Journal articles on the topic 'Book: sga sal'

Daniel Panzac's newest book is both refreshing and sad. It is refreshing because, so often, books on Mediterranean commerce tend to paint a picture of the eternal sea, where ships ply their trade in 1700 much as they had in 900. Panzac's book is a story instead of abrupt shifts and the ability of individuals—in this case, Muslim North Africans—to respond to new commercial opportunities by venturing into previously untested waters. It is a sad book because it documents, in great detail, the ultimate exclusion of this same group of people from the ports of southern Europe, particularly Marseilles. This exclusion was one of the reasons that the North Africans returned to piracy. The French, of course, used the extirpation of piracy as one of the main justifications for their invasion and subsequent occupation of Algeria in 1830.

This article discusses two children's books, The Whale Watchers (2022), written by Dougie Poynter and illustrated by Amberin Huq, and Calling the Whales (2023), written by Jasbinder Bilan and illustrated by Skylar White, as well as one picture book, The Tale of the Whale (2022), written by Karen Swann and illustrated by Padmacandra. Highlighting the relationship between children and whales, the article draws upon ecocriticism and ecology in the context of children’s literature. Arguing that these narratives present both species as climate activists, the article also explores the significance of the text, not only for the purpose of exposing environmental issues, but by also contributing to environmental literacy and pedagogy. This article aims to conclude that whales’ representation throughout the narratives bestows ocean awareness, leading the children to experience and engage with the sea.

The realist-themed anti-crime drama The Knockout features cracking down on black and evil forces, follows a fight between right and wrong, and advocates compliance with the law. Since its inception, it has been recognized by viewers and has set off a ratings boom at one point. The narrative structure in the drama is mainly a three-act narrative, incorporating innovative narrative structure elements such as fractal and restructured time settings, reverse dual itinerary hedging, and the closed ending of the classic narrative, making the whole and part of the TV narrative structure more reasonable and innovative.

Oswald Spengler (1880-1936) was one of the most influential philosophers of history between WW I and WW II. His book “The Decline of the West” (1918) made him famous. In this book Spengler attested that the phase of the West as a productive culture is over and that the phase of civilization has started. In the years after the publication of his main work Spengler started to get more and more interested in Ancient History in its broadest sense. He argued against a Eurocentric view of history and suggested to reconsider our common understanding of history and its epochs. In the last part of the paper I try to show how Spengler conceptualized his universal history by the example of a lecture given by him on the war chariot and its influence on world history.

This article is a summary of the Dalrymple Lectures given in 2009. It reviews the archaeology of north-west European economics, and then contrasts this with the new evidence for 7th- to 9th-century long-distance commerce in the Adriatic Sea region and its implications for the changing economic circumstances in peninsula Italy. The essay attempts to take a new stance on my book Dark Age Economics (1982) and, using new archaeological evidence, offers new interpretations of the rise of the Carolingian economy as well as the limited capacity of the western Middle Byzantine economy.

Sign-Based Construction Grammar (sbcg) is, on the one hand, a formalized version of Berkeley Construction Grammar (bcg), and, on the other hand, a further development of constructionist Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar (hpsg). The volume edited by Hans Boas and Ivan Sag is the first book length presentation of the framework. Its centerpiece is a 130-page synopsis of the theory by Ivan Sag. The other contributions to the volume provide background, justification, case studies, an extension to diachronic syntax and a presentation of the FrameNet Constructicon. This review gives a guided tour of the framework, explaining its central notions and assumptions, as well as the notation in which they are cast. It also compares the sbcg framework with other types of Construction Grammar and with hpsg. The case studies are summarized and briefly evaluated.

Dimitrie I. Ghica began translating – in late 19th century – from Greek into Romanian Herodotus’ The Histories, in four volumes. It was a tremendous effort carried out by the person who in 1880 was awarded by the Romanian Academy for having translated the 4th book of the work in question. Decades later, his name seems to have been forgotten; a couple of press articles managed to point out, though, aspects of his biography . Posterity does seem to have forgotten about him too soon. In the following lines, my endeavour is to econstruct – even partially – the biography of a person with an important diplomatic and literary activity.

The city of Rio de Janeiro is known by its natural beauties. The mountains and the sea make the city the postcard of Brazil. The sculpture of the carioca landscape is closely related to the augen gneiss, very resistant rock to the weathering and, for this reason, it stands out in the relief. It gives form for Sugar Loaf and Corcovado, for example. Augen gneiss was used in the construction of most of the historical buildings of the city, including museums and churches, many of them were built in the 19th century. It was used in the sculpture of ornaments, facades and frames of doors and windows. The exploitation of the augen gneiss was presented by Jean Baptiste Debret in his book "Voyage Pittoresque et Historique au Brésil". A picture of quarry is presented at Morro da Glória and describes the extraction method by slave labor. He informes that the augen gneiss is softer, less expensive and more easily exploited. It was destined, mainly, to the parts of the buildings that should be sculpted. This rock is still present in an important event of the history of the brazilian arts. Pedra do Sal, a stairway sculpted in the augen gneiss Downtown, was the place that African people met in the past to tell their histories, to do religious cults and to sing. In these meetings in Pedra do Sal samba was born

The Melian dialogue in the 5th book of Thucydides can be seen as one of the most important texts for political science. Two opposing political ideas are confronted by the historian: on the one hand Thucydides presents the Athenians as promoters of the idea of legitimacy of unlimited growth of power; on the other hand, there were the Melians who did not accept the ‘law of the stronger’. The Melians were conquered, and their arguments could not save them, but in the longer perspective the Athenian empire was destined to collapse. Through the dialogue, Thucydides compares the ‘law of the stronger’ ignoring the rights of others, and the appeal to justice by the weaker party trying to demonstrate their reasons to oppose the imperialist power.

We mark the appearance of a publication that deals with a subject of interest to the general public, namely the story of the legendary Spartacus. We look at the issue of slaves in the ancient world, which has inspired novelists and filmmakers over the years. Barry Strauss is a professor at Cornell University and a renowned expert on ancient military history. He has written or edited several works in his sphere of influence: The Fathers and Sons of Athens: Ideology and Society in the Age of Peloponnesian Warfare (Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1993), The Battle of Salamis (Simon&Schuster, New York, 2005), The Trojan War (Simon&Schuster, New York, 2007), Masters of Command (Simon&Schuster, New York, 2012), The Death of Caesar (Simon&Schuster, New York, 2015), and Ten Caesars (Simon&Schuster, New York, 2019).

Reviews of Folk Belief as an Animated World Folktro. En besjälad värld. Kurt Almqvist & Lotta Gröning (eds.). Det berättas…! Muntligt berättande som självförståelse, estradkonst och kulturarv. Alf Arvidsson & Katarzyna Wolanik Skillingsvisene i Norge 1550–1950. Studier i en forsømt kulturarv. Siv Gøril Brandtzæg & Karin Strand (eds.) Arven fra skillingsvisene. Fra en sal på hospitalet til en sofa fra IKEA. Siv Gøril Brandtzæg & Bjarne Markussen (eds.) Handwritten Newspapers. An Alternative Medium during the Early Modern and Modern Periods. Ed. by Heiko Droste, Kirsti Salmi-Niklander Simon Ekström: Sjödränkt. Spektakulär materialitet från havet Elin Franzén: Radio. Vardagsliv tillsammans med ett massmedium. Institutionen för etnologi, religionshistoria och genusvetenskap, Stockholm 2021 Maria Hansson: Osynliga band. Folktro som medel för social kritik i Victoria Benedictssons, Anne Charlotte Lefflers och Selma Lagerlöfs författarskap Ida Hughes Tidlund: Autonomous Åland. A Hundred Years of Borderwork in the Baltic Sea. Dissertation Ernst Håkon Jahr: Nybrottsmannen Andreas Faye. Med bibliografi og ikonografi ved Jan Faye Braadland Dagrún Ósk Jónsdóttir: Fangar hefđarinnar: konur og kvenleiki í íslenskum þjóđsögum. Trapped within Tradition Women: Femininity and Gendered Power Relations in Icelandic Folk Legends. Dissertation Kim Silow Kallenberg: Sörjbara liv Tuukka Karlsson: “Come Here, You Are Needed”: Registers in Viena Karelian Communicative Incantations. Dissertation Virus. Historier fra koronapandemien. Audun Kjus & Cathrine Hasselberg (eds.) Barbro Klein: I tosaforornas värld. Gustav berättar Sagor från Bohuslän. Uppteckningar i urval och med kommentar av Bengt af Klintberg Teppo Korhonen: Karhuverkosta susipantaan. Karhun ja suden pyynti keskiajalta 2000-luvulle. Summary: From bear net to wolf collar. The hunting of the bear and the wolf from the Middle Ages to the beginning of the 21st century Karin Sandell: Parasiter och ”bättre folk”. Affekt, performans och performativitet i näthat mot det svenska i Finland. Dissertation Kirsten Sass Bak under medvirken af Lene Halskov Hansen: Ballader, skæmt og skillingstryk. Fortællinger om dansk sanghistorie frem til 1900 Viliina Silvonen: Apeus arkistoäänitteellä. Äänellä itkeminen performanssina ja affektiivisena käytäntönä Aunuksen Karjalassa / Affectivity and emotion in the archival tapes: Lamenting as performance and affective practice in Olonets Karelia. Dissertation Fredrik Skott: Vardagsskrock. Från abrakadabra till önskebrunn

This article explores an important phase in the survival of the sea shanty as a collected, recorded and documented musical form. The final demise of the sailing ship as an economic mode of transport in the early twentieth century inspired a plethora of books and memoirs celebrating the age of sail, and many authors focused on the sea shanty. Collectors debated the accuracy of written versions, the sanitisation of lyrics and the likely origins of particular songs, trying to establish both the ‘authentic’ shanty, and their own varied maritime qualifications for writing about it. The shanty also became important to wider debates about national identity, with its multicultural origins sitting awkwardly with the mainstream folk movement’s search for an English musical tradition.

