Journal articles: 'Borage'

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Miceli, Claudia, Alessandra Moncada, Filippo Vetrano, Fabio D’Anna, and Alessandro Miceli. "Suitability of Borago officinalis for Minimal Processing as Fresh-Cut Produce." Horticulturae 5, no. 4 (September 23, 2019): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae5040066.

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Borage (Borago officinalis L.) is a wild vegetable appreciated as a folk medicine and for culinary preparations. The introduction of borage as a specialized cultivation would allow for the diversification of vegetable crops and would widen the offerings of raw and minimally processed leafy vegetables. Thus, the aim of the research was to evaluate the quality and shelf-life of fresh-cut borage stored at different temperatures. Borage plants were grown during the autumn–winter season and immediately minimally processed after harvest. Fresh-cut borage leaves packed in sealed bags were stored at 2 or 6 °C for 21 d. Weight loss, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), ascorbic acid, nitrates, leaf color characteristics and overall quality were determined through the storage period. Borage plants were deemed suitable for minimal processing. Storage temperature significantly influenced the rate of quality loss. Borage leaves had an initial nitrate content of 329.3 mg kg−1 FW that was not affected by temperature or storage. TSS and TA were higher in leaves stored at 6 °C. TSS, TA and ascorbic acid content increased during storage. Minimally processed borage leaves stored at 2 °C had lower weight loss and leaf color modifications during storage and a longer shelf life than those stored at 6 °C, so were still marketable after 21 d of storage.

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Miceli, Claudia, Alessandra Moncada, Filippo Vetrano, Giovanni Iapichino, Fabio D’Anna, and Alessandro Miceli. "Effect of Agronomic Practices on Yield and Quality of Borage at Harvest and During Storage as Minimally-Processed Produce." Agronomy 10, no. 2 (February 6, 2020): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10020242.

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Borage (Borago officinalis L.) is a hairy pubescent herb known throughout the world for its folk medicinal uses, as well as for many culinary uses. There is still little information on the cultivation needs of this species, especially for its use as vegetable crop and as fresh-cut produce. Hence, the aim of the research was to study the effects of agronomic practices on yield and quality of borage and on the storability as minimally-processed product. Two experiments were carried out in two consecutive years in order to evaluate the effect of plant density and plastic mulching on yield and quality of two borage accessions at harvest and during storage as minimally-processed produce for 14 days at 4 °C. The highest plant density (8 plants m2) determined the highest yield of plants and minimally-processed leaves with good quality retention during storage. Mulching had a positive effect on earliness, yield, and shelf life of minimally-processed leaves but also increased nitrate accumulation and reduced ascorbic acid content. Borage plants with lower spacing grown on mulched soil showed the best yield of plants and minimally-processed leaves irrespective of the borage accession tested. Borage plants can be used to produce minimally-processed entire leaves with good quality characteristics.

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Mallor, C., M. Luis-Arteaga, M. A. Cambra, and S. Fernández-Cavada. "Natural Infection of Field-Grown Borage (Borago officinalis) by Alfalfa mosaic virus in Spain." Plant Disease 86, no. 6 (June 2002): 698. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2002.86.6.698a.

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Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) has a wide host range and is distributed throughout the world. It causes disease in several vegetable crops, including bean, celery, lettuce, pea, pepper, and tomato (1). In Spain, it has been found naturally infecting alfalfa, pepper, and tomato. During the autumn of 1999, in the area of Zaragoza (northeastern Spain), several plants expressing foliar yellow mosaic symptoms were observed in borage grown for human consumption in open field plots. The commercial value of the symptomatic plants was greatly reduced. The symptoms were similar to those previously obtained in greenhouse-grown borage plants mechanically inoculated with three tomato isolates of AMV (2). The following indicator species, including virus-free borage plants, were mechanically inoculated with sap from leaves of symptomatic borage plants, and reactions were recorded: chlorotic and necrotic local lesions on Tetragonia expansa and Vigna unguiculata; chlorotic local lesions and systemic mosaic on Chenopodium quinoa, C. amaranticolor, Cucumis sativus ‘Marketmore’, Gomphrena globosa, and Nicotiana glutinosa; systemic mosaic, sometimes associated with localized reactions, on Ocimum basilicum, Capsicum annuum ‘Doux des Landes’ and ‘Yolo Wonder’, N. benthamiana, N. clevelandii, N. rustica, N. sylvestris, N. tabacum ‘Paraguay’ and ‘Xanthi nc’, Petunia hybrida, Physalis floridana, and Solanum melongena ‘Cerna krazavitska’. The reactions are in agreement with the indicator host reactions described for AMV (1). Symptoms on virus-free borage plants mechanically inoculated with sap from symptomatic borage and from inoculated C. amaranticolor and O. basilicum experimental hosts were similar to those observed in naturally infected borage. Positive serological reactions (A405 values more than three times greater than those of the negative controls) in double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using commercially prepared antiserum against AMV (Agdia, Inc., Elkhart, IN) were obtained with extracts of naturally infected borage leaves and with systemically infected indicator species. Alfalfa plots located in the vicinity of the symptomatic borage plants could be the source of virus for borage infections. To our knowledge, this is the first report of natural AMV infection in Borago spp. References: (1) E. M. J. Jaspars and L. Bos. CMI/AAB. No. 229, 1980. (2) M. Luis-Arteaga and J. M. Alvarez. Inf. Téc. Econ. Agr. 92:70, 1996.

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Montaner, Celia, Raquel Zufiaurre, María Movila, and Cristina Mallor. "Evaluation of Borage (Borago officinalis L.) Genotypes for Nutraceutical Value Based on Leaves Fatty Acids Composition." Foods 11, no. 1 (December 22, 2021): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11010016.

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Borage (Borago officinalis L.) is a traditional vegetable grown and consumed in some Spanish regions. The objective of this study was to determine the variability and evolution of fatty acid composition in a borage germplasm collection formed by wild types, breeding lines, commercial varieties, and landraces. Fatty acids were analysed in petioles, the commonly edible part of the leaves, and the leaf blades, the by-product of the borage industry, in two growth stages: at the optimal harvest period (120 days after sowing) and at the end of the harvest period (150 days after sowing). The results showed that for each of the eight fatty acids identified, there were significant differences among the twelve borage genotypes depending on the developmental plant stage at sampling date and the part of the leaf analysed, the interaction effect also being statistically significant. The main polyunsaturated fatty acids identified were: linoleic acid (18:2 n6, LA), α-linolenic acid (18:3 n3, ALA), γ-linolenic acid (18:3 n6, GLA), and stearidonic acid (SDA, 18:4, n-3), account for approximately 70% of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Blue-flowered genotypes differ from white-flowered genotypes by their high content of ALA and SDA, which can be exploited in borage breeding programs. Petioles from young plants present higher n6 fatty acids, while older plants produce a great amount of n3 fatty acids. Besides, the higher content of ALA in the leaf blades gives them a good dietary potential. All these fatty acids, with multiple health benefits, support the nutraceutical interest of borage leaves (both petioles and leaf blades) for human consumption, animal feeding, medicine, and pharmacy.

