Journal articles on the topic 'Border lesions'
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Nurrachman, Aga Satria, Farina Pramanik, Azhari Azhari, and Lusi Epsilawati. "Gambaran border dan periosteal reaction lesi rahang pada radiograf." Jurnal Radiologi Dentomaksilofasial Indonesia 4, no. 1 (May 10, 2020): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32793/jrdi.v4i1.477.
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Objectives: Understanding the differences of general signs and typical characteristics of a lesion in radiograph is constantly important for dentists to determine the nature of a lesion. Some signs that can be observed more specifically were the presence of periosteal reaction and the border of existing lesions. These differences may be taken into consideration to define the diagnosis and type of the lesion. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the radiographic features of periosteal reaction and border in jaw lesions.
Literature Review: This article is a literature review which discussed several articles relating to the radiographic features of border and periosteal reaction in various jaw lesions. Based on this review, there were different features of border, where each lesion had its own borderline that differs between cystic, benign and malignant properties. While the picture of periosteal reaction indicates the extent to which the lesion involves cortical tissue in the bone.
Conclusion: The conclusion is that the border image and periosteal reaction can be one of the typical markers in determining jaw lesions.
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Levick, W. R., and L. N. Thibos. "Neurophysiology of central retinal degeneration in cat." Visual Neuroscience 10, no. 3 (May 1993): 499–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800004715.
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AbstractReceptive fields of ganglion cells have been studied in cats possessing a chronic, arrested lesion of central retinal degeneration. Lesions were characterized by an ophthalmoscopically sharp border separating apparently normal retina from the region of the lesion. Under direct ophthalmoscopic guidance, a succession of recordings was obtained from ganglion cells having cell bodies at various positions relative to the lesion. Cells located more than 1 deg outside the ophthalmoscopic border had normal visual sensitivity as assessed by area-threshold experiments. Inside the lesion cells within 1 deg of the border had reduced sensitivity which often precluded functional classification by the usual visual tests. Ganglion cells located more than 1 deg inside the border of large lesions were blind and some had abnormal patterns of maintained discharge of action potentials. Nevertheless, the antidromic latencies of these blind cells fell into the familiar conduction groups (T1/T2/T3). Receptive-field maps of cells near the border of the lesion often appeared truncated, with the missing portion of the field covered by the lesion. These observations were consistent with the abnormal form of area-thresholdcurves. Altlhough the responsiveness of cells near the lesion was abnormally low for grating stimuli, cutoff spatial frequency and orientation bias of these cells were within normal limits.
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Yang, HA, MW Sweetingham, and WA Cowling. "The leaf infection process and resistance to Pleiochaeta setosa in three lupin species." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 47, no. 5 (1996): 787. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9960787.
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In field experiments in Western Australia, Lupinus albus cv. Kiev Mutant was very susceptible, L. angustifolius cv. Yorrel was susceptible, and L. luteus cv. Motiv 369 was resistant to brown spot caused by Pleiochaeta setosa. The process of leaf infection by P. setosa was examined on these 3 Lupinus species and cultivars. Field infection occurred on young plants almost exclusively on the lower side of leaves from conidia splashed from the soil. More conidia per cm2 leaf surface were deposited on Kiev Mutant than on Yorrel or Motiv 369. In humid chambers at 15�C, 94-98% of conidia germinated on all species after 24 h. On all species, appressorial formation began 6 h after inoculation, but fewer appressoria were formed on Motiv 369 (27% of germinated conidia) than on the other 2 species (average 55%) after 24 h. Leaf penetration was directly through the cuticle via appressoria with few stomata1 penetrations. Efficiency of lesion formation (expressed as the number of lesions produced per 100 conidia deposited) was greater on Kiev Mutant and Yorrel (8.3 and 7.2%) than on Motiv 369 (2.3%). More lesions per cm2 leaf area were produced on Kiev Mutant (2.4) than on Yorrel (0.7) or Motiv 369 (0.3), but average lesion size was similar in each variety. Lesions expanded from 200-250 8m at 3 days to > 500 8m radius at 16 days after inoculation. During lesion expansion, P. setosa hyphae grew 50-200 8m beyond the border of necrotic lesions on Kiev Mutant, remained at the border of lesions on Yorrel, and were 100-200 8m inside the border of lesions on Motiv 369. Lesions on the susceptible cultivars Kiev Mutant and Yorrel (but not Motiv 369) were surrounded by a large chlorotic halo up to 2 mm from the outside necrotic lesion border. More lesions per cm2 leaf area were required to cause defoliation in Motiv 369 than in Kiev Mutant and Yorrel. Brown spot resistance in Motiv 369 is expressed as a reduction in defoliation. This appears to result from reduced attachment of conidia, reduced efficiency of infection and lesion formation, restricted growth of mycelia in lesions, reduced chlorosis, and delayed leaf senescence. Fewer conidia were produced on defoliated leaves of Motiv 369 in field plots.
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Shaw, Robert K., Jennifer Cleary, Michael S. Murphy, Gad Frankel, and Stuart Knutton. "Interaction of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli with Human Intestinal Mucosa: Role of Effector Proteins in Brush Border Remodeling and Formation of Attaching and Effacing Lesions." Infection and Immunity 73, no. 2 (February 2005): 1243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.73.2.1243-1251.2005.
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ABSTRACT Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) strains deliver effector proteins Tir, EspB, Map, EspF, EspH, and EspG into host cells to induce brush border remodeling and produce attaching and effacing (A/E) lesions on small intestinal enterocytes. In this study, the role of individual EPEC effectors in brush border remodeling and A/E lesion formation was investigated with an in vitro human small intestinal organ culture model of EPEC infection and specific effector mutants. tir, map, espB, and espH mutants produced “footprint” phenotypes due to close bacterial adhesion but subsequent loss of bacteria; an espB mutant and other type III secretion system mutants induced a “noneffacing footprint” associated with intact brush border microvilli, whereas a tir mutant was able to efface microvilli resulting in an “effacing footprint”; map and espH mutants produced A/E lesions, but loss of bacteria resulted in a “pedestal footprint.” An espF mutant produced typical A/E lesions without associated microvillous elongation. An espG mutant was indistinguishable from the wild type. These observations indicate that Tir, Map, EspF, and EspH effectors play a role in brush border remodeling and production of mature A/E lesions.
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Hamed Jafari, Seyed, Mohammad Reza Sasani, Mohammad Javad Athari, Amin Dehdashtian, and Fereshte Bagheri. "Correlation of CT-scan findings of lung lesions and pathologic diagnosis." Journal of Lung, Pulmonary & Respiratory Research 6, no. 4 (July 15, 2019): 69–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jlprr.2019.06.00210.
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Background: we aimed to evaluate the features of lung nodules and masses in Ct scan that help to distinguish malignant lesions from benign ones. Method: The study was performed on 50 pulmonary lesions biopsied at the Shahid Faghih Hospital by an interventional radiologist. CT scan findings were evaluated by a radiologist and compared with pathologic outcomes. Data was entered into SPSS software and by Descriptive statistical methods of frequency and Roc curve analysis and Chi-squared test and T-test at the level of alpha 0.05 was analyzed. Results: The relationship between smoking and malignancy was determined in this study. There was no significance found in mean age and sex, lesion density and enhancement of benign and malignant nodules. Smooth border was mostly seen in benign lesions and lobulated and spiculated borders in malignant lesions. Popcorn calcification was in favor of benignity and calcification in periphery of lesion was in favor of malignancy. Cavity was mostly seen in benign lesions Conclusion: smoking and the spiculated or lobulated margins, calcification in the periphery of the lesion were associated with malignant lesions, and the smooth margin and popcorn calcification and cavity formation were mostly seen in benign lesions. Enhancement showed no significance.
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Alam, SK, EJ Feleppa, Mark Rondeau, A. Kalisz, and BS Garra. "Computer-Aided Diagnosis of Solid Breast Lesions Using an Ultrasonic Multi-Feature Analysis Procedure." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Physics 4, no. 1 (April 19, 2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmp.v4i1.14672.