The present study aims to show sequences of the life of the inhabitants of ancient Palestine (the ancient Israelites, having Abraham as their ancestor), with particular emphasis on education and training: educators, strategies, forms, contents, etc. In particular, we will use the scriptural texts of the Old Testament, from which we will extract the information we need and which will serve as a basis for that presented. Our objective is to present the way in which education was transmitted and assimilated at that time, in accordance with the cultural traditions, with the mentality and with the customs of the time and of the people of Israel, but also to offer an analysis from the perspective of modern pedagogy, with arguments on the validity or limits of certain elements. The study will also make reference to aspects related to the social life of the ancient Israelites, to their occupations, but also to interests which derive from the sciences and the arts, as they emerge either from the books of the Old Testament or research and studies that have been published on the proposed topic. Rezumat. Studiul de față își propune să prezinte secvențe din viața locuitorilor

Purpose: To investigate the effect of combination of interferon-a with ambroxol on children with pneumonia, and its effect on serum amyloid A (SAA). Methods: A total of 140 children who presented with pneumonia in Cangzhou Central Hospital from January 2019 to November 2020 were selected and randomly assigned to control group and study group. All the children were treated with conventional therapy against cough and phlegm, anti-infection, oxygen inhalation, antipyretic, water and electrolyte correction, and nutritional support. The control group received aerosol inhalation of ambroxol + physiological saline, in addition to conventional treatment. The study group was given aerosol inhalation of recombinant human interferon-α1b + ambroxol + physiological saline. The two groups were treated continuously for 7 days. The time taken for clinical symptoms to subside in each group, as well as serum levels of amyloid A (SAA), interleukin 6 (IL-6), immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) before treatment and 7 days post-treatment were evaluated. Clinical efficacy and incidence of adverse reactions after 7 days of treatment were also obtained and compared. Results: The time taken for symptom disappearance was significantly shorter in the study group than in control group, and inflammation indices were lower in the study group than in control group (p < 0.05). Levels of IgA, IgM, and IgG in the two groups after treatment were significantly elevated, but they were markedly higher in the observation group than in control group (p < 0.05). Clinical treatment efficacy was superior in the study group, relative to control (p < 0.05). However, no statistical disparity in incidence of adverse reactions was witnessed between the two groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: A combination of interferon-α1b and Ambroxol may be a boon in the treatment of children with pneumonia due to its efficacy and effect on inflammatory response and SAA levels.

The study of islands in archaeology was originally biased toward the view that island societies were isolated, a stereotype that continues to be perpetuated in books and television. However, recent research has acknowledged that island societies are generally part of a network and exposed to outside influences. This paper applies island theory to the Northern and Western Isles of Scotland, specifically during the Norse settlement from the 9th century AD onward. Although today these areas are considered on the periphery of Britain, these islands were once at the heart of the Norse settlement of the North Atlantic. The settlement remains of the period in the Northern and Western Isles indicate the inhabitants kept their focus towards the sea, and their success as a central stop-over point within the North Atlantic zone is due partly to the fact that they are islands. This paper will examine to what extent the Northern and Western Isles fit into modern island theory and whether the Norse considered them islands. The paper finishes with a discussion of whether the British Isles and Ireland are, from a theoretical point of view, islands.

When I was a child, my favorite book was Wonderful Journey by Selma Lagerlof in Hungarian translation. The story is about a boy who is turned into a Tom Thumb for bad behavior. He joins a flock of wild geese and travels with them on the back of a goose on a series of adventures through towns and forests, even under the sea to an “Atlantis.” He speaks the language of the animals and learns good behavior. As a reward, after a year, he is transformed back into a regular boy and goes home. He looks up wonderingly at the flock of geese going on another adventure but can no longer understand the language of animals. He is sad. At this point, I always cried. (I did not know that the story, written in 1907, took place in Sweden and was a geography lesson of Sweden, specifically. It is available now in English as the Wonderful Adventures of Nils. Selma Lagerlof received the Nobel Prize.)

This experimental study presents the results of the growth of herbaceous plants of the genus Arum (Arum korolkowii) of a red-book nature. The experiments were carried out by the DWC (deep-sea culture) method in a low-volume hydroponic installation in the conditions of the South clinical and genetic laboratory (South Kazakhstan Medical Academy). The paper also presents analyses and analysis of various substrates for conducting experiments in closed and open ground, growing and developing plants for industrial and private purposes, and also examines the patterns of substrate selection depending on the goals of the experiment. Solutions to the noted problems are proposed. Conclusions about the optimal conditions of cultivation of the studied crops are formulated. A review of the literature data on the medicinal plant Arum endemic to the territory of Kazakhstan and of great interest for phytochemical study. The main reasons for the disappearance of many types of these plants in recent years are the negative interference of wild animals and humans, and the deterioration of environmental conditions. When discussing the medicinal properties of plants of the Araceae family, it is doubly sad, especially their importance cannot be underestimated. Despite the fact that these herbs reduce the signs of a number of pathologies and facilitate their course, medicinal species of Arum in Kazakhstan are in danger of extinction. On October 31, 2006, the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan entered a list of plants in the Red Book, including the plant of the Arum.

Cosmetics have fascinated the human race for ages. Cosmetics have been found to benefit in several ways such as enhancing appearance, protection, cleansing etc. If fortified with the benefit of herbal ingredients, these personal care products have proven to be a boon for many. The current study involves the formulation of seven shampoos using different herbal extracts and their comparative investigation for physicochemical and performance characteristics. Various herbal extracts using components such as coffee, fenugreek, green tea, bringaraj, onion seeds, orange oil, and lemon oil were developed and compared against the marketed standard. The effect of various extracts on the parameters such as surface tension, foam test and foam stability test, viscosity, cleansing test, sag test, dirt dispersion, wetting time and pH was successfully tested. All the formulations were found to be beneficial in eliminating oil, dirt, and dandruff, encouraging smooth, silky hair appearance, fortifying and darkening hair without altering or harming hair tresses. Our findings suggest the incorporation of fenugreek, lemon and orange peels to increase the cleansing ability. However, the inclusion of onion seeds and green tea has been found to be beneficial in the generation and stability of the foam.

Стрела провеса является важным параметром для безопасной эксплуатации воздушных линий электропередачи и может быть использована в качестве одного из основополагающих критериев анализа интенсивности гололедообразования. В данной статье рассматривается возможность определения стрелы провеса при закреплении на одном из проводов фазы датчика, измеряющего угол между проводом и плоскостью земли в непосредственной близости от опоры. Для формализации эмпирической зависимости был проведен натурный эксперимент, моделирующий физические свойства провеса провода ВЛ, размещенного на опорах. Обработка полученных данных и аппроксимация эмпирической функции была реализована в среде MATLAB. После обработки данных была получена эмпирическая функция, которая может быть использована в автономных системах мониторинга для контроля стрелы провеса провода. Автономное устройство мониторинга гололедной обстановки на проводах ВЛ, разработанное авторами, для которого была найдена рассматриваемая эмпирическая зависимость, позволяет следить за интенсивностью гололедообразования, а также контролировать массу гололедных отложений и среднюю толщину стенки гололеда. Информация о гололедной обстановке передается на диспетчерский пункт посредством GSM модема. Увеличение интенсивности гололедных отложений вызывает увеличение стрелы провеса провода, относительно его колебаний, обусловленных технологическими параметрами, поэтому система мониторинга гололеда включающая анализ угла провеса провода является аналогом тензометрических датчиков тяжения, но не требует реконструкции ВЛ и отключения последней на время модернизации. Устройство оборудовано также дополнительными датчиками, что позволяет увеличить вероятность правильного обнаружения опасной гололедной обстановки. The sagging boom is an important parameter for the safe operation of overhead power lines and can be used as one of the fundamental criteria for the analysis of ice formation intensity. This article discusses the possibility of determining the sagging boom when a sensor phase is fixed to one of the wires, which measures the angle between the wire and the ground plane in the immediate vicinity of the support. To formalize empirical dependence, a full-scale experiment was conducted that simulates the physical properties of the LL wire held on supports. The processing of the obtained data and the approximation of the empirical function were implemented in the MATLAB environment. After processing the data, an empirical function was obtained that can be used in autonomous monitoring systems to control the wire sagging boom.An Autonomous device for monitoring the ice situation on the overhead lines, developed by the authors, for which the empirical dependence was found, al-lows to monitor the intensity of ice formation, as well as to control the mass of ice deposits and the average thickness of the ice wall. Information about the ice condi-tions is transferred to the control station via GSM modem. An autonomous device for monitoring the ice situation on VL wires, developed by the authors, for which the considered empirical dependence was found, allows you to monitor the intensity of ice formation, as well as control the mass of ice deposits and the average thickness of the ice wall. Ice information is transmitted to the control room via the GSM modem. Increasing the intensity of icy deposits causes an increase in the wire sag boom relative to its fluctuations due to process parameters, therefore, the ice monitoring system including analysis of the wire sag angle is an analogue of strain gauges, but does not require reconstruction of the VL and disconnection of the latter during modernization. The device is also equipped with additional sensors, which increases the probability of correct detection of a dangerous ice situation.

