Journal articles on the topic 'Born Global Approach'
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Oniha, Kelly. "Success Indicators Influencing Choice Between Born Global and Born Regional Approach." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 11 (November 30, 2021): 816–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38908.
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Abstract: This paper explores the differences between born global firms and born regional firms. It compares performance between born regional firms and born global firms within the same industry. This paper would investigate three independent variables which are: firm performance, firm size, and model on a company’s strategy. I argue that despite key success indicators being almost similar in both born global firms and born regional firms, there exist some unique commonality in born global firms that are not evident in born regional firms, and vise-versa. This uniqueness motivates them to internationalize quicker than born regional firms. This paper would contribute to IB research by explaining the motivations behind behaviors of international venture firms Keywords: Born global firms, Born regional firms, international venture firms, Internationalization, resource based theory, stakeholder theory, shareholder theory
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Poole, Robert. "Global Mindset: An Entrepreneur's Perspective on the Born-Global Approach." Technology Innovation Management Review 2, no. 10 (October 17, 2012): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22215/timreview/617.
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Poole, Robert. "Global Mindset: An Entrepreneur's Perspective on the Born-Global Approach." Technology Innovation Management Review 2, no. 10 (October 17, 2012): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22215/timreview617.
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Zalan, Tatiana. "Born global on blockchain." Review of International Business and Strategy 28, no. 1 (March 5, 2018): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ribs-08-2017-0069.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to alert international business (IB) and international entrepreneurship (IE) researchers of a new phenomenon and novel research opportunities arising as a result of digital innovations brought about by the new, decentralized internet popularly known as “blockchain”. The paper contains a general overview of the blockchain technology and maps connections with the IB/IE literature, focusing on explaining accelerated internationalization of firms that are born global on blockchain. Design/methodology/approach The paper is a viewpoint based on the author’s ongoing research on blockchain and fintech and reflections on the born global literature. The paper has benefited from the author’s insights through her involvement in the global blockchain community as an investor and advisor. Findings The author argues for establishing a theoretical link between the born global literature and the literature on the economics of information goods and platform economics to explain the pace of international growth in the context of blockchain start-ups. Research limitations/implications The author urges IB/IE researchers to pay attention to research opportunities in the blockchain area, especially those related to explaining rapid internationalization of digital start-ups and a new organizational form for organizing cross-border activities known as decentralized autonomous organization. Originality/value Three factors are shown to contribute to a rapid internationalization of blockchain start-ups: network effects, solving the chicken-and-egg problem and building an ecosystem around the evolving technology.
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Andersson, Svante, Natasha Evers, and Gabriela Gliga. "Entrepreneurial marketing and born global internationalisation in China." Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal 21, no. 2 (April 9, 2018): 202–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qmr-11-2016-0115.
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Purpose This study aims to explore the entrepreneurial marketing (EM) behaviour of Swedish born globals entering the Chinese market through their international networks. Drawing from the network theory of small firm internationalisation, this study is positioned in the domain of EM, and thus captures the relevance of EM behaviour to explain how born globals internationalise through their networks. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative case study approach of two Swedish born global companies active in the Chinese market is used. The network theory helps analyse the data in the three phases of firm internationalisation processes. Findings The study shows the importance of networks for the enactment of EM for born globals. The study traces the evolution of network development in the market entry process of born globals and highlights the importance of aligning network leverage with contextual factors for market performance. Research limitations/implications The generalisation of the findings is limited due to the exploratory nature of the study and the size of the research sample. Practical implications Management of different types of networks is essential in the entry process and further growth of born globals in the Chinese market. In addition, born globals operating in psychically distant and complex institutionally contexts can especially gain support from intermediary networks. Originality/value This study extends knowledge of international entrepreneurship by demonstrating that born global managers can enact EM behaviour by leveraging networks to gain rapid entry into the Chinese market. It further highlights the role of firms’ networks in the EM activities in their internationalisation. The conceptual underpinnings of EM and network theory provide greater understanding of how born globals enter and grow their psychically distant markets.
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Chetty, Sylvie, and Colin Campbell-Hunt. "A Strategic Approach to Internationalization: A Traditional versus a “Born-Global” Approach." Journal of International Marketing 12, no. 1 (March 2004): 57–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jimk.12.1.57.25651.
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Gerschewski, Stephan, Valerie J. Lindsay, and Elizabeth Rose. "Advancing the entrepreneurial orientation construct: the role of passion and perseverance." Review of International Business and Strategy 26, no. 4 (November 7, 2016): 446–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ribs-08-2016-0042.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how entrepreneurial orientation (EO) is manifested in the context of born global firms. Specifically, the authors investigate the extent to which the EO dimensions of the influential Miller/Covin & Slevin scale are demonstrated in born globals. In addition, following calls in the literature, some as-yet unrecognised dimensions of EO in born globals are examined. Design/methodology/approach The authors use a qualitative research approach by conducting semi-structured, in-depth interviews with eight born global firms from New Zealand and Australia. Findings The authors find that the EO dimensions of proactiveness and innovativeness are strongly prevalent in these firms. In contrast to the extant literature, the results also indicate that these born global firms generally display a relatively low level of risk-taking. The authors find strong empirical support for two additional emerging dimensions of EO: passion and perseverance. Originality/value The study provides two key contributions to the area of international entrepreneurship by investigating how EO is prevalent in the context of born globals and by proposing the new dimensions of passion and perseverance.
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BRÄNNBACK, MALIN, ALAN CARSRUD, and MAIJA RENKO. "EXPLORING THE BORN GLOBAL CONCEPT IN THE BIOTECHNOLOGY CONTEXT." Journal of Enterprising Culture 15, no. 01 (March 2007): 79–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218495807000058.
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Purpose: The purpose of this research paper is to explore what constitutes being "born global." We approach the born global phenomenon by applying ideas presented in existing international entrepreneurship, business, and marketing literatures. In addition, the paper illustrates how market orientation is a relevant construct for understanding the existence of born global firms. Market orientation is contrasted with science driven strategies in young, technology based firms and in both domains. In markets as well as in science, both global and local forces influence the behavior of new biotechnology based companies. Methodology: This paper uses mixed methods including interviews and multiple industry cluster surveys. Qualitative data is analyzed by categorizing and combining data (thematic interviews). Numeric (quantitative) survey data is summarized by using non-parametric statistics. Findings: Young ventures in a global biotechnology based industry simultaneously face forces that drive them towards localization and other forces that require a more global approach. Even though both the markets of biotechnology products as well as the science base are increasingly global, this paper suggests that true born globals must do more than passively adapt to this global scene. Born global firms should pursue active, market oriented strategies in their internationalization. Since our sample firms typically perceive international market orientation as less valuable that international scientific reputation, we conclude that they do not always fulfill the "born global" criteria.
