Journal articles: 'Borana pastoral system'

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Cossins, Noel J., and Martin Upton. "The Borana pastoral system of Southern Ethiopia." Agricultural Systems 25, no. 3 (January 1987): 199–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-521x(87)90020-5.

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Cossins, Noel J., and Martin Upton. "Options for improvement of the Borana Pastoral System." Agricultural Systems 27, no. 4 (January 1988): 251–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-521x(88)90035-2.

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Kumbe, Adem. "Study on Bovine Mastitis under Different Management in Pastoral and Agro-Pastoral Areas of Borana Zone, Southern Ethiopia." Open Access Journal of Veterinary Science & Research 5, no. 1 (2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajvsr-16000192.

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A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of bovine mastitis, associated potential risk factors and major etiological agents of clinical and sub clinical mastitis under different management condition of pastoral, agro-pastoral, ranch and farm by using California mastitis test and bacteriology. A total of 384 lactating Borana cows in Did-tuyura ranch, Yabello Pastoral and dryland agriculture research center (YPDARC) dairy farm and three districts namely Gomole, Moyale and Yabello of Borana zone were included in the study. The study revealed that overall prevalence of mastitis were 47.4 % (182/384); out of which 12 % (46/384) clinical and 35.4 % (136/384) sub-clinical mastitis whereas prevalence at quarter level was 21.48% (330/1536) of which 3% (46/1536) and 18.48% (284/1536) were clinical and sub-clinical form respectively. From the total examined quarter, 3.5% (53) of quarters had blind quarter. Prevalence in pastoral and agro-pastoral herding system (extensive management system) at cow level and quarter level were 18.9% and 10.9% respectively while prevalence in Did-tuyura ranch and YPDARC dairy farm herding system (semi-intensive) were 20% and 7% at cow level and quarter level respectively. The prevalence of mastitis significantly (P<0.05) differed with parity, stage of lactation and body condition of lactating animals. From 330 California Mastitis Test (CMT) and clinically positive milk samples there was growth of bacteria on culture media observed only in 155 (46.97%). Out of this Staphylococcus aureus accounted for 59 (38.06%) isolates followed by Streptococcus species 33 (21.29%) and Coagulase negative Staphylococcus 30 (19.35%). Due to lack of proper managements of different risk factors major pathogenic microorganisms are isolated. Proper preventive and control strategy, awareness creation on key factors of mastitis, Regular screening and culling of chronically infected cows should be practiced.

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Cossins, Noel J., and Martin Upton. "The impact of climatic variation on the Borana pastoral system." Agricultural Systems 27, no. 2 (January 1988): 117–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-521x(88)90025-x.

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Wario, Hussein T., Hassan G. Roba, Mareike Aufderheide, and Brigitte Kaufmann. "Reproductive performance and herd growth potentials of cattle in the Borana pastoral system, southern Ethiopia." Animal Production Science 57, no. 1 (2017): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an15215.

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The pastoral communities in the Borana rangelands of southern Ethiopia mainly rely on cattle (Bos indicus) for their livelihoods. The reproductive performance of cattle is affected by environmental variability and mobility practices that affect fodder availability. This study was conducted to investigate the reproductive performances and herd growth potentials of cattle reared in three ecologically varied zones of Golbo, Malbe and Dirre in the Borana rangelands with different levels of mobility constraints. Using the progeny history technique we gathered life histories of 95, 44, and 138 breeding females and their 411, 203, and 448 calves from the pastoral zones of Golbo, Malbe and Dirre, respectively. The average number of breeding females per household showed a declining trend over the past 10 years. The age at first calving was 53 ± 1 (mean ± s.e.), 52 ± 2 and 56 ± 1 months for the cows from Golbo, Malbe and Dirre, respectively. The mean calving interval was 18. ± 0 for Golbo, 17 ± 0 for Malbe and 19 ± 0 for Dirre. The average number of calves per cow was 3.8 ± 0.1 and was highest in Golbo. Dirre had the lowest calving rate and higher calf mortality than Malbe and Golbo. A simulation of herd growth showed that in Golbo and Malbe the average number of females were 100% higher after 20 years than in Dirre. It is concluded that reduced pastoral mobility that affected resource access across ecological zones can compromise the reproductive performance and hence the growth potential of cattle populations. These findings underscore the importance of policy frameworks such as those by the African Union that call for upholding of pastoral land rights and enabling of mobility practices.

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Tolera, Teferi, and Feyera Senbeta. "Pastoral system in the face of climate variability: household adaptation strategies in Borana Rangelands, Southern Ethiopia." Environment, Development and Sustainability 22, no. 4 (March 11, 2019): 3133–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10668-019-00339-y.