The problem in the field of theology is that conflicts often occur regarding the understanding of divinity when one religious concept is compared to another. The purpose of this research according to religious studies is for the benefit of SAA, namely to find out Mukti Ali and Millard J. Erickson and to compare to find out the differences and similarities that occur between Mukti Ali and Millard J. Erickson so that conclusions can be drawn between the two views. in this research includes library research (library research), namely collecting data sourced from the library, either in the form of research reports, journals, books related to the title of this research. Data was collected by collecting various references with other publications that are still related to the object under study. The research findings illustrate that there are differences regarding the concept of theology when compared to the thoughts of Mukti Ali as an Islamic thinker, and Millard J. Ericson who is always a Christian thinker. The results of this study indicate that Theology according to Mukti Ali is a science which believes that Allah is One and there is nothing similar to Him. Meanwhile, according to Millard J. Erickson, theology is how we believe and understand God that God consists of God the Father, God the Son and God the Holy Spirit. Mukti Ali's view on theology is that theology must be studied because by studying theology we will understand more about divinity and we can know the characteristics of God. According to Millard J. Erickson, by understanding theology we can understand how the trinity is and we can know that God's love is so great that He sacrificed his only son to atone for human sins.

Literature data and new data on the distribution of bats of the Pipistrellus pipistrellus/pygmaeus complex in the Cis-Urals and the Urals are summarized. During the expeditionary work of 2015-2018 and 2023, the habitation of Soprano Pipistrelle P. pygmaeus was established in the Udmurt Republic, the Republic of Bashkortostan and the Orenburg region, and the search for Common Pipistrelle P. pipistrellus s. str., as well as in the adjacent territories of the Volga region, did not give a positive result. Previously cited in literary sources, information about the habitation of P. pipistrellus in the Cis-Urals and the Urals was not supported by museum copies, so they cannot be veri ed. In this regard, we believe that all indications of nds in the Cis-Urals and Urals Common Pipistrelle P. pipistrellus made by other authors should be attributed to the form P. pygmaeus. In total, we caught ten individuals of P. pygmaeus (6♀♀ad, 3♀♀ and 1♂ sad). In examined animals, morphometric indicators and external diagnostic signs turned out to be typical for the species. Soprano Pipistrelle is found in oodplain forests in lowland and low-mountain areas with heights up to 250 m above sea level. The Cis-Urals and Urals are included in the eld of breeding by females of P. pygmaeus, as evidenced by the ndings of adult females and subadalt. Adult males in the study area were not recorded. Beyond the Ural Range, the nds of P. pygmaeus are unknown, thus, the western foothills of the Urals are the eastern border of the distribution of the species. The seasonal movement routes and wintering sites are not known. In the Cis-Urals and Urals, Soprano Pipistrelle is a very rare, locally common species. To preserve populations and identify ecological features of the habitat of P. pygmaeus on the border of the range, it is advisable to conduct monitoring studies and add the species to the Red Books of the Udmurt Republic, the Republic of Bashkortostan and the Orenburg Region.

Abstract Background: Air leak syndrome (ALS) such as pneumothorax is a relatively rare pulmonary complications following SCT. We investigated patients who developed ALS after SCT to clarify a clinical significance or its impact on transplant outcome. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively surveyed 1672 patients who received SCT between January 1993 and July 2006 at 10 hospitals participating in the KSGCT. The medical records of those patients were reviewed at each institution. ALS including pneumothorax (PT), mediastinal emphysema (ME) or subcutaneous emphysema (SE) was diagnosed by findings of chest X-ray and/or computed tomography images. Results: Twenty-two patients (1.3%) were diagnosed as having SCT-associated ALS. Underlying diseases included 11 AML, 6 ALL, 2 CML, 2 ML and 1 SAA. The median age of recipients with ALS was younger than those without ALS (25 years: range, 12–53 versus 38 years: range, 8–62, p=0.002), and there was a male predominance in recipients with ALS (M/F ratio; 10:1 versus 1.6:1 p=0.0002) .The median onset of ALS was day +574 (range, day +105 to +4847) after SCT. The types of ALS were as follows; PT in 8 patients: ME/SE in 7, and PT+ME/SE in 7. Thirteen patients received bone marrow (8) or peripheral blood (5) from related donors and 9 received bone marrow from unrelated donors. Myeloablative conditioning was carried out on all but one patients. Total body irradiation or total lymphnode irradiation was used for 19 patients. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis was attempted with cyclosporine in 11 patients or tacrolimus in 11 patients. Acute GVHD (grade II–IV) occurred in 13 (59%) patients and extensive chronic GVHD in 19 (86%). The history of steroid therapy was confirmed in 21 (95%) patients and 17 (77%) were still on immunosuppressive therapy with steroids at the diagnosis of ALS. Before developing ALS sixteen patients (73%) had experienced non-infectious pulmonary complications (NIPC) including interstitial pneumonia (IP) (5 patients), bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) (5), bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP) (3), IP+BOOP (2), and radiation pneumonitis, and the median time from the diagnosis of NIPC to the onset of ALS was 56 days (range, 3–4421 days). The treatment of ALS included drainage in 13, increase of immunosuppressant in 3, and observation in 6. Improvement was obtained in 14 patients, deterioration in 4, and the rest had no change. Thirteen patients died and respiratory complications were the direct causes of death in 9. Overall survival at 2 years from the onset of ALS in patients with PT, PM/SE and PT complicated with ME/SE was 62.5%, 57.1% and 0%, respectively (P=0.0125). Conclusions: Although SCT-associated ALS is a rare complication, it is not infrequent in patients who developed NIPC requiring steroids therapy after SCT. The unfavorable outcome in patients presenting PT and PM/SE requires better understanding its pathogenesis and innovative therapies.

Suave, mari magno turbantibus aequora ventise terra magnum alterius spectare laborem;non quia vexari quemquamst iucunda voluptas,sed quibus ipse malis careas quia cernere suave est.suave etiam belli certamina magna tueri 5per campos instructa tua sine parte pericli.sed nil dulcius est, bene quam munita tenereedita doctrina sapientum templa serena,despicere unde queas alios passimque videreerrare atque viam palantis quaerere vitae, 10certare ingenio, contendere nobilitate,noctes atque dies niti praestante laboread summas emergere opes rerumque potiri.o miseras hominum mentes, o pectora caeca!qualibus in tenebris vitae quantisque periclis 15degitur hoc aevi quodcumquest! nonne viderenil aliud sibi naturam latrare, nisi utquicorpore seiunctus dolor absit, mensque fruaturiucundo sensu cura semota metuque?(Lucr. 2.1–19)It is pleasant, when the winds stir up the waters on the great sea,to watch the great struggle of another from land;not because it is a great pleasure that anyone be troubled,but because it is pleasant to observe the troubles you yourself lack.It is also pleasant to watch the great contests of war 5spread out over the plains without taking any part in the danger.But nothing is more pleasing than to hold lofty yet calm templesthat are well defended by the teachings of wise men,from which you can look down and see others everywherego astray and wander while seeking the path of their life, 10competing in wits and contending over their nobility;throughout nights and days they strive with outstanding labourto come out at the peak of riches and have power over everything.O wretched minds of men, O blind hearts!In what shadows of life and in how many dangers 15is this bit of life, whatever it may be, being spent by you! Do you not seethat nature barks for nothing other than this – thatgrief be separated from the body and far away, and that the mind enjoypleasant feelings cut off from anxiety and fear? Epicurus' advice to his young friend Pythocles to ‘flee all education, raising up the top sail’ (παιδείαν δὲ πᾶσαν, μακάριε, ϕεῦγε τἀκάτιον ἀράμενος, Diog.Laert. 10.6 = Epicurus fr. 163 Us.) contains an allusion to Circe's advice to Odysseus in Odyssey 12.37–58. For much of the Greek (and Roman) world, education was based on the Homeric epics, and thus Epicurus' statement represents a complicated position towards Homer in particular and poetry in general. Epicurean philosophy rejects poetry because it is misleading about the gods and the nature of the soul, but Epicurus and his followers, most notably Philodemus and Lucretius, engage in poetic allusion and even the composition of poetry. Much work has been done on allusions to poetry in all three writers, but I hope here to bring out a heretofore unnoticed poetic allusion at the start of De rerum natura Book 2, in which Lucretius makes a programmatic statement about not only his philosophy, but also his poetry and its place in the poetic tradition.