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We have developed a family of quantitative descriptors in order to provide noninvasive, reliable means of distinguishing benign from malignant breast lesions. These include acoustic descriptors (echogenicity, heterogeneity, shadowing) and morphometric descriptors (area, aspect ratio, border irregularity, margin definition). These quantitative descriptors are designed to be independent of instrument properties and physician expertise. Our analysis included manual tracing of lesion boundaries and adjacent areas on grayscale images generated from RF data. To derive quantitative acoustic features, we computed spectral-parameter maps of radio-frequency (RF) echo signals (using a sliding-window Fourier analysis) of the lesion and adjacent areas. We quantified morphometric features by geometric and fractal analysis of traced lesion boundaries. Although no single parameter can reliably discriminate cancerous from non-cancerous breast lesions, multi-feature analysis provides excellent discrimination of cancerous and non-cancerous lesions. Our analysis of data acquired during routine ultrasonic examination of 130 biopsy-scheduled patients produced a receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUC) of 0.947±0.045. Lesion-margin definition, spiculation, and border irregularity were the most useful among the quantitative descriptors; some morphometric features (such as border irregularity) also were particularly effective in lesion classification. Our results are consistent with many of the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) breast-lesion-classification criteria in use today. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmp.v4i1.14672 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Physics Vol.4 No.1 2011 1-10
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Rosca, Elena Cecilia, and Mihaela Simu. "Border zone brain lesions due to neurotrichinosis." International Journal of Infectious Diseases 67 (February 2018): 43–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2017.12.011.
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Petruzzi, Massimo, Fedora della Vella, Guglielmo Campus, Dario Di Stasio, and Dorina Lauritano. "Lingual Lichenoid Lesion Due to Dental Amalgam Fillings: Case Report and Clinical Considerations." Applied Sciences 12, no. 24 (December 15, 2022): 12895. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122412895.
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Oral white lesions are quite common clinical conditions in clinical dental practice. They can be an expression of different diseases, so it is crucial to achieve a correct diagnosis to start an adequate treatment. However, differential diagnosis is not always easy because the clinical appearance of oral white lesions is often similar and non-pathognomonic. We report on a 42-year-old Caucasian woman who complained of a chronic white patch on the left border of her tongue. A provisional diagnosis of oral hairy leukoplakia was made, but the patient was HIV-negative and not immunocompromised. A patch test was performed to exclude an allergic reaction, which resulted negative. Two large amalgam fillings were removed, and the lesion regressed after two weeks, suggesting a diagnosis of oral lichenoid lesions. Amalgam-associated oral lichenoid lesions could be mistaken for hairy leukoplakia when located on the lateral border of the tongue. Patch tests for dental metal series are only sometimes helpful for a diagnosis of oral lichenoid lesions. Patients should follow a careful follow-up to monitor any neoplastic derailment of the lichenoid lesions.
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SCHULZ, Ricardo Teles, Lizandra Castilho FABIO, Matheus Cavalcante FRANCO, Sheila A. SIQUEIRA, Paulo SAKAI, and Fauze MALUF-FILHO. "Predictive features for histology of gastric subepithelial lesions." Arquivos de Gastroenterologia 54, no. 1 (March 2017): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-2803.2017v54n1-02.
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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Gastric subepithelial lesion is a relatively common diagnosis after routine upper endoscopy. The diagnostic workup of an undetermined gastric subepithelial lesion should take into consideration clinical and endoscopic features. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the association between patients' characteristics, endoscopic and echographic features with the histologic diagnosis of the gastric subepithelial lesions. METHODS This is a retrospective study with 55 patients, who were consecutively diagnosed with gastric subepithelial lesions, from October 2008 to August 2011. Patients' characteristics, endoscopic and echografic features of each gastric subepithelial lesion were analysed. Histologic diagnosis provided by EUS-guided fine needle aspiration or endoscopic/surgical resection was used as gold standard. RESULTS The probability of gastrointestinal stromal tumors to be located in the cardia was low (4.5%), while for leiomyoma it was high (>95%). In addition, there was a higher risk of gastrointestinal stromal tumors in patients older than 57 years (OR 8.9; 95% CI), with lesions ≥21 mm (OR 7.15; 95% CI), located at 4th layer (OR 18.8; 95% CI), with positive Doppler sign (OR 9; 95% CI), and irregular outer border (OR 7.75; 95% CI). CONCLUSION The location of gastric subepithelial lesions in the gastric cardia lowers the risk of gastrointestinal stromal tumors. While gastric subepithelial lesions occurring in elderly patients, located in the gastric body, with positive Doppler signal and irregular outer border increase the risk of gastrointestinal stromal tumors.
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Güngörmüş, Metin, and H. Murat Akgül. "Central Giant cell Granuloma of the Jaws: A Clinical and Radiologic Study." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 4, no. 3 (2003): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jcdp-4-3-87.
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Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study is to present the clinical and radiological features of 27 cases of central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) of the jaws. Materials and Methods This study was carried out on 27 cases diagnosed as CGCG, ranging in age from 8 to 70 years. The patient's age, sex, location of the lesion, expansion caused by the lesion, and greatest diameter were evaluated. Radiographs and radiological descriptions were studied for the features of border definition, radiopacity, locularity, root resorption, tooth displacement, and tooth association. Data were analyzed with Chi square test, Fisher's exact test, Mann Whitney U-test, and the Student t-test. Results It was determined 89% of CGCG occurred prior to the age of 40. Seventy-eight percent of the cases were females. In addition, it was observed that these lesions occurred primarily in the mandible mostly anterior to the molar region. It was determined most of the lesions were multilocular. Unilocular lesions averaged 23.75 mm and multilocular lesions were 53.00 mm. In 24 (89%) cases regular borders were seen, and in three cases diffuse borders were observed. There was bone expansion in 44% of the cases. The cases with bone expansion were 60.00 mm in average size, and the cases without bone expansion were 24.00 mm in average size. Seventy-eight percent of lesions were associated with teeth, and there was tooth displacement in 43% of these lesions. The lesions with tooth displacement were 18.33 mm in average size, and the lesions without tooth displacement were 44.00 mm in average size. Conclusions It was determined there is a significant correlation between the locularity, tooth displacement, and bone expansion with the size of the CGCG. Citation Güngörmüs M, Akgül HM. Central Giant Cell Granuloma of the Jaws: A Clinical and Radiologic Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2003 August;(4)3:087-097.
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Grimm, Johannes, Annika Beck, Juliane Nell, Julian Schmidberger, Andreas Hillenbrand, Ambros J. Beer, Balázs Dezsényi, et al. "Combining Computed Tomography and Histology Leads to an Evolutionary Concept of Hepatic Alveolar Echinococcosis." Pathogens 9, no. 8 (August 4, 2020): 634. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9080634.
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Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is caused by the intermediate stage of Echinococcus multilocularis. We aimed to correlate computed tomography (CT) data with histology to identify distinct characteristics for different lesion types. We classified 45 samples into five types with the Echinococcus multilocularis Ulm Classification for Computed Tomography (EMUC-CT). The various CT lesions exhibited significantly different histological parameters, which led us to propose a progression model. The initial lesion fit the CT type IV classification, which comprises a single necrotic area with the central located laminated layer, a larger distance between laminated layer and border zone, a small fibrotic peripheral zone, and few small particles of Echinococcus multilocularis (spems). Lesions could progress through CT types I, II, and III, characterized by shorter distances between laminated layer and border zone, more spems inside and surrounding the lesion, and a pronounced fibrotic rim (mostly in type III). Alternatively, lesions could converge to a highly calcified, regressive state (type V). Our results suggest that the CT types mark sequential stages of the infection, which progress over time. These distinct histological patterns advance the understanding of interactions between AE and human host; moreover, they might become prognostically and therapeutically relevant.
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Xue, Xing, Yong Yang, Qiang Huang, Feng Cui, Yuqing Lian, Siying Zhang, Linpeng Yao, et al. "Use of a Radiomics Model to Predict Tumor Invasiveness of Pulmonary Adenocarcinomas Appearing as Pulmonary Ground-Glass Nodules." BioMed Research International 2018 (June 13, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6803971.