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Dirriba, Mengistu, Tefera Simbone, and Biru Bely. "Pastoral farming system and its temporal shift: A case of Borana zone, Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia." African Journal of Agricultural Research 16, no. 9 (September 30, 2020): 1233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajar2018.13847.

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Rufael, T., A. Catley, A. Bogale, M. Sahle, and Y. Shiferaw. "Foot and mouth disease in the Borana pastoral system, southern Ethiopia and implications for livelihoods and international trade." Tropical Animal Health and Production 40, no. 1 (September 2, 2007): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11250-007-9049-6.

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Wario, Hussein T., Hassan G. Roba, and Brigitte Kaufmann. "Responding to mobility constraints: Recent shifts in resource use practices and herding strategies in the Borana pastoral system, southern Ethiopia." Journal of Arid Environments 127 (April 2016): 222–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2015.12.005.

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MEGERSA, B., D. BIFFA, F. ABUNNA, A. REGASSA, J. GODFROID, and E. SKJERVE. "Seroepidemiological study of livestock brucellosis in a pastoral region." Epidemiology and Infection 140, no. 5 (July 27, 2011): 887–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268811001178.

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SUMMARYA seroepidemiological study of Brucella infections in multiple livestock species in the Borana pastoral system of Ethiopia was performed between December 2007 and October 2008. A cross-sectional multi-stage sampling technique was employed to select 575 cattle, 1073 camels and 1248 goats from the target populations. Sera were collected from the animals, and serially tested using Rose Bengal test and complement fixation test. Overall prevalence and prevalence with respect to explanatory variables were established, and potential risk factors for seropositivity were analysed using a multivariable logistic regression. The results showed that 8·0% (95% CI 6·0–10·6), 1·8% (95% CI 1·1–2·8) and 1·6% (95% CI 1·0–2·5) of the tested cattle, camels and goats, respectively, had antibodies to Brucella antigen. Positive reactors were found in 93·8% of the villages with more frequent detection of positive cattle (93·3%) than camels (56·3%) and goats (37·5%). Risk factors identified for cattle were: keeping more livestock species at household level (OR 4·1, 95% CI 1·9–8·9), increasing age of the animal (OR 2·8, 95% CI 1·3–6·0) and wet season (OR 3·3, 95% CI 1·6–6·9). Increase in household-level species composition (OR 4·1, 95% CI 1·2–14·2) and wet season (OR 3·7, 95% CI 1·5–9·1) were found to be risk factors for seropositivity in camels and goats, respectively. Existence of more than one seroreactor animal species in most villages and association of increased livestock species composition with seropositivity may add more credence to the possibility of cross-species transmission of Brucella infections. Although no attempt to isolate Brucella spp. was made, our results suggest that cattle are more likely maintenance hosts of Brucella abortus which has spread to goats and camels. This should be substantiated by further isolation and identification of Brucella organisms to trace the source of infection and transmission dynamics in various hosts kept under mixed conditions. In conclusion, the present study suggests the need for investigating a feasible control intervention and raising public awareness on prevention methods of human exposure to brucellosis.

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Bayssa, Merga, Sintayehu Yigrem, Simret Betsha, and Adugna Tolera. "Production, reproduction and some adaptation characteristics of Boran cattle breed under changing climate: A systematic review and meta-analysis." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 28, 2021): e0244836. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244836.

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Introduction Climate change affects livestock production and productivity, which could threaten livestock-based food security in pastoral and agro-pastoral production systems of the tropics and sub-tropics. Boran cattle breed is one of the hardiest Zebu cattle reared by Borana Oromo pastoralists for milk and meat production. However, there is limited comprensive information on production, reproduction and adaption traits of the Boran cattle in Ethiopia. Thus, this paper aims to compile the main production, reproduction and some adaptation traits of Boran cattle based on systematic review and meta-analysis of peer reviewed published and unpublished literature. Methodology A combination of systematic review and meta-analysis based on PRISMA guideline was employed. Accordingly, out of 646 recorded articles identified through database searching, 64 were found to be eligible for production, reproduction and adaptation characteristics of the Boran cattle, 28 articles were included in qualitative systematic review while 36 articles were used for quantitative meta-analysis. Result The Boran cattle breed has the ability to survive, produce and reproduce under high ambient temperature, utilize low quality forage resources, and resist water shortage or long watering intervals and tick infestations. The review revealed that the breed employs various adaptation responses (morphological, physiological, biochemical, metabolic, cellular and molecular responses) to cope with harsh environmental conditions including climate change, rangeland degradation, seasonal feed and water shortages and high incidences of tick infestations. The meta-analysis using a random-effects model allowed provision of pooled estimates of heritability and genetic correlations for reproduction and production traits, which could be used to solve genetic prediction equations under a population level in purebred Boran cattle. In addition, heritability and genetic-correlation estimates found in the present study suggest that there is high genetic variability for most traits in Boran cattle, and that genetic progress is possible for all studied traits in this breed. Conclusion The Boran cattle breed has the ability to survive, produce and reproduce under high ambient temperature, utilize low quality forage resources, and resist water shortage or long watering intervals and tick infestations. However, currently there are several challenges such as recurrent droughts, pasture deterioration and lack of systematic selection and breeding programs that play to undermine the realization of the potential of the breed. Thus, we recommend systematic selection for enhancing the reproductive and production performances without compromising the adaptation traits of the breed coupled with improved management of rangelands.

