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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Border'
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Raisanen, Astrid Lea. "Bridging Borders: A Rhetoric of Border Narratives." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/144924.
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Handelman, Jonathan Steven. "Operators at the borders: the hero as change agent in border literature." Diss., Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/550.
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This study of borders in literature investigates the ways the frontier and then the border entered the national consciousness and developed into the entities they are presently. The focus here on the border in literature is organized around the role of border heroes as they bring instability and change to the geographic border region and to more metaphoric border regions. This study not only addresses the individual border hero's role and attributes, but also focuses more generally on the border hero's role as an emblem of the struggle for change. Toward this end, I support the importance to border criticism of border agents by showing their presence and essential participation in the work of Américo Paredes, some of the earliest writing on borders and border agents.
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Cronje, Franci. "Border crossings : how students negotiate cultural borders during digital video production." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10299.
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Includes bibliographical references (p. 278-292).This thesis explores emerging patterns of communication in student video production and the extent to which such patterns signify cultural border crossings in a South African upper income group school context. The investigation was carried out with specific reference to the politics of difference, an educational philosophy defined by Henry Giroux (2006) as border pedagogy. Within the framework of multimodal pedagogy, four learners from diverse cultural backgrounds collaborated with one another in a timeframe of three days to create digital video productions using guidelines provided by the researcher. The production unit was observed in order to answer questions around the utilisation of video production in the classroom, as well as how learners interact and negotiate cultural issues while producing video. The data was analysed with a custom-made multimodal toolkit as proposed by Baldry and Thibault (2006). By employing Kress and Van Leeuwen's four strata of Discourse, Design, Production and Distribution various types of data illuminated themes around social memory, race, the influence of class difference, and gender representation. Assessment techniques in terms of the multimodal theories of Kress and Van Leeuwen (2001) also enabled the researcher to look at the way in which meaning is made "in any and every sign, at every level, and in any mode" (Kress & Van Leeuwen, 2001: 4). The classroom intervention was designed to encourage adolescents as "unique hybrids" (Bhabha 1994) to cross borders of cultural identity, hypothesising that difference might emerge more clearly in the negotiation and video production process, than what might crystallise in analyzing the final video production. Metaphorical border crossing in a cultural and racial sense might become more apparent in production than final product. The negotiation of Border Difference took preference over the ultimate erosion of these borders.
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Lin, Junyu, and 林俊玉. "From border to linkage: farming restoration in HK/SZ border." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50703699.
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Hirani, Prithvi. "The border, city diaspora : the physical and imagined borders of South Asia." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2160/9eb33b63-4d1d-4019-a5e8-2932eeb07cd3.
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The tussle between borders, identity, and territory continues to dominate politics in postcolonial South Asia. While critical perspectives in International Relations tend to regard borders as increasingly dispersed and vacillated; in South Asia’s literature, borders are considered territorially sacrosanct and stringently fixed to their traditional location. Challenging both these perspectives, this thesis questions the diffuse and abstract notion of borders while simultaneously exploring the border beyond the borderland. For this, the thesis adapts the conceptual framework of border as method to analyse narratives, processes, and practices of borders in three locations: the border, the city, and diaspora. I develop this framework of border as method using the interpretive tools of sensitivity, the work of the imagination, and the figure of the stranger to guide as well as draw connections between these seemingly disparate locations. The three cases explicate the relationship between physical and imagined borders by demonstrating how ideas, practices, and narratives of the border converge and diverge at the border, within the nation, and outside the nation. The empirical case studies combine insights from fieldwork, interviews, and observations at the border between (i) India, Bangladesh and Pakistan; (ii) in chhota or mini-Pakistans in Mumbai; and (iii) South Asian ethnic enclaves in Birmingham and London. The thesis puts forth a multi-layered argument. Firstly, it argues that there is a need to rethink the way in which we approach the study of borders. For this the thesis argues in favour of studying the border as method. This suggests that it is important to study the border on its own terms, by being in dialogue with the border, and by thinking of the border as a way of knowing. Secondly, the thesis demonstrates that the ideational border plays an important role in reproducing the border. The thesis finds that borders in postcolonial South Asia are durable and resilient. Overall, the thesis views borders holistically through an engagement with the three dimensions of the borders i.e. epistemology, ontology, and phenomenology to foreground the rigidity and territoriality of the imagined border.
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Rodriguez-Arguelles, Riva Sara. "Thickening Borders: Deterrence, Punishment, and Confinement of Refugees at the U.S. Border." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1531228819388801.
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Paynter, Jonathan L. (Jonathan Lawrence). "Optimized border interdiction." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/91296.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Operations Research Center, 2014.Thesis: S.M. in Technology and Policy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2014.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
"June 2014." Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 139-141).
A feature of many conflicts is the presence of a border that separates an area of on-going military operations from an area that the enemy can use permissively. This thesis considers analytic techniques for planning military operations designed to interdict enemy forces crossing the border. Specifically, this thesis presents optimization-based methods for scheduling patrolling units and for positioning ground sensors in support of those patrolling units. These methods could serve as the framework for a tactical-level decision support tool designed to assist military planners assigned to border regions with resource allocation recommendations and trade-off comparisons. We propose tractable mixed integer optimization formulations for these solutions based on a network model of the routes in the region, operational constraints on the abilities of the patrolling units, and estimates of enemy force movements. Additionally, we develop robust extensions to these formulations that allow the model to account for a degree of enemy intelligence by incorporating the uncertain nature of the enemy movement estimates into the formulation. We evaluate the solutions to these formulations using simulations that account for different realizations of the uncertain enemy movement. This includes cases where the realized enemy movement closely matches the estimates made in the model and cases where the realizations are very different from the model. Additionally, we provide a modified greedy heuristic to the scheduling formulation that can serve as a tool for dynamically retasking a patrol to interdict enemy forces in real-time after a sensor detects enemy movement. Current planning for these operations are conducted by a staff with no decision making analytic tools. We approximate a version of this current planning method with an algorithm and show that our method outperforms it with both the deterministic and robust formulations. We compare the deterministic and robust formulations and demonstrate a process for choosing between the formulations, along with an explanation of the utility of the robust formulation.
by Jonathan L. Paynter.
