Dissertations / Theses: 'Borinic acids'

1

Bonnard, Mélanie. "Vitrimères boriniques : synthèses et applications." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0051.

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Les vitrimères représentent une classe novatrice de polymères dévoilée par le Professeur Leibler et ses collègues en 2011. Ils définissent les vitrimères comme étant des « réseaux polymères capables de modifier leur topologie tout en conservant un nombre constant de liaisons chimiques ». Ces matériaux se distinguent par leur aptitude à fusionner les caractéristiques des thermoplastiques (réutilisabilité) et des thermodurcissables (propriétés thermomécaniques et résistance chimique supérieure) grâce à un réseau chimique incorporant des liaisons covalentes dynamiques. Des réactions d'échange telles que la transestérification boronique dans les vitrimères ont été documentées, mettant en lumière la remarquable propriété de la liaison B-O échangeable sans catalyseur. Bien que des vitrimères contenant des monomères d'acides boroniques aient été élaborés, aucune publication n'a jusqu'à présent exposé l'utilisation d'acides boriniques dans ces matériaux. La synthèse d'acides boriniques non symétriques est une tâche complexe, cependant, leur complexation avec des aminoalcools permet de les isoler sous forme d'aminoborinates, dans lesquels l'atome de bore est stabilisé par la paire d'électrons non liants de l'azote. Ces composés pourraient ouvrir la voie à des vitrimères présentant une liaison B–N plus labile que la liaison B–O des esters d'acides boroniques. L'objectif principal de ce projet est de concevoir de nouveaux dérivés d'acides boriniques fonctionnalisés pouvant être utilisés comme monomères ou agents réticulants dans les vitrimères. Ce document décrit la synthèse et l'utilisation de borinates non symétriques à travers une stratégie divergente. Ces composés ont ensuite été employés dans des réactions de post-fonctionnalisation telles que la cycloaddition 1,3-dipolaire et la condensation de Knoevenagel. Ces post-fonctionnalisations visent à générer des structures aptes à être incorporées dans des copolymères pour évaluer la formation de vitrimères
Vitrimers represent an innovative class of polymers introduced by Professor Leibler and colleagues in 2011. They define vitrimers as polymer networks capable of modifying their topology while maintaining a constant number of chemical bonds. These materials distinguish themselves by their ability to merge the characteristics of thermoplastics (reusability) and thermosets (superior thermomechanical properties and chemical resistance) through a chemical network incorporating dynamic covalent bonds. Exchange reactions such as boronic transesterification in vitrimers have been documented, highlighting the remarkable property of the B–O bond exchangeable without a catalyst. Although vitrimers containing boronic acid monomers have been developed, no publication has yet exposed the use of borinic acids in these materials. The synthesis of non-symmetric borinic acids is a complex task, however, their complexation with aminoalcohols allows their isolation in the form of aminoborinates, where the boron atom is stabilized by the lone pair of nitrogen electrons. These compounds could pave the way for vitrimers featuring an B–N bond more labile than the B–O bond in boronic acid esters. The main objective of this project is to design new functionalized borinic acid derivatives that can be used as monomers or crosslinking agents in vitrimers. This document describes the synthesis and utilization of non-symmetric borinates through a divergent strategy. These compounds were then employed in post-functionalization reactions such as 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition and Knoevenagel condensation. This aims to generate structures suitable for incorporation into copolymers to assess vitrimer formation

2

Chardon, Aurelien. "Acides boriniques et hydrosilanes : de la spécificité vers la réactivité." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC255.

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L’utilisation des acides de Lewis dérivés du bore tels que les boranes, les acides boroniques et les acides boriniques a émergée récemment comme une alternative intéressante aux métaux de transitions dans le domaine de la catalyse. Lors des travaux précédemment effectués au laboratoire par Tharwat Mohy El Dine, la synthèse d’acides boriniques originaux a été effectuée. Ces catalyseurs ont montrés une activité remarquable et supérieure aux dérivés boroniques correspondants pour la synthèse catalytique de dipeptides et la réaction de formylation d’amines. Au cours de nos travaux, il nous a été possible d’évaluer l’apport des acides boriniques pour la catalyse de la réduction des amides dans des conditions douces avec une bonne compatibilité fonctionnelle, le mécanisme réactionnel a également pu être rationnalisé. Nous avons ensuite évalué l’activité du même acide borinique pour la réaction de réduction des oxydes de phosphines, des sulfoxydes et des N-oxydes d’amines. Après une étude mécanistique portant sur le transfert d’hydrure d’un hydrosilane vers un acide borinique, l’apport des acides boriniques pour l’hydrosilylation des cétones, aldéhydes et imines a également été étudié. Une méthodologie coopérative entre un hydrosilane et un acide borinique pour la catalyse de la réaction d’amidation a été développée. Enfin, une étude théorique utilisant la RMN et la DFT a permis de rationnaliser la relation structure activité de nos catalyseurs. L’ensemble de ces travaux confirme le potentiel des acides boriniques en tant que catalyseurs efficaces pour de nombreuses réactions
Boron based Lewis acid such as borane, boronic and borinic acids, has recently emerged as a strong alternative to transition metal catalysts for catalysis. During Tharwat Mody El Dine thesis, a range of original borinic acids have been synthetized. These catalysts have been used to investigate catalytic peptides synthesis and amines formylation. This thesis work with aimed the association between borinic acids and hydrosilanes for organic synthesis. In the first part a borinic acid catalyzed amides reductions have been developed, our methodology work in mild conditions and displayed high chemoselectivities. In a second chapter, we will study the activity of borinic acids for the reduction of phosphine oxides, sulfoxides and amine N-oxide. After a study on the formation of previously observed amine-borane, a borinic acid mediated ketones, aldehydes and imines hydrosilylation have been demonstrated in the third chapter. In the fourth chapter a cooperative borinic acid-hydrosilane mediated amide bond formation has been developed, the mild conditions and the absence of racemization appear as the keys elements of this methodology. Finally, RMN and DFT instruments have been used to understand the relationship between structure and reactivity of borinic acids.All this study confirms the potential of borinic acids as efficient metal-free catalysts in many organic transformations.Mots clés : catalyse, acide borinique, hydrosilane, réduction, amides

3

Birepinte, Mélodie. "Amino(organo)boranes, synthèse et propriétés." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0231.

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Ce manuscrit présente la synthèse, la réactivité et les propriétés des amino(organo)boranes. Le diisopropylaminoborane a été utilisé dans le cadre de la formation de liaisons carbone-bore. La réactivité du diisopropylaminoborane en tant qu’agent de borylation a d’abord été mise à profit pour l’hydroboration des alcynes catalysée par le réactif de Schwartz. Une grande variété d’alcénylaminoboranes, -boronates et -diazaborolanes a ainsi été synthétisée. Leur transformation stéréosélective en bromoalcènes Z et E a également été optimisée. La borylation des alcynes vrais via un procédé tandem de déshydrogénation / couplage déshydrogénant a permis l’accès à une grande variété d’alcynylaminoboranes. Enfin, les différentes réactivités des aminoboranes ont été mises à profit dans la préparation d’acides boriniques comportant une fonction phosphine, ainsi que d’ une nouvelle classe de dérivés du bore chiraux par atropoisomérie autour de la liaison C-B. Ces aminoarylboranes chiraux ont été caractérisés par séparation des énantiomères complétée d’études spectroscopiques et de racémisation
This manuscript presents the synthesis, reactivity and properties of amino(organo)boranes. The diisopropylaminoborane has been used for the formation of carbon-boron bonds. Its reactivity as a borylating agent was first explored for the hydroboration of alkynes catalyzed by Schwartz reageant. A large variety of alkenylaminoboranes, -boronates and -diazaborolanes was thus synthesized. Their stereoselective transformation into E and Z bromoalkenes was also optimized. The borylation of terminal alkynes via a tandem process of dehydrogenation/ dehydrogenative coupling allowed the access to a large scope of alkynylaminoboranes. Finally, the different reactivities of aminoboranes were used for the preparation of borinic acids bearing a phosphine group but also of a new class of chiral boron derivatives via a C-B atropisomerism. These chiral aminoarylboranes were fully characterized after separating the enantiomers and running spectroscopic analyses and racemization studies

4

Cree, Alistair Murray. "Fatigue in boric acid-sulphuric acid anodised aluminium alloys." Thesis, Open University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247058.

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5

Dervisoglu, Ozgecan. "Inferential Control Of Boric Acid Production System." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12608766/index.pdf.

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Inferential control of boric acid production system using the reaction of colemanite with sulfuric acid in four continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTR) connected in series is aimed. In this control scheme, pH of the product is measured on-line instead of boric acid concentration for control purposes. An empirical correlation between pH and boric acid concentration is developed using the collected data in a batch reacting system in laboratory-scale and this correlation is utilized in the control system for estimator design. The transfer function model of the 4-CSTR system previously obtained is used in the MPC controller design. In the experiments done previously for the modelling of 4-CSTR system, it was observed that the reaction goes complete within the first reactor. Therefore, the control is based on the measurements of pH of the second reactor by manipulating the flow rate of sulfuric acid given to the first reactor, while the flow rate of colemanite fed to the system is considered as disturbance. The designed controller&rsquo
s performance is tested for set point tracking, disturbance rejection and robustness issues using a simulation program. It is found that, the designed controller is performing satisfactorily, using the inferential control strategy for this complex reacting system.

6

Efhamisisi, Davood. "Preservation of plywood against biological attack with low environmental impact using tannin-boron preservative." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS235/document.

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Une étude expérimentale a été menée afin de protéger des attaques biologiques des contreplaqués faits d'essences non durables (hêtre et peuplier), et ce, avec un faible impact environnemental. Des produits de protection à base de tannins et de bore, nouvellement développés afin de réduire le lessivage du bore, ont été sélectionnés pour ce but. Ce système a été utilisé pour protéger les contreplaqués selon deux approches : (1) au niveau de la colle pour remplacer les adhésives à base de formaldéhyde et coller les plis, (2) en traitement des plis avec des formulations plus diluées, les plis étant collés avec des adhésifs mélamine-urée-formaldéhyde. Les données expérimentales de cette thèse peuvent être classées en trois grands groupes : essais chimiques et thermomécaniques des colles tannin-bore, mesure des propriétés physiques et mécaniques, de la résistance biologique avant et après vieillissement des différents panneaux. Les essais chimiques sur les colles tannin/hexamine ont montré que l'addition de bore sous forme d'acide borique peut contribuer à plus de liaisons inter-flavonoids et à ouvrir les cycles pyranes ce qui accélère les réactions de polymérisation. Des analyses thermomécaniques sur les colles contenant des tannins de mimosa et de quebracho ont confirmé que l'addition d'acide borique (1) abaissait le temps et la température de prise, et (2) augmentait les valeurs du module d'élasticité de la colle. L'addition d'une quantité optimale d'acide borique dans la colle à base de tannin augmente les propriétés physiques et la résistance au cisaillement. Une charge excessive d'acide borique (10%) dans la colle est la cause de pertes de propriétés mécaniques et physiques. Bien qu'en faible quantité, l'introduction de l'acide borique dans la colle de tannin amène une protection efficace contre l'attaque fongique, même après un lessivage selon l'EN 1250-2. Les résultats des essais termites montrent que l'acide borique contenu dans la colle cause le plus faible taux de survie des insectes et de perte de masse, mais présentent un fort degré d'attaque selon une cotation visuelle. Aucune amélioration n'a été obtenue lors d'un essai de choix après lessivage. Les contreplaqués faits de plis traités par des solutions tannin-bore ont montré des résistances au cisaillement plus faibles, mais toujours dans les gammes requises pour des applications en atmosphère humide. Des résultats satisfaisants ont été obtenus par les réseaux polymères de tannins, même après une lessivage sévère, vis-à-vis de l'attaque fongique. Les contreplaqués faits de plis traités à l'acide borique seul ont présenté une sensibilité importante à l'attaque biologique après un lessivage. Les résultats des essais termites ont montré un faible taux de survie des insectes et de perte de masse, même après un lessivage sévère, pour les contreplaqués avec des plis traités par des systèmes tannin-bore. Les résultats d'un essai de choix a montré que les termites préféraient se nourrir des témoins quand l'alternative proposée était des échantillons traités avec des systèmes tannin-bore
An experimental investigation was conducted to protect plywood panels made of perishable wood species (beech and poplar) against biological attacks with low environmental impact. The newly developed tannin-boron preservative which was proposed to reduce the leaching of borates was selected for this purpose. This system was used to protect plywood with two approaches: (1) in the glue line to replace formaldehyde based adhesives and gluing wood veneers, (2) pretreatment of wood veneers with the diluted formulations and bonded with melamine-urea-formaldehyde resin The research data in this thesis were obtained from three main groups of experiments: chemicals and thermomechanical testing on the tannin-boron resin, measuring physical and mechanical properties, and different biological tests before and after leaching processes. The chemicals testing on the tannin/hexamine adhesive showed that the addition ofboron, in the form of boric acid, can contribute more inter-flavonoid linkages and the opening of pyran rings which leads to the acceleration of polymerization reactions. Thermomechanical analysis on the adhesives of mimosa and quebracheo tannins confirmed that the addition of boric acid (1) lowered time and temperature of hardening, (2) and increased modulus of elasticity values of the adhesive. The addition of optimal boric acid into the tannin adhesive upgraded physical properties and tensile shear strength. An excess loading of boric acid (10%) in the glue line caused imperfect physical and mechanical features. Despite the low uptake of boric acid but its addition into the tannin glue provided effective resistance against fungal attack even after mild leaching test according to the EN 1250-2. The results of termites test showed that increase in the boric acid content of the adhesive caused the lower survival rate and the weight loss but samples underwent the high level of attack. No improvement against termite attack was obtained after leaching by a choice feeding test. The plywoods made of pretreated veneers by tannin-boron solutions showed partially lower tensile shear strength but still in the range of standards requirements for the humid applications. The satisfactory results were obtained even after severe leaching test against fungal attack with a strong polymeric network of tannin. The control plywoods made of pretreated veneers with boric acid alone solutions presented significant sensitivity against biological attack after leaching test. The results of termite tests showed the lower survival rate and the weight loss even after severe leaching test for the plywoods made of pretreated veneers with tannin-boron systems. The results of choice feeding test showed that termites preferred feeding from the controls when alternative samples were treated with the tannin-boron system. In general the evidence from this study suggests that tannin-boron system can significantly slow down the leaching of boron and it rendered high potential to preserve plywood

7

Zakharova, K., A. Mednikova, V. Rumyantsev, and T. Genusova. "Synthesis of Boron Carbide from Boric Acid and Carbon-Containing Precursors." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35601.