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Lin, Song, and Steven Si. "The influence of exploration and exploitation on born globals’ speed of internationalization." Management Decision 57, no. 1 (January 14, 2019): 193–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-08-2017-0735.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate exploration and exploitation as antecedents to speed of internationalization in born global firms. Design/methodology/approach By using 150 born global firms in China, the authors demonstrate that the influence of exploration and exploitation on born globals’ speed of internationalization. The statistical method in this study is hierarchical regression model. Findings The results revealed that exploration has a negative effect on the internationalization of born global firms, whereas exploration does not. The interaction between exploration and exploitation has positive influence on born globals’ speed of internationalization. Practical implications The study helps entrepreneurs and managers to better understand how to achieve international entrepreneurship success and internationalization success. Originality/value This study makes a theoretical development of internationalization speed, a core aspect of international entrepreneurship theory. First, this study contributes to theories on born globals’ speed of internationalization, which the authors redefined in the current study by using two approaches to measure the speed of internationalization of born global firms. Second, the study used exploration and exploitation as the two designated factors that are supposed to affect the speed of internationalization of born globals which contributes to the theoretical literature of international opportunity.
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Luong Buu, Hoang Anh, and Michael Wei Zhang. "Small Firms’ Internationalization Process: A Gradual or Born-Global Approach?" Academy of Management Proceedings 2014, no. 1 (January 2014): 13017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2014.13017abstract.
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Dhandapani, Karthik, Rajesh Srinivas Upadhyayula, and Rakesh Basant. "Post internationalization strategies of born global service firms." Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal 29, no. 5 (October 21, 2019): 481–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cr-02-2018-0017.
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Purpose Extant literature suggests that post-entry internationalization strategies and performance implications of born globals are an under-researched area. This paper aims to examine the internationalization strategies of born global service firms (BGSFs) and performance implications thereof through strategic group analysis of hand-collected data from Indian information technology (IT) firms. Design/methodology/approach Strategic group analysis has been used to examine if there are any differences in the strategic decisions across firms and if there are any implications of these strategies on the performance of firms. The strategic group approach helps understand not only the antecedents but also the strategic trade-offs that different groups of BGSFs face after internationalization. The study uses Indian IT industry as the context for analysis of BGSFs, as studies have found that the Indian IT industry to have significant presence of born globals. Findings Four distinct strategic paths were found to be followed by BGSFs. In addition, the nature of services and ways of mobilization or deployment of resources explain the different internationalization paths and consequently performance. The performance differences primarily stem from the choice of degree of commitment and scope of internationalization. Practical implications This study provides distinct insights to practice by charting internationalization paths for an emerging born global. Originality/value This paper contributes to the theory on born globals by using strategic lens to explain the internationalization paths and their performance implications.
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Wadeson, Nigel. "Internationalisation theory and Born Globals." Multinational Business Review 28, no. 4 (April 13, 2020): 447–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mbr-10-2019-0123.
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Purpose It has been claimed that Born Globals are incompatible with the Uppsala model, which is based on the firm having a maximum tolerable risk level. This assumption was used to explain observed incremental commitments, with further commitments being made as experiential learning reduces the level of risk faced. This study aims to show that adding a consideration of the role of expected value, including the effects of resource constraints, can reconcile the Born Global and internationalisation process literatures. Design/methodology/approach The theoretical arguments are supported by mathematical modelling of a firm pursuing expected value based on subjective beliefs. Findings While the effects of risk and expected value coincide when firms limit their downside risks by taking an incremental approach to commitments, other factors impacting on expected value can shift the balance of incentives towards earlier and more rapid internationalisation. For instance, some firms are specialised and have high costs of R&D, and so need to achieve early and rapid growth but face small home markets. While resource constraints can lead a firm to expand for some time in its home market before internationalising, the effect can be reversed in the case of the finance constraint for some firms. Originality/value The study shows how Born Global and internationalisation process literatures can be reconciled through a consideration of the effects of expected value on internationalisation decisions. It also provides a novel theoretical analysis of Born Globals.
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Magnani, Giovanna, and Antonella Zucchella. "Coping with uncertainty in the internationalisation strategy." International Marketing Review 36, no. 1 (February 11, 2019): 131–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-02-2017-0042.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore uncertainty-coping strategic actions in the internationalisation strategy of entrepreneurial ventures, encompassing born globals/international new ventures, enduring established internationalisers, old born globals, born-again globals and micro-multinationals. Design/methodology/approach The authors developed a qualitative exploratory study applying a grounded theory approach to ten entrepreneurial firms to investigate the strategies they adopted to cope with Knightian uncertainty in international markets. Findings The global niche strategy emerged as a successful path to deal with uncertainty in smaller firms’ internationalisation. The authors uncover the components of this strategy, namely the creation of markets, the focus on global clients and the control of technology. Originality/value The contribution of this paper consists in exploring how entrepreneurial firms cope with uncertainty through a global niche strategy and in outlining its main components. The authors develop a model of smaller entrepreneurial firms’ international strategising under this perspective. The research thus links together international marketing and strategy with (international) entrepreneurship studies.
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Fang, Tony, Rosalie L. Tung, Linda Berg, and Nazanin Nematshahi. "Parachuting internationalization: a study of four Scandinavian firms entering China." Cross Cultural & Strategic Management 24, no. 4 (October 2, 2017): 554–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ccsm-02-2016-0041.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a “parachuting internationalization” metaphor as an alternative strategy that firms may choose to enter foreign markets compared to Uppsala Model and Born Global Model. This proposed new metaphor seeks to integrate the Uppsala and the Born Global Models to show that firms can attain success in the age of globalization if they are adept at devising creative strategies that help them overcome the challenges in a psychically distant environment. Design/methodology/approach This is a research paper that develops theoretical perspectives inspired by the Yin Yang thinking as well as the “thick descriptive” multiple case studies. Findings “Parachuting internationalization” embraces essential elements of the Born Global and the Uppsala Models and refers to a firm’s strategic targeting of markets with great potentials, correct positioning, swift actions, and fast learning, thus enabling the firm to circumvent the conventional wisdom of liability of foreignness, cultural distance, and psychic distance. “Parachuting internationalization” is essentially a GLOCAL approach which can be implemented in practice in terms of global vision, location, opportunity, capital, accelerated cultural learning and quick action, and logistics. Research limitations/implications The “parachuting internationalization” metaphor is derived from interviews with four Scandinavian firms’ experiences that have entered into the Chinese market. This research reveals that two seemingly opposite approaches, i.e., the Born Global and the Uppsala Models, can be fruitfully combined and reconciled to generate a third novel approach. Originality/value To date, there has been little attempt to reconcile and/or integrate the Born Global and the Uppsala Models of internationalization. The paper enriches the ongoing debate on the internationalization of firms in the international business literature that has relied primarily on the Uppsala Model or Born Global Model. The study shows that a third way, i.e. the “parachuting internationalization” is both theoretically innovative and practically feasible.
