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Journal articles on the topic 'Boron'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 November 2024

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1

Sokmen, Nihal, and Banu Yeşim Buyukakinci. "THE USAGE OF BORON/ BORON COMPOUNDS IN THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY AND ITS SITUATION IN TURKEY." CBU International Conference Proceedings 6 (September 25, 2018): 1158–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/cbup.v6.1309.

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Commonly found in the earth’s crust, boron happens to be the 51st element of the periodic table and is not found in its elemental state in nature. It is known that there are about 230 different boron minerals in nature. Turkey has the largest boron reserves in the world. In addition to this, Turkey’s boron minerals have the highest quality and production conditions that are more economical than other boron producing countries. For this reason, boron has great importance for Turkey and there is a significant demand for new areas of usage so that Turkey would be able to contribute to the national economy with these resources. The institute of BOREN (National Boron Research Institute) was established for this purpose in Turkey. This institute funds related projects for the extension of boron usage areas. One of the open sectors for innovation is textile technology.This study investigates the history of boron and its current situation in Turkey as well as the studies conducted regarding boron and its compounds especially in the textile field. Taking the available boron reserves in Turkey into consideration, the need for more research and development studies on boron as an environment-friendly element is clear for the textile industry.

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2

Fujikawa, Yoshiki, Yusuke Fukuo, Kai Nishimura, Kohei Tsujino, Hideki Kashiwagi, Ryo Hiramatsu, Naosuke Nonoguchi, et al. "Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy with Iodophenyl-Conjugated closo-Dodecaborate on a Rat Brain Tumor Model." Biology 12, no. 9 (September 15, 2023): 1240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology12091240.

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High-grade gliomas present a significant challenge in neuro-oncology because of their aggressive nature and resistance to current therapies. Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a potential treatment method; however, the boron used by the carrier compounds—such as 4-borono-L-phenylalanine (L-BPA)—have limitations. This study evaluated the use of boron-conjugated 4-iodophenylbutanamide (BC-IP), a novel boron compound in BNCT, for the treatment of glioma. Using in vitro drug exposure experiments and in vivo studies, we compared BC-IP and BPA, with a focus on boron uptake and retention characteristics. The results showed that although BC-IP had a lower boron uptake than BPA, it exhibited superior retention. Furthermore, despite lower boron accumulation in tumors, BNCT mediated by BC-IP showed significant survival improvement in glioma-bearing rats compared to controls (not treated animals and neutrons only). These results suggest that BC-IP, with its unique properties, may be an alternative boron carrier for BNCT. Further research is required to optimize this potential treatment modality, which could significantly contribute to advancing the treatment of high-grade gliomas.

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3

COLAK, Bugra, Ahmet KORKMAZ, and Ayhan HORUZ. "BORON STATUS, BORON FRACTIONS AND ITS AVAILABILITY IN SUGAR BEET GROWN SOILS." ANADOLU JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 28, no. 3 (October 5, 2013): 157–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.7161/anajas.2013.28.3.157.

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4

Kondo, Naoya, Erika Aoki, Shinya Takada, and Takashi Temma. "A Red-Emitting Fluorescence Sensor for Detecting Boronic Acid-Containing Agents in Cells." Sensors 22, no. 19 (October 10, 2022): 7671. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22197671.

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The amount and localization of boron-10 atoms delivered into tumor cells determines the therapeutic effect of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) and, consequently, efforts have been directed to develop fluorescence sensors to detect intracellular boronic acid compounds. Currently, these sensors are blue-emitting and hence are impracticable for co-staining with nucleus staining reagents, such as DAPI and Hoechst 33342. Here, we designed and synthesized a novel fluorescence boron sensor, BS-631, that emits fluorescence with a maximum emission wavelength of 631 nm after reaction with the clinically available boronic acid agent, 4-borono-l-phenylalanine (BPA). BS-631 quantitatively detected BPA with sufficiently high sensitivity (detection limit = 19.6 µM) for evaluating BNCT agents. Furthermore, BS-631 did not emit fluorescence after incubation with metal cations. Notably, red-emitting BS-631 could easily and clearly visualize the localization of BPA within cells with nuclei co-stained using Hoechst 33342. This study highlights the promising properties of BS-631 as a versatile boron sensor for evaluating and analyzing boronic acid agents in cancer therapy.