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Bradley, C. A., L. E. del Río, C. D. Chesrown, and B. L. Johnson. "First Report of Soft Rot Caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on Borage in North Dakota." Plant Disease 89, no. 2 (February 2005): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-89-0208b.

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Borage (Borago officinalis) is an oilseed crop that is being evaluated as an alternative crop in North Dakota. During September 2004, borage plants in a field in Cass County, North Dakota were dying from a watery soft rot. The main stems and lateral branches were affected, and affected plants were usually completely lodged and prostrate. Dead plants had bleached and shredded stems with black sclerotia (9.1 ± 3.0 × 2.6 ± 0.5 mm) inside the pith and on the epidermis. At the time of observation, borage plants were flowering and forming pods and seed. Approximately 60% of the plants were visually affected by the watery soft rot. Sclerotia were collected from diseased plants, soaked in a 0.5% NaOCL solution for 30 s, air dried, and placed in petri dishes containing potato dextrose agar (PDA). A fungus grew from the plated sclerotia that subsequently produced white mycelium and black sclerotia (4.8 ± 1.2 × 2.5 ± 1.0 mm), which is characteristic of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary (3). To confirm pathogenicity, borage plants were inoculated in the greenhouse with a S. sclerotiorum isolate from field-infected borage. Thirteen borage plants were grown from seed in the greenhouse under natural sunlight at a temperature range of 24 ± 3°C. When plants were at the four-leaf stage (approximately 16 cm high), the second leaf was excised from each plant with the petiole remaining on the plant. The leafless petioles were inoculated using a method previously described (2). Petioles of 10 plants were inoculated with PDA containing mycelium of the S. sclerotiorum borage isolate, while petioles of five plants were inoculated with PDA to serve as a control. Three days after inoculation, plants inoculated with the S. sclerotiorum borage isolate were beginning to wilt and 5 days after inoculation, these plants were completely wilted and prostrate, similar to observations made on field-infected plants. Sclerotia collected from the diseased, inoculated plants were placed on PDA, and S. sclerotiorum was successfully recovered. Control plants inoculated with PDA did not show any disease symptoms. Other plant genera in the Boraginaceae are known hosts of S. sclerotiorum (1); however, to our knowledge, this is the first report of borage as a host. References: (1) G. J. Boland and R. Hall, Can. J. Plant Pathol. 16:93, 1994. (2) L. E. del Río et al. (Abstr.) Phytopathology 90(suppl.):S176, 2000. (3) D. L. Tourneau, Phytopathology 69:887, 1979.

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Sales, Ester, Celia Montaner, José M. Muniozguren, Miguel Carravedo, and José M. Álvarez. "Genetic diversity in a collection of borage (Borago officinalis) germplasm." Botany 86, no. 6 (June 2008): 603–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b08-029.

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The common borage, Borago officinalis L., is of Euro-Mediterranean origin, but is found extensively in the wild. It is also cultivated as a garden plant, crop vegetable, or pharmaceutical herb. Analysis of random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs) revealed high levels of genetic diversity among 10 borage wild accessions and seven cultivars, which included five white-flowered selections grown in northern Spain for petiole production, and two blue-flowered lines used medicinally. These latter two cultivars and populations, sampled far from the original habitat of the species, were closely related to wild borage populations from northern Europe. The two medicinal cultivars did not differ from each other, while those used for petiole production differed significantly from their Spanish wild relatives. Differences among the 17 populations accounted for 41.4% of the total genetic variability; this value increased to 50.8% when only the 10 wild populations were considered. Population differentiation and within-population variability are discussed in relation to mating system, selection, and conservation practices.

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Kachel, Magdalena, Marta Krajewska, Małgorzata Stryjecka, Lidia Ślusarczyk, Arkadiusz Matwijczuk, Stanisław Rudy, and Marek Domin. "Comparative Analysis of Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Properties of Borage Oil (Borago officinalis L.) and Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum Gaertn)." Applied Sciences 13, no. 4 (February 16, 2023): 2560. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13042560.

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There is currently a growing interest in oils characterised by specific medicinal, cosmetic, or dietary properties. For this reason, the seeds of two plants, milk thistle (Silybum marianum Gaertn) and borage (Borago officinalis L.), were studied by subjecting them to the process of cold pressing. The extracted oils were then examined in terms of their chemical composition and biological activity, and qualitatively analysed with the use of FTIR spectroscopy. The oils contained linoleic and octadecenoic acids in amounts of 47.84%, 35.31% (milk thistle oil) and 35.43%, 25.18% (borage oil). They were characterised by low water content, roughly 0.088% for thistle and 0.075% for borage, and simultaneously relatively high phosphorus content, reaching, respectively, 47.7 and 33.1 mg·kg−1. The mean peroxide value was 4.22 for milk thistle and 2.83 mmolO2·kg−1 for borage, and the acid number was 5.17 and 3.9 mgKOH·g−1, respectively. FTIR spectroscopy was used to conduct a qualitative analysis, which revealed slight discrepancies in intensity at 3005 cm−1, which confirmed differences in the content of fatty acids and oil pigments between the oils. The obtained results provided information on the applicability of the studied seeds and oils obtained therefrom as basic components of pharmaceutical and cosmetic products with potential health benefits.

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MHAMDI, BAYA, WISSEM AIDI WANNES, SOUMAYA BOURGOU, and BRAHIM MARZOUK. "BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF BORAGE (BORAGO OFFICINALISL.) SEEDS." Journal of Food Biochemistry 33, no. 3 (June 2009): 331–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4514.2009.00221.x.

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Seifzadeh, Ali Reza, Mohammad Reza Khaledian, Mohsen Zavareh, Parisha Shahinrokhsar, and Christos A. Damalas. "European Borage (Borago officinalis L.) Yield and Profitability under Different Irrigation Systems." Agriculture 10, no. 4 (April 20, 2020): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10040136.