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The paper compares low-temperature techniques for boron carbide synthesis. Boron carbide was syn-thesized via reaction between boric acid and various carbon precursors, e.g. phenol-formaldehyde resin, su-crose, carbon black, and potato starch. Initial compositions and carbon precursor preparation techniques were selected for synthesis. The resulting products were characterized by IR spectrometry, X-ray diffrac-tion (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy. Possible boron carbide yields up to 95 % of the theoretical yield as calculated from initial boron contents at temperatures of 1550 oС were demonstrated. XRD con-firmed that the synthesized boron carbide (B4C) has a rhombohedral crystalline structure. Final product morphology may be tailored, ranging from isometric to needle-like crystallite morphology. Nanopowders as processed via high-energy milling may be further used as sintering additive for processing of boron carbide ceramics. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35601

8

Yucel, Cakal Gaye O. "Dynamic Behavior Of Continuous Flow Stirred Slurry Reactors In Boric Acid Production." Phd thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605047/index.pdf.

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One of the most important boron minerals, colemanite is reacted with sulfuric acid to produce boric acid. During this reaction, gypsum (calcium sulfate dihydrate) is formed as a byproduct. In this study, the boric acid production was handled both in a batch and four continuously stirred slurry reactors (4-CFSSR&rsquo
s) in series system. In this reaction system there are at least three phases, one liquid and two solid phases (colemanite and gypsum). In a batch reactor all the phases have the same operating time (residence time), whereas in a continuous reactor all the phases may have different residence time distributions. The residence time of both the reactant and the product solids are very important because they affect the dissolution conversion of colemanite and the growth of gypsum crystals. The main aim of this study was to investigate the dynamic behavior of continuous flow stirred slurry reactors. By obtaining the residence time distribution of the solid and liquid components, the non-idealities in the reactors can be found. The experiments performed in the continuous flow stirred slurry reactors showed that the reactors to be used during the boric acid production experiments approached an ideal CSTR in the range of the stirring rate (500-750 rpm) studied. The steady state performance of the continuous flow stirred slurry reactors (CFSSR&rsquo
s) in series was also studied. During the studies, two colemanites having the same origin but different compositions and particle sizes were used. The boric acid production reaction consists of two simultaneous reactions, dissolution of colemanite and crystallization of gypsum. The dissolution of colemanite and the gypsum formation was followed from the boric acid and calcium ion concentrations, respectively. The effect of initial CaO/ SO42- molar ratio (1.00, 1.37 and 2.17) on the boric acid and calcium ion concentrations were searched. Also, at these initial molar ratios the colemanite feed rate was varied (5, 7.5, 10 and 15 g/min) to change the residence time of the slurry. Purity of the boric acid solution was examined in terms of the selected impurities, which were the magnesium and sulfate ion concentrations. The concentrations of them were compared at the initial molar ratios of 1.00 and 1.37 with varying colemanite feed rates. It was seen that at high initial CaO/ SO42- molar ratios the sulfate and magnesium ion concentrations decreased but the calcium ion concentration increased. The gypsum crystals formed in the reaction are in the shape of thin needles. These crystals, mixed with the insolubles coming from the mineral, are removed from the boric acid slurry by filtration. Filtration of gypsum crystals has an important role in boric acid production reaction because it affects the efficiency, purity and crystallization of boric acid. These crystals must grow to an appropriate size in the reactor. The growth process of gypsum crystals should be synchronized with the dissolution reaction. The effect of solid hold-up (0.04&ndash
0.09), defined as the volume of solid to the total volume, on the residence time of gypsum crystals was investigated and the change of the residence time (17-60 min) on the growth of the gypsum was searched. The residence time at each reactor was kept constant in each experiment as the volumes of the reactors were equal. The growth of gypsum was examined by a laser diffraction particle size analyzer and the volume weighted mean diameters of the gypsum crystals were obtained. The views of the crystals were taken under a light microscope. It was observed that the high residence time had a positive effect on the growth of gypsum crystals. The crystals had volume weighted mean diameters of even 240 µ
m. The gypsum crystal growth model was obtained by using the second order crystallization reaction rate equation. The residence time of the continuous reactors are used together with the gypsum growth model to simulate the continuous boric acid reactors with macrofluid and microfluid models. The selected residence times (20-240 min) were modeled for different number of CSTR&rsquo
s (1-8) and the PFR. The simulated models were, then verified with the experimental data. The experimentally found calcium ion concentrations checked with the concentrations found from the microfluid model. It was also calculated that the experimental data fitted the microfluid model with a deviation of 4-7%.

9

Ström, Simon. "Boric acid as a lubricating additive in fuels and in hydraulic oils." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Tillämpad materialvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-356795.

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Boric acid based fuel and oil additives were investigated in this study, with the aims to gain a deeper understanding of how the boric acid fuel additive behaves, to investigate the effect of low rates of fuel additive addition and tribofilm longevity, and to investigate how boric acid behaves as a hydraulic oil additive. Fuel additive experiments were performed in a reciprocating sliding rig with a cylinder on flat contact geometry with fuel additive sprayed on the contact repeatedly, whereas the hydraulic oil experiments were performed in a reciprocating sliding rig with a ball on flat contact with the oil and additive present from the start. Analysis was performed using vertical scanning interferometry (VSI), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The tribofilms created by the fuel additive provided excellent friction reduction capabilities, even with low or no rate of replenishment. As more additive was sprayed, wear resistance seemed to increase as the surface became increasingly covered. Film coverage need to be less than 20% of the surface in order to gain full friction reducing effects. The hydraulic oil additive had little effect on friction or wear resistance under the used parameters and no tribofilm was found.

10

Marciasini, Ludovic. "Le diisopropylaminoborane : un agent de borylation alternatif pour la pformation de liaison carbone-bore. Etude de réactivité et développement de nouvelles méthodologies." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0216/document.

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Ce manuscrit présente l’utilisation du diisopropylaminoborane comme agent de borylation d’halogénuresd’aryles et de sels d’aryldiazonium. Cet agent de borylation a fait l’objet d’études au sein du laboratoireet de nouvelles méthodologies ont été développées. Une méthodologie générale de borylation de selsde diazonium, catalysée par des métallocènes dérivés du fer, du titane et du zirconium a étédéveloppée, permettant l’accès à des composés d’intérêt comme les halogénures d’aryles borylés. Deplus, une étude cinétique et mécanistique supportée par des calculs théoriques ont permisd’appréhender le mécanisme de cette nouvelle réaction. Une extension de la borylation catalysée aupalladium a été réalisée, permettant l’utilisation de bromures et de chlorures d’aryles ainsi qu’uneméthode de synthèse one-pot de dérivés biaryles non symétriques. Ces méthodes permettent deboryler efficacement des halogénures d’aryles en utilisant une catalyse au palladium homogène ousemi-hétérogène. Enfin, une étude de réactivité entre le diisopropylaminoborane et desorganométalliques dérivés du lithium et du magnésium a été achevée. Une méthodologie généraled’accès aux acides boriniques ainsi qu’une étude mécanistique a été réalisée
This manuscript describes the use of diisopropylaminoborane as borylating agent of aryl halides anddiazonium salts. This borylating agent has been the subject of studies in the laboratory and newmethodologies has been done. A general methodology of borylation of aryl diazonium salt catalyzed byiron, titanium and zirconium metallocene was developed, allowing access to useful compounds such ashalogenated aryl boron species. Furthermore, kinetic and mechanistic studies supported by theoreticalcalculation allowed a better understanding of the mechanism of the reaction. An extension of thepalladium catalyzed reaction was realized, allowing the use of aryl bromides and chlorides together witha new one-pot unsymetrical biaryl synthesis. Those methods allowed an efficient borylation of arylshalides using homogeneous semi-heterogeneous palladium catalyst. Finally, a study of reactivity of thediisopropylaminoborane and organometallics such as Grignard and organolithium was done. A generalmethodology was developed for the synthesis of diarylborinic acids and a mechanistic study wasachieved

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Celestrino, Thiago de Souza. "Efeito residual e reaplicação de boro na cultura do eucalipto (Clone I144)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152742.

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Os solos de Cerrado apresentam baixos teores de matéria orgânica e, sendo esta a principal fonte primária de boro (B), torna-se necessário o suprimento deste nutriente via adubação. Portanto, em plantios comerciais de eucalipto, é comum a adubação no sulco de plantio e até mesmo via foliar, durante a fase de implantação da cultura. Sendo assim, é importante verificar se a aplicação de B realizada inicialmente por meio de fontes com diferentes solubilidades é suficiente para atender as exigências da cultura ao longo do ciclo, ou se é necessária a reaplicação do elemento em cobertura. Objetivou-se com esse trabalho comparar o efeito residual das fontes de B aplicadas no sulco de plantio, assim como também a aplicação foliar e a reaplicação de B em cobertura na cultura do eucalipto (clone I144), tendo em vista o alto índice de bifurcação das árvores sem aplicação de B. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Renascença, localizada no município de Três Lagoas/MS, com latitude 20o 34’ S e longitude 51o 50’ O e altitude de aproximadamente 305 m. O delineamento experimental foi blocos casualizados, com cinco repetições, em esquema fatorial, onde as parcelas foram subdivididas, perfazendo um 3 x 2 x 2, sendo o primeiro fator: 0 kg ha-1 de B; 1 kg ha-1 de B utilizando o fertilizante borogran (baixa solubilidade, 10% B), aplicado manualmente em filete contínuo no sulco de plantio; 1 kg ha-1 de B utilizando o fertilizante ácido bórico (alta solubilidade, 17% B), aplicado manualmente em filete contínuo no sulco de plantio. O fatorial 2 se refere à aplicação ou não de B via foliar. Foram realizadas duas aplicações foliares de B até o primeiro ano de idade da cultura. Em cada aplicação foi utilizado ácido bórico a 0,5 % na calda com volume de 250 L ha-1. O último fator 2, se refere às subparcelas que receberam ou não a reaplicação de B aos 34 e 46 meses após o plantio, na projeção da copa, utilizando o fertilizante ácido bórico na dose de 1 kg ha-1 de B em cada aplicação. Para a aplicação de 1 kg ha-1 de B no plantio, há a necessidade da reaplicação do nutriente em cobertura, influenciando positivamente o seu teor no solo, no estado nutricional, produtividade de madeira, transferência de B ao solo e concentração no folhedo. As reaplicações de B também promoveram o maior acúmulo do nutriente no tronco, reduzindo, assim, a eficiência de uso do B na produção de madeira. Embora houve maior efeito residual de B no solo, em virtude da aplicação do borogran, as fontes de B se comportaram de modo semelhante para as mensurações de produtividade de madeira, concentração foliar, qualidade do fuste e transferência ao solo. Cabe destacar que, mesmo sendo uma dose considerada baixa (1 kg ha-1 de B), sua aplicação, bem como as aplicações foliares de B, reduziram a porcentagem de bifurcação das árvores. A densidade básica da madeira e o acúmulo de B nas frações (galhos e folhas) não foram influenciados pelo efeito residual das fontes de boro, assim como as aplicações foliares e reaplicações em cobertura.
Cerrado soils have low organic matter content, and this being the main primary source of boron (B), it is necessary to supply this element through fertilization. Therefore, in commercial eucalyptus plantations, it is common to fertilize in the planting groove and even via the foliar, during the implantation phase of the crop. Therefore, it is important to verify if the application of B carried out initially is sufficient to meet the crop requirements during the cycle, or if it is necessary to reapply the element under cover. The objective of this work was to compare the residual effect of the B sources applied to the planting groove, as well as the foliar application of the element and the reapplication of B in cover in the eucalyptus crop (clone I144), considering the high index of bifurcation in the treatments that did not receive the application of B. The experiment was conducted at Fazenda Renascença, located in the municipality of Três Lagoas/MS. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with five replications, in a factorial scheme, where the plots were subdivided, making a 3 x 2 x 2, being the first factor: 0 kg ha-1 of B; 1 kg ha-1 of B using borogran fertilizer (low solubility, 10% B), manually applied in continuous fillet in the planting groove; 1 kg ha-1 of B using boric acid fertilizer (high solubility, 17% B), manually applied in continuous fillet in the planting groove. Factorial 2 refers to the application or not of B via foliage. Two foliar applications of B were carried out until the first year of culture. In each application, 0,5% boric acid was used in the syrup with a volume of 250 L ha-1. The last factor 2, refers to the subplots that received or not the reapplication of B at 34 and 46 months after planting, in the crown projection, using the boric acid fertilizer at the dose of 1 kg ha-1 of B in each application. For the application of 1 kg ha-1 of B in the plantation, there is a need for reapplication of the covering element, positively influencing the soil element content, nutritional status of the crop, wood productivity, soil B transfer and soil concentration. element not leafed. The reapplications of B also promoted the greater accumulation of the element in the trunk of wood, thus reducing the efficiency of use of B in the production of wood. Although there was a greater residual effect of B in the soil due to borogran application, the sources of B behaved similarly to the measurements of wood productivity, leaf concentration, stem quality and soil transfer. It should be noted that even though a dose considered low (1 kg ha-1 of B), its application, as well as the foliar applications of B, reduced the percentage of bifurcation of the trees. There is a higher concentration of B in lower leaves of the crown when compared to the upper leaves, indicating, therefore, the low mobility of the element in the phloem. The basic wood density and the accumulation of B in the fractions (branches and leaves) were not influenced by the residual effect of the boron sources, as well as the foliar applications and reapplication of the cover element.
FAPESP: 14/03387-6

12

Hu, Jinbo. "Associations tanins-bore pour des produits de protection du bois à faible impact environnemental." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS248/document.