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Dow, Douglas. "Born global firms and accidental internationalists: Has Hennart (2014) opened a can of worms?" Review of International Business and Strategy 27, no. 3 (September 4, 2017): 286–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ribs-02-2017-0012.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to respond to Hennart’s (2014) challenge to the existing born global literature. In his challenge, Hennart proposes a simpler explanation of why some firms internationalize earlier and more aggressively than others. However, such a parsimonious model of born global firms raises the awkward question of whether born global firms are indeed any different from firms that internationalize more gradually. Design/methodology/approach Using two extensive surveys of Australian exporters, this paper first explores the degree to which a set of six “facilitating factors” that Hennart puts forward are different across born global and non-born global firms. Next, it tests the second aspect of the debate highlighted above – i.e. whether born global firms behave differently from non-born global firms. This is done by testing for differences in the patterns of early market selection for born global and non-born global firms. Findings Support is found for both the role of facilitating factors and for the view that born global firms behave differently from non-born global firms. As a result, it is proposed that the Hennart and the RBV-oriented explanations of born global firms need to be viewed as complementary, rather than competing. Each may represent a necessary but not sufficient condition with respect to born global firms. Originality/value A systematic testing for differences in facilitating factors and market selection patterns across born global and non-born global firms are both issues that have major implications for the born global literature, and yet have been left largely unexplored to date.
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Pawęta, Elena. "The Effectual Approach in Born Global Firms: Current State of Research." Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review 4, no. 2 (2016): 105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15678/eber.2016.040209.
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Rialp-Criado, Alex, Inmaculada Galván-Sánchez, and Sonia Ma Suárez-Ortega. "A configuration-holistic approach to born-global firms’ strategy formation process." European Management Journal 28, no. 2 (April 2010): 108–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2009.05.001.
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Schueffel, Patrick, Rico Baldegger, and Wolfgang Amann. "Behavioral patterns in born-again global firms." Multinational Business Review 22, no. 4 (November 17, 2014): 418–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mbr-06-2014-0029.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify factors that influence so-called born-again global firms’ internationalization behavior. Specifically, this article explores the following questions: why do mature, domestically focused firms suddenly turn into born-again global firms, how do they do so and what elements are needed for born-again global firms to be sustainable. Design/methodology/approach – Using an established international entrepreneurship model as a starting point, we extract relevant factors for a conceptual framework on born-again global firms’ internationalization activities. Case study research among a cross-sectional sample of born-again global firms is being applied for that purpose. Findings – Driven by the insufficient size of their domestic market, born-again global firms typically embark on internationalization after a generational change at the chief executive officer level. Throughout their internationalization journey, they flexibly adapt toward new needs of their foreign environments. Due to their idiosyncratic characteristics, born-again global firms deserve consideration as a separate group of research objects in the field of international entrepreneurship. Research limitations/implications – The investigated sample of case study firms was drawn across a variety of industries. As such, industry-specific conditions could not be observed and the findings from case study research run the risks of being generalized too broadly. In addition, the accuracy of the case study results may suffer from a certain degree of hindsight bias as the internationalization event took place in the past. Practical implications – Openness to learning from other markets and the flexibility to modify products according to client needs strengthen born-again global firms’ competitiveness. To endure, born-again global firms have to be innovative in adapting to changes, which makes it easier for them to launch their products in new markets. Originality/value – To date, international entrepreneurship has focused on the activities of small and newly established firms, largely neglecting the behavior of somewhat larger and established firms in traditional sectors. This study shows that established companies can exhibit the same innovative, proactive and risk-seeking behavior across borders as new ventures do. Despite their strongly rooted structures, strategies and cultures, born-again globals can flexibly adapt to new environments.
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Kumar, Nishant, and Ali Yakhlef. "How capabilities evolve in a born global firm?" Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies 6, no. 3 (August 26, 2014): 223–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jeee-06-2014-0018.
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Purpose – The aim of this paper to examine the mechanism through which the capabilities related to internationalisation emerge and are acquired as firms internationalise. Design/methodology/approach – This study draws on existing literature on born global firms and dynamic capabilities to develop a tentative framework and then use that to examine a longitudinal case study of an Indian firm operating within knowledge-intensive services industry. The role played by these capabilities in the survival and sustained international growth of born global firms has been probed. Findings – The study establishes a link between firm’s ability to develop such capabilities for global service delivery and its growth and survival. It is suggested that dynamic capabilities emerge as the result of a mix of experiential and deliberate learning processes, being in a constant change in rhythm with changes in domestic and in international business environments. Research limitations/implications – This study is based on a single case study from knowledge-intensive service industry in India with its own particular characteristics. Thus, the findings of this study may not be generalised across other emerging markets or industry. Practical implications – Entrepreneurs and managers of new ventures can benefit from this study, as this study helps them develop a deeper understanding of the different capability requirements for successful internationalisation. Originality/value – This study contributed to the existing literature on capability evolution in born global firms.
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Falahat, Mohammad, Gary Knight, and Ilan Alon. "Orientations and capabilities of born global firms from emerging markets." International Marketing Review 35, no. 6 (November 12, 2018): 936–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-01-2017-0021.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of entrepreneurial orientation and networking capabilities of born global firms in an emerging market on marketing strategy and foreign market performance. Design/methodology/approach Structural equation modeling was used to analyze data from 1,001 internationalized firms in an emerging market and to test seven hypotheses regarding the development of marketing strategy and foreign market performance. Findings Marketing strategy was found to mediate the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and networking capability and foreign market performance, while foreign market performance is affected by entrepreneurial orientation and marketing strategy. Research limitations/implications Research on emerging market multinationals can be merged with that of born globals to augment our understanding of how early internationalizers from emerging markets perform in foreign markets. Originality/value This study is among the few focusing on born globals in emerging markets, which face the difficulties of newness and limited resources, as well as characteristics of emerging markets, such as institutional voids.
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Prystupa-Rządca, Kaja. "Usage of quantitative approach in the research of knowledge management in born global organizations – motives, research techniques and results." Problemy Zarzadzania 12, no. 3 (September 15, 2014): 26–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.7172/1644-9584.47.2.
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Paul, Justin, and Alexander Rosado-Serrano. "Gradual Internationalization vs Born-Global/International new venture models." International Marketing Review 36, no. 6 (November 11, 2019): 830–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-10-2018-0280.