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Coppock, D. L. "Constraints to development of extensive livestock systems: experiences from southern Ethiopia." BSAP Occasional Publication 16 (1993): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263967x00031098.

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AbstractThis paper reviews pastoral research and development perspectives generated from the southern Ethiopian rangelands during the 1980s. This system was selected as a case study of constraints in African pastoral development because the experiences from both research and development are fairly well documented and integrated. Until recently, the Boran managed a production system that was fairly typical of semi-settled, traditional pastoralism in East Africa. However, the Boran today are in a state of considerable change that has been induced primarily by a long-term decline in the per capita supply of cow's milk, the traditional dietary staple. This imbalance has resulted from steady growth in the human population in combination with density-dependent fluctuations in cattle production. Other major changes in pastoral, social and economic attitudes have occurred as a result of population pressure and exposure to the inhabitants of small towns that have emerged as a result of development of rural infrastructure since the 1970s. Overall, this pressure has led to increased instability and vulnerability of the pastoral population, but also offers new windows of opportunity for the application of technical, but especially policy-oriented, interventions. It is suggested that constraints to implementing successful development activities here lie more in the limitations of external institutions and the national economy, rather than within the Boran system. Long-term population trends, and opportunities for development interventions over the short term, will also be obscured by inter-drought cycles of cattle production that produce complex system interactions. Greater appreciation of the effects of such cycles on the social and economic behaviour of pastoralists could facilitate more effective development planning.

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Bayissa, Berecha, Gelagay Ayelet, Moses Kyule, Yasmin Jibril, and Esayas Gelaye. "Study on seroprevalence, risk factors, and economic impact of foot-and-mouth disease in Borena pastoral and agro-pastoral system, southern Ethiopia." Tropical Animal Health and Production 43, no. 4 (January 20, 2011): 759–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11250-010-9728-6.

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Debela, Nega, David McNeil, Kerry Bridle, and Caroline Mohammed. "Adaptation to Climate Change in the Pastoral and Agropastoral Systems of Borana, South Ethiopia: Options and Barriers." American Journal of Climate Change 08, no. 01 (2019): 40–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajcc.2019.81003.

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15

Mengistu, DIrriba. "Milk Market Performances and cofounding factors along Milk Value Chain in Pastoral Area: A Case of Borana Pastoralists, Borana Zone, Ethiopia." NASS Journal of Agricultural Sciences 3, no. 1 (June 3, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.36956/njas.v3i1.309.

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The study was conducted in Borana zone with the objectives understanding the milk market performance and challenges along the value chain. The primary data was collected from 123 households that drawn proportionally following multistage sampling based randomly selected households. Additionally, relevant information was collected from different sectors besides relevant literatures session. Similarly, Focused Group Discussions, key informant interview and visual observations were also undertaken to collect the primary data. In the course of data collection, different set of checklists were used for different group of actors to guide survey data collection, group discussions and key informant interview. The study found that input supply, natural calamity, marketing system, declining of livestock productivity, infrastructure and hygiene are among the major challenges along the dairy value chain. Above all, the dominance of value chain actors by pastoralists coupled with fragmented milk marketing system were the critical factors that stunted the milk market system in the study area. As a result, the performance of milk value chain is fragmented and distorted. Moreover, the supply of milk to the market become meager even though the milk selling practices has been flamed. Additionally, the dilution of pure drought resistant Borana cattle called “Qorti” is at its critical level of its extinction which challenge the milk production. Thus, it is important to enhance the milk marketing, encouraging milk supply and improving milk productivity.

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Megersa, Bekele, Abebe Haile, and Uriel Kitron. "Effects of dietary and health factors on nutritional status of children in pastoral settings in Borana, southern Ethiopia, August–October 2015." Archives of Public Health 79, no. 1 (September 22, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13690-021-00692-3.

