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Journal articles on the topic 'Bordetella'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 July 2024

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1

Sebaihia, Mohammed, Andrew Preston, Duncan J. Maskell, Holly Kuzmiak, Terry D. Connell, Natalie D. King, Paul E. Orndorff, et al. "Comparison of the Genome Sequence of the Poultry Pathogen Bordetella avium with Those of B. bronchiseptica, B. pertussis, and B. parapertussis Reveals Extensive Diversity in Surface Structures Associated with Host Interaction." Journal of Bacteriology 188, no. 16 (August 15, 2006): 6002–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01927-05.

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ABSTRACT Bordetella avium is a pathogen of poultry and is phylogenetically distinct from Bordetella bronchiseptica, Bordetella pertussis, and Bordetella parapertussis, which are other species in the Bordetella genus that infect mammals. In order to understand the evolutionary relatedness of Bordetella species and further the understanding of pathogenesis, we obtained the complete genome sequence of B. avium strain 197N, a pathogenic strain that has been extensively studied. With 3,732,255 base pairs of DNA and 3,417 predicted coding sequences, it has the smallest genome and gene complement of the sequenced bordetellae. In this study, the presence or absence of previously reported virulence factors from B. avium was confirmed, and the genetic bases for growth characteristics were elucidated. Over 1,100 genes present in B. avium but not in B. bronchiseptica were identified, and most were predicted to encode surface or secreted proteins that are likely to define an organism adapted to the avian rather than the mammalian respiratory tracts. These include genes coding for the synthesis of a polysaccharide capsule, hemagglutinins, a type I secretion system adjacent to two very large genes for secreted proteins, and unique genes for both lipopolysaccharide and fimbrial biogenesis. Three apparently complete prophages are also present. The BvgAS virulence regulatory system appears to have polymorphisms at a poly(C) tract that is involved in phase variation in other bordetellae. A number of putative iron-regulated outer membrane proteins were predicted from the sequence, and this regulation was confirmed experimentally for five of these.
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2

Allen, Andrew G., Tomoko Isobe, and Duncan J. Maskell. "Identification and Cloning of waaF (rfaF) from Bordetella pertussis and Use To Generate Mutants ofBordetella spp. with Deep Rough Lipopolysaccharide." Journal of Bacteriology 180, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.180.1.35-40.1998.

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ABSTRACT A DNA locus from Bordetella pertussis capable of reconstituting lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O-antigen biosynthesis inSalmonella typhimurium SL3789 (rfaF511) has been isolated, by using selection with the antibiotic novobiocin. DNA within the locus encodes a protein with amino acid sequence similarity to heptosyltransferase II, encoded by waaF (previouslyrfaF) in other gram-negative bacteria. Mutation of this gene in B. pertussis, Bordetella parapertussis, and Bordetella bronchiseptica by allelic exchange generated bacteria with deep rough LPS phenotypes consistent with the proposed function of the gene as an inner core heptosyltransferase. These are the first LPS mutants generated in B. parapertussis andB. bronchiseptica and the first deep rough mutants of any of the bordetellae.
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3

López-Boado, Yolanda S., Laura M. Cobb, and Rajendar Deora. "Bordetella bronchiseptica Flagellin Is a Proinflammatory Determinant for Airway Epithelial Cells." Infection and Immunity 73, no. 11 (November 2005): 7525–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.73.11.7525-7534.2005.

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ABSTRACT Motility is an important virulence phenotype for many bacteria, and flagellin, the monomeric component of flagella, is a potent proinflammatory factor. Of the three Bordetella species, Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis are nonmotile human pathogens, while Bordetella bronchiseptica expresses flagellin and causes disease in animals and immunocompromised human hosts. The BvgAS two-component signal transduction system regulates phenotypic-phase transition (Bvg+, Bvg−, and Bvgi) in bordetellae. The Bvg− phase of B. bronchiseptica is characterized by the expression of flagellin and the repression of adhesins and toxins necessary for the colonization of the respiratory tract. B. bronchiseptica naturally infects a variety of animal hosts and constitutes an excellent model to study Bordetella pathogenesis. Using in vitro coculture models of bacteria and human lung epithelial cells, we studied the effects of B. bronchiseptica flagellin on host defense responses. Our results show that B. bronchiseptica flagellin is a potent proinflammatory factor that induces chemokine, cytokine, and host defense gene expression. Furthermore, we investigated receptor specificity in the response to B. bronchiseptica flagellin. Our results show that B. bronchiseptica flagellin is able to signal effectively through both human and mouse Toll-like receptor 5.
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4

Parise, Gina, Meenu Mishra, Yoshikane Itoh, Tony Romeo, and Rajendar Deora. "Role of a Putative Polysaccharide Locus in Bordetella Biofilm Development." Journal of Bacteriology 189, no. 3 (November 17, 2006): 750–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00953-06.

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ABSTRACT Bordetellae are gram-negative bacteria that colonize the respiratory tracts of animals and humans. We and others have recently shown that these bacteria are capable of living as sessile communities known as biofilms on a number of abiotic surfaces. During the biofilm mode of existence, bacteria produce one or more extracellular polymeric substances that function, in part, to hold the cells together and to a surface. There is little information on either the constituents of the biofilm matrix or the genetic basis of biofilm development by Bordetella spp. By utilizing immunoblot assays and by enzymatic hydrolysis using dispersin B (DspB), a glycosyl hydrolase that specifically cleaves the polysaccharide poly-β-1,6-N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (poly-β-1,6-GlcNAc), we provide evidence for the production of poly-β-1,6-GlcNAc by various Bordetella species (Bordetella bronchiseptica, B. pertussis, and B. parapertussis) and its role in their biofilm development. We have investigated the role of a Bordetella locus, here designated bpsABCD, in biofilm formation. The bps (Bordetella polysaccharide) locus is homologous to several bacterial loci that are required for the production of poly-β-1,6-GlcNAc and have been implicated in bacterial biofilm formation. By utilizing multiple microscopic techniques to analyze biofilm formation under both static and hydrodynamic conditions, we demonstrate that the bps locus, although not essential at the initial stages of biofilm formation, contributes to the stability and the maintenance of the complex architecture of Bordetella biofilms.
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5

Sloan, Gina Parise, Cheraton F. Love, Neelima Sukumar, Meenu Mishra, and Rajendar Deora. "The Bordetella Bps Polysaccharide Is Critical for Biofilm Development in the Mouse Respiratory Tract." Journal of Bacteriology 189, no. 22 (June 22, 2007): 8270–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00785-07.