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5

Sironi, Maurizio, Mario Raimondi, David L. Cooper, and Joseph Gerratt. "Electronic structure of diborane and octahydrotriborate(1-): boron-hydrogen-boron bridges and closed boron-boron-boron bonds." Journal of Physical Chemistry 95, no. 26 (December 1991): 10617–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100179a024.

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6

Nemchenok, I. B. "Boron-loaded liquid scintillator." Functional materials 20, no. 3 (September 25, 2013): 300–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/fm20.03.300.

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7

Frenking, G., and N. Holzmann. "A Boron-Boron Triple Bond." Science 336, no. 6087 (June 14, 2012): 1394–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1224003.

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8

Johnson, A. L. "Boron." Annual Reports Section "A" (Inorganic Chemistry) 102 (2006): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b508354k.

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9

Johnson, Andrew L. "Boron." Annual Reports Section "A" (Inorganic Chemistry) 105 (2009): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b818136p.

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10

Banks, Alton. "Boron." Journal of Chemical Education 67, no. 1 (January 1990): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed067p14.

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11

COREY, E. J. "BORON." Chemical & Engineering News 81, no. 36 (September 8, 2003): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v081n036.p040.

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12

Johnson, A. L. "Boron." Annual Reports Section "A" (Inorganic Chemistry) 104 (2008): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b716560a.

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13

Sharman, Ivan. "BORON." Nutrition & Food Science 90, no. 6 (June 1990): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb059321.

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14

Jankowski, Alan F., Mark A. Wall, Jeffrey P. Hayes, and Kathleen B. Alexander. "Properties of boron/boron-nitride multilayers." Nanostructured Materials 9, no. 1-8 (January 1997): 467–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0965-9773(97)00102-5.

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15

Stennett, Tom E., Arumugam Jayaraman, Tobias Brückner, Lea Schneider, and Holger Braunschweig. "Hydrophosphination of boron–boron multiple bonds." Chemical Science 11, no. 5 (2020): 1335–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9sc05908c.

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16

Çetin, Ayşegül Ö., and Murat Durandurdu. "Hard boron rich boron nitride nanoglasses." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 101, no. 5 (December 21, 2017): 1929–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jace.15383.

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17

Kalandadze, G. I., S. O. Shalamberidze, and A. B. Peikrishvili. "Sintering of Boron and Boron Carbide." Journal of Solid State Chemistry 154, no. 1 (October 2000): 194–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jssc.2000.8835.

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18

Szulc, W., and B. Rutkowska. "Diagnostics of boron deficiency for plants in reference to boron concentration in the soil solution ." Plant, Soil and Environment 59, No. 8 (July 31, 2013): 372–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/306/2013-pse.

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The determination of a range of boron concentration in the soil solution, evaluation of the effect of physico-chemical soil properties on boron concentration in the soil solution as well verification whether boron quantity in the soil solution is sufficient for nutritional needs of selected plants cultivated in Poland were comprised. Average boron concentration in the soil solution of Poland’s cultivated soils ranges from 0.59 to 5.07 µmol/L and is differentiated by physico-chemical properties of soil. Taking into account decreasing effects of soil properties on the increase of boron concentration in the soil solution, the soil properties can be arranged as follows: organic C ><br />soil abundance in available boron > soil texture > soil pH. The minimum boron quantity observed in the soil solution of Poland’s cultivated soils was not sufficient to fulfil nutritional needs of the plants. The maximum boron quantity observed secured nutritional needs of cereals and potatoes but not those of rape plants and sugar beets. Based on the study it can be concluded that the measurement of the concentration of boron in the soil solution can be used in the diagnosis of deficiency of this element for crops.

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19

Balcer, Emilia, Joanna Giebułtowicz, Małgorzata Sochacka, Anna Ruszczyńska, Magdalena Muszyńska, and Ewa Bulska. "Investigation of the Impact of L-Phenylalanine and L-Tyrosine Pre-Treatment on the Uptake of 4-Borono-L-Phenylalanine in Cancerous and Normal Cells Using an Analytical Approach Based on SC-ICP-MS." Molecules 28, no. 18 (September 10, 2023): 6552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28186552.