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Background. It is important to distinguish the classification of lung adenocarcinoma. A radiomics model was developed to predict tumor invasiveness using quantitative and qualitative features of pulmonary ground-glass nodules (GGNs) on chest CT. Materials and Methods. A total of 599 GGNs [including 202 preinvasive lesions and 397 minimally invasive and invasive pulmonary adenocarcinomas (IPAs)] were evaluated using univariate, multivariate, and logistic regression analyses to construct a radiomics model that predicted invasiveness of GGNs. In primary cohort (comprised of patients scanned from August 2012 to July 2016), preinvasive lesions were distinguished from IPAs based on pure or mixed density (PM), lesion shape, lobulated border, and pleural retraction and 35 other quantitative parameters (P <0.05) using univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis showed that PM, lobulated border, pleural retraction, age, and fractal dimension (FD) were significantly different between preinvasive lesions and IPAs. After logistic regression analysis, PM and FD were used to develop a prediction nomogram. The validation cohort was comprised of patients scanned after Jan 2016. Results. The model showed good discrimination between preinvasive lesions and IPAs with an area under curve (AUC) of 0.76 [95% CI: 0.71 to 0.80] in ROC curve for the primary cohort. The nomogram also demonstrated good discrimination in the validation cohort with an AUC of 0.79 [95% CI: 0.71 to 0.88]. Conclusions. For GGNs, PM, lobulated border, pleural retraction, age, and FD were features discriminating preinvasive lesions from IPAs. The radiomics model based upon PM and FD may predict the invasiveness of pulmonary adenocarcinomas appearing as GGNs.
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Montorio, Daniela, Chiara Giuffrè, Elisabetta Miserocchi, Giulio Modorati, Riccardo Sacconi, Stefano Mercuri, Lea Querques, Giuseppe Querques, and Francesco Bandello. "Swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography in serpiginous choroiditis." British Journal of Ophthalmology 102, no. 7 (October 5, 2017): 991–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-310989.
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Background/AimsTo analyse choroidal vascular density of affected and non-affected areas in active and inactive serpiginouschoroiditis (SC) by means of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A).MethodsIn this cross-sectional and observational study, 22 eyes of 11 patients diagnosed with SC were included. All patients underwent blue-light fundus autofluorescence (spectralis Heidelberg retinalangiography+OCT) and swept-source OCT-A (AngioPlex Elite 9000 SS-OCT, Carl Zeiss Meditech) to analyse qualitative features and choroidal vessel density of areas considered affected, and the inner and the outer border of the lesions. Unaffected areas of otherwise healthy retina have also been studied.ResultsAll inactive inflammatory lesions were characterised by atrophy of choriocapillaris with an impairment of its detectable flow and greater visibility of choroidal vessels. On the other hand, all active inflammatory lesions showed an area of complete absence of decorrelation signal. The pathological border was characterised by a statistically significant lower choroidal vessel density compared with both the outer border and the unaffected area (0.650±0.113 vs 0.698±0.112, (p<0.001)). Although not statistically significant, vessel density of the outer border of inactive lesions was lower than vessel density of unaffected areas (0.650±0.113 vs 0.698±0.112, p=0.441). Active inflammatory lesions showed an area of complete absence of decorrelation signal at the level of the choriocapillaris and whole choroid.ConclusionOCT-A represents a new imaging technique that provides useful information about the leading changes of choroidal vascular network in active and inactive lesions of SC.
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Mews, I., M. Bergmann, S. Bunkowski, F. Gullotta, and W. Brück. "Oligodendrocyte and axon pathology in clinically silent multiple sclerosis lesions." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 4, no. 2 (April 1998): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135245859800400203.
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Oligodendrocyte and axon pathology was studied in 11 autopsy cases of clinically silent multiple sclerosis. A total of 54 lesions, either demyelinated or late remyelinated, were distributed through the whole brain and spinal cord with 39% of the lesions located in periventricular areas. Determination of axon density revealed an average reduction of 64% and 59% in demyelinated and remyelinated lesions with an extreme variation between different plaques and cases. Oligodendrocytes were identified by immunocytochemistry for myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) and in situ hybridization for proteolipid protein (PLP) mRNA. Oligodendrocytes were almost completely lost in demyelinated lesions; remyelinated lesions revealed preservation of a considerable number of oligodendrocytes within the lesions. At the border between plaques and the periplaque white matter, similar oligodendrocyte numbers as in remyelinated lesions were found. Different factors including lesion site, axonal preservation and remyelination may thus contribute to the clinical nonappearance of multiple sclerosis lesions.
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Boulineau, Theresa Marie, Lydia Andrews-Jones, and William Van Alstine. "Spontaneous Aortic Dissecting Hematoma in Two Dogs." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 17, no. 5 (September 2005): 492–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063870501700518.
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This report describes 2 cases of spontaneous aortic dissecting hematoma in young Border Collie and Border Collie crossbred dogs. Histology was performed in one of the cases involving an unusual splitting of the elastin present within the wall of the aorta, consistent with elastin dysplasia as described in Marfan syndrome in humans. The first case involved a young purebred Border Collie that died suddenly and the second case involved a Border Collie crossbred dog that died after a 1-month history of seizures. Gross lesions included pericardial tamponade with dissection of the ascending aorta in the former case and thoracic cavity hemorrhage, mediastinal hematoma, and aortic dissection in the latter. Histologic lesions in the case of the Border Collie crossbred dog included a dissecting hematoma of the ascending aorta with elastin dysplasia and right axillary arterial intimal proliferation.
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Kabaalioğlu, Adnan, Murat Alp Öztek, Uğur Kesimal, Kağan Çeken, Emel Durmaz, and Ali Apaydın. "Intrathyroidal ectopic thymus in children: a sonographic survey." Medical Ultrasonography 19, no. 2 (April 22, 2017): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.11152/mu-913.
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Aims: Intrathyroidal ectopic thymus (IET) is being increasingly reported in the radiology literature. Most of the reports are of individual cases or small series and prevalence and natural course of the pathology is not well known. The purpose of this study is to establish the prevalence of IET in children and report long term follow-up results.Material and methods: In 180 children who were examined by ultrasound (US) for other reasons, 7 patients were indentified with IET. Together with the other seven children who were already under follow-up for IET (diagnosed using US criteria), these 14 patients were followed up with US for 30 months. Size, shape, location, echotexture and internal echoes of the lesions were evaluated.Results: There were 16 lesions in 14 children. The most common appearance was a fusiform hypoechoic lesion, with punctate and linear internal echoes and well-defined but slightly irregular borders located posteriorly in the lower thirds of the thyroid. In follow-up, there were no changes in echotexture, shape or border. In 3 patients, the lesion became slightly smaller, in a 10-year-old boy slightly larger, and in an 11-year old boy the lesion disappeared. In a patient with bilateral lesions, one lesion slightly decreased in size.Conclusions: IET in children may be more common than thought. Its growth reflects that of a normal thymus. Awareness of this entity is important in order not to misdiagnose them, especially as papillary cancer, and to prevent unnecessary interventions.
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MESSADI, MHAMMED, ABDELHAFID BESSAID, and A. TALEB-AHMED. "SEGMENTATION OF DERMATOSCOPIC IMAGES USED FOR COMPUTER-AIDED DIAGNOSIS OF MELANOMA." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 10, no. 02 (June 2010): 213–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519410003344.
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In this paper, a methodological approach to the segmentation of tumours skin lesions in dermoscopy images is presented. Melanoma is the most malignant skin tumor, growing in melanocytes, the cells responsible for pigmentation. This type of cancer is nowadays increasing rapidly, its related mortality rate increases by more modest and inversely proportional to the thickness of the tumor. This rate can be decreased by an earlier detection and better prevention. In dermatoscopic images, the segmentation is essential to characterize the information shape of the lesion and also to locate the tumor for analysis. In this domain, we have evaluated several techniques for the segmentation of dermatoscopic images. All these methods do not exactly separate the lesion from the background. In this work a fast approach in border detection of dermoscopy pigmented skin lesions images based on the region growing algorithm is presented. This method is tested on a set of 60 dermoscopy images. The obtained results show that the presented method achieves both fast and accurate border detection.
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Zhou, Yu, Melvyn Smith, Lyndon Smith, and Robert Warr. "A new method describing border irregularity of pigmented lesions." Skin Research and Technology 16, no. 1 (February 2010): 66–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0846.2009.00403.x.
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van den Bosch, Aletta, Nina Fransen, Matthew Mason, Annemieke Johanna Rozemuller, Charlotte Teunissen, Joost Smolders, and Inge Huitinga. "Neurofilament Light Chain Levels in Multiple Sclerosis Correlate With Lesions Containing Foamy Macrophages and With Acute Axonal Damage." Neurology - Neuroimmunology Neuroinflammation 9, no. 3 (March 3, 2022): e1154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/nxi.0000000000001154.