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Étant donné son origine, le bois reste biodégradable et a besoin d'être protégé contre les agents abiotiques et biotiques afin d'avoir une longue durée de service. Les associations entre les tanins et l'acide borique peuvent être considérés comme un traitement innovant et respectueux de l'environnement. Ces formulations aqueuses de tannins et d'acide borique augmentent la rémanence du bore dans le bois traité. De plus, le bore est partiellement fixé au réseau polymère de tannins autocondensés dans le bois et garde suffisamment de mobilité pour garder son efficacité biologique. Ces associations ont été testées pour une application en extérieur, au-dessus et dans le sol, et pour leurs propriétés ignifugeantes. Une première formulation de tannin-hexamine et acide borique a montré une efficacité certaine face aux dégradations biologiques et au feu. Le comportement au vieillissement naturel et artificiel, au lessivage à l'échelle du laboratoire, ainsi que l'efficacité biologique résultante, de bois traité par ces associations a été étudié. Les résultats montent que ces trois vieillissements mènent à des performances biologiques différentes, toutes liées à la teneur en bore résiduelle. Une formulation tannin-bore dite améliorée, contenant du ɛ-caprolactame pour rendre le réseau polymère plus flexible (et éviter les craquelures comme dans la première formulation) a été étudiée pour les mécanismes chimiques mis en jeu, la résistance biologique au-dessus et dans le sol, et la résistance au feu. Le polymère à base de tannin acquiert une structure plus élastique après incorporation de ɛ-caprolactame, comme démontré par des analyses FT-IR. La résistance biologique du bois traité procure une résistance à long terme en extérieur, même dans le sol. L'effet de protection au feu est moins intéressant que pour la première formulation, mais reste toute de même plus important que pour le témoin. Afin d'améliorer l'efficacité des associations entre bore et tannins, l'élaboration de bois contenant un polymère nano-composite (Wood Tannin NanoComposite, WTNC) utilisant tannins, acide borique et montmorillonite a été étudiée. Des analyses FT-IR et XRD on permit d’identifier des nanoparticules d'argiles dans le WTNC. Par ailleurs, des traces de montmorillonite dans les parois du bois ont été observées en microscopie électronique à balayage. Par comparaison avec des témoins, la résistance à la compression du WTNC est plus importante, l'absorption d'eau et l'aptitude au collage du WTNC dépend de l'essence utilisée (pin sylvestre vs. Hêtre), la stabilité dimensionnelle du WTNC est légèrement abaissée et sa mouillabilité significativement réduite. La résistance à l'attaque de champignons et termites est améliorée dans des proportions variables selon que l'on utilise du pin sylvestre ou du hêtre. Les performances anti-feu des WTNC sont affectées différemment en fonction de l'essence de bois utilisée et des paramètres considérés. Cette étude analyse aussi les impacts environnementaux de la production de produit de préservation tannin-bore (pour la première formulation) et compare aussi les impacts du berceau à la tombe dans le cadre d'une analyse de cycle de vie de bois traité par cette formulation, en comparaison avec 2 formulations industrielles et du béton. Il apparaît que même si ces associations tannin-bore peuvent être encore étudiées plus avant et plus finement du point de vue chimique, pour leurs performances biologiques (vis-à-vis d'insectes coléoptères, essais de champ avec des termites, moisissures…), ainsi que pour leur profil éco-toxicologique, elles ont montré de réelles améliorations du bois dans les domaines de la résistance biologique et de la résistance au feu
Due to its origins, wood remains biodegradable and needs to be protected against abiotic and biotic agents for a long service life. Tannin-boron associations can be considered as an innovative preservative formulation and environmentally-friendly treatment. These waterborne associations of tannins and boric acid increase the permanence of boron in the wood. Furthermore, boric acid is partly fixed to the network of autocondensed tannin in the wood and keeps sufficient mobility to maintain its biological action. These associations have been investigated for their outdoor applications, both above and in-ground, as well as for their ability for fire protection. An original formulation of tannin-hexamine and boric acid, has shown efficiency against biological attack and fire degradation. The natural and artificial weathering behaviour, and laboratory scale leaching, of such treated wood have been investigated, and followed by biological tests. The results showed that the weatherings led to different performances, always linked with the amount of remaining boron. An advanced tannin-boron formulation including ɛ-caprolactam to make the polymer network more flexible (and avoiding cracks as noticed for the original formulation) was studied for the chemical mechanisms, biological resistance above and in-ground, fire retardancy. The tannin polymer acquires a more elastic structure after adding ɛ-caprolactam, as seen with FT-IR analyses. The biological resistance of the treated wood provided a long lasting protection against degradation in outdoor exposures, and even in ground contact. However, fire retardant effect of this advanced tannin-boron preservative was negatively influenced with comparison to the original tannin-boron formulation, but still better than control. In order to improve the associations between boron and tannin for wood protection, the conception of wood polymer nanocomposite using tannin, boric acid and montmorillonite tentatively carried out. The analyses of FT-IR and XRD have investigated to identify nanoclay in Wood Tannin Nanocomposite (WTNC). Meanwhile, the trace of montmorillonite in wood cell is also captured by SEM. By comparison with control, compression strengths of WTNC samples increase; water absorption and gluing ability of WTNC depend on the wood species used (Scot Pine vs. Beech); dimensional stability of WTNC is slightly decreased, and wettability was significantly decreased. Fungal and termite resistance of WTNC are improved to different extends if Scots pine or beech samples are used. Fire performances of WTNC is affected differently depending on the wood species used and the parameters considered. This study also analyses the environmental impacts of producing tannin-boron (TB) preservative (the original formulation) and comparatively introduces the cradle-to-grave life cycle environmental impacts (LCA) of TB-treated timber as landscaping materials, compared with 2 industrial formulations and concrete.Even if all these tannin-boron association systems developed still need to be improved for some point of their chemistry, biological performances (coleoptera insects, field tests with termites, molds…), as well as for their eco-toxicological profile, they have shown to improve the biological and fire resistance of the wood

13

Kavalcı, Sedat Akkurt Sedat. "The use of boron-containing additives for synthesis of anorthite ceramic powders/." [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2006. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezler/master/malzemebilimivemuh/T000561.pdf.

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Thesis (Master)--İzmir Institute of Technology, İzmir, 2006
Keywords: Anorthite, boric acid, colemanite, statistical experimental design, X ray diffraction. Includes bibliographical references (leaves. 57-59).

14

Girka, Quentin. "Synthèse de dérivés furaniques à partir de biomasse et leur utilisation pour la synthèse de tensioactifs gemini." Thesis, Reims, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REIMS016/document.

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À cause du renforcement des réglementations et de l'évolution de l'opinion publique, les tensioactifs issus de la biomasse sont de plus en plus étudiés. À l'heure actuelle, la diversité structurelle de ces composés reste faible et est bien loin de concurrencer les produits issus des ressources fossiles. Pour enrichir les structures disponibles, nous nous sommes intéressés aux composés furaniques, comme le 2,5-diformylfurane (DFF), synthétisés à partir des sucres. Dans cette optique, nous avons tout d'abord généralisé et optimisé une méthode de synthèse originale du DFF. Ce procédé permet de s'affranchir de l'usage des métaux de transition ou des liquides ioniques. Le système utilisé pour convertir des substrats complexes, comme les amidons, repose sur l'action combinée d'acide borique, de bromure de sodium et d'acide formique dans le diméthylsulfoxyde (DMSO). L'acide borique joue un rôle majeur dans ce système puisqu'il est impliqué dans les étapes de déconstruction de la biomasse, d'isomérisation des unités glucose en fructose et dans la formation du HMF. Le bromure de sodium dans le DMSO permet l'oxydation sélective en DFF alors que l'acide formique accélère cette étape. Dans ces conditions, nous avons été capables de produire du DFF à une échelle de plusieurs dizaines de grammes avec des rendements de l'ordre de 20 %. Après l'optimisation de la synthèse, nous avons également étudié le mécanisme d'oxydation impliqué dans cette transformation. La seconde partie de l'étude a été la transformation du DFF en composés tensioactifs. Au terme d'une synthèse de cinq étapes, nous avons obtenu des produits zwitterioniques originaux avec des rendements d'environ 50 %. Ces composés de type gemini issus de la transformation des sucres montrent de bonnes propriétés comme des concentrations micellaires critiques très faibles comparables aux autres tensioactifs gemini déjà étudiés
Due to stricter reglementations and the development of public opinion, surfactants synthesized from biomass are becoming increasingly interesting. However, the structural diversity of these compounds is still too low to compete with the products synthesized from fossil resources. In order to increase the diversity of available structures, we focused on common furanic building blocks, such as 2,5-diformylfuran (DFF), which are synthesized form carbohydrates. Firstly, we optimized a new and innovative synthesis of DFF. This method allowed us to use neither transition metal catalysts nor ionic liquids. The system we used to convert complex substrates, such as starch, relies on boric acid, sodium bromide and formic acid in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). Boric acid plays a key role in this system. It is involved in the biomass deconstruction, glucose to fructose isomerization and HMF formation. Sodium bromide in DMSO promotes the oxidation to DFF and formic acid increases the rate of this step. By using this system, we were able to synthesized DFF from glucose at multigram scale with 20% yield. After optimization of the synthesis, we investigated the oxidation mechanism. The second part of this work was focused on the conversion of DFF into new gemini surfactants. At the end of a five steps transformation, zwitterionic products were obtained with 50% yield. These gemini type compounds shows interesting properties such as very low critical micellar concentration which are similar to these measured for already reported gemini surfactants

15

Yendall, Keith A. "Optimisation of boric sulphuric acid anodising based processes for metal-to-metal adhesive bonding." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2003. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7575.

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16

Erdogdu, Anil. "Dissolution Of Colemanite And Crystallization Of Gypsum During Boric Acid Production In A Batch Reactor." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605048/index.pdf.

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One of the most commonly used boron compounds, boric acid, is produced by dissolving colemanite (2CaO×
3B2O3×
5H2O) in aqueous sulfuric acid whereby gypsum (CaSO4×
2H2O) is formed as a byproduct and must be separated from the main product. This process consists of two steps, dissolution of colemanite and formation of gypsum. The amount of boric acid formed depends on the first step, dissolution of colemanite. In the latter step, gypsum crystals are formed and stay in the reaction mixture to grow up to a size large enough to be filtered out of the solution. Filtration of gypsum crystals is a crucial process in boric acid production because it affects the purity and crystallization of boric acid. In this study it is aimed to investigate the effects of particle size of colemanite, stirring rate and reaction temperature on the dissolution of colemanite, gypsum formation and particle size distribution of gypsum formed in the reaction of boric acid production. Colemanite, sulfuric acid and distilled water were used as reactants for the boric acid production reaction in this study.The colemanite minerals were provided from a region of Emet, Kutahya, Turkey. Three types of colemanite minerals having different chemical composition and particle size were used. The sulfuric acid was supplied by Eti Holding A.S. Hisarcik 1 and Hisarcik 2 colemanites were crushed in a jaw crusher, ground in a hammer mill and then sieved. The sieve analysis was performed to learn the size distribution of Hisarcik 1 and Hisarcik 2 colemanite. Hisarcik 3 colemanite was brought from Emet Boric Acid Plant. The maximum diameter of the colemanite minerals was 150 &
#956
m. The experiments were performed at different particle sizes of colemanite (0-150, 0-250 and 250-1000 &
#956
m), temperatures (70- 90 &
#61616
C) and stirring rates (350-500 rpm). The photographs of gypsum crystals were taken. The boric acid and calcium ion concentrations were determined for each experiment. Also, the solid content of the solution in the reactor were measured. The dissolution of colemanite can be followed by monitoring the boric acid concentration change in the slurry. The crystallization of gypsum from the solution can be found from the calcium ion concentration in the solution. The crystallization kinetics of calcium sulfate dihydrate was studied. The growth of the gypsum crystals were examined under the light microscope and the particle size distribution of gypsum crystals were analyzed by of the laser diffraction instrument.

