Journal articles on the topic 'Boron-containing steel'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Boron-containing steel.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Boron-containing steel.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Verma, A., K. Gopinath, and B. Sarkar. "Boron Steel: An Alternative for Costlier Nickel and Molybdenum Alloyed Steel for Transmission Gears." Journal of Engineering Research [TJER] 8, no. 1 (June 1, 2010): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/tjer.vol8iss1pp12-18.
Full textAbstract:
Case Carburized (CC) low carbon steels containing Ni, Cr and Mo alloying elements are widely used for transmission gears in automobile, as it possesses desired mechanical properties. In order to cut cost and save scarce materials like Ni and Mo for strategic applications, steel alloyed with Boron has been developed, which gives properties comparable to Ni-Cr-Mo alloyed steel. In the process of steel development, care was taken to ensure precipitation of boron which results in precipitation hardening. The characterization of the developed boron steel had exhibited properties comparable to Ni-Cr-Mo alloyed steel and superior to conventional boron steel.
2
Wan, Yong, Wei-qing Chen, and Shao-jie Wu. "Effects of Lanthanum and Boron on the Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of Non-oriented Electrical Steels." High Temperature Materials and Processes 33, no. 2 (April 1, 2014): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2013-0039.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe effects of lanthanum and boron on the inclusion size distribution, microstructure, texture and magnetic properties of three non-oriented electrical steels have been studied. After final annealing, lanthanum effectively inhibited the precipitation of MnS precipitates and promoted the growth of grains, an addition of 0.0041 wt.% boron led to the precipitation of Fe2B particles and inhibited grain growth. On the other hand, steel containing 0.0055 wt.% lanthanum had the strongest {100} and {111} fiber texture and the weakest {112}〈110〉 texture among the steels. Compared to steel without lanthanum and boron, steel with 0.0050 wt.% lanthanum and 0.0041 wt.% boron obtained slightly stronger intensities of {100} and {111} fiber texture, and a little weaker intensity of {112}〈110〉 texture. Steel containing 0.0055 wt.% lanthanum achieved the best magnetic properties, whose core loss and magnetic flux density were 4.268 W/kg and 1.768 T, respectively.
3
Sidorenko, T. I., V. I. Voznaya, and A. V. Radionov. "Identification of reasons for non-compliance of mechanical properties in boron-containing steel parts." Litiyo i Metallurgiya (FOUNDRY PRODUCTION AND METALLURGY), no. 1 (March 26, 2021): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1683-6065-2021-1-78-85.
Full textAbstract:
Fasteners are widely used as machine parts, structures and mechanisms. Medium-carbon alloy steels and boron-containing alloy steels are used as materials in production. Boron-containing steels have a good combination of strength and plastic properties, as well as a high level of hardenability. This article describes the research work carried out in the laboratory, and considers the reasons for obtaining low values of physical and mechanical parameters of parts manufactured at competitive enterprises. The qualitative characteristics of the metal are determined. The results of chemical, physical-mechanical and metallographic tests, as well as the results of the chemical composition of non-metallic inclusions are presented. The reasons for the discrepancy of mechanical properties in boron-containing steels are considered. The dependence of the introduction of chemical elements into steel: nitrogen, titanium, aluminum is determined. The possibility of evaluating the content of “effective boron” at OJSC “BSW” – the Management Company of the Holding “BMC” is described. The mathematical model used at OJSC “Oskol electrometallurgical combine”, which allows to carry out a theoretical calculation of the value of “effective” boron, is described. Recommendations for improving the technological process of smelting boron-containing steels are given.
4
Haretski, H. P., N. F. Solovey, S. L. Shenets, A. V. Tereshchenko, S. V. Avdeev, A. I. Pokrovskii, and O. I. Tolkacheva. "Structure and characteristics of boron-containing steels for fasteners." Litiyo i Metallurgiya (FOUNDRY PRODUCTION AND METALLURGY), no. 1 (April 7, 2020): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1683-6065-2020-1-25-30.
Full textAbstract:
According to TU 14-1-4486-88 and TU 14-1-5490-2004, in accordance with international standards DIN EN 10263-4, OJSC «BSW – Management Company of the Holding «BMC» produces hot-rolled products of the following grades of steel: 20Г2Р, 30Г1Р, 20MnB4, 30MnB4 and 32CrB4 microalloyed with boron. They are used for the manufacture of fasteners instead of previously used steels 35X, 38X and 40X. The use of boron-containing steels reduces the surface defects of hardware; to increase the stability of the mechanical properties of bolts, screws, studs, strength class 8.8 and 10.9 by GOST 1759.4-87; to achieve a high level of toughness at negative temperatures. It is shown that steel 20Г2Р provides stable mechanical properties of products up to M27 (in contrast to steel grades 35X, which are designed exclusively for bolts of class M16 8.8). The boron-containing steels in the delivery state with the structure of granular perlite have high technological plasticity – in the cold, the bolt head is formed and the thread is rolled without tearing in the thread hollows, as is the case with chromium steels of type 40X. It was found that their ductility increases due to the low content of carbon and chromium, as well as the formation of dispersed carbonitride-boride phases of a globular form.
5
Shriwastwa, Bharat B., and Arun Kumar. "Influence of Copper on Redistribution Behaviour of Boron in Titanium Stabilized and Low Carbon Steel as Observed by Neutron Induced Alpha Autoradiography." Advanced Materials Research 794 (September 2013): 502–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.794.502.
Full textAbstract:
Boron content and its distribution play a significant role in modifying the metallurgical and mechanical properties of many steels and alloy at lower level of concentration. Precipitation of boron at the grain boundaries, have shown to improve the creep strength in titanium stabilized steel, high temperature ductility in low carbon corrosion resistant steel and the hardenability in low carbon steel in general. Titanium-stabilized steel (DIN 1.4970), was developed as a possible material for fast breeder sodium-cooled nuclear reactor core components for its superior creep strength, high micro-structural stability and elevated void swelling resistance. It is well known that, helium produced during neutron irradiation through the 10B(n,α)Li7 reaction, affects the mechanical properties and the amount of void swelling in nuclear reactor materials. Two nos. of Ti-stabilized steel samples with 40ppm boron and 2ppm boron (DIN 1.4970 & DIN1.4970LB steel) were analyzed for boron re-distribution behavior during different thermo-mechanical treatment using a technique known as Neutron Induced Alpha Autoradiography (NIAA). This technique is a well known technique, and widely used for revealing the spatial distribution of boron in the materials with a resolution approaching to ppm level. This technique has also been used to detect the influence of copper addition on boron distribution pattern in steel specimen. Mapping of boron autoradiography of Low carbon steels containing 20ppm of boron with and without copper was able to demonstrate this behavior. Boron track mapping of Low carbon steel without copper, in solution annealing treatment, show the uniform distribution of boron throughout the matrix, whereas when the similar steel with 1.48% copper was mapped, it shows the precipitation of boron at the grain boundaries.
6
Ryabov, A. V. "Comparative Characteristics of Free-Machining Steels of Cr-Mo Type." Solid State Phenomena 299 (January 2020): 670–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.299.670.
Full textAbstract:
The work investigates the properties of lead-free free-machining steel grade A30KhMAR, containing BN inclusions, in comparison with the base Cr-Mo steel 30KhM, lead-bearing AS30KhM, lead-calcium-bearing ASTs30KhM, calcium-bearing ATs30KhM, bismuth-calcium-bearing AVTs30KhM and tin-bearing AО30KhM. Effect of bismuth, calcium, lead, tin and boron nitride inclusions on steel susceptibility to temper brittleness and cold brittleness is studied. Contamination of steels with non-metallic inclusions is estimated. End-quench hardenability curves of the test steel A30KhMAR are obtained. Free-machining Cr-Mo structural steel, containing low-melting elements, has ASTM grain size of the number of 7–8. Hardenability and austenite grain size are satisfactory compared to the base steel 30KhM. Mechanical properties of the test steel in longitudinal direction (ultimate and proof stress, specific elongation, reduction in area, impact toughness, hardness) were also determined. It was found that bismuth, calcium, lead, tin, boron and nitrogen (in the form of boron nitride inclusions) within the studied limits do not have negative effect on mechanical properties of heat-treated ASTs30KhM, ATs30KhM, AVTs30KhM, A30KhMAR and AО30KhM steels, and the values of strength, plasticity and toughness characteristics satisfy the requirements of GOST standards for the base steel 30KhM and lead-bearing steel AS30KhM.
7
Babenko, A. A., V. I. Zhuchkov, N. I. Sel’menskikh, and A. G. Upolovnikova. "Structure and properties of 17G1S-U low-carbon pipe steel microalloyed by boron." Izvestiya Visshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii. Chernaya Metallurgiya = Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 61, no. 10 (November 14, 2018): 774–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2018-10-774-779.