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Boron has gained significant attention in medical research due to its B-10 isotope’s high cross section for the reaction with thermal neutrons, generating ionizing particles that can eliminate cancer cells, propelling the development of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) for cancer treatment. The compound 4-borono-L-phenylalanine (BPA) has exhibited potential in BNCT clinical trials. Enhancing BPA uptake in cells involves proposing L-amino acid preloading. This study introduces a novel analytical strategy utilizing ICP-MS and single cell ICP-MS (SC-ICP-MS) to assess the effectiveness of L-tyrosine and L-phenylalanine preloading on human non-small cell lung carcinoma (A549) and normal Chinese hamster lung fibroblast (V79-4) models, an unexplored context. ICP-MS outcomes indicated that L-tyrosine and L-phenylalanine pre-treatment increased BPA uptake in V79-4 cells by 2.04 ± 0.74-fold (p = 0.000066) and 1.46 ± 0.06-fold (p = 0.000016), respectively. Conversely, A549 cells manifested heightened BPA uptake solely with L-tyrosine preloading, with a factor of 1.24 ± 0.47 (p = 0.028). BPA uptake remained higher in A549 compared to V79-4 regardless of preloading. SC-ICP-MS measurements showcased noteworthy boron content heterogeneity within A549 cells, signifying diverse responses to BPA exposure, including a subset with notably high BPA uptake. This study underscores SC-ICP-MS’s utility in precise cellular boron quantification, validating cellular BPA uptake’s heterogeneity.

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20

Kaur, Sukhjiwan, Marc E. Nicolas, Rebecca Ford, Robert M. Norton, and Paul W. J. Taylor. "Physiological mechanisms of tolerance to high boron concentration in Brassica rapa." Functional Plant Biology 33, no. 10 (2006): 973. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp06111.

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Tolerance to high boron concentration in Brassica rapa was primarily due to low net boron uptake by the roots. However, in the two tolerant genotypes, 39–43% of boron uptake was retained in the tap roots, which limited boron accumulation in the leaves, and also contributed to boron tolerance. In the sensitive genotype, 99% of the increase in boron uptake caused by high soil boron accumulated in the leaves, particularly in the leaf margins. Despite higher transpiration rates, lower net boron uptake occurred in the tolerant genotypes. This result cannot be explained by passive boron uptake alone. Active boron efflux was probably responsible for differences in net boron uptake among tolerant and sensitive genotypes. Boron concentration was much lower in the cell walls than in the cell sap of leaves, indicating that storage of boron in the cell walls was not a tolerance mechanism. Despite high boron concentrations in the leaf symplasm, rates of photosynthesis, transpiration and growth were almost unaffected in the tolerant genotypes. The results demonstrate that boron tolerance in Brassica rapa involves boron exclusion at the root level, boron partitioning away from leaves and, as boron accumulates in leaves despite the first two mechanisms, boron tolerance of the leaf tissue itself.

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21

Rashkovskiy, Sergey A., Alexander V. Fedorychev, and Yuri M. Milekhin. "Comparative analysis of combustion of particles of boron, boron carbide, boron nitride and carbon in air." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Matematika i mekhanika, no. 75 (2022): 122–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/19988621/75/11.

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Combustion models of main components of condensed combustion products (CCP) of boron-containing solid propellants: boron, boron carbide, boron nitride, and carbon are analyzed. Using the known experimental data, the parameters of the combustion model of boron carbide and boron nitride particles are determined. Using the models of combustion of boron, B4C, BN and carbon particles, parametric calculations of the combustion of both individual abovementioned particles and their mixture, which simulates the composition of the CCP of boron-containing solid propellant, have been carried out. Calculations have shown that combustion of BN has the least effect on the completeness of CCP combustion. This is due to its low calorific value and low content in CCP. Ceteris paribus, carbon particles burn the fastest; however, their contribution to the completeness of CCP combustion is less than that of boron and boron carbide due to their lower calorific value.