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Simms, Nigel John. "The effect of boric acid on the high temperature oxidation of a 2.25Cr-1Mo steel." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292167.

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Leung, James S. K. "Structural and functional studies of the xanthine transporter UapA and the boric acid transporter Bor1." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/9679.

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The nucleobase/ascorbate transporters (NAT) are responsible for the uptake of nucleobases in all kingdoms of life, and for transportation of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in humans. Nucleobase analogues are often used as antimetabolites in the treatment of a range of diseases. A detailed understanding of nucleobase transport will increase understanding of the mechanism of action of these important proteins and facilitate design of drugs with enhanced efficacy and specificity. Owing to the extensive genetic and biochemical analysis, UapA from A. nidulans is the best studied example of the NAT family. The aim of this project was to produce pure and stable UapA from A. nidulans for structural studies by X-‐ray crystallography. In this study, it was possible to express wild type UapA in S. cerevisiae as a GFP fusion to 1.91 mg/L. Following purification, the protein was extremely unstable, degrading almost completely after 48 hours at 4°C. A number of single point mutants previously shown to exhibit reduced transport activity but correct targeting to the membrane were generated in an attempt to increase UapA stability. hFSEC and FSEC allowed successful identification of the thermostable mutant G411V, with preserved xanthine binding. G411V expressed well as a GFP fusion and was purified to homogeneity with a yield of 2.8 mg from 10 L culture. The purified protein was stable at 4°C for at least 2 days. Removal of the 11 amino acid residues at the N terminus, G411V12-‐574, improved purification yield to 4.2 mg from 10 L culture and resulted in protein that was stable at 4°C for at least 6 days. Optimised crystals of this construct currently diffract to 7.16 Å resolution. Boron (B) toxicity and deficiency in plants are worldwide agricultural problems. Understanding the mechanism of boron homeostasis in plant will provide route for the design of crops tolerant to soils with suboptimal B concentrations. We aimed to solve the structure of a boric acid transporter from A. thaliana. Preliminary crystals diffracted to 7.6 Å. Significant optimisation screening including the use of structure specific antibodies failed to improve the diffraction limit. A breakthrough came with the use of a novel type of amphiphile, undecyl-‐MNG, which significantly improved the diffraction limit to 5.0 Å. Crystal optimisation is underway to further improve the resolution.

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Johnsson, Elin. "Investigation of tribological mechanisms of a boron additive in lubricants and fuel enhancer." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Tillämpad materialvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-258234.

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The effect of using a boric acid based additive in lubricants and fuel enhancers was investigated in this study. Experiments were performed in a reciprocating and a continuous sliding ball-on-disk test equipment. Different oil types and temperatures were used. The aim of the experiments was to provide information about how these boron containing lubricants work in terms of chemistry and tribology. The surfaces after tribological contact were analyzed with Light Optical Microscopy (LOM), Vertical Scanning Interferometry (VSI), Scanning Electron Spectroscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (SIMS). The boric acid based additive and the temperature used affected both the friction and wear. A higher oil temperature resulted in wider wear tracks. Oil with boron additive seemed to lower the friction coefficient at temperatures above 50 °C, compared to the same oil without boric acid; the reference oil. The tests also indicated that friction coefficients as low as 0.05 can be achieved by using a boron additive layer on the disk surface together with PAO-oil. Tribofilms containing Zn, P, S, Mg and O were formed in the wear tracks at high temperatures for both the reference oil and oil with boron additive. Oxidized regions were found in the tracks created from tests at 25 °C. Tests with oil containing boron additive resulted in lower Zn concentrations in the tracks, which is an indication that the boric acid based additive hinders the formation of these Zn rich tribofilms. To summarize, both oils and fuel enhancers with boric acid can obtain lower friction coefficients compared to those without this additive. The role of boric acid in the tests performed, both regarding the tribology and chemistry, is not yet fully understood and more chemical investigations are needed.

20

Olander, Petra. "Tribology for Greener Combustion Engines : Scuffing in Marine Engines and a Lubricating Boric Acid Fuel Additive." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Tillämpad materialvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-333430.

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This thesis aims at increased knowledge in two fields of tribological research; both related to making currently used combustion engines greener. The first field regards the possibilities of using a boric acid fuel additive to increase fuel efficiency. The second field is about the severe wear phenomenon scuffing, which can become problematic when cargo ships are operated on low-sulphur fuel to reduce sulphuric emissions. Tribological tests were developed and performed to simulate the applications. Advanced surface analysis was performed to understand changes occurring on the outermost surface of sliding components, which affect friction and wear. Samples from engines were studied to verify the relation between the lab tests and the applications. In the case of boric acid, the coefficient of friction was below 0.02 for large parts of the tests, but varied with test parameters. The corresponding reduction in friction was up to 78% compared with tests without the additive. As an attempt to assess if the substantial fuel savings found in field tests with passenger cars (6%) can be explained by friction reduction in boundary and mixed lubricated parts of the piston assembly, assumptions were presented that would lead to fuel savings close to these 6%. Boric acid was detected on surfaces after the tests, and the tribofilm appearance depended on test parameters. The tribofilms were shown to be affected by storage time and test temperature; a finding that is vital for future studies. In the case of scuffing, mechanisms were studied and accumulation of wear debris had a significant role on scuffing initiation in the lab scale scuffing tests. Regarding the possibility to test materials scuffing resistance, there was a large scatter in the results, and thereby difficult to draw conclusions. Two new piston ring materials were identified to perform somewhat better than the currently used. In conclusion, findings that could facilitate immediate improvement of fuel efficiency of today’s combustion engine vehicles as well as findings that strengthen available hypotheses on scuffing mechanisms are presented. The latter offers improved understanding of scuffing and thereby give possibilities to counteract the higher risk associated with operation on cleaner fuel.

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Graff, Anaïs. "Solubilité et cinétique de réaction de l'oxyde de nickel dans les conditions du circuit primaire d'un réacteur à eau sous pression." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30254/document.

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L'objectif de cette thèse est l'obtention de nouvelles données expérimentales en milieu acide borique dans le cadre du développement de modèles décrivant le comportement des produits de corrosion dans le circuit primaire, et notamment sur le relâchement du nickel par des phénomènes de dissolution/précipitation. Le travail présenté dans ce mémoire s'est focalisé sur une des phases solides du nickel, l'oxyde de nickel (NiO), ainsi que sur le comportement en solution de sa forme ionique, Ni2+. La solubilité de l'oxyde de nickel a été mesurée à haute température à l'aide d'un réacteur à circulation ouverte spécialement conçu pour fonctionner à haute température et haute pression. Compte tenu des concentrations très faibles en Ni dans les conditions de nos essais (300°C, pH>7, matrice bore-lithium), une méthode d'analyse du nickel dissous à l'échelle de l'ultra-trace (ng.kg-1) en milieu bore-lithium a été développée par ICP-MS et a été validée statistiquement par la méthode du profil d'exactitude. La complexation du nickel par les (poly)borates a ensuite été étudiée. Une expérience a été conduite où les ions nickel sont progressivement formés par oxydation d'une électrode de nickel métallique dans une solution d'acide borique. Basé sur les résultats expérimentaux et sur la modélisation de la spéciation aqueuse du bore, l'évolution du pH a montré l'existence significative d'un complexe nickel-bore. Le complexe neutre NiB3O4(OH)3 a été mis en évidence pour de fortes concentrations en acide borique, lorsque les polyborates sont présents. Les constantes d'équilibres ont été calculées à 25, 50 et 70°C, ainsi que les données thermodynamiques associées. Enfin, les cinétiques de dissolution de l'oxyde de nickel ont été mesurées en milieu acide chlorhydrique et en milieu acide borique de 25 à 100°C et un pH de 6. Les résultats ont mis en évidence un effet inhibiteur de l'acide borique sur les vitesses de dissolution de NiO dont le phénomène est exacerbé par l'augmentation de la température et de la concentration en bore. La formation d'un complexe surfacique a été mise en avant pour expliquer cet effet
This work focuses on the nickel oxide phase (NiO) and the behavior in solution of its ionic form Ni2+. The solubility of nickel oxide has been determined at high temperature and pressure by the use of a flow through cell reactor specially designed to perform measurements in the conditions of the primary circuit. Because the solubility of nickel is very low at 300°C and pH>7, a new method for the determination of ultra-traces nickel concentrations in lithium/boron medium by ICP-MS coupled with a desolvator system nebulizer has been developed and validated by the statistical approach of accuracy profiles. The complexation of nickel by the (poly)borates has been also studied. Based on the experimental results and aqueous speciation modeling, the evolution of pH showed the existence of significant nickel-boron complexation. A neutral complex NiB3O4(OH)3 was postulated at high boric acid concentrations when polyborates are present, and the equilibrium constants were determined at 25, 50 and 70°C. The associated thermodynamics data have also been determined. Dissolution rates of nickel oxide have been measured in hydrochloric acid and in boric acid media up to 100°C and pH 6. Results showed that boric acid inhibits the dissolution rates of NiO and this phenomenon is enhanced by the temperature and the concentration of boron. The formation of a surface complex was postulated to explain this effect

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Henderson, Kimberly Ann. "Boric acid localization and effects on storage calcium release and the endoplasmic reticulum in prostate cancer cells." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1835448461&sid=11&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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23

Ayittey, Foster Kofi. "Energy Efficient Process, Dynamic Modelling and Control of Boric Acid Promoted Potassium Carbonate Based CO2 Capture System." Thesis, Curtin University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/79402.

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Planet earth is warming up, and anthropogenic emission of CO2 is acknowledged as a principal contributing factor. Among many sources, emissions from coal-fired power plants are the dominant emission points. As a means of tackling this problem, this thesis seeks to establish the energy-efficiency of using unpromoted and H3BO3 promoted K2CO3 as chemical absorbents for capturing CO2 in a post-combustion capture technology. The results demonstrate that this process is more energy-efficient than conventional technologies.

24

Примаченко, Сергій Володимирович, S. PRYMACHENKO, Н. Я. Круликівська, and N. KRULYKIVSKA. "Вивчення ростових процесів пшениці м'якої (Triticum aestivum L.) на композиції бор-пектинових комплексів різної концентрації." Thesis, Біотехнологія: звершення та надії: збірник тез VII Міжнародної науково-практичної конференції НУБіП України (29-30 листопада 2018 року, м. Київ). - КОПРИНТ - 199 с, 2018. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/37475.

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25

Perry, Richard. "Towards environmentally friendly electrodeposition : using citrate based electrolytes to deposit nickel and nickel-iron." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/16184.

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The production of magnetic materials is of great interest for use in the micro-fabrication industry. In particular, Permalloy (Ni80Fe20) is used in the production of micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) due to its favourable magnetic properties (high relative permeability, low coercivity and high magnetic saturation). This leads to applications in devices such as inductors, transformers and micro-actuators. The electrodeposition of NiFe is also of fundamental electrochemical interest, as there is anomalous thermodynamic behaviour, with the less noble (iron) metal depositing preferentially to the more noble (nickel) metal. To enable consistent alloy deposition nickel and nickel-iron baths are currently almost exclusively based on boric acid. Boric acid has an important role in the deposition of NiFe films but its role(s) in the electro-deposition mechanism is (are) not wholly understood. Recently (2011) boric acid has been identified as a “substance of very high concern” based on the criteria established by EU chemical regulation, REACH. In anticipation of increased regulation an alternative was sought to provide a benign alternative to boric acid in the NiFe plating bath suitable for use in micro-fabrication. Initial work was performed to benchmark the performance of existing boric acid based electro-deposition baths. Cyclic voltammetry was performed, which demonstrated the deposition of nickel and nickel-iron from boric acid baths. Coulombic efficiencies up to 93 % were measured for the deposition of nickel using the electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) on platinum electrodes. For nickel-iron deposition control of the film composition was demonstrated on copper electrodes through varying the iron (II) concentration, current density and temperature. A citrate bath for the deposition of nickel-iron was then developed and characterised. Cyclic voltammetry was performed in these citrate baths demonstrating the deposition of nickel and nickel-iron. Optimal conditions for depositing Ni80Fe20 were demonstrated to be an elevated temperature (60 °C) with a current density of 20 mA cm-2 and a pH of 3. Using the EQCM the efficiency for nickel deposition was measured to be > 80 %. The effects of sodium saccharin and sodium dodecyl sulfate as additives were investigated; these were shown to influence morphology but not the coulombic efficiency. Decreasing the pH was shown to lower the efficiency of nickel deposition from the citrate bath. Comparisons of key properties were made between NiFe films deposited from a boric acid bath and the citrate bath developed in this work. Test structures were used to compare the strain in the films; no significant difference was found. For 2.2 μm thick Ni80Fe20 films the sheet resistance was measured using Greek cross structures as 0.078 ± 0.004 Ω/square for films deposited from the boric acid bath and 0.090 ± 0.006 Ω/square from the citrate bath. The magnetic saturation, Ms, was measured as 895 ± 66 emu cm-3 for deposits from the boric acid bath and 923 ± 111 emu cm-3 from the citrate bath. These again show no significant difference in these values within experimental error. Coercivities for these films were measured to be between 20 and 120 A m-1. In combination, this work demonstrates the development and characterisation of a new citrate based electrodeposition bath for nickel and nickel-iron. Similar chemical, electrical, mechanical and magnetic properties were found from films deposited from both baths, thus demonstrating the suitability of the citrate bath for the deposition of nickel-iron films in microfabrication.