Full textAbstract:
The results of analysis of the influence of boron microalloying on structure and properties of 17G1S-U pipe steel are given in the paper. Studies of metal structure were performed by electron microscopy and local X-ray spectral analysis. It has been established that metal containing 0.006 % of boron is characterized by an increased volume concentration to 0.029 % of oxide (OS) and oxysulfide (OSB) inclusions, whose content in metal without boron reaches 0.006 %. Separate sulphide inclusions (CB), whose concentration does not exceed 0.004 % against 0.029 % in a metal without boron, containing 0.01 % S is practically absent in the metal with boron containing 0.003 % S. The microalloying of pipe steel by boron has ensured the preferential formation of small nonmetallic inclusions, evenly distributed in the volume of metal. The proportion of nonmetallic inclusions with size less than 2 (rm is 76.1 %, whereas in steel without boron it is only 58.5 %. In this case, large nonmetallic inclusions of more than 10 rm are practically absent in the sample with boron. Their share does not exceed 0.6 %, which is 22 times less than their amount in the sample without boron. The structure of the sample without boron consists mainly of ferrite and a small amount of perlite, and the sample with boron is represented by a dispersed ferritic-bainitic structure. Increasing the microhardness of both ferrite and pearlite 80 and 100 HV10, respectively, is observed by adding boron to steel. The mechanical properties of 10 mm hot rolled metal from boron-containing 17G1S-U pipe steel are characterized by increased strength properties with preservation of plastic characteristics, due to the formation of predominantly small nonmetallic inclusions and a finely dispersed ferritic-bainitic structure. The absolute values of the yield stress and the time resistance of pipe steel containing in mass %: 0.006 B and 0.003 S are achieved without heat treatment at 585 and 685 MPa, respectively, and meet the X80 strength class, while retaining sufficiently high plastic characteristics. The pipe steel without boron containing 0.01 % of S belongs to the X70 strength class and is characterized by tensile strength lowered to 540 and 610 MPa and a temporary resistance, respectively.
8
Morsy, Morsy Amin, Sameh M. Khafagy, and Ahmed Ismail Zaky Farahat. "Weldability of Dual Phase Steel Containing Boron." Key Engineering Materials 835 (March 2020): 251–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.835.251.
Full textAbstract:
Carbon steel containing boron-dual phase was produced by casting and were heated to 1200 °C for hot forging to produce plates of 10 and 6 mm thick. The plates produced were heated to the inter-critical annealing temperature for 15 min. and then water quenched followed by tempering process. The microstructure of the produced steel is ferrite with islands of martensite. Welding was done to the heat treated steel plates (6mm) using SMAW process and applying AWS-E11016 electrode and as a result an over-tempered region in the heat affected zone was formed with a significant reduction of the ultimate tensile strength of the welded joint. Reduction of heat input resulted in an increase in the joint strength. Welding of the hot rolled plates with a subsequent heat treatment resulted in formation of homogenous joint with good mechanical and metallurgical properties. Application of Electron Beam Welding to this dual phase steel resulted in a welded joint with good mechanical properties comparable to that of the base metal. The results were discussed based on microstructure analysis and hardness distribution of the welded joints.
9
Babenko, Anatoly A., Natalia I. Selmensky, and Alena G. Upolovnikova. "The study of the microstructure and mechanical properties of low carbon steel, microalloying by boron." Butlerov Communications 57, no. 1 (January 31, 2019): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-57-1-143.
Full textAbstract:
The paper presents the results of the study of non-metallic inclusions, the structure and mechanical properties of low carbon steel, microalloying by boron. The study of the amount and composition of nonmetallic inclusions showed that with the introduction of boron the volume fraction of oxide and oxysulfide inclusions increases and the volume fraction of sulfide inclusions significantly decreases. At the same time, the alloying of steel with boron increases to 99.7% the proportion of inclusions with a size of no more than 5 microns against 80.6% in the metal without boron. In the metal with boron, nonmetallic inclusions larger than 10 μm are absent, while in the metal without boron their share is 13.6%. Studies have shown that in a metal containing 0.011% boron, independent boron-containing inclusions were not detected. Boron was not detected in the composition of the studied nonmetallic inclusions. In all samples, steel nonmetallic inclusions are represented mainly by oxide, oxysulfide and sulfide inclusions. In the boron-free steel, a small amount of perlite is present along with the ferritic phase. Steel microalloying by boron is accompanied by the formation of a dispersed ferrite-bainite structure, which consists of fine-grained ferrite with bainite sites with a tendency to form bainite strips along the rolling direction. The microhardness of ferrite and perlite in steel without boron does not exceed an average of 180 and 214 HV10, respectively. It is noted that the presence of boron in steel in an amount of 0.011% increases the microhardness of ferrite to 260 HV10 and bainite to 335 HV10. The mechanical properties of hot-rolled steel with a thickness of 10 mm from boron-containing low-alloyed steel, due to the predominant formation of small rounded inclusions with a size of no more than 5 microns and the formation of a fine ferrite-bainite structure, are characterized by enhanced strength properties with preservation of plastic characteristics. The absolute values of the yield strength and temporary resistance of steel with boron reach 575 and 650 MPa, respectively. With such strength properties of metal, high plastic characteristics are preserved. Rolled steel without boron is characterized by reduced to 540 and 610 MPa tensile strength and temporary resistance, respectively.
10
Adrian, Henryk, Marta Pelczar, Anna Adrian, and Joanna Augustyn-Pieniążek. "The Effect of B and Microalloying Elements (V, Ti, Nb) Additions on the Austenite Grain Growth of Low Alloy Steel." Solid State Phenomena 197 (February 2013): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.197.25.
Full textAbstract:
The effect of B and microalloying additions of V, V+Ti, V+Nb on austenite grain growth of low alloy steel containing 0.3% C, 1 % Cr and 0.2 % Mo was investigated. As a measure of austenite grain size the mean chord length of austenite grains was assumed. The boron content in investigated steel was in the range of 0 to 0.008 %. The investigations were carried out in austenitising temperature range of 850 to 1100oC. Using the thermodynamic model the contents of undissolved compounds of carbonitride V(C,N) and boron nitride BN were calculated and the effect of undissolved compounds content on austenite grain size was investigated. Obtained results showed, that vanadium content below 0.1 % was ineffective as austenite grain growth inhibitor of boron containing steel and austenite grain size of steel was higher compare to non-alloyed steel. The most effective for decreasing of austenite grains size of boron containing steel was addition of 0.18 % V + 0.03 % Nb
11
Mucsi, András, and László Dévényi. "Recrystallization of Boron Containing and Boron-Free Low Carbon Steels Investigated by Thermoelectric Power and Hardness Measurements." Materials Science Forum 812 (February 2015): 195–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.812.195.
Full textAbstract:
The measurement of thermoelectric power is a powerful method to investigate the metallurgical processes occurring in steels. In this study, four low carbon cold rolled steel sheets having different composition were investigated. The cold rolled sheets were heated up at heating rate 20 °C/hour up to different temperatures, whilst the change of thermoelectric power and hardness have been measured at room temperature after slow cooling. The thermoelectric power of steels increases with temperature until the recrystallization finishes. The raise of thermoelectric power during recrystallization is ranging between 50 and 160 nV/K, depends on the composition of the sheet. Specimens consist of boron exhibit lower thermoelectric power after recrystallization than the steel without any boron, probably due to metastable borocarbide dissolution. This fact could be a good starting point to investigate the effect of boron on thermoelectric power of steels.
12
Razdobreev, V. G. "Research of the influence of boron microallegation on the corrosion behavior of a low-carbon structural steel in various structural condition." Fundamental and applied problems of ferrous metallurgy, no. 33 (2019): 143–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.52150/2522-9117-2019-33-143-155.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the work is to study the effect of boron, structural features of the rolled steel of low-carbon steel in hot rolled and thermally hardened states on its corrosion resistance. Investigation of the corrosion resistance of hot-rolled and thermally hardened (quenching and tempering at temperatures of 200-600 jC) low-carbon steel St3sp containing 0.007% B and having no boron additives was carried out on polished samples with constant immersion in room temperature acidic medium, causing corrosion with hydrogen depolarization (1 N solution of H2SO4), and with variable immersion in aggressive media, causing corrosion with oxygen depolarization (in a 3 % NaCl solution). It was found that the atmospheric corrosion rate of hot-rolled low-carbon steel with and without boron is almost the same. It was experimentally established that samples of boron-containing steel (0.007 % B), when tested in a 1 N solution of H2SO4 and when immersed in a 3 % NaCl solution in a thermally hardened state, have a lower corrosion resistance than steel without boron: the maximum corrosion losses were samples hardened and tempered at a temperature of 300 оC. As shown by studies of microstructures using an electron microscope, when tempering 300 оC, hardened boron-containing steel is released, many relatively small inclusions of boron are released that contribute to the so-called structural corrosion. These finely divided inclusions, most of which are identified as Fe2B, are released from the supersaturated solid solution upon cooling and sharply reduce the resistance of steel to atmospheric corrosion. Thus, improving the hardenability of low-carbon steel, boron significantly reduces its corrosion resistance in aggressive environments after quenching and tempering.
