Academic literature on the topic 'Boron deficiency; Ribonucleic acid metabolism'
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Journal articles on the topic "Boron deficiency; Ribonucleic acid metabolism"
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CHATTERJEE, C., P. SINHA, and S. C. AGARWALA. "INTERACTIVE EFFECT OF BORON AND PHOSPHORUS ON GROWTH AND METABOLISM OF MAIZE GROWN IN REFINED SAND." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 70, no. 2 (April 1, 1990): 455–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps90-053.
Full textAbstract:
Boron-phosphorus interaction was observed in maize (Zea mays L. ’Ganga 2’) when grown in refined sand at three levels of boron, deficient (0.0033 mg L−1), normal (0.33 mg L−1) and excess (3.3 mg L−1), each at three levels of phosphorus, deficient (0.17 m mol L−1), normal (1.5 mmol L−1) and excess (4 m mol L−1). The effects of phosphorus deficiency (i.e., reduction in dry matter, soluble protein, DNA, activity of ribonuclease and increase in the activities of peroxidase, acid phosphatase and polyphenol oxidase) were intensified by a combined deficiency of boron and phosphorus. The effects of boron deficiency (i.e., reduction in dry weight, leaf boron and DNA and increase in starch content and in the activities of starch phosphorylase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase) become more intense in the treatment-deficient B-excess P. The decreases caused by excess phosphorus (i.e., dry weight, starch and sugar content, DNA, RNA and activity of ribonuclease) were aggravated by combined excess of boron and phosphorus.Key words: Zea mays, maize, boron and phosphorus nutrition
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Brdar-Jokanović, Milka. "Boron Toxicity and Deficiency in Agricultural Plants." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 4 (February 20, 2020): 1424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21041424.
Full textAbstract:
Boron is an essential plant micronutrient taken up via the roots mostly in the form of boric acid. Its important role in plant metabolism involves the stabilization of molecules with cis-diol groups. The element is involved in the cell wall and membrane structure and functioning; therefore, it participates in numerous ion, metabolite, and hormone transport reactions. Boron has an extremely narrow range between deficiency and toxicity, and inadequate boron supply exhibits a detrimental effect on the yield of agricultural plants. The deficiency problem can be solved by fertilization, whereas soil boron toxicity can be ameliorated using various procedures; however, these approaches are costly and time-consuming, and they often show temporary effects. Plant species, as well as the genotypes within the species, dramatically differ in terms of boron requirements; thus, the available soil boron which is deficient for one crop may exhibit toxic effects on another. The widely documented intraspecies genetic variability regarding boron utilization efficiency and toxicity tolerance, together with the knowledge of the physiology and genetics of boron, should result in the development of efficient and tolerant varieties that may represent a long-term sustainable solution for the problem of inadequate or excess boron supply.
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CABRER, BARTHOLOMÉ, HUGUETTE BROCAS, ANA PEREZ-CASTILLO, VIVIANE POHL, JOSÉ J. NAVAS, HECTOR TARGOVNIK, JOSÉ A. CENTENERA, and GILBERT VASSART. "Normal Level of Thyroglobulin Messenger Ribonucleic Acid ina Human Congenital Goiter with Thyroglobulin Deficiency*." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 63, no. 4 (October 1986): 931–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jcem-63-4-931.
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Blanco-Dolado, Laura, Antonia Martín-Hidalgo, and Emilio Herrera. "Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes Decreases Mammary Gland Lipoprotein Lipase Activity and Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in Pregnant and Nonpregnant Rats." International Journal of Experimental Diabetes Research 3, no. 1 (2002): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15604280212524.
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Diabetes mellitus is associated with a reduction of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in adipose tissue and development of hypertriglyceridemia. To determine how a condition of severe insulin deficiency affects mammary gland LPL activity and mRNA expression during late pregnancy, streptozotocin (STZ) treated (40 mg/kg) and non-treated (control) virgin and 20 day pregnant rats were studied. In control rats, both LPL activity and mRNA were higher in pregnant than in virgin rats. When compared to control rats, STZ-treated rats, either pregnant or virgin, showed decreased LPL activity and mRNA content. Furthermore, mammary gland LPL activity was linearly correlated with mRNA content, and either variable was linearly correlated with plasma insulin levels. Thus, insulin deficiency impairs the expression of LPL in mammary glands, revealing the role of insulin as a modulator of the enzyme at the mRNA expression level.