26

Levonis, Stephan Michael. "Design and Synthesis of Boronolectin Fluorescence Sensors." Thesis, Griffith University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365998.

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This thesis reports on the use of the element boron in organic chemistry. Its role in catalysis, as well as its broad utility when in the form of a boronic acid functional group is demonstrated. Boric acid and boronic acids have applications in numerous kinds of chemical reactions as catalysts. Boric acid is demonstrated in this work to catalyse the esterification of a- hydroxycarboxylic acid starting materials, including carbohydrates, typically in excellent yield. A series of reactions were conducted to demonstrate the utility and limitations of this technique. Included in this work is the synthesis of the carbohydrate, KDO. Furthermore, a series of esters were generated using salicylic acid as a starting material, one of which was subjected to x-ray crystallographic studies. Also in this thesis a novel type of boronic acid catalysed amide forming reaction is described. The reaction is shown to proceed rapidly under mild reaction conditions with little purification required to give a pure product. Structural identification of the amide products is discussed and hypothesised molecular configurations are presented. Fluorescence sensors are described as a practical application of boron – polyol interactions. Supporting theories are outlined and published work is summarised, compared and contrasted. The carbohydrates sialic acid and KDO are identified as molecular targets for boronic acid based fluorescence sensors. The benefits of multiple binding sites and optimised molecular geometry are clearly shown in the results of fluorescence assays. Sensor molecules reported in this thesis demonstrated selective binding to the carbohydrates, sialic acid and KDO.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Institute for Glycomics
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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27

Yan, Shicai. "Evaluation of Local Pathogenic Fungi, Boric Acid, and Their Potential Synergism for Control of the European Fire Ant, Myrmica Rubra (L.)." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2005. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/YanS2005.pdf.

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28

Asar, Isik. "Model Predictive Control (mpc) Performance For Controlling Reaction Systems." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605001/index.pdf.

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In this study, the performance of the Model Predictive Controller (MPC) algorithm is investigated in two different reaction systems. The first case is a saponification reaction system where ethyl acetate reacts with sodium hydroxide to produce sodium acetate and ethanol in a CSTR. In the reactor, temperature and sodium acetate concentration are controlled by manipulating the flow rates of ethyl acetate and cooling water. The model of the reactor is developed considering first principal models. The experiments are done to obtain steady state data from the reaction system and these are compared with the model outputs to find the unknown parameters of the model. Then, the developed model is used for designing SISO and MIMO-MPC considering Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) technique for coupling. The second case is the reaction system used for the production of boric acid by the reaction of colemanite and sulfuric acid in four CSTR&rsquo
s connected in series. In the reactor, the boric acid concentration in the fourth reactor is controlled by manipulating the sulfuric acid flow rate fed to the reactor. The transfer functions of the process and disturbance (colemanite flow rate) are obtained experimentally by giving step changes to the manipulated variable and to the disturbance. A model-based and constrained SISO-MPC is designed utilizing linear step response coefficients. The designed controllers are tested for performance in set point tracking, disturbance rejection and robustness issues for the two case studies. It is found that, they are satisfactory except in robustness issues for disturbance rejection in boric acid system.

29

Karakurkchi, A. V., M. V. Ved, N. D. Sakhnenko, I. Yu Yermolenko, and S. I. Zyubanova. "Electroplating and functional properties of amorphous Fe-Mo(W) and Fe-Mo-W coatings." Thesis, Институт химии растворов им. Г. А. Крестова РАН, 2015. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/22618.

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30

Mohamed, Fatheya. "Mineral analysis and proximate composition of leaves of (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) in response to boron application in pot experiments." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2793.

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Thesis (MTech (Agriculture)--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018.
Choumollier (narrow-stem kale) (Brassica oleracea, L.) has been progressively used in recent years as a supplementary forage harvest in many countries with a temperate climate. Boron (B) and calcium (Ca) are the two most important elements for supporting plant structure and function of plasma membranes. Boron nutrition is vital for obtaining high quality yields in vegetables. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the extent to which boric acid concentration can affect growth parameters (plant height, leaf numbers, chlorophyll levels, and leaf size) of Brassica olereacea var. acephala at different stages of growth and development. Treatment comprised of four concentrations of boron (0.3 mg/kg, 0.4 mg/kg, 0.5 mg/kg and 0.6 mg/kg). Yield and physiological growth responses were measured during the course of the study to ascertain effectiveness and influence of boron treatments on the test crops. Leaves of B. oleracea were harvested at weekly intervals (W1, W2, W3, W4 and W5) after each treatment regimen for approximate basic mineral analysis and composition. Soil pH did not vary much among the various orchard blocks tested, regardless of soil depth. Exchangeable cations Na+ and K+ levels did not vary significantly, but Ca2+ and Mg2+ levels fluctuated considerably among orchards analyzed. The Control Orchard exhibited a higher P content than the other orchards. Ca, Mg, Cu and B levels did not vary significantly among the orchards, but Na, Fe and Zn levels were markedly raised in the Orchard treated with 0.3 mg/kg boron) relative to the Control Orchard. Chlorophyll fluorescence was significantly dependent on the treatment dose of boron as compared to control. Chlorophyll fluorescence also increased significantly with the growth period, i.e., the duration following the initial treatment at all doses of boron. Boron at all did not significantly affect leaf count, leaf length and plant height. The work may add to the body of knowledge on the influence of boron on the physiological performance, mineral contents and proximate composition of leaves of the species. Furthermore, the findings may have important applications in achieving high quality yields in vegetable crops.

31

Gurhan, Deniz. "Zinc Borate Production In A Batch Reactor." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12606996/index.pdf.

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Zinc borate is a flame retardant additive used in polymers, wood applications and textile products. There are different types of zinc borate having different chemical composition and structure. In this study, the production of zinc borate that had the molecular formula of 2ZnO.3B2O3.3,5H2O was studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of reaction parameters on the properties of zinc borate that had been synthesized by the reaction of boric acid and zinc oxide at the existence of the seed crystals and to determine the optimum experimental conditions for zinc borate production reaction. Reaction kinetics was also investigated to find a suitable kinetics model. The effect of boric acid to zinc oxide ratio -H3BO3:ZnO ratio- (3:1, 3.5:1, 5:1 and 7:1), the particle size of zinc oxide (10µ
m and 25µ
m), stirring rate (275 rpm, 400 rpm, 800 rpm and 1600 rpm), temperature (75°
, 85°
and 95°
) and size of seed crystals (10µ
m and smaller size) on reaction rate, reaction completion time, composition and particle size distribution of zinc borate were investigated. Experiments were performed in a continuously stirring, temperature controlled batch reactor with a volume of 1.5L. During the experiments samples were taken to be analyzed in regular time intervals. The analyses of the samples gave the concentration change of zinc oxide and boron oxide in the solid as well as the conversion of zinc oxide to zinc borate with respect to time and the rate of reaction was calculated. The products were also analyzed for particle size distribution. The experimental results showed that the reaction rate increased with the increasing H3BO3:ZnO ratio, particle size of zinc oxide, stirring rate and temperature. The reaction completion time was also decreased by increasing H3BO3:ZnO ratio, stirring rate and temperature. The particle size of final product, zinc borate, decreased with increasing stirring rate and size of zinc borate used as seed and increased with increasing particle size of zinc oxide used as reactant. The average particle sizes of the final product zinc borates synthesized at the end of the experiments were ranged between 4.3 µ
m and 16.6 µ
m. The zinc borate production reaction was mainly fitted the unreacted core model for the case of diffusion through product layer controls.

32

Rinaldi, Luís Felipe. "Eficiência de uso de 15N-ureia tratada com inibidores de urease em associação com substâncias húmicas pela cultura do milho." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11140/tde-28062018-155919/.

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A ureia (UR) é atualmente o fertilizante nitrogenado mais utilizado na agricultura brasileira. No entanto, quando aplicada na superfície do solo está sujeita a perdas de nitrogênio (N) por volatilização de NH3. Uma das formas de minimizar as perdas de N-NH3 é o tratamento do fertilizante com inibidores de urease. A associação desses compostos com substâncias húmicas (SH), no tratamento da UR poderia aumentar a eficiência de uso dos nutrientes pelas plantas. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência de inibidores de urease, associados ou não com SH no revestimento da UR como fonte de N em cobertura para o milho. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação durante 62 dias em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições, no esquema fatorial completo, com UR recoberta três inibidores de urease (0,40% B + 0,15% Cu; 0,64% B; NBPT) e um tratamento adicional sem inibidor (Ausente), três doses de SH (0, 0,6, e 1,2%) e um controle. Os tratamentos com N constaram da aplicação de fonte única do nutriente [CO(15NH2)2] aplicada em faixa e em superfície na dose de 180 mg kg-1 de N no estádio fisiológico V4 das plantas de milho. As plantas foram amostradas nos estádios V8 e VT do milho, respectivamente, aos 52 e 62 dias após a semeadura, quando foram avaliados: biometria de parte aérea, área foliar, biomassa seca de raízes e da parte aérea, caracterização morfológica do sistema radicular, e a eficiência de uso do N-fertilizante (EUN) pelo método do balanço isotópico (15N). Também se quantificou as perdas de N por volatilização de NH3 por meio de coletores semi-estáticos com espuma embebida em H3PO4- para avaliação comparativa entre tratamentos. Embora a concentração mais elevada de ácido bórico na UR (0,64% B) tenha reduzido mais as perdas de NH3 por volatilização em comparação ao 0,40 % B + 0,15 % Cu, isso não resultou em maior eficiência de uso do N-fertilizante pelo milho em VT, que ocorreu somente em V8. Em ambos os estádios, o NBPT apresentou-se como melhor inibidor de urease na ausência de SH. A aplicação de SH não aumentou a EUN pelo milho em V8 ou VT quando associados com 0,40% B + 0,15% Cu, 0,64% B, ou mesmo na UR convencional. Entretanto, quando associado com o NBPT, ocorreu aumento das perdas de NH3 por volatilização e redução na EUN em VT, o que pode ter ocorrido devido ao elevado pH das SH (8,5-9) e ao seu baixo poder tampão. A aplicação da UR convencional ou revestida com inibidores de urease não aumentou a taxa de crescimento ou biomassa seca de raízes e parte aérea do milho em nenhum dos períodos avaliados quando comparado ao controle. Da mesma forma, não foram observadas diferenças expressivas entre tratamentos na caracterização morfológica do sistema radicular em V8 ou VT. A ausência de diferença entre tratamentos pode ser explicada pelo curto período de tempo entre a adubação de cobertura e as avaliações das plantas, à aplicação superficial das fontes recobertas com SH e ao método de irrigação adotado, que impediu que as SH entrassem totalmente em contato com as raízes da planta. Além disso, é possível, também, que a dose de SH empregada tenha sido muito baixa para ser efetiva.
Urea (UR) is the most widely applied nitrogen (N) fertilizer in Brazilian agriculture. However, UR is more prone to ammonia (NH3) volatilization losses than other N sources when surface-applied. One alternative to improve nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of surface-applied UR is through application of urease inhibitors as coating materials of UR. The association of these composts with humic substances (HS) as UR coating materials may also improve nutrient recovery by plants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of urease inhibitors, associated or not with HS, as coating materials of UR as new top-dress N sources for maize. A greenhouse pot trial was carried out over 62 days with maize (Zea mays L.), in a completely randomized block design, with three replicates in a full factorial design, with UR coated with three urease inhibitors (0,40% B + 0,15% Cu; 0,64% B; NBPT) and one additional treatment without inhibitor, three doses of HS (0, 0.6, and 1.2%), and one control treatment. All treatments imposed had CO(15NH2)2 as N source, application rate of 180 mg kg-1of N, and side-dressing application at the V4 maize growth stage. Maize plants were assessed at V8 and VT growth stages, at 52 and 62 days after sowing, respectively, when it was evaluated: above and below-ground plant dry matter weight; leaf area; root morphological traits (length, surface area, and volume); and fertilizer use efficiency by the 15N balance method. In addition, semi-open static collectors with foam discs previously soaked in H3PO4- were used to quantify comparatively the NH3 volatilized from all treatments. Although the addition of a higher dose of boric acid on UR (0,64% B) promoted lower ammonia losses by volatilization in comparison to 0,40 % B + 0,15 % Cu, it did not result in higher NUE by maize in VT, which occurred at V8. In both growth stages, NBPT presented the best performance as urease inhibitor in the absence of HS. The application of HS did not increase NUE by maize in V8 and VT when associated with 0,40% B + 0,15% Cu, 0,64% B or even conventional UR. However, when added in conjunction with NBPT, it increased ammonia volatilization and reduced NUE in VT which may have occurred due to the high pH of the HS (8.5-9) and low buffering capacity. Moreover, the application of conventional UR or UR treated with HS and urease inhibitors did not increase maize growth rate or shoot/root dry matter weight in comparison to the control treatment at both growth stages. Likewise, there was no major significant differences between treatments on root morphological traits (length, surface area, and volume) at both growth stages assessed. The lack of sizable outcome differences between treatments could be explained by the application of a single N dose, the short period of time between the side-dressing application and assessment of maize plants, and to the surface-application of the HS and method of irrigation which prevented HS to have full contact with maize roots. Furthermore, HS application rate may have been too low to be effective.

33

Marangoni, Fernanda Forli. "Boro e zinco no sulco de plantio na cultura da cana-de-açúcar." Universidade do Oeste Paulista, 2016. http://bdtd.unoeste.br:8080/jspui/handle/jspui/1022.