S.M.
S.M. in Technology and Policy
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Zanger, Maggy. "The Border Coalition." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/295711.
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Atwood, Cynthia. "Border security agency structure: a hindrance to demonstrating border security success." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/38874.
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CHDS State/LocalLong-awaited immigration reform may become a reality in 2013, as Congress debates the merits of a comprehensive overhaul. The primary criteria for triggering reforms in the Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act (S.744), involves demonstrated control of the Southwest border. The debate has been complicated, however, because only a few analysts and not the Department of Homeland Security itself have been able to produce acceptable metrics that illustrate success at enforcing border operations, at or between, the ports of entry.
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Fisher, Daniel Xavier Odhrasgair. "Border enacted : unpacking the everyday performances of border control and resistance." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/33041.
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For over a decade European governments have invested in technological systems to develop new forms of border security in their attempts to regulate migration. Numerous innovations have been designed in order to grant border agencies an unbroken vision of the borderspace, thus allowing states to continuously enact the border beyond their territorial boundaries. Meanwhile, other strategies have been designed in order to control the movements and actions of 'irregular migrants' and asylum seekers following their successful attempts at reaching the territorial boundaries of the European Union (EU). In this thesis I seek to tease apart these technocratic claims of omni-voyance and pervasive control by focusing on the everyday realities of border control and the ways in which these are negotiated and resisted by those who seek to evade them. To this aim, I approach the border by drawing on assemblage theory, as well as feminist geopolitics' attention to performance and embodiment. Such an approach re-centres attention on the human performances of border control, emphasises the agency of 'non-human' actors, foregrounds the messy realities of borderspaces, and engages with the multiplicity of borders. In applying this approach, I argue that the border should not be thought of as a static entity; neither in its location in space, nor in terms of the actors that perform it. Instead, I have oriented my approach towards conceptualising the border as in a constant state of becoming - with actors being continuously added to and subtracted from the security assemblages which constitute the border. In particular I focus on the ways in which 'non-state' actors are increasingly being coerced into performing the border and what the effects of this are on those who seek to evade its violent gaze. In order to put this approach to work, I employ a multi-sited ethnographic study of three European borderspaces: the Frontex headquarters in Warsaw, the Straits of Gibraltar and an anonymised city in the United Kingdom (UK). In Warsaw and the Straits of Gibraltar (specifically the cities of Algeciras and Ceuta) my research was focused on two border surveillance assemblages: (1) The European Border Surveillance System (EUROSUR) operated by Frontex and (2) Spain's Sistema Integrado de Vigilancia del Exterior (SIVE) maritime surveillance system. I argue that the 'messiness' of the borderspace proves too complex for the surveillance system to control, the vision produced through SIVE being fragmented and stuttered through both human and technological flaws. I also highlight how securing the border is as much a temporal negotiation as it is a spatial one; the struggle for control over the borderspace comprising a contest of speed. The effect is a geography of the border that foregrounds the 'little details' of borderwork; exposing the flaws behind a scopic narrative that claims unceasing vision and an unhindered reach. While in Ceuta I also challenged the formal performances of the enclave as a 'humanitarian space'. Indeed, I argue that it is as a result of framing the enclave's detention centre as a reception centre for humanitarianism that irregular migrants can be detained in the autonomous city indefinitely. Yet the actors that perform the borders of the enclave do so in an untidy alliance which regularly springs leaks. I also discuss the tactics of the migrants who have made it to the enclave and who now seek to leave it again. In particular I note how their tactics of resistance have become entangled with the bordering strategies specific to the enclave. I also question the extent to which the border enclave and the specific identities forged by the migrants who pass through it will remain with them as they pass through future checkpoints of the European border - the evidence of their time spent in Ceuta locked in their fingertips. In the anonymised city in the UK my aims were to question the reach of the state into the everyday lives of asylum seekers. While the lives of asylum seekers are often described as being in 'limbo', I sought to question the temporalities and materialities of urban living for people stuck in the asylum system. I argue that the strategies used by the UK Home Office are intended to limit the movements and actions of asylum seekers in the city through securitising the support that asylum seekers are entitled to. I focus on the ways in which the border is carried by asylum seekers in the city through their use of ARC and Azure cards, especially, and the ways in which these cards serve to 'fix' people with the negative qualities and stereotypes associated with asylum seekers. Through volunteering for a group offering solidarity support to asylum seekers in the city, I also argue that this strategy of limiting movements can be resisted. Like the tactics encountered in Ceuta, however, these tactics frequently become entangled in the strategies of border control.
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Soto, Gabriella, and Gabriella Soto. "The Border Enforcement "Funnel Effect": A Material Culture Approach to Border Security on the Arizona-Sonora Border, 2000-Present." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626749.
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Nearly two decades have passed since the strategic border security paradigm known as “prevention through deterrence” (PTD) took root in the landscape of Southern Arizona. The aim of PTD was to deter illicit migration by strategically amassing border security forces to funnel migrants into increasingly remote and treacherous territory where they would face increased risk. Indeed, risk was to be the prime factor of deterrence. Thousands of undocumented migrants died attempting to overcome those risks in an outcome known as the “funnel effect,” wherein migration patterns shifted to overcome bypass and overcome border security.