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22

Kondo, Naoya, Fuko Hirano, and Takashi Temma. "Evaluation of 3-Borono-l-Phenylalanine as a Water-Soluble Boron Neutron Capture Therapy Agent." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 5 (May 22, 2022): 1106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14051106.

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Although 4-borono-l-phenylalanine (4-BPA) is currently the only marketed agent available for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT), its low water solubility raises concerns. In this study, we synthesized 3-borono-l-phenylalanine (3-BPA), a positional isomer of 4-BPA, with improved water solubility. We further evaluated its physicochemical properties, tumor accumulation, and biodistribution. The water solubility of 3-BPA was 125 g/L, which is more than 100 times higher than that of 4-BPA. Due to the high water solubility, we prepared the administration solution of 3-BPA without a solubilizer sugar, which is inevitably added to 4-BPA preparation and has adverse effects. In in vitro and in vivo experiments, boron accumulation in cancers after administration was statistically equivalent in both sugar-complexed 3-BPA and 4-BPA. Furthermore, the biodistribution of 3-BPA was comparable with that of sugar-complexed 3-BPA. Since 3-BPA has high water solubility and tumor targetability equivalent to 4-BPA, 3-BPA can replace 4-BPA in future BNCT.

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23

Schlesinger, M. E. "The Lesser-Known B-Ln (Boron-Lanthanide) Systems: B-Dy (Boron-Dysprosium), B-Ho (Boron-Holmium), B-Lu (Boron-Lutetium), B-Pr (Boron-Praseodymium), B-Tm (Boron-Thulium), and B-Yb (Boron-Ytterbium)." Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion 19, no. 1 (January 1998): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11669-006-5004-x.

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Schlesinger, M. E. "The Lesser-Known B-Ln (Boron-Lanthanide) Systems: B-Dy (Boron-Dysprosium), B-Ho (Boron-Holmium), B-Lu (Boron-Lutetium), B-Pr (Boron-Praseodymium), B-Tm (Boron-Thulium), and B-Yb (Boron-Ytterbium)." Journal of Phase Equilibria 19, no. 1 (January 1998): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12385-006-5004-x.

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25

Schlesinger, M. E. "The Lesser-Known B-Ln (Boron-Lanthanide) Systems: B-Dy (Boron-Dysprosium), B-Ho (Boron-Holmium), B-Lu (Boron-Lutetium), B-Pr (Boron-Praseodymium), B-Tm (Boron-Thulium), and B-Yb (Boron-Ytterbium)." Journal of Phase Equilibria 19, no. 1 (February 2, 1998): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1361/105497198770342742.

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26

Hübschle, Christian B., and Sander van Smaalen. "Electrostatic potential in crystals of α-boron, γ-boron and boron carbide." Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials 233, no. 9-10 (September 25, 2018): 663–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zkri-2018-2080.

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Abstract An overview is given of the recently proposed method for computation of the electrostatic potential (ESP) of dynamic charge densities derived from multipole models [C. B. Hubschle, S. van Smaalen, J. Appl. Crystallogr. 2017, 50, 1627]. The dynamic ESP is presented for the multipole models of the boron polymorphs α-B12 and γ-B28, and stoichiometric boron carbide B13C2. Minimum values of the ESP are conspiciously equal at approximately −1 electron/Å. Regions with the ESP close to its minimum value form an extended network throughout the crystal structures at locations far away from atoms and bonds. Boron and boron carbide are extended solids containing an infinite network of strong chemical bonds. We have shown that for such solids, the ESP can usefully considered on Hirshfeld surfaces encompassing groups of atoms. Accordingly, we discuss bonding in boron and boron carbide with aid of the ESP on the Hirsfeld surface encompassing a B12 icosahedral cluster. The structure of the ESP corroborates the interpretation of the bonding characteristics previously proposed for α-B12, γ-B28 and B13C2.

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27

Genç, Tuncer Okan, Burak Evren İnanan, Murat Yabanlı, and Fevzi Yılmaz. "Japon Balığı (Carassius auratus Linnaeus, 1758) Dokularında Bor Akümülasyonu." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 3, no. 6 (April 24, 2015): 498. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v3i6.498-503.296.