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The determination of the appropriate levels of fertilization with micronutrients is essential for the culture to express its full productive potential, since they participate in vital functions in the metabolism of plants, participating in compounds responsible for metabolic and / or phenological processes. This research aims to evaluate the response of sugarcane (Saccharum officinalis) to fertilization with micronutrients (boron and zinc) in low fertility soils, in order to establish their adequate nutritional content. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in a factorial scheme (3 x 4) considering the application of three doses of boric acid (17% B) to provide 0, 1.0 and 2.0 kg ha-1 of boron and four doses Of zinc sulfate (20% Zn) for the supply of 2.0; 4.0 and 6.0 kg.ha-1 of zinc. The experimental area consisted, therefore, of three blocks with twelve experimental units, totaling 36 plots. In order to verify the results, the nutritional status of the plant (foliar diagnosis), soil analysis, indicators of technological quality and sugarcane production were analyzed. Through the evaluation of the results of the micronutrient contents foliar and in the soil it is noticed that there was no direct relation between the leaf contents of the sugarcane culture and different treatments applied during the conduction of the experiment. The technological attributes (Fibra, Brix, Pol and ATR) were not significantly influenced by the fertilization with boron and zinc. In cane-plant the highest yields were reached by application of 2.0 kg ha-1 of zinc represented by treatment 2, and in treatment 10, with a respective increase of 6% and 10%.
A determinação dos teores adequados de adubação com micronutrientes é fundamental para que a cultura possa expressar todo seu potencial produtivo, já que participam de funções vitais no metabolismo das plantas, participando de compostos responsáveis por processos metabólicos e/ou fenológicos. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo avaliar a resposta da cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum officinalis) à adubação com micronutrientes (boro e zinco) em solos de baixa fertilidade, buscando estabelecer seus teores nutricionais adequados. O delineamento experimental foi blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial (3 x 4) considerando a aplicação de três doses de ácido bórico (17% B) visando fornecer 0, 1,0 e 2,0 kg ha-1 de boro e quatro doses de sulfato de zinco (20% Zn) para o fornecimento de 2,0; 4,0 e 6,0 kg.ha-1 de zinco. A área experimental constava, portanto, de três blocos com doze unidades experimentais, totalizando 36 parcelas. Para a verificação dos resultados foi analisado o estado nutricional da planta (diagnose foliar), a análises de solo, os indicadores de qualidade tecnológica e de produção da cana-de-açúcar. Através da avaliação dos resultados dos teores de micronutriente foliares e no solo nota-se que não houve relação direta entre os teores foliares da cultura da cana-de-açúcar e diferentes tratamentos aplicados durante a condução do experimento. Os atributos tecnológicos (Fibra, Brix, Pol e ATR) não foram influenciados significativamente pela adubação com boro e zinco. Em cana-planta as maiores produtividades foram atingidas pela aplicação de 2,0 kg ha-1 de zinco representado pelo tratamento 2, e no tratamento 10, com aumento respectivo de 6% e 10%.

34

Pieck, Dario. "Optilmisation de l'utilisation du gadolinium comme poison consommable dans le combustible nucléaire : Vers une REP sans bore." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4064.

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L’excès de réactivité neutronique dans les centrales nucléaires est compensé par des sys-tèmes actifs de contrôle du réacteur : acide borique et barres de contrôle. L’apport d’antiréactivité peut se faire passivement avec des poisons consommables, c'est-à-dire des absorbants de neutrons, en particulier du gadolinium (Gd).Dans le cadre d’une augmentation de l’enrichissement en U²³⁵ et de réduction de l’utilisation d’acide borique, cette thèse a pour objectif d’optimiser la distribution du ga-dolinium dans des céramiques d’UO₂ afin d’obtenir un apport optimisé d’antiréactivité dans un Réacteur à Eau sous Pression.Dans ce sens, le travail est orienté à trouver des nouveaux matériaux riches en gadolinium. Le diagramme de phase U-O-Gd a donc été exploré dans le domaine des fortes teneurs en Gd. Deux phases cubiques ont été trouvées et caractérisées : les phases C1 et C2. En vue d’une application industrielle, la phase C1 a été retenue comme candidate pour l’ajout du Gd dans les pastilles d’UO₂.La distribution optimale de cette phase C1 dans les assemblages de combustible nucléaire a été étudiée avec le code de calcul neutronique APOLLO2.8. Des études paramétriques ont été réalisées. Ces études neutroniques ont aboutit à un concept performant de pastille empoisonnée. Finalement, des pastilles prototype ont été fabriquées en laboratoire suivant ce concept. L’ensemble des résultats obtenus montre qu’un concept de pastille avec un dépôt superficiel neutrophage de phase C1 est une manière d’apporter de l’antiréactivité de manière optimisée dans le cadre de cycles longs. Ceci pourrait potentiellement être appliquée à l‘échelle industrielle. Un brevet a été déposé en ce sens
Reactivity excess in Nuclear Power Plants is controlled by reactor’s active systems: boric acid dilution and control rods. Alternatively, negative reactivity insertion can be made in a passive way using burnable poisons, i.e. neutron absorbers, this is the case of gadolinium (Gd).In the industrial framework of U²³⁵ enrichment increase and boric acid restraint, the goal of this thesis is to optimize the distribution of gadolinium in UO₂ ceramics to obtain a high-performance provision of negative reactivity in Pressurized Water Reactors.In this sense, the work is focus on new gadolinium-rich materials. Thus, U-Gd-O phase diagram was explored in the field of high Gd contents. Two cubic phases were found and characterized: the C1 and C2 phases. With the aim of an industrial application, C1 phase was selected as candidate for Gd addition into UO₂ pellets.The optimal distribution of C1 phase within a nuclear fuel assembly was studied using APOLLO 2.8 neutron transport code. Parametrical calculations were performed. These neutronic studies have ends in a successful “concept of poisoned pellet”.Finally, some prototype pellets following this concept were made in laboratory to proof it feasibility.All the obtained results shows that the proposed concept of a neutrophage C1-phase coating on UO₂ pellets is a convenient way to reduce reactivity excess within the framework of long irradiation cycles. This concept could be potentially applied in industrial scale. Consequently a patent application process was initiated

35

Granja, Ana Carolina Ribeiro. "Separação dos isótopos estáveis de boro, por troca iônica em sistema cascata, e obtenção de H310BO3 enriquecido em 10B." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64135/tde-17012014-113125/.

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O método cromatográfico de troca iônica, em colunas de resina foi empregado no estudo do enriquecimento isotópico de 10B e H3 10BO3. Em dois sistemas cromatográficos de colunas (S1: seis colunas de acrílico de 1800 mm de comprimento e 70 mm de diâmetro interno; S2: seis colunas de acrílico de 1800 mm de comprimento e 30 mm de diâmetro interno) foi estudado a separação do isótopo 10B, no equilíbrio envolvendo ácido bórico em solução aquosa e íons borato adsorvidos em resina aniônica do tipo amônio quaternário (Dowex 1X8), 100 - 200 \"mesh\". Os sistemas de produção de H3 10BO3 foram avaliados individualmente e em processo cascata, com transferência de 10B entre os dois sistemas. As determinações de B no presente trabalho foram avaliadas por espectrometria de massas com plasma e espetrometria de massas por termoionização. No sistema S1 de colunas após 243 m (135 DBC) de deslocamento foi possível obter um enriquecimento médio, nos últimos 20 cm, de 40 % em átomos de 10B, correspondendo a 2830 mg de H3 10BO3. Essa massa foi transferida (interação) para o sistema S2 de colunas que apresentava, nos últimos 20 cm da banda, enriquecimento médio de 47,8 % em átomos de 10B e essa nova banda cromatográfica foi deslocada por 21,6 m, obtendo-se no último centímetro da banda (1 - 0 cm) da fração enriquecida 82 % em átomos de 10B. O fator de fracionamento (\'alfa\') e a altura equivalente de uma placa teórica dos isótopos estáveis de B (10B e 11B) foi determinado como sendo 1,0245 e 0,30 cm, respectivamente
The chromatographic method of ion exchange resin in columns was used to study the isotopic enrichment of 10B and H3 10BO3. In two column chromatographic systems (S1: six acrylic columns 1800 mm length and 70 mm diameter; S2: six acrylic columns 1800 mm length and 30 mm diameter) was studied 10B isotope separation in equilibrium involving aqueous boric acid and borate ions adsorbed on anionic resin of the quaternary ammonium type (Dowex 1X8) 100-200 \"mesh\". The production systems H3 10BO3 were evaluated individually and in cascade process with 10B transfer between both systems. The measurements of B in this study were evaluated by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry and Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry. In the S1 columns system displacement after 243 m (135 DBC) was possible obtain an medium enrichment in the last 20 cm, of 40 % atoms 10B, corresponding to 2830 mg of H310BO3. This mass was transferred to the S2 column system which have introduced in the last 20 cm of the band medium enrichment of 47,8 atom% 10B and this new band chromatography was displaced 21,6 m, thus obtaining the last centimeter band (1-0 cm) from enriched fraction 82 % atoms 10B. The fractionation factor (\'alfa\') and the Height Equivalent of Theoretical Plate (HETP) of stable isotopes of B (10B and 11B) was determined like being 1,0245 and 0,30 cm, respectively

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Folco, Jardel Castro. "Análise de corrosão por espectroscopia de impedância em bronzinas de motores a combustão flexíveis." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFABC, 2014.

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Orientador: Prof. Dr. Daniel Zanetti de Florio
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nanociências e Materiais Avançados, 2014.
Motores a combustão flexíveis foram desenvolvidos para diversificar a utilização de combustíveis para a indústria da mobilidade, com o intuito de trazer benefícios econômicos, ganho em sustentabilidade e redução do impacto ambiental. Tal diversificação tem proporcionado o desenvolvimento de linhas de pesquisa que aperfeiçoem essa utilização, através de incentivo fiscal do governo, bem como injeção de recursos da indústria nas universidades como, por exemplo, o programa Inovar Auto. Dentre os novos combustíveis está o etanol que devido às suas características físico-químicas, como a sua pressão de vapor traz vantagens como ganho de torque e potência e desvantagens como aumento de desgaste e corrosão dos componentes metálicos a ele expostos. As bronzinas são partes de base metálica que promovem a redução do contato metal-metal entre as principais peças de um motor como bloco, virabrequim e biela, além de permitirem uma melhor hidrodinâmica do óleo lubrificante, aumentando a vida útil do motor. Significativamente expostas ao ambiente etanol, óleo, gases e água, as mesmas são suscetíveis ao fenômeno de corrosão. Análise de corrosão por espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica é um método conhecido na literatura e motivou a caracterização eletroquímica de componentes cíclicos metálicos de motores, através da obtenção de espectros de impedância para três diferentes recobrimentos em bronzinas, expostos sistematicamente a condicionamentos e envelhecimentos, variando-se temperatura, tempo de exposição em mistura óleo e etanol comuns. Dentre os três recobrimentos está uma proposta cerâmica a partir de óxido de boro depositado por uma técnica comum denominada slurry, apresentada na literatura aeroespacial com vantagens tribológicas. As medições foram feitas em solução aquosa de cloreto de sódio a 0,1 M, utlizando-se um eletrodo de referência de prata e cloreto de prata, um eletrodo de medição de platina como contra eletrodo e um eletrodo de trabalho com amostras de aço embutidas e recobertas com três diferentes superfícies; metálica (VW1), polimérica (P1) e cerâmica (C1), dispostos em uma célula ligada a um impedancímetro e a um potenciostato de marca Solartron. A intersecção do semicírculo do espectro com o eixo das abcissas ou parte real da impedância, Z¿ é conhecida como resistência de polarização Rp. Da literatura sabe-se que esta grandeza é proporcional ao inverso da corrente e taxa de corrosão da superfície do eletrodo de trabalho. A obtenção desta variável pode ser feita através de aproximações, com modelos de circuitos equivalentes RC, que calculam as resistências e capacitâncias destes circuitos. A partir do tratamento dos dados acima descritos, foi possível estabelecer três diferentes tendências de comportamento da taxa de corrosão ao longo do tempo de exposição ao meio etanol mais óleo, a saber: amostra de superfície metálica tipo VW1 apresentou corrosão dinâmica e controlada com taxa de corrosão decrescente ao longo do tempo; amostra polimérica tipo P1 apresentou também redução da taxa de corrosão por passivação ao longo do tempo após penetração da camada polimérica e; amostra cerâmica de óxido de boro tipo C1 apresentou maior redução da taxa de corrosão ao longo do envelhecimento em óleo e etanol.
Flex fuel combustion engines were developed to diversify the use of fuels for the mobility industry, in order to bring economic benefits gain in sustainability and environment impact reduction. Such diversification has permitted the research line development which optimizes this use through government incentive as well as fund injection in universities such as Inovar Auto program. Ethanol is among the new fuels, which due to its physical-chemical characteristics (vapor pressure) presents advantages as power and torque and disadvantages, as waste increase and corrosion of the exposed metal components. The bearings are parts made of metal that promote the metal-metal contact reduction among the main engine parts like cylinder block, cranckshaft and connecting rods. Besides, they allow better hydrodynamics of the lubrication oil increasing the duration of a flex combustion engine. Exposed to the ethanol, oil, gases and water environment these bearings are prone to corrosion phenomenon. The corrosion analysis by impedance spectroscopy corrosion is a method known in the literature and has motivated the electrochemical characterization of metal cyclic components by obtaining impedance spectra for three different recovering in bearings. The third type of recovering was developed through bore oxide produced by slurry coating techniques, which was presented on a aerospacial research publication with tribologic gain. These are systematically exposed to conditionings and aging while varying temperature, exposure time and rotation of oil and ethanol common mixtures. The measurements were made on aquous solution of NaCl 0,1 M through a reference silver and silver cloride eletrode, a platine counter eletrode and the work eletrode with samples of the three different bearings surface, metallic (VW1), polymeric (P1) and ceramic (C1) all assembled in a eletrochemistry cell, switched to a potenciostat and an impedancimeter, both by Solartron. The intersection of the semicircle spectra with "X" axle or real part of the impedance Z¿ is known as polarization resistance Rp. From the bibliography review it is known that this resistance is proportional to the inverse of corrosion rate on the surface of the working electrodes. The obtention of this variable could be done through approximation of RC circuit models, which calculate the resistances and the capacitances. Through data treatment it was possible to establish three different tendencies of corrosion rate behavior during ethanol and oil exposure time: Metallic surface sample type VW1 presented dynamic controlled with descending corrosion rate during the aging processes. Polymeric recovery sample type P1 also presented reduction of corrosion rate after penetration of the polymeric recovering e less during the aging processes. Ceramic recovery sample type C1 presented major reduction of corrosion during the aging on oil plus ethanol.