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ABSTRACT Bordetellae are respiratory pathogens that infect both humans and animals. Bordetella bronchiseptica establishes asymptomatic and long-term to life-long infections of animal nasopharynges. While the human pathogen Bordetella pertussis is the etiological agent of the acute disease whooping cough in infants and young children, it is now being increasingly isolated from the nasopharynges of vaccinated adolescents and adults who sometimes show milder symptoms, such as prolonged cough illness. Although it has been shown that Bordetella can form biofilms in vitro, nothing is known about its biofilm mode of existence in mammalian hosts. Using indirect immunofluorescence and scanning electron microscopy, we examined nasal tissues from mice infected with B. bronchiseptica. Our results demonstrate that a wild-type strain formed robust biofilms that were adherent to the nasal epithelium and displayed architectural attributes characteristic of a number of bacterial biofilms formed on inert surfaces. We have previously shown that the Bordetella Bps polysaccharide encoded by the bpsABCD locus is critical for the stability and maintenance of three-dimensional structures of biofilms. We show here that Bps is essential for the formation of efficient nasal biofilms and is required for the colonization of the nose. Our results document a biofilm lifestyle for Bordetella in mammalian respiratory tracts and highlight the essential role of the Bps polysaccharide in this process and in persistence of the nares.
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6

Williams, Corinne L., Robert Haines, and Peggy A. Cotter. "Serendipitous Discovery of an Immunoglobulin-Binding Autotransporter in Bordetella Species." Infection and Immunity 76, no. 7 (April 21, 2008): 2966–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00323-08.

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ABSTRACT We describe the serendipitous discovery of BatB, a classical-type Bordetella autotransporter (AT) protein with an ∼180-kDa passenger domain that remains noncovalently associated with the outer membrane. Like genes encoding all characterized protein virulence factors in Bordetella species, batB transcription is positively regulated by the master virulence regulatory system BvgAS. BatB is predicted to share similarity with immunoglobulin A (IgA) proteases, and we showed that BatB binds Ig in vitro. In vivo, a Bordetella bronchiseptica ΔbatB mutant was unable to overcome innate immune defenses and was cleared from the lower respiratory tracts of mice more rapidly than wild-type B. bronchiseptica. This defect was abrogated in SCID mice, suggesting that BatB functions to resist clearance during the first week postinoculation in a manner dependent on B- and T-cell-mediated activities. Taken together with the previous demonstration that polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) are critical for the control of B. bronchiseptica in mice, our data support the hypothesis that BatB prevents nonspecific antibodies from facilitating PMN-mediated clearance during the first few days postinoculation. Neither of the strictly human-adapted Bordetella subspecies produces a fully functional BatB protein; nucleotide differences within the putative promoter region prevent batB transcription in Bordetella pertussis, and although expressed, the batB gene of human-derived Bordetella parapertussis (B. parapertussis hu) contains a large in-frame deletion relative to batB of B. bronchiseptica. Taken together, our data suggest that BatB played an important role in the evolution of virulence and host specificity among the mammalian-adapted bordetellae.
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7

Hegerle, N., A. S. Paris, D. Brun, G. Dore, E. Njamkepo, S. Guillot, and N. Guiso. "Evolution of French Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis isolates: increase of Bordetellae not expressing pertactin." Clinical Microbiology and Infection 18, no. 9 (September 2012): E340—E346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2012.03925.x.

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8

Cummings, C. A., M. M. Brinig, P. W. Lepp, S. van de Pas, and D. A. Relman. "Bordetella Species Are Distinguished by Patterns of Substantial Gene Loss and Host Adaptation." Journal of Bacteriology 186, no. 5 (March 1, 2004): 1484–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.186.5.1484-1492.2004.

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ABSTRACT Pathogens of the bacterial genus Bordetella cause respiratory disease in humans and animals. Although virulence and host specificity vary across the genus, the genetic determinants of this diversity remain unidentified. To identify genes that may underlie key phenotypic differences between these species and clarify their evolutionary relationships, we performed a comparative analysis of genome content in 42 Bordetella strains by hybridization of genomic DNA to a microarray representing the genomes of three Bordetella species and by subtractive hybridization. Here we show that B. pertussis and B. parapertussis are predominantly differentiated from B. bronchiseptica by large, species-specific regions of difference, many of which encode or direct synthesis of surface structures, including lipopolysaccharide O antigen, which may be important determinants of host specificity. The species also exhibit sequence diversity at a number of surface protein-encoding loci, including the fimbrial major subunit gene, fim2. Gene loss, rather than gene acquisition, accompanied by the proliferation of transposons, has played a fundamental role in the evolution of the pathogenic bordetellae and may represent a conserved evolutionary mechanism among other groups of microbial pathogens.
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9

Spears, Patricia A., Louise M. Temple, David M. Miyamoto, Duncan J. Maskell, and Paul E. Orndorff. "Unexpected Similarities between Bordetella avium and Other Pathogenic Bordetellae." Infection and Immunity 71, no. 5 (May 2003): 2591–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.71.5.2591-2597.2003.