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European borage (Borago officinalis L.) is a cultivated medicinal plant in Iran, but common agronomic practices about profitable cultivation are mostly unknown. A 2-yr field experiment (2013 and 2014) was conducted in Guilan Province of northern Iran to evaluate European borage yield and profitability under irrigation with surface and drip irrigation systems. Treatments included (i) rainfed production (I0, control), (ii) single irrigation (I1) applied with surface irrigation alone and drip irrigation alone, and (iii) two irrigations (I2) applied with surface irrigation alone and drip irrigation alone. In 2013, I1 increased flower dry weight by 41.0% and seed weight by 7.1% compared with rainfed European borage, while with I2, the increases in those traits were 23.4% and 0.6%, respectively. In 2014, I1 increased flower dry weight by 78.0% and seed weight by 21.3% compared with rainfed European borage, while the respective increases were 51.8% and 17.3% with I2. On average, drip irrigation provided higher flower dry weight and seed weight by 39.3% and 12.6%, respectively, compared with surface irrigation. Drip irrigation increased variable costs by 165.2% compared with surface irrigation but resulted in increased gross income by 23.2%. Partial budgeting showed that I1 with drip irrigation provided the maximum net profit in both years. Based on the final rate of return, investing in the treatment I1 with drip irrigation was better than investing in the other treatments. Moreover, I1 with drip irrigation showed the highest value of economic water productivity and could be considered for improving the net income of European borage farmers.

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Yue, Yanqiu, Fengbin Jin, and Xiaohui Yue. "The effect of Borago officinalis on the signaling pathway of the NLRP3 inflammasome complex, TLR4 and some inflammatory cytokines in type II diabetic patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome." Cellular and Molecular Biology 67, no. 3 (November 25, 2021): 178–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.14715/cmb/2021.67.3.28.

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Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening condition in which the lungs become severely inflamed, causing the alveoli to constrict or fill with fluid, which prevents the lungs from functioning properly. This disease becomes more dangerous when it occurs in patients with diabetes. Because of the clinical condition of these patients, it is not possible to treat them with usual medicines. One of the best options for treating these people is to use herbs. Borage (Borago officinalis) is a medicinal herb that, in addition to its anti-inflammatory properties, is also able to control blood sugar. Therefore, in the current study, the effect of borage oil was considered on the signaling pathway of the NLRP3 inflammasome complex, TLR4, and serum levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1? and IL-18) in type II diabetic patients with ARDS. For this purpose, 25 diabetic type II patients with ARDS were divided into three groups by ARDS Berlin Definition. Then, after providing the demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients, they were treated with 30 mg/day borage oil for seven days. The expression of NLRP3 and TLR4 genes (by Real-time PCR technique) and serum levels of IL-1? and IL-18 (by ELISA test) were evaluated before and after treatment with borage oil through blood samples taken from patients. The results showed that serum levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1? and IL-18), NLRP3 gene, and TLR4 gene were significantly decreased in diabetic type II patients with mild ARDS by treating with borage oil. IL-1? serum level and TLR4 were significantly decreased in diabetic type II patients with moderate ARDS. But there was not any significant decrease or increase in IL-1?, IL-18, NLRP3 gene, and TLR4 gene in diabetic type II patients with severe ARDS after 7 days of treatment with borage oil. According to the obtained results, borage oil can act as a double-edged blade. Thus, in the early and middle stages of ARDS, borage oil can be effective in reducing the inflammasome pathway of inflammation and also reduce blood sugar levels in these diabetic patients. But in the severe stage of ARDS, it not only does not help to treat the ARDS; it also increases systolic and diastolic blood pressure in diabetic patients.

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Osborne, Juliet L. "Borage." Bee World 80, no. 1 (January 1999): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0005772x.1999.11099417.

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Sensidoni, A., G. Bortolussi, C. Orlando, G. Lognay, P. Fantozzi, and M. Paquot. "Composition and oxidative stability of borage (Borago officinalis L.) and borage—virgin olive oil blends." LWT - Food Science and Technology 28, no. 3 (January 1995): 343–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0023-6438(95)94693-4.

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Zając, Marzena, Iwona Duda, Łukasz Skoczylas, and Małgorzata Tabaszewska. "Potential Use of Hyssopus officinalis and Borago officinalis as Curing Ingredients in Pork Meat Formulations." Animals 10, no. 12 (December 7, 2020): 2327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10122327.

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The replacement of nitrites in pork meat products has been a studied issue for many years. Due to potential health threats associated with these additives, consumers tend to search for alternative meat curing methods. In this study, Hyssopus officinalis and Borago officinalis were tested for their potential to be used as colour-forming and antioxidant agents. Dry plant samples from various sources were tested for fat, protein, ash, polyphenol and nitrate content. There were significant differences between the herbs depending on source. Two control samples (containing curing salt and sodium chloride with nitrate reducing bacteria) and samples with herbs (hyssop, hyssop with nitrate reducing bacteria, borage, borage with nitrate reducing bacteria)—0.5% of the meat mass—were prepared and stored for 15 days. In the samples with herbs and bacterial cultures, a red colour was developed, the TBARS values were low and DPPH activity was strong. All the samples with herbs had lower residual nitrite levels compared to the samples with curing salt. Borage had a stronger influence on colour and antioxidant stability of the meat samples compared to hyssop. However, both herbs can be used as colour-forming and antioxidant agents along with nitrate-reducing bacteria.

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Cambra, M. A., A. Palacio-Bielsa, and M. M. López. "Borage (Borago officinalis) is a New Host of Pseudomonas cichorii in the Ebro Valley of Spain." Plant Disease 88, no. 7 (July 2004): 769. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2004.88.7.769a.