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Yang, Lin-Tong, Jun-Feng Pan, Neng-Jing Hu, Huan-Huan Chen, Huan-Xin Jiang, Yi-Bin Lu, and Li-Song Chen. "Citrus Physiological and Molecular Response to Boron Stresses." Plants 11, no. 1 (December 23, 2021): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11010040.
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Since the essentiality of boron (B) to plant growth was reported nearly one century ago, the implication of B in physiological performance, productivity and quality of agricultural products, and the morphogenesis of apical meristem in plants has widely been studied. B stresses (B deficiency and toxicity), which lead to atrophy of canopy and deterioration of Citrus fruits, have long been discovered in citrus orchards. This paper reviews the research progress of B stresses on Citrus growth, photosynthesis, light use efficiency, nutrient absorption, organic acid metabolism, sugar metabolism and relocation, and antioxidant system. Moreover, the beneficial effects of B on plant stress tolerance and further research in this area were also discussed.
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Beuschlein, Felix, Egbert Schulze, Patricia Mora, Hans-Peter Gensheimer, Christiane Maser-Gluth, Bruno Allolio, and Martin Reincke. "Steroid 21-Hydroxylase Mutations and 21-Hydroxylase Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Expression in Human Adrenocortical Tumors1." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 83, no. 7 (July 1, 1998): 2585–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jcem.83.7.4965.
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Twenty-one hydroxylase (P450c21) is a key enzyme essential for normal zona glomerulosa and fasciculata function. Recently, 21-hydroxylase deficiency has been implicated in the pathogenesis of adrenocortical tumors. Therefore, we investigated the mutational spectrum of the CYP21B gene and the messenger RNA expression of P450c21 in six aldosterone-producing adenomas, seven cortisol-producing adenomas, two nonfunctional incidentally detected adenomas, and four adrenal carcinomas. DNA from leukocytes and tumors was amplified by PCR using primers specific for the CYP21B gene. The 10 exons, intron 2, intron 7, all other exon/intron junctions, and 380 bp of the promoter region of CYP21B were automatically sequenced. Poly(A) RNA was extracted from tumor tissue, dot blotted on a nylon membrane, and hybridized with 32P-labeled P450 side-chain cleavage, P450 17-α-hydroxylase, and P450c21 complementary DNA probes. We detected heterozygous germline mutations (exon 7, Val 281Leu) in two patients, one with a cortisol-producing adenoma and the other with an androgen-secreting adrenocortical carcinoma. A somatic, heterozygous microdeletion was found in exon 3 of one aldosterone-producing adenoma. The P450c21 gene expression correlated with the clinical phenotype of the tumor, with low P450c21 messenger RNA expression in nonfunctional adenomas (18.8%, 1.5%) compared with high P450c21 expression in aldosterone- and cortisol-producing adenomas (84 ± 8% and 101 ± 4%, respectively, vs. normal adrenals, 100 ± 10%). In conclusion, the prevalence of heterozygous germline mutations in the CYP21B gene was higher in patients with adrenocortical tumors (11%; 95% confidence interval, 1–34%) than in the general European population (2%; 95% confidence interval, 1.93–2.06%), but this difference is questionable because of the low number of subjects in our series. The pathophysiological significance of this finding in the presence of one normal CYP21B gene seems to be low, suggesting that 21-hydroxylase deficiency is not a major predisposing factor for adrenal tumor formation.
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Peng, Lishun, Changying Zeng, Lei Shi, Hongmei Cai, and Fangsen Xu. "Transcriptional Profiling Reveals Adaptive Responses to Boron Defi ciency Stress in Arabidopsis." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 67, no. 9-10 (October 1, 2012): 510–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2012-9-1009.