When speaking about PTD taking root in southern Arizona, I mean that this geography is the locus of the funnel effect and has been since 2001. Southern Arizona represents the longest stretch of border walling in the United States and the highest concentrations of border security personnel and undocumented migration activity since the early 2000s. In this sense, this region is a useful point of focus for evaluating the outcomes and efficacy of the border security apparatus. Here, the PTD strategy has been physically tethered to the landscape as border security infrastructure has literally been dug into the ground. With the hundreds of border security infrastructure and wall projects have also come the hundreds of clandestine trails routed around them used by undocumented migrants, and hundreds of tons of left behind migrant survival materials like backpacks, water bottles, blankets, and rosaries. Over the years while border security has expanded, the evidence associated with migration has shifted in turn reflecting a dialectical engagement between the formal border security apparatus and the informal politics of migrants. While many scholars have studied either border security or the risks faced by migrants, few have looked at their mutual influence over time.
This dissertation incorporated a multidisciplinary methodological approach, including ethnography, archival research, archaeology, and GIS technology. These methods allowed me to answer the following questions: What are the social and material effects of border enforcement policy on the ground? How have these changed over the 15 years of concentrated border enforcement in this area, both geographically and in terms of their volume and constitution? What are the stories, the experiences, and the tangible points on the landscape that mark these processes? I viewed the material signature of migration as a form of ruins both literally and metaphorically as they mark the scars of abandonment, loss, and failure. Following Walter Benjamin, I conceived of such ruins as an indictment of the political conditions that led to their formation. In the spirit of Benjamin, I also prioritized this form of marginalized material evidence. Questions of memory and materiality were also entwined with realities of absence and a search for fragmentary traces. I encountered this reality constantly in fieldwork, as when a place known to have been a major clandestine travel corridor for migration was often found completely cleared of all evidence of use. I also routinely walked past coordinates where migrant bodies were recovered, and where no evidence of that tragedy was left.
A dialectical approach also highlighted how much more accessible and visible the actions related to the implementation of the United States border security were in relation to those of migrants. Further, the material evidence associated with migration was actively being removed, often as an environmental hazard. Thus, this project also came to encompass questions about the process of historical creation and heritage. Among those who live and work in the borderlands, this contemporary situation was already largely conceptualized in terms of its heritage potential. Will we remember this episode in history as we remember the Berlin Wall, or Japanese internment camps in the United States, as many of the border residents who participated in my project speculated? Certain public land managers along the border anticipated that their heritage future may well be as lands associated with the migration experience, circa the turn of the 21st century. It is acknowledged that this is a dark chapter of history. But, how does one curate history in the making?
All of this inextricably links to issues of power. This is the power to decide what is culturally valuable or relevant, as well as the power to define historical narratives as they are made. Border security itself is about maintaining U.S. sovereignty, while defining the value of migrant lives and deaths as the border is secured. This is also a set of values that prioritizes border security over reform to the system that could facilitate labor migration. There is also a hierarchy to what survives between the monumental architecture of border security and the ephemeral tools and structures of clandestine migration. The latter are hidden and actively decaying while the former will stand the test of time. This dissertation analyzes the informal and the fragmentary side by side with the formal and monumental. What do decaying survival materials dropped by undocumented migrants, decaying migrant bodies in the wilderness, and hundreds of miles of clandestine smuggler trails in one of the most highly secured borderlands in one of the most powerful countries in the world say about power here? On a practical level, the accumulated evidence are read as an indictment of border security, revealing that the building of walls and surveillance structures have not stopped migration, though they have led to increasingly imperiled migrant journeys.
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Norman, Emma Spenner. "Navigating bordered geographies : water governance along the Canada - United States border." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/6348.
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This thesis investigates the rescaling of transboundary water governance across the Canada – U.S. border, focusing on three regional case studies: the Shared Waters Alliance, the Salish Sea Aboriginal Council, and the International Joint Commission Watershed Initiative. The case studies employ qualitative data drawn from interviews, participant observation, and quantitative data drawn from a comprehensive dataset that I created on transboundary water governance mechanisms over the period 1910 to the present.
The analysis of the empirical material outlined above enables me to intervene in current debates over scale, governance, and borders, through mobilizing three bodies of literature: environmental governance, the politics of scale, and the social construction of borders. The resulting theoretical framework – which focuses on the rescaling of environmental governance within borderlands – contains three key conceptual claims. First, I argue that studying environmental governance at the site of the border helps to move discussions beyond a nation-state framework – challenging what Agnew refers to as the territorial trap. This is important given the nation-state focus of a significant proportion of the literature on environmental governance, an obvious over-sight considering the tendency of environmental issues (such as air and water pollution) to transcend national borders.
Secondly, I argue that drawing on the “politics of scale” literature can offer new insights into processes of rescaling of environmental governance, specifically through interrogating local governance capacity in the context of devolution of environmental governance. In particular, my analysis challenges (often implicit) assumptions regarding the capacity of local actors to participate effectively in multi-scalar governance processes.
Third, I argue that closer attention to borders can help refine critical assessments of transboundary environmental governance. Specifically, I suggest that all borders (even seemingly “natural” ones) are part of cultural construction and wider politics of power that help define and redefine the landscape. Pursuant to this, I explore how discursive (often-jingoistic) strategies are deployed to entrench borders – both physically and discursively. Understanding transboundary governance of water, in other words, requires close attention to the cultural politics of the border.
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Skaarup, Mette. ""It's to Protect the Country!": The Everyday Performance of Border Security in Sweden." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22450.
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In response to the humanitarian crisis of 2015, Sweden introduced ‘temporary’ bordercontrols. The increasingly permanent controls warrant critical assessment and raise urgentquestions: How is border security exercised in practice? What is the relationship betweenintent and practices on the ground? Which logics drive the border control? This studyexplores these questions through in-depth interviews with border guards andethnographic field observations conducted at Hyllie station. Applying Foucault’s conceptof biopolitics and Walters’ image of the border-as-firewall, the study critically probes thepractices of border security and the logics that underpin it. The study argues that theSwedish border control acts as a (biopolitical) firewall. Yet, this conceptual frameworkalone cannot account for the multiple logics, rationalities, and objectives that intersectand drive the project of border control. The analysis suggests that biopolitics framessecurity as a rather monolithic, omnipotent performance of overarching state objectives.In reality, the exercise of border control is assembled ad hoc, constrained by the limits ofavailable resources of the Swedish police and mediated by the agency of individual borderguards. Finally, the study reflects on the exclusionary logic embedded in the practices ofborder control and stakes out paths for future research.