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In this study, it was aimed to determine the water-borne and food-borne boron accumulation in the liver and muscle tissues of Gold Fish (Carassius auratus Linnaeus, 1758). For each treatment, 12 individuals were. The water-borne boron treatments were applied as boron acid concentration of 1 mg/L, 10 mg/L and 20 mg/L in the aquarium water, while the food-borne boron treatments were prepared food contained the defined levels of boron (1 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg) as boric acid. The boron levels in the tissues were determined by an ICP-MS procedure. The maximum boron concentration was found in the 20mg/L water borne boron treatment in the liver tissue (1.78±0.02 mg/kg). In the water-borne boron treatments, the maximum Transfer Factor (TF) was found in the 20mg/L boron concentration, and TF values were increased when the boron concentrations were decreasing. In the 1 mg/kg food-borne boron treatment, TF was found as 0, and increasing concentration of boron in the food caused an increase in TF reached about 0.06. This study suggested that the target organ for boron accumulation is the liver rather than the muscles and the accumulation of food-borne boron is lower when comparing water-borne boron.

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Yoshimura, Kohei, Shinji Kawabata, Hideki Kashiwagi, Yusuke Fukuo, Koji Takeuchi, Gen Futamura, Ryo Hiramatsu, et al. "Efficacy of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy in Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation." Cells 10, no. 12 (December 2, 2021): 3398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10123398.

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Background: Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a nuclear reaction-based tumor cell-selective particle irradiation method. High-dose methotrexate and whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT) are the recommended treatments for primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). This tumor responds well to initial treatment but relapses even after successful treatment, and the prognosis is poor as there is no safe and effective treatment for relapse. In this study, we aimed to conduct basic research to explore the possibility of using BNCT as a treatment for PCNSL. Methods: The boron concentration in human lymphoma cells was measured. Subsequently, neutron irradiation experiments on lymphoma cells were conducted. A mouse central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma model was created to evaluate the biodistribution of boron after the administration of borono-phenylalanine as a capture agent. In the neutron irradiation study of a mouse PCNSL model, the therapeutic effect of BNCT on PCNSL was evaluated in terms of survival. Results: The boron uptake capability of human lymphoma cells was sufficiently high both in vitro and in vivo. In the neutron irradiation study, the BNCT group showed a higher cell killing effect and prolonged survival compared with the control group. Conclusions: A new therapeutic approach for PCNSL is urgently required, and BNCT may be a promising treatment for PCNSL. The results of this study, including those of neutron irradiation, suggest success in the conduct of future clinical trials to explore the possibility of BNCT as a new treatment option for PCNSL.

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Romanov, Victor, Kayako Isohashi, Galal Alobthani, Rouaa Beshr, Genki Horitsugi, Yasukazu Kanai, Sadahiro Naka, Tadashi Watabe, Eku Shimosegawa, and Jun Hatazawa. "Evaluation of the total distribution volume of 18F-FBPA in normal tissues of healthy volunteers by non-compartmental kinetic modeling." Annals of Nuclear Medicine 34, no. 3 (December 5, 2019): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12149-019-01427-9.

