (BOPs) achieved in recent studies, which the author has participated among technicians in Petrobras and Rio de Janeiro Federal University - UFRJ. Petrobras is a deepwater E&P leading company and special attention has been given on the deepwater and ultra deepwater scenarios. Particular factors on the BOP for dynamic positioning (DP) rigs need to be accounted as far as risks on safety and downtime are concerned. The analyses have considered a comprehensive BOP reliability database that covers more than 12 years of experience, as well as, a collection of DP experience has been accessed during work. The riser safety margin tends to be unavailable as the water depth becomes deeper, and, so, in an emergency disconnection, the safety isolation of the well tends to be relied on the BOP mechanical barriers only. In this context, risks on different configurations of the BOP are compared and their results discussed with focused attention on main factors of risk. Finally, there has been visible progress on BOP reliability within recent years and a number of good operational practices in place are also mentioned in the paper.
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Price, Michael, Nakaiya Okan-Mensah, Ann Marie Santiago, and David Kessel. "The role of reactive oxygen species in PDT efficacy." In SPIE BiOS: Biomedical Optics, edited by David H. Kessel. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.810231.

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Tran, Stephanie U., Jeremy S. Ridge, Leonard Y. Nelson, and Eric J. Seibel. "Laser investigation of the non-uniformity of fluorescent species in dental enamel." In SPIE BiOS, edited by Peter Rechmann and Daniel Fried. SPIE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2002519.

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Reports on the topic "Bos species"

1

Saleh, Tarik A., Matthew Estevan Quintana, and Tobias J. Romero. Shear Punch Testing of BOR-60 Irradiated TEM Specimens. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1363742.

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Shenker, Moshe, Paul R. Bloom, Abraham Shaviv, Adina Paytan, Barbara J. Cade-Menun, Yona Chen, and Jorge Tarchitzky. Fate of Phosphorus Originated from Treated Wastewater and Biosolids in Soils: Speciation, Transport, and Accumulation. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7697103.bard.