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Schwan, Michael J. "Border cracks: approaching border security from a complexity theory and systems perspective." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/27901.
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Presently, U.S. border security endeavors are compartmentalized, fragmented, and poorly coordinated. Moreover, international collaborations are extremely limited; success hinges on effective international cooperation. This thesis addresses U.S. border security management using complexity theory and a systems approach, incorporating both borders and all associated border security institutions simultaneously. Border security research has rarely viewed all stakeholders as a holistic unit up to this point, nor has border security been thoroughly examined using a systems approach. This research scrutinizes the current U.S. border security paradigm in an attempt to determine the systemic reasons why the system is ineffective in securing U.S. borders. Additionally, the research investigates the current level of international cooperation between the United States, Canada, and Mexico. This thesis increases awareness and will possibly create dissent among established agencies, which is the first step in instituting needed changes that will ultimately increase North American security. The thesis contends that the establishment of a tri-nationalUnited States, Canadian, and Mexicanborder security agency, in addition to legalizing drugs and reestablishing a guest worker program, will be more effective and cost-efficient in securing North American borders.
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Wisaijorn, Thanachate. "Riverine border practices : people's everyday lives on the Thai-Lao Mekong border." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2018. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/33733.
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Pluralities of people s crossings of the Mekong Thai-Lao border occur as locals subvert, reject, ignore, and embrace the logic of the national border. From a state-centric point of view, the everyday movements of these people, who rely mainly on a subsistence economy and have their own modes of crossing, are undocumented. I argue that people s mobility co-exists with the practice of sedentary assumption. The aim of this thesis is to promote theory related to the Third Space in Borderland Studies by the presentation and analysis of people s pluralities in border-crossings. The borderland area of Khong Chiam (Thailand)-Sanasomboun (Lao PDR) is the location of an in-between state in which spatial negotiations, temporal negotiations, and negotiations of political subjectivities contribute to the nature of mobility in the Third Space. To achieve the objective of this thesis, ethnographic methodology was used over six months of fieldwork from March to September 2016, and included participant observations, interviews and essay-readings that involved 110 participants in the borderland site. People s movements across the Mekong River border occur daily without formal state approval. From the perspective of the Thai Ban, the river is a lived space in which they catch food and use for transport. However, their interpretation of the Mekong as the state boundary does not completely disappear. This thesis examines the everyday banal pluralities of the Thai Ban s border-crossings by weaving together the three concepts of space, temporality, and negotiations of political subjectivities. The spatial and temporal negotiations involved in the border-crossings shape and are shaped by this other interpretation of the Mekong as a lived space, and different political subjectivities contribute to the pluralities of the crossings. The presentation of these pluralities of border-crossings adds to Borderland Studies specifically and the social sciences in general in the development of an understanding of the Third Space. As this thesis focuses on people s mobility at quasi-state checkpoints and in areas along the Mekong Thai-Lao border with no border checkpoints, it is suggested that future research examines the everyday practices of border-crossings at land borders.
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Herold, Fredrick W. "Total Border Security Surveillance." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/605061.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 18-21, 2004 / Town & Country Resort, San Diego, CaliforniaThis paper describes a system of Total Border Surveillance, which is cost effective, closes existing gaps and is less manpower intensive than the current techniques. The system utilizes a fleet of commercially available aircraft converted to unmanned capability, existing GPS and surveillance systems and autonomous ground stations to provide the desired coverage.
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Brigham, Lindy Andersen 1951. "Root border cell differentiation." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/290689.
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The inability of a plant to run from danger or seek nutrients necessitates its capacity to change the environment of the surrounding soil for protection and sustenance. A unique plant process, the release of thousands of autonomous cells from the root cap, called root border cells, may play a role in the ability of the plant to regulate microbial populations and nutrient availability in the rhizosphere. In this study, evidence is presented showing that root border cells are a differentiated tissue, that the production of border cells is highly regulated and tied to cell turnover in the root cap and that products of border cells regulate cell division in the root cap meristem. In vivo labeling experiments demonstrate that 13% of the proteins that are abundant in preparations from border cells are undetectable in root tip cells. Differences between the two cell populations are apparent as soon as border cells separate from each other, even when they are still adhered to the root tip. Twenty-five percent of the proteins synthesized by border cells in a 1-hour period are rapidly excreted into the incubation medium. Border cells arise within the root cap meristem by cell division and their production is tightly regulated both developmentally and in response to border cell removal. Removal of border cells results in the induction of cell division in the transverse root cap meristem to 400% of the basal rate within 30 minutes. This elevated rate of mitosis is maintained for 1.5 h and falls to basal levels within 6 hours. During this time, mitosis in the root apical meristem remains constant. mRNA differential display analysis showed changes in gene expression in the root cap within 5 to 15 minutes of removal of border cells. Genes putatively involved in cell functions in three regions of the cap showed expected distribution patterns by in situ hybridization and RNA blot analysis revealed changes in their expression patterns were seen in response to border cell removal. The presence of border cells acts as an inhibitor to continued mitosis and border cell production in the root cap. Evidence from fractionation studies shows that a heat stable, protease insensitive molecule in the range of 25 to 80 kDa, produced by the border cells themselves, is responsible for this inhibition.
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Joerger, Melanie Jean. "Mortality in the United States’ border regions : a closer look at the U.S.-Mexico and U.S.-Canada borders." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/23467.