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Abstract Objective Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a noninvasive radiation therapy method for cancer treatment. In BNCT, 4-borono-2-[18F]-fluoro-L-phenylalanine (18F-FBPA) PET has been employed to estimate 10B accumulation in target tumors and normal tissues if 10B borono-L-phenylalanine (10B-BPA) is used as a boron carrier. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the total distribution volume (Vt) of 18F-FBPA in normal organs of healthy volunteers by kinetic analysis and to estimate boron concentration in normal organs for the therapeutic dose of 10B-BPA using obtained Vt values. Methods Six healthy volunteers were injected with 18F-FBPA (3–5 MBq/kg), and 7 PET-CT scans were performed subsequently. 18F-FBPA radioactivity in whole blood and plasma was measured before, and eight times after the injection. PET images were analyzed by PMOD software. Twelve volumetric regions of interest including the brain, heart, right lung, spleen, liver, parotid salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, intestines, and bone marrow were drawn manually for each subject and analyzed with the Logan plot and two Ichise multilinear analyses (MA1 and MA2). The better model was defined by several goodness-of-fit parameters and residual distribution. After Vt values had been derived, boron concentration was estimated in ppm for the 10B-BPA-fructose (10B-BPA-fr) dose 30 g 1 and 2 h post-injection using Vt and interpolated plasma activity data. Results The Ichise MA2 model showed the best fit among all models. Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) was the lowest for the Ichise’s MA2 in all regions (mean AIC value − 14.0) comparing to the other models (Logan plot mean AIC 31.4; Ichise MA1 model mean AIC − 4.2). Mean Vt values of the Ichise MA2 model ranged from 0.94 ± 0.14 ml/ml in the pancreas to 0.16 ± 0.02 ml/ml in the right lung. Estimated boron concentration for 10B-BPA-fr had the highest value in the pancreas (14.0 ± 1.9 ppm 1 h after, and 5.7 ± 1.7 ppm 2 h after the 18F-FBPA administration) and the lowest value in the right lung (2.4 ± 0.3 ppm 1 h, and 1.0 ± 0.3 ppm 2 h post-injection). Conclusion The 10B concentration in normal tissues was best estimated using Vt values of 18F-FBPA with the Ichise multilinear analysis 2 (MA2). Trail registry The UMIN clinical trial number: UMIN000022850.

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30

Deng, Jin-Pei, and Chung-Shan Yu. "Recent Development of Radiofluorination of Boron Agents for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy of Tumor: Creation of 18F-Labeled C-F and B-F Linkages." Pharmaceuticals 16, no. 1 (January 9, 2023): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph16010093.

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Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a binary therapeutic technique employing a boron agent to be delivered to the tumor site followed by the irradiation of neutrons. Biofunctional molecules/nanoparticles labeled with F-18 can provide an initial pharmacokinetic profile of patients to guide the subsequent treatment planning procedure of BNCT. Borono phenylalanine (BPA), recognized by the l-type amino acid transporter, can cross the blood-brain barrier and be accumulated in gliomas. The radiofluoro BNCT agents are reviewed by considering (1) less cytotoxicity, (2) diagnosing and therapeutic purposes, (3) aqueous solubility and extraction route, as well as (4), the trifluoroborate effect. A trifluoroborate-containing amino acid such as fluoroboronotyrosine (FBY) represents an example with both functionalities of imaging and therapeutics. Comparing with the insignificant cytotoxicity of clinical BPA with IC50 > 500 μM, FBY also shows minute toxicity with IC50 > 500 μM. [18F]FBY is a potential diagnostic agent for its tumor to normal accumulation (T/N) ratio, which ranges from 2.3 to 24.5 from positron emission tomography, whereas the T/N ratio of FBPA is greater than 2.5. Additionally, in serving as a BNCT therapeutic agent, the boron concentration of FBY accumulated in gliomas remains uncertain. The solubility of 3-BPA is better than that of BPA, as evidenced by the cerebral dose of 3.4%ID/g vs. 2.2%ID/g, respectively. While the extraction route of d-BPA differs from that of BPA, an impressive T/N ratio of 6.9 vs. 1.5 is noted. [18F]FBPA, the most common clinical boron agent, facilitates the application of BPA in clinical BNCT. In addition to [18F]FBY, [18F] trifluoroborated nucleoside analog obtained through 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition shows marked tumoral uptake of 1.5%ID/g. Other examples using electrophilic and nucleophilic fluorination on the boron compounds are also reviewed, including diboronopinacolone phenylalanine and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents.

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31

Rowe, R. I., and C. D. Eckhert. "Boron is required for zebrafish embryogenesis." Journal of Experimental Biology 202, no. 12 (June 15, 1999): 1649–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.202.12.1649.