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Borage (Borago officinalis L.) is an important vegetable crop for consumption in the Ebro Valley of northeastern Spain. During the autumn and spring of the last 10 years, black necrotic lesions were observed in leaf petioles of white-flowered borage plants in greenhouses and seedbeds in Zaragoza, Spain. These lesions developed from the soil line and spread upward to the central vein of leaves. Severely infected leaves of mature and occasionally young plants become rotted. Longitudinal sections through the crown revealed severely necrotic cortical, vascular, and pith tissues. Isolations from infected roots, petioles, and leaves onto King's B medium yielded a gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium with colonies that were fluorescent under UV light. Bacterial colonies were purified and characterized. The isolates were strictly aerobic, negative for levan production, soft rot of potato, and arginine dihydrolase activity, oxidase positive, and induced hypersensitive reaction in tobacco leaves (2). The bacteria were further identified as Pseudomonas cichorii by comparison of the 49 carbohydrate utilization profiles, API 50 CH (bioMérieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France), with the reference strain ICPPB 2827. Ten lettuce plants used as indicators and borage plants were inoculated by root and petiole injections of bacterial suspensions (108 CFU/ml) of the borage strains and the P. cichorii reference strain ICPPB 2827. Inoculated plants and controls were maintained in a growth chamber at 20 to 25°C with nearly 100% relative humidity. Symptoms of varnish spot, described in lettuce (1), and the black lesions initially observed in borage roots, petioles, and leaves were evident on all inoculated plants at 7 and 5 days after inoculation, respectively. No symptoms developed on control plants. A bacterium with identical characteristics to those described above was reisolated from the black lesions on inoculated plants. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. cichorii as a pathogen of B. officinalis. Successful infection of borage plants was dependent on high humidity conditions, which is present because of the greater density of mature crops. References: (1) R. G. Grogan et al. Phytopathology 67:957, 1977. (2) R. A. Lelliot et al. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 29:470, 1966.

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Janick, Jules, James E. Simon, and Anna Whipkey. "In Vitro Propagation of Borage." HortScience 22, no. 3 (June 1987): 493–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.22.3.493.

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Abstract In vitro shoot proliferation of borage (Borago officinalis L.) was achieved in a basal medium based on Murashige and Skoog salts supplemented with 17.6 μm BA (4 mg·liter−1) plus 10% (v/v) coconut water. Rooting of in vitro-produced shoots occurred in basal media and increased in response to the addition of IBA. Rooted shoots were transferred successfully to soil. Immature zygotic embryos cultured in 4.5 μm 2,4-D (1 mg·liter−1) plus coconut water (CW) produce asexual embryos directly from the cotyledonary surface and indirectly from callus. Chemical names used: N-(phenylmethyl)-1H-purin-6-amine (BA); (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D); 1H-indole-3-butanoic acid (IBA).

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Moliner, Cristina, Guillermo Cásedas, Lillian Barros, Tiane C. Finimundy, Carlota Gómez-Rincón, and Víctor López. "Neuroprotective Profile of Edible Flowers of Borage (Borago officinalis L.) in Two Different Models: Caenorhabditis elegans and Neuro-2a Cells." Antioxidants 11, no. 7 (June 24, 2022): 1244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11071244.

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The flowers of Borago officinalis L. (Boraginaceae), commonly known as borage, are widely used as a culinary ingredient. The aim of this study was to assess the potential benefits of fresh borage flower extract related to antioxidant, neuroprotective and anti-aging properties. The extract was obtained by Soxhlet extraction with ethanol as a solvent, and fatty acids were detected by GC-FID. The antioxidant activity was evaluated in vitro through the DPPH, FRAP and ORAC assays. Regarding the fatty acid (FA) composition, the extract showed high amounts of polyunsaturated FA. The Neuro-2a cell line was used to determine the cytoprotective capacity of the extract subjected to oxidative stress (H2O2). Moreover, the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans was used to assess antioxidant activity, delayed ageing as well as cytoprotection and reduced β-amyloid toxicity. Cells treated with the extract and H2O2 showed a better response to oxidative stress than the control group, particularly in terms of mitochondrial activity (MTT assay), redox state (ROS formation) and the activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase and superoxide dismutase). B. officinalis flower extract showed promising antioxidant activity in the selected models, without causing toxicity. Hence, the results obtained support the antioxidant properties of borage flowers in different bioassays using living organisms.

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Michalak, Monika, Martyna Zagórska-Dziok, Marta Klimek-Szczykutowicz, and Agnieszka Szopa. "Phenolic Profile and Comparison of the Antioxidant, Anti-Ageing, Anti-Inflammatory, and Protective Activities of Borago officinalis Extracts on Skin Cells." Molecules 28, no. 2 (January 15, 2023): 868. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28020868.

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In this study, methanol and water–methanol extracts of borage (Borago officinalis) herb dried using various methods were analysed for their phenolic profile and biological activity. Twelve compounds, including flavonoids (astragalin, kaempferol 4-glucoside, rutoside, and vitexin) and phenolic acids (caffeic, chlorogenic, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic, ferulic, p-hydroxybenzoic, protocatechuic, rosmarinic, and syringic), were determined qualitatively and quantitatively in B. officinalis extracts by the HPLC-DAD method. The highest total flavonoid content was confirmed for the methanol extract from the hot-air-dried herb, while the methanol extract from the air-dried herb was most abundant in phenolic acids. The results of in vitro tests on human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and fibroblasts (BJ) showed that the extracts were able to reduce the intracellular level of reactive oxygen species in skin cells. Tests performed to assess inhibition of protein denaturation, lipoxygenase activity, and proteinase activity demonstrated that borage extracts have anti-inflammatory properties. In addition, the methanol extract of the herb dried in a convection oven showed the strongest inhibition of both collagenase and elastase activity, which is indicative of anti-ageing properties. The results show that the borage extracts are a source of valuable bioactive compounds with beneficial properties in the context of skin cell protection.

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Mhamdi, Baya, Wissem A. Wannes, Wissal Dhiffi, and Brahim Marzouk. "Volatiles From Leaves and Flowers of Borage (Borago officinalisL.)." Journal of Essential Oil Research 21, no. 6 (November 2009): 504–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700229.

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Song, Dongyan, Guohai Wu, Patricia Vrinten, and Xiao Qiu. "Development of imidazolinone herbicide tolerant borage ( Borago officinalis L.)." Plant Science 262 (September 2017): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.05.012.

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Dodson, Craig D., and Frank R. Stermitz. "Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids from Borage (Borago officinalis) Seeds and Flowers." Journal of Natural Products 49, no. 4 (July 1986): 727–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np50046a045.

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Stawiarz, Ernest, Anna Wróblewska, Marzena Masierowska, and Dagmara Sadowska. "Flowering, Forage Value, and Insect Pollination in Borage (Borago Officinalis L.) Cultivated in Se Poland." Journal of Apicultural Science 64, no. 1 (July 2, 2020): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jas-2020-0005.