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Mestrado Bolonha em Actuarial ScienceThe objective of this thesis is to explore the mortality trends in the United States’ border regions. Using the Center of Disease Control and Prevention’s WONDER database, we examine overall mortality from 1999-2019 through the calculation of standardized mortality ratios for the border region versus the non-border areas. We analyse sub-populations of the border by state, ethnicity, and cause of death, and we use varying combinations of confounders in our standardization including age, gender, and cause of death. The findings confirm significant differences between the border and non-border regions, with opposite results at each border. When accounting for all confounders, the border region at the Mexican border (SMR = 0.958) has lower mortality than the non- border region (SMR = 1.011), and at the Canada border, the border region (SMR = 1.033) has higher mortality than the non-border region (SMR = 0.985). In this manner, the county of residence and proximity to the border could be a useful contributor to mortality estimations.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Cfir, Dolev. "A model of Border Patrol to support optimal operation of border surveillance sensors." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Dec%5FCfir.pdf.
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黃美珊 and Mei-shan Wong. "Crossing the world's busiest border for knowledge: cross-border students in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31972615.
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Zivan, Noga. "Working the border : contact and cooperation in the border region, Ireland 1949-1972." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670144.
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Wong, Mei-shan. "Crossing the world's busiest border for knowledge : cross-border students in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B24534183.
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Radu, Cosmin Gabriel. "The cross-border mobility apparatus and the making of the Romania-Serbia border." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.738232.
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Gordon, Aaron Andrew. "Spaces and geographers of the 'Smart Border" : technologies and discourses of Canada's post 911 borders." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99592.
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This study investigates Canada's border security policy, practices and technologies and the discourses in which they function, to better understand the U.S-Canadian "Smart Border" and the post-9/11 geographies of the nation-state. With the erasure of economic and military borders and the erection of new security-oriented police borders, Canada's "Smart Border" is no longer at the edges of territory but is a series of spaces reproduced in and outside of Canada through technologies such as the passport, immigration and anti-terrorism legislation, security agencies, monuments, and maps. The "Smart Border" perpetuates colonial distinctions and projects as a site of tension between the national construction of Canadian identities, policing technologies and the enforcement of a global apartheid that restricts access to political and economic resources by enforcing a regime of differential access to mobility. As a site of resistance, the "Smart Border" is also a space from which to displace colonial-national genealogies.
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Berndt, George E. "Border jumping: strategic and operational considerations in planning cross-border raids against insurgent sanctuaries." Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/34628.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedCross-border ground raids by state-backed security forces can have a detrimental impact on guerrillas ability to wage war. External support in neighboring countries can be an important source of strength to insurgent forces. However, cross-border raids and their security gains come at a political cost. This thesis examines the conflicts in Malaya (19461950), Nicaragua (19811990), Algeria (19541962), Namibia (19601989), South Vietnam (19601975), and Afghanistan (19781992) to identify operational and strategic-level considerations in planning cross-border operations to reduce the political costs of such operations. The study examines the relationship between security gains and political costs, including subsets of factors intrinsic to both variables. The research presents lessons applicable to the contemporary counterterrorism environment and suggests how military and political counterinsurgents can combine lines of effort in conducting cross-border operations against external insurgent sanctuaries.
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Carr, Alan. "Regional joint border commands a pathway to improving collaboration and effectiveness for border control /." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Dec/09Dec%5FCarr.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2009.Thesis Advisor(s): Supinski, Stanley. Second Reader: Bach, Robert. "December 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 29, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Joint regional border commands, collaboration, border control, border security, regionalization, U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP). Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-81). Also available in print.
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Piekielek, Jessica. "Public Wildlands at the U.S.-Mexico border: where conservation, migration, and border enforcement collide." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194340.
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This dissertation examines changing relationships among natural landscapes and state agencies, as these relationships intersect in transboundary protected wildlands and in debates about natural resource protection and U.S.-Mexico border policy. Recent increases in undocumented migration, smuggling, and border enforcement along the Arizona-Sonora border impact ecology and public land management practices. In this dissertation, I analyze how natural and national spaces and boundaries are produced through institutional and individual practices and discourses in border wildlands. Further, I consider how different productions of space restrict or create opportunities for collaborative responses to ecological impacts resulting from migration, smuggling, and border enforcement. This research builds on anthropological scholarship on conservation, borders, and the production of space through an ethnography of conservation institutions as they face dramatic political and ecological changes in the U.S.-Mexico borderlands.
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Carius, de Barros Karina. "THE KARELIA CROSS-BORDER COOPERATION PROGRAMME : A soft space on the Finnish-Russian hard borders." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för fysisk planering, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-16751.
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The study analyzes the Karelia cross-border cooperation programme and its activity under the theoretical framework of soft spaces, exploring the processes through which it overcomes the administrative and political boundaries of the Finnish-Russian ‘hard borders’. The ability of these cross-border areas to cooperate may appear to conflict with the geopolitical context in which they are embedded. The historical path, however, reveals a process where conflicts over changes of borders and political scenarios coexisted with the sharing of spatial identities and development challenges. The study demonstrates how stakeholders are motivated both by functional needs of cooperation towards regional development, as well as desires to change existent practices in the Russian side. Through informal and semi-formal processes of negotiation employed by several stakeholders, the regions attempt to overcome the clashes between EU, Finnish and Russian political and administrative discourses. Thus, it is argued that the cross-border cooperation programme constitutes a soft space in-between regional, national and supranational levels, as well as an enabler of other soft spaces in the local crossborder level.
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Finch, Jessie K. "Legal Borders, Racial/Ethnic Boundaries: Operation Streamline and Identity Processes on the US-México Border." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/578902.