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Saleem, Saima. "A method of chemical aftertreatment for the reduction of free formaldehyde release of a durable flame retardant finished cotton fabric." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-360.

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This thesis aims at developing a method of chemical aftertreatment for reduction of free formaldehyde release of a tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium chloride (THPC) urea precondensate, ammonia cured durable flame retardant finished cotton fabric, by preventing the formation of free formaldehyde. Formaldehyde is toxic and carcinogenic. According to the worldwide standards, acceptable limit of free formaldehyde release, for the fabrics that have skin contact, is only 75 ppm (measured by water extraction method). In this research, a cotton fabric flame retardant finished in an industrial plant in Pakistan is used. Fabric is finished by the application of THPC urea precondensate and ammonia cured, oxidized and washed. After finishing, it is not aftertreated with sodium metabisulfite that is a commonly used aftertreatment method for the reduction of free formaldehyde release. Aftertreatment with sodium metabisulfite has various problems that include large number of hot washings and there is an increase in the formaldehyde release during fabric storage. If the fabric has 75 ppm of free formaldehyde, there is often an increase in free formaldehyde release during fabric storage. There is a very limited research on the aftertreatment methods and few reports of application of these aftertreatments on flame retardant fabrics have been published. In this research, two methods of aftertreatments are developed to reduce the free formaldehyde contents to 75 ppm or less. One is the aftertreatment with a combination of resorcinol 1% and diethylene glycol 4%. The other is the combination of resorcinol 1% and boric acid 6%. For both these aftertreatments, ammonium acetate 0.5% is used as a catalyst. Fabric is padded with the solution and then dried at 130̊ C for 8 minutes. After drying, fabric is rinsed with water at 40̊ C. The aftertreatment methods developed in this research have shown a long term effect in keeping the formaldehyde release below 75 ppm during fabric storage that is not available with other conventional aftertreatment methods. These aftertreatment methods have no adverse effect on the flame retardancy of the THPC ammonia cured finished fabric and the fabric is soft as compared to the original flame retardant finished fabric and to the fabric after treated with existing methods. These new developed methods have industrial application because there is no use of any solvent and there is no use of any special equipment for the aftertreatment.

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Hýža, Bohumil. "Možnost zpracování glycerolové fáze z výroby bionafty." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217043.

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The aim of this thesis was to introduce and apply the possibilities of using waste glycerol from biodiesel production and partly waste low-stiffen coolant from cars that could be applied in industry. At the beginning of the thesis is summarized biodiesel production and its world production. There is more developed biodiesel production in the Czech Republic and in the European Union and some European legal regulations and standards for biodiesel. Also described herein is a composition of biodiesel and the description of the technology of its production. In the theoretical section summarizes the physical and chemical properties of glycerol and there is also summarized the traditional use of glycerol as food, explosives, etc. There are also new procedures that were performed in the experimental part of the thesis. There are described the ion exchange mechanism, ion exchange resin properties and the properties of the acids and salts generated by neutralization with NaOH contained in the waste glycerol. Also is described herein the wood protection and properties of ethylene glycol coolants and properties of boroglycerol and boroglycol as protection for wood and mechanism of their preparation. Next is described the mechanism of dehydration of glycerol to acrolein and options which can perform the synthesis. In the experimental part, the pH of waste glycerol was measured, then was measured the exact amount of NaOH in the glycerol. There is also desribed cleaning of waste glycerol from NaOH using acidic cation exchange resins on columns, or by neutralization with oleic acid, lactic acid and CO2. Further syntheses were performed glycerol borate and ethylene glycol borate. Water amount in ethylene glycol and methanol with water amount in glycerol were found by distillation. Then were prepared boroglycol and boroglycerol. By the amount resulting from the amount of reaction water were observed reaction conditions H3BO3, Na2B4O7•10 H2O and glycerol. At the end was carried out experimental dilution resulting boroglycerol and boroglycol by ethanol, methanol, TMB. Finally, the diluted boroglycerol was deposited on wood. Dehydration of glycerol to acrolein under the catalytic action of KHSO4 was performed. The results are given all the results and discussed the possibility of using the knowledge gained in this work in the industry. In conclusion, there are listed the economic comparison using waste glycerol and crude oil as a raw material and also charts the development of oil prices in 40 years since 1970, and graph of the price of waste glycerol.

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Hýža, Bohumil. "Možnosti zpracování odpadů glykolu a glycerolu na účelové látky." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217075.

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At the beginning of the thesis is summarized biodiesel production and its world production. There is more developed biodiesel production in the Czech Republic and in the European Union and some European legal regulations and standards for biodiesel. Also described herein is a composition of biodiesel and the description of the technology of its production. In the theoretical section summarizes the physical and chemical properties of glycerol and there is also summarized the traditional use of glycerol as food, explosives, etc. There are also new procedures that were performed in the experimental part of the thesis. Then, here are the proposed new procedures for processing waste glycerol and glycol, which were conducted in the experimental part of the thesis. There are described the ion exchange properties of the cation exchangers and also properties of salts generated by neutralization of NaOH in the waste glycerol with organic acids and CO2. There is also described wood protection, properties of ethylene glycol as coolant and properties of boroglycerols and boroglycols as protection for wood and mechanism of their preparation. Then there is described a mechanism of dehydration of glycerol to acrolein and options which can perform the synthesis. In the experimental part, the pH of waste glycerol was measured and then was measured the amount of NaOH in the waste glycerol. There is also desribed cleaning of waste glycerol from NaOH using acidic cation exchange resins on columns, or by neutralization with oleic acid, lactic acid and CO2. Further syntheses were performed glycerol borate and ethylene glycol borate. Water amount in ethylene glycol and methanol with water amount in glycerol were found by distillation. Then were prepared boroglycol and boroglycerol. By the amount resulting from the amount of reaction water were observed reaction conditions H3BO3, Na2B4O7•10 H2O and glycerol. At the end was carried out experimental dilution resulting boroglycerol and boroglycol by ethanol, methanol, TMB. Finally, the diluted boroglycerol was deposited on wood. Dehydration of glycerol to acrolein under the catalytic action of KHSO4 was performed. The results are given all the results and discussed the possibility of using the knowledge gained in this work in the industry. In conclusion, there are listed the economic comparison using waste glycerol and crude oil as a raw material and also charts the development of oil prices in 40 years since 1970, and graph of the price of waste glycerol. There is also discussed technological applicability of the methods used in practice.

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Nakath, Richard. "Sieden in Anwesenheit von Borverbindungen in Leichtwasserreaktoren." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-154457.

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Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, die Auswirkungen der im Kühlmittel von Leichtwasserreaktoren zur Reaktivitätssteuerung eingesetzten Borverbindungen auf Siedeprozesse – und damit indirekt auf die Wärmeabfuhr der Brennelemente – zu untersuchen. Bei den Siedeversuchen, die Gegenstand der vorliegenden Arbeit sind, wurde besonders auf eine realitätsnahe Annäherung an die Reaktorparameter Wert gelegt. Als Unterstützung zur Interpretation der Ergebnisse dienten eigene Messungen von signifikanten physikalischen Stoffdaten an wässrigen Borsäure- und Pentaboratlösungen. Die Siedeprozesse wurden in einer eigens für diese Analysen konzipierten und errichteten Versuchsanlage SECA unter Verwendung eines Leitfähigkeitsgittersensors sowie einer Hochgeschwindigkeitskamera bei Drücken von maximal 40 bar und Temperaturen bis zu 250 °C untersucht. Entsprechend der in den Untersuchungen gewonnenen Erkenntnis wird für reale Reaktoren fol-gendes angenommen: Die Anwesenheit von Borsäure hat keinen Einfluss auf großvolumige Sie-devorgänge im betrachteten Störfallszenario eines Druckwasserreaktors, und die Auswirkungen auf das unterkühlte Sieden sind vernachlässigbar gering. Es ist nicht zu erwarten, dass der Wärmeübergang von den Brennelementen an das Kühlmittel beeinflusst wird. Bei einer Einspeisung von Pentaborat in Siedewasserreaktoren kann jedoch davon ausgegangen werden, dass der Wärmeübergang durch eine Verkleinerung der Blasen verbessert wird. Weitere Untersuchungen bezüglich des Austrages von Pentaborat an der Phasengrenze sowie der Bildung von Schäumen sind jedoch notwendig, und es ist den Fragen nachzugehen, ob sich diese Schäume auch bei der Einspeisung von Pentaborat in einen Siedewasserreaktor bilden können und welche Auswirkungen diese auf die oberhalb des Kerns befindlichen Dampfabscheiderzyklone und Dampftrockner haben.

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Rocha, Gilson Silvério da. "Modelos lineares mistos para dados longitudinais em ensaio fatorial com tratamento adicional." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11134/tde-14122015-174119/.

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Em experimentos agronômicos são comuns ensaios planejados para estudar determinadas culturas por meio de múltiplas mensurações realizadas na mesma unidade amostral ao longo do tempo, espaço, profundidade entre outros. Essa forma com que as mensurações são coletadas geram conjuntos de dados que são chamados de dados longitudinais. Nesse contexto, é de extrema importância a utilização de metodologias estatísticas que sejam capazes de identificar possíveis padrões de variação e correlação entre as mensurações. A possibilidade de inclusão de efeitos aleatórios e de modelagem das estruturas de covariâncias tornou a metodologia de modelos lineares mistos uma das ferramentas mais apropriadas para a realização desse tipo de análise. Entretanto, apesar de todo o desenvolvimento teórico e computacional, a utilização dessa metodologia em delineamentos mais complexos envolvendo dados longitudinais e tratamentos adicionais, como os utilizados na área de forragicultura, ainda é passível de estudos. Este trabalho envolveu o uso do diagrama de Hasse e da estratégia top-down na construção de modelos lineares mistos no estudo de cortes sucessivos de forragem provenientes de um experimento de adubação com boro em alfafa (Medicago sativa L.) realizado no campo experimental da Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste. Primeiramente, considerou-se uma abordagem qualitativa para todos os fatores de estudo e devido à complexidade do delineamento experimental optou-se pela construção do diagrama de Hasse. A incorporação de efeitos aleatórios e seleção de estruturas de covariâncias para os resíduos foram realizadas com base no teste da razão de verossimilhanças calculado a partir de parâmetros estimados pelo método da máxima verossimilhança restrita e nos critérios de informação de Akaike (AIC), Akaike corrigido (AICc) e bayesiano (BIC). Os efeitos fixos foram testados por meio do teste Wald-F e, devido aos efeitos significativos das fontes de variação associadas ao fator longitudinal, desenvolveu-se um estudo de regressão. A construção do diagrama de Hasse foi fundamental para a compreensão e visualização simbólica do relacionamento de todos os fatores presentes no estudo, permitindo a decomposição das fontes de variação e de seus graus de liberdade, garantindo que todos os testes fossem realizados corretamente. A inclusão de efeito aleatório associado à unidade experimental foi essencial para a modelagem do comportamento de cada unidade e a estrutura de componentes de variância com heterogeneidade, incorporada aos resíduos, foi capaz de modelar eficientemente a heterogeneidade de variâncias presente nos diferentes cortes da cultura da alfafa. A verificação do ajuste foi realizada por meio de gráficos de diagnósticos de resíduos. O estudo de regressão permitiu avaliar a produtividade de matéria seca da parte aérea da planta (kg ha-1) de cortes consecutivos da cultura da alfafa, envolvendo a comparação de adubações com diferentes fontes e doses de boro. Os melhores resultados de produtividade foram observados para a combinação da fonte ulexita com as doses 3, 6 e 9 kg ha-1 de boro.
Assays aimed at studying some crops through multiple measurements performed in the same sample unit along time, space, depth etc. have been frequently adopted in agronomical experiments. This type of measurement originates a dataset named longitudinal data, in which the use of statistical procedures capable of identifying possible standards of variation and correlation among measurements has great importance. The possibility of including random effects and modeling of covariance structures makes the methodology of mixed linear models one of the most appropriate tools to perform this type of analysis. However, despite of all theoretical and computational development, the use of such methodology in more complex designs involving longitudinal data and additional treatments, such as those used in forage crops, still needs to be studied. The present work covered the use of the Hasse diagram and the top-down strategy in the building of mixed linear models for the study of successive cuts from an experiment involving boron fertilization in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) carried out in the field area of Embrapa Southeast Livestock. First, we considered a qualitative approach for all study factors and we chose the Hasse diagram building due to the model complexity. The inclusion of random effects and selection of covariance structures for residues were performed based on the likelihood ratio test, calculated based on parameters estimated through the restricted maximum likelihood method, the Akaike\'s Information Criterion (AIC), the Akaike\'s information criterion corrected (AICc) and the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC). The fixed effects were analyzed through the Wald-F test and we performed a regression study due to the significant effects of the variation sources associated with the longitudinal factor. The Hasse diagram building was essential for understanding and symbolic displaying regarding the relation among all factors present in the study, thus allowing variation sources and their degrees of freedom to be decomposed, assuring that all tests were correctly performed. The inclusion of random effect associated with the sample unit was essential for modeling the behavior of each unity. Furthermore, the structure of variance components with heterogeneity, added to the residues, was capable of modeling efficiently the heterogeneity of variances present in the different cuts of alfalfa plants. The fit was checked by residual diagnostic plots. The regression study allowed us to evaluate the productivity of shoot dry matter (kg ha-1) related to successive cuts of alfalfa plants, involving the comparison of fertilization with different boron sources and doses. We observed the best productivity in the combination of the source ulexite with the doses 3, 6 and 9 kg ha-1 boron.