Abstract Abstract 4462 Introduction: Allo-HSCT is the curative treatment for hematologic fatal diseases, and survival rates have been substantially improved since its introduction. With steadily growing number of long term survivors after transplantation, late physiologic side effects are also increasingly reported in these patients. However, the incidence and the risk factors for post transplant late complications were rarely reported so far. Methods: Medical records of post transplant long term survivors from 3 institutes in Seoul, Korea were retrospectively reviewed. Long term survivors were defined as those who were still alive at least 2 year after allo-HSCT. Data from a total of 634 consecutive patients who received transplantation between July 1988 and Jan 2010 were collected and analyzed. Results: The median age was 37 (14–70), and there were more male patients (57.6%). Sibling donor was most common (64.5%), and PB rather than BM was frequently used as a source of stem cells (PB=51.5%; BM=48.6%). Majority of patients received transplantation from HLA full-matched donors (90.2%). AML was the most common reason for allo-HSCT (39.9%); SAA (16.9%), ALL (12.6%) and MDS (11.5%) came next. During transplantation, ATG was used in 33.3% of patients, and 10.3% received TBI. RIC transplantation comprised 35.6%. Acute GVHD and chronic GVHD occurred in 26.5% and 57.6% of patients. Among the endocrine dysfunction, hypothyroidism, gonadal failure, and adrenal insufficiency were observed with an incidence of 1.4%, 95.9% and 2.2%. In multivariate analysis, only TBI attained statistical significance for hypothyroidism (HR=7.1) and adrenal insufficiency (HR=9.7). BO/BOS was the most common pulmonary complication (7%) and then the BOOP (2%) and the interstitial pneumonitis (1%). Age≥40, PB source, myeloablative conditioning, no use of ATG and cGHVD (at any organ) were the risk factors for lung complications in univariate analysis; PB source and cGHVD were significant in multivariate analysis (PB, HR=2.3; cGHVD, HR=7.9). Osteoporosis and avascular necrosis (AVN) were observed in 4.1% and 3.9% of patients. Female sex, age≥40, and cGHVD were the significant risk factors for osteoporosis in multivariate analysis with a HR of 9.6, 4.9 and 7.2, respectively. No use of ATG had significance for AVN in univariate analysis but not in multivariate analysis. Among the long term survivors, 6.2% of patients experienced cataract; age≥40, PB source, no use of ATG and cGHVD were significant in univariate analysis, of which, only age≥40 was significant in multivariate analysis (HR=5.5). Nephropathy was observed in 7.4%, and male sex was the risk factor with a HR of 2.3. Cardiovascular diseases involving cardiomyopathy, CHF, arrhythmia and pericarditis were reported from 1.4% of patients, and unrelated donor was the risk factor in multivariate analysis (HR=12.1). Conclusion: This retrospective data showing the incidence and risk factors for late physiologic side effects could serve as a basis for optimal approach in long term survivors after allogeneic HSCT. Disclosures: Jang: Alexion Pharmaceutical Company: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.

Abstract. The discovery nearly two decades ago of a 90 km-diameter impact crater below the lower Chesapeake Bay has gone unnoted by the general public because to date all published literature on the subject has described it as "buried". To the contrary, evidence is presented here that the so-called "upland deposits" that blanket ∼5000 km2 of the U.S. Middle-Atlantic Coastal Plain (M-ACP) display morphologic, lithologic, and stratigraphic features consistent with their being ejecta from the 35.4 Ma Chesapeake Bay Impact Structure (CBIS) and absolutely inconsistent with the prevailing belief that they are of fluvial origin. Specifically supporting impact origin are the facts that (i) a 95 %-pure iron ore endemic to the upland deposits of southern Maryland, eastern Virginia, and the District of Columbia has previously been proven to be impactoclastic in origin, (ii) this iron ore welds together a small percentage of well-rounded quartzite pebbles and cobbles of the upland deposits into brittle sheets interpretable as "spall plates" created in the interference-zone of the CBIS impact, (iii) the predominantly non-welded upland gravels have long ago been shown to be size sorted with an extreme crater-centric gradient far too large to have been the work of rivers, but well explained as atmospheric size-sorted interference-zone ejecta, (iv) new evidence is provided here that ~60 % of the non-welded quartzite pebbles and cobbles of the (lower lying) gravel member of the upland deposits display planar fractures attributable to interference-zone tensile waves, (v) the (overlying) loam member of the upland deposits is attributable to base-surge-type deposition, (vi) several exotic clasts found in a debris flow topographically below the upland deposits can only be explained as jetting-phase crater ejecta, and (vii) an allogenic granite boulder found among the upland deposits is deduced to have been launched into space and sculpted by hypervelocity air friction during reentry. An idealized calculation of the CBIS ejecta-blanket elevation profile minutes after the impact was carried out founded on well established rules for explosion and impact-generated craters. This profile is shown here to match the volume of the upland deposits ≥170 km from the crater center. Closer to the crater, much of the "postdicted" ejecta blanket has clearly been removed by erosion. Nevertheless the Shirley and fossil-free Bacons Castle Formations, located between the upland deposits and the CBIS interior and veneering the present day surface with units ∼10–20 m deep, are respectively identified as curtain- and excavation-phase ejecta. The neritic-fossil-bearing Calvert Formation external to the crater is deduced to be of Eocene age (as opposed to early Miocene as currently believed), preserved by the armoring effects of the overlying CBIS ejecta composed of the (distal) upland deposits and the (proximal) Bacons Castle Formation. The lithofacies of the in-crater Calvert Formation can only have resulted from inward mass wasting of the postdicted ejecta blanket, vestiges of which (i.e. the Bacons Castle and Shirley Formations) still overlap the crater rim and sag into its interior, consistent with this expectation. Because there appear to be a total of ∼10 000 km2 of CBIS ejecta lying on the present-day surface, future research should center the stratigraphic, lithologic, and petrologic properties of these ejecta versus both radial distance from the crater center (to identify ejecta from different ejection stages) and circumferentially at fixed radial distances (to detect possible anisotropies relating the impact angle and direction of approach of the impactor). The geological units described here may comprise the best preserved, and certainly the most accessible, ejecta blanket of a major crater on the Earth's surface and therefore promise to be a boon to the field of impact geology. As a corollary, a major revision of the current stratigraphic column of the M-ACP will be necessary.