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Beneficial use of reclaimed wastewater (RW) and biosolids (BS) in soils is accompanied by large input of sewage-originated P. Prolonged application may result in P accumulation up to levelsBeneficial use of reclaimed wastewater (RW) and biosolids (BS) in soils is accompanied by large input of sewage-originated P. Prolonged application may result in P accumulation up to levels that impair plant nutrition, increase P loss, and promote eutrophication in downstream waters. This study aims to shed light on the RW- and BS-P forms in soils and to follow the processes that determine P reactivity, solubility, availability, and loss in RW and BS treated soils. The Technion group used sequential P extraction combined with measuring stable oxygen isotopic composition in phosphate (δ18OP) and with 31P-NMR studies to probe P speciation and transformations in soils irrigated with RW or fresh water (FW). The application of the δ18OP method to probe inorganic P (Pi) speciation and transformations in soils was developed through collaboration between the Technion and the UCSC groups. The method was used to trace Pi in water-, NaHCO3-, NaOH-, and HCl- P fractions in a calcareous clay soil (Acre, Israel) irrigated with RW or FW. The δ18OP signature changes during a month of incubation indicated biogeochemical processes. The water soluble Pi (WSPi) was affected by enzymatic activity yielding isotopic equilibrium with the water molecules in the soil solution. Further it interacted rapidly with the NaHCO3-Pi. The more stable Pi pools also exhibited isotopic alterations in the first two weeks after P application, likely related to microbial activity. Isotopic depletion which could result from organic P (PO) mineralization was followed by enrichment which may result from biologic discrimination in the uptake. Similar transformations were observed in both soils although transformations related to biological activity were more pronounced in the soil treated with RW. Specific P compounds were identified by the Technion group, using solution-state 31P-NMR in wastewater and in soil P extracts from Acre soils irrigated by RW and FW. Few identified PO compounds (e.g., D-glucose-6-phosphate) indicated coupled transformations of P and C in the wastewater. The RW soil retained higher P content, mainly in the labile fractions, but lower labile PO, than the FW soil; this and the fact that P species in the various soil extracts of the RW soil appear independent of P species in the RW are attributed to enhanced biological activity and P recycling in the RW soil. Consistent with that, both soils retained very similar P species in the soil pools. The HUJ group tested P stabilization to maximize the environmental safe application rates and the agronomic beneficial use of BS. Sequential P extraction indicated that the most reactive BS-P forms: WSP, membrane-P, and NaHCO3-P, were effectively stabilized by ferrous sulfate (FeSul), calcium oxide (CaO), or aluminum sulfate (alum). After applying the stabilized BS, or fresh BS (FBS), FBS compost (BSC), or P fertilizer (KH2PO4) to an alluvial soil, P availability was probed during 100 days of incubation. A plant-based bioassay indicated that P availability followed the order KH2PO4 >> alum-BS > BSC ≥ FBS > CaO-BS >> FeSul-BS. The WSPi concentration in soil increased following FBS or BSC application, and P mineralization further increased it during incubation. In contrast, the chemically stabilized BS reduced WSPi concentrations relative to the untreated soil. It was concluded that the chemically stabilized BS effectively controlled WSPi in the soil while still supplying P to support plant growth. Using the sequential extraction procedure the persistence of P availability in BS treated soils was shown to be of a long-term nature. 15 years after the last BS application to MN soils that were annually amended for 20 years by heavy rates of BS, about 25% of the added BS-P was found in the labile fractions. The UMN group further probed soil-P speciation in these soils by bulk and micro X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES). This newly developed method was shown to be a powerful tool for P speciation in soils. In a control soil (no BS added), 54% of the total P was PO and it was mostly identified as phytic acid; 15% was identified as brushite and 26% as strengite. A corn crop BS amended soil included mostly P-Fe-peat complex, variscite and Al-P-peat complex but no Ca-P while in a BS-grass soil octacalcium phosphate was identified and o-phosphorylethanolamine or phytic acid was shown to dominate the PO fraction that impair plant nutrition, increase P loss, and promote eutrophication in downstream waters. This study aims to shed light on the RW- and BS-P forms in soils and to follow the processes that determine P reactivity, solubility, availability, and loss in RW and BS treated soils. The Technion group used sequential P extraction combined with measuring stable oxygen isotopic composition in phosphate (δ18OP) and with 31P-NMR studies to probe P speciation and transformations in soils irrigated with RW or fresh water (FW). The application of the δ18OP method to probe inorganic P (Pi) speciation and transformations in soils was developed through collaboration between the Technion and the UCSC groups. The method was used to trace Pi in water-, NaHCO3-, NaOH-, and HCl- P fractions in a calcareous clay soil (Acre, Israel) irrigated with RW or FW. The δ18OP signature changes during a month of incubation indicated biogeochemical processes. The water soluble Pi (WSPi) was affected by enzymatic activity yielding isotopic equilibrium with the water molecules in the soil solution. Further it interacted rapidly with the NaHCO3-Pi. The more stable Pi pools also exhibited isotopic alterations in the first two weeks after P application, likely related to microbial activity. Isotopic depletion which could result from organic P (PO) mineralization was followed by enrichment which may result from biologic discrimination in the uptake. Similar transformations were observed in both soils although transformations related to biological activity were more pronounced in the soil treated with RW. Specific P compounds were identified by the Technion group, using solution-state 31P-NMR in wastewater and in soil P extracts from Acre soils irrigated by RW and FW. Few identified PO compounds (e.g., D-glucose-6-phosphate) indicated coupled transformations of P and C in the wastewater. The RW soil retained higher P content, mainly in the labile fractions, but lower labile PO, than the FW soil; this and the fact that P species in the various soil extracts of the RW soil appear independent of P species in the RW are attributed to enhanced biological activity and P recycling in the RW soil. Consistent with that, both soils retained very similar P species in the soil pools. The HUJ group tested P stabilization to maximize the environmental safe application rates and the agronomic beneficial use of BS. Sequential P extraction indicated that the most reactive BS-P forms: WSP, membrane-P, and NaHCO3-P, were effectively stabilized by ferrous sulfate (FeSul), calcium oxide (CaO), or aluminum sulfate (alum). After applying the stabilized BS, or fresh BS (FBS), FBS compost (BSC), or P fertilizer (KH2PO4) to an alluvial soil, P availability was probed during 100 days of incubation. A plant-based bioassay indicated that P availability followed the order KH2PO4 >> alum-BS > BSC ≥ FBS > CaO-BS >> FeSul-BS. The WSPi concentration in soil increased following FBS or BSC application, and P mineralization further increased it during incubation. In contrast, the chemically stabilized BS reduced WSPi concentrations relative to the untreated soil. It was concluded that the chemically stabilized BS effectively controlled WSPi in the soil while still supplying P to support plant growth. Using the sequential extraction procedure the persistence of P availability in BS treated soils was shown to be of a long-term nature. 15 years after the last BS application to MN soils that were annually amended for 20 years by heavy rates of BS, about 25% of the added BS-P was found in the labile fractions. The UMN group further probed soil-P speciation in these soils by bulk and micro X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES). This newly developed method was shown to be a powerful tool for P speciation in soils. In a control soil (no BS added), 54% of the total P was PO and it was mostly identified as phytic acid; 15% was identified as brushite and 26% as strengite. A corn crop BS amended soil included mostly P-Fe-peat complex, variscite and Al-P-peat complex but no Ca-P while in a BS-grass soil octacalcium phosphate was identified and o-phosphorylethanolamine or phytic acid was shown to dominate the PO fraction.
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3