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Purpose During the last two decades, studies on the theoretical models in the area of international business (IB), such as gradual internationalization and the born-global firms, have gained the attention of researchers. The purpose of this paper is to critically review the studies on the process of internationalization (Gradual Internationalization vs Born-Global/International new venture models) to identify the research gaps in this area and to prepare a future research agenda. Design/methodology/approach Systematic literature review method was employed for this review. The authors highlight the findings from prior studies, compare and contrast salient characteristics and features, based on the articles published in journals with an impact factor score of at least 1.0, and provide directions for research. Findings The authors find that there are several areas that were under-explored in prior research. There is a great potential for theoretical extension and theory development in this field as it covers the tenets of four subjects: IB, marketing, strategic management and entrepreneurship. Originality/value There is no comprehensive/integrated review exploring the methods/variables and constructs used in prior studies integrating gradual internationalization/born-global models based on all the articles published in well-regarded academic journals. This review seeks to provide deeper insights, which help us to contribute toward the development of this research field.
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Cancino, Christian A., and Freddy C. Coronado. "Exploring the determinants of born‐global firms in Chile." Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administración 27, no. 3 (November 3, 2014): 386–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arla-10-2013-0154.
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Purpose Although much has been studied about the characteristics of born‐global firms in developed countries, studies about developing economies are far and few between and most tend to be exploratory. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach This paper studies how Chilean born‐global firms behave and examine five distinct factors as compared to enterprises that gradually internationalize. A logistic regression model was applied to a sample of 115 small‐ and mid‐sized enterprises (SMEs) that presented a growing and non‐occasional internationalization to study the change in the probability that a young Chilean exporter will be classified as born‐global. Findings The results show that a foreign capital network, an economic development agencies (EDAs) network, the cultural distance from the countries receiving the exports, the localization of the SME in the capital city, and the company's size are factors that significantly increase the probability that a young Chilean exporter will be classified as born‐global. In contrast with the high technology content of the born‐global companies that has been reported in developed countries, the technology level was not relevant in how quickly the Chilean SMEs internationalized. Originality/value New public policy proposals may be inferred from the results of this paper. For example, the EDAs may increase their effort in promoting internationalization, particularly in geographical regions by taking into account the characteristics of each city and its entrepreneurs. This could help diminish the positive effect of location (i.e. perverse effect of centralization) presented in this study.
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Ryan, Paul, Natasha Evers, Adele Smith, and Svante Andersson. "Local horizontal network membership for accelerated global market reach." International Marketing Review 36, no. 1 (February 11, 2019): 6–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-03-2017-0061.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explain how some born global firms can leverage the rich social capital in their local (home country) horizontal network for accelerated international market entry and growth. Horizontal networks warrant separate attention from their vertical counterparts, which, along with those focussed on external international contexts, dominate most network studies in the realm of born global research. Design/methodology/approach The study utilises a multi-level qualitative approach in the study of a multi-firm population of animators in Ireland that, due to the small domestic market for their product, needed to pursue global customers from inception. The case study domain was purposely selected as a critical exemplar of a local horizontal network operating in a highly globalised industry. The authors collected data through in-depth interviews with 16 company founders. This primary interview data were complemented by interviews with staff at the apposite industry association and triangulated with secondary data on the local and global industry conditions, members’ international successes and awards. Findings The results demonstrate how active membership of a local horizontal network can be leveraged for the acquisition of international market knowledge and customers for born global ventures. This arises from the sharing of collective market knowledge and communal global customer information within the network to mutual benefit. Originality/value Although limited by the specific conditions in this highly globalised, non-competitive industry context, this study is unique in that it finds that cooperative interpersonal and inter-firm relationships embedded in a local horizontal social network, and mediated in part by an institutional support actor, emerge as important levers for a born global’s accelerated acquisition of foreign market knowledge and of global customers.
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Liu, Yipeng. "Born global firms’ growth and collaborative entry mode: the role of transnational entrepreneurs." International Marketing Review 34, no. 1 (February 13, 2017): 46–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-05-2015-0130.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of transnational entrepreneurs in growing born global firms, with a focus on the growth process facilitated by collaborative entry mode. Design/methodology/approach The author chose the solar photovoltaic industry as the empirical setting. This industry is a particularly good context for the study because many firms in this industry sell knowledge-intensive products internationally from their inception. The primary data consist of 32 in-depth interviews with entrepreneurs, industry association representatives, research institute scholars, and professional service firms. Findings The study highlights the importance of transnational entrepreneurs who develop born global firms to maturity by using their technological knowledge, international connections, and bicultural advantages to navigate and leverage institutional complexity. Collaborative entry mode with distributors enables born global firms’ high growth rapidly, whereas transnational entrepreneurs play a central role in building and expanding international network. Initial public offering in overseas stock exchange accelerates the high growth trajectory of born global firm by signalling its maturity. Research limitations/implications The author took a process perspective by examining the growth and maturity of born global firms by collaborative partnership; the author’s focus on the role of transnational entrepreneurs highlighted entrepreneurs’ sensitivity to institutional complexity along the growth trajectory. Practical implications The author recommends both incumbent and entrepreneurial firms in developed economies collaborate with transnational entrepreneurs in various business areas. Industry firms may be able to cooperate on product and marketing development, and professional service firms can offer services to expand born global firms further, because transnational entrepreneurs follow the global “rules of the game”. Originality/value The author shed important light on the role of transnational entrepreneurs throughout the growth of born global firms via collaborative entry mode. Furthermore, the author develops a multilevel framework for analysing the combined influence of transnational entrepreneur and institutional complexity on the growth of born global firm.
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Zhang, Man, Qian Gao, Jane V. Wheeler, and Jungsook Kwon. "Institutional effect on born global firms in China: the role of Sun Tzu’s The Art of War strategies." Journal of Asia Business Studies 10, no. 1 (January 4, 2016): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jabs-11-2014-0084.
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Purpose – This paper aims to investigate the role of Sun Tzu’s significant strategies on the relationship between the institutional environment and international performance of Chinese born global firms, a type of small- and medium-sized enterprise (SME) characterized by the company’s limited resources and its early efforts to internationalize. Design/methodology/approach – The methodology is based on a multi-case analysis of interviews conducted with four chosen born global firms, coupled with public database and Web site searches. Through the use of qualitative methods, propositions were developed. Findings – This paper provides insights regarding how the institutional environment, both formal and informal, has a strong positive relationship with born global firm’s international performance. Moreover, Sun Tzu’s significant strategies play a critical role in the internationalization process of born global firms in emerging markets. Originality/value – Although existing studies discuss the application of Eastern philosophical strategies adopted by firms in emerging markets, to the best of our knowledge, this is one of the earliest studies which evaluates the moderation effect of Sun Tzu’s significant strategies on the relationship between institutional environment and business performance. The paper contributes to scholarly discourse on the influencing factors of born global firm’s internationalization process. It also has practical relevance to international entrepreneurs and SMEs from emerging markets.