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Background and ObjectivesTo investigate whether white matter lesion activity, acute axonal damage, and axonal density in MS associate with CSF neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels.MethodsOf 101 brain donors with MS (n = 92 progressive MS, n = 9 relapsing-remitting MS), ventricular CSF was collected, and NfL levels were measured. White matter lesions were classified as active, mixed, inactive, or remyelinated, and microglia/macrophage morphology in active and mixed lesions was classified as ramified, ameboid, or foamy. In addition, axonal density and acute axonal damage were assessed using Bielschowsky and amyloid precursor protein (APP) (immune)histochemistry.ResultsCSF NfL measurements of donors with recent (<1 year) or clinically silent stroke were excluded. CSF NfL levels correlated negatively with disease duration (p = 6.9e-3, r = 0.31). In donors without atrophy, CSF NfL levels correlated positively with the proportion of active and mixed lesions containing foamy microglia/macrophages (p = 9.85e-10 and p = 1.75e-3, respectively), but not with those containing ramified microglia. CSF NfL correlated negatively with proportions of inactive (p = 5.66e-3) and remyelinated lesions (p = 0.03). In the normal appearing pyramid tract, axonal density negatively correlated with CSF NfL levels (Bielschowsky, p = 0.02, r = −0.31), and the presence of acute axonal damage in lesions was related to higher NfL levels (APP, p = 1.17e-6). The amount of acute axonal damage was higher in active lesions with foamy microglia/macrophages and in the rim of mixed lesions with foamy microglia/macrophages when compared with active lesions containing ramified microglia/macrophages (p = 4.6e-3 and p = 0.02, respectively), the center and border of mixed lesions containing ramified microglia/macrophages (center: p = 4.6e-3, border, p = 4.6e-3, and n.s., p = 4.6e-3, respectively), the center of mixed lesions containing foamy microglia/macrophages (p = 4.6e-3 and p = 0.02, respectively), inactive lesions (p = 4.6e-3 and p = 4.6e-3, respectively), and remyelinated lesions (p = 0.03 and p = 0.04, respectively).DiscussionOur results demonstrated that active and mixed white matter MS lesions with foamy microglia show high acute axonal damage and correlate with elevated CSF NfL levels. Our data support the use of this biomarker to monitor inflammatory demyelinating lesion activity with axonal damage in MS.
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Heaven, T. J., A. R. Firestone, and F. F. Feagin. "Computer-based Image Analysis of Natural Approximal Caries on Radiographic Films." Journal of Dental Research 71, no. 3_suppl (April 1992): 846–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002203459207100s11.
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This paper reports on the development of computer software for automatic detection and measurement of approximal caries lesions on digital images obtained from radiographic films. If the program detects a lesion, it defines the lesion's border and measures and reports these lesion parameters: percent mineralization, area, maximum enamel penetration, and mean enamel penetration. Two experiments are reported; both were conducted with the use of extracted human premolar teeth. In the first experiment, thin sections were obtained from 13 approximal surfaces with caries lesions. Microradiographs were made of the sections, and software measurements of the lesions were obtained from the microradiographs. The software was able to separate the lesions into two groups: those that had penetrated less than 100% of the enamel and those that had penetrated 100% of the enamel. The software measurements agreed with evaluation of lesion penetration by polarized light microscopy of the thin sections. In the second experiment, simulated clinical radiographs were made of 16 approximal surfaces, 12 with lesions and four without. Thin sections were obtained for microradiography. Software was used for automatic detection and measurement of the lesions on both types of film. The ability of the software to detect the lesions on the clinical films was compared with that of 10 experienced clinicians. Correlations of the same parameter from the two types of radiographic films were statistically significant, 0.86 ≤ r ≤ 0.95 and p < 0.05. The coefficients of variation were low for both microradiographs, 0.4–2.3%, and for clinical films, 0.7–8.5%. A receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed for the clinicians and the software. The software was more accurate than the clinicians in deciding whether or not a lesion was present. In conclusion, under the conditions of this experiment, the software was able accurately to decide whether caries was present and, when present, to provide information about the extent of the lesion which was in good agreement with that from microradiographs.
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Wang, Ling, Fengna Qi, Lele Hao, and Honglei Sun. "Evaluation of P53 gene expression by immunohistochemistry to diagnosis oral precancerous lesions." Cellular and Molecular Biology 67, no. 3 (November 25, 2021): 158–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.14715/cmb/2021.67.3.24.
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Oral Precancerous lesions include leukoplakia, erythroplakia, and mucosa palate changes due to reverse smoking. Assessing the prevalence of these lesions in a cross-sectional study can be effective in the timely prevention and treatment of lesions, in any community. Hence, in the present study, evaluation of P53 gene expression was done by immunohistochemistry method to diagnosis oral precancerous lesions. For this purpose, 111 Chinese patients (54 women and 57 men) were selected for examination. The age range of these patients was 22 to 69 years, and their average age was 32.6 years. All patients were examined by one physician. Oral mucosa was used for immunohistochemical evaluations. All samples taken from patients' mucosa were evaluated by one pathologist under a light microscope. 80 cases of the 111 patients were smokers and 27 were non-smokers. Among the 80 smokers, 56.25% had leukoplakia, 3.75% had erythroplakia, and 40% had mucosa palate changes. Regarding non-smokers, 74.07% had leukoplakia and 25.93% had erythroplakia. None of the non-smokers had mucosa palate changes. In terms of the lesion location, in patients with leukoplakia 89.23%, and patients with erythroplakia 90% of the lesion was located in the cheek mucosa and buccal vestibule. Also, in patients with leukoplakia 9.23%, and patients with erythroplakia 10% of the lesion was located in the lips vestibular mucosa. Only 1.54% of leukoplakia had a lesion in the vermilion border, and none of the erythroplakia patients had a lesion on the vermilion border. 76 patients (68.46%) showed positive expression of the P53 gene. The expression level of the P53 gene did not show a significant relationship with age, and the genders did not have a statistically significant difference in terms of gene expression. The expression level of the P53 gene was 59.8% in leukoplakia, 70% in erythroplakia, and 40% in Mucosa palate changes. The present study showed that the evaluation of P53 gene expression was well able to detect oral precancerous lesions and their severity by increasing their expression rate.
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Jander, Sebastian, Matthias Kraemer, Michael Schroeter, Otto W. Witte, and Guido Stoll. "Lymphocytic Infiltration and Expression of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 in Photochemically Induced Ischemia of the Rat Cortex." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 15, no. 1 (January 1995): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.1995.5.
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The contribution of the immune system to the pathogenesis of ischemic lesions is still uncertain. We have analyzed leukocyte infiltration in photochemically induced focal ischemia of the rat parietal cortex by immunocytochemistry. Between 1 and 2 days after photothrombosis, CD5 + T cells adhered to subpial and cortical vessels and infiltrated the ischemic lesion prior to macrophages. By day 3 numerous T cells and some macrophages, whose number increased further between day 3 and day 7, had infiltrated the border zone around the lesion sparing the center. In addition, CD5–/CD8+ lymphocytes that probably represent natural killer cells were found. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) was expressed on endothelial cells on days 1 and 2 and in the border zone on infiltrating leukocytes from day 3 to day 7. Starting on day 7, macrophages infiltrated the core of the lesion to remove debris. When the entire lesion was covered by macrophages at day 14, the number of T cells had decreased and ICAM-1 immunoreactivity was no longer found in or around the infarct. In conclusion, our study shows that ischemic lesions can lead to a local immune reaction in the CNS. Thus, blocking of lymphocyte-derived cytokines or cell adhesionmolecules may provide a new approach to confining the sequelae of stroke.
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Kojima, Ikuho, Takashi Nishioka, Maya Sakamoto, Yuko Sai, Yushi Ezoe, Masahiro Iikubo, Hiroyuki Kumamoto, and Tetsu Takahashi. "Florid Cemento-Osseous Dysplasia-Associated Simple Bone Cyst Showing Marked Irregular Border and High Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Value." Case Reports in Dentistry 2020 (September 22, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8854428.