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How do individuals navigate situations in which their work-role identity is put in competition with social identities of race/ethnicity, nationality, or citizenship/generational status? This research uses a controversial criminal court procedure (Operation Streamline) as an optimal setting to understand the strategies employed by lawyers and judges who manage such delicate identity processes. I examine how legal professionals assign salience to their various identities while developing a perspective of competing identity management that builds on and further integrates prior sociological research on identity. In particular, Latino/a judges and lawyers who participate in Operation Streamline (OSL) take on a specific work-related role identity that entails assisting in the conviction and sentencing of border-crossers with whom they share one social identity—race/ethnicity—but do not share another social identity—citizenship. I systematically assess identity management strategies used by lawyers and judges to manage these multiple competing identities while seeking to comprehend under what circumstances these identities affect legal professionals' job-related interactions. In this dissertation, I demonstrate that Latino/a lawyers and judges involved with OSL manage their potentially competing social and role identities differently than non-Latino/as whose social identities do not compete with their role identities, demonstrating variation between racial/ethnic social identities. I also find that some Latino/a lawyers and judges (those with higher racial/ethnic social identity salience) involved with OSL manage their potentially competing social and role identities differently than other Latino/a lawyers and judges (those with higher racial/ethnic social identity salience), demonstrating variation within racial/ethnic social identity based on the social identity of citizenship/generational status. Finally, I demonstrate that situationality is a factor in identity management because a shared social identity with defendants seems to be useful in the daily work of Latino/a lawyers and judges, but often detrimental in how they are perceived by outsiders such as activists and the media. From this case, we can take the findings and begin to create an outline for a new theory of competing identity management, integrating prior literatures on social and role identities. I have been able to elaborate mechanisms of some identity management processes while also developing grounded hypotheses on which to base future research. My research also contributes to improving how the criminal justice system deals with sensitive racial/ethnic issues surrounding immigration crimes and en masse proceedings such as OSL. Because proposed "comprehensive immigration reform" includes expanding programs like OSL, my research to understand the broader effects of the program on legal professionals is especially important not only to social scientists but to society at large. The fact that there is a difference in identity management strategies for Latino/a and non-Latino/a respondents helps demonstrate there is in fact an underlying racial tension present in Operation Streamline.
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Trippl, Michaela. "Cross-Border Regional Innovation Systems." Institut für Regional- und Umweltwirtschaft, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2006. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1110/1/document.pdf.
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In the past decade, the literature on regional innovation systems (RIS) has considerably enhanced our understanding of the critical role played by geographical proximity and local institutional conditions for the production of new knowledge and its economic exploitation. Regional innovation systems have been investigated for different types of regions, including high- tech centres, old industrial zones, and peripheral areas. In most cases, however, both theoretical and empirical work has focussed on RIS situated within a national context. Little research has been done so far on cross-border RIS. This paper is a first attempt to explore conceptually whether the theoretical approach of regional innovation systems can be applied to cross-border settings. We will investigate some critical conditions for the emergence of transfrontier innovation systems and argue that cross-border areas differ enormously regarding their capacity to develop an integrated inno vation space. (author's abstract)Series: SRE - Discussion Papers
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Eed, Rafat. "Saudi-Egyptian Cross-Border Interconnection." Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School, 2015. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/etd/330.
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In 2013, The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia had a US$1.6 Billion deal to link the kingdom with Egypt via a 3,000MW- interconnection power grid. Unfortunately, the project has not been implemented on the ground because of the technical consideration. The principal objective of this paper is to provide a proper technical suggestion that will help to implement The Saudi- Egyptian Cross-Border Interconnections Power Network on the ground using systems engineering process.
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Angelucci, M. "Border enforcement, aid and migration." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2005. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444495/.
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This thesis addresses the issue of policy effects on domestic and international migration, considering in particular the case of Mexican migration. The first essay investigates the effect of U.S. border enforcement on the net flow of Mexican undocumented migration. Such effect is theoretically ambiguous, given that increases in border controls deter prospective migrants from cross ing the border illegally, but lengthen the U.S. permanence of current ones. It estimates border enforcement's net impact on migration inflow using a sample of potential and current illegal migrants. U.S. border enforcement significantly reduces the net flow of undocumented migration. However, the reduction in net flow is more than half the size of the decrease in inflow. The second essay models the short and medium-run impact of aid on migration, considering alternatively the effect of unconditional and conditional cash transfers to financially constrained households. Data from the evaluation of a Mexican development program, Progresa, are used to estimate the effect of the grant on migration. The empirical analysis shows that the program is associated with an increase in international migration, which is also a positive function of the potential transfer size. Conditional grants in the form of secondary school subsidies reduce the short-term migration probability. Progresa does not seem to increase medium-term migration. The final chapter reviews the approaches employed to estimate Treatment on the Treated Effects (TTEs) using experimental data in the presence of non-compliers. It discusses the types of parameters that can be identified using the Progresa data. It uncovers new parameters that have not been estimated so far, based on the fact that a group of eligible households did not receive the program transfer in the initial stages of its implementation. It proposes alternative estimating procedures to identify counterfactuals in the presence of non-compliers for users of the Progresa data. It complements the theoretical part with an empirical application by estimating the effect of Progresa on school enrolment.
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Hale, Kenneth Michael. "Social and professional border lines /." The Ohio State University, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487867541732232.
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Bolt, Julie Elizabeth. "Border pedagogy for democratic practice." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289996.
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Border Pedagogy for Democratic Practice articulates a pedagogy that awakens a more nuanced political consciousness, a sense of empathy and agency about social justice, and an increased comfort with ambiguities, for both student and teacher. By combining a theory of border pedagogy (developed by Henry Giroux, Peter McLaren, Renato Rosaldo and others), with tenets from cultural studies, postcolonial literary theory and critical pedagogy/literacy, I argue for a new understanding in the way we teach diverse texts, an understanding that can be applied to the ongoing shifts in history and culture, and local and global politics. The first section historicizes, explores and synthesizes the major theorists and questions from which my framework arises. In the second chapter I analyze the border texts of Sherman Alexie, Rigoberta Menchu, and Guillermo Gomez-Pena, which I find useful in classroom exploration of border theory. In the final section, I offer models of courses each designed with the intent of facilitating an environment for critical literacy, political agency and "border thought," including the courses "Contemporary American Indian Literature," "Critical Thinking" and "The Arts in Society." My hope is that border pedagogy for democratic practice will encourage active citizenship in the interest of social justice.