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Gull, Nida, Muhammad Asghar, Qader Aleem Ahmed, Asim Rafique Muhammad, Ahmed Syed Jameel, and Shan-e. Ali. "Entrepreneurial orientation and international performance of born global firms: the mediating role of entrepreneurial competencies." Vilakshan - XIMB Journal of Management 18, no. 2 (March 1, 2021): 122–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/xjm-06-2020-0009.
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Purpose This study aims to extend the understanding of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) by investigating the international EO (IEO) from the perspective of the international performance of born global firms. The born global firm's EOs toward global firms led to innovation and dynamic organizational capabilities and to improve the firms' international performance and development. Design/methodology/approach It is a hypothesis that IEO predicted that utilization of export promotion programs (EPPs) would be positively associated with international performance. The samples of 405 respondents were collected from born global firms to acquire higher international performance of firms in China. Structural equation modeling (SEM) and mediation analysis are processed to test the proposed hypotheses empirically. Findings The results from the SEM test revealed that the network relationships and utilization of EPPs fully mediate the effect of IEO on international performance. These results indicate that not only IEO is an important factor of network relationships but also the utilization of EPPs and international performance for born global firms. IEO can motivate managers to find the right network relationships and ultimately improve company performance. The IEO of the initiative has strong impact on the performance of international firms. Originality/value There is a comprehensive view among the relationships of IEO, entrepreneurial competencies and the network utilization of government EPPs, international performance in the context of born global firms. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed in detail.
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Calvo, Nuria, and Oskar Villarreal. "Internationalization as process of value distribution through innovation: polyhedral diagnosis of a “born global” firm." Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 34, no. 3 (April 1, 2019): 561–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-03-2017-0060.
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Purpose Technology applied to learning is blurring the traditional outlines of the relations between publishing and technology industries, moving the internationalization strategy away from a gradual perspective toward accelerated internationalization. This paper aims to provide a conceptual model of polyhedral diagnosis of market entry strategy (PODMES model) for “born global” firms involved in e-learning industries. Design/methodology/approach The use of the case study methodology allowed apply PODMES model to a “born global” firm of the e-learning industry. Findings Results confirm that “born global” firms in the e-learning industry can adopt behaviors contrary to those expected in the literature. These behaviors imply new entry patterns by creating new strategic partner–supplier–client–competitor relations that extend the traditional analysis of the internal value chain to a process of value distribution through product and technology alliances. Originality/value This research provides two main contributions. First, an advance upon previous research into “born global” firms, through deep analysis of a case study that offers new findings regarding the phenomenon studied. It permits to align this research with previous analysis, following a strict case study methodology approach. Second, this study offers the application of a new methodology (PODMES model) that integrates the most relevant theories of internationalization (factorial dodecagon) within the five contingencies of entry market and the design of a strategic profile of internationalization.
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Velt, Hannes, Lasse Torkkeli, and Sami Saarenketo. "The entrepreneurial ecosystem and born globals: the Estonian context." Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy 12, no. 2 (May 14, 2018): 117–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jec-08-2017-0056.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to develop a framework of the elements of the entrepreneurial ecosystem in the context of born global start-ups. The study also applies this framework to uncover the ecosystem elements that impact start-ups during their initial phases of discovery and validation. Design/methodology/approach The authors used an online survey questionnaire sent out to several Estonian start-ups. Based on the responses, a dataset was developed and analysed using STATA and t-test methodology. Findings The analysis resulted in the identification of seven systemic ecosystem elements as the main factors impacting the launch and ten elements impacting the growth of born global start-ups. The systemic elements that comprise the ecosystem’s strengths and weaknesses were also identified. Research limitations/implications The cross-sectional nature of the survey method and the single-country context are noted as limitations of the study and offer future research potential for longitudinal settings, for mixed method studies and for comparative country data. Practical implications The study suggests that start-ups should function in a more collective manner to create platforms, promote one another’s products and services where possible and launch collective initiatives to enhance their visibility in the global context. Born globals should engage with their local entrepreneurial ecosystem, while remaining aware of its relative strengths and weaknesses for supporting internationalisation. Social implications Although the local ecosystem involves many stakeholders, this study helps identify key stakeholders that should be focused on by the government. Doing so will help create an increasingly comprehensive ecosystem at the national level – one that functions efficiently in supporting growth-seeking enterprises such as born globals. Originality/value This study combines the two research streams of the entrepreneurial ecosystem and born globals by directly connecting them with systemic elements. This study is, to our knowledge, the first to combine the two, thus making an added contribution by highlighting macro- and micro-viewpoints, with the former lacking in research on born globals and the latter in research on ecosystems. Thus, the present study helps in bringing venture creation and local ecosystem development research closer to each other.
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Andersson, Svante, Gabriel Baffour Awuah, Ulf Aagerup, and Ingemar Wictor. "How do mature born globals create customer value to achieve international growth?" International Marketing Review 37, no. 2 (February 19, 2020): 185–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-11-2018-0340.
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PurposeThis study aims to investigate how mature born global firms create value for customers to achieve continued international growth.Design/methodology/approachThe study employs a case study approach to investigate the under-researched area of how mature born globals create value for customers and, by doing so, contribute to their continued international growth. This in-depth examination of how three born globals developed over time uses interviews, observation and secondary data.FindingsThe findings indicate that the entrepreneurs of born global firms, that continued to grow, created a culture in the early stages that supported value creation for foreign customers. These firms have built a competitive position by developing international niche products. They have also implemented a combination of proactive and reactive market orientation to facilitate the creation and delivery of value to customers. To maintain growth, they further invest the revenues earned on additional international marketing activities and continuously enhance their focal products.Research limitations/implicationsThe study relies on three cases. We therefore recommend that future studies extend the scope of the research to several companies in various industries and countries, in which the theoretical arguments can be applied. In addition, further studies that test the propositions developed in this study, in different contexts, are highly recommended.Practical implicationsTo gain international growth, managers should create an organizational culture that facilitates satisfying international customer needs. Firms should continuously invest in sales and market development (e.g. social media marketing, personal selling) and undertake technology development of niche rather than new products. To achieve international growth, managers need to standardize part of the offer to achieve economies of scale and adapt the other part to international customers' needs.Originality/valueResearch on born globals has focused on the early stages of their internationalization processes, while largely neglecting the later stages (mature born globals) or the factors that lead to continued international growth. To address this gap, this study explores what happens when born globals ‘grow up’. This study contributes to the literature by capturing the factors and processes underlying how mature born globals create value for customers, for international growth. In particular, the study shows that the culture and strategies developed in the born globals' early stages also lead to international growth in later stages. The mature born globals have also invested in niche products, brand building, and effective market channels and adopted a combination of proactive and reactive market orientations.