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A simple bone cyst (SBC) is an intrabone cavity without epithelial lining, which occasionally occur with fibrous-osseous lesions. The imaging finding of the scalloped border and conserving the lamina dura, periodontal ligament spaces, or follicular spaces are considered radiographically pathognomonic of SBC. SBC has been reported to occur with fibrous-osseous lesions, including cemento-osseous dysplasia (COD). Computed tomography (CT) imaging findings are sparse, and there are no reports of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, including apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value calculated by diffusion-weighted MRI for the florid COD-associated SBC. We report a case of a 39-year-old woman who was referred to our hospital because a panoramic radiograph of her right mandible showed asymptomatic radiolucency in the apical molar area. CT images showed a low-density lesion in the periapical areas of the right mandible, which accompanied a well-defined, high-density lesion, and a mixed low/high-density lesion with an unusual marked irregular border in the left mandible. The MRI showed cyst-like extremely hyperintense signals on fat-suppressed T2-weighted images at the right mandibular low-density and the left mandibular mixed low/high-density areas. ADC map showed high values (over 2.5×10−3 mm2/s) at the cystic areas in the bilateral mandible. We performed incisional biopsies of the bilateral mandibular lesions and resections of the bilateral maxillary lesions. Surgical and histopathological findings established a diagnosis of florid COD in the bilateral mandible and maxilla, simultaneously complicated by multiple SBCs in the bilateral mandible. The ADC value of cystic component is useful for the diagnosis, if the COD-associated SBC exhibits solitary, nonspecific, or rare imaging findings.
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Tomizawa, Minoru, Fuminobu Shinozaki, Yasufumi Motoyoshi, Takao Sugiyama, Shigenori Yamamoto, and Naoki Ishige. "Duodenal Adenocarcinoma Diagnosed from a Biopsy Specimen of a Depressed Lesion Obtained by Magnifying Endoscopy." Case Reports in Gastroenterology 10, no. 1 (May 4, 2016): 166–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000444441.
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Biopsies are necessary for the management of duodenal tumors. However, the most suitable targets for biopsy are not known. An 82-year-old woman who regularly visited our hospital for rheumatoid arthritis underwent abdominal ultrasonography. This screening revealed a dilated pancreatic duct. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography was performed, and dilatation of the pancreatic duct was confirmed. The patient underwent duodenoscopy to investigate the possibility of obstruction of the papilla of Vater. The examination revealed an elevated lesion around the papilla of Vater. Endoscopic ultrasonography and a 20-MHz mini-probe were used to investigate the depth of the invasion. The common bile and pancreatic ducts were intact. The mucosal and submucosal borders were indistinct; however, the border between the submucosa and muscularis propria was clear, suggesting that the muscularis propria was intact. Magnifying endoscopy was used to examine the surface of the elevated lesion, which revealed a depressed lesion. A biopsy specimen of the depressed lesion was taken, and the tumor was diagnosed as an adenocarcinoma. Another biopsy specimen from a non-depressed lesion was diagnosed as an adenoma. The patient was diagnosed with duodenal adenocarcinoma, and was recommended surgery. She declined surgery and was followed up for 34 months. Because it is possible for depressed lesions of duodenal tumors to be adenocarcinomas, biopsy specimens should be obtained from depressed lesions of duodenal tumors.
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Giardino, Antonello, Frank H. Miller, Bobby Kalb, Miguel Ramalho, Diego R. Martin, Karina Rodacki, John T. Woosley, and Richard C. Semelka. "Hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma: a report from three university centers." Radiologia Brasileira 49, no. 5 (October 2016): 288–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-3984.2015.0059.
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Abstract Objective: To determine common imaging findings of hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma on magnetic resonance images. Materials and Methods: A search was made of three institutional databases between January 2000 and August 2012. Seven patients (mean age, 47 years; range, 21-66 years; 6 women) with pathology-confirmed diagnosis of hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma who had undergone magnetic resonance imaging were identified. None of the patients had received any treatment for hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma at the time of the initial magnetic resonance imaging examination. Results: Hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma tumors appeared as focal masses in 7/7 patients, greater than 5 in number, with a coalescing lesion in 1/5, and peripheral localization in 6/7. Capsular retraction was present in 4/7, and was associated with peripherally located lesions. Early ring enhancement was appreciated in the majority of lesions in 7/7 patients. Centripetal progressive enhancement was shown in 5/7 patients on venous phase that exhibited a distinctive thick inner border of low signal on venous phase images, and a central core of delayed enhancement. Small lesions did not show this. Conclusion: The combination of multifocal round-configuration lesions that are predominantly peripheral and exhibit early peripheral ring enhancement and late appearance of an inner thick border of low signal and central core of high signal may represent an important feature for hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma.
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Peters, Rick D., Tharcisse Barasubiye, and Joanne Driscoll. "Dry Rot of Rutabaga Caused by Fusarium avenaceum." HortScience 42, no. 3 (June 2007): 737–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.42.3.737.
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The rutabaga, also known as the swede turnip, is grown on ≈2000 ha in Canada. During the spring of 2006, a grower in Prince Edward Island noticed an advanced level of decay in his stored rutabagas (cv. Thompson Laurentian). About 80% of the stored crop was affected. Lesions on the surface of affected roots were circular to ovate and ranged in size from 10 to 50 mm. The lesions were light brown, with dark borders and some concentric zones evident near the perimeter of the affected tissue. Root tissue within the lesions was shrunken and often wrinkled. Sectioning the root through the lesion revealed an internal advancing dry rot, with an irregular border and cavities that contained white mycelium. Isolation from diseased tissues yielded fungal cultures, which were determined to be Fusarium avenaceum using morphological and molecular criteria. Successful completion of Koch's postulates determined that F. avenaceum was indeed the causal agent of rutabaga dry rot. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of F. avenaceum causing disease in rutabaga in Prince Edward Island, and likely only the second observation of its occurrence in North America. Dry rot, incited by F. avenaceum, may need to be considered as part of the spectrum of postharvest pathogens of rutabaga.
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Yevcheva, Anhelina, Serhii Pukhlik, and Dilyana Vicheva. "Fluorescent border diagnosis and surgical treatment of the malignant process of external nose skin." Romanian Journal of Rhinology 12, no. 45 (March 1, 2022): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rjr-2022-0006.
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Abstract OBJECTIVE. The purpose of the study was to find out the diagnostic value of the Photolon® as a fluorescent visualization of the borders of malignant lesions of the external nose, with the aim of radical surgical removal of the tumor. MATERIAL AND METHODS. During the period from 2016 until 2018, 30 patients with malignant neoplasms of the external nose were examined and operated on in the Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Department. During the study, patients underwent surgical removal of tumors by using a complex of anemic Klein’s solution and fluorescent imaging of the lesion in 15 patients, while 15 patients were operated on without using Klein’s solution and fluorescent imaging. RESULTS. Observation in the postoperative period showed that, in the group of patients who underwent fluorescent imaging with adding anemic Klein’s solution, the postoperative period was satisfactory, and no signs of recurrence were observed. In the group operated on without fluorescent imaging and without conducting anemic Klein’s solution, after two years 4 (26.6%) patients were diagnosed with a superficial recurrence of skin cancer at the border of the cartilage and bone. CONCLUSION. The authors provide suggestions for the effectiveness of the use of a complex of fluorescent imaging of the border of the tumor lesion and prophylactic anemic solution in the surgical removal of the tumor of the outer nose.
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Guaragnella, Cataldo, and Maria Rizzi. "Simple and Accurate Border Detection Algorithm for Melanoma Computer Aided Diagnosis." Diagnostics 10, no. 6 (June 22, 2020): 423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10060423.
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The interest of the scientific community for computer aided skin lesion analysis and characterization has been increased during the last years for the growing incidence of melanoma among cancerous pathologies. The detection of melanoma in its early stage is essential for prognosis improvement and for guaranteeing a high five-year relative survival rate of patients. The clinical diagnosis of skin lesions is challenging and not trivial since it depends on human vision and physician experience and expertise. Therefore, a computer method that makes an accurate extraction of important details of skin lesion image can assist dermatologists in cancer detection. In particular, the border detection is a critical computer vision issue owing to the wide range of lesion shapes, sizes, colours and skin texture types. In this paper, an automatic and effective pigmented skin lesion segmentation method in dermoscopic image is presented. The proposed procedure is adopted to extract a mask of the lesion region without the adoption of other signal processing procedures for image improvement. A quantitative experimental evaluation has been performed on a publicly available database. The achieved results show the method validity and its high robustness towards irregular boundaries, smooth transition between lesion and skin, noise and artifact presence.