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Blackburn, John D. (John Daniel). "United States-Mexican border zone." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291812.
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The regulation of people and products moving between the United States and Mexico, most visible along their 2,000 mile-long boundary, also depends on the complementary function of a series of border zones. Located adjacent to the boundary, they form part of each country's administrative attempts to balance national interests and the particular needs of the border area. The boundary, limit of national sovereignty, allows a certain degree of interaction; border zones, while broadening the area of contact, impose some limitations upon it. The form and function of border zones have varied over time, just as administration of the boundary has adjusted to change. Since residents of Northern new Spain met participants of American westward expansion, the two central governments have used border zones to impose restrictions on the interchange. Mexico has feared its northern neighbor's territorial ambitions and economic power. Immigration and drugs from Mexico concern the United States.
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Abdel-Wahed, Aliaa. "Poétique de l’encadrement dans "La Mer Traversée" , "Des Arbres dans la Tête" et "L’italienne au Rucher" d’Hubert Nyssen." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO30081.
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La recherche étudie la poétique de l’encadrement dans trois œuvres du grand écrivain belge Hubert Nyssen, qui sont : La Mer traversée, L’Italienne au rucher et Des arbres dans la tête. Le mot « encadrement » désigne deux sens : le premier se situe du point de vue de la structure, de la bordure, du cadre ou de la frontière d’un texte ou d’un objet au sens concret. Sur le plan littéraire, on peut ajouter cette bordure à la structure externe du roman par des préfaces, des épilogues, des prologues qui constituent les seuils des récits.Le deuxième se situe du point de vue actionnel : il s’agit de maîtriser ou de posséder un sujet concret ou abstrait, ou encore la totalité de l’œuvre en procédant à des techniques qui contraignent le texte et empêchent sa fluidité telles que le dialogue, l’intertextualité, les différentes représentations limitées qui soumettent le récit à des contraintes discursives variées.Ce thème sera étudié à travers « sa poétique ». Ce terme est entendu au sens jakobsonien : la poétique désigne alors le sens esthétique du style ou du thème.L’encadrement sur les structures romanesques, les textes narratifs ou les éléments constitutifs du roman, le grand écrivain confère à son écriture francophone un nouvel élan et une nouvelle identité littéraire, distinguée par son originalité et sa spécificitéThe research studies the poetics of the frame in three novels of the big Belgian writer Hubert Nyssen, which are: THE CROSSED SEA, THE ITALIAN IN THE APIARY and THE TREES IN THE HEAD. The word "frame indicates two senses: the first one is situated from the point of view of the structure, of the border, of the frame or of the border of a text or an object in the concrete sense. On the literary plan, we can add this border to the structure extern of the novel by forewords, the epilogues, the prologues which establish the thresholds of narratives.The second is situated from the actionnel point of view: it is a question of mastering or of possessing a concrete or abstract subject, or still the totality of the work by proceeding to techniques which force the text and prevent its fluidity Such as the dialogue, the intertextualité, the various limited representations which subject the narrative to varied discursive constraints.This theme will be studied through «its poetics ". This term is understood through jakobson’s sense: the poetics indicates then the aesthetic sense of the style or the theme.The frame on the romantic structures, the narrative texts or the constituent elements of the novel, the big writer confers on its French-speaking writing a new moose(run-up) and a new literary identity, distinguished by its originality and its specificity
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Neal, William R. (William Russell). "Characteristics of Texas Border and Non-Border Banks and a Comparison of their Lending Practices." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278075/.
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This thesis presents a comparison of the loan to deposit ratios of Texas banks along the Mexican border and banks located throughout the rest of the state. Mean characteristics of the two groups (i.e. border and non-border groups) are presented. A multivariate regression model is used to examine the extent to which various operating ratios of the banks and differing economic conditions of the communities in which the banks are located help explain the loan to deposit ratios of the banks involved in this study. The model incorporates data from 1984-1989. No evidence was found to refute the hypothesis that Texas border banks have a lower loan to deposit ratio than their non-border counterparts. The evidence points to a need for developmental capital, supplied by some form of development bank.
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Duffy, Ryan. "Trouble along the Border: The Transformation of the U.S.-Mexican Border during the Nineteenth Century." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1374609923.
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Allen, Chris W. "Coast to coast and border to border : the influence of Jack Shelley on broadcast journalism /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9809666.
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Kirkbright, Suzanne. "Border and border experience : investigations into the philosophical and literary understanding of a German motif /." Frankfurt am Main ; Berlin ; Paris [etc.] : P. Lang, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb369957075.
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Chowdhury, Debdatta. "Marginal lives, peripheral practices : a study of border narratives along the West Bengal-Bangladesh border." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2014. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/8yq41/marginal-lives-peripheral-practices-a-study-of-border-narratives-along-the-west-bengal-bangladesh-border.
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The sovereign power of the state is in its most manifest form at its borders, embodied in the border guards, surveillance mechanisms and border regulations. But the negotiations between the border civilians and the state apparatuses are as integral to the understanding of the border milieu as are the state apparatuses themselves. This thesis looks at some aspects of border narratives with reference to the West Bengal- Bangladesh border, which has its genesis in the partition of Bengal in 1947. Secondary sources have been used in framing the research agendas, and field studies conducted in the border areas of West Bengal and Bangladesh have provided the evidence for the arguments made.