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Huang, Jing, Linyu Liu, and Ren Lu. "Industry risk taking and risk-taking strategy of born-global firms." Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration 12, no. 1 (November 25, 2019): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/apjba-08-2019-0165.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the relationship between industry risk taking and risk-taking strategy of born-global firms (BGs), and how industry-related variety moderates that relationship. Design/methodology/approach The authors apply fixed effect model to analyze 26,499 observations on 10,508 BGs in 276 Chinese cities. Findings The authors find that industry risk taking positively influences risk-taking strategy of BGs, and industry-related variety positively moderates such relationship. Originality/value The findings reveal how BGs formulate their risk-taking strategy given the dilemma of risk nature and hurdles in firm establishment and rapid internationalization. This paper extends understanding on BGs’ strategy making, supplements the theoretical framework on BGs with an integrated viewpoint containing “regional–industry–firm” levels and contributes to the industry variety argument.
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Stocker, Fabricio, Gustavo Abib, Ronaldo de Oliveira Santos Jhunior, and Helio Arthur Reis Irigaray. "Brazilian craft breweries and internationalization in the born global perspective." Revista de Gestão 28, no. 2 (May 20, 2021): 163–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rege-01-2021-0014.
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PurposeThis paper aims to analyze how the internationalization process of Brazilian microbreweries takes place, especially in factors of propensity to internationalization, competition and survival in the national and international market.Design/methodology/approachThe authors adopted qualitative approach research, using a multiple case study strategy, analyzing seven Brazilian craft breweries. The authors developed this study through documentary research, semi-structured interviews and nonparticipant observation.FindingsThe research findings made it possible to characterize the internationalization process motivated by the background and international experience of entrepreneurs that adopted different strategies for expansion in the international market. The authors noticed that the networks developed in production partnerships, festivals and international missions represent an increase in the ease of internationalization and helps to reduce the risk perception.Research limitations/implicationsThe contributions refer to the conjecture that the born global's evolution related to the high competitiveness of the market is influenced by the international background of the founders and by the influence of the international network, overcoming institutional and market challenges in emerging countries, assuming risks associated with rapid and early entry into the international arena.Practical implicationsThe paper is potentially useful for managerial practice and policymakers by providing insights into the characteristics of entrepreneurs and companies considering their propensity to internationalize, presenting how entrepreneurs and managers can seek resources and develop their skills and capacities to manage such companies and processes of internationalization.Originality/valueThe research is presented as a complementary study to the limited number of studies examining born globals from emerging markets, also challenging the arguments of the dominant theory regarding gradual and nonlinear internationalization.
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Monreal Pérez, Joaquín, Peter Hwang, Ana F. Moraga Pumarino, and Valeska V. Geldres Weiss. "The impact of innovation on the export activity of 'born global' firms: a configurational approach." European J. of International Management 1, no. 1 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ejim.2020.10027776.
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Loufrani-Fedida, Sabrina, Valérie Hauch, and Djamila Elidrissi. "The dynamics of relational competencies in the development of born global firms: A multilevel approach." International Business Review 28, no. 2 (April 2019): 222–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2018.09.001.
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Neubert, Michael. "Significance of the speed of internationalisation for born global firms - a multiple case study approach." International Journal of Teaching and Case Studies 7, no. 1 (2016): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijtcs.2016.076067.
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Ganvir, Manish B., and Neeraj Dwivedi. "Internationalization and performance of Indian born globals." International Journal of Emerging Markets 12, no. 1 (January 16, 2017): 108–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoem-12-2014-0207.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is threefold: first, to study internationalization-performance relationship of Indian born global (IBG) firms from multi-theoretical lens and establish the nature of this relationship; second, to highlight the role of foreign equity in moderating this relationship; and third, to establish the relevance of export intensity (EI) in determining these firms’ financial performance. Design/methodology/approach In total, 411 IBG firms were identified based on born global (BG) definition and post-entry internationalization age requirement of this study. A balanced panel comprising of three years from 2010 to 2012 was analyzed using pooled panel and moderated multiple regression techniques. Findings The authors empirically prove that though EI and financial performance are positively related at overall level, this relationship is curvilinear in nature. In presence of foreign equity this positive curvilinear relationship is moderated to inverted-U shape. Research limitations/implications The data sample is restricted to 411 private limited IBGs between the years 2009 and 2012. Implications of the findings are for policy makers and managers to sharpen their strategic foresight for exporting firms in its post-entry period. Also, investors can take level of internationalization into cognizance when investing in BG firms. Practical implications The authors believe the results have practical implications for numerous parties, such as shareholders, institutional investors, scholars, policymakers and managers. It emboldens modern day managers to make further foray into internationalization due to its positive benefits on both productivity as well as profitability. Also, firms that look for foreign equity participation have to balance their strategies for greater scale and scope into international markets. Originality/value This is the first study that brings out the vital relationship aspect of EI with financial performance of IBG firms in their post-entry internationalization period, adding to international business literature in area of BG firms in their post-entry internationalization period.
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Prystupa-Rządca, Kaja, Anna Lupina-Wegener, and Claudia Johannot. "Lessons learned from Swiss born globals entering Brazil." Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies 12, no. 1 (August 19, 2019): 125–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jeee-12-2018-0139.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to contribute to managers’ understanding of the internationalization of born global (BG) firms from developed countries in emerging markets. Adapting the new institutional sociology approach, the authors provide insights into how BGs might strive to bridge the institutional distance. Design/methodology/approach An explorative, multiple case study is used focusing on two Swiss BG firms in Brazil. Findings The study shows that these two firms faced similar institutional challenges. However, they approached them in different ways and achieved different outcomes. The comparison of these two cases highlights key factors that may influence successful internationalization, namely, niche strategies, high commitment modes of entry and the liability of outsidership. Research limitations/implications The main research implication is that the market mode of entry and high commitment entry modes are conductive to local market knowledge acquisition. Future research should investigate how western BGs might overcome the disadvantages of foreignness and effectively gain acceptance in emerging markets such as in Brazil, China or India. This could be done by looking at micro-processes, e.g. multiple identities in which BGs might strive to simultaneously fit in and stand out in the host market. Practical implications The findings, which uncover key factors that influence internationalization, shall contribute to managers’ understanding of how BG firms from developed economies enter emerging markets and overcome challenges. Originality/value Comparing these two cases highlights key factors that may shed light on the successful internationalization of BGs from developed countries in emerging markets. The authors first describe the institutional isomorphic pressures on the two Swiss BGs in Brazil. Second, the authors reveal how they engaged in isomorphic processes to bridge the institutional distance.