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Zouzou, Michel. "Contribution à l'étude de quelques effets de l'acide borique in situ (Coleoptile de blé, hypocotyle de tournesol; Comparaison avec les acides phenylacétique et indolyl-3 acétique) et in vivo (développement de la plantule de tournesol; Croissance." Besançon, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BESA2035.

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L'effet de l'acide borique sur la croissance cellulaire, dans l'obscurite ou en lumiere blanche, est precise par l'emploi des tests fragment de coleoptile de ble et d'hypocotyle de tournesol. Les resultats sont compares avec l'activite de deux de ses derives (les acides phenylboronique et diphenylborinique) et celle de deux auxines naturelles (les acides indolyl-3 acetique et phenylacetique). L'acide borique stimule l'auxesis a condition que ses trois groupements hydroxyles soient libres lors de son administration. Il agit aussi a des concentrations ou les auxines sont inactives. Par ailleurs, ce compose est capable d'accroitre la valeur du taux de germination des akenes de tournesol, de favoriser l'enracinement de la plantule issue de ses akenes et de stimuler l'allongement de l'hypocotyle. La stimulation est associee a une reduction du catabolisme auxinique au sein de l'organe eprouve. Des essais in vitro suggerent que cette reduction pourrait etre liee a la formation d'un complexe bore-enzyme inoperant

43

Ošťádal, Michal. "Návrh čerpadla a potrubní trasy pro zajištění vyšší bezpečnosti jaderné elektrárny." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-443200.

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The main goal of the diploma thesis is to design the hydraulic part of the new piping system, which is added to the existing project of the Dukovany Nuclear Power Plant. At the beginning of the work is theoretical basis for the design of the hydraulic part. The next part is the selection of piping material for aggressive refrigerant with subsequent verification of the pipe wall thickness. The piping system is designed with specific components from the companies SIGMA GROUP a.s., ARAKO spol. s.r.o. and ARMATURY Group a.s. In the last part, hydraulic solution is developed and commented using the excel program. The piping system is processed into the drawing documentation including bill of materials.

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El, Yamani Mohamed Saad Eddine. "Corrosion sous contrainte des aciers inoxydables austenitiques dans les milieux boriques chlorures : etude electrochimique et analytique des films passifs." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066226.

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Mise en evidence par des methodes analytiques et electrochimiques du fait que la deformation des materiaux, dont l'action de la contrainte, a non seulement des consequences sur la passivite des films, mais egalement sur le type de structure electronique de ceux-ci

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Williamson, Caitlin. "Borinic Acid-catalyzed Regioselective Functionalization of Polyols." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/31637.

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The selective manipulation of hydroxyl groups in di- and polyols is a frequently encountered problem in organic synthesis. Such processes are often tedious and/or moderate yielding, and often necessitate multistep protection / deprotection sequences. Applying boron–diol interactions previously exploited in molecular recognition and based on methods previously developed in our research group, we have developed two classes of chemical transformations: 1. Regioselective sulfonylations of carbohydrate derivatives catalyzed by a borinic ester, providing access to the corresponding mono-tosylates in high yields; 2. Selective monoalkylations and monosulfonylations of structurally diverse 1,2- and 1,3-diol substrates.

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Zhuang, Cheng-Ming, and 莊承銘. "Spectroscopic and theoretical investigations of complexes of aluminum ion and boric acid with aromatic organic acids." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48308137221632110636.

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碩士
國立中興大學
土壤環境科學系所
99
Natural organic matters (NOM) are the common materials found in environment, where they play an important role in many reactions due to the containing of functional groups like carboxylic and catechol groups. The chelated interactions of metals with NOM in the environment are critically dependent upon both the ligand properties of the NOM and the character of the metals. It is important to predict and investigate the mechanism of aluminum and boric acid complexes with some well-known ligands. The aim of the present work was to investigate the ligands reactivity and confirm the chelated sites at the aromatic organic acids to Al3+ and B(OH)3. We studied the electronic spectrums of organic complexes with Al3+ and boric acid in methanol solution, and we recorded the results of the intensity of band shift increases gradually. To obtain the chelated mechanism and explain the reaction pathways, we calculated the possible complexes involving the carboxylic and catechol groups by Gaussian03 at the B3LYP/6-31G method in IEFPCM/Methanol model. We can observe the changes of the structures, charges, energies, and molecular orbitals from the theoretical calculation of complexes with different ligands at aromatic organic acids. Compared with both the results from theoretical calculations and experiments, the reaction pathway is indicated that the Al3+ for catechol group and B(OH)3 for carboxylic group are favored. It`s also correspond to the results from time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) with experiments for Al3+ and boric acid. Theoretical calculation can observe the influence of different ligands to structure from aromatic organic acids, and it also proved the chelated pathways and mechanism of Al3+ and B(OH)3 with the aromatic organic acids.

47

陳明煌. "The study of developer without boric acid for bump application." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/wkyj5y.

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Abstract:

碩士
國立高雄大學
化學工程及材料工程學系碩士班
104
In this research, a novel type of non-boron developer was developed for improving the properties of the conventional boron developer applied in bumping process. First, the properties of three kinds of the conventional developers applied in bumping process were compared. Then, the amount of inorganic salt, i.e., alkali-salt and buffer, of MIB developers could be identified using the value R of titration curve. Development rate of the developer increases as the inorganic alkali-salt increases; the function of buffer could be reduces the pH value rapid decline in the development process. Breaking time and end point of the developer including various buffers were also studied. Finally, non-boron developer was compared with the conventional developer. It can be seen that the developed photoresist profile either optical microscope or the cross section of SEM image were almost the same. Micro-etching of non-boron developer for various metals, e.g., copper and titanium-tungsten alloy, were not that obviously. For the aluminum, the micro-etching decreased progressively with increasing buffer content. Non-boron developer via the modified buffer salt could replace the conventional boron developer, and further improvement of the environment.

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Wang, Wei-chung, and 王維中. "Preparation Trimethyl Borate via Esterification Reaction of Boric Acid with Methanol." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46316690087843072758.

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Abstract:

碩士
國立成功大學
化學工程學系碩博士班
97
In this work, regeneration of sodium metaborate, one of the main products from hydrolysis of sodium borohydride for generation of ultrapure hydrogen, back to trimethyl borate (TMB), a precursor to sodium borohydride, was studied. The regeneration strategy mainly composed of two stages: one from sodium metaborate to boric acid, and the other from borica cid to trimethyl borate via esterification. X-ray diffractometer (XRD) revealed successful conversion from sodium metaborate, reaction with sulfuric acid, to boric acid. The average conversion rate is about 55%, based on sodium metaborate used. Gas chromatographers (GC) equipped either with flame ionization detector (FID) or Mass Spectrophotometer (MS) were used to determine quantitatively and qualitatively the esterification of boric acid and methanol to yield trimethyl borate. Interestingly, not TMB but also other borane chemicals appeared in the products of the esterification, as revealed by GC-MS. In order to purify the TMB, three-stage distillation was employed. As a result, the yield in average from boric acid to trimethy borate is circa 90%. That is, the total conversion efficiency from sodium metaborate to trimethyl borate near 50%. could be achieved.

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Huang, Kuan-Chieh, and 黃冠傑. "A Study on Trivalent Chromium Sealing Procedure in Boric Acid - Sulfuric Acid Anodizing Process for Aluminum Alloys." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/cgi-bin/gs32/gsweb.cgi/login?o=dnclcdr&s=id=%22107NCHU5159032%22.&searchmode=basic.

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Abstract:

碩士
國立中興大學
材料科學與工程學系所
107
Due to its low density, high strength and workability, aluminum alloys are widely used in the aeronautic industry and served as the main composition of aircrafts which usage can reach more than 60% generally. However, there are still some negative shortages for aluminum alloys which existed the risk for using, such as the low hardness, poor wear resistance, and can generate to dissimilar metal corrosion while it contacts with different alloys. In order to solve the problems, particular surface treatments shall be done to improve the mechanical properties, and anodizing is the most common process. In general, aluminum alloy can form oxide layers itself under the normal environment. However, the thickness of oxide layer is too thin and there are no practical benefits. The porous nanostructure formed by the anodizing treatment can increase the adhesion of the subsequent organic coating and corrosion resistance. Chromic acid anodizing and sulfuric acid anodizing are the most common anodizing treatments. The oxide layer produced by chromic acid anodizing is dense and thin, the corrosion resistance is also excellent due to the self-healing of hexavalent chromium, However, with the trend of environment friendly, chromium is prohibited since its high carcinogenic and toxic. Though sulfuric acid anodizing will not lead to the pollution, it will degrease alloys fatigue properties since its hardness of oxide layer. To solve these negative properties, boric acid sulfuric acid anodizing is developed in recent years as the alternatives. To increase the corrosion resistance of anodizing layer, sealing process is applied to seal the porous layer of anodizing to the non-absorptive surface, it''s also make anodizing surface be able to pass the high corrosion requirements of aerospace industry. Currently, dilute chromium sealing and sodium dichromate sealing are both applied on boric acid sulfuric acid anodizing. However, both processes exist the risk for prohibition since the usage of hexavalent chromium. On the other hand, there are also some environment friendly sealing processes like hot water sealing or vapor sealing. But these processes need to be treated at high temperature, it''s not common used due to it high energy consumption and high waste. In order to solve the high energy consumption caused from water sealing and toxic materials disposition caused from hexavalent chromium, trivalent chromium sealing is then developed actively. In this paper, trivalent chromium sealing process with boric acid sulfuric acid anodizing is discussed to verify if it can satisfy the requirements of corrosion resistance and paint adhesion of aerospace industry. Microstructural differences between hexavalent chromium sealing and trivalent chromium sealing are also compared through SEM and EDX. Trivalent chromium sealing is then evaluated as the replacement of hexavalent chromium sealing.

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Chia-HsunLiu and 劉佳勳. "Boron Recovery from Boric Acid Wastewater by Chemical Oxo-Precipitation (COP) Technology." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32316200508327184248.

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Abstract:

碩士
國立成功大學
化學工程學系碩博士班
101
This study investigated a chemical oxo-preceipitation (COP) process for the treatment of the synthetic boric acid wastewater. COP combined the oxidant treatment and chemical precipitation using different metal salts (CaCl2 and BaCl2) for boron removal. Metal borate which was of high purity and single compound could be recovered by fluidized-bed homogeneuous Granulation (FBHG) process without adding seed materials. In COP stage, the molar ratio of metal to boron (Me/B), H2O2 to boron (H2O2/B) and pH were the primary variables for optimizing the treatment of 1000 mg-B/L synthetic boric acid solution. At pH around 10-11, the boric acid concentration could be substantially redued to 129 and 38 mg-B/L using CaCl2 and BaCl2 as precipitants, respectively, through the COP conditions of H2O2/B=1 and Me/B=1. Besides, H2O2 dosage affected the COP efficiency on boron removal more than precipitant did. In FBHG stage, the optimal parameters (U=20 m/hr、H2O2/B=1.5、Ba/B=2、pHe=9) could successfully recover the spherical particles of barium peroxoborate. For a feed level of 300 mg-B/L, 60% of crystallization ratio and 85% of removal efficiency were obtained at pH 10.75. The particles from FBHG were characterized by SEM, XRD, Raman, and thermal analysis (TGA and DSC). The peroxide (O-O) functional group in particles could be monitored by Raman spectroscopy. The XRD patterns indicate that the FBHG products had a poor crystallinity; however, these borate compounds showed clear characteristic peaks that were well fitted with calcium metaborate (CaB2O4) and barium metaorate (BaB2O4) phase after 700 °C calcination. Water evaporation and oxygen released during the thermal decomposition could be observed through TGA and DSC analysis. According to the analytical results, the FBHG products using calcium ion and barium ion as precipitants were supposed to be calcium peroxoborate (Ca(BO3)2 • nH2O) and barium peroxoborate (BaB2O4(OH)4), respectively.

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