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Abbas, Qaisar, Irene Fondón, and Muhammad Rashid. "Unsupervised skin lesions border detection via two-dimensional image analysis." Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine 104, no. 3 (December 2011): e1-e15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2010.06.016.
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Tripathi, Richa, and Dana M. McTigue. "Prominent oligodendrocyte genesis along the border of spinal contusion lesions." Glia 55, no. 7 (2007): 698–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/glia.20491.
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Michalska, Magdalena. "ANALYSES OF SKIN LESION AREAS AFTER THRESHOLDING." Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska 10, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/iapgos.1603.
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Melanoma is one of the fastest spreading cancers. The aim of the article is to segment the skin lesions from human skin dermatoscopic images covered by melanoma. Threshold segmentation was used, which allows a single skin lesion to be analyzed. It shows the four areas of each based on their color. The created software monitors the border of skin lesion areas. Segmentation and analysis of the resulting images with different areas of skin change was carried out in the Matlab software.
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Kleczek, Pawel, Grzegorz Dyduch, Agnieszka Graczyk-Jarzynka, and Joanna Jaworek-Korjakowska. "A New Approach to Border Irregularity Assessment with Application in Skin Pathology." Applied Sciences 9, no. 10 (May 16, 2019): 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9102022.
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The border irregularity assessment of tissue structures is an important step in medical diagnostics (e.g., in dermatoscopy, pathology, and cardiology). The diagnostic criteria based on the degree of uniformity and symmetry of border irregularities are particularly vital in dermatopathology, to distinguish between benign and malignant skin lesions. We propose a new method for the segmentation of individual border projections and measuring their morphometry. It is based mainly on analyzing the curvature of the object’s border to identify endpoints of projection bases, and on analyzing object’s skeleton in the graph representation to identify bases of projections and their location along the object’s main axis. The proposed segmentation method has been tested on 25 skin whole slide images of common melanocytic lesions. In total, 825 out of 992 (83%) manually segmented retes (projections of epidermis) were detected correctly and the Jaccard similarity coefficient for the task of detecting retes was 0.798. Experimental results verified the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Our method is particularly well suited for assessing the border irregularity of human epidermis and thus could help develop computer-aided diagnostic algorithms for skin cancer detection.
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Gutierrez, Juan E., Martin Rosenberg, Jörg Seemann, Josy Breuer, Daniel Haverstock, Jacob Agris, Thomas Balzer, and Nicoletta Anzalone. "Safety and Efficacy of Gadobutrol for Contrast-enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Central Nervous System: Results from a Multicenter, Double-blind, Randomized, Comparator Study." Magnetic Resonance Insights 8 (January 2015): MRI.S19794. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/mri.s19794.
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Purpose Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the central nervous system (CNS) with gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) is standard of care for CNS imaging and diagnosis because of the visualization of lesions that cause blood–brain barrier breakdown. Gadobutrol is a macrocyclic GBCA with high concentration and high relaxivity. The objective of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of gadobutrol 1.0 M vs unenhanced imaging and vs the approved macrocyclic agent gadoteridol 0.5 M at a dose of 0.1 mmol/kg bodyweight. Materials and Methods Prospective, multicenter, double-blind, crossover trial in patients who underwent unenhanced MRI followed by enhanced imaging with gadobutrol or gadoteridol. Three blinded readers assessed the magnetic resonance images. The primary efficacy variables included number of lesions detected, degree of lesion contrast-enhancement, lesion border delineation, and lesion internal morphology. Results Of the 402 treated patients, 390 patients received study drugs. Lesion contrast-enhancement, lesion border delineation, and lesion internal morphology were superior for combined unenhanced/gadobutrol-enhanced imaging vs unenhanced imaging ( P < 0.0001 for all). Compared with gadoteridol, gadobutrol was non-inferior for all primary variables and superior for lesion contrast-enhancement, as well as sensitivity and accuracy for detection of malignant disease. The percentage of patients with at least one drug-related adverse event was similar for gadobutrol (10.0%) and gadoteridol (9.7%). Conclusion Gadobutrol is an effective and well-tolerated macrocyclic contrast agent for MRI of the CNS. Gadobutrol demonstrates greater contrast-enhancement and improved sensitivity and accuracy for detection of malignant disease than gadoteridol, likely because of its higher relaxivity.
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Klimi, Eleni, and Dionysia Vasdeki. "Acral purpura and pityriasis rosea-like eruption following COVID-19 infection." Our Dermatology Online 13, no. 3 (July 1, 2022): 324–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7241/ourd.20223.24.
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Sir, A 74-year-old female patient treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor for arterial hypertension with metformin and atorvastatin for insulin-independent diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia, respectively, consulted the outpatient dermatological clinic for a rash that appeared fifteen days prior to consultation. The patient received the second dose of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine on July 29, 2021, and was due to receive the third dose on December 29, yet she fell ill on day 6 of the same month, probably being infected by one of her grandchildren. The eruption consisted of erythematous, purpuric macules on the anterior face of both tibia (Fig. 1a), of a solitary papule on the left hand (Fig. 1b), and of erythematous papules with a scale on the border on the left buttock (Fig. 1c). A collarette formed on the trailing edge of the advancing border of the hand lesion, a clinical sign pathognomonic of pityriasis rosea. Intense pruritus accompanied the eruption. No herald patch was observed, nor lesions on the trunk, being the typical location of lesions of pityriasis rosea, while lesions on the hands are absent in the typical cases of the disease. The oral and genital mucosae were intact. The cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 include purpuric, chilblain, vesicular, urticarial, and pityriasis rosea-like lesions. Acral lesions are the most frequent location of the cutaneous manifestations associated with COVID-19 infection [1]. An acral distribution of lesions is a feature of mouth, hand, and foot disease due to infection with Coxsackie A16 virus [2], although no reactivation of this virus has been detected during the COVID-19 pandemic, while the reactivation of herpes 6 and herpes 7 virus associated with pityriasis rosea has occurred
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Almeida, Alessandra de Aragão, Camila de Souza Arantes, José Luiz Santos Parizi, and Gisele Alborghetti Nai. "Oral cavity verruciform xanthoma – the importance of total excision – report of two cases." Research, Society and Development 11, no. 1 (January 14, 2022): e53411125315. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i1.25315.
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Verruciform xanthoma is a relatively rare epithelial hyperplasia found in the oral mucosa, usually in the gingiva, alveolar mucosa and hard palate. However, it can also affect the skin and genital mucosa. This study aims to describe two cases of verruciform xanthoma and the importance of total excision of this lesion. The patients are two Caucasian females, 58 and 23 years old. On clinical examination, both had a somewhat verrucous lesion on the lateral border of the tongue. Surgical excision of the lesions was performed. The specimens were sent for anatomopathological examination, which showed epithelium with discrete parakeratosis, irregular acanthosis with epidermal crest elongation and an accumulation of numerous xanthomatous macrophages in the connective tissue, diagnosed as verruciform xanthoma. One of the patients had compromised surgical margins, in whom the lesion recurred. Although it is an uncommon lesion, verruciform xanthoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of verrucous (benign and malignant) lesions of the oral cavity, and total excision prevents the recurrence of this lesion.
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Onda, Toshiyuki, Osamu Honmou, Kuniaki Harada, Kiyohiro Houkin, Hirofumi Hamada, and Jeffery D. Kocsis. "Therapeutic Benefits by Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hMSCs) and Ang-1 Gene-Modified hMSCs after Cerebral Ischemia." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 28, no. 2 (July 18, 2007): 329–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9600527.
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Transplantation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) prepared from adult bone marrow has been reported to ameliorate functional deficits after cerebral artery occlusion in rats. Although several hypotheses to account for these therapeutic effects have been suggested, current thinking is that both neuroprotection and angiogenesis are primarily responsible. In this study, we compared the effects of hMSCs and angiopoietin-1 gene-modified hMSCs (Ang-hMSCs) intravenously infused into rats 6 h after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion. Magnetic resonance imaging and histologic analyses revealed that rats receiving hMSCs or Ang-hMSCs exhibited comparable reduction in gross lesion volume as compared with the control group. Although both cell types indeed improved angiogenesis near the border of the ischemic lesions, neovascularization and regional cerebral blood flow were greater in some border areas in Ang-hMSC group. Both hMSC- and Ang-hMSC-treated rats showed greater improved functional recovery in the treadmill stress test than did control rats, but the Ang-hMSC group was greater. These results indicate the intravenous administration of genetically modified hMSCs to express angiopoietin has a similar effect on reducing lesion volume as hMSCs, but the Ang-hMSC group showed enhanced regions of increased angiogenesis at the lesion border, and modest additional improvement in functional outcome.