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AbstractThe three-year study on borage was conducted in Lublin, SE Poland. The aims were to investigate the flowering pattern and abundance, and the attractiveness (in terms of nectar and pollen production) for flower-visiting insects, mainly bees. Insect visitation and the effect of pollinators on fruit set and seed set were assessed as well. Flowering of borage started in the latter half of June and lasted eight weeks. The mean number of flowers · m−2 of the crop was 4570 per season. A borage flower produced on average 4.0 mg of nectar with a mean sugar concentration of 31.5%. The mean total sugar amount secreted in nectar was 1.2 mg. The pollen amount · flower−1 was 1.1 mg. A borage plant can supply insects with 1.1 g of nectar sugars and 1.1 g of pollen. The estimated nectar sugar yield and pollen yield per 1 m2 of the crop were similar, i.e. 5.2 g. Bees accounted for 73.0% of all insect visits to the borage flowers. The presence of insect pollinators increased the fruit set by 43.3% and seed set by 26.8%.

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Quinn, James, James E. Simon, and Jules Janick. "Histology of Zygotic and Somatic Embryogenesis in Borage." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 114, no. 3 (May 1989): 516–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.114.3.516.

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Abstract Embryo sac formation in borage (Borago officinalis L.) was of monosporic, Polygonum type. Zygotic embryogenesis resembled the Piperad type (Myosotis Variation) without a suspensor after the four-cell stage with free nuclear endosperm. Cotyledons were initiated 4 days after pollination (DAP) and grew rapidly until 12 to 14 DAP, with seed maturity at 18 DAP. There were two patterns of in vitro somatic embryo development from embryogenic callus: 1) from single cells, which proceeded through typical zygotic embryo stages; or 2) from groups of cells that developed as a meristem. The advanced stages of somatic embryogenesis were characterized by abnormal cotyledon and hypocotyl morphology and incomplete apical development.

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Ghahremanitamadon, Fatemeh, Siamak Shahidi, Somayeh Zargooshnia, Ali Nikkhah, Akram Ranjbar, and Sara Soleimani Asl. "Protective Effects ofBorago officinalisExtract on Amyloidβ-Peptide(25–35)-Induced Memory Impairment in Male Rats: A Behavioral Study." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/798535.

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and most common form of dementia that leads to memory impairment. In the present study we have examined the protective effects ofBorago officinalis(borage) extract on Amyloidβ(Aβ)-Induced memory impairment. Wistar male rats received intrahippocampal (IHP) injection of the Aβ(25–35) and borage extract throughout gestation (100 mg/kg). Learning and memory functions in the rats were examined by the passive avoidance and the Morris water maze (MWM) tasks. Finally, the antioxidant capacity of hippocampus was measured using ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. The results showed that Aβ(25–35) impaired step-through latency and time in dark compartment in passive avoidance task. In the MWM, Aβ(25–35) significantly increased escape latency and traveled distance. Borage administration attenuated the Aβ-induced memory impairment in both the passive avoidance and the MWM tasks. Aβinduced a remarkable decrease in antioxidant power (FRAP value) of hippocampus and borage prevented the decrease of the hippocampal antioxidant status. This data suggests that borage could improve the learning impairment and oxidative damage in the hippocampal tissue following Aβtreatment and that borage consumption may lead to an improvement of AD-induced cognitive dysfunction.

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Bagheri, M., F. Zaefarian, B. Bicharanlou, and H. Ghanizadeh. "A Study of Intercropping of Maize with Sweet Basil and Borage." Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova 47, no. 2 (July 8, 2014): 13–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cerce-2014-0013.

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Abstract Intercropping is one of the environmental friendly ways to improve the use of resources and weed control. A field experiment was performed on maize intercropped with sweet basil and borage under weed free and infestation conditions. The experimental design was a factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replicates. Factors included weed infestation levels (weed free and weed infestated) and intercropping ratios (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25: 75, and 0:100, maize: sweet basil or borage). The intercroppping treatments decreased weeds biomass compared to the monocultures of borage and sweet basil. The weeds biomass and density in maize monoculture was lower than the monocultures of the other two plants. Under sole crop condition, the plants yield was higher than intercropping treatments. Weed interference decreased the yield of plants, while this decrease was less in intercropping treatments. Area-time equivalent ratio value showed that the ratios of 50:50 maize: sweet basil, maize: borage and 25:75 maize: borage provided the yield advantages of 11%, 11% and 36% under weed infestation, respectively. Also, area-time equivalent ratio values were higher in weed infestation compared to weed free treatments. The leaves essential oil of sweet basil under intercropping treatments, especially in weedy condition, was further than monocropping treatments. Intercropping of maize with sweet basil was more successful than intercropping with borage in reducing weeds biomass and density. In general, the intercropping of maize with sweet basil was more efficient compared to intercroppping with borage.

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Akhavan, Neda, Kanisha Parikh, Gloria Salazar, and Bahram Arjmandi. "The Antioxidative Effects of Borago Officinalis in Lipopolysaccharide and Hydrogen Peroxide-Activated RAW 264.7 Macrophages." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa045_001.

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Abstract Objectives Borage (Borago officinalis) is a plant herb found widely in Asian and Mediterranean regions which has been used for the treatment of chronic conditions and diseases. Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) and phenolic acids are important constituents of borage, which are known for their antioxidative properties. However, little is known regarding the mechanisms in which borage elicits its antioxidant effects. Therefore, it is important to further examine the antioxidative properties of Borago officinalis extract (BOE) on levels of biomarkers of oxidative stress in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Methods High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the total polyphenolic content of BOE. RAW264.7 murine macrophages were incubated with BOE (0, 50, 100, 200 and 300 µg/ml) followed by treatments with LPS (50 ng/ml) or H2O2 (50 ng/ml) for 24 hours. Media was collected for assessment of nitric oxide (NO), and the cell lysates were collected for determining levels of catalase. BOE treated cells induced with LPS and H2O2 were further examined to assess levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Results Cells treated with LPS, H2O2, as well as BOE did not show any decreases in cell viability. The total polyphenolic content of BOE was 102.4 mg/g, with rosmarinic acid the most abundant polyphenol. BOE decreased (P < 0.05) levels of NO when induced with LPS at 300 µg/ml and at dosages of 100, 200, and 300 µg/ml when cells were stimulated with H2O2. The level of catalase was increased (P < 0.05) in H2O2-stimulated macrophages treated with 300 µg/ml BOE. Conclusions This is the first study to our knowledge to mechanistically examine the antioxidative properties of crude BOE in H2O2 and LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. These findings indicate that BOE is efficacious as an antioxidative agent which can be used as an alternative or adjuvant therapy. Further research is needed to determine the benefits of BOE's polyphenolic profile and GLA to isolate constituents of interest. Funding Sources None.