13
Hafez, Shaimaa, M.M. Eissa, S.U. El-Kameesy, R.M. Elshazly, M. K. El Fawkhry, and Aly Saeed. "MODIFIED BORON-TITANIUM AUSTENITIC STAINLESS-STEEL ALLOYS FOR POWER REACTORS." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 5, no. 6 (March 20, 2020): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v5.i6.2018.248.
Full textAbstract:
Boron, Titanium and boron – titaniumaustenitic stainless steel alloys were developed to be used as a nuclear reactor shielding material. Three grades of steel alloys with base composition of AISI316 but having either Ti or B or Ti and B (SS316Ti, SS316B and SS316TiB) were designed and produced using 30 kg pilot plant medium frequency induction furnace at the same conditions. Samples of the properly treated steels were subjected to microstructure observation, hardness, tensile and impact testing. The microstructure observation revealed an austenitic phase in all investigated steel alloys. Among the investigated steels, the lowest corrosion rate was found in the modified steel containing B. The macroscopic-cross sections for neutrons > 10 keV, slow, and total slow neutrons were carried out using 241Am-Be neutron source. The developed boron and boron-titanium stainless steel alloys were found to have higher cross sections for neutrons > 10 keV, slow, and total slow neutrons than SS316 while the modified Ti- stainless steel has lower values for slow neutrons and neutrons > 10 keV than the standard stainless steel SS316. Moreover, the associated neutron half value layer (HVL) was calculated for each sample. Additionally, gamma ray shielding properties were performed for several gamma ray energies that emitted from 232Th radioactive source.
14
Babenko, A. A., L. A. Smirnov, V. I. Zhuchkov, and L. Yu Mikhailova. "Direct microalloying of structural steels by boron from oxide system CaO–SiO2–B2O3–Al2O3–MgO." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 77, no. 3 (March 28, 2021): 280–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2021-3-280-287.
Full textAbstract:
The results of fundamental studies of the physicochemical properties of slags of the CaO–SiO2–B2O3–Al2O3–MgO system were used as the basis for the development of the technology for the formation of boron-containing slags in ladle-furnace units (LFU). The recommended composition of ladle slags (1–4% B2O3, 15% Al2O3 and 8% MgO) ensures the development of direct microalloying processes of steel with boron, low viscosity, not exceeding 0.32 Pa∙s, and preservation of sufficiently high refining properties. Colemanite (Turkey) was used as boron-containing raw material, having, %: 39–41 B2O3, 26–28 CaO, no more than 5% of SiO2 and 3% of MgO. The implementation of the developed technology of direct microalloying of structural steels of a wide grade composition by boron in the BOF shop of ArcelorMittal Temirtau JSC provided the boron content at the level of 0.001–0.008%, a decrease in the consumption of manganese-based ferroalloys from 0.3 kg/t of 08кп steel to 0.8 kg/t of steel 17Г1С-У, exclusion of additives into the ladle of ferroboron and fluorspar. The proposed mode of formation of slags of the recommended composition in the melt of LFU provided a sufficiently high degree of metal desulfurization in comparison with the existing production routes. For example, with pipe steel 17Г1С-У, despite a decrease in lime consumption by 500 kg per a heat and a decrease of the steel processing time at the LFU by 40 minutes, a high degree of desulfurization, reaching 66.7%, provided a sulfur content of 0.004% in the metal. Microalloying of structural steels by boron results in their high strength properties with invariance of plasticity apart from sufficiently high refining effect.
15
Babenko, Anatoly A., Leonid A. Smirnov, and Alena G. Upolovnikova. "The Effect of Boron, Manganese and Sulfur on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Pipe Steel 17G1SU." Solid State Phenomena 316 (April 2021): 408–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.316.408.
Full textAbstract:
The paper presents the results of the effect of boron, manganese and sulfur on the microstructure and mechanical properties of pipe steel 17G1SU. It was shown that the microstructure of boron-free steel sample containing 1.4% Mn and 0.01% S consists mainly of ferrite and a small amount of perlite. Samples microalloyed by boron are represented by a dispersed ferritic-bainitic structure. A decrease in ferrite grain size from 8.7 μm, in a comparative sample without boron containing 1.4% Mn and 0.010% S to 5.8 μm in a sample of steel containing 0.006% B, 1.6% Mn and 0.011% S, shows increasing the dispersity of the ferritic-bainitic structure. A decrease in the manganese content to 1.4, sulfur to 0.004% and an increase in boron concentration to 0.0011%, despite an increase in grain size to 6.8 μm, retain a fine-grained structure. The effect of boron, manganese, and sulfur content on the microhardness of the structural phases of the studied pipe steel samples is noted. The smallest microhardness of ferrite and perlite is observed in the base sample without boron, reaching 180 and 214 HV10, respectively. The microalloying of pipe steel containing 1.6% Mn, 0.011% S with boron is accompanied by an increase in the microhardness of the bainitic phase to 314 HV10, which increases to 400 HV10 with an increase in boron concentration to 0.011%, and a decrease in the content of manganese and sulfur to 1.4 and 0.003%. In this case, the microhardness of the ferrite phase, reaching an increase to 260 HV10, is practically independent of the content of boron, manganese, and sulfur. The mechanical properties of the experimental metal rolling with a thickness of 10 mm provide the production of rolled steel of strength class X80, without heat treatment, regardless of the content of boron, manganese, and sulfur, as a result of the formation of a finely dispersed ferrite-bainitic structure.
16
Lovaši, Tomáš, Vojtěch Pečinka, Jakub Ludvík, Jiří Kubásek, Filip Průša, and Milan Kouřil. "Corrosion Properties of Boron- and Manganese-Alloyed Stainless Steels as a Material for the Bipolar Plates of PEM Fuel Cells." Materials 15, no. 19 (September 21, 2022): 6557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15196557.
Full textAbstract:
Stainless steels are materials that could be used for constructing not only the bearing parts of fuel cells but also the functional ones, particularly the bipolar plates. The advantage of stainless steel is its valuable electrical and thermal conductivity, reasonably low cost, excellent mechanical properties, and good formability. Paradoxically, the self-protection effect resulting from passivation turns into the main disadvantage, which is unacceptable interfacial contact resistance. The aim of this study was to test a number of possible stainless steels in a simulated fuel cell environment, especially those alloyed with boron and manganese, which were found to improve the contact resistance properties of stainless steels. The primary focus of the study is to determine the corrosion resistance of the individual materials tested. Electrochemical tests and contact resistance measurements were performed following the DOE requirements. Manganese-alloyed LDX stainless steel achieved the best results in the electrochemical tests; the worst were achieved by boron-containing steels. Boron-containing stainless steels suffered from localized corrosion resulting from chromium-rich boride formation. All steels tested exceeded the DOE limit in the contact resistance measurement, with 316L reaching the lowest values.
17
Opiela, M. "Effect of boron microaddition on hardenability of new-developed HSLA-type steels." Archives of Materials Science and Engineering 1-2, no. 99 (September 1, 2019): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.5878.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: The paper presents the results of investigations on the effect of 0.003% boron microaddition on the hardenability of new-developed HSLA-type steels. In order to prevent the binding of the boron microaddition with nitrogen in BN nitrides, Ti microaddition at concentrations of 0.033% and 0.028% was also added into the tested steels. Design/methodology/approach: Evaluation of hardenability of the investigated steels was carried out on the basis of the Jominy test and the analytical method, according to the ASTM 255-89 standard, taking into account the effect of the boron microaddition. Additionally, developed of the CCT-diagram of investigated steel. A DIL 805A/D dilatometer with a LVDT-type measuring head was used to carry out the dilatometric test. Findings: Microaddition of boron, introduced into steel in a concentration of 0.003% along with Ti microaddition shielding (in concentration of 0.033% in steel A and 0.028% in steel B), advantageously improves hardenability. This is reflected in calculated ideal critical diameter DIB, which is equal 163 mm for steel A and 155 mm for steel B. The form of curves of phase transformations of supercooled austenite is typical for steels with microaddition of boron, with similar chemical composition. Research limitations/implications: Due to similar chemical composition of investigated steels, the kinetics of phase transformations of austenite, supercooled under continuous cooling, was determined for steel B containing 0.28% C, 1.4% Mn, 0.3% Si, 0.26% Cr, 0.22% Mo and Nb, Ti, V and B microadditions at 0.027%, 0.028%, 0.019% and 0.003% respectively. Practical implications: Tested steels have high hardenability and show the full usability for production of forged parts with the method of thermomechanical treatment, i.e., hot- deformed in the temperature range adjusted to the type of microadditions added to steel, with direct quenching of forgings from finishing forging temperature. The results of the tests may be useful for developing the parameters of heat treatment and thermomechanical treatment of investigated steels. Originality/value: The hardenability of new-developed HSLA-type steels was determined.