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Gunawardena, Uvini, and Martha C. Hawes. "Tissue Specific Localization of Root Infection by Fungal Pathogens: Role of Root Border Cells." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 15, no. 11 (November 2002): 1128–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2002.15.11.1128.
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When roots of pea seedlings were inoculated uniformly with spores of Nectria haematocca or other pea pathogenic fungi, more than 90% developed lesions in the region of elongation within 3 days. More mature regions of most roots as well as the tip showed no visible signs of infection. Yet, microscopic observation revealed that ‘mantles,’ comprised of fungal hyphae intermeshed with populations of border cells, covered the tips of most roots. After physical detachment of the mantle, the underlying tip of most roots was found to be free of infection. Mantle-covered root tips did not respond to invasion of their border cells by activation of known defense genes unless there was invasion of the tip itself, as revealed by the presence of a lesion. Concomitant with the activation of defense genes was the induction of a cell-wall degrading enzyme whose expression is a marker for renewed production of border cells. Mantle formation did not occur in response to nonpathogens. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that border cells serve as a host-specific ‘decoy’ that protects root meristems by inhibiting fungal infection of the root tip.
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Mendez, Luis A., Sergio A. Flores, Ricardo Martinez, and Oslei Paes de Almeida. "Ulcerated Lesion of the Tongue as Manifestation of Systemic Coccidioidomycosis." Case Reports in Medicine 2017 (2017): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1489501.
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Systemic mycoses and their oral manifestations are very rare. We present a case of a 60-year-old man with an ulcerated lesion on the lateral border of the tongue. Histologic studies revealed a granulomatous fungal infection by Coccidioides immitis. After pharmacological treatment, the lesion resolved. Recently, northern Mexico has been reported to be an endemic zone of C. immitis infections; therefore it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of mouth lesions. A comprehensive clinical history, physical exploration, and complementary studies are essential for an accurate diagnosis.
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Wang, Liang, Hongju Kou, Wei Chen, Mingdong Lu, Lingling Zhou, and Chunpeng Zou. "The Diagnostic Value of Ultrasound in Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Comparison With Computed Tomography." Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment 19 (January 1, 2020): 153303382090583. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1533033820905832.
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Purpose: To explore the clinical value of ultrasound in the diagnosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma by comparing with enhanced computed tomography. Methods: This retrospective study was performed on 62 patients with pathologically confirmed medullary thyroid carcinoma. All patients underwent ultrasound and enhanced computed tomography examinations before surgery. The findings of the pathologic examination of resected specimens were considered as gold standard and were compared with the results of these 2 methods. Results: There were 73 medullary thyroid carcinoma lesions and 29 benign lesions in 62 patients. In all, 55 of 73 medullary thyroid carcinoma lesions and 27 of 29 benign lesions were correctly diagnosed by ultrasound; and 45 of 73 medullary thyroid carcinoma lesions and 24 of 29 benign lesions were correctly diagnosed by enhanced computed tomography. The accuracy of ultrasound and enhanced computed tomography was 80.4% and 67.6%, respectively. There was significant difference between 2 methods ( P < .05). Conclusions: Ultrasound can be used to observe the location, number, size, shape, border, internal echo, calcification, and blood flow of the lesion. It is a convenient, inexpensive, and nonradiative method with higher accuracy than enhanced computed tomography.
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Isobe, K., K. Adachi, S. Hayashi, T. Ito, A. Miyoshi, A. Kato, and M. Suzuki. "Spontaneous Glomerular and Tubulointerstitial Lesions in Common Marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)." Veterinary Pathology 49, no. 5 (December 8, 2011): 839–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300985811427151.
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Spontaneous progressive nephropathy dominated by glomerular lesions in common marmosets has been reported. However, the histopathologic characteristics, including the relationship between glomerular and tubulointerstitial lesions, have not been described in detail. In the present study, the authors examined the histopathologic characteristics of the background renal lesions in common marmosets (3 males and 9 females, 3 to 8 years old). The severity of glomerular lesions was graded into 3 classes: grade I, no alteration; grade II, hilar/focal increase of mesangial matrix; grade III, global/diffuse increase of mesangial matrix. Tubulointerstitial lesions (tubular regeneration and hyperplasia and interstitial inflammation and fibrosis) were scored according to the area of each lesion. The renal lesions were characterized by enlargement of glomeruli, expanded mesangial area with increase of periodic acid–Schiff reaction-positive matrix, tubular regeneration and hyperplasia, and interstitial inflammation and fibrosis. Glomerular lesions progressed with increasing mesangial matrix and aging. Additionally, the tubulointerstitial lesions became exacerbated with progressing glomerular lesions. Tubular hyperplasia was divided into 4 types according to the structure of the cell layer (simple or stratified-like), the area of increased lining cells (partial or entire), cytoplasmic staining (eosinophilic or basophilic), brush border and thickness of basement membrane, and the activity of cell proliferation. In conclusion, the background renal lesions in common marmosets were characterized by glomerular lesions with increase of mesangial matrix, which progressed with aging, and secondary tubulointerstitial lesions, including tubular hyperplasia. Those lesions were thus diagnosed as progressive glomerulonephropathy in common marmosets.
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Ueda, Yusuke, Hiroyuki Sugaya, Norimasa Takahashi, Keisuke Matsuki, Morihito Tokai, Shota Hoshika, Kazutomo Onishi, and Hiroshige Hamada. "Prevalence and Site of Rotator Cuff Lesions in Shoulders With Recurrent Anterior Instability in a Young Population." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 7, no. 6 (June 1, 2019): 232596711984987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967119849876.
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Background: Partial articular supraspinatus tendon avulsion (PASTA) lesions are often seen in shoulders of throwing athletes. PASTA lesions in anterior instability are also found in recurrent anterior glenohumeral instability. Purpose: To investigate the prevalence and location of rotator cuff tears (RCTs), including PASTA lesions, in shoulders with recurrent anterior instability. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A total of 842 shoulders in 801 patients with recurrent anterior instability (647 men, 154 women; mean age, 24 years; age range, 13-40 years) who underwent arthroscopic surgery at the age of 40 years or younger were enrolled. During surgery, the thickness and the sites of RCTs as well as patient factors associated with RCTs were examined. Results: RCTs were found in 57 shoulders (7%) in 56 patients. There were 4 shoulders with full-thickness RCTs and 53 shoulders with PASTA lesions. All lesions but 1 involved the anterior border of the supraspinatus (SSP). Participation in high-level athletics and older age at injury were associated with RCTs. Conclusion: The incidence of RCTs was 7% in shoulders with recurrent anterior instability at age 40 years or younger. Most RCTs were PASTA lesions that involved the anterior border of the SSP.
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Gunasti, Suhan, Mehmet Kamil Mulayim, Bilge Fettahloglu, Aydn Yucel, Refik Burgut, Yasar Sertdemir, and Varol Lutfu Aksungur. "Interrater agreement in rating of pigmented skin lesions for border irregularity." Melanoma Research 18, no. 4 (August 2008): 284–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/cmr.0b013e328307c25a.
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Lee, Tim K., David I. McLean, and M. Stella Atkins. "Irregularity index: A new border irregularity measure for cutaneous melanocytic lesions." Medical Image Analysis 7, no. 1 (March 2003): 47–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1361-8415(02)00090-7.
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de Miranda Marzullo, Ana Carolina, Osmar Pinto Neto, Renata Andrade Bitar, Herculano da Silva Martinho, and Airton Abrahão Martin. "FT-Raman Spectra of the Border of Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma Lesions." Photomedicine and Laser Surgery 25, no. 5 (October 2007): 455–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/pho.2007.2094.
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Cebeci, Filiz, Ayşegül Verim, Adnan Somay, and Emel Çalıkoğlu. "Verruciform Xanthoma of a Lower Lip Lesion: A New Case and Review of the Literature." Case Reports in Dermatology 9, no. 2 (August 17, 2017): 130–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000477961.