Gazda, J., M. Meshii, and H. Tsai. Room-temperature fracture in V-(4-5)Cr-(4-5)Ti tensile specimens irradiated in Fusion-1 BOR-60 experiment. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/330607.

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Weissinger, Rebecca. Evaluation of hanging-garden endemic-plant monitoring at Southeast Utah Group national parks, 2013–2020. Edited by Alice Wondrak Biel. National Park Service, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294868.

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Hanging gardens are the most common type of spring at Arches National Park (NP) and Natural Bridges National Monument (NM). They are also present at Canyonlands National Park, but hanging gardens are rare off the Colorado Plateau. Their cliffside setting provides stable access to water without flood disturbance. This combination provides unique habitat that is rich in endemic plant species. The diffuse, seeping emergence of water makes measuring springflow impossible at most sites. Park managers have an interest in monitoring hanging gardens—especially as the climate warms and aridity and water demand both increase. The Northern Colorado Plateau Net-work (NCPN) proposed methods for monitoring seven perennial endemic-plant species at hanging gardens as indicators of spring health and proxies for water availability. Because hanging gardens occur on bedrock outcrops, systematic or random sampling was not possible due to safety concerns and potential resource damage on steep, wet slopes. Examining eight years (2013–2020) of data, this report evaluates the suitability of endemic-plant count data at hanging gardens as a monitoring indicator. It also provides our first evaluation of status and trends at NCPN hanging gardens. The seven species included in monitoring were Rydberg’s thistle (Cirsium rydbergii), Kachina daisy (Erigeron kachinensis), alcove death camas (Zigadenus vaginatus), alcove bog orchid (Habenaria zothecina), cave primrose (Primula specuicola), alcove columbine (Aquilegia micrantha), and Eastwood’s monkeyflower (Mimulus eastwoodiae). Six of the seven species were found at each park. Up to 500 individuals of each species were counted at 42 hanging gardens in Arches NP, 14 hanging gardens in Natural Bridges NM, and 3 hanging gardens in Canyonlands NP. Larger populations were divided into count classes of 501–1,000, 1,001–10,000, and more than 10,000 individuals. Counts from two independent observers and from back-to-back years of sampling were compared for repeatability. Repeatability in count classes was less than 50% for Kachina daisy and Eastwood’s monkeyflower, which both propagate vegetatively via ramets and/or stolons. Repeatability was greater than 90% for only one species, Rydberg’s thistle. The remaining species were categorized in different classes between 15–40% of the time. Independent-observer comparisons were only available for 6.6% of the dataset, but these observations suggested that (1) observer bias was present and (2) the observer with more experience working in hanging gardens generally had higher counts than the observer with less experience in this system. Although repeatability was variable, it was within the range reported by other studies for most species. The NCPN, in discussion with park staff, has elected to make some modifications to the protocol but will continue using endemic plant counts as an indicator of hanging-garden health to maintain a biological variable as a complement to our physical-response data. This is due to their high value to park biodiversity and the difficulty of developing a more robust approach to monitoring in these sites. Endemic-plant monitoring will continue for the five species with the highest repeatability during pilot monitoring and will focus on detecting changes in smaller populations. Most hanging gardens have more than one endemic species present, so several populations can be tracked at each site. Our period of record is relatively brief, and the distribution of endemic-plant populations in different count classes at these sites has not yet shown any statistical trends over time. Be-cause of the large count classes, our methods are more sensitive to showing change in smaller populations (fewer than 500 individuals). Small populations are also of greatest concern to park managers because of their vulnerability to declines or extirpation due to drought. Over-all, more sites had endemic-plant populations of fewer than 100 individuals at the end...
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Savaldi-Goldstein, Sigal, and Todd C. Mockler. Precise Mapping of Growth Hormone Effects by Cell-Specific Gene Activation Response. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7699849.bard.