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Boron (B) is a micronutrient for vascular plants, and B deficiency has been recognized as a limiting factor for crop production in many areas worldwide. To gain a better insight into the adaptability mechanism of plant responses to B starvation, an Arabidopsis whole genome Affymetrix GeneChip was used to evaluate global gene expression alterations in response to short- and long-term B deficiency stress. A large number of B deficiency-responsive genes were identified and grouped by their functions. Genes linked to jasmonic acid (JA) showed the most prominent response under B deficiency. The transcripts for biosynthesis and regulation of JA were constantly induced during short- and long-term B deficiency stress. A set of well-known JA-dependent process and responsive genes showed the same expression profile. This suggested that JA could be a pivotal player in the integration of adaptive responses to B deficiency stress. Moreover, other functional groups of B deficiency-responsive genes (including various encoding the biosynthesis of antioxidants, the basic components of Ca2+ signalling, protein kinases, cell wall-modifying enzymes and proteins, H+-ATPase, K+ transporters, and a set of enzymes involved in central metabolism and cellular growth) were also observed, and their physiological roles under B deficiency stress are discussed. These results provide some information for a better understanding of plant-adaptive responses to B deficiency stress and potential strategies to improve B efficiency in crops
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Carling, Tobias, Jonas Rastad, Eva Szabó, Gunnar Westin, and Göran Åkerström. "Reduced Parathyroid Vitamin D Receptor Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Levels in Primary and Secondary Hyperparathyroidism*." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 85, no. 5 (May 1, 2000): 2000–2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jcem.85.5.6607.
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Abstract Vitamin D, via its receptor (VDR), inhibits the hormone secretion and proliferation of parathyroid cells. Vitamin D deficiency and reduced parathyroid VDR expression has been associated with development of hyperparathyroidism (HPT) secondary to uremia. VDR polymorphisms may influence VDR messenger RNA (mRNA) levels and have been coupled to an increased risk of parathyroid adenoma of primary HPT. VDR mRNA relative to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA levels were determined by RNase protection assay in 42 single parathyroid adenomas of patients with primary HPT, 23 hyperplastic glands of eight patients with uremic HPT, and 15 normal human parathyroid glands. The adenomas and hyperplasias demonstrated similar VDR mRNA levels, which were reduced (42 ± 2.8% and 44 ± 4.0%) compared with the normal glands (P < 0.0001). Comparison of parathyroid adenoma with a normal-sized parathyroid gland of the same individual (n = 3 pairs) showed a 20–58% reduction in the tumor. Nodularly enlarged glands represent a more advanced form of secondary HPT and showed greater reduction in the VDR mRNA levels than the diffusely enlarged glands (P < 0.005). The reduced VDR expression is likely to impair the 1,25(OH)2D3-mediated control of parathyroid functions, and to be of importance for the pathogenesis of not only uremic but also primary HPT. Circulating factors like calcium, PTH, and 1,25(OH)2D3 seem to be less likely candidates mediating the decreased VDR gene expression in HPT.
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Bekker, R. A., and Yu V. Bykov. "BORON PREPARATIONS IN PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROLOGY: THEIR RISE, FALL AND RENEWED INTEREST." Acta Biomedica Scientifica 3, no. 4 (July 28, 2018): 85–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.29413/abs.2018-3.4.13.
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The use of boron preparations (borax and boric acid) in medicine began long before their isolation in pure form. The mineral water of boron-containing sources has been historically used to treat skin diseases, to wash eyes, to disinfect wounds, etc. Also, what is of interest in the context of this article, boron-containing waters were used as calming, anti- anxiety, anticonvulsant and sleep-promoting remedy. In 1777, boric acid was first isolated from the mineral water of a healing spring source in Florence. Historically, first name of this compound was sal sedativum (“soothing salt”). However, the discovery of boron toxicity led to the cessation of its internal use. In recent decades, it has been found that boron is a microelement necessary for many metabolic processes in the body. It affects memory, cognitive functions, anxiety level, sleep, mood, regulates calcium and magnesium exchange, metabolism of vitamin D and sex steroids. It has been shown that some cases of treatment resistance to standard therapy, for example in epilepsy, anxiety and depression, are related to boron deficiency. In this regard, interest in the use of boron preparations in psychiatry and neurology, but in much smaller doses and on new scientific grounds, flared up again.
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Boehmer, Annemie L. M., Albert O. Brinkmann, Lodewijk A. Sandkuijl, Dicky J. J. Halley, Martinus F. Niermeijer, Stefan Andersson, Frank H. de Jong, et al. "17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase-3 Deficiency: Diagnosis, Phenotypic Variability, Population Genetics, and Worldwide Distribution of Ancient and de Novo Mutations1." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 84, no. 12 (December 1, 1999): 4713–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jcem.84.12.6174.
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17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-3 (17βHSD3) deficiency is an autosomal recessive form of male pseudohermaphroditism caused by mutations in the HSD17B3 gene. In a nationwide study on male pseudohermaphroditism among all pediatric endocrinologists and clinical geneticists in The Netherlands, 18 17βHSD3-deficient index cases were identified, 12 of whom initially had received the tentative diagnosis androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS). The phenotypes and genotypes of these patients were studied. Endocrine diagnostic methods were evaluated in comparison to mutation analysis of the HSD17B3 gene. RT-PCR studies were performed on testicular ribonucleic acid of patients homozygous for two different splice site mutations. The minimal incidence of 17βHSD3 deficiency in The Netherlands and the corresponding carrier frequency were calculated. Haplotype analysis of the chromosomal region of the HSD17B3 gene in Europeans, North Americans, Latin Americans, Australians, and Arabs was used to establish whether recurrent identical mutations were ancient or had repeatedly occurred de novo. In genotypically identical cases, phenotypic variation for external sexual development was observed. Gonadotropin-stimulated serum testosterone/androstenedione ratios in 17βHSD3-deficient patients were discriminative in all cases and did not overlap with ratios in normal controls or with ratios in AIS patients. In all investigated patients both HSD17B3 alleles were mutated. The intronic mutations 325+ 4;A→T and 655–1;G→A disrupted normal splicing, but a small amount of wild-type messenger ribonucleic acid was still made in patients homozygous for 655–1;G→A. The minimal incidence of 17βHSD3 deficiency in The Netherlands was shown to be 1:147,000, with a heterozygote frequency of 1:135. At least 4 mutations, 325 + 4;A→T, N74T, 655–1;G→A, and R80Q, found worldwide, appeared to be ancient and originating from genetic founders. Their dispersion could be reconstructed through historical analysis. The HSD17B3 gene mutations 326–1;G→C and P282L were de novo mutations. 17βHSD3 deficiency can be reliably diagnosed by endocrine evaluation and mutation analysis. Phenotypic variation can occur between families with the same homozygous mutations. The incidence of 17βHSD3 deficiency is 0.65 times the incidence of AIS, which is thought to be the most frequent known cause of male pseudohermaphroditism without dysgenic gonads. A global inventory of affected cases demonstrated the ancient origin of at least four mutations. The mutational history of this genetic locus offers views into human diversity and disease, provided by national and international collaboration.
Book chapters on the topic "Boron deficiency; Ribonucleic acid metabolism"
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Keefer, Robert F. "Macronutrients—Phosphorus and Potassium." In Handbook of Soils for Landscape Architects. Oxford University Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195121025.003.0014.
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Plants have a P concentration between 0.03 and 0.70%, but the usual amount is between 0.1 and 0.4%. Phosphorus is found in every living cell of a plant and is involved in genetic transfer and energy relationships. The actively growing parts, that is, stem tips, new leaves, and new roots, need much P. Seeds, especially at maturity, also have a rich supply of P acting as reserve food. Phosphorus is used in plants for (a) root development—especially the lateral and fibrous roots; (b) cell division—energy for metabolism; (c) reproduction—flowering, fruiting, seed formation all controlled by nucleic acids; (d) maturation—counteracts the ill effects of excessive N fertilization; arid (e) disease resistance— especially important in root rots of seedlings. Plant P is a major constituent of chromosomes present as DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) used in reproduction and RNA (ribonucleic acid) used in growth processes. Plant P is also a constituent of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) that stores energy for plant use, along with many other phosphate compounds, such as phytin (inositol hexaphosphate) stored in seeds, phospholipids in the chloroplasts, and complexes of sugars, sugar amines, aldehydes, amides, and acids—all involved in plant metabolism. Deficiency of P is not striking or characteristic and is difficult to diagnose. The older leaves may be dark bluish-green, bronze, or purple. The stalks are thin, leaves small, limited lateral growth, delayed maturity, and defoliate prematurely. Probably the most obvious symptom would be the purple coloration, but this is exhibited by only a limited number of plants. The best way to determine if a plant is deficient in P would be to conduct a plant tissue test. If the P level is lower than 0.2% P, then P probably is deficient and the soil in which the plant is growing would benefit from P fertilization. . . . Phosphorus Toxicity? . . . Phosphorus toxicity has not been observed in the field and has only been evident in greenhouse culture solutions when P was present at extremely high concentrations.