18
Wang, Ming Jia, Er Bao, Zi Xi Wang, Shang Yi Zhang, Chu Chen, Yan Mei Li, and Hong Yu Wei. "Solidification and Boride Characteristics of Boron-Containing Austenitic Stainless Steel." Materials Science Forum 704-705 (December 2011): 563–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.704-705.563.
Full textAbstract:
Differential scanning calorimetry was used to study melt and solidification and microstructure of austenitic stainless steels containing boron. The liquidus and solidus temperatures decreased because of the boron content, and boron inhibited the formation of δ-Fe. A large content of eutectic boride structure was detected when the boron content was higher. The boride was M2B, and the crystal structure was orthorhombic. The crystal structure and elemental composition of M2B were investigated in detail by SEM-EDS and XRD analysis.
19
Woo, Kee Do, S. W. Kim, and Dong Ki Kim. "The Effect of the Graphitizing Heat Treatment and Boron Content on Boron Distribution in High Carbon Steel." Materials Science Forum 475-479 (January 2005): 4157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.475-479.4157.
Full textAbstract:
It is convenient to analyze the distribution of boron in high carbon steel with boron, simply using neutron-induced radiography with a neutron fluency of 1.9 x 1013 [cm-2]. It was revealed by the neutron-induced radiography that the distribution of boron was dependent on boron contents, graphitizing temperature and time. The density of boron track increased with increasing boron contents. But the density of the boron track and graphite in high carbon steel graphitized at 700°C is higher than that of high carbon steel graphitized at 750°C. The density of graphite in high carbon steel also depends upon the content of boron and the graphitizing temperature. The shape of the boron track was changed from sphere to rod type when annealed at 800°C, in steel containing 50ppm of boron, due to different phases of boride. The distribution of boron segregation or boronrich precipitates in high carbon steel was well documented with a neutron-induced radiography, but the direct relationship between graphite and boron was not clarified by it. Furthermore, the analysis of electron probe X-ray microanalyzer (EPMA) also showed that the high amount of boron coexisted with carbon in graphite in high carbon steel.
20
Komenda, Jacek, Chunhui Luo, and Johan Lönnqvist. "Interaction of Carbon, Titanium, and Boron in Micro-Alloy Steels and Its Effect on Hot Ductility." Alloys 1, no. 2 (July 6, 2022): 133–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/alloys1020009.
Full textAbstract:
Varying contents of carbon, titanium and boron were used in the base steel composition of 0.30 wt% Si, 2.0 wt% Mn, 0.006 wt% S, 0.03 wt% Nb, and 30–35 ppm N. Hot ductility tests were performed with Gleeble-3800, after the steel sample was in-situ melted, solidified, and cooled to the test temperature. Investigation was completed with thermodynamic and kinetic simulations. The best results were obtained for steels containing 58–100 ppm B and 35 ppm Ti. They showed very good hot ductility of 80–50% RA within the temperature range between 1250 °C and 800 °C. It was shown that titanium and boron were effective in improving the hot ductility. Titanium protected boron from binding into BN and was low enough to prevent excessive (Ti,Nb) carbonitride precipitation, which both could decrease hot ductility. Boron that precipitated along austenite grain boundaries as iron boride Fe2B was very beneficial for the hot ductility of steel.
21
Liu, Jing, Jing Tao Han, and Yan Long Liu. "Study on Microstructure and Property of High Boron Alloyed Stainless Steel Composite Plate Containing Titanium." Advanced Materials Research 1095 (March 2015): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1095.193.
Full textAbstract:
A certain amount of Ti was added into high boron alloyed stainless steel with content 2.25%B, and then high boron alloyed stainless steel composite casting slab with three layers was fabricated , in which central layer is high boron alloyed stainless steel containing Ti and cladding is plain 304 stainless steel without Ti. The microstructure of core and interface and the mechanical property of the composite plate were studied after hot forged, hot rolled and solution treated process respectively. The results show that the boride in as-cast microstructure of core are (Fe,Cr)2B phase with long strip and TiB2 phase with petal shape, moreover the formation of TiB2 phase decreases the amount of (Fe,Cr)2B phase. Two kinds of boride are fully broken after hot rolling and distributed in the form of block uniformly in matrix, and TiB2 phase is more fine uniform. The mechanical property especially plastic performance of high boron alloyed stainless steel composite plate containing Ti after solution treatment is improved significantly, it has reached and surpassed the United States ASTM A887-89 delivery standards.
22
Babenko, А. А., L. А. Smirnov, Е. V. Protopopov, A. G. Upolovnikova, and А. N. Smetannikov. "Fundamental studies of physicochemical properties of environmentally friendly fluorine-free slags and their use in ladle steel industry." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 65, no. 6 (June 22, 2022): 406–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2022-6-406-412.
Full textAbstract:
The article describes theoretical and experimental studies of dependence of viscosity, coefficients of sulfur and boron distribution between slag and metal, and wear degree of periclase-carbon refractories on basicity and boron oxide content in slag. It is shown that formed slags have basicity of 2.0 – 5.0 and rather high liquid mobility. These slags are characterized by an equilibrium interfacial distribution coefficient of sulfur increased to 5 – 20, which provides equilibrium sulfur content in the metal reduced to 0.001 – 0.005 %. The results of fundamental studies of the physicochemical properties of refining slags of СаО – SiO2 – В2O3 – Al2O3 – MgO system formed the basis for development of the composition of environmentally friendly fluorine-free ladle slags and technological methods for their formation in ladle-furnace unit. The recommended composition of such slags of low viscosity, which allows deep metal desulfurization, direct steel microalloying with boron and low aggressive effect on periclase-carbon refractories, provides formation of slags with a basicity of 3.0 – 4.0, containing 1 – 4 % B2O3 , 15 % Al2O3 and 8 % MgO. The formation of environmentally friendly ladle slags of the recommended composition was carried out in a ladle-furnace by loading lime, boron-containing material – colemanite (Turkey) containing 39 – 41 % B2O3 , 26 – 28 % CaO, not more than 5 % SiO2 and 3 % MgO, and pyramidal aluminum into the steel-teeming ladle for slag deoxidation and boron recovery. Introduction of the developed technology for the formation of ladle slags of recommended composition ensured the production of economically alloyed low-carbon structural boron-containing steels with a low sulfur content, incl. for large diameter pipes with high strength properties.
23
Zhuchkov, V. I., O. V. Zayakin, and А. A. Akberdin. "Prospects for using boron in metallurgy. Report 2." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 64, no. 9 (October 9, 2021): 660–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2021-9-660-668.
Full textAbstract:
The second part of the article presents perspective directions of using boron and its compounds in the preparation processes, metallurgical processing of ore materials and steel smelting in order to improve the quality of the final product. An efficient technology of silicothermal production of ferrosilicoboron containing 0.6 – 2.0 % B and 60 – 80 % Si has been developed. The advantage of this scheme is the possibility of obtaining a boron-containing alloy during ferrosilicon smelting. It has been experimentally shown that ferrosilicoboron has higher performance characteristics than ferroboron both in production and when used for steel processing. The results of industrial tests of the technology for microalloying pipe grades of steel with a new ferroalloy with boron confirmed a high degree of boron assimilation – up to 96 %. The possibility of widespread use of boron for steel microalloying is due to its cheapness, availability and environmental friendliness. According to the calculations, boron from complex ferrosilicoboron is the cheapest trace element used to increase the strength characteristics of steel. Additives of B2O3 can be successfully used to form high-magnesium liquid steel-making slags. It is shown that 0.37 – 0.55 % В2О3 effectively stabilizes the highly basic slags of the steel and ferroalloy industries. This operation allows obtaining a marketable lump material. The above review, results of the laboratory and industrial studies have shown the effectiveness of boron usage at different stages of metallurgical production. An increase in technical and economic indicators of production and quality of steel and ferroalloys, and effective disposal of waste slags is shown. The technical solutions advanced and tested at metallurgical enterprises do not require capital expenditures. They are implemented by adding microdosing of boron and its compounds to metallurgical production facilities.