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Boron is the only element known to be essential for plants, but only circumstantial evidence for essentiality exists in animals. We report here that boron is essential for the embryonic development of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Zebrafish were maintained in water with a boron concentration of 0.1 micromol l-1 or supplemented to a concentration of 45 micromol l-1 using ultrapure boric acid. Both groups were fed boron-depleted brine shrimp. This procedure depleted the boron content of the blastulas from low-boron parents to only 5 % of the boron content of the blastulas from boron-supplemented parents. Sperm from low-boron males successfully fertilized eggs from low-boron females, but 92 % of the embryos died within 10 days. The early cleavage stage of development was the most sensitive to boron deficiency. Of the fertilized embryos, 46% did not live to complete the blastula stage. Repletion of low-boron embryos during the first hour after fertilization rescued them from death. These observations provide strong evidence that boron is essential for zebrafish development.

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32

Agarwal, Aditya, H. J. Gossmann, and D. J. Eaglesham. "Boron-enhanced diffusion of boron: Physical mechanisms." Applied Physics Letters 74, no. 16 (April 19, 1999): 2331–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.123841.

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33

Hwang, Seong‐Don, Dongjin Byun, N. J. Ianno, P. A. Dowben, and H. R. Kim. "Fabrication of boron‐carbide/boron heterojunction devices." Applied Physics Letters 68, no. 11 (March 11, 1996): 1495–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.116266.

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34

Tandon, J. P., and H. B. Singh. "Binuclear Boron Complexes Containing Boron-Nitrogen Bonds." Synthesis and Reactivity in Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry 15, no. 3 (April 1985): 391–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00945718508059396.

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Harken, Andrew D., Ellen E. Day, Brian W. Robertson, and Shireen Adenwalla. "Boron-Rich Semiconducting Boron Carbide Neutron Detector." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 44, no. 1A (January 11, 2005): 444–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.44.444.

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An, Qi, and William A. Goddard. "Nanotwins soften boron-rich boron carbide (B13C2)." Applied Physics Letters 110, no. 11 (March 13, 2017): 111902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4978644.

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Jain, Ashish, S. Anthonysamy, C. Ghosh, T. R. Ravindran, R. Divakar, and E. Mohandas. "Electroextraction of boron from boron carbide scrap." Materials Characterization 84 (October 2013): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2013.07.021.

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Clarke, C. M., M. K. Das, E. Hanecker, J. F. Mariategui, K. Niedenzu, P. M. Niedenzu, H. Noeth, and K. R. Warner. "Boron-nitrogen compounds. 113. Boron-halogenated pyrazaboles." Inorganic Chemistry 26, no. 14 (July 1987): 2310–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic00261a029.

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Slanina, Z., M. L. Sun, and S. L. Lee. "Computations of boron and boron-nitrogen cages." Nanostructured Materials 8, no. 5 (August 1997): 623–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0965-9773(97)00196-7.

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Hechtl, E., A. Mazanec, W. Eckstein, J. Roth, and C. Garcia-Rosales. "Sputtering behavior of boron and boron carbide." Journal of Nuclear Materials 196-198 (December 1992): 713–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3115(06)80129-7.

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Zhai, Mingzhe, and Denis M. Shaw. "Boron cosmochemistry. Part I: Boron in meteorites." Meteoritics 29, no. 5 (September 1994): 607–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1945-5100.1994.tb00773.x.

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Yang, Xiaokun, William A. Goddard, and Qi An. "Asymmetric twins in boron rich boron carbide." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 20, no. 19 (2018): 13340–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cp01429a.

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Sabra, M. K., and I. Boustani. "New chains of boron and boron hydrogen." Europhysics Letters (EPL) 42, no. 6 (June 15, 1998): 611–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/epl/i1998-00295-7.

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Oi, Takao, Masao Nomura, Masaaki Musashi, Tomoko Ossaka, Makoto Okamoto, and Hidetake Kakihana. "Boron isotopic compositions of some boron minerals." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 53, no. 12 (December 1989): 3189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(89)90099-9.

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Tsagareishvili, G. V., T. G. Nakashidze, J. Sh Jobava, G. P. Lomidze, D. E. Khulelidze, D. Sh Tsagareishvili, and O. A. Tsagareishvili. "Thermal expansion of boron and boron carbide." Journal of the Less Common Metals 117, no. 1-2 (March 1986): 159–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088(86)90025-1.