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Plant yield largely depends on a complex interplay and feedback mechanisms of distinct hormonal pathways. Over the past decade great progress has been made in elucidating the global molecular mechanisms by which each hormone is produced and perceived. However, our knowledge of how interactions between hormonal pathways are spatially and temporally regulated remains rudimentary. For example, we have demonstrated that although the BR receptor BRI1 is widely expressed, the perception of BRs in epidermal cells is sufficient to control whole-organ growth. Supported by additional recent works, it is apparent that hormones are acting in selected cells of the plant body to regulate organ growth, and furthermore, that local cell-cell communication is an important mechanism. In this proposal our goals were to identify the global profile of translated genes in response to BR stimulation and depletion in specific tissues in Arabidopsis; determine the spatio-temporal dependency of BR response on auxin transport and signaling and construct an interactive public website that will provide an integrated analysis of the data set. Our technology incorporated cell-specific polysome isolation and sequencing using the Solexa technology. In the first aim, we generated and confirmed the specificity of novel transgenic lines expressing tagged ribosomal protein in various cell types in the Arabidopsis primary root. We next crossed these lines to lines with targeted expression of BRI1 in the bri1 background. All lines were treated with BRs for two time points. The RNA-seq of their corresponding immunopurified polysomal RNA is nearly completed and the bioinformatic analysis of the data set will be completed this year. Followed, we will construct an interactive public website (our third aim). In the second aim we started revealing how spatio-temporalBR activity impinges on auxin transport in the Arabidopsis primary root. We discovered the unexpected role of BRs in controlling the expression of specific auxin efflux carriers, post-transcriptionally (Hacham et al, 2012). We also showed that this regulation depends on the specific expression of BRI1 in the epidermis. This complex and long term effect of BRs on auxin transport led us to focus on high resolution analysis of the BR signaling per se. Taking together, our ongoing collaboration and synergistic expertise (hormone action and plant development (IL) and whole-genome scale data analysis (US)) enabled the establishment of a powerful system that will tell us how distinct cell types respond to local and systemic BR signal. BR research is of special agriculture importance since BR application and BR genetic modification have been shown to significantly increase crop yield and to play an important role in plant thermotolerance. Hence, our integrated dataset is valuable for improving crop traits without unwanted impairment of unrelated pathways, for example, establishing semi-dwarf stature to allow increased yield in high planting density, inducing erect leaves for better light capture and consequent biomass increase and plant resistance to abiotic stresses.
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6

Schaffer, Arthur A., and Jocelyn Rose. Understanding Cuticle Development in Tomato through the Study of Novel Germplasm with Malformed Cuticles. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7593401.bard.

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Plant cuticle development and metabolism are still poorly understood, partly due to the chemical complexity of the cuticular layer. The overall research objective was to broaden and deepen our understanding of tomato fruit cuticle development by analyzing novel germplasm with cuticular malformations and by studying the transcriptome and proteome of the fruit epidermal tissues, as strategies to overcome the challenges posed by the recalcitrance of the biological system. During the project we succeeded in identifying two genes with major impact on cuticle development. One of these encoded the first cutin synthase to be identified in plants, a metabolic step that had been a black box in cutin synthesis. In addition genes controlling the triterpenoid components of the cuticle were identified and, most interestingly, genetic variability for this component was identified among the wild tomato species germplasm. Additional germplasm was developed based on interspecific crosses that will allow for the future characterization of modifier genes that interact with the microfissuring gene (CWP) to promote or inhibit fruit cracking. One of the major accomplishments of the joint project was the integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of the fruit cuticle and underlying tissues which allows for the identification of the pericarp cell layers responsible for the extracellular, cuticle-localized protein component. The results of the project have expanded our understanding of tomato fruit cuticle development and its genetic control. In addition, germplasm developed will be useful in developing tomato varieties resistant to cracking, on the one hand, and varieties useful for the dehydration industry on the other.
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Fagúndez, Jaime, Laura Lagos, José Antonio Cortés Vázquez, and Flávia Canastra. Galician Wild Ponies. Socio-Economic Context and Environmental Benefits: Galicia Area Report and Case Study for GrazeLIFE (LIFE18 PRE NL 002). Publishing Service-University of A Coruña, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17979/spudc.9788497498234.