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A non-smoking man in his seventh decade presented with a lesion he had had for about 5 years on the right external surface of the lip 1 mm from the vermilion border. On physical examination, a yellowish-coloured, non-tender, verrucous mass of 0.5 × 0.7 cm was observed. A histopathological examination of the first 3-mm punch biopsy was non-diagnostic. The histopathological evaluation of a second, 5-mm-deep punch biopsy made by a pathology expert in oral lesions revealed a diagnosis of verruciform xanthoma. The key to the diagnosis of verruciform xanthoma is to recognize xanthoma cells. However, these cells may be insufficient in number in small and superficial biopsy material and overlooked by a pathologist especially when lacking knowledge of this uncommon lesion. Verruciform xanthoma of the lower lip at the vermilion border is an extremely rare entity described in 5 cases worldwide to date. We aimed to bring verruciform xanthoma to readers’ attention for a differential diagnosis of lower lip diseases and to prevent overdiagnosis and overtreatment of this lesion unfamiliar to otorhinolaryngologists.
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Park, Hye Sun, Hee Jung Shin, Ki Chang Shin, Joo Hee Cha, Eun Young Chae, Woo Jung Choi, and Hak Hee Kim. "Comparison of peritumoral stromal tissue stiffness obtained by shear wave elastography between benign and malignant breast lesions." Acta Radiologica 59, no. 10 (January 23, 2018): 1168–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0284185117753728.
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Background Aggressive breast cancers produce abnormal peritumoral stiff areas, which can differ between benign and malignant lesions and between different subtypes of breast cancer. Purpose To compare the tissue stiffness of the inner tumor, tumor border, and peritumoral stroma (PS) between benign and malignant breast masses by shear wave elastography (SWE). Material and Methods We enrolled 133 consecutive patients who underwent preoperative SWE. Using OsiriX commercial software, we generated multiple 2-mm regions of interest (ROIs) in a linear arrangement on the inner tumor, tumor border, and PS. We obtained the mean elasticity value (Emean) of each ROI, and compared the Emean between benign and malignant tumors. Odds ratios (ORs) for prediction of malignancy were calculated. Subgroup analyses were performed among tumor subtypes. Results There were 85 malignant and 48 benign masses. The Emean of the tumor border and PS were significantly different between benign and malignant masses ( P < 0.05 for all). ORs for malignancy were 1.06, 1.08, 1.05, and 1.04 for stiffness of the tumor border, proximal PS, middle PS, and distal PS, respectively ( P < 0.05 for all). Malignant masses with a stiff rim were significantly larger than malignant masses without a stiff rim, and were more commonly associated with the luminal B and triple negative subtypes. Conclusion Stiffness of the tumor border and PS obtained by SWE were significantly different between benign and malignant masses. Malignant masses with a stiff rim were larger in size and associated with more aggressive pathologic subtypes.
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Spinella, Giuseppe, Benedetta Davoli, Vincenzo Musella, and Ludovica Dragone. "Observational Study on Lameness Recovery in 10 Dogs Affected by Iliopsoas Injury and Submitted to a Physiotherapeutic Approach." Animals 11, no. 2 (February 6, 2021): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11020419.
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This preliminary study has investigated the outcome of physiotherapy in 10 dogs affected by a primary lesion of the iliopsoas muscle and the potential effects of sex, age, and breed on recovery. Ten dogs with primary injury of the iliopsoas muscle were retrospectively included in this study. Dogs were submitted to a rehabilitation program, characterized by a multimodal approach, including physical therapies and modalities. After recovery, patients were submitted to a further support period of rehabilitation to promote muscle strengthening and limit injury recurrence during their return to normal functional and sports activity. Border collies were highly represented. The recovery of lameness occurred after a mean of 22.6 ± 14.7 (median 18) days with a median number of five sessions. None of the examined variables affected the recovery time, except for the border collie breed, which showed a significantly faster recovery time; however, there was no difference between the breeds with regard to the number of sessions. Multimodal rehabilitation therapy may promote lameness recovery of mild-to-moderate iliopsoas lesions within 3 weeks. This preliminary study reports a clinical approach and recovery of primary iliopsoas lesions, findings that can provide clinicians with useful prognostic information for dogs involved in sports activities.
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Holst, P. J., N. M. Fogarty, and D. F. Stanley. "Birth weights, meningeal lesions, and survival of diverse genotypes of lambs from Merino and crossbred ewes." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 53, no. 2 (2002): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar01046.
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The survival of 3530 lambs of 6 diverse genotypes (Poll Dorset, Texel, Border Leicester, and Merino sires) from Merino and Border Leicester Merino ewes was studied over 3 years at Cowra in New South Wales. Some of the matings involved laparoscopic insemination, which allowed gestation length to be recorded. Each mating group lambed in separate, adjacent paddocks, and birth weights, gestation length, lamb survival, and lamb autopsy data were collected. Breed of ewe significantly affected birth weight and gestation length. Lambs from Merino ewes were 0.3 kg lighter than those from Border Leicester Merino ewes and had a 2 days longer gestation. Both birth weight and gestation length varied significantly between years. Lamb losses to 3 days post partum were 11.3%, 20.8%, and 46.2% for singles, twins, and triplets, respectively. Meningeal lesions and presentation difficulties were associated with 66.6% of all deaths. The high incidence of lesions contrasts with a negligible incidence in some reports involving lean ewes and it is concluded that fatness of ewe may be implicated.
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Umegaki, Eiji, Hiraku Misawa, Osamu Handa, Hiroshi Matsumoto, and Akiko Shiotani. "Linked Color Imaging for Stomach." Diagnostics 13, no. 3 (January 27, 2023): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13030467.
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Image-enhanced endoscopy (IEE) plays an important role in the detection and further examination of gastritis and early gastric cancer (EGC). Linked color imaging (LCI) is also useful for detecting and evaluating gastritis, gastric intestinal metaplasia as a pre-cancerous lesion, and EGC. LCI provides a clear excellent endoscopic view of the atrophic border and the demarcation line under various conditions of gastritis. We could recognize gastritis as the lesions of the diffuse redness to purple color area with LCI. On the other hand, EGCs are recognized as the lesions of the orange-red, orange, or orange-white color area in the lesion of the purple color area, which is the surround atrophic mucosa with LCI. With further prospective randomized studies, we will be able to evaluate the diagnosis ability for EGC by IEE, and it will be necessary to evaluate the role of WLI/IEE and the additional effects of the diagnostic ability by adding IEE to WLI in future.
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Schiffbauer, Hagen, Paul Ferrari, Howard A. Rowley, Mitchel S. Berger, and Timothy P. L. Roberts. "Functional Activity within Brain Tumors: A Magnetic Source Imaging Study." Neurosurgery 49, no. 6 (December 1, 2001): 1313–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006123-200112000-00005.
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ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To determine whether low-grade gliomas contain functional cortical activity more often than high-grade gliomas within radiologically defined abnormal tissue. METHODS Patients with intra-axial cerebral lesions located in the vicinity of eloquent brain cortex preoperatively underwent magnetic source imaging. A dual 37-channel biomagnetometer was used to perform the imaging. Evoked magnetic fields were analyzed using the single-equivalent dipole representation to ascertain the neuronal source. Stimuli included painless tactile somatosensory stimulation of fingers, toes, and lips and auditory presentation of pure sinusoidal tones. RESULTS A retrospective analysis of 106 nonconsecutively treated patients, who had undergone preoperative magnetic source imaging between February 1996 and December 1999, revealed that 24.5% of the patients had been at risk for neurological deficits, because functionally active tissue was located within or at the border of the tumor. Functional activity was found within the radiologically defined lesion in 18% of Grade 2 tumors, in 17% of Grade 3 tumors, and in 8% of Grade 4 tumors. CONCLUSION The results confirm that, regardless of tumor grade, intra-axial brain tumors may involve or directly border on functional cortex. The degree of involvement of functionally viable cortex appeared greater for low-grade tumors than for high-grade lesions. On the other hand, high-grade lesions were more likely to be associated with functional cortex at their margins or within peritumoral edema. To safely maximize tumor resection, preoperative functional imaging and intraoperative electrophysiological mapping of the cerebral cortex and the white matter tracts are deemed necessary.