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ABSTRACT Bordetella avium causes an upper respiratory tract disease (bordetellosis) in avian species. Commercially raised turkeys are particularly susceptible. Like other pathogenic members of the genus Bordetella (B. pertussis and B. bronchiseptica) that infect mammals, B. avium binds preferentially to ciliated tracheal epithelial cells and produces similar signs of disease. These similarities prompted us to study bordetellosis in turkeys as a possible nonmammalian model for whooping cough, the exclusively human childhood disease caused by B. pertussis. One impediment to accepting such a host-pathogen model as relevant to the human situation is evidence suggesting that B. avium does not express a number of the factors known to be associated with virulence in the other two Bordetella species. Nevertheless, with signature-tagged mutagenesis, four avirulent mutants that had lesions in genes orthologous to those associated with virulence in B. pertussis and B. bronchiseptica (bvgS, fhaB, fhaC, and fimC) were identified. None of the four B. avium genes had been previously identified as encoding factors associated with virulence, and three of the insertions (in fhaB, bvgS, and fimC) were in genes or gene clusters inferred as being absent or incomplete in B. avium, based upon the lack of DNA sequence similarities in hybridization studies and/or the lack of immunological cross-reactivity of the putative products. We further found that the genotypic arrangements of most of the B. avium orthologues were very similar in all three Bordetella species. In vitro tests, including hemagglutination, tracheal ring binding, and serum sensitivity, helped further define the phenotypes conferred by the mutations. Our findings strengthen the connection between the causative agents and the pathogenesis of bordetellosis in all hosts and may help explain the striking similarities of the histopathologic characteristics of this upper airway disease in avian and mammalian species.
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10

Marr, Nico, Alina Tirsoaga, Didier Blanot, Rachel Fernandez, and Martine Caroff. "Glucosamine Found as a Substituent of Both Phosphate Groups in Bordetella Lipid A Backbones: Role of a BvgAS-Activated ArnT Ortholog." Journal of Bacteriology 190, no. 12 (April 18, 2008): 4281–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01875-07.

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ABSTRACT Endotoxins are amphipathic lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), major constituents of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. They consist of a lipid region, covalently linked to a core oligosaccharide, to which may be linked a repetitive glycosidic chain carrying antigenic determinants. Most of the biological activities of endotoxins have been associated with the lipid moiety of the molecule: unique to gram-negative bacteria, LPS is a ligand of the mammalian TLR4-MD2-CD14 pathogen recognition receptor complex. Lipid A preparations are often heterogeneous with respect to both the numbers and the lengths of fatty acids and the natures of substituents on the phosphate groups when present. The variants can significantly affect host immune responses. Nine species in the Bordetella genus have been described, and the fine LPS structures of seven of them have been published. In this report, lipids A from Bordetella pertussis Tohama I and B. bronchiseptica strain 4650 were further characterized and revealed to have a glucosamine substituting both lipid A phosphate groups of the diglucosamine backbone. These substitutions have not been previously described for bordetellae. Moreover, a B. pertussis transposon mutation that maps within a gene encoding a Bordetella ArnT (formerly PmrK) glycosyl transferase ortholog does not carry this substitution, thus providing a genetic basis for the modification. Reverse transcriptase PCR of this locus showed that it is Bvg regulated, suggesting that the ability of Bordetella to modify lipid A via this glucosamine modification is a potential virulence trait.
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11

Diavatopoulos, D. A., C. A. Cummings, H. G. J. van der Heide, M. van Gent, S. Liew, D. A. Relman, and F. R. Mooi. "Characterization of a Highly Conserved Island in the Otherwise Divergent Bordetella holmesii and Bordetella pertussis Genomes." Journal of Bacteriology 188, no. 24 (October 13, 2006): 8385–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01081-06.

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ABSTRACT The recently discovered pathogen Bordetella holmesii has been isolated from the airways and blood of diseased humans. Genetic events contributing to the emergence of B. holmesii are not understood, and its phylogenetic position among the bordetellae remains unclear. To address these questions, B. holmesii strains were analyzed by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) to a Bordetella pertussis microarray and by multilocus sequence typing. Both methods indicated substantial sequence divergence between B. pertussis and B. holmesii. However, CGH identified a putative pathogenicity island of 66 kb that is highly conserved between these species and contains several IS481 elements that may have been laterally transferred from B. pertussis to B. holmesii. This island contains, among other genes, a functional, iron-regulated locus encoding the biosynthesis, export, and uptake of the siderophore alcaligin. The acquisition of this genomic island by B. holmesii may have significantly contributed to its emergence as a human pathogen. Horizontal gene transfer between B. pertussis and B. holmesii may also explain the unusually high sequence identity of their 16S rRNA genes.
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12

Pishko, Elizabeth J., David J. Betting, Christina S. Hutter, and Eric T. Harvill. "Bordetella pertussis Acquires Resistance to Complement-Mediated Killing In Vivo." Infection and Immunity 71, no. 9 (September 2003): 4936–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.71.9.4936-4942.2003.

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ABSTRACT In order to initially colonize a host, bacteria must avoid various components of the innate immune system, one of which is complement. The genus Bordetella includes three closely related species that differ in their ability to resist complement-mediated killing. Bordetella parapertussis and Bordetella bronchiseptica resist killing in naïve serum, a characteristic that may aid in efficient respiratory tract colonization and has been attributed to expression of O antigen. Bordetella pertussis lacks O antigen and is sensitive to naïve serum in vitro, yet it also efficiently colonizes the respiratory tract. Based on these observations, we hypothesized that B. pertussis may have an alternate mechanism to resist complement in vivo. While a number of reports on serum sensitivity of the bordetellae have been published, we show here that serum concentration and growth conditions can greatly alter the observed level of sensitivity to complement and that all but one strain of B. pertussis observed were sensitive to some level of naïve serum in vitro, particularly when there was excess complement. However, B. pertussis rapidly acquires increased resistance in vivo to naïve serum that is specific to the alternative pathway. Resistance is not efficiently acquired by B. parapertussis and B. bronchiseptica mutants lacking O antigen. This B. pertussis-specific mechanism of complement resistance does not appear to be dependent on either brkA or other genes expressed specifically in the Bvg+ phase. This in vivo acquisition of alternative pathway resistance suggests that there is a novel O antigen-independent method by which B. pertussis evades complement-mediated killing.
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13

Guiso, N. "Bordetella." EMC - Biologie médicale 2, no. 3 (January 2007): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2211-9698(07)71378-x.

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14

Srigley, Jocelyn A., David M. Goldfarb, and Jeffrey M. Pernica. "Bordetella Species Other than Bordetella pertussis." Clinical Microbiology Newsletter 37, no. 8 (April 2015): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2015.03.004.

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15

Heininger, Ulrich, Peggy A. Cotter, Howard W. Fescemyer, Guillermo Martinez de Tejada, Ming H. Yuk, Jeff F. Miller, and Eric T. Harvill. "Comparative Phenotypic Analysis of the Bordetella parapertussis Isolate Chosen for Genomic Sequencing." Infection and Immunity 70, no. 7 (July 2002): 3777–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.70.7.3777-3784.2002.