TamdrupRoyal residence and memorial church in a new light Tamdrup has been shrouded in a degree of mystery in recent times. The solitary church located on a moraine hill west of Horsens is visible from afar and has attracted attention for centuries. On the face of it, it resembles an ordinary parish church, but on closer examination it is found to be unusually large, and on entering one discovers that hidden beneath one roof is a three-aisled construction, which originally was a Romanesque basilica. Why was such a large church built in this particular place? What were the prevailing circumstances in the Early Middle Ages when the foundation stone was laid? The mystery of Tamdrup has been addressed and discussed before. In the 1980s and 1990s, archaeological excavations were carried out which revealed traces of a magnate’s farm or a royal residence from the Late Viking Age or Early Middle Ages located on the field to the west of the church (fig. 4), and in 1991, the book Tamdrup – Kirke og gård was published. Now, by way of metal-detector finds, new information has been added. These new finds provide several answers, but also give rise to several new questions and problems. In recent years, a considerable number of metal finds recovered by metal detector at Tamdrup have been submitted to Horsens Museum. Since 2012, 207 artefacts have been recorded, primarily coins, brooches, weights and fittings from such as harness, dating from the Late Viking Age and Early Middle Ages. Further to these, a coin hoard dating from the time of Svein Estridson was excavated in 2013. The museum has processed the submitted finds, which have been recorded and passed on for treasure trove evaluation. As resources were not available for a more detailed assessment of the artefacts, in 2014 the museum formulated a research project that received funding from the Danish Agency for Culture, enabling the finds to be examined in greater depth. The aim of the research project was to study the metal-detector finds and the excavation findings, partly through an analysis of the total finds assemblage, partly by digitalisation of the earlier excavation plans so these could be compared with each other and with the new excavation data. This was intended to lead on to a new analysis, new interpretations and a new, overall evaluation of Tamdrup’s function, role and significance in the Late Viking Age and Early Middle Ages.Old excavations – new interpretationsIn 1983, on the eastern part of the field, a trial excavation trench was laid out running north-south (d). This resulted in two trenches (a, b) and a further three trial trenches being opened up in 1984 (fig. 6). In the northern trench, a longhouse, a fence and a pit-house were discovered (fig. 8). The interpretation of the longhouse (fig. 4) still stands, in so far as we are dealing with a longhouse with curved walls. The western end of the house appears unequivocal, but there could be some doubt about its eastern end. An alternative interpretation is a 17.5 m long building (fig. 8), from which the easternmost set of roof-bearing posts are excluded. Instead, another posthole is included as the northernmost post in the gable to the east. This gives a house with regularly curved walls, though with the eastern gable (4.3 m) narrower than the western (5.3 m). North of the trench (a) containing the longhouse, a trial trench (c) was also laid out, revealing a number of features. Similarly, there were also several features in the northern part of the middle trial trench (e). A pit in trial trench c was found to contain both a fragment of a bit branch and a bronze key. There was neither time nor resources to permit the excavation of these areas in 1984, but it seems very likely that there are traces of one or more houses here (fig. 9). Here we have a potential site for a possible main dwelling house or hall. In August 1990, on the basis of an evaluation, an excavation trench (h) was opened up to the west of the 1984 excavation (fig. 7). Here, traces were found of two buildings, which lay parallel to each other, oriented east-west. These were interpreted as small auxiliary buildings associated with the same magnate’s farm as the longhouse found in the 1984 excavation. The northern building was 4 m wide and the southern building was 5.5 m. Both buildings were considered to be c. 7 m long and with an open eastern gable. The southern building had one set of internal roof-bearing posts. The excavation of the two buildings in 1990 represented the art of the possible, as no great resources were available. Aerial photos from the time show that the trial trench from the evaluation was back-filled when the excavation was completed. Today, we have a comprehensive understanding of the trial trenches and excavation trenches thanks to the digitalised plans. Here, it becomes apparent that some postholes recorded during the evaluation belong to the southernmost of the two buildings, but these were unfortunately not relocated during the actual excavation. As these postholes, accordingly, did not form part of the interpretation, it was assumed that the building was 7 m in length (fig. 10). When these postholes from the evaluation are included, a ground plan emerges that can be interpreted as the remains of a Trelleborg house (fig. 11). The original 7 m long building constitutes the western end of this characteristic house, while the remainder of the south wall was found in the trial trench. Part of the north wall is apparently missing, but the rest of the building appears so convincing that the missing postholes must be attributed to poor conditions for preservation and observation. The northeastern part of the house has not been uncovered, which means that it is not possible to say with certainty whether the house was 19 or 25 m in length, minus its buttress posts. On the basis of the excavations undertaken in 1984 and 1990, it was assumed that the site represented a magnate’s farm from the Late Viking Age. It was presumed that the excavated buildings stood furthest to the north on the toft and that the farm’s main dwelling – in the best-case scenario the royal residence – should be sought in the area to the south between the excavated buildings. Six north-south-oriented trial trenches were therefore laid out in this area (figs. 6, 7 and 13 – trial trenches o, p, q, r, s and t). The results were, according to the excavation report, disappointing: No trace was found of Harold Bluetooth’s hall. It was concluded that there were no structures and features that could be linked together to give a larger entity such as the presumed magnate’s farm. After digitalisation of the excavation plans from 1991, we now have an overview of the trial trenches to a degree that was not possible previously (fig. 13). It is clear that there is a remarkable concentration of structures in the central and northern parts of the two middle trial trenches (q, r) and in part also in the second (p) and fourth (s) trial trenches from the west, as well as in the northern parts of the two easternmost trial trenches (s, t). An actual archaeological excavation would definitely be recommended here if a corresponding intensity of structures were to be encountered in an evaluation today (anno 2016). Now that all the plans have been digitalised, it is obvious to look at the trial trenches from 1990 and 1991 together. Although some account has to be taken of uncertainties in the digitalisation, this nevertheless confirms the picture of a high density of structures, especially in the middle of the 1991 trial trenches. The collective interpretation from the 1990 and 1991 investigations is that there are strong indications of settlement in the area of the middle 1991 trial trenches. It is also definitely a possibility that these represent the remains of a longhouse, which could constitute the main dwelling house. It can therefore be concluded that it is apparently possible to confirm the interpretation of the site as a potential royal residence, even though this is still subject to some uncertainty in the absence of new excavations. The archaeologists were disappointed following the evaluation undertaken in 1991, but the overview which modern technology is able to provide means that the interpretation is now rather more encouraging. There are strong indications of the presence of a royal residence. FindsThe perception of the area by Tamdrup church gained a completely new dimension when the first metal finds recovered by metal detector arrived at Horsens Museum in the autumn of 2011. With time, as the finds were submitted, considerations of the significance and function of the locality in the Late Viking Age and Early Middle Ages were subjected to revision. The interpretation as a magnate’s farm was, of course, common knowledge, but at Horsens Museum there was an awareness that this interpretation was in some doubt following the results of the 1991 investigations. The many new finds removed any trace of this doubt while, at the same time, giving cause to attribute yet further functions to the site. Was it also a trading place or a central place in conjunction with the farm? And was it active earlier than previously assumed? The 207 metal finds comprise 52 coins (whole, hack and fragments), 34 fittings (harness, belt fittings etc.), 28 brooches (enamelled disc brooches, Urnes fibulas and bird brooches), 21 weights, 15 pieces of silver (bars, hack and casting dead heads), 12 figures (pendants, small horses), nine distaff whorls, eight bronze keys, four lead amulets, three bronze bars, two fragments of folding scales and a number of other artefacts, the most spectacular of which included a gold ring and a bronze seal ring. In dating terms, most of the finds can be assigned to the Late Viking Age and Early Middle Ages. The largest artefact group consists of the coins, of which 52 have been found – either whole or as fragments. To these can be added the coin hoard, which was excavated in 2013 (fig. 12) and which primarily consists of coins minted under Svein Estridson. The other, non-hoard coins comprise: 13 Svein Estridson (figs. 15, 16), five Otto-Adelheid, five Arabic dirhams, three Sancta Colonia, one Canute the Great, one Edward the Confessor, one Theodorich II, one Heinrich II, one Rand pfennig, one Roman denarius (with drilled hole) and nine unidentified silver coins, of which some appear however to be German and others Danish/Anglo-Saxon. Most of the single coins date from the late 10th and early 11th centuries. The next-largest category of finds from Tamdrup are the fittings, which comprise 34 items. This category does, however, cover a broad diversity of finds, of which the dominant types are belt/strap fittings of various kinds and fittings associated with horse harness (figs. 17-24). In total, ten fittings have been found by metal detector that are thought to belong to harness. In addition to these is a single example from the excavation in 1984. The majority of these fittings are interpreted as parts of curb bits, headgear and stirrups. One particularly expressive figure was found at Tamdrup: a strap fitting from a stirrup, formed in a very characteristic way and depicting the face of a Viking (fig. 20). The fitting has been fixed on the stirrup strap at the point where the sides meet. Individual stirrup strap fittings are known by the hundred from England and are considered stylistically to be Anglo-Scandinavian. The fitting from Tamdrup is dated to the 11th century and is an example of a Williams’ Class B, Type 4, East Anglian type face mount. A special category of artefacts is represented by the brooches/fibulas, and enamel brooches are most conspicuous among the finds from Tamdrup. Of the total of 28 examples, 11 are enamel brooches. The most unusual is a large enamel disc brooch of a type that probably has not been found in Denmark previously (fig. 24). Its size alone (5.1 cm in diameter) is unusual. The centre of the brooch is raised relative to the rim and furnished with a pattern of apparently detached figures. On the rim are some alternating sail-shaped triangles on a base line which forms four crown-like motifs and defines a cruciform shape. Between the crowns are suggestions of small pits that probably were filled with enamel. Parallels to this type are found in central Europe, and the one that approaches closest stylistically is a brooch from Komjatice in western Slovakia, found in a grave (fig. 25). This brooch has a more or less identical crown motif, and even though the other elements are not quite the same, the similarity is striking. It is dated to the second half of the 10th century and the first half of the 11th century. The other enamel brooches are well-known types of small Carolingian and Ottonian brooches. There are four circular enamel cross-motif brooches (fig. 26a), two stellate disc brooches with central casing (fig. 26b), one stepped brooch with a cruciform motif, one cruciform fibula with five square casings and two disc-shaped brooches. In addition to the enamel brooches there are ten examples that can definitely be identified as animal brooches. Nine of these are of bronze, while one is of silver. The motifs are birds or dragons in Nordic animal styles from the Late Viking Age, Urnes and Ringerike styles, and simpler, more naturalistic forms of bird fibulas from the Late Viking Age and Early Middle Ages. Accordingly, the date for all the animal brooches is the 11th and 12th centuries. A total of 21 weights of various shapes and forms have been found at Tamdrup: spherical, bipolar spherical, disc-shaped, conical, square and facetted in various ways. Rather more than half are of lead, with the remainder being of bronze, including a couple of examples with an iron core and a mantle of bronze (so-called ørtug weights), where the iron has exploded out through the bronze mantle. One of the bipolar spheres (fig. 28) has ornamentation in the form of small pits on its base. Weights are primarily associated with trade, where it was important to be able to weigh an agreed amount of silver. Weights were, however, also used in the metal workshops, where it was crucial to be able to weigh a particular amount of metal for a specific cast in order to achieve the correct proportions between the different metals in an alloy. Eight bronze keys have been found, all dated broadly to the Viking Age (fig. 29). Most are fragmentarily preserved pieces of relatively small keys of a very simple type that must be seen as being for caskets or small chests. Keys became relatively widespread during the course of the Viking Age. Many were of iron and a good number of bronze. Nevertheless, the number of keys found at Tamdrup is impressive. A further group of artefacts that will be briefly mentioned are the distaff whorls. This is an artefact group which appears in many places and which was exceptionally common in the Viking Age. In archaeological excavations, examples are often found in fired clay, while metal distaff whorls – most commonly of lead – are found in particular by metal detector. Nine distaff whorls have been found at Tamdrup, all of lead. The finest and absolutely most prestigious artefact is a gold ring, which was found c. 60 m southwest of house 1. The ring consists of a 2 mm wide, very thin gold band, while the fittings comprise a central casing surrounded by originally eight small circular casings. In the middle sits a red stone, presumably a garnet, mounted in five rings. In a circle around the stone are the original eight small, circular mounts, of which six are preserved. The mounts, from which the stones are missing, alternate with three small gold spheres. The edges of the mounts have fine cable ornamentation. The dating is rather uncertain and is therefore not ascribed great diagnostic value. In the treasure trove description, the ring is dated to the Late Middle Ages/Renaissance, but it could presumably also date from the Early Middle Ages as it has features reminiscent of the magnificent brooch found at Østergård, which is dated to 1050. Two other spectacular artefacts were found in the form of some small four-legged animals, probably horses, cast in bronze. These figures are known from the Slav area and have presumably had a pre-Christian, symbolic function. Common to both of them are an elongated body, long neck and very short legs. Finally, mention should be made of four lead amulets. These are of a type where, on a long strip of lead, a text has been written in runes or Latin characters. Typically, these are Christian invocations intended to protect the wearer. The lead amulets are folded together and therefore do not take up much space. They are dated to the Middle Ages (1100-1400) and will therefore not be dealt with in further detail here. What the artefacts tell usWhat do the artefacts tell us? They help to provide a dating frame for the site, they tell us something about what has taken place there, they give an indication of which social classes/strata were represented, and, finally, they give us an insight into which foreign contacts could have existed, which influences people were under and which networks they were part of. Most of the artefacts date from the period 900-1000, and this is also the dating frame for the site as a whole. There is a slight tendency for the 10th century finds to be more evenly distributed across the site than those from the 11th century, which tend to be concentrated in the eastern part. A number of the finds are associated with tangible activities, for example the weights and, especially, the distaff whorls. Others also had practical functions but are, at the same time, associated with the upper echelons of society. Of the material from Tamdrup, the latter include the harness fittings and the keys, while the many brooches/fibulas and pendants also belong to artefact groups to which people from the higher strata of society had access. Some of the harness fittings and brooches suggest links with England. The stirrup-strap fitting and the cruciform strap fitting in Anglo-Scandinavian style have clear parallels in the English archaeological record. The coins, on the other hand, point towards Germany. There are a number of German coins from the end of the 10th century and the beginning of the 11th century, but the occurrence of Otto-Adelheid pennies and other German coins is not necessarily an indication of a direct German connection. From the second half of the 11th century, Svein Estridson coins dominate, but they are primarily Danish. Other artefacts that indicate contacts with western Europe are the enamelled brooches in Carolingian-Ottonian style. A number of objects suggest some degree of trade. Here again, it is the coins and the hack silver, and also the relatively large number of lead weights, that must be considered as relatively reliable indicators of trade, at least when their number is taken into consideration. In the light of the metal-detector finds it can, in conclusion, be stated that this was a locality inhabited by people of middle to high status. Many objects are foreign or show foreign inspiration and suggest therefore that Tamdrup was part of an international network. The artefacts support the interpretation of Tamdrup as a magnate’s farm and a royal residence. ConclusionTamdrup was located high up in the landscape, withdrawn from the coast, but nevertheless with quick and easy access to Horsens Fjord. Tamdrup could be approached from the fjord via Nørrestrand and the river Hansted Å on a northern route, or by the river Bygholm Å on a southern route (fig. 33). A withdrawn loca­tion was not atypical in the Viking Age and the Early Middle Ages. At that time there were also sites directly on the coast and at the heads of fjords, where early urbanisation materialised through the establishment of the first market towns, while the king’s residences had apparently to be located in places rather less accessible by boat and ship. As withdrawn but central, regional hubs and markers between land and sea. One must imagine that Tamdrup had a high status in the 10th and 11th centuries, when the king had a residence and a wooden church there. A place of great importance, culminating in the construction of a Romanesque basilica to commemorate the Christianisation of Denmark. Tamdrup appears to have lost its significance for the monarchy shortly after the stone church was completed, which could fit with King Niels, as the last of Svein Estridson’s sons, being killed in 1134, and another branch of the royal family taking over power. At the same time as Tamdrup lost its importance, Horsens flourished as a town and became of such great importance for the Crown that both Svein Grathe and Valdemar the Great had coins minted there. Tamdrup must have been a central element of the local topography in the Viking Age, when Horsens functioned as a landing place, perhaps with seasonal trading. In the long term, Horsens came out strongest, but it must be assumed that Tamdrup had the highest status between AD 900 and 1100.Lars PaghHorsens Museum

Opposition at Knud Jeppesen’s defence of his thesis “Græder ikke saa saare. Studier i Mikabogens sigte” (Aarhus Universitetsforlag 1987). Jeppesen advocates that the idea of the Book of Micah obtained its final shape through a redaction in Babylon during the exile. The criticism concentrates upon the question whether earlier redactions of the Micah traditions (between 8th and 6th centuries) had impact on later (exilic or post-exilic) redactions and thus would be of importance for the understanding of the final structure of the Book of Micah.

The cosmology of the book of Revelation mainly involves God’s restored reign over the created universe (κόσμος). Throughout the book, the κόσμος is depicted according to its constituent parts, namelyheaven, sea and earth. At first sight, this threefold description seems to stem from the ancient Jewish and mythological three-storied cosmological view of ‘up-above’, ‘here-below’ and ‘down-under’. However, this correspondence proves to be only superficial. Heaven is used by John not as much in spatial sense as in temporal sense: as symbolic reference to a divine point above time and history. Heaven is also a qualitative reference to a situation of complete obedient worship to God. Earth in John’s visions is mostly used as metaphor for sinful mankind under the rule of Satan. Yet, the earth remains part of God’s creation under his divine authority, and even becomes a refuge for the church in this dispensation. The sea in Revelation, when not denoting a physical space, is often equated by scholars to the abyss or the underworld. However, in Revelation the sea is mostly used as metaphor for the basic evil from which the beast originates and of everything immoral and impure. The last chapters of Revelation reveal that in the eschaton heaven, sea and earth will all be part of the new creation − renewed to the point where God’s reign is restored and acknowledged above all doubt throughout the κόσμος.Kosmologie in die boek van Openbaring. Die kosmologie van Openbaring getuig van God se herstelde regering oor die geskape heelal (κόσμος). Regdeur die boek word die κόσμος volgens sy samestellende dele beskryf, naamlik hemel, see en aarde. Oppervlakkig beskou, lyk hierdie beskrywing na die antieke Joodse en mitologiese drie-verdieping-kosmologie van ‘daar bo’, ‘hier onder’ en ‘daar onder’. Hierdie ooreenkoms is egter slegs oppervlakkig. Hemel word deur Johannes nie soseer in ruimtelike sin gebruik nie, maar in temporele sin: as simboliese verwysing dat God bo tyd en geskiedenis verhewe is. Hemel is ook ’n kwalitatiewe verwysing na ’n toestand van volmaakte gehoorsame aanbidding van God. Desgelyks word aarde meestal gebruik as metafoor vir ’n sondige mensdom onder Satan se heerskappy. Tog bly die aarde deel van God se skepping onder sy goddelike heerskappy, en word dit selfs aangetoon as ’n toevlugsoord vir die kerk in hierdie bedeling. Waar die see in Openbaring nie na ’n fisiese verskynsel verwys nie, word dit dikwels deur biblioloë op gelyke vlak met die diep put of die onderwêreld gestel. Johannes gebruik die see egter meestal as metafoor vir die boosheid waaruit die dier sy oorsprong het, asook vir alles wat sondig en onrein is. Openbaring 21 en 22 maak bekend dat hemel, see en aarde in die eschatondeel sal wees van die nuwe skepping − vernuwe tot op die punt waar God se heerskappy herstel is en erken word regdeur die κόσμος.

Abstract Concentrating on Propertius 3.21 in particular, this article identifies a previously unnoticed network of allusions by three Roman poets (Catullus, Propertius and Ovid) to one another and to Book 1 of Apollonius Rhodius’ Argonautica. It shows that these intertextual links are pivoted on the three poets’ common use of the verse-ending lintea malo in scenes of departure by sea, and on their common interest in framing other aspects of the nautical context (especially the naval equipment involved and the presence of a favourable wind) in specific ways. Highlighting the presence in all three cases of departing male lovers with traditionally compromised or otherwise dubious claims to heroism, the article argues that each of the three instances shows the poet in question interacting competitively and self-consciously with the usages of his predecessor(s) (and with those usages’ immediate contexts) and exploiting the choices made by them to serve his new context and to advertise his personal skill in the creative deployment of revered poetic models.

Writing a formal review for this work seems oddly unnecessary; given the background and experience of the author, one would not even have to read this book to know its worth. Kathleen Roe has long been a powerful voice for promoting the vital importance of advocacy in the archival profession, not only in her own career (notably as director of archives and records management at the New York State Archives) but in her record of prominent professional service. Roe served as president of the Society of American Archivists in 2014-2015, where she made advocacy one of the centerpiece policies of her administration. As past president of the Council of State Archivists (as well as during her SAA service), she provided leadership not only in lower-level advocacy efforts but also as an active voice for archival advocacy at the federal legislative level. Few people in our profession are better poised than Roe to "write the book," as it were, on archival advocacy in all its aspects. Here she has provided us with an invaluable reference tool to help us pursue advocacy initiatives and programs regardless of our institutional limits.

Presently, there is overall consent among researchers on Romance in HPSG (Miller and Sag, 1997, Abeillé et al., 1998, Monachesi, 1996, 1999) that bounded clitic climbing (CC) is best understood in terms of argument composition. Despite the fact that all current analyses of CC are based on the same core idea, individual analyses of this phenomenon differ.In this paper, I shall propose a unified approach that will be applicable to CC in both French and Italian. The approach will be cast entirely in terms of valence lists, argument structure and slash, such that construction- or language-specific book-keeping devices can be eliminated. As a side-effect, this approach provides a more strengthened view of lexical integrity, in that morphological information, i.e. an argument's mode of realisation, will not be directly accessible for subcategorisation.

In this text, which was started in February 2016 and concluded at the end of summer 2017, professor Octavi Fullat i Genís (Alforja, 1928) emulates Ovid, who during his exile beside the Black Sea wrote a text with the same title of Tristia, sad thoughts and feelings. The piece is offered to readers as a kind of easing of the conscience or testamentary memoir to account for the development and systematics of Fullat’s anthropological, philosophical and pedagogical thought. In fact, the author’s mental universe is marked by three years during the Civil War (1936–1939) when he lived in direct contact with nature. This natural world collided with the technical and scientific civilisation of modern society. As an alternative, he opted for a culturalist solution inspired by biblical tradition and classical culture. According to Fullat, the human being in the abstract does not exist; we can only talk about the historical human, the human who walks through time. Therefore, Fullat’s world view is informed by historicism (Dilthey), phenomenology (Husserl), existentialism (Heidegger), hermeneutics (Gadamer, Ricoeur) and the philosophy of language (Wittgenstein), as well as other sources such as Catholic and Lutheran theology. The text complements Fullat’s book Impertinentes. El desgarro de pensar (Barcelona, 2016), published by the University of Barcelona, and establishes an opening in hermeneutics to negotiate a trail that can take us beyond death without hope. Meanwhile, and during his own wait for the black widow, professor Fullat seeks refuge and solace in reading the Latin classics (Cicero, Seneca) and the bible stories, particularly the books of Job and Ecclesiastes.

Crying explores the tension between an 'authentic' and a 'performed' moment of vulnerability and the complex emotions associated with being both artist and new mother. The artist has approximately one hour to capture this work in her backyard, before her baby wakes and demands her full attention and care. The challenge she sets herself is to cry on camera. In dialogue with Bas Jan Ader's I'm too sad to tell you (1970), in which Ader sobs for an unknown reason (in the tradition of the "melancholy white male artist", as Jennifer Doyle writes in her book 'Hold it Against Me: Difficulty and Emotion in Contemporary Art'), Crying captures a performed and staged sadness, a feminist reworking of Ader's intimate yet self-indulgent action. Ader has become a mythical figure after he was lost at sea in 1975, three weeks after setting off alone in a small sailing boat, attempting to cross the Atlantic Ocean. In motherhood, Lim feels almost daily to be 'lost at sea', charged with the responsibility of a new life and love so strong as to be almost unbearable.

In this paper, I analyse the methods used by Stanley Kubrick, the famous film director and Bert Stern, an American photographer, in creating the first “visible” Lolita, relying on Nabokovʼs 1955 controversial book. The novel tells a provocative story about middle-aged university professor who moves from Europe to America in 1947, where he obsessively falls in love with the twelve-year-old Dolores Haze, with whom, by chance, he begins to travel together through USA, in order to extend the duration of their unacceptable sexual relationship. Adapting the novel in the restrictive conditions of film censorship in the early 1960s, Kubrick considerably changed the original Nabokovʼs story making it less provocative and sexually explicit. In this paper I consider Bert Sternʼs advertising campaign for Lolita as an extension of Kubrickʼs film because, his photography cycle shot in a Sag Harbour hotel, near New York, completes and continues Kubrickʼs project, showing Lolitaʼs diverse faces. Stern, rather than Kubrick, holds a prominent position in defining the so-called Lolita look that has left far-reaching consequences on popular culture in the following decades. In this paper I explore the links between Lolita and her creators, their individual contributions to the reception of Lolita in public, and I determine the role Sue Lyon, a young actress, had in this process considering the fact that she was the first flesh and blood Lolita.

In Turkish literature, in addition to the works that deal specifically with the sea and the ship, we also see that more comprehensive works dealing with different subjects devote certain parts of them to the issues related to the sea and the ship. Garîb-nâme is one of the works that addresses this subject from a sufistic/mystical point of view in one of its chapters. Completed in 1330 by Âşık Paşa, one of the 14th century Ottoman scholars, poets and sufis, Garîb-nâme is a mesnevi of more than 10,000 couplets. It is an exceptional work in terms of content and form and has a distinguished place in Turkish literature in terms of the richness of the subjects it handles. In each chapter of the book, which is organized in 10 chapters, 10 stories are told about each of the chapter numbers and the issues related to that number are addressed. The 10th story of the eighth chapter of Garib-nâme concerns eight elements necessary for a ship to sail safely. In the work, each of these elements, which are listed as “deniz/su” sea/water, “gemi (geminin gövdesi)” ship (ship's hull), “yelken” sail, “yel” wind, “lenger” anchor, “üstâd/gemici/keştîbân” master/sailor/captain, “âdemi/halk (yolcu)” mankind/people (passengers) and “metâ‘ (mal)/kâle (kumaş)” commodity/cloth, is explained in detail by returning to the beginning four times and adding new layers of meaning to the subject each time. Âşık Paşa first focuses on the apparent/overt meanings of these elements, which we find important in terms of shipping history, and then refers to the esoteric/covert/mystical equivalents of each of these elements. In his discussion, he draws on the verse “Do you not see that Allah Almighty has put at your service all the inhabitants of the earth and the ships that glide in the sea in accordance with His command..." (Quran 65:22) and uses a didactic style. This article consists of a total of four sections with an introduction and a conclusion. In the introduction section, a brief review has been made about the Turkish maritime history and the issues related to the sea and the ship in Turkish literature. In the first chapter of the article, its author Âşık Paşa and his work are briefly introduced in order to determine what kind of place Garîb-nâme occupies in this field. In the second section, the eight elements necessary for the ship, which is the tenth story of the eighth chapter of the work, have been tried to be explained in the sub-headings together with their apparent and mystical meanings, based on the words of Âşık Paşa. In the conclusion section, a general evaluation is made on the basis of the information obtained as a result of this study. The aim of this study is to reveal the shipping elements used in Garib-nâme in detail, thus contributing to the maritime history by drawing attention to the reflections of the elements related to the ship on literary and sufi texts as well as on our cultural life.