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BAUMANN, LESLIE S. "Borage Seed Oil." Skin & Allergy News 42, no. 9 (September 2011): 22–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0037-6337(11)70466-1.

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Abdel Samed, A. M., M. I. Kobeasy, and Hanan Gab alla. "CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SEEDS AND OIL OF BORAGE ( Borago officinalis )." Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering 32, no. 2 (February 1, 2007): 1553–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jssae.2007.201108.

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Wettasinghe, Mahinda, Fereidoon Shahidi, Ryszard Amarowicz, and Mamdouh M. Abou-Zaid. "Phenolic acids in defatted seeds of borage (Borago officinalis L.)." Food Chemistry 75, no. 1 (October 2001): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0308-8146(01)00182-0.

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SIMPSON, M. J. A. "A description and code of development of borage (Borago officinalis)." Annals of Applied Biology 123, no. 1 (August 1993): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.1993.tb04085.x.

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De Haro-Bailón, A., and M. Del Rio. "Isolation of chemically induced mutants in borage (Borago officinalis L.)." Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 75, no. 2 (February 1998): 281–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11746-998-0042-7.

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Casas-Cardoso, Lourdes, Casimiro Mantell, Sara Obregón, Cristina Cejudo-Bastante, Ángeles Alonso-Moraga, Enrique J. Martínez de la Ossa, and Antonio de Haro-Bailón. "Health-Promoting Properties of Borage Seed Oil Fractionated by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction." Foods 10, no. 10 (October 15, 2021): 2471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10102471.

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Borage (Borago officinalis L.) seed oil is an important source of γ–linolenic acid, which is normally used as a treatment against different pathologies. Since the fractionation of this interesting seed oil has many environmental, economic and biological benefits, two borage fractionation techniques after extraction with CO2 under supercritical conditions have been studied: precipitation in two cyclone separators and countercurrent extraction column. Both techniques have successfully collected free fatty acids in one fraction: (i) two separators set up in series obtained the highest concentration of free fatty acids in separator 2 at 90 bar/40 °C; (ii) when countercurrent extraction column was used, the acidity index of the raffinate stream was independent from the operating conditions (2.6 ± 0.5%). Furthermore, the composition of the fatty acids, as well as their antioxidant and cytotoxic activities, were determined. The profile of the fatty acids obtained by either of these two methods remained unaltered, so that the crude oil exhibited improved antioxidant and cytotoxic properties. All the extracts obtained in the two cyclone separators at the same pressure/temperature conditions displayed high tumouricidal activity against HL 60 promyelocytic leukaemia cells, even if the extracts at 50% concentration from separator 2 presented a lower inhibitory activity (IC50). The extracts from separator 2 at 90 bar/40 °C exhibited the highest anti-proliferative activity at low doses (IC50 of 0.3 μL/mL for the trypan blue exclusion test). To reach the lethal dose—IC50—with the product obtained through countercurrent column fractionation, a concentration of 2 μL/mL of crude borage oil raffinate was required.

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BOROWY, ANDRZEJ, and MAGDALENA KAPŁAN. "CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF BORAGE (Borago officinalis L.) SEEDS." Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus 19, no. 6 (December 31, 2020): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2020.6.7.

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Recently the interest in borage seeds (mericarps) as an important source of γ-linolenic acid and a good natural antioxidant has increased, yet the knowledge about these properties of seeds developed by borage grown in Poland remains very scanty. Seeds collected from borage plants cultivated in the south-eastern region of Poland in the years 2017 and 2018 were characterized by following parameters: length – 5.0 mm, width – 2.7–2.8 mm, thickness 2.2 mm, weight of 1000 seeds – 17.2-19.4 g. The seeds contained 93.7% of dry matter, and in this 32.0% of lipids, 23.7% of protein and 1.1–1.8% of total sugars on average. Seventeen compounds were identified in the lipids with linoleic acid (35.1%), oleic + elaidic acids (20.8%), γ-linolenic acid (17.9%), palmitic acid (11.4%), stearic acid (5.3%), cis 11-eicosenoic acid (4.1%), and erucic acid (2.6%) as major ones. Other fatty acids constituted less than 2%. Saturated fatty acids constituted 17.5% of the total fatty acids. Flavonoids and phenolic acids accounted for 0.012% and 1.60–1.73% of seeds dry weight respectively. Antioxidant activity measured by FRAP assay and Folin – Ciocalteau method accounted for 1225 µmol of ferrous equivalent Fe (II) and 29.7 mg of polyphenols per gram of seeds dry weight respectively. Using antiradical activity against DPPH radical following average parameters were obtained: T 50% – 49 sec., DPPH rem % – 73.7, AE – 0.024 dm3∙(µmol∙s)–1. 100 g of seeds d.w. contained 0.27–0.34 ml of essential oil. Content of four macroelements expressed as % of seeds d. w. was following: P – 0.70, K – 0.48, Ca – 1.37 and Mg – 0.41.

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O'NEILL, T. M., P. GLADDERS, and R. T. A. COOK. "Powdery mildews on borage (Borago officinalis) and evening primrose (Oenothera biennis)." Plant Pathology 40, no. 3 (September 1991): 478–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1991.tb02407.x.

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KUBOTA, M., and I. OHTA. "First report of Sclerotinia rot of borage (Borago officinalis) in Japan." Japanese Journal of Phytopathology 77, no. 3 (2011): 148–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3186/jjphytopath.77.148.

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Sadighara, Parisa, Atefeh Araghi, Behrouz Tajdar-oranj, Leila Peivasteh Roudsari, Afsaneh Mohajer, and Ramezan Behzadi. "The Effect of Borage (Echium amoenum) on the Mouse Heart and Hematology Parameters." Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets 19, no. 2 (July 5, 2019): 154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871529x18666181105113617.

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Background: There has been considerable interest in the potential health benefits of borage. Little information is available regarding the safety of this plant. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of borage on the mouse heart. Methods: Different amounts of borage extract were injected in mice. The mice were randomly divided into 4 groups including group1 (Control group without injection), group2, 3 and 4 that received 12.5 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg respectively for 28 days. Oxidative stress parameters (lipid peroxidation, total glutathione groups assay and cupric assay) and biochemical (Creatine kinase activity and total cholesterol) and hematology parameters were evaluated. Furthermore, histopathology study was carried out on heart tissues. Results: We found that there was no significant difference in oxidative stress parameters and biochemical parameters between the control group and the groups that received different amounts of borage extract. There were also no changes in histopathology study. In blood parameters, the level of erythrocytes, hematocrit and hemoglobin decreased to 50mg/kg, whereas the level of MCH and MCV decreased in high doses. Conclusion: This article suggested that borage did not cause significant damage to the heart tissue in mice model. In hematology factors, significant changes were observed in erythrocytes and related parameters. Therefore, hematotoxicity of consumption this plant should be considered at high doses.