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ABSTRACT The genomes of three closely related bordetellae are currently being sequenced, thus providing an opportunity for comparative genomic approaches driven by an understanding of the comparative biology of these three bacteria. Although the other strains being sequenced are well studied, the strain of Bordetella parapertussis chosen for sequencing is a recent human clinical isolate (strain 12822) that has yet to be characterized in detail. This investigation reports the first phenotypic characterization of this strain, which will likely become the prototype for this species in comparison with the prototype strains of B. pertussis (Tohama I), B. bronchiseptica (RB50), and other isolates of B. parapertussis. Multiple in vitro and in vivo assays distinguished each species. B. parapertussis was more similar to B. bronchiseptica than to B. pertussis in many assays, including in BvgS signaling characteristics, presence of urease activity, regulation of urease expression by BvgAS, virulence in the respiratory tracts of immunocompromised mice, induction of anti-Bordetella antibodies, and serum antimicrobial resistance. In other assays, B. parapertussis was distinct from all other species (in pigment production) or more similar to B. pertussis (by lack of motility and cytotoxicity to a macrophage-like cell line). These results begin to provide phenotypes that can be related to genetic differences identified in the genomic sequences of bordetellae.
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16

Harvill, Eric T., Andrew Preston, Peggy A. Cotter, Andrew G. Allen, Duncan J. Maskell, and Jeff F. Miller. "Multiple Roles for BordetellaLipopolysaccharide Molecules during Respiratory Tract Infection." Infection and Immunity 68, no. 12 (December 1, 2000): 6720–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.68.12.6720-6728.2000.

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ABSTRACT Bordetella pertussis, Bordetella parapertussis, and Bordetella bronchiseptica are closely related subspecies that cause respiratory tract infections in humans and other mammals and express many similar virulence factors. Their lipopolysaccharide (LPS) molecules differ, containing either a complex trisaccharide (B. pertussis), a trisaccharide plus an O-antigen-like repeat (B. bronchiseptica), or an altered trisaccharide plus an O-antigen-like repeat (B. parapertussis). Deletion of the wlb locus results in the loss of membrane-distal polysaccharide domains in the three subspecies of bordetellae, leaving LPS molecules consisting of lipid A and core oligosaccharide. We have used wlb deletion (Δwlb) mutants to investigate the roles of distal LPS structures in respiratory tract infection by bordetellae. Each mutant was defective compared to its parent strain in colonization of the respiratory tracts of BALB/c mice, but the location in the respiratory tract and the time point at which defects were observed differed significantly. Although the Δwlb mutants were much more sensitive to complement-mediated killing in vitro, they displayed similar defects in respiratory tract colonization in C5−/− mice compared with wild-type (wt) mice, indicating that increased sensitivity to complement-mediated lysis is not sufficient to explain the in vivo defects. B. pertussis andB. parapertussis Δwlb mutants were also defective compared to wt strains in colonization of SCID-beige mice, indicating that the defects were not limited to interactions with adaptive immunity. Interestingly, the B. bronchiseptica Δwlbstrain was defective, compared to the wt strain, in colonization of the respiratory tracts of BALB/c mice beginning 1 week postinoculation but did not differ from the wt strain in its ability to colonize the respiratory tracts of B-cell- and T-cell-deficient mice, suggesting that wlb-dependent LPS modifications in B. bronchiseptica modulate interactions with adaptive immunity. These data show that biosynthesis of a full-length LPS molecule by these three bordetellae is essential for the expression of full virulence for mice. In addition, the data indicate that the different distal structures modifying the LPS molecules on these three closely related subspecies serve different purposes in respiratory tract infection, highlighting the diversity of functions attributable to LPS of gram-negative bacteria.
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17

Pittet, Laure F., Stéphane Emonet, Jacques Schrenzel, Claire-Anne Siegrist, and Klara M. Posfay-Barbe. "Bordetella holmesii: an under-recognised Bordetella species." Lancet Infectious Diseases 14, no. 6 (June 2014): 510–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(14)70021-0.

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18

Hoegh, Silje V., Charlotte N. Agergaard, Marianne N. Skov, and Michael Kemp. "False-Positive Diagnostics of Bordetella Pertussis using IS481 PCR is Limited in Danish Patients." Open Microbiology Journal 13, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874285801913010051.

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Background: Bordetella pertussis is routinely detected using real-time PCR based on the multicopy insertion sequence IS481, which is not specific for Bordetella pertussis. Objective: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the proportion of other Bordetella species misidentified as Bordetella pertussis using IS481-targeted real-time PCR. Methods: Clinical specimens from 228 Danish patients (median age 15 years, 0 to 90 years old) formerly identified as positive for Bordetella pertussis (IS481+) by routine PCR in 2011-2015, were subjected to real-time PCR targeting the insertion sequences IS1002 and IS1001. Results: The results showed that 2.3% of the samples were false-positive for Bordetella pertussis. Conclusion: In conclusion, we found that misidentification of Bordetella pertussis using IS481 PCR is limited in Danish patients.
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19

Gerlach, Gabriele, Simone Janzen, Dagmar Beier, and Roy Gross. "Functional characterization of the BvgAS two-component system of Bordetella holmesii." Microbiology 150, no. 11 (November 1, 2004): 3715–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.27432-0.

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The BvgAS two-component system is the master regulator of virulence gene expression in the mammalian pathogens Bordetella pertussis, Bordetella parapertussis and Bordetella bronchiseptica. This paper reports the partial cloning and characterization of the bvgAS loci of the ‘new’ Bordetella species Bordetella holmesii, Bordetella trematum and Bordetella hinzii, which are increasingly recognized as opportunistic pathogens in humans. It is demonstrated that the cytoplasmic signalling domains of the BvgS histidine kinases of B. pertussis and B. holmesii are functionally interchangeable, while signal perception by the two sensor proteins seems to be different. Furthermore, it is shown that, despite the high similarity of the BvgA proteins of B. pertussis and B. holmesii, promoter recognition by the response regulator proteins differs substantially in these organisms.
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20

Ucieklak, Karolina, Sabina Koj, and Tomasz Niedziela. "Conserved Structural Features of Core Oligosaccharides among the Lipopolysaccharides of Respiratory Pathogens from the Genus Bordetella Analyzed Exclusively by NMR Spectroscopy." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 3 (January 21, 2021): 1029. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22031029.

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Bacterial pathogens expose on the cell surface a variety of complex carbohydrate molecules. Gram-negative bacteria produce lipopolysaccharides, which are the main components of the outer membrane of bacterial envelopes and play a major role in host–pathogen interactions. B. pertussis, B. parapertussis, B. bronchiseptica, and B. holmesii, are mammalian respiratory pathogens, having substantial economic impact on human health and agriculture. B. pertussis is responsible for whooping cough (pertussis) and B. holmesii is the second pertussis etiological factor, but the current anti-pertussis vaccines do not provide cross-protection. The structural data on any given hypothetical carbohydrate antigen is a prerequisite for further analysis of structure-related activities and their interaction with hosts. 1H NMR spectra constitute fingerprints of the analyzed glycans and provide unique identity information. The concept of structure-reporter groups has now been augmented by 1H,13C-correlation spectra of the Bordetella oligosaccharides. The comparative analysis of Bordetellae oligosaccharides (OS) revealed that the hexasaccharide, comprising the α-GlcpN, α-GlcpA, 4,6-disubstituted-β-Glcp, 2,7-disubstituted-l-α-d-Hepp, 3,4-disubstituted-l-α-d-Hepp, and Kdo, constitute the least variable OS segment. This minimal common element in the structure of lipopolysaccharides of Bordetellae could be used to devise a universal cross-protective vaccine component against infections with various bacteria from the genus Bordetella.
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21

Burns, Valorie C., Elizabeth J. Pishko, Andrew Preston, Duncan J. Maskell, and Eric T. Harvill. "Role of Bordetella O Antigen in Respiratory Tract Infection." Infection and Immunity 71, no. 1 (January 2003): 86–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.71.1.86-94.2003.

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ABSTRACT Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), as the major surface molecule of gram-negative bacteria, interacts with the host in complex ways, both inducing and protecting against aspects of inflammatory and adaptive immunity. The membrane-distal repeated carbohydrate structure of LPS, the O antigen, can prevent antibody functions and may vary as a mechanism of immune evasion. Genes of the wbm locus are required for the assembly of O antigen on the animal pathogen Bordetella bronchiseptica and the human pathogen B. parapertussis. However, the important human pathogen B. pertussis lacks these genes and a number of in vitro and in vivo characteristics associated with O antigen in other organisms. To determine the specific functions of O antigen in these closely related Bordetella subspecies, we compared wbm deletion (Δwbm) mutants of B. bronchiseptica and B. parapertussis in a variety of assays relevant to natural respiratory tract infection. Complement was not activated or depleted by wild-type bordetellae expressing O antigen, but both Δwbm mutants activated complement and were highly sensitive to complement-mediated killing in vitro. Although the O-antigen structures appear to be substantially similar, the two mutants differed strikingly in their defects within the respiratory tract. The B. parapertussis Δwbm mutant was severely defective in colonization of the tracheas and lungs of mice, while the B. bronchiseptica Δwbm mutant showed almost no defect. While in vitro characteristics such as serum resistance may be attributable to O antigen directly, the role of O antigen during infection appears to be more complex, possibly involving factors differing among the closely related bordetellae or different interactions between each one and its host.
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Carbonetti, Nicholas H. "Bordetella pertussis." Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 29, no. 3 (June 2016): 287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/qco.0000000000000264.

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Parkhill, Julian, Mohammed Sebaihia, Andrew Preston, Lee D. Murphy, Nicholas Thomson, David E. Harris, Matthew T. G. Holden, et al. "Comparative analysis of the genome sequences of Bordetella pertussis, Bordetella parapertussis and Bordetella bronchiseptica." Nature Genetics 35, no. 1 (August 10, 2003): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng1227.

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24

Locht, Camille, Nicholas H. Carbonetti, James D. Cherry, F. Heath Damron, Kathryn M. Edwards, Rachel Fernandez, Eric T. Harvill, et al. "Highlights of the 12th International Bordetella Symposium." Clinical Infectious Diseases 71, no. 9 (May 28, 2020): 2521–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa651.

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Abstract To commemorate the 100th anniversary of the Nobel prize being awarded to Jules Bordet, the discoverer of Bordetella pertussis, the 12th International Bordetella Symposium was held from 9 to 12 April 2019 at the Université Libre de Bruxelles, where Jules Bordet studied and was Professor of Microbiology. The symposium attracted more than 300 Bordetella experts from 34 countries. They discussed the latest epidemiologic data and clinical aspects of pertussis, Bordetella biology and pathogenesis, immunology and vaccine development, and genomics and evolution. Advanced technological and methodological tools provided novel insights into the genomic diversity of Bordetella and a better understanding of pertussis disease and vaccine performance. New molecular approaches revealed previously unrecognized complexity of virulence gene regulation. Innovative insights into the immune responses to infection by Bordetella resulted in the development of new vaccine candidates. Such discoveries will aid in the design of more effective approaches to control pertussis and other Bordetella-related diseases.
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Julio, Steven M., and Peggy A. Cotter. "Characterization of the Filamentous Hemagglutinin-Like Protein FhaS in Bordetella bronchiseptica." Infection and Immunity 73, no. 8 (August 2005): 4960–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.73.8.4960-4971.2005.