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Choi, Jaeyong. "Comparing global and situational support for police use of force across immigrant generations and native-born Americans." Policing: An International Journal 42, no. 6 (November 21, 2019): 1038–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-02-2019-0025.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine if global and situational support for police use of force vary across first-generation immigrants, second-generation immigrants and native-born Americans. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on data from the 2012 General Social Survey, multivariate logistic regression models are performed to predict each of the three binary outcome variables (e.g. support for police use of reasonable force or excessive force) depending on immigrant generation status. Findings Results indicate that, compared with native-born individuals, first-generation immigrants express less global support for police use of force and less support for police use of reasonable force. In contrast, the first-generation group is more supportive of police use of excessive force compared to the second-generation group and native-born group. Originality/value Much research on immigrants’ perceptions of the police has yielded conflicting findings. Part of the reason has been attributed to failure to distinguish first-generation immigrants from successive generations of immigrants. The present study fills a gap in this line of research by assessing the extent to which there is a disparity in support for police use of force between different generations of immigrants and native-born individuals.
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Donkin, Angela, Peter Goldblatt, Jessica Allen, Vivienne Nathanson, and Michael Marmot. "Global action on the social determinants of health." BMJ Global Health 3, Suppl 1 (December 1, 2017): e000603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000603.
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Action on the social determinants of health (SDH) is required to reduce inequities in health. This article summarises global progress, largely in terms of commitments and strategies. It is clear that there is widespread support for a SDH approach across the world, from global political commitment to within country action. Inequities in the conditions in which people are born, live, work and age, are however driven by inequities in power, money and resources. Political, economic and resource distribution decisions made outside the health sector need to consider health as an outcome across the social distribution as opposed to a focus solely on increasing productivity. A health in all policies approach can go some way to ensure this consideration, and we present evidence that some countries are taking this approach, however given entrenched inequalities, there is some way to go. Measuring progress on the SDH globally will be key to future development of successful policies and implementation plans, enabling the identification and sharing of best practice. WHO work to align measures with the sustainable development goals will help to forward progress measurement.
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Simba, Amon. "The role of global R&D networks in generating social capital for born-global bio-tech firms: a multi-case approach." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business 20, no. 3 (2013): 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijesb.2013.056894.
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Widiawati, Nani. "Glocal Radicalism: The Phenomenon of Local Islamic Radicalism in the Structure of Global Radicalism." Islam Realitas: Journal of Islamic and Social Studies 6, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.30983/islam_realitas.v6i2.3423.
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<p class="abstrak">This article aims to reveal the dynamic factors of glocal radicalism, the tendency of superiority in the global structure, and the strategies to address the problem of glocal radicalism. Tracing the local and global context in analyzing the phenomenon of radicalism in Islam is important because both are the main variables so that this phenomenon can be comprehensively understood. This writing is qualitative research focuses on analyzing written sources about the facts of radicalism in global and local structures using analysis-interpretive methods and digital data analysis techniques. In this way, it is found that the dynamic factors of local radicalism are indirectly part of the structure of global radicalism, born of or as an implication of the systematic propaganda of that structure, namely structural violence in the dynamics and dialectics of global forces that influence social, political, and economical processes of Islamic countries. There is a tendency for superior that is reflected in the Islamophobia phenomenon and global political reflection. In this case, the moral-based multiculturalism educational approach and the virtual approach have a strategic role to address this problem</p><p class="abstrak"> </p><p class="abstrak"><em>Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan faktor dinamis radikalisme glokal, kecenderungan superioritas dalam struktur global, serta strategi untuk menyikapi problem radikalisme glokal. Penelusuran konteks lokal dan global dalam menganalisis fakta radikalisme dalam Islam menjadi penting sebab keduanya merupakan variabel utama sehingga fakta tersebut dapat dipahami secara komprehensif. Tulisan merupakan penelitian kualitatif yang memokuskan pada telaah sumber tertulis tentang fakta radikalisme dalam struktur global dan lokal dengan metode analisis-interpretatif dan teknik analisis data digital. Dengan cara demikian, ditemukan bahwa faktor dinamis radikalisme lokal secara tidak langsung menjadi bagian dari struktur radikalisme global, lahir dari atau sebagai implikasi dari propaganda sistematis dari struktur tersebut, yaitu kekerasan struktural dalam dinamika dan dialektika kekuatan-kekuatan global yang memengaruhi proses sosial, politik, dan ekonomi negara-negara Islam. Terdapat kecenderungan superiorisme yang tercermin dalam fenomena islamofobia dan refleksi politik global. Dalam hal ini, pendekatan pendidikan multikulturalisme berbasis moral serta pendekatan virtual memiliki peran strategis untuk menyikapi problem ini.</em></p>
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Widiawati, Nani. "Glocal Radicalism: The Phenomenon of Local Islamic Radicalism in the Structure of Global Radicalism." Islam Realitas: Journal of Islamic and Social Studies 6, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.30983/islam_realitas.v6i2.3423.
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<p class="abstrak">This article aims to reveal the dynamic factors of glocal radicalism, the tendency of superiority in the global structure, and the strategies to address the problem of glocal radicalism. Tracing the local and global context in analyzing the phenomenon of radicalism in Islam is important because both are the main variables so that this phenomenon can be comprehensively understood. This writing is qualitative research focuses on analyzing written sources about the facts of radicalism in global and local structures using analysis-interpretive methods and digital data analysis techniques. In this way, it is found that the dynamic factors of local radicalism are indirectly part of the structure of global radicalism, born of or as an implication of the systematic propaganda of that structure, namely structural violence in the dynamics and dialectics of global forces that influence social, political, and economical processes of Islamic countries. There is a tendency for superior that is reflected in the Islamophobia phenomenon and global political reflection. In this case, the moral-based multiculturalism educational approach and the virtual approach have a strategic role to address this problem</p><p class="abstrak"> </p><p class="abstrak"><em>Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan faktor dinamis radikalisme glokal, kecenderungan superioritas dalam struktur global, serta strategi untuk menyikapi problem radikalisme glokal. Penelusuran konteks lokal dan global dalam menganalisis fakta radikalisme dalam Islam menjadi penting sebab keduanya merupakan variabel utama sehingga fakta tersebut dapat dipahami secara komprehensif. Tulisan merupakan penelitian kualitatif yang memokuskan pada telaah sumber tertulis tentang fakta radikalisme dalam struktur global dan lokal dengan metode analisis-interpretatif dan teknik analisis data digital. Dengan cara demikian, ditemukan bahwa faktor dinamis radikalisme lokal secara tidak langsung menjadi bagian dari struktur radikalisme global, lahir dari atau sebagai implikasi dari propaganda sistematis dari struktur tersebut, yaitu kekerasan struktural dalam dinamika dan dialektika kekuatan-kekuatan global yang memengaruhi proses sosial, politik, dan ekonomi negara-negara Islam. Terdapat kecenderungan superiorisme yang tercermin dalam fenomena islamofobia dan refleksi politik global. Dalam hal ini, pendekatan pendidikan multikulturalisme berbasis moral serta pendekatan virtual memiliki peran strategis untuk menyikapi problem ini.</em></p>
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Herath, H. M. T. S., and H. D. Karunaratne. "The role of market orientation in the performance of born global firms: a multi-dimensional construct approach." J. for International Business and Entrepreneurship Development 11, no. 4 (2018): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/jibed.2018.098711.