24
Tokunaga, T., H. Kaku, H. Miyazaki, and F. Masuyama. "Phase Transformation Behavior of Boron Containing 9% Cr Heat Resistant Steels." Materials Science Forum 638-642 (January 2010): 2345–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.638-642.2345.
Full textAbstract:
The phase transformation behavior of 9Cr–3W–3Co–VNb steels with boron contents of 47 and 130 ppm has been investigated using differential thermal analysis (DTA). In our DTA experiments, disk-shaped samples were normalized and then tempered at temperatures between 10 and −50 °C from the ferrite-to-austenite transformation temperature (Ac1) at a rate of 30 °C/min. The measured Ac1 temperatures for 47 ppm B steel and 130 ppm B steel were 878 and 884 °C, respectively. The general features of the phase transformation behavior and the changes in hardness with tempering temperature for these boron containing steels were almost identical, irrespective of the boron content. In the DTA cooling curves during tempering at temperatures between −30 and 10 °C from the Ac1 temperatures, an exothermic peak due to the formation of fresh martensite was observed and the peak area increased with increasing tempering temperature. The Vickers hardness values measured after the DTA experiments decreased gradually with increasing tempering temperature, reaching a minimum value of about 180 HV around Ac1−40 °C, and then increased markedly, reaching a value of about 350 HV at Ac1+10 °C.
25
Babenko, Anatoly A., Leonid A. Smirnov, and Alena G. Upolovnikova. "Fundamental Research as a Basis for the Creation of New Technologies in Steel Ladle Metallurgy." Materials Science Forum 946 (February 2019): 493–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.946.493.
Full textAbstract:
Theoretical and experimental studies including a study of slag viscosity of the CaO-SiO2-B2O3 system containing 25% Al2O3 and 8% MgO and equilibrium interphase distribution of sulfur and boron between slag and a low-carbon metal were carried out using a simplex-lattice experiment design and HSC 6.1 Chemistry software (Outokumpu). Fundamental research has contributed to the development of technology of basic boron-containing slags formation in ladle at ladle-furnace. These slags have a low viscosity, retaining high refining properties and providing direct microalloying of steel by boron. This technology has no analogues in domestic and foreign practice. The development of technology in the converter plant AO "ArcelorMittal Temirtau" (Kazakhstan) provided low-carbon steel production in wide grade composition, containing 0.001-0.008% boron and 0.004-0.014% sulfur, decreased consumption of manganese, high mechanical properties of rolled metal and improved environmental conditions.
26
Dénes, Éva, Attila Lajos Tóth, and Fábián Enikő-Réka. "Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Boron Content Precipitates by FEG-SEM and EDS Methods." Materials Science Forum 659 (September 2010): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.659.295.
Full textAbstract:
The effect of the boron in steels is widely known as an element enhancing hardenability, but its role can also be related to the enamelability of steels. While the improvement of the hardenability is due to the solute boron, in the case of enameling grade steels the boron should be kept in form of precipitates 1. The hydrogen accumulated during processing and enameling diffuses to the metal/enamel interface and lead to the formation of the so called fish-scale failure. To prevent this it is needed an adequate type, number and dimension of precipitates which act as hydrogen traps hinder the free diffusion of the hydrogen in steel. The paper deals with the possibilities of investigation by scanning electron microscopy of the boron containing precipitates in the low carbon Al-killed steels apt for two side enamelling.
27
Akberdin, A. A., and M. M. Karbaev. "Chemical transformations at carbothermal reduction of barium and boron from oxides." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 62, no. 11 (December 23, 2019): 846–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2019-11-846-851.
Full textAbstract:
Alloys of boron and barium are applied to improve the quality of cast iron, steel, aluminum and other metals. The first industry produces mainly in the form of ferroboron, containing 6 – 17 % of boron depending on the brand. It is produced by an expensive aluminothermic method due to the use of boric anhydride and aluminum powder. At the same time, presence of aluminum in the metal is inevitable, it degrades the technological properties of cast iron and forms line alumina inclusions in steel. Extra-furnace removal of Al leads to oxidation of boron and its loss with slags. Therefore, the authors have proposed new methods for smelting boron-containing ferroalloys. Recent developments include the production technology of boron-containing ferrosilicon, which has been tested in industrial conditions. But its use may be limited in smelting of low-silicon steel grades. Barium is an effective modifier. Due to its low solubility in iron, it is produced in the form of alloys with silicon or aluminum. In the first case, silicides (BaSi, BaSi2 ) are formed and therefore such alloys are called silicon barium or ferrosilicon with barium. In present work, there has been studied the possibility of producing modifier with boron and barium ferroalloy. It was believed that the simultaneous presence of barium and boron in it can be demand for industry. At the first stage, chemistry of transformations in BaO– B2O3 – C ironless system was considered using the carbothermic method. A complete thermodynamic analysis of chemical interactions in this system was performed in the temperature range of 1400 – 3000 K. Possibility of the formation of a condensed metal phase due to boron carbides (B4C) and barium (BaC2 ), as well as barium hexaboride (BaB6 ) is shown. The obtained data can serve as the basis for creation of a new ferroalloy simultaneously containing boron and barium.
28
Babenko, Anatoly A., Vladimir I. Zhuchkov, and Natalia I. Selmenskih. "Effect of Boron on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Low-Carbon Tube Steel." Materials Science Forum 946 (February 2019): 374–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.946.374.
Full textAbstract:
Effects of boron in low-carbon tube steel grade 17G1SU on nonmetallic inclusions, structure and mechanical properties were investigated. Experimental samples of rolled metal containing boron 0.006 and 0.011% are characterized by predominantly small, nonmetallic inclusions not more than 5 μm, which are represented by complex alumomagnesium spinels in the shell of manganese and calcium sulfides, and small silicate inclusions. Nonmetallic inclusions of comparative pipe steel sample, containing no boron characterized by the presence of larger inclusions presented complex oxysulfide and sulfide films. The main structural component of the comparative and experimental samples is ferrite. The introduction of boron is contributed by a decrease in the average size of ferritic grains from 8.7 μm (0% B) to 6.2 (0.006% B). Increasing the boron content to 0.011% leads to slight increase (up to 6.8 microns) of the size. The mechanical properties of 10 μm rolled metal pipe steel ensured the production of rolled products of strength class X80 without additional (thermal) treatment, as a result of the reduction in the size and shape of nonmetallic inclusions, and formation of dispersed structure.
29
Liu, Jing, Guo Liang Xie, Ke Zhang, and Jing Tao Han. "Shield Performance of High Boron Alloyed Stainless Steel Composite Plate." Advanced Materials Research 535-537 (June 2012): 651–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.535-537.651.
Full textAbstract:
The shield thermal neutron performance of two high boron alloyed stainless steel composite plates(HBASSCP) was studied by the method of neutron beam transmission of neutron source reactor. The testing results indicate that the shield performance of the composite material is heavily affected by the size and distribution of the boride. Although the radiationresistance of high boron alloyed stainless steel increases with boron content, but blocky and sparse hypereutectic boride will appear in matrix when boron content is high (more than 3%), and these borides are difficult to be broken during hot deformation, so the thermal neutron is easy to penetrate directly through the space and can not be absorbed effectively. The difference between the shield performance obtained from experiments and the theoretical calculation is small for HBASSCP containing hypoeutectic boride in core material, but it is great for HBASSCP containing hypereutectic boride in core material.
30
Cho, Kyung Chul, Dong Jun Mun, Jin Young Kim, Joong Kil Park, Jae Sang Lee, and Yang Mo Koo. "Effect of Boron Precipitation Behavior on the Hot Ductility of Boron Containing Steel." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 41, no. 6 (April 10, 2010): 1421–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-010-0211-9.
Full text
31
Pei, Yanbin, Xuanhui Qu, Qilu Ge, and Tiejun Wang. "Evolution of Microstructure and Elements Distribution of Powder Metallurgy Borated Stainless Steel during Hot Isostatic Pressing." Metals 12, no. 1 (December 22, 2021): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12010019.
Full textAbstract:
Prepared by powder metallurgy process incorporating atomization and hot isostatic pressing (HIP) sintering at six different temperatures from 600 to 1160 °C, borated stainless steel (BSS) containing boron content of 1.86 wt% was studied. The phase of BSS, relative density of different temperature, microstructure, elemental distribution, and mechanical properties were tested and analyzed. The phases of the alloy were calculated by the Thermo-Calc (2021a, Thermo-Calc Software, Solna, Sweden) and studied by quantitative X-ray diffraction phase analysis. The distributions of boron, chromium, and iron in grains of the alloy were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscope. The grain size distributions and average grain sizes were calculated for the boron-containing phases at 900, 1000, 1100, and 1160 °C, as well as the average grain size of the austenite phase at 700 and 1160 °C. After undergoing HIP sintering at 900, 1000, 1100, and 1160 °C, respectively, the tensile strength and ductility of the alloy were tested, and the fracture surfaces were analyzed. It was found that the alloy consisted of two phases (austenite and boron-containing phase) when HIP sintering temperature was higher than 900 °C, and the relative density of the prepared alloys was higher than 99% when HIP temperature was higher than 1000 °C. According to the boron-containing phase grain size distribution and microstructure analysis, the boron-containing phase precipitated both inside the austenite matrix and at the grain boundaries and its growth mechanism was divided into four steps. The tensile strength and elongation of alloy were up to 776 MPa and 19% respectively when the HIP sintering was at 1000 °C.