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The University of A Coruña is partner of the GRAZELIFE LIFE preparatory project (LIFE 18 PRE/NL002). We contributed to the main aim of the project of promoting sustainable grazing by large herbivores, with the study of the particular case of Galician wild ponies as a natural grazing semi-wild land use model, and alternative land uses of short and long-term afforestation, extensive grazing and abandonment. We selected two sub-areas in Galicia representing different situations in dominant land uses and the wild ponies’ system. Xistral, in the north, is a protected Natura 2000 site covered by wet heaths and bogs, ponies are owned by commoners that are mainly cattle farmers. Groba, in the south, is a drier area with dominance of forestry use and high frequency of wildfires, where ponies are owned by non-professional farmers. We performed twenty personal semi-structured interviews with pony owners, land owners and related experts from different sectors (afforestation, tourism, conservation NGOs), and performed two focus groups. We discussed topics such as their relation with ponies, the challenges they face, their demands and feelings on the policies, including CAP subsidies or compensations for wolf attacks, and their expectations for the future. In the field, we selected representative stands of each land use model in each sub-area and performed a systematic record of plant species, measures of plant biomass, and collected soil samples. Measures were used as proxies of biodiversity changes, carbon storage and wildfire risk, to compare between the selected models.
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8

Fagúndez, Jaime, Laura Lagos, José Antonio Cortés Vázquez, and Flávia Canastra. Galician Wild Ponies. Socio-Economic Context and Environmental Benefits: Galicia Area Report and Case Study for GrazeLIFE (LIFE18 PRE NL 002). Publishing Service-University of A Coruña, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17979/spudc.9788497498241.

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Abstract:
The University of A Coruña is partner of the GRAZELIFE LIFE preparatory project (LIFE 18 PRE/NL002). We contributed to the main aim of the project of promoting sustainable grazing by large herbivores, with the study of the particular case of Galician wild ponies as a natural grazing semi-wild land use model, and alternative land uses of short and long-term afforestation, extensive grazing and abandonment. We selected two sub-areas in Galicia representing different situations in dominant land uses and the wild ponies’ system. Xistral, in the north, is a protected Natura 2000 site covered by wet heaths and bogs, ponies are owned by commoners that are mainly cattle farmers. Groba, in the south, is a drier area with dominance of forestry use and high frequency of wildfires, where ponies are owned by non-professional farmers. We performed twenty personal semi-structured interviews with pony owners, land owners and related experts from different sectors (afforestation, tourism, conservation NGOs), and performed two focus groups. We discussed topics such as their relation with ponies, the challenges they face, their demands and feelings on the policies, including CAP subsidies or compensations for wolf attacks, and their expectations for the future. In the field, we selected representative stands of each land use model in each sub-area and performed a systematic record of plant species, measures of plant biomass, and collected soil samples. Measures were used as proxies of biodiversity changes, carbon storage and wildfire risk, to compare between the selected models.
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9

Hotsur, Oksana. SOCIAL NETWORKS AND BLOGS AS TOOLS PR-CAMPAIGN IMPLEMENTATIONS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.50.11110.

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The article deals with the ways in which social networks and the blogosphere influence the formation and implementation of a PR campaign. Examples from the political sphere (election campaigns, initiatives), business (TV brands, traditional and online media) have revealed the opportunities that Facebook, Telegram, Twitter, YouTube and blogs promote in promoting advertising, ideas, campaigns, thoughts, or products. Author blogs created on special websites or online media may not be as much of a tool in PR as an additional tool on social media. It is noted that choosing a blog as the main tool of PR campaign has both positive and negative points. Social networks intervene in the sphere of human life, become a means of communication, promotion, branding. The effectiveness of social networks has been evidenced by such historically significant events as Brexit, the Arab Spring, and the Revolution of Dignity. Special attention was paid to the 2019 presidential election. Based on the analysis of individual PR campaigns, the reasons for successful and unsuccessful campaigns from the point of view of network communication, which provide unlimited multimedia and interactive tools for PR, are highlighted. In fact, these concepts significantly affect the effectiveness of the implementation of PR-campaign, its final effectiveness, which is determined by the achievement of goals. Attention is drawn to the culture of communication during the PR campaign, as well as the concepts of “trolls”, “trolling”, “bots”, “botoin industry”. The social communication component of these concepts is unconditional. Choosing a blog as the main tool of a marketing campaign has both positive and negative aspects. Only a person with great creative potential can run and create a blog. In addition, it takes a long time. In fact, these two points are losing compared to other internet marketing tools. Further research is interesting in two respects. First, a comparison of the dynamics of the effectiveness of PR-campaign tools in Ukraine in 2020 and in the past, in particular, at the dawn of state independence. Secondly, to investigate how/or the concept of PR-campaigns in social networks and blogs is constantly changing.
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Friedman, Haya, Julia Vrebalov, and James Giovannoni. Elucidating the ripening signaling pathway in banana for improved fruit quality, shelf-life and food security. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7594401.bard.