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Karunaratne, H. D., and H. M. T. S. Herath. "The role of market orientation in the performance of born global firms: a multi-dimensional construct approach." J. for International Business and Entrepreneurship Development 11, no. 4 (2018): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/jibed.2018.10020204.
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Neubert, Michael. "How and why born global firms differ in their speed of internationalisation - a multiple case study approach." International Journal of Teaching and Case Studies 7, no. 2 (2016): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijtcs.2016.078168.
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Gulanowski, Daniel, Nicolas Papadopoulos, and Llynne Plante. "The role of knowledge in international expansion." Review of International Business and Strategy 28, no. 1 (March 5, 2018): 35–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ribs-09-2017-0077.
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Purpose This paper aims to critically review and integrate the literature available on Uppsala (incremental) and Born Global (rapid) internationalization models and propose an integrative model that applies to both the initial and subsequent stages in internationalization. Design/methodology/approach This study draws on a systematic review and analysis of the relevant literature, using 87 articles from 28 journals which deal with the Uppsala and/or Born Global conceptualizations. Findings To date, the two views of internationalization have been presented as competing and fundamentally different explanations, as past research focuses mostly on the original 1977 Uppsala model without accounting for its five subsequent extensions (1990-2013) and not considering in sufficient depth the critical role of the knowledge construct in both models. Research limitations/implications The study focuses on English-only publications dealing expressly with the Born Global and Uppsala models; while some studies which address the focal theme tangentially may have been missed, the systematic approach to identifying the key studies of interest and the focus on a carefully delineated research domain provides confidence that the main studies relevant to the theme have been captured. Originality/value The study highlights the important role of knowledge in the internationalization of firms, and it addresses the current divide between the “incremental” and “rapid” conceptualizations which have impeded the development of theory, by positing six research propositions and an integrative model that accounts for both the incremental and rapid approaches.
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Fesenmyer, Leslie. "Ambivalent Belonging: Born-Again Christians between Africa and Europe." Journal of Religion in Africa 52, no. 1-2 (June 3, 2022): 119–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700666-12340221.
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Abstract Historically entangled with nation, race, and religion, questions of belonging are pressing and affective ones in Africa and Europe. Against the backdrop of anti-migrant hostility, globalization, and autochthonous claims, I consider how born-again Christians in London negotiate belonging between Kenya, their country of origin, and the United Kingdom, their country of residence. As ‘migrants’ and ‘diasporans’, they are seen as not belonging in either national context. Adopting a scalar approach, I argue that their identification as born-again Christians and claim to membership in a global Christian community allows them to ‘scale-jump’ and offers a morally and emotionally meaningful sense of belonging. At the same time, their encounters with various racial and religious Others locally, nationally, and transnationally mediate where they feel at ‘home’. In the face of contradictions and ambivalence, Pentecostalism helps them to navigate competing symbolic, material, and affective concerns as they seek belonging across multiple sociospatial scales.
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Ryzhikov, G., M. Biryulina, and A. Hanyga. "3D nonlinear inversion by entropy of image contrast optimization." Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 2, no. 3/4 (December 31, 1995): 228–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/npg-2-228-1995.
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Abstract. An approach to solve 3D inverse problem associated with inverting seismic reflection data is presented. It exploits the a priori assumption that the reflection data, reduced properly, can be interpreted as a perturbation of a dynamical response of a certain 'reference background'. It is supposed that the corresponding perturbation of medium parameters can be treated in terms of the 'Ray + Born'- or 'Rytov + Born'- set of medium functions. This for the reflection data means that 'kinematical' part does not generate reflections, while proper reflections are caused by single-scattering perturbations. Moreover, it is guessed that the latters are cooperated in a vicinity of a certain unknown 2D smooth surface ('Interfaces'). When this a I ' information is adequate, the approach allows to recover both the low-frequency features of the medium (the background) and its discontinuities. The approach involves a new optimization criterion, called the Entropy of Image Contrast (EnIC), and a new global optimization algorithm, called Regularized Global Approximation algorithm (RGA-algorithm). It allows to choose such a background that the linerized inversion provides the most focused image of interfaces. In other words, it yields the maximum-contrast, or minimum-entropy, interface image. The method takes into account the large amounts of data that have to be processed in 3D inversion and the sparseness of input data. It is also robust with respect to the noise in the data.
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Gorokhova, A. E. "Analysis of foreign experience in managing foreign economic activity of SMEs." Scientific notes of the Russian academy of entrepreneurship 20, no. 3 (October 5, 2021): 128–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24182/2073-6258-2021-20-3-128-138.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of foreign experience in managing the foreign economic activity of small and medium-sized enterprises. The author draws attention to how it is possible to use foreign best practices in managing a company entering foreign markets. It is determined that internationalization can be used as an opportunity to diversify the sources of income for export–oriented companies. Some approaches to expanding the international participation of SMEs are considered: the traditional approach; the approach of «companies born of globalization»; the concept of «revived by globalization»; an approach to participation in global value chains.
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Gorokhova, A. E. "Analysis of foreign experience in managing foreign economic activity of SMEs." Scientific notes of the Russian academy of entrepreneurship 20, no. 3 (October 5, 2021): 128–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24182/2073-6258-2021-20-3-128-138.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of foreign experience in managing the foreign economic activity of small and medium-sized enterprises. The author draws attention to how it is possible to use foreign best practices in managing a company entering foreign markets. It is determined that internationalization can be used as an opportunity to diversify the sources of income for export–oriented companies. Some approaches to expanding the international participation of SMEs are considered: the traditional approach; the approach of «companies born of globalization»; the concept of «revived by globalization»; an approach to participation in global value chains.