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Abstract Background Childhood undernourishment is a major public health problem globally, and being responsible for higher mortalities in children and enormous health costs in sub-Saharan Africa. However, scarcity of data on the magnitude of malnutrition and its underlying causes, especially in the pastoral system, limits the effectiveness of potential interventions. This study addresses the nutritional status and factors associated with malnutrition among children in Borana pastoral system, southern Ethiopia. Methods A community based cross-sectional study, using multistage cluster sampling, was conducted from August to October 2015. Dietary diversity score (DDS), milk and meal frequencies, anthropometric measurements, and socio-economic variables were recorded for 538 children aged 6–59 months. Multivariable generalized linear model (GLM) with log link function was applied to ascertain determinants of malnutrition. The strength of association was assessed based on prevalence ratio (PR). Results Prevalence of underweight, stunting, and wasting were 28.3 % (95 % CI: 24.4–32.1), 41.1 % (95 % CI: 36.7–45.1), and 9.8 % (95 % CI: 7.3, 12.4), respectively. Children who consumed more diverse foods were at a lower risk of being underweight (PR = 0.72, 95 % CL: 0.59–0.88), stunted (PR = 0.80, 95 % CL: 0.68–0.93) and wasted (PR = 0.42, 95 % CL: 0.27–0.66). Intake of increased milk frequency was also associated with lower risk of underweight (PR = 0.86, 95 %CL: 0.76–0.97), stunting (PR = 0.83, 95 %CL: 0.75–0.91) and wasting (PR = 0.73, 95 %CL: 0.56–0.96). The risk of underweight (PR = 1.02, 95 %CL: 1.01–1.03), stunting (PR = 1.01, 95 %CL: 1.00–1.02) and wasting (PR = 1.01, 95 %CL: 1.00–1.04) had increased with age, and no difference was observed between boys and girls. Children who lived far away from health care facilities were 1.2 and 2.4 times more likely to be stunted and wasted, respectively than those residing near a health care facility. Ownership of toilet and living close to market were associated with reduced stunting, whereas illness was associated with increased risk of underweight. Conclusions The high prevalence of stunting among pastoral children is a serious public health concern and calls for urgent action. Association of nutritional status of children with dietary intake, and health status, access to health services and toilet availability underlines the need for improved nutrition practices, health care facilities and sanitary conditions in the study area.

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Mugunieri, Lawrence, Kennedy Wanjala, Phyllis Alusi, Richard Kurgat, and Sylvance Okoth. "Applying conjoint analysis to match farmer's preferences for cattle traits with those conferred by the improved trypanotolerant Orma Boran cattle in coastal Kenya." East African Journal of Science, Technology and Innovation 2, no. 4 (September 25, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.37425/eajsti.v2i4.262.

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Bovine trypanosomiasis is a key constraint to increased livestock production across all production systems of Kwale County in coastal Kenya. Genetically controlled trypanotolerance of cattle is regarded as one of the promising methods available to mitigate the impact of this disease, and the improved trypanonotolerant Orma Boran is one of the breeds available in Kenya for this purpose. Conjoint analysis was thus used to match farmer’s preference for cattle traits against those conferred by this breed in three production systems of Kwale County. The study also estimated the transaction costs (TC) that would influence access to breeding services while availing the breed. The aim was to identify production systems where the breed matches well with farmer preferences, as an initial step towards its dissemination. In order of importance, farmers preferred cattle that were resistant to trypanosomiasis, had large body size, exhibited resistance to tick-borne diseases (TBD), and had high milk output. However, there were inter-production system differences in trait preferences, where resistance to TBD was least valued in the agro-pastoral system, with more emphasis put on the size of animal and trypanotolerance respectively. On the other hand, in medium potential and marginal pastoral systems, more emphasis was placed on TBD resistance, followed by trypanosomiasis resistance. The agro-pastoral production system was therefore delineated as a potential area for disseminating the breed. Regarding transaction costs, the price of service was the most important transaction costs element. Furthermore, whereas bull service was preferred over artificial insemination (AI) services in marginal pastoral and medium potential systems, AI was given preference in an agro-pastoral system. It was thus concluded that the Orma Boran dissemination would be successful among agro-pastoral households system, and should be delivered using subsidized AI services.

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Tilahun, Abera, Beyene Teklu, and Dana Hoag. "Challenges and contributions of crop production in agro-pastoral systems of Borana Plateau, Ethiopia." Pastoralism 7, no. 1 (February 16, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13570-016-0074-9.

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Tilahun, Abera, Beyene Teklu, and Dana Hoag. "Erratum to: Challenges and contributions of crop production in agro-pastoral systems of Borana Plateau, Ethiopia." Pastoralism 7, no. 1 (May 29, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13570-017-0088-y.

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Adane, B., B. Bayissa, S. Tuffa, T. Tola, and S. Mekonnen. "Participatory impact assessment of ticks on cattle milk production in pastoral and agro-pastoral production systems of Borana Zone, Oromia Regional State, Southern Ethiopia." Ethiopian Veterinary Journal 16, no. 1 (July 5, 2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/evj.v16i1.1.

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Debela, Nega, Caroline Mohammed, Kerry Bridle, Ross Corkrey, and David McNeil. "Perception of climate change and its impact by smallholders in pastoral/agropastoral systems of Borana, South Ethiopia." SpringerPlus 4, no. 1 (May 20, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40064-015-1012-9.

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Chepkwony, Richard, Severine van Bommel, and Frank van Langevelde. "Interactive effects of biological, human and environmental factors on tick loads in Boran cattle in tropical drylands." Parasites & Vectors 14, no. 1 (April 6, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-021-04683-9.

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Abstract Background Tick-borne diseases (TBDs) are a serious threat to humans, wildlife and livestock, and cause severe economic losses in many tropical drylands. The effective control of TBDs has been constrained by limited understanding of what determines tick loads in animals. We tested interactive effects of several biological factors (sex, age and body condition), one environmental factor (rainfall) and one human factor (management type) on tick loads in animals. Methods We collected ticks on animals at four sampling sites in the semi-arid savanna area of Laikipia County, Kenya, of which two are commercial ranches and the other two are open pastoral grazing areas. From 2017 to 2019, we collected a total of 2038 ticks from 619 domestic animals from various cattle and camel herds and from 79 tranquilised wild animals. Results Generally, wild herbivores (zebras, rhinos and elephants) had higher tick loads than domestic animals. As 83% of the tick samples were taken from Boran cattle, we analysed tick load in these cattle in more detail. Boran cattle had high tick loads in the wet season, especially those animals in poor condition. No differences were found between female and male cattle, regardless of season. The calves had high tick loads during both the wet and dry seasons, whereas the sub-adult and adult cattle had less ticks during the dry season. Cattle on the intensively managed ranches had lower tick load than those in the transhumant management system. Conclusion These findings highlight the importance of establishing effective control of ticks on domestic animals in transhumant management systems as tick loads were high on these animals in both the wet and dry season. Graphic abstract

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Megerso, Abebe, Negussie Deyessa, Godana Jarso, and Alemayehu Worku. "Lived experiences of tuberculosis patients and their implications for early tuberculosis case identification and management in pastoralist community setting: a qualitative study in Borena zone, Oromia region of Ethiopia." BMC Health Services Research 20, no. 1 (October 9, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12913-020-05787-1.

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Abstract Background Ethiopia has highly diversified population with notable socioeconomic and cultural differences. Regardless of the differences, short course directly observed treatment,where patients should take drugs under direct observasion of health care providers, is uniformly applied all over the country. Evidences are scarce on how well does this uniform approach fits with the pastoral community setting. The purpose of this study was to explore lived experiences of TB patients in the pastoral community under the uniform approach, and their implications to early case identification and management. Method Qualitative method with phenomenological study design was undertaken to explore lived experiences of TB patients. Patients from all levels of health care (hospital, health center and health post) were included. Experience of both drug susceptible and drug resistant TB patients were documented. Twenty one patients, who consented to in the study, were selected by a convenience sampling method. In-depth interview was conducted using a semi-structured interview guide and the interview ended subsequent to information saturation. The interview was audio recorded; and field notes were also taken. Data analysis was done concurrently with the data collection using a word processor designed for qualitative text analysis. InductiveThematic analysis was undertaken to identify key themes. Results Twenty one patients (eight from hospitals, nine from health centers and four from health posts) were interviewed. Three of the eight hospital patients were on drug resistant tuberculosis (TB) treatment. Sixty two codes, five code categories and three themes emerged from the interviews. The three themes were health system, stigma and discrimination, and socioeconomic problem related experiences. Inaccessibility to health facilities due to scattered settlement and mobility, delay in care seeking TB symptoms, low index of suspecting TB by care providers, fear of stigma and indirect treatment related costs were some of the codes identified. Conclusion TB patients in the pastoral setting were experiencing multifaceted challenges with the current application of ‘one-size-fits-all’ approach which implied hampered timely case identification and compromised patient management. Therefore, designing context appropriate intervention approach is required to ensure unprejudiced services.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Borana pastoral system'

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