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Kelley, Kathleen M., Bridget K. Behe, John A. Biernbaum, and Kenneth L. Poff. "Combinations of Colors and Species of Containerized Edible Flowers: Effect on Consumer Preferences." HortScience 37, no. 1 (February 2002): 218–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.37.1.218.

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Do consumers prefer certain combinations of edible-flower species and colors over other assortments? Two hundred and sixteen people were self-selected for a survey at a Michigan flower show to rate 15 photographs of edible flowers arranged in 0.24-L, clear, plastic containers. Each container had either an individual species or combinations of Viola tricolor L. `Helen Mount' (viola), Borago officinalis L. (borage), and Tropaeolum majus L. `Jewel Mix' and `Tip Top Apricot' (nasturtium). To determine what color(s) of nasturtium participants would prefer, containers held either orange and crimson, peach and cream, or a combination of all four flower colors. Participants rated photographs using a semantic differential on a 7-point Likert scale (7 being the highest rating) based on their likelihood to purchase each container of edible flowers to serve to family and friends in a meal. Participants were asked an additional 21 questions regarding their attitudes about edible flowers, gardening habits, dining habits, and several demographic questions. Responses were subjected to conjoint analysis (SPSS Inc., Chicago). The addition of other species to nasturtium (viola, borage, viola, and borage) had a greater relative importance (53%) than the color of the nasturtium (47%). A mixture of all four nasturtium colors (peach, cream, orange, and crimson) was awarded the highest utility (0.091). Peach and cream nasturtiums or containers that did not contain any nasturtium flowers at all were least preferred (-0.070 and -0.083 utilities, respectively). Mean ratings that participants assigned to containers of edible flowers supported these utilities. The container assigned the highest mean rating included nasturtiums of all four colors, yet 66% were unlikely to purchase any container with 10% insect damage. Differences in preferences were noted using selected demographic characteristics such as age, gender, and income.

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Martini, Nataly. "Potion or Poison? Borage." Journal of Primary Health Care 13, no. 3 (2021): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc19564.

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Morton, Julia F. "Country Borage (Coleus amboinicusLour.):." Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants 1, no. 1-2 (July 13, 1992): 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j044v01n01_09.

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Scrimgeour, Charlie, and Peter Clough. "Authentication of borage oil." Lipid Technology 26, no. 10 (October 2014): 230–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lite.201400059.

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AKBARPOUR, Vahid, Hossein ARUEI, and Seyyed Hossein NEMATI. "Phytochemical and Morphological Attributes of Borage (Borago officinalis) Affected by Salicylic Acid as an Enhancer." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 6, no. 2 (June 10, 2014): 138–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb629292.

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The objective of this study was to determine the response of borage (Borago officinalis) phytochemical and morphological attributes in relation to application of different levels of salicylic acid. Borage planted in pots and salicylic acid was sprayed on the shoots at concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mM with 6 replications in a completely randomized block design. Morphological attributes such as shoot height, shoot dry matter, flower dry matter, flower weight and shoot wet weight were measured. In the other hand, phytochemical attributes such as ion leakage, chlorophyll a, b, carotenoid, and antioxidant activity were also investigated under induced stress by different concentrations of salicylic acid. Results showed that some morphological traits such as shoot dry matter (31.23%), flower dry matter (20.43%), flower weight (38.54 g), shoot wet weight (109.43 g), possessed the highest values under treatment of 1.5 mM salicylic acid. Also, some phytochemical traits in plants treated with 1.5 mM salicylic acid reached the highest values during the growth stage with the exception of ion leakage (0.54%). These measured traits with higher values consisted of chlorophyll a (4.16 mg.l-1), chlorophyll b (1.65 mg.l-1), total chlorophyll (5.81 mg.l-1), carotenoid (1.18 mg.l-1), antioxidant activity (53.73%).

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Floris, Ignazio, Michelina Pusceddu, Pietro Niolu, and Alberto Satta. "Where Is the Honey Bee Queen Flying? The Original Case of a Foraging Queen." Insects 12, no. 11 (November 17, 2021): 1035. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12111035.

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During a bee fauna survey in the countryside of northern Sardinia, a honey bee queen (Apis mellifera L.) was detected while foraging on a borage (Borago officinalis L.) flower in Uri, Province of Sassari, Italy, most likely during an orientation flight before mating. Morphological details, detectable from photos with the naked eye and stereomicroscopic observations, confirmed that the honey bee queen was sucking nectar from a flower. The enormous development of the abdomen, lack of pollen-collecting structures in the legs and other characteristics such as the typical distally bilobed shape of the mandibles, with long hairs on their outer surface, proved the structural differences between the queen specimen and the other castes of bees. The queen’s proboscis, which is shorter compared to the workers, may have been counterbalanced by the shape and nectar production of the borage flower. This new observation proves that the queen can feed herself under natural conditions, likely to obtain the energy required for flying. Although we cannot exclude disturbing factors that could explain this foraging behaviour of a queen observed for the first time, this note opens a new scenario and discusses this new finding in the context of the available literature on the queen’s behaviour and questions to be answered.

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Negroni, Maria Silvia, Arianna Marengo, Donatella Caruso, Alessandro Tayar, Patrizia Rubiolo, Flavio Giavarini, Simone Persampieri, et al. "A Case Report of Accidental Intoxication following Ingestion of Foxglove Confused with Borage: High Digoxinemia without Major Complications." Case Reports in Cardiology 2019 (November 29, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9707428.

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Foxglove (Digitalis purpurea L.) leaves are frequently confused with borage (Borago officinalis L.), which is traditionally used as a food ingredient. Due to the presence of the cardiac glycosides, mostly digitoxin, foxglove leaves are poisonous to human and may be fatal if ingested. A 55-year-old Caucasian woman complaining weakness, fatigue, nausea, and vomiting was admitted to the Emergency Department. Her symptoms started following consumption of a home-made savory pie with 5 leaves from a plant bought in a garden nursery as borage. Digoxinemia was high (10.4 μg/L). The patient was admitted to the cardiac intensive care unit for electrocardiographic monitoring. Two days after admission, a single episode of advanced atrioventricular (AV) block was recorded by telemetry, followed by a second-degree AV block episode. Plasma samples at day 11 were analysed by LC-MS spectrometry, and gitoxin was identified suggesting that this compound may be responsible for the clinical toxicity rather than digoxin. In the case of Digitalis spp. poisoning, laboratory data should be interpreted according to the clinical picture and method of analysis used since a variety of glycosides, which are chemically similar to the cardioactive glycosides but without or with fewer cardiac effects, may be incorrectly recognized as digoxin by the test, giving misleading results.