AbstractPaul Embrechts is Professor of Mathematics at the ETH Zurich specializing in Actuarial Mathematics and Quantitative Risk Management. Previous academic positions include the Universities of Leuven, Limburg and London (Imperial College). Dr. Embrechts has held visiting professorships at several universities, including the Scuola Normale in Pisa (Cattedra Galileiana), the London School of Economics (Centennial Professor of Finance), the University of Vienna, Paris 1 (Panthéon-Sorbonne), theNationalUniversity of Singapore, KyotoUniversity,was Visiting Man Chair 2014 at the Oxford-Man Institute of Oxford University and has an Honorary Doctorate from the University of Waterloo, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, and the Université Catholique de Louvain. He is an Elected Fellow of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics and the American Statistical Association, Honorary Fellow of the Institute and the Faculty of Actuaries, Actuary-SAA, Member Honoris Causa of the Belgian Institute of Actuaries and is on the editorial board of numerous scientific journals.He belongs to various national and international research and academic advisory committees. He co-authored the influential books Modelling of Extremal Events for Insurance and Finance, Springer, 1997 [8] andQuantitative RiskManagement: Concepts, Techniques and Tools, Princeton UP, 2005, 2015 [14] and published over 180 scientific papers. Dr. Embrechts consults on issues in Quantitative Risk Management for financial institutions, insurance companies and international regulatory authorities.

The subject dealt with in this work is non-hegemonic discourse which, in the spectre of philological interests, denounces the phenomena of hierarchialisation and dehierarchialisation linked to the problem of capturing the concept of the function a border has while being disseminated through literary theory and practice throughout travelogue as a literary form. By enquiring about cultural heritage applied in literature from Odyssey’s travels and challenges, this research has attempted to emphatically “listen poetically” to all aspects of human existence subjected by some to the border line of such worlds. Thus I here write about an exemplary travelogue which uses conceptual mechanism of its text based on the movement disputing then a conventional usage of literary language, which is today recognized as a form of violence as old as the very western history itself is. For that purpose, the work has incorporated analytical viewing of novelistic, essayistic and travelogue like literary heritage using travelogue essays Majka voda by Tvrtko Kulenovic, the most famous Bosnian-Herzegovinian writer and essayist. It is a travelogue of great significance taking us from “postmodern Odyssey” to its specific “ideology of water” and “religion of seas”. The ephemeral border between a body travelling to a body of travelling in his travelogue Majka voda takes us to the point of merging of two cultural circles. Poetic dimension may be inferred from Kulenovic’s suggestions: “Indeed, is there any shame in the fact that it is more intelligent to sail rather than row (...) That artistic skill is obtained more easily through the “eastern” relaxed surrender then through the “western” intent and concentration (attempt to forcibly control mind equals the attempt to even out the waves of the sea). Who hits the target, misses all? (...) We must be capable of changing our shape as water does. (...) In the beginning there was no word, but water. At least it is said so in the Book of Genesis: the holy spirit of God soared above the waters.” (Kulenovic: Majka voda)

Abstract: This article analyses the tension between the perception and performance of affect in two contemporary texts: Heather Christle’s The Crying Book (2019) and Christine Smallwood’s The Life of the Mind (2021). Both subvert the expectation of feminine sentiment and pose questions about the authenticity of affect. Although affects are always mediated in fiction, experimental fictional texts have the potential for greater authenticity than the performative affective displays of the emotional public sphere. Üks afektiuuringute keskseid teoreetikuid Brian Massumi (2002b, 233) väidab, et tänapäeval on afekt olulisem mõiste kui ideoloogia, sest võim toimib üha enam afektide abil. Kuna üldiselt vaadeldakse afekte kehaliste intensiivsustena, mida ei saa teadlikult kontrollida, siis peetakse neid autentseiks, seda ka tänapäeval, mil autentse ja võltsi piir on üha ähmasem. Kuigi üksikisiku tasandil on afektid tõesti raskesti kontrollitavad, on eri valdkondade teadlased näidanud, et afekte on võimalik kunstlikult esile kutsuda, nt poliitiliste või turunduskampaaniate või ka kogemusturismi abil. Seega väärib afektide autentsus lähemat analüüsi. Käesolev artikkel väidab, et afektid, mida me avalikus sfääris kohtame, on performatiivsed: nad lähtuvad sotsiaalsetest normidest ja tsiteerivad varasemaid afektiivseid esitusi, mis on korduste tõttu omandanud autentsuse aura. Afektide performatiivsus ei tähenda, et nad on võltsid; lihtsalt me ei tohiks nende siirust üle hinnata. Ka performatiivsed afektid kõnetavad teisi inimesi ning tekitavad autentseid afektiivseid reaktsioone. Afektid liiguvad kehalt kehale, nagu väidab Anna Gibbs (2001, 1), aga ka teatrilavalt, kinolinalt või raamatulehekülgedelt publikuni. Seega väärib afektide kujutamine ja selle performatiivsus lähemat tähelepanu kirjanduse ja teiste kunstivormide analüüsis. Jennifer Doyle (2013, 85) väidab, et kui emotsioonist saab emotsiooni representatsioon, siis kerkivad kohe küsimused selle emotsiooni autentsuse kohta. Kuigi tekstidesse kätketud emotsioon või afekt on alati mugandus ja ehk isegi manipulatsioon, ei kaota see oma väge publikut kõnetada ja selles afekte luua. Palju on uuritud etenduskunsti, mis ründab vaatajate meeli ja ootusi ning ka lugejas tugevaid emotsioone tekitavaid traumanarratiive. Vähem on tähelepanu saanud raskesti loetavad ja näilised tundetud kirjandustekstid, mille afektiivne laeng on ambivalentsem. Aga ka sellistel tekstidel on potentsiaal pakkuda inimestele uudseid viise maailmaga suhestumiseks (Berlant ja Prosser 2011, 182). Artikkel keskendub konkreetselt ühele autentseks peetavale afektiivsele fenomenile, pisaratele. Pisarad on üks ilmsemaid afektide ilminguid, mida me ei kontrolli ning mis seega näivad autentseina. Samas juba Roland Barthes (2002) juhib tähelepanu pisarate dialoogilisusele ja suisa manipulatiivsusele. Pisarad on seega huvitav näide afektide autentsuse ja performatiivsuse analüüsimiseks, seda enam, et pisaraid kasutatakse mitmesugustes kunstilistes ja kirjanduslikes tekstides afektide tähistajana. Artikkel lähtub Eugenie Brinkema (2014, 4) soovitusest otsida tekstidest afektide tekstilisi kujutusi, et hoiduda afektiuuringutele tihti omasest subjektiivsusest ning liikuda pelgalt afektide tarbimiselt sügavama teoreetilise analüüsini. Brinkema (2014, 37) soovitab otsida afektide vormi, mis võimaldab analüüsides olla tähelepanelikum kirjandusteksti stiililise keerukuse ja nüansirikkuse suhtes. Seega vaatleb artikkel kirjandusteksti keelelisi väljendusvahendeid kui afektide esitamise ja loomise vahendeid. Artiklis analüüsitakse kaht nüüdiskirjanduse näidet, mis eksperimenteerivad pisarate kujutamisega. Esimeseks tekstiks on Heather Christle’i autobiograafia sugemetega essee „The Crying Book“ („Nuturaamat“, 2019) ja teine Christine Smallwoodi romaan „The Life of the Mind“ („Vaimuelu“, 2021). Neid tekste võiks vaadelda uussiiruse näitena, kuid artikkel väidab pigem, et mõlemad autorid küsimärgistavad naiselikkuse ja naiskogemusega seondatavat sentimentaalset siirust. Pisaraid kasutatakse ühtaegu lugeja kõnetamiseks ja samaaegselt lihtsa pinnalugemise õõnestamiseks. Pisarad on performatiivsed, kuid samas ka autentsed, signaliseerides lugejale, et teiste afektide tähendus jääb meile alati kättesaamatuks. Pisarad ei allu ühesele tõlgendusele, näidates autentse ja performatiivse vahelise piiri poorsust. Tänapäeva menukite hulgas on palju mälestusi, traumanarratiive ja pihtimisi, milles mälu on suunatud tunnete voolusängi (Shields 2010, 56). Sellised tihti kommertslikult pakendatud kogemused on muutunud piiravaiks, sest nad pakuvad liiga kergesti loetavaid ja tarbitavaid stereotüüpseid emotsioone. Artiklis analüüsitud tekstid julgevad sellele kergesti loetavuse ja tarbitavuse kiusatusele vastu hakata. Nad toovad meid näiliselt turvalisse sentimentaalse pihtimuse maailma, kuid siis eemaldavad selged teetähised ja jätavad meid omapäi autentsuse ja performatiivsuse piire kompama. Selline strateegia tekitab lõhe lugeja ja teksti vahel, kuid just selle lõhe ületamiseks tehtud jõupingutus aitab meil mõista näiliselt selgete afektide tegelikku mitmetähenduslikkust. Kuigi kirjanduslikud afektid on alati vahendatud, on eksperimentaalses kirjanduses vähemalt potentsiaal murda välja stereotüüpidele üles ehitatud emotsionaalse avaliku sfääri turvalisest tarbijasõbralikkusest ning meenutada meile elatud kogemuse vasturääkivust ja metsikust.