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ABSTRACT Filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) is a large (>200 kDa), rod-shaped protein expressed by bordetellae that is both surface-associated and secreted. FHA mediates bacterial adherence to epithelial cells and macrophages in vitro and is absolutely required for tracheal colonization in vivo. The recently sequenced Bordetella bronchiseptica genome revealed the presence of a gene, fhaS, that is nearly identical to fhaB, the FHA structural gene. We show that although fhaS expression requires the BvgAS virulence control system, it is maximal only under a subset of conditions in which BvgAS is active, suggesting an additional level of regulation. We also show that, like FHA, FhaS undergoes a C-terminal proteolytic processing event and is both surface-associated and secreted and that export across the outer membrane requires the channel-forming protein FhaC. Unlike FHA, however, FhaS was unable to mediate adherence of B. bronchiseptica to epithelial cell lines in vitro and was not required for respiratory tract colonization in vivo. In a coinfection experiment, a ΔfhaS strain was out-competed by wild-type B. bronchiseptica, indicating that fhaS is expressed in vivo and that FhaS contributes to bacterial fitness in a manner revealed when the mutant must compete with wild-type bacteria. These data suggest that FHA and FhaS perform distinct functions during the Bordetella infectious cycle. A survey of various Bordetella strains revealed two distinct fhaS alleles that segregate according to pathogen host range and that B. parapertussis hu most likely acquired its fhaS allele from B. pertussis horizontally, suggesting fhaS may contribute to host-species specificity.
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Mortensen, J. E., A. Brumbach, and T. R. Shryock. "Antimicrobial susceptibility of Bordetella avium and Bordetella bronchiseptica isolates." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 33, no. 5 (May 1, 1989): 771–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.33.5.771.

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Khelef, N., B. Danve, M. J. Quentin-Millet, and N. Guiso. "Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis: two immunologically distinct species." Infection and Immunity 61, no. 2 (1993): 486–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.61.2.486-490.1993.

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28

Boursaux-Eude, Caroline, and Nicole Guiso. "Polymorphism of Repeated Regions of Pertactin in Bordetella pertussis, Bordetella parapertussis, andBordetella bronchiseptica." Infection and Immunity 68, no. 8 (August 1, 2000): 4815–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.68.8.4815-4817.2000.

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ABSTRACT Pertactin is an outer membrane protein expressed byBordetella pertussis, Bordetella parapertussis, and Bordetella bronchiseptica that induces protective immunity to Bordetella infections. The immunodominant and immunoprotective epitopes of pertactin include two repeated regions, I and II. Comparison of these two repeated regions showed that B. parapertussis pertactin is invariant, whereas B. pertussis pertactin varies mostly in region I and B. bronchiseptica pertactin varies in both repeated regions I and II, but mostly in region II. These differences may result from specific characteristics of these Bordetella species.
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Vandamme, Peter A., Charlotte Peeters, Margo Cnockaert, Elisabeth Inganäs, Enevold Falsen, Edward R. B. Moore, Olga C. Nunes, Célia M. Manaia, Theodore Spilker, and John J. LiPuma. "Bordetella bronchialis sp. nov., Bordetella flabilis sp. nov. and Bordetella sputigena sp. nov., isolated from human respiratory specimens, and reclassification of Achromobacter sediminum Zhang et al. 2014 as Verticia sediminum gen. nov., comb. nov." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 65, Pt_10 (October 1, 2015): 3674–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.000473.

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The phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of four Bordetella hinzii-like strains from human respiratory specimens and representing nrdA gene sequence based genogroups 3, 14 and 15 were examined. In a 16S rRNA gene sequence based phylogenetic tree, the four strains consistently formed a single coherent lineage but their assignment to the genus Bordetella was equivocal. The respiratory quinone, polar lipid and fatty acid profiles generally conformed to those of species of the genus Bordetella and were characterized by the presence of ubiquinone 8, of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and several aminolipids, and of high percentages of C16 : 0, cyclo-C17 : 0 and summed feature 2, as major chemotaxonomic marker molecules, respectively. The DNA G+C content was about 66 mol%, which corresponded with that of the high-percentage DNA G+C content genera of the family Alcaligenaceae including the genus Bordetella. DNA–DNA hybridization experiments revealed the presence of three distinct genomospecies and thus confirmed phenotypic differences as revealed by means of extensive biochemical characterization. We therefore propose to formally classify Bordetella genogroups 3, 14 and 15 as Bordetella bronchialis sp. nov. (type strain LMG 28640T = AU3182T = CCUG 56828T), Bordetella sputigena sp. nov. (type strain LMG 28641T = CCUG 56478T) and Bordetella flabilis sp. nov. (type strain LMG 28642T = AU10664T = CCUG 56827T). In addition, we propose to reclassify Achromobacter sediminum into the novel genus Verticia, as Verticia sediminum, gen. nov., comb. nov., on the basis of its unique phylogenetic position, its marine origin and its distinctive phenotypic, fatty acid and polar lipid profile.
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30

Stenzel, T., D. Pestka, B. Tykałowski, M. Śmiałek, A. Koncicki, and A. Bancerz-Kisiel. "Detection of Bordetella avium by TaqMan real-time PCR in tracheal swabs from wildlife birds." Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences 20, no. 1 (March 28, 2017): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjvs-2017-0005.

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Abstract Bordetella avium, the causing agent of bordetellosis, a highly contagious infection of the respiratory tract in young poultry, causes significant losses in poultry farming throughout the world. Wildlife birds can be a reservoir of various pathogens that infect farm animals. For this reason the studies were conducted to estimate the prevalence of Bordetella avium in wildlife birds in Poland. Tracheal swab samples were collected from 650 birds representing 27 species. The bacterial DNA was isolated directly from the swabs and screened for Bordetella avium by TaqMan real-time PCR. The assay specificity was evaluated by testing DNA isolated from 8 other bacteria that can be present in avian respiratory tract, and there was no amplification from non-Bordetella avium agents. Test sensitivity was determined by preparing standard tenfold serial dilutions of DNA isolated from positive control. The assay revealed to be sensitive, with detection limit of approximately 4.07x10^2 copies of Bordetella avium DNA. The genetic material of Bordetella avium was found in 54.54% of common pheasants, in 9.09% of Eurasian coots, in 3.22% of black-headed gulls and in 2.77% of mallard ducks. The results of this study point to low prevalence of Bordetella avium infections in wildlife birds. The results also show that described molecular assay proved to be suitable for the rapid diagnosis of bordetellosis in the routine diagnostic laboratory.
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31

Teimurazov, M. G., O. V. Tazina, A. A. Abaimova, M. E. Platonov, T. B. Manin, A. V. Ruzina, and S. V. Pankratov. "Bordetella avium and Bordetella hinzii isolated from chickens from different farms in the Russian Federation." "Veterinary Medicine" Journal 26, no. 07 (July 2023): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30896/0042-4846.2023.26.7.11-16.

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32

Daniels, Heather L., and Camille Sabella. "Bordetella pertussis (Pertussis)." Pediatrics in Review 39, no. 5 (May 2018): 247–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.2017-0229.

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33

Schwanz, Thomas. "Erregerlexikon: Bordetella pertussis." Krankenhaushygiene up2date 17, no. 02 (June 2022): 141–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1745-7799.

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34

Lawson, R. A. "Bordetella bronchiseptica pneumonia." Thorax 49, no. 12 (December 1, 1994): 1278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thx.49.12.1278-b.

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35

Wallihan, Rebecca, Rangaraj Selvarangan, Mario Marcon, Katalin Koranyi, Kevin Spicer, and Mary Anne Jackson. "Bordetella parapertussis Bacteremia." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 32, no. 7 (July 2013): 796–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/inf.0b013e31828d2ca4.

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36

Papasian, C. J., N. J. Downs, R. L. Talley, D. J. Romberger, and G. R. Hodges. "Bordetella bronchiseptica bronchitis." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 25, no. 3 (1987): 575–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.25.3.575-577.1987.

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Couturier, Amy P., and Karen Dahl. "Bordetella Holmesii Endocarditis." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 33, no. 6 (June 2014): 661–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/inf.0000000000000234.

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38

Ducours, M., P. Rispal, M. P. Danjean, Y. Imbert, E. Dupont, E. M. Traissac, and S. Grosleron. "Bordetella bronchiseptica infection." Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses 47, no. 7 (November 2017): 453–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.medmal.2017.05.012.

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39

Cullinane, L. C., M. R. Alley, R. B. Marshall, and B. W. Manktelow. "Bordetella parapertussisfrom lambs." New Zealand Veterinary Journal 35, no. 10 (October 1987): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00480169.1987.35433.

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40

Mäkinen, Johanna, Jussi Mertsola, Frits R. Mooi, Shirley Van Amersfoorth, Heikki Arvilommi, Matti K. Viljanen, and Qiushui He. "Bordetella pertussisIsolates, Finland." Emerging Infectious Diseases 11, no. 1 (January 2005): 183–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1101.040632.

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41

Fry, Norman K., John Duncan, Henry Malnick, Marina Warner, Andrew J. Smith, Margaret S. Jackson, and Ashraf Ayoub. "Bordetella petriiClinical Isolate." Emerging Infectious Diseases 11, no. 7 (July 2005): 1131–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1107.050046.

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42

Scott-Garrard, Maya M., Yu-Wei Chiang, and Frederic David. "Comparative onset of immunity of oral and intranasal vaccines against challenge with Bordetella bronchiseptica." Veterinary Record Open 5, no. 1 (August 2018): e000285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vetreco-2018-000285.

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Three groups of approximately eight-week-old beagles were vaccinated once with 1 ml of placebo vaccine (oral, n=9), 1 ml of Recombitek® Oral Bordetella (oral, n=10) or 1 ml Nobivac® Intra-Trac3 (intranasal, 0.5 ml/nostril, n=10). Seven days after vaccination, the three groups were challenged with virulent Bordetella bronchiseptica via aerosolisation. Eight of nine dogs in the placebo group and no dogs in the Recombitek® Oral Bordetella or Nobivac® Intra-Trac3 vaccine groups developed spontaneous cough of two or more consecutive days (disease case definition). Dogs in the Recombitek® Oral Bordetella and Nobivac® Intra-Trac3 groups had a significantly lower incidence of disease (P<0.0001) with a 100 per cent preventable fraction. The study demonstrated that vaccination with either Recombitek® Oral Bordetella or Nobivac® Intra-Trac3 is effective in preventing disease seven days after vaccination when compared with dogs vaccinated with a placebo.
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43

Kawai, Hirokazu, Tatsuo Aoyama, Yuji Murase, Chieko Tamura, and Atsushi Imaizump. "A Causal Relationship between Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis Infections." Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases 28, no. 4 (January 1996): 377–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00365549609037923.

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44

Chenal-Francisque, Viviane, Valérie Caro, Caroline Boursaux-Eude, and Nicole Guiso. "Genomic analysis of the adenylate cyclase-hemolysin C-terminal region of Bordetella pertussis, Bordetella parapertussisand Bordetella bronchiseptica." Research in Microbiology 160, no. 5 (June 2009): 330–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resmic.2009.03.006.

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45

Kumar, Sandeep, Bhoj R. Singh, Monika Bhardwaj, and Vidya Singh. "Occurrence ofBordetellaInfection in Pigs in Northern India." International Journal of Microbiology 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/238575.

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Bordetella bronchisepticainfection causing atrophic rhinitis in pigs is reported from almost all countries. In the present study, occurrence ofBordetellainfection in apparently healthy pigs was determined in 392 pigs sampled to collect 358 serum samples and 316 nasal swabs from Northern India by conventional bacterioscopy, detection of antigen with multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR), and detection of antibodies with microagglutination test (MAT) and enzyme linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA).Bordetella bronchisepticacould be isolated from six (1.92%) nasal swabs. Although isolates varied significantly in their antimicrobial sensitivity, they had similar plasmid profile. The genus specific and species specific amplicons were detected from 8.2% and 4.4% nasal swabs using mPCR withalcgene (genus specific) andflagene andfim2 gene (species specific) primers, respectively. Observations revealed that there may be other bordetellae infecting pigs because about 50% of the samples positive using mPCR for genus specific amplicons failed to confirm presence ofB. bronchiseptica. Of the pig sera tested with MAT and ELISA forBordetellaantibodies, 67.6% and 86.3% samples, respectively, were positive. For antigen detection mPCR was more sensitive than conventional bacterioscopy while for detection of antibodies neither of the two tests (MAT and ELISA) had specificity in relation to antigen detection. Study indicated high prevalence of infection in swine herds in Northern India.
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46

Halperin, Scott, Alicja Kasina, and Margaret Swift. "Prolonged survival of Bordetella pertussis in a simple buffer after nasopharyngeal secretion aspiration." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 38, no. 11 (November 1, 1992): 1210–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m92-200.

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A simple method for recovery of Bordetella pertussis is described using phosphate-buffered saline containing a casein hydrolysate for transporting secretions collected by nasopharyngeal aspirate. Bordetella pertussis was reisolated from 92% of clinical specimens held at 4 °C for 1 week and from all specimens held at −20 °C. This method will facilitate the centralization of laboratory facilities for the diagnosis of pertussis. Key words: Bordetella pertussis, specimen transport, nasopharyngeal secretions.
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47

Chow, Siu-Kei, Sophie Arbefeville, Bobby L. Boyanton, Emily M. Dault, James Dunn, Patricia Ferrieri, Wallace Greene, et al. "Multicenter Performance Evaluation of the Simplexa Bordetella Direct Kit in Nasopharyngeal Swab Specimens." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 59, no. 1 (October 14, 2020): e01041-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.01041-20.

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ABSTRACTDetection of Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis using molecular methods is sensitive and specific with a short turnaround time compared to other diagnostic methods. In this multicenter study, we compared the performance of the Simplexa Bordetella Direct kit to those of other molecular assays in detecting and differentiating B. pertussis and B. parapertussis in nasopharyngeal swab specimens. The limits of detection (LODs) were 150 CFU/ml or 3 fg/μl of DNA for B. pertussis and 1,500 CFU/ml or 10 fg/μl of DNA for B. parapertussis. A total of 1,103 fresh and residual frozen specimens from eight clinical sites were tested. Combining the data from individual clinical sites using different comparative assays, the overall positive percent agreement (PPA) and negative percent agreement (NPA) for B. pertussis were 98.7% and 97.3%, respectively. The overall PPA and NPA for B. parapertussis were 96.7% and 100%, respectively. For prospective fresh specimens, the overall PPA and NPA for both targets were 97.7% and 99.3%, respectively. For retrospective frozen specimens, the overall PPA and NPA for both targets were 92.6% and 93.2%, respectively. The percentage of invalid results was 1.0%. A cross-reactivity study using 74 non-Bordetella bacterial species and five yeast species revealed that the Simplexa Bordetella Direct kit was 100% specific. The hands-on time and assay run time of the Simplexa Bordetella Direct kit are favorable compared to those of other commercial and laboratory-developed tests. In summary, the Simplexa Bordetella Direct kit has a performance comparable to those of other molecular assays for the detection of B. pertussis and B. parapertussis.
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Reissinger, Annette, Jason A. Skinner, and Ming H. Yuk. "Downregulation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases by the Bordetella bronchiseptica Type III Secretion System Leads to Attenuated Nonclassical Macrophage Activation." Infection and Immunity 73, no. 1 (January 2005): 308–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.73.1.308-316.2005.

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ABSTRACT Bordetella bronchiseptica utilizes a type III secretion system (TTSS) to establish a persistent infection of the murine respiratory tract. Previous studies have shown that the Bordetella TTSS mediated cytotoxicity in different cell types, inhibition of NF-κB in epithelial cells, and differentiation of dendritic cells into a semimature state. Here we demonstrate modulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways and altered cytokine production in macrophages and dendritic cells by the Bordetella TTSS. In macrophages, the MAPKs ERK and p38 were downregulated. This resulted in attenuated production of interleukin- (IL-)6 and IL-10. In contrast, the Th-1-polarizing cytokine IL-12 was produced at very low levels and remained unmodulated by the Bordetella TTSS. In dendritic cells, ERK was transiently activated, but this failed to alter cytokine profiles. These results suggest that the Bordetella TTSS modulates antigen-presenting cells in a cell type-specific manner and the secretion of high levels of IL-6 and IL-10 by macrophages might be important for pathogen clearance.
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SACCO, R. E., K. B. REGISTER, and G. E. NORDHOLM. "Restriction enzyme analysis and ribotyping distinguish Bordetella avium and Bordetella hinzii isolates." Epidemiology and Infection 124, no. 1 (February 2000): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268899003337.

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Fifty-seven bacterial isolates previously identified as Bordetella avium or B. hinzii were characterized by restriction enzyme analysis (REA) and/or ribotyping. Twenty restriction endonucleases were evaluated for REA. Digestion of chromosomal DNA from the 42 B. avium and 15 B. hinzii isolates with Hinf I produced 8 and 7 distinct fingerprint profiles, respectively. Digestion with DdeI further discriminated these Bordetella species and produced 12 fingerprint profiles for B. avium and 4 profiles of B. hinzii. In addition, B. avium isolates were clearly distinguishable from B. hinzii isolates by ribotyping with the restriction endonuclease PvuII. The ribotype patterns of these two species of Bordetella were unique when compared to previously reported ribotype patterns for B. bronchiseptica isolates. Since it was possible to discern differences among isolates within each Bordetella species by REA analysis, we suggest that REA could be used in developing a typing system based on the fingerprint profiles generated.
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50

I. O., Enyi,, Hart, A. I., and Siminialayi, I. M. "Effect of Cardisoma guanhumi (land crab) extract on liver function and liver histology of Swiss mice infected with Bordetella pertussis." International Journal of Contemporary Research and Review 11, no. 01 (January 23, 2020): 20201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15520/ijcrr.v11i01.781.

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Pertussis also known as whooping cough is an acute human respiratory tract disease caused by Bordetella pertussis that is known to be associated with liver pathology. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Bordetella pertussis infection on the liver function and histology of Swiss mice and to evaluate the mitigating effects of Cardisoma guanhumi extract on these changes in comparison to erythromycin treatment. The animals were divided into five groups: group 1 was normal control; group 2 was infected with Bordetella pertussis without treatment (negative control); groups 3 and 4 were Bordetella pertussis infected and treated with 300mg/kg and 600mg/kg of Cardisoma guanhumi extract, respectively; and group 5 was infected and treated with 4000mg/70kg of erythromycin in divided doses. The animals were inoculated with a single infective dose of Bordetella pertussis and were consequently treated with the graded doses of the extract and erythromycin for a period of eighteen days, after the animals were confirmed infected. The mice were humanely sacrificed using diethyl ether anesthesia and blood samples taken for evaluation of liver function and liver tissue harvested and processed for histological examination. The results showed that Cardisoma guanhumi extract reversed the pathological changes in the liver of mice infected with Bordetella pertussis in a dose- and time-dependent manner, suggesting prophylactic and curative potentials of Cardisoma guanhumi extract against B. pertussis.
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