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Rose, Christi A. "Who is guarding Serbia's borders? as assessment of Serbia's progress in border security development and reform." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/5661.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.This study considers how Serbian border security sector reform illuminates questions of force and statecraft in a southern European nation. In 2006, Serbia became a member of the Partnership for Peace (PfP), a step toward a North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) membership; however, Serbia has indicated no intention to become a full NATO member. Also in 2006, Serbia entered into a Stabilization and Association Agreement (SAA) with the European Union (EU) as part of the process of accession to EU membership; however, Serbia must meet EU conditions regarding border security reform and must continue to cooperate with the International Criminal Tribunal for Yugoslavia (ICTY) for full membership to be realized. This thesis evaluates Serbia's continued efforts to integrate into the EU structures. It begins with a historical overview of the leadership, politics and reform of the Serbian security sector before the 21st century. It then explores the role of the international community, including Russia, in providing assistance to Serbia during the past decade. The thesis then focuses on Serbia's progress in border security development, Integrated Border Management (IBM), border guard reform and customs administration reform. This thesis argues that, despite the on-going efforts of the international community to integrate Serbia into the EU community, due to the unique political and social circumstances specific to Serbia regarding comprehensive reform of ethics and power, the continuing border security reform efforts in Serbia-and hence, EU membership-will most likely remain another decade in the future.
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Jiao, Wang. "Constructing European Identities, Guarding Borders : a discourse-ethnographic perspective on the EU's migration and border policy." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för kultur och samhälle, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-171253.
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Ordóñez, Karina J. "Modeling the U.S. border patrol Tucson sector for the deployment and operations of border security forces." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Mar%5FOrdonez.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2006.Thesis Advisor(s): Robert Bach, Moshe Kress. "March 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-72). Also available online.
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Ngeiywa, Benson K. "Deterring cross-border conflict in the Horn of Africa a case study of Kenya-Uganda border." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA483479.
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Thesis (M.S. in Defense Analysis)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2008.Thesis Advisor(s): Simons, Anna. "June 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on August 26, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-71). Also available in print.
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Eren, Yunus. "The impact of land border security on terrorism financing: Turkey's Southeast land border and the PKK." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/38924.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.Terrorism has become the one of the major threats facing many states. Understanding the potential sources of and preventing the financial support of terrorist organizations takes an important place in countering terrorism. This thesis focuses on the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) financing activities through the land border of Turkey. In doing so, this study mainly examines how the Turkish border security system can stop the trans-border financial activities of PKK along its land borders with Iran, Iraq and Syria. This thesis also takes the U.S. as a case study in terms of border security measures, and within that framework, makes recommendations for safeguarding Turkeys land borders to prevent financial activities of the PKK terrorist organization without affecting free trade and the economic flow of services. Presently, the Turkish border security system is fragmented and poorly coordinated. Border management is currently split between the army, gendarmerie, police and coast guard. Moreover, international and interdepartmental collaborations are extremely limited. The prevention of cross-border financial activities of the PKK might be accomplished by forming an independent border security agency, adopting modern international standards and the latest technological innovations, and sustaining international and interdepartmental cooperation.
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Forester, Andrea Blair Hernandez. "Nonstate actors and the open border policy: the border security case study of Nepal and India." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/44563.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedBoth scholars and politicians continually debate how to best address border security issues. As events such as 9/11 have proven, even when states implement a restricted border policy, that action may not be enough. It is the nonstate actors—individuals or organizations with significant political influence but not allied to any particular country or state—that significantly impact border relations. To better secure a border, whether restricted or open, these nonstate state actors must be maintained. This research examines three central border security issues: how and which nonstate actors influence the security of state borders, and whether countries can make borders more secure. The analysis focuses specifically on the bordering states of India and Nepal, two countries engaged in open border policy for military and economic reasons that, at the same time, face issues such as of transnational crime organizations, economic disparities, and political tension. Two case studies, one of an open border and one of a restricted border, provide a framework for analysis and recommendation for the challenges that Nepal and India face. At conclusion of this research, findings proved that it is indeed nonstate actors that have the most impact on border security. Despite open or restricted border policies being implemented, nonstate actors, such as criminal organizations, existed in the framing case studies as well as the border of Nepal and India. How each state chose to address these security issues varied. The U.S.-Mexico case study showed a restricted border where the U.S. enforced more security while Mexico implemented programs to improve border activity. The open border between Poland and Germany also saw an increase in criminal activity but used minimized use of border security. For India and Nepal the tools of a decent and valuable border security team are available to both these countries, but need to be implemented to better protect an open border.
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Ordonez, Karina J. "Modeling the U.S. border patrol Tucson sector for the deployment and operations of border security forces." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/2978.
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CHDS State/LocalIllegal cross-border activity is a severe homeland defense and security problem along the international Southwest border. The issue of illegal human smuggling is not new to the United States-Mexico border or to law enforcement agencies; however, the phenomenon is rising and human smugglers are adjusting to law enforcement tactics. This thesis has three objectives. First, it describes and identifies the fundamental dimensions of U.S. Border Patrol operations in the busiest, most vulnerable section of the border. Second, it integrates prominent border security factors into a mathematical predictive model -- the Arizona-Sonora Border (ASB) Model * that provides an illustration of possible border security operational strategies and the outcome apprehension probability of migrants given the implementation of various operational strategies. Last, this thesis seeks to provide a comprehensive picture of the complex dynamics along the USBP Tucson Sector. This picture highlights the primary challenges facing policymakers in developing innovative policies that will minimize illegal cross-border activity and secure the homeland.
Southwest Border Specialist, Arizona Office of Homeland Security
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Torres, Aguilera Raul F. "Venezuela and Colombia : border security issues /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1994. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA293439.
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Karlsson, Jimmy. "Border Gateway Protocol : Implementationer på stubnätverk." Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Humanities and Informatics, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-4062.
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Arbetet tar upp BGP-multihoming för mindre organisationer. Den jämför ett kommersiell alternativ mot open source-alternativ. Detta är för att se vad som krävs en av open source-lösning för ge konkurrens på routermarknaden, samt besparingar för organisationer som ska använda denna lösning.Praktiska och teoretiska jämförelser görs där Cisco-lösningar jämförs med OpenBGPD. Datan utifrån dessa tester används för att svara på problemfrågan. Sammanfattningsvis har open source produkter en fördel hårdvarumässigt på grund av lägre kostnader medan kommersiella har stora fördelar då de förlitar sig på nyare standarder.