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Background : Banana being a monocot and having distinct peel and pulp tissues is unique among the fleshy fruits and hence can provide a more comprehensive understanding of fruit ripening. Our previous research which translated ripening discoveries from tomato, led to the identification of six banana fruit-associated MADS-box genes, and we confirmed the positive role of MaMADS1/2 in banana ripening. The overall goal was to further elucidate the banana ripening signaling pathway as mediated by MADS-boxtranscriptional regulators. Specific objectives were: 1) characterize transcriptional profiles and quality of MaMADS1/2 repressed fruit; 2) reveal the role of additional MaMADSgenes in ripening; 3) develop a model of fruit MaMADS-box mode of action; and 4) isolate new components of the banana ripening signaling pathway. Major conclusion: The functions of the banana MaMADS1-5 have been examined by complimenting the rinor the TAGL1-suppressed lines of tomato. Only MaMADS5 exhibited partial complementation of TAGL1-suppressed and rinlines, suggesting that while similar genes play corresponding roles in ripening, evolutionary divergence makes heterologous complementation studies challenging. Nevertheless, the partial complementation of tomato TAGL1-surpessed and rinlines with MaMADS5 suggests this gene is likely an important ripening regulator in banana, worthy of further study. RNA-seqtranscriptome analysis during ripening was performed on WT and MaMADS2-suppressed lines revealing additional candidate genes contributing to ripening control mechanisms. In summary, we discovered 39 MaMADS-box genes in addition to homologues of CNR, NOR and HB-1 expressed in banana fruits, and which were shown in tomato to play necessary roles in ripening. For most of these genes the expression in peel and pulp was similar. However, a number of key genes were differentially expressed between these tissues indicating that the regulatory components which are active in peel and pulp include both common and tissue-specific regulatory systems, a distinction as compared to the more uniform tomato fruit pericarp. Because plant hormones are well documented to affect fruit ripening, the expressions of genes within the auxin, gibberellin, abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, salicylic and ethylene signal transduction and synthesis pathways were targeted in our transcriptome analysis. Genes’ expression associated with these pathways generally declined during normal ripening in both peel and pulp, excluding cytokinin and ethylene, and this decline was delayed in MaMADS2-suppressed banana lines. Hence, we suggest that normal MaMADS2 activity promotes the observed downward expression within these non-ethylene pathways (especially in the pulp), thus enabling ripening progression. In contrast, the expressions of ACSand ACOof the ethylene biosynthesis pathway increase in peel and pulp during ripening and are delayed/inhibited in the transgenic bananas, explaining the reduced ethylene production of MaMADS2-suppressed lines. Inferred by the different genes’ expression in peel and pulp of the gibberellins, salicylic acid and cytokinins pathways, it is suggested that hormonal regulation in these tissues is diverse. These results provide important insights into possible avenues of ripening control in the diverse fruit tissues of banana which was not previously revealed in other ripening systems. As such, our transcriptome analysis of WT and ripening delayed banana mutants provides a starting point for further characterization of ripening. In this study we also developed novel evidence that the cytoskeleton may have a positive role in ripening as components of this pathway were down-regulated by MaMADS2 suppression. The mode of cytoskeleton involvement in fruit ripening remains unclear but presents a novel new frontier in ripening investigations. In summary, this project yielded functional understanding of the role and mode of action of MaMADS2 during ripening, pointing to both induction of ethylene and suppression of non-ethylene hormonal singling pathways. Furthermore, our data suggest important roles for cytoskeleton components and MaMADS5 in the overall banana ripening control network. Implications: The project revealed new molecular components/genes involved in banana ripening and refines our understanding of ripening responses in the peel and pulp tissues of this important species. This information is novel as compared to that derived from the more uniform carpel tissues of other highly studied ripening systems including tomato and grape. The work provides specific target genes for potential modification through genetic engineering or for exploration of useful genetic diversity in traditional breeding. The results from the project might point toward improved methods or new treatments to improve banana fruit storage and quality.
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