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De Spirt, Silke, Wilhelm Stahl, Hagen Tronnier, Helmut Sies, Marie Bejot, Jean-Marc Maurette, and Ulrike Heinrich. "Intervention with flaxseed and borage oil supplements modulates skin condition in women." British Journal of Nutrition 101, no. 3 (September 2, 2008): 440–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114508020321.

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Ingestion of selected nutrients modulates dermal properties. In the present study, two groups of women ingested flaxseed or borage oil for 12 weeks. The control group received a placebo containing medium-chain fatty acids. Dose was 2·2 g total fatty acids/d with α-linolenic acid and linoleic acid as major constituents in the flaxseed oil group; in the borage oil group linoleic and γ-linolenic acid were predominant. In the flaxseed oil group, the contribution of α-linolenic acid to total fatty acids in plasma was significantly increased on weeks 6 and 12, whereas there was an increase in γ-linolenic acid in the borage oil group (P < 0·05). Skin irritation was performed by nicotinate treatment, and changes in skin reddening and blood flow were monitored. Compared to week 0, skin reddening was diminished in both groups; blood flow was also lowered. Skin hydration was significantly increased after 12 weeks of treatment compared to week 0, with flaxseed or borage oil (P < 0·05). Transepidermal water loss was decreased in both oil groups by about 10 % after 6 weeks of supplementation. A further decrease was determined after 12 weeks in the flaxseed oil group. Surface evaluation of living skin revealed that roughness and scaling of the skin were significantly decreased with flaxseed and borage oil comparing week 0 and week 12 (P < 0·05). Except for hydration, none of the parameters was affected in the placebo group. The present data provide evidence that skin properties can be modulated by an intervention with dietary lipids.

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Leos-Rivas, Catalina, M. Julia Verde-Star, Lidia Osuna Torres, Azucena Oranday-Cardenas, Catalina Rivas-Morales, M. Porfiria Barron-Gonzalez, Mario R. Morales-Vallarta, and Delia E. Cruz-Vega. "In vitro Amoebicidal Activity of Borage (Borago officinalis) Extract on Entamoeba histolytica." Journal of Medicinal Food 14, no. 7-8 (July 2011): 866–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2010.0164.

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Montaner, C., E. Floris, and J. M. Alvarez. "Is self-compatibility the main breeding system in borage (Borago officinalis L.)?" Theoretical and Applied Genetics 101, no. 1-2 (July 2000): 185–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051467.

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Galwey, N. W., and A. J. Shirlin. "Selection of borage (Borago officinalis) as a seed crop for pharmaceutical uses." Heredity 65, no. 2 (October 1990): 249–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/hdy.1990.93.

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Dastborhan, Soheila, and Kazem Ghassemi-Golezani. "Influence of seed priming and water stress on selected physiological traits of borage." Folia Horticulturae 27, no. 2 (December 1, 2015): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fhort-2015-0025.

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Abstract Borage is a valuable medicinal plant with various constituents in leaves, flowers and seeds. Hence, it is important to improve the performance of this medicinal plant under different environmental conditions. Thus, two field experiments were arranged as split-plots based on a RCB design with three replications in 2012 and 2013, to evaluate the effects of seed priming and different irrigation intervals on selected physiological properties of borage leaves. Irrigation intervals (irrigation after 60, 90, 120, 150 mm evaporation from Class A pans, respectively) and priming treatments (control, water, KNO3 and KH2PO4) were allocated to the main and sub plots, respectively. The chlorophyll content index was enhanced under limited irrigation treatments, mainly due to a decrease in leaf area index and intercepting more radiation. However, the membrane stability index was stable under different irrigation intervals. Decreased relative water content and leaf area index and increased leaf temperature under lower water availability led to some reductions in the grain yield of borage. All of the priming techniques, particularly hydro-priming, enhanced the seedling emergence rate, leaf area index and consequently grain yield per unit area. Therefore, seed hydro-priming can be used to improve the field performance of borage, particularly when sufficient water is available.

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Mutia, Maya Sari, Elvia Annisa, and Suhartomi Suhartomi. "ANTI-BACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF INDIAN BORAGE (Coleus Amboinicus) LEAVES AGAINST BACILLUS CEREUS." Healthy Tadulako Journal (Jurnal Kesehatan Tadulako) 7, no. 1 (January 25, 2021): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22487/htj.v7i1.151.

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Bacillus cereus is aerobic, positive gram, and spore-forming bacilli bacteria. The enterotoxin of this bacteria can cause food poisonous that manifest as diarrhea and vomitus. Some previous study has been performed to explore the antibacterial effect of Indian borage leaf, but none of them were explore the antibacterial effect of Indian borage against Bacillus cereus. Hence this study was design to explore the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of Indian borage against Bacillus cereus. This was an experimental study with post only control group design. Ethanol extract was extracted by maceration methods and antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus was evaluated by disc diffusion methods. The obtained ethanol extract was dissolved into some concentraions (1 g/ml, 0.8 g/ml, 0.6 g/ml, 0.4 g/ml, 0.2 g/ml). Data was analysed by One Way ANOVA and followed by Post hoc Test Tukey HSD using SPSS 25. Ethanol extract of Coleus amboinicus showed significant difference at the two highest concentration group against the lowest concentration (P- Value < 0.05). The average of inhibition zone diameter from the lowest (0.2 gr/ml) and highest (1.0 gr/ml) concentration were 14.87 mm and 31.50 mm, respectively. Overall, ethanol extract of Indian borage leaves had potential antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus. This antibacterial activity increase followed by the increase of the concentration.

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Burkhart, Eric P. "Pulmonarias and the Borage Family." Economic Botany 57, no. 4 (November 2003): 664. http://dx.doi.org/10.1663/0013-0001(2003)057[0664:dfabre]2.0.co;2.

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Schmid, Rudolf, and Masha Bennett. "Pulmonarias and the Borage Family." Taxon 52, no. 3 (August 2003): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3647482.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Borage'

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