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Xie, Kelvin Y., Vladislav Domnich, Lukasz Farbaniec, Bin Chen, Kanak Kuwelkar, Luoning Ma, James W. McCauley, et al. "Microstructural characterization of boron-rich boron carbide." Acta Materialia 136 (September 2017): 202–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2017.06.063.

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Laçin, Bengü, Burcu Ertit Taştan, and Gönül Dönmez. "Detection of boron removal capacities of different microorganisms in wastewater and effective removal process." Water Science and Technology 72, no. 10 (August 4, 2015): 1832–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.409.

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Abstract:

In this study boron removal capacities of different microorganisms were tested. Candida tropicalis, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus pumilus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aspergillus versicolor were examined for their boron bioaccumulation capacities in simulated municipal wastewater. A. versicolor and B. cereus were found as the most boron-tolerant microorganisms in the experiments. Also boron bioaccumulation yield of A. versicolor was 49.25% at 15 mg/L boron concentration. On the other hand biosorption experiments revealed that A. versicolor was more capable of boron removal in inactive form at the highest boron concentrations. In this paper maximum boron bioaccumulation yield was detected as 39.08% at 24.17 mg/L and the maximum boron biosorption yield was detected as 41.36% at 24.01 mg/L boron concentrations.

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ZYSKOWSKI, CHRISTOPHER D., and VANCE O. KENNEDY. "Compounds in the series from boron subphthalocyanine to boron subnaphthalocyanine." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 04, no. 08 (December 2000): 707–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1099-1409(200012)4:8<707::aid-jpp285>3.0.co;2-v.

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Abstract:

The four compounds in the series from chloro[subphthalocyaninato]boron(III) to chloro[subnaphthalocyaninato]boron (III) where synthesized in a one-pot reaction. To obtain a more soluble set of compounds, the mixture was then reacted with the sodium salt of trihexylsilanol. This mixture was separated by chromatography to provide trihexylsiloxy[subphthalocyaninato]boron(III), trihexylsiloxy[ SubN 1 P 2]boron(III), trihexylsiloxy[ SubN 2 P 1]boron(III) and trihexylsiloxy[subnaphthalocyaninato]boron(III). These compounds were characterized by 1 H NMR, EI-MS and UV-vis. They show interesting spectral features in the visible region.

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İCİN, Kürşat, Sefa Emre SÜNBÜL, and Raşit SEZER. "Enhancing the Structural and Mechanical Properties of Ti-Zr Alloy through Boron Doping." Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 14, no. 1 (October 16, 2023): 412–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21597/jist.1301838.

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This study aims to improve the structural strength of the commonly used Ti-15Zr alloy in dental applications by investigating the effects of low boron additions. Ti-15Zr alloys containing 1-4% boron have been produced by vacuum arc melting. The phase ratios in the microstructure of the produced alloys vary according to the boron content. With increasing boron content, the ratio of TiB compound in the phase structure increases. The hardness of Ti-Zr-B alloys exhibited a notable increase in correlation with rising boron content. Measured hardness values of 36.31, 39.50, 44.14, and 53.40 displayed a clear upward trend with higher boron percentages. The tensile strength of the Ti-Zr-B alloys exhibits a trend of initially increasing with boron content, reaching its highest value of 888 MPa at 1% boron. The yield strength follows a similar with tensile strengh, with an initial rise from 449 MPa at 0% boron to a peak of 562 MPa at 1% boron content. Beyond this point, the yield strength slightly decreases to 469 MPa at 2% boron but sharply drops to 186 MPa at 4% boron content. As boron content increases in the Ti-Zr-B alloys, the percentage elongation, indicating the material's plastic deformation capacity before fracture, consistently decreases from 17.03% at 0% boron to 0.70% at 4% boron content.

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SCHLESINGER, M. E. "ChemInform Abstract: The Lesser-Known B-Ln (Boron-Lanthanide) Systems: B-Dy (Boron-Dysprosium), B-Ho (Boron-Holmium), B-Lu (Boron-Lutetium), B-Pr (Boron-Praseodymium), B-Tm (Boron-Thulium), and B-Yb (Boron-Ytterbium)." ChemInform 29, no. 27 (June 21, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199827321.

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