32
Guo, Tie Ming, Ding Cang Zhang, Zhi Hui, Chang Song Han, and Li Ming Zhao. "The Effect of Trace Boron Element on Local Corrosion Resistance of Casted 0.04C-16Cr Ferritic Stainless Steel." Advanced Materials Research 415-417 (December 2011): 800–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.415-417.800.
Full textAbstract:
0.04C-16Cr and 0.04C-16Cr containing 26ppm B ferritic stainless steels were smelted by using a vacuum induction furnace. Then 65% boiling nitric acid method and the electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation method (EPR) were used to research their intergranular corrosion sensitivity. Meanwhile, electrochemical test method (Tafel polarization curve method, the anode circular polarization curve method) and chemical immersion method were used to research their pitting corrosion resistance. The results showed that the corrosion rate of 0.04 C-16Cr stainless steel containing 26ppm B in 65% boiling nitric acid is lower than that of 0.04 C-16Cr stainless steel. The reactivation rate of 0.04C-16Cr containing 26ppm B in dilute sulphuric acid medium significantly reduced compared with that of 0.04C-16Cr. The pitting corrosion potential, self-corrosion potential and the value of (Eb-Ep) of the stainless steel containing with 26ppm B in chlorideions medium reduced, while the corrosion rate increased compared with the stainless steel without B addition. It indicates that trace boron addition improves the intergranular corrosion resistance and repair ability of the passive film of the 0.04C-16Cr ferritic stainless steel after pitting corrosion process in chloride ions medium, but it also promotes the pitting corrosion tendency of the steel. Besides, introduction B to 0.04C-16Cr ferritic stainless steel reduces the steel’s corrosion resistance in active dissolved zone and promotes its intergranular corrosion tendency in chloride ions medium. The electrochemical characteristics of local corrosion are consistent with the results of chemical immersion test.
33
Zhuchkov, Vladimir I., V. A. Salina, and A. V. Sychev. "Тhe Study of the Process of Metal-Thermal Reduction of Boron from the Slag of the System CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3-B2O3." Materials Science Forum 946 (February 2019): 423–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.946.423.
Full textAbstract:
The results of thermodynamic modeling of the effect of aluminum (0.005–0.1%), contained in the metal at constant silicon concentrations (0.2%) and carbon (0.1%) on the boron reduction process from the slag of the system CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3-B2O3 basicity (CaO)/(SiO2) equal to 5 in the temperature range 1400–1700 °C, in steps of 50 °C are presented. For modeling, the software complex HSC Chemistry 6.12 developed by Outokumpu Research Oy (Finland) was used. The calculations using the Equilibrium Compositions module at a gas-phase pressure of 1 atm, containing 2.24 m3 of N2 (gas) as a neutral additive were performed. The obtained simulation results indicate the thermodynamic possibility of boron reduction from the slag of the CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3-B2O3 system by silicon and aluminum, whose concentration in the metal is insignificant – 0.2 and 0.005–0.1%, respectively. It was found that an increase in the initial aluminum content in the steel promotes an increase in the concentration of reduced boron in the metal with a content of 4% B2O3 and a given temperature. Thus, at a process temperature of 1650 °C, an increase in the initial aluminum content from 0.005 to 0.1% made it possible to increase the boron concentration in the metal by 28.5%. The results of thermodynamic modeling characterizing the effect of temperature on the degree of boron reduction at different aluminum contents are presented. Experiments on the inter-phase distribution of boron between the slag of the CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3-B2O3 system and the metal were carried out in a high-temperature Tamman resistance furnace. Low-carbon steel containing 0.005% Al was used. It was shown that aging of the metal under the slag containing 4.3% of B2O3 is accompanied by reduction of boron, the amount of which in the finished steel is 0.0089%. The coefficient of boron assimilation (KB) is 5.8%, which is in principle correlated with the results of thermodynamic modeling. The obtained results of thermodynamic modeling and experimental data showed that it is possible in principle to directly microlite boron steel by reducing it with aluminum and silicon contained in the metal.
34
Panteleyenko, Fedor, Oleg Ostanin, Katerina Panteleyenko, and Grigory Petrishin. "New Boron-Containing Materials for Surface Hardening." MATEC Web of Conferences 297 (2019): 05011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929705011.
Full textAbstract:
The authors propose the range of new materials for restoring and strengthening coatings deposition, which have the next advantages: they are made of dispersive metal wastes (allows solve the problem of waste recycling), inexpensive, doesn’t require special equipment and expensive expendables, provides high adhesion to the steel underlay, high wear resistance and low porosity. The microstructure and the main regularities in coatings obtained of these new materials via different methods are researched and described in this paper. Based on this, the main recommendations in applying area for these coatings can be formulated. Industrial testing of such coatings confirmed their high exploitation properties. New materials can be applied for restoring and strengthening of metallurgical equipment, agricultural tillage and forage machines, elements of constructing machines metal parts.
35
Pertek-Owsianna, Aleksandra, Karolina Wiśniewska-Mleczko, and Adam Piasecki. "THE INFLUENCE OF BORON IN THE SURFACE LAYER ON THE STRUCTURE AND THE TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF IRON ALLOYS." Tribologia 288, no. 6 (December 31, 2019): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.7771.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents two methods of introducing boron into the surface layer of iron alloys, namely diffusion boronizing by means of the powder method and laser alloying with a TRUMPF TLF 2600 Turbo CO2 gas laser. Amorphous boron was used as the chemical element source. As regards diffusion drilling, the influence of temperature and time on the properties of the layer was tested. During the laser alloying, the influence of the thickness of the boriding paste layer as well as the power and laser beam scanning velocity was determined. How the carbon content in steel and alloying elements in the form of chromium and boron influence the structure of the surface layer was tested. To achieve this object, the following grades of steel were used: C45, C90, 41Cr4, 102Cr6, and HARDOX boron steel. The microhardness and wear resistance of the obtained boron-containing surface layers were tested. A Metaval Carl Zeiss Jena light microscope and a Tescan VEGA 5135 scanning electron microscope, a Zwick 3212B microhardness tester, and an Amsler tribotester were used for the tests. The structure of the diffusion- borided layer consists of the needle-like zone of FeB + Fe2B iron borides about 0.15 mm thick, with a good adhesion to the substrate of the steel subjected to hardening and tempering after the boriding process. After the laser alloying, the structure shows paths with dimensions within: width up to 0.60 mm, depth up to 0.35 mm, containing a melted zone with a eutectic mixture of iron borides and martensite, a heat affected zone with a martensitic-bainitic structure and a steel core. The microhardness of both diffusionborided and laser-borided layers falls within the range of 1000 – 1900 HV0.1, depending on the parameters of the processes. It has been shown that, apart from the structure and thickness of the layer containing boron and microhardness, the frictional wear resistance depends on the state of the steel substrate, i.e. its chemical composition and heat treatment. The results of testing iron alloys in the borided state were compared with those obtained only after the heat treatment.
36
Yuan, Lin Lin, Jing Tao Han, and Jing Liu. "Analysis of Boride Phase Composition in High Boron Alloyed Stainless Steel Containing Titanium." Advanced Materials Research 941-944 (June 2014): 226–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.941-944.226.
Full textAbstract:
Hard and brittle (Fe,Cr)2B phase caused by excess boron in high boron alloyed stainless steel has adverse effects on the hot working performance and mechanical properties of material. Adding Ti into high boron alloyed stainless steel can improve the type, morphology and distribution of boride phase. The results show that TiB2 phase with petals or small block shape forms after adding Ti into high boron alloyed stainless steel, and as the increase of Ti content, TiB2 phase replaces (Fe, Cr)2B gradually. Moreover, the petal-like TiB2 phase becomes smaller and more granular after high temperature deformation, and the segregation of matrix composition is significantly weakened by the formation of TiB2 phase.
37
Xie, Guo Liang, Qiang Song Wang, Xu Jun Mi, Bai Qing Xiong, Jing Tao Han, Jing Liu, and Zheng Yi Jiang. "Analysis of Microstructures and XRD of a Gradient Boron Alloyed Composite Material." Advanced Materials Research 680 (April 2013): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.680.113.
Full textAbstract:
A new type of gradient boron alloyed composite material, containing boron alloyed core layers and stainless steel coatings around the core, were designed and prepared by composite casting and hot rolling. The evolution of microstructures, phases and precipitations, as well as their influence on hot rolling process and performance are investigated. A mixture of austenitic matrix and uniformly distributed borides are obtained in the hot rolled stainless steel with 2-2.5 % boron, while massive borides are in the length of 80-120 μm together with micro gaps at the interface between the borides, and the matrix is remained after hot rolling for the core layers with higher boron contents. Hot deformation would be hindered since more precipitations of these orthorhombic or tetragonal phases occur with an increase of the boron concentration in the core layers.
38
Peskishev, S. A., and Yu P. Solntsev. "Heat treatment of martensitically aging 03X11H8M2Φ-BД steel, containing boron." Steel in Translation 37, no. 9 (September 2007): 753–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0967091207090082.
Full text
39
Takemoto, Toshihiko, Kazunobu Yamasaki, and Yutaka Kawai. "Development of Boron-containing Stainless Steel for Thermal Neutron Shielding." Materia Japan 35, no. 4 (1996): 412–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/materia.35.412.
Full text
40
Datta, R., Sanak Mishra, V. Ramaswamy, and Anthony J. DeArdo. "A Low Carbon High Strength Steel Containing Titanium and Boron." Key Engineering Materials 84-85 (January 1993): 193–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.84-85.193.
Full text
41
Filippov, A. A., G. V. Pachurin, N. А. Kuz’min, Yu I. Mat¬veev, and V. B. Deev. "EVALUATION OF QUALITY OF ROLLED STEEL FOR COLD VOLUME FORGING." Izvestiya Visshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii. Chernaya Metallurgiya = Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 61, no. 7 (July 28, 2018): 551–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2018-7-551-556.
Full textAbstract:
Metal products obtained by cold heading from rolled metal are used in all branches of mechanical engineering. Its quality is estimated by the required chemical composition and plasticity, the absence of a dispersion of mechanical characteristics along the entire length, the absence of internal and surface defects. The competitive advantage of metalware is the result of optimization during all technological processes: from rolled metal smelting to heading of finished metalware. At the same time, to reduce costs and to achieve the required quality of metalware, an important condition is to ensure safety and to reduce the energy intensity and labor input of its manufacturing process. An important controlling role in this technological chain is the preparation of the material for its cold volume forging. High-strength fasteners, obtained in conditions of cold heading, are most often obtained from chromium steels. Recently, alternative boron-containing steels have been actively introduced. However, because of the possible formation of boron oxides and nitrides, which lead to a decrease in hardenability, they exhibit instability of thermal hardening during thermohardening of metal products. In addition, the rolled metal of chromium steels, as a rule, is cheaper by 12 – 16 %. And as the fact that foreign deliveries of such steels are associated with additional costs, the fasteners produced from boron-containing steel are obtained with even higher increase in value, which again shows the favor of chromium steels. The standard mechanical characteristics were obtained as well as the destruction criteria of 40Kh rolled steel, subjected to patenting in a nylon bath with different temperatures and subsequent drawing with different degrees of deformation during cobbing. The optimum mode of preparation of structure parameters and mechanical characteristics of rolled products before the operation of metalware cold volume forging was identified: patenting (temperature of salt bath of 400 °С) and drawing (deformation degree in the range of 5 – 10 %). It was established that treatment under this mode ensures the obtaining of the required quality of rolled products and is more preferable than the one that operates in production.
42
Skałon, M., and J. Kazior. "Enhanced sintering of austenitic stainless steel powder AISI 316L through boron containig master alloy addition." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 57, no. 3 (October 1, 2012): 789–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10172-012-0086-4.
Full textAbstract:
It is well known that boron is widely used in order to enhance sintering process for obtaining high density of sintered iron alloys. It was found that even a small amount of elemental boron added to iron based powder compacts, produces significant increase in densification rate upon formation of a liquid phase. Due to the attractive characteristic the use of boron has also been actively investigated for enhancing sintering stainless steels powders. In present research boron was added as a part of master alloy, which has been designed to provide the formation of wetting liquid phase, with accomplished characteristics for manufacturing controlled densification of sintered austenitic stainless steels powders AISI 316L. In this paper the influence of sintering atmosphere and the boron in 0,1; 0,2; 0,3 and 0,4 wt. % amount on the density, microstructure and selected properties of sintered austenitic stainless steels were reported. Green compacts obtained by cold compaction at 600 MPa reached densities around 6,2 g/cm3. The sintering process was carried out both in pure dry hydrogen atmosphere and in vacuum at temperature 1240°C using dilatometer Netzsch DIL 402C. In order to interpret the influence of sintering atmosphere and boron content on the sintering behaviour of boron alloyed austenitic stainless steels powders during heating and isothermal holding, the evolution of the dilatometric curves have been discussed. The as-sintered microstructures were characterized under the SEM (EDS), while the pore morphology by the image analysis. In conclusion it could be affirmed that the addition of the master alloy containing boron to austenitic stainless steels powders, produces a permanent liquid phase that enhances densification compacts during sintering, in particular in hydrogen atmosphere. For this reason the results are promising from a technological point of view, because boron addition could extend applications of sintered stainless steel both with respect to lower sintering temperature and shorter time necessary to obtain well rounded pores which are desirable with respect to mechanical properties and corrosion resistance.
43
Kim, S. I., D. J. Paik, Young Seog Lee, and Shi Hoon Choi. "Influence of Boron on Dynamic Recrystallization and Continuous Cooling Transformation of High Strength Interstitial Free Steels." Materials Science Forum 500-501 (November 2005): 321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.500-501.321.
Full textAbstract:
The paper examines the effect of boron (B) on the dynamic recrystallization and continuous cooling transformation (CCT) behavior in Nb-Ti microalloyed high strength interstitial free (IF) steels. For this purpose, two Nb-Ti microalloyed IF steels containing 0.003wt.% and 0.0005wt.% B, respectively, and one IF steel without B were chosen. The dynamic recrystallization behavior was investigated using hot compression testing. The character of the austenite to ferrite transformation during continuous cooling was studied by dilatometry test and CCT diagrams for the IF steels have been constructed. It was found that the initiation of dynamic recrystallization is delayed as the amount of boron increases. Addition of B retards the austenite to ferrite transformation as well. Under cooling rates of 0.5 and 1oC s-1, which correspond to slow cooling rates in the hot strip mill, the addition of B leads to the development of acicular ferrite and bainite phases. On the other hand, at similar cooling conditions the B free IF steel was observed to have a polygonal ferrite microstructure.
44
Sun, Wei-Qiang, Guang Hu, Xiao-Hang Yu, Jian Shi, Hu Xu, Rong-Jun Wu, Chao He, Qiang Yi, and Hua-Si Hu. "Study on a High-Boron-Content Stainless Steel Composite for Nuclear Radiation." Materials 14, no. 22 (November 19, 2021): 7004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14227004.
Full textAbstract:
In this research, a high-boron-content composite material with both neutron and γ rays shielding properties was developed by an optimized design and manufacture. It consists of 304 stainless steel as the matrix and spherical boron carbide (B4C) particles as the functional particles. The content of B4C is 24.68 wt%, and the particles’ radius is 1.53 mm. The density of the newly designed material is 5.17 g·cm−3, about 68.02% of that of traditional borated stainless steel containing 1.7 wt% boron, while its neutrons shielding performance is much better. Firstly, focusing on shielding properties and material density, the content and the size of B4C were optimized by the Genetic Algorithm (GA) program combined with the MCNP program. Then, some samples of the material were manufactured by the infiltration casting technique according to the optimized results. The actual density of the samples was 5.21 g cm−3. In addition, the neutron and γ rays shielding performance of the samples and borated stainless steel containing 1.7 wt% boron was tested by using an 241Am–Be neutron source and 60Co and 137Cs γ rays sources, respectively, and the results were compared. It can be concluded that the new designed material could be used as a material for nuclear power plants or spent-fuel storage and transportation containers with high requirements for mobility.
45
Yu, Projdak, Manidin V, Isaeva L, Kamkina L, and Bezshkurenko O. "Microalloying of low carbon steel with boron and a method for determining the effective concentration of dissolved boron." Theory and practice of metallurgy 1,2020, no. 1,2020 (124) (January 21, 2020): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.34185/tpm.1.2020.02.
Full textAbstract:
Goal. The effect of boron on the properties of steel is considered. It has been established that hardenability improves due to the influence of boron, which is not bound in oxides, nitrides or other compounds. This boron is in solid solution in austenite and is called an “effective” boron. The mechanism of increasing the hardenability of steel due to such boron is associated with inhibition of the occurrence of crystallization centers of ferrite and bainite. Methodology.The effective fraction of boron in dissolved state in austenite is determined by the method of electrochemical phase analysis. The microalloying of low-carbon steel 08kp with boron is tested on industrial heats under conditions of Martin workshop of JSC «Zaporozhstal». Smelting and teeming of steel were performed according to the requirements of operating technology. The input of ferroboron into metal took place while letting out the heats into the ladle after completion of the ferromanganese input. All the experimental heats were blown through in the ladle with argon to appearance of the furnace slag. For microalloying the ferroboron of the grade FB20 was used. At the by-sheet sorting of the experimental ingot of the heat (the average content of boron in the heat - 0,00138%), sampling of metal rolled stock was brought off on 5 horizons by the height. In every sample the chemical analysis for the content of boron was executed in 3th points, corresponding to the edge of roll, ¼ on the width and axis. Results of the chemical analysis are presented in the table 1. At the average content of boron in the heat - 0,00138%, the content of boron was distributed along the height and width of the ingot was distributed from 0,0008% (-0,00058%) to 0,0024% (+ 0,00102%). Results. The technology of microalloying low-carbon steel with boron has been mastered with obtaining a guaranteed content of at least 0,0008%. Putting a ferroboron into the ladle with a flow rate of 0.26 - 0.31 kg / t followed by purging the metal in a ladle with pure argon provides the boron content in the steel 0.0009 - 0.0015%. The absorption of boron during microalloying depends on the fractional composition of boron-containing material. For a fraction of less than 3 mm, assimilation is 29%, and for a fraction of 5-10 mm, 76% of the assimilation values obtained for an optimal fraction of 20-40 mm. Boron in 08kp steel increases the tensile strength by 4.5% and the yield strength by 2.6% compared with the average values of this steel without boron.
46
Ivanov, Yu F., V. E. Gromov, D. A. Romanov, O. V. Ivanova, and A. D. Teresov. "Liquid-phase boriding of high-chromium steel." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 63, no. 7 (October 5, 2020): 539–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2020-7-539-547.
Full textAbstract:
Using the methods of modern physical materials science, structuralphase states and tribological properties of 12Kh18N10T steel, subjected to electroexplosive alloying with titanium and boron and subsequent electron-beam processing in various modes depending on electron beam energy density, exposure pulse duration and their quantity have been analyzed. It has been established that electroexplosive alloying of steel with titanium and boron leads to formation of surface layer with multiphase submicro-nanocrystalline structure, characterized by presence of micropores, microcracks, and microcraters. Complex processing, combining electroexplosive alloying and subsequent irradiation with high-intensity pulsed electron beam, leads to formation of 60 μm thick multiphase submicro-nanocrystalline surface layer. It is shown that phase composition of surface layer of steel is determined by mass ratio of titanium and boron during electroexplosive alloying. Microhardness of modified layer is defined by relative mass fraction of titanium borides in surface layer and can be more than 18 times higher than microhardness of steel in its initial state (before electroexplosive alloying). Modes of complex processing have been determined at which surface layer containing exclusively titanium borides and intermetallic compounds based on titanium and iron is formed. The maximum (approximately 82 % by weight) titanium boride content is observed when steel is processed at regime with the highest mass of boron powder in the sample (mB = 87.5 mg; mTi /mB = 5.202). With decrease in mass of boron powder, relative content of borides in surface layer of steel decreases. It was found that integrated processing of steel is accompanied by sevenfold increase in microhardness of surface layer, wear resistance of steel increases by more than nine times.
47
Pei, Yanbin, Xuanhui Qu, Qilu Ge, and Tiejun Wang. "Study on the Hot Deformation Characterization of Borated Stainless Steel by Hot Isostatic Pressing." Materials 14, no. 23 (November 23, 2021): 7110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14237110.
Full textAbstract:
Borated stainless steel (BSS) specimens have a boron content of 1.86 wt%, and are prepared by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) conducted at different temperatures, ranging from 1000 to 1100 °C and a constant true strain rate (0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 s−1). These tests, with observations and microstructural analysis, have achieved the hot deformation characteristics and mechanisms of BSS. In this research, the activation energy (Q) and Zener–Hollomon parameter (Z) were contrasted against the flow curves: Q = 442.35 kJ/mol. The critical conditions associated with the initiation of dynamic recrystallization (DRX) for BSS were precisely calculated based on the function between the strain hardening rate with the flow stress: at different temperatures from 1000 to 1100 °C: the critical stresses were 146.69–254.77 MPa and the critical strains were 0.022–0.044. The facts show that the boron-containing phase of BSS prevented the onset of DRX, despite the saturated boron in the austenite initiated DRX. The microstructural analysis showed that hot deformation promoted the generation of borides, which differed from the initial microstructure of HIP. The inhomogeneous distribution of elements in the boron-containing phase was caused by hot compression.
48
Li, Dong Ling, and Hai Zhou Wang. "Determination of Inclusions of Boron and Titanium in Steel by Original Position Statistic Distribution Analysis Technique." Materials Science Forum 539-543 (March 2007): 4272–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.4272.
Full textAbstract:
A new method for the determination of inclusions of boron and titanium in medium and low alloy steel has been reported in this paper. The technique of original position statistic distribution analysis based on statistic analysis of more than ten thousands primary optical signals is applied in the present method. It is found that the abnormal high intensities in emission lines of boron and titanium occurred when a discharge volatilizes the material containing inclusions of boron and titanium. Some statistic algorithms are developed to distinguish the signals related to nonmetallic inclusions from the signals generated from soluble boron and titanium. Furthermore, mathematical models based on the relationship between the frequency of abnormal sparks and content of inclusions is put forward in this paper to count the contents of inclusions of boron and titanium. The results calculated by the present model have good coincidence with the value obtained by chemical methods. The present method has been applied to the determination of the contents of inclusions of boron and titanium in some certified reference materials and some real medium and low alloy steel samples.
49
Matrosov, M. Yu, P. G. Martynov, A. V. Mitrofanov, K. Yu Barabash, T. V. Goroshko, and M. I. Zvereva. "Study of the thermal treatment modes influence on the forming of microstructure and specified complex of mechanical properties of high-strength sheet product with guaranteed level of hardness (400–450 HB) of low-alloyed steel." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 75, no. 4 (May 18, 2019): 480–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2019-4-480-487.
Full textAbstract:
High-strength sheet product of low-alloyed steel, used at manufacturing of heavy-loaded structures, must have, apart from wear resistance, high toughness, good weldability, ability to hot and cold forming, machinability and low cost. Combination of these properties based on forming fine grain austenite structure before the martensitic transformation at definite its thermal treatment modes. Results of study of microstructure, fine structure and mechanical properties of high-strength boron-containing low-alloyed steel after different technological methods of the rolled product manufacturing presented: high-temperature hot rolling and twostages controlled rolling with accelerated cooling followed by thermal treatment – quenching with tempering. Variants of optimal modes of thermal treatment determined, providing combination of high level of impact toughness under negative temperatures, hardness and strength properties of sheet product. The two considered in the article technological variants, comprising treatment of low-alloyed steel with boron (hot rolling and two-stages controlled rolling with accelerated cooling) followed by thermal treatment results in forming fine structure of tempered martensite, which provides high mechanical properties, meeting the made requirements. Depending on the heating temperature before quenching in the range 770–950 °С, the morphology of the actual steel grain is changing from elongated to equiaxed, which is connected with the metal recrystallization process during heating after plastic deformation. The study results obtained allow to optimize the thermal treatment processes of sheet product of low-alloyed boron containing steel for particular conditions of application.
50
Bartkowska, Aneta. "Characteristics of Cr-B Coatings Produced on Vanadis® 6 Tool Steel Using Laser Processing." Materials 14, no. 10 (May 17, 2021): 2621. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14102621.
Full textAbstract:
The paper presents the results of a study of the microstructure, chemical composition, microhardness and corrosion resistance of Cr-B coatings produced on Vanadis 6 tool steel. In this study, chromium and boron were added to the steel surface using a laser alloying process. The main purpose of the study was to determine the impact of those chemical elements on surface properties. Chromium and boron as well as their mixtures were prepared in various proportions and then were applied on steel substrate in the form of precoat of 100 µm thickness. Depending on the type of precoat used and laser processing parameters, changes in microstructure and properties were observed. Coatings produced using precoat containing chromium and boron mixture were characterized by high microhardness (900 HV0.05–1300 HV0.005) while maintaining good corrosion resistance. It was also found that too low laser beam power contributed to the formation of cracks and porosity.