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1
Bárcena-Martin, Elena, and Jacques Silber. "The Bonferroni index and the measurement of distributional change." METRON 75, no. 1 (January 11, 2017): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40300-016-0105-8.
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Bárcena-Martin, Elena, and Jacques Silber. "On the generalization and decomposition of the Bonferroni index." Social Choice and Welfare 41, no. 4 (December 18, 2012): 763–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00355-012-0715-x.
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TUMEN, SEMIH. "MEASURING EARNINGS INEQUALITY: AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE BONFERRONI INDEX." Review of Income and Wealth 57, no. 4 (April 18, 2011): 727–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2011.00445.x.
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Arora, Sangeeta, Kalpana K. Mahajan, and Vikas Jangra. "A Bayesian estimation of the Gini index and the Bonferroni index for the Dagum distribution with the application of different priors." Statistics in Transition New Series 23, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 49–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/stattrans-2022-0016.
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Abstract Bayesian estimators and highest posterior density credible intervals are obtained for two popular inequality measures, viz. the Gini index and the Bonferroni index in the case of the Dagum distribution. The study considers informative and non-informative priors, i.e. the Mukherjee-Islam prior and the extension of Jeffrey’s prior, respectively, under the presumption of the Linear Exponential (LINEX) loss function. A Monte Carlo simulation study is carried out in order to obtain the relative efficiency of both the Gini and Bonferroni indices while taking into consideration different priors and loss functions. The estimated loss proves lower when using the Mukherjee-Islam prior in comparison to the extension of Jeffrey’s prior and the LINEX loss function outperforms the squared error loss function (SELF) in terms of the estimated loss. Highest posterior density credible intervals are also obtained for both these measures. The study used real-life data sets for illustration purposes.
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Silber, Jacques. "On Standard of Living and Infant Survival in Some East African Countries." ISSUE FIVE 3, no. 2 (December 28, 2019): 56–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.25079/ukhjss.v3n2y2019.pp56-67.
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To summarize the extent of infant survival in a country, three indices have been defined. The first one is the complement to 1000 of the infant mortality rate (expressed in per thousand births). The second one takes into account the inequality in infant survival rates between population subgroups. The third indicator adjusts the average infant survival rate by giving more weight to a population subgroup with a lower socio-economic status. The computation of the last two indicators requires the use of an inequality index and a concentration ratio.We used two measures of inequality, the Gini index and the Bonferroni index, as well as two concentration ratios, derived from the Gini index and related to the Bonferroni index. A short empirical illustration, based on seven East African countries, confirms the usefulness of the approach presented in this paper.
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Giorgi, G. M., and M. Crescenzi. "Bayesian estimation of the Bonferroni index from a Pareto-type I population." Statistical Methods & Applications 10, no. 1-3 (January 2001): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02511638.
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Chakravarty, Satya R. "A deprivation-based axiomatic characterization of the absolute Bonferroni index of inequality." Journal of Economic Inequality 5, no. 3 (February 1, 2007): 339–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10888-006-9054-4.
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Giorgi, Giovanni, and Alessio Guandalini. "Decomposing the Bonferroni Inequality Index by Subgroups: Shapley Value and Balance of Inequality." Econometrics 6, no. 2 (April 2, 2018): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/econometrics6020018.
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Renner, Gerolf. "Kritische Werte und Konfidenz- intervalle zur Interpretation von HAWIK-III IQ-Skalen, Index-Werten und Subtests." Zeitschrift für Differentielle und Diagnostische Psychologie 23, no. 3 (September 2002): 353–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024//0170-1789.23.3.353.
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Zusammenfassung: Um die klinische Interpretation von IQ-, Index- und Subtestwerten im HAWIK-III zu erleichtern, werden Tabellen mit kritischen Werten für paarweise und ipsative Vergleiche der IQ- und Indexwerte sowie mit 68%- und 90%-Konfidenzintervallen für die Untertests bereitgestellt. Im Gegensatz zum HAWIK-III Manual wurden die kritischen Werte für paarweise Skalenvergleiche mittels Bonferroni-Adjustierung für multiple Prüfungen berechnet.
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Du, Jiang. "Integrated Evaluation of Corporate Investment Decision Performance Based on Fuzzy Sets and BP Neural Networks." Journal of Sensors 2022 (May 28, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7628124.
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Enterprise investment decision performance evaluation is a complex system, which is affected by many factors. Based on the consideration of corporate strategy and stakeholders, a six-level index system is designed to evaluate the performance of corporate investment decision-making. The index-selection method combining benchmarking management and principal component analysis is established, and the enterprise management index analysis method based on neural network and fuzzy decision-making is designed. The multiattribute decision-making problem in enterprise performance evaluation is solved by using the triangular fuzzy-weighted Einstein-Bonferroni mean (TF-WEBM). The algorithm is suitable for multiattribute decision-making in a triangular fuzzy environment. Finally, the effectiveness of this method is verified by an enterprise performance evaluation example.
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Bansal, Pooja, Sangeeta Arora, and Kalpana K. Mahajan. "Estimates of Inequality Indices Based on Simple Random, Ranked Set, and Systematic Sampling." ISRN Probability and Statistics 2013 (September 19, 2013): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/659580.
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Gini index, Bonferroni index, and Absolute Lorenz index are some popular indices of inequality showing different features of inequality measurement. In general simple random sampling procedure is commonly used to estimate the inequality indices and their related inference. The key condition that the samples must be drawn via simple random sampling procedure though makes calculations much simpler but this assumption is often violated in practice as the data does not always yield simple random sample. Nonsimple random samples like Ranked set sampling or stratified sampling are gaining popularity for estimating these indices. The purpose of the present paper is to compare the efficiency of simple random sample estimates of inequality indices with their nonsimple random counterparts. Monte Carlo simulation technique is applied to get the results for some specific distributions.
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Luginbühl, Martin, Peter M. Schumacher, Pascal Vuilleumier, Hugo Vereecke, Björn Heyse, Thomas W. Bouillon, and Michel M. R. F. Struys. "Noxious Stimulation Response Index." Anesthesiology 112, no. 4 (April 1, 2010): 872–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e3181d40368.
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Background The noxious stimulation response index (NSRI) is a novel anesthetic depth index ranging between 100 and 0, computed from hypnotic and opioid effect-site concentrations using a hierarchical interaction model. The authors validated the NSRI on previously published data. Methods The data encompassed 44 women, American Society of Anesthesiology class I, randomly allocated to three groups receiving remifentanil infusions targeting 0, 2, and 4 ng/ml. Propofol was given at stepwise increasing effect-site target concentrations. At each concentration, the observer assessment of alertness and sedation score, the response to eyelash and tetanic stimulation of the forearm, the bispectral index (BIS), and the acoustic evoked potential index (AAI) were recorded. The authors computed the NSRI for each stimulation and calculated the prediction probabilities (PKs) using a bootstrap technique. The PKs of the different predictors were compared with multiple pairwise comparisons with Bonferroni correction. Results The median (95% CI) PK of the NSRI, BIS, and AAI for loss of response to tetanic stimulation was 0.87 (0.75-0.96), 0.73 (0.58-0.85), and 0.70 (0.54-0.84), respectively. The PK of effect-site propofol concentration, BIS, and AAI for observer assessment of alertness and sedation score and loss of eyelash reflex were between 0.86 (0.80-0.92) and 0.92 (0.83-0.99), whereas the PKs of NSRI were 0.77 (0.68-0.85) and 0.82 (0.68-0.92). The PK of the NSRI for BIS and AAI was 0.66 (0.58-0.73) and 0.63 (0.55-0.70), respectively. Conclusion The NSRI conveys information that better predicts the analgesic component of anesthesia than AAI, BIS, or predicted propofol or remifentanil concentrations. Prospective validation studies in the clinical setting are needed.
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Rocha, Maria Olívia, Dauro Douglas Oliveira, Fernando Oliveira Costa, Laíze Rosa Pires, Amanda Rafaela Diniz, and Rodrigo Villamarim Soares. "Plaque index and gingival index during rapid maxillary expansion of patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate." Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 22, no. 6 (November 2017): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2177-6709.22.6.043-048.oar.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To assess, during rapid maxillary expansion, the plaque index (PI) and the gingival index (GI) of patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate(UCLP) using Hyrax (HX) or inverted mini-Hyrax (IMHX) rapid maxillary expanders (RME) considering patients’ sex and age. Methods: PI (Quigley Index modified by Turesky et al) and GI (Löe and Silness) of 28 UCLP (11 females; 17 males: aged 8 to 15 years) submitted to daily RME activation were assessed before (T0) and 7 (T1), 28 (T2) and 90 (T3) days after activation. Log-linear models and Bonferroni correction were performed to analyze possible differences in PI and GI between RME, sexes or age groups over time. Results: Intra-group comparison revealed significant increases in PI of patients using HX (T0 < T2), IMHX (T0 < T3; T1< T3), males (T0 < T1; T0 < T2; T0 < T3) or aged 12-15 years (T0 < T1; T0 < T2; T0 < T3), and in GI of patients using IMHX (T0 < T3; T1 < T3), females (T1 < T3; T2 < T3) or aged 12-15 years (T0 < T3; T2 < T3). One inter-group difference in GI according to patients’ age (8-11 < 12-15; T1) was observed. Conclusions: Since a single difference between groups was encountered, the results of this study indicated that PI and GI during maxillary expansion were similar between HX and IMHX, sexes and the analyzed age groups. Therefore, orthodontists can use these RME in UCLP patients according to the patient’s necessity or their preferences.
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Lopez-Garzon, Maria, Paula Postigo-Martin, Ángela González-Santos, Manuel Arroyo-Morales, Alexander Achalandabaso-Ochoa, Antonio Manuel Férnández-Pérez, and Irene Cantarero-Villanueva. "Colorectal cancer pain upon diagnosis and after treatment: a cross-sectional comparison with healthy matched controls." Supportive Care in Cancer 30, no. 4 (January 13, 2022): 3573–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00520-022-06803-2.
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Abstract Background The current study sought to explore whether cancer pain (CP) already exists in patients at colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosis before treatment compared with patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) after treatment and a healthy matched control group. The study also sought to examine whether factors related to physical health status could enhance pain processes. Methods An observational cross-sectional study was conducted following the STROBE checklist. Twenty-nine newly diagnosed and forty post-treatment patients with CRC and 40 healthy age/sex-matched controls were included for comparison. Pain, local muscle function, and body composition outcomes were assessed by a physiotherapist with > 3 years of experience. ANCOVA and Kruskal–Wallis tests were performed, with Bonferroni and Dunn-Bonferroni post hoc analyses and Cohen’s d and Hedge’s effect size, as appropriate. Results The analysis detected lower values of pressure pain threshold (PPT) points, the PPT index, and abdominal strength and higher values of self-reported abdominal pain in newly diagnosed patients, with even more marked results observed in the post-treatment patients, where lower lean mass and skeletal muscle index values were also found than those in the healthy matched controls (p < 0.05). In the post-treatment and healthy matched control groups, positive associations were observed between the PPT lumbar dominant side points and abdominal isometric strength and lean mass, and negative associations were observed between the lumbar dominant side points and body fat (p < 0.05). Conclusion Upon diagnosis, patients with CRC already show signs of hyperalgesia and central sensitization and deteriorated physical conditions and body composition, and this state could be aggravated by subsequent treatments.
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Caamaño-Carrillo, Christian, and Javier E. Contreras-Reyes. "A Generalization of the Bivariate Gamma Distribution Based on Generalized Hypergeometric Functions." Mathematics 10, no. 9 (May 1, 2022): 1502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10091502.
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In this paper, we provide a new bivariate distribution obtained from a Kibble-type bivariate gamma distribution. The stochastic representation was obtained by the sum of a Kibble-type bivariate random vector and a bivariate random vector builded by two independent gamma random variables. In addition, the resulting bivariate density considers an infinite series of products of two confluent hypergeometric functions. In particular, we derive the probability and cumulative distribution functions, the moment generation and characteristic functions, the Hazard, Bonferroni and Lorenz functions, and an approximation for the differential entropy and mutual information index. Numerical examples showed the behavior of exact and approximated expressions.
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Shanker, Rama, Kamlesh Kumar Shukla, and Hagos Fesshaye. "A GENERALIZATION OF SUJATHA DISTRIBUTION AND ITS APPLICATIONS WITH REAL LIFETIME DATA." Journal of Institute of Science and Technology 22, no. 1 (July 18, 2017): 66–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jist.v22i1.17742.
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A two-parameter generalization of Sujatha distribution (AGSD), which includes Lindley distribution and Sujatha distribution as particular cases, has been proposed. It's important mathematical and statistical properties including its shape for varying values of parameters, moments, coefficient of variation, skewness, kurtosis, index of dispersion, hazard rate function, mean residual life function, stochastic ordering, mean deviations, Bonferroni and Lorenz curves, and stress-strength reliability have been discussed. Maximum likelihood estimation method has been discussed for estimating its parameters. AGSD provides better fit than Sujatha, Aradhana, Lindley and exponential distributions for modeling real lifetime data.Journal of Institute of Science and TechnologyVolume 22, Issue 1, July 2017, Page: 66-83
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Lange, Isabel, Babak Alikhani, Frank Wacker, and Hans-Juergen Raatschen. "Intraindividual variation of dose parameters in oncologic CT imaging." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 23, 2021): e0250490. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250490.
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The objective of this study is to identify essential aspects influencing radiation dose in computed tomography [CT] of the chest, abdomen and pelvis by intraindividual comparison of imaging parameters and patient related factors. All patients receiving at least two consecutive CT examinations for tumor staging or follow-up within a period of 22 months were included in this retrospective study. Different CT dose estimates (computed tomography dose index [CTDIvol], dose length product [DLP], size-specific dose estimate [SSDE]) were correlated with patient’s body mass index [BMI], scan length and technical parameters (tube current, tube voltage, pitch, noise level, level of iterative reconstruction). Repeated-measures-analysis was initiated with focus on response variables (CTDIvol, DLP, SSDE) and possible factors (age, BMI, noise, scan length, peak kilovoltage [kVp], tube current, pitch, adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction [ASIR]). A univariate-linear-mixed-model with repeated-measures-analysis followed by Bonferroni adjustments was used to find associations between CT imaging parameters, BMI and dose estimates followed by a subsequent multivariate-mixed-model with repeated-measures-analysis with Bonferroni adjustments for significant parameters. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. We found all dose estimates in all imaging regions were substantially affected by tube current. The iterative reconstruction significantly influenced all dose estimates in the thoracoabdominopelvic scans as well as DLP and SSDE in chest-CT. Pitch factor affected all dose parameters in the thoracoabdominopelvic CT group. These results provide further evidence that tube current has a pivotal role and potential in radiation dose management. The use of iterative reconstruction algorithms can substantially decrease radiation dose especially in thoracoabdominopelvic and chest-CT-scans. Pitch factor should be kept at a level of ≥1.0 in order to reduce radiation dose.
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Wulaningsih, Wahyu, Petroula Proitsi, Andrew Wong, Diana Kuh, and Rebecca Hardy. "Metabolomic correlates of central adiposity and earlier-life body mass index." Journal of Lipid Research 60, no. 6 (March 18, 2019): 1136–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1194/jlr.p085944.
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BMI is correlated with circulating metabolites, but few studies discuss other adiposity measures, and little is known about metabolomic correlates of BMI from early life. We investigated associations between different adiposity measures, BMI from childhood through adulthood, and metabolites quantified from serum using 1H NMR spectroscopy in 900 British men and women aged 60–64. We assessed BMI, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), android-to-gynoid fat ratio (AGR), and BMI from childhood through adulthood. Linear regression with Bonferroni adjustment was performed to assess adiposity and metabolites. Of 233 metabolites, 168; 126; and 133 were associated with BMI, WHR, and AGR at age 60–64, respectively. Associations were strongest for HDL, particularly HDL particle size—e.g., there was 0.08 SD decrease in HDL diameter (95% CI: 0.07–0.10) with each unit increase in BMI. BMI-adjusted AGR or WHR were associated with 31 metabolites where there was no metabolome-wide association with BMI. We identified inverse associations between BMI at age 7 and glucose or glycoprotein at age 60–64 and relatively large LDL cholesteryl ester with postadolescent BMI gains. In summary, we identified metabolomic correlates of central adiposity and earlier-life BMI. These findings support opportunities to leverage metabolomics in early prevention of cardiovascular risk attributable to body fatness.
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Green, Clare, Michael Polmear, Nata Parnes, John Dunn, and John Scanaliato. "Could H Index be a Beneficial Prospective Promotion Metric?" Journal of Orthopaedic Business 1, no. 2 (October 1, 2021): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.55576/job.v1i2.7.
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Objectives
The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between Hirsch index and academic rank among shoulder and elbow surgeons affiliated with American Shoulder and Elbow Surgery (ASES) fellowship programs. Additional variables investigated included total number of publications and training program affiliation.
Design
Database review
Intervention
H-index, total number of publications, academic rank, and fellowship training pedigree for shoulder and elbow surgeons on faculty at ASES fellowship programs.
Main Outcome Measurement
Data normality was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Variance was assessed using Kruskall-Wallis test for non-parametric data that were not normally distributed due to skew and outliers. Post-hoc analysis on non-normally distributed data was performed using Mann-Whitney test with Bonferroni correction. Median differences for non-normal data were determined by Hodges-Lehman estimation.
Results
There is a strong correlation between total number of publications and h-index. Overall, there is a strong association with number of publications, h-index and training program affiliation with higher academic rank, except at the chair/director position. Type of fellowship training was not a significant predictor of academic rank. A higher proportion of junior faculty were found to have faculty appointments with their home training program.
Conclusion
H-index and total number of publications are associated with a higher academic rank for full-time shoulder and elbow fellowship affiliated surgeons.
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Hamer, Mark, and G. David Batty. "Association of body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio with brain structure." Neurology 92, no. 6 (January 9, 2019): e594-e600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000006879.
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ObjectiveTo examine the association of body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) with brain volume.MethodsWe used cross-sectional data from the UK Biobank study (n = 9,652, age 55.4 ± 7.5 years, 47.9% men). Measures included BMI, WHR, and total fat mass as ascertained from bioimpedance. Brain images were produced with structural MRI.ResultsAfter adjustment for a range of covariates, higher levels of all obesity measures were related to lower gray matter volume: BMI per 1 SD (β coefficient −4,113, 95% confidence interval [CI] −4,862 to −3,364), WHR (β coefficient −4,272, 95% CI −5,280 to −3,264), and fat mass (β coefficient −4,590, 95% CI −5,386 to −3,793). The combination of overall obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) and central obesity (WHR >0.85 for women, >0.90 for men) was associated with the lowest gray matter compared with that in lean adults. In hypothesis-free testing with a Bonferroni correction, obesity was also related to various regional brain volumes, including caudate, putamen, pallidum, and nucleus accumbens. No associations between obesity and white matter were apparent.ConclusionThe combination of heightened BMI and WHR may be an important risk factor for gray matter atrophy.
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Scalabre, Aurélien, Floriane Maniouloux, Sophie Vermersch, Arnaud Patoir, Elie Haddad, Manuel Lopez, François Varlet, and Olivier Tiffet. "Utility of radiation-free imaging for initial evaluation of pectus excavatum." Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery 29, no. 4 (June 20, 2019): 503–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icvts/ivz145.
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Abstract OBJECTIVES The OrtenBodyOne scanner is a radiation-free, 3-dimensional imaging system recently developed for evaluation of the severity of pectus excavatum (PE). The goal of this study was to evaluate the utility of this new imaging system compared with that of computed tomography (CT) for the evaluation of the severity of PE. METHODS Patients treated for PE from April 2015 to January 2017 with available CT and OrtenBodyOne data were included. Correlations between indexes calculated from CT and from OrtenBodyOne were determined by applying the non-parametric Spearman correlation procedure with a Bonferroni correction to adjust for multiple comparisons. RESULTS Forty men (90.9%) and 4 women (9.1%), 20 with symmetrical (45.5%) and 24 with asymmetrical PE (54.5%), were included. The median age was 16.1 years (range 4.3–63.5 years). The following measures and indexes acquired using OrtenBodyOne and CT were significantly correlated: pectus depth (r = 0.84; P = 0.002), anthropometric index (r = 0.81; P = 0.002) and asymmetry index (r = 0.67; P = 0.002). The correlation between the CT Haller index and the external Haller index was only significant for symmetrical PE (r = 0.57; P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS The OrtenBodyOne imaging system can be used to evaluate the severity of symmetrical PE using the external Haller index. Asymmetry and anthropometric indexes are more reliable for the evaluation of asymmetrical PE. Measures can be repeated throughout treatment while avoiding unnecessary irradiation.
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Zaher, Mahmoud A., and Marwan Al Al-Akaidi. "Information error-based Pythagorean fuzzy cloud technique for managing road traffic risk." International Journal of Wireless and Ad Hoc Communication 4, no. 2 (2022): 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.54216/ijwac.040201.
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This research proposes a novel procurement process for road traffic analysis by using the information error-based Pythagorean fuzzy cloud (PFC) method. First, a 20-factor assessment index method for road traffic was developed. The notion of PFCs was devised to represent the assessment information of an indication. Concurrently, the PFC-weighted Bonferroni mean (PFCWBM) operator was created to aggregate the evaluation data of multiple indications. Then, a method for evaluating and selecting road traffic based on the PFCWBM operator was developed. Furthermore, an application for demonstrating the efficacy of the suggested method was provided. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method was evaluated. Results demonstrate that our algorithm can define and assess complicated data with relatively high susceptibility and environmental adaptation.
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DeGeeter, Michelle, Shawn Riser Taylor, Ece Ilkiz Okarlton, Jamie Ellex, and Christian Dolder. "Results of a Pharmacist Intervention on Weight Parameters and A1c Compared to Standard Patient Care." Journal of Pharmacy Technology 34, no. 5 (June 5, 2018): 194–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8755122518779338.
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Obesity is linked to many accompanying comorbidities and has a substantial effect on the cost of health care. Pharmacist are able to provide management and intervention for the treatment of these disease states. This study examined outcomes 12 months prior to pharmacist intervention and 6 months postintervention. The primary outcome was to determine if pharmacist service intervention resulted in improved markers of weight and diabetes. This study revealed significant improvement in the HgbA1c and body mass index (BMI) from baseline (A1c 7.9%, BMI 35.3 kg/m2) to postintervention (A1c 7%, BMI 34.1 kg/m2). These results were statistically significant ( P < .001, Bonferroni correction applied for multiple comparisons), indicating the clinical importance of adding pharmacists to the health care team in obesity and diabetes management.
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Kusic, Dara M., Wendy N. Roberts, Joseph P. Jarvis, Pan Zhang, Laura B. Scheinfeldt, Kaveri D. Rajula, Ruth Brenner, Michael P. Dempsey, and Stefan C. Zajic. "rs11670527 Upstream of ZNF264 Associated with Body Mass Index in the Coriell Personalized Medicine Collaborative." Military Medicine 185, Supplement_1 (September 3, 2019): 649–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usz216.
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Abstract Introduction: the effects of obesity on health are a concern for the military as they affect the fitness to serve of active service members, increase costs to the Military Health System, and reduce quality of life for veterans and beneficiaries. Although obesity can be influenced by behavioral and environmental factors, it has also been shown to be associated with genetic risk factors that are not fully understood. Materials and Methods: we performed a genome-wide association study of 5,251 participants in the Coriell Personalized Medicine Collaborative, which includes 2,111 Air Force participants. We applied a generalized linear model, using principal component analysis to account for population structure, and analyzed single-variant associations with body mass index (BMI) as a continuous variable, using a Bonferroni-corrected P-value threshold to account for multiplicity. Results: we identified one genome-wide significant locus, rs11670527, upstream of the ZNF264 gene on chromosome 19, associated with BMI. Conclusions: the finding of an association between rs11670527 and BMI adds to the growing body of literature characterizing the complex genetics of obesity. These efforts may eventually inform personalized interventions aimed at achieving and maintaining healthy weight.
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Demmer, R. T., P. Trinh, M. Rosenbaum, G. Li, C. LeDuc, R. Leibel, A. González, et al. "Subgingival Microbiota and Longitudinal Glucose Change: The Oral Infections, Glucose Intolerance and Insulin Resistance Study (ORIGINS)." Journal of Dental Research 98, no. 13 (October 17, 2019): 1488–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034519881978.
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Microbial communities along mucosal surfaces throughout the digestive tract are hypothesized as risk factors for impaired glucose regulation and the development of clinical cardiometabolic disease. We investigated whether baseline measures of subgingival microbiota predicted fasting plasma glucose (FPG) longitudinally. The Oral Infections, Glucose Intolerance and Insulin Resistance Study (ORIGINS) enrolled 230 diabetes-free adults (77% female) aged 20 to 55 y (mean ± SD, 34 ± 10 y) from whom baseline subgingival plaque and longitudinal FPG were measured. DNA was extracted from subgingival plaque, and V3 to V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene were sequenced. FPG was measured at baseline and again at 2 y; glucose change was defined as follow-up minus baseline. Multivariable linear models regressed 2-y glucose change onto baseline measures of community diversity and abundances of 369 individual taxa. A microbial dysbiosis index (MDI) summarizing top individual taxa associated with glucose change was calculated and used in regression models. Models were adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, smoking status, body mass index, and baseline glucose levels. Statistical significance was based on the false discovery rate (FDR; <0.05) or a Bonferroni-corrected P value of 1 × 10-4, derived from the initial 369 hypothesis tests for specific taxa. Mean 2-y FPG change was 1.5 ± 8 mg/dL. Baseline levels of 9 taxa predicted FPG change (all FDR <0.05), among which Stomatobaculum sp oral taxon 097 and Atopobium spp predicted greater FPG change, while Leptotrichia sp oral taxon 498 predicted lesser FPG change (all 3 P values, Bonferroni significant). The MDI explained 6% of variation in longitudinal glucose change ( P < 0.001), and baseline glucose levels explained 10% of variation ( P < 0.0001). FPG change values ± SE in the third versus first tertile of the MDI were 4.5 ± 0.9 versus 1.6 ± 0.9 ( P < 1 × 10-4). Subgingival microbiota predict 2-y glucose change among diabetes-free men and women.
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Fascione, Jeanna M., Ryan T. Crews, and James S. Wrobel. "Association of Footprint Measurements with Plantar Kinetics." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 104, no. 2 (March 1, 2014): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/0003-0538-104.2.125.
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Background The use of foot measurements to classify morphology and interpret foot function remains one of the focal concepts of lower-extremity biomechanics. However, only 27% to 55% of midfoot variance in foot pressures has been determined in the most comprehensive models. We investigated whether dynamic walking footprint measurements are associated with inter-individual foot loading variability. Methods Thirty individuals (15 men and 15 women; mean ± SD age, 27.17 ± 2.21 years) walked at a self-selected speed over an electronic pedography platform using the midgait technique. Kinetic variables (contact time, peak pressure, pressure-time integral, and force-time integral) were collected for six masked regions. Footprints were digitized for area and linear boundaries using digital photo planimetry software. Six footprint measurements were determined: contact area, footprint index, arch index, truncated arch index, Chippaux-Smirak index, and Staheli index. Linear regression analysis with a Bonferroni adjustment was performed to determine the association between the footprint measurements and each of the kinetic variables. Results The findings demonstrate that a relationship exists between increased midfoot contact and increased kinetic values in respective locations. Many of these variables produced large effect sizes while describing 38% to 71% of the common variance of select plantar kinetic variables in the medial midfoot region. In addition, larger footprints were associated with larger kinetic values at the medial heel region and both masked forefoot regions. Conclusions Dynamic footprint measurements are associated with dynamic plantar loading kinetics, with emphasis on the midfoot region.
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Medarevic, Jelena, Marija Novicic, and Marko Markovic. "Feasibility test of activity index summary metric in human hand activity recognition." Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering 19, no. 2 (2022): 225–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sjee2202225m.
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Activity monitoring is a technique for assessing the physical activity that a person undertakes over some time. Activity Index (AI) is a metric that summarizes the raw measurements from tri-axial accelerometers, often used for measuring physical activity. Our research compared the Activity Index for different activity groups and hand usage [1]. We also tested this metric as a classification feature, and how different data acquisition and segmentation parameter configurations influence classification accuracy. Data acquisition was done with a previously developed system that includes a smartwatch on each wrist and a smartphone placed in the subject?s pocket; raw data from smartwatch accelerometers was used for the analysis. We calculated the Activity Index for labeled data segments and used ANOVA1 statistical test with Bonferroni correction. Significant differences were found between cases of hand usage (left, right, none, both). In the next analysis phase, the Activity Index was used as the classification feature with three supervised machine learning algorithms-Support Vector Machine, k-Nearest Neighbors, and Random Forest. The best accuracy (measured by F1 score) of classifying hand usage was achieved by using the Random Forest algorithm, 50 Hz sampling frequency, and a window of 10 s without overlap for AI calculation, and it was 97%. On the other hand, the classification of activity groups had a low accuracy, which indicated that a specific activity group can?t be identified by using only one simple feature.
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Koo, Vincent, Amgad El Mekabaty, Peter Hamilton, Perry Maxwell, Osama Sharaf, Jim Diamond, Jenny Watson, and Kathleen Williamson. "Novel In Vitro Assays for the Characterization of EMT in Tumourigenesis." Analytical Cellular Pathology 32, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2010): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/985981.
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Background: Two novel assays quantifying Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) were compared to traditional motility and migration assays. TGF-β1 treatment of AY-27 rat bladder cancer cells acted as a model of EMT in tumourigenesis.Methods: AY-27 rat bladder cancer cells incubated with 3 ng/ml TGF-β1 or control media for 24 or 48 h were assessed using novel and traditional assays. The Spindle Index, a novel measure of spindle phenotype, was derived from the ratio of maximum length to maximum width of cells. The area covered by cells which migrated from a fixed coverslip towards supplemented agarose was measured in a novel chemoattractant assay. Motility, migration and immunoreactivity for E-cadherin, Vimentin and cytokeratin were assessed.Results: TGF-β1 treated cells had increased “spindle” phenotype together with decreased E-cadherin, decreased Cytokeratin-18 and increased Vimentin immunoreactivity. After 48 h, the mean Spindle Index of TGF-β1 treated cells was significantly higher than Mock (p=0.02, Bonferroni test) and there were significant differences in migration across treatment groups measured using the novel chemoattractant assay (p=0.02, Chi-square). TGF-β1 significantly increased matrigel invasion.Conclusions: The Spindle Index and the novel chemoattractant assay are valuable adjunctive assays for objective characterization of EMT changes during tumourigenesis.
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Philibert, Robert, Steven R. H. Beach, Man-Kit Lei, Frederick X. Gibbons, Meg Gerrard, Ronald L. Simons, and Meeshanthini V. Dogan. "Array-Based Epigenetic Aging Indices May Be Racially Biased." Genes 11, no. 6 (June 22, 2020): 685. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11060685.
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Epigenetic aging (EA) indices are frequently used as predictors of mortality and other important health outcomes. However, each of the commonly used array-based indices has significant heritable components which could tag ethnicity and potentially confound comparisons across racial and ethnic groups. To determine if this was possible, we examined the relationship of DNA methylation in cord blood from 203 newborns (112 African American (AA) and 91 White) at the 513 probes from the Levine PhenoAge Epigenetic Aging index to ethnicity. Then, we examined all sites significantly associated with race in the newborn sample to determine if they were also associated with an index of ethnic genetic heritage in a cohort of 505 AA adults. After Bonferroni correction, methylation at 50 CpG sites was significantly associated with ethnicity in the newborn cohort. The five most significant sites predicted ancestry with a receiver operator characteristic area under the curve of 0.97. Examination of the top 50 sites in the AA adult cohort showed that methylation status at 11 of those sites was also associated with percentage European ancestry. We conclude that the Levine PhenoAge Index is influenced by cryptic ethnic-specific genetic influences. This influence may extend to similarly constructed EA indices and bias cross-race comparisons.
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Kautzky, Alexander, Kathrin Heneis, Karin Stengg, Sabine Fröhlich, and Alexandra Kautzky-Willer. "Short Term Caloric Restriction and Biofeedback Enhance Psychological Wellbeing and Reduce Overweight in Healthy Women." Journal of Personalized Medicine 11, no. 11 (October 26, 2021): 1096. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm11111096.
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Obesity is highly prevalent, causing substantial cardiovascular and mental health morbidity. Women show increased risk for mental health disorders, that is multiplied in obesity and related to cellular and psychological stress that can be targeted by non-pharmacological interventions. A total of 43 women underwent two weeks of caloric restriction, half of which also received 7 h of individualized clinical psychological intervention including psychoeducation, mindfulness, and heart-rate-variability biofeedback. Effects on body mass index (BMI), fatty liver index (FLI), bioimpedance measures, serum parameters, perceived stress (PSS), burn-out susceptibility (burn out diagnostic inventory) and dimensional psychiatric symptom load (brief symptom inventory, BSI) were analyzed with linear mixed effects models. Caloric restriction led to a reduction in BMI, body fat and FLI, decreased serum concentrations of leptin, PSS score, BSI dimensions and global severity index (all p ≤ 0.0001, withstanding Bonferroni–Holm correction). Benefits of add-on biofeedback were observed for BMI reduction (p = 0.041). Caloric restriction was effective in ameliorating both psychological wellbeing and metabolic functions following a BMI reduction. Biofeedback boosted effects on BMI reduction and the combinative therapy may be protective against common progression to mental health and cardiovascular disorders in overweight women while comparing favorably to pharmacological interventions in terms of side-effects and acceptability.
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Molent, Cinzia, Eleonora Maggioni, Filippo Cecchetto, Marco Garzitto, Sara Piccin, Carolina Bonivento, Marta Maieron, et al. "Reduced cortical thickness and increased gyrification in generalized anxiety disorder: a 3 T MRI study." Psychological Medicine 48, no. 12 (December 14, 2017): 2001–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003329171700352x.
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AbstractBackgroundAlthough the study of the neuroanatomical correlates of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is gaining increasing interest, up to now the cortical anatomy of GAD patients has been poorly investigated and still no data on cortical gyrification are available. The aim of the present study is to quantitatively examine the cortical morphology in patients with GAD compared with healthy controls (HC) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study analyzing the gyrification patterns in GAD.MethodsA total of 31 GAD patients and 31 HC underwent 3 T structural MRI. For each subject, cortical surface area (CSA), cortical thickness (CT), gray matter volume (GMV), and local gyrification index (LGI) were estimated in 19 regions of interest using the Freesurfer software. These parameters were then compared between the two groups using General Linear Model designs.ResultsCompared with HC, GAD patients showed: (1) reduced CT in right caudal middle frontal gyrus (p < 0.05, Bonferroni corrected), (2) hyper-gyrification in right fusiform, inferior temporal, superior parietal and supramarginal gyri and in left supramarginal and superior frontal gyri (p < 0.05, Bonferroni corrected). No significant alterations in CSA and GMV were observed.ConclusionsOur findings support the hypothesis of a neuroanatomical basis for GAD, highlighting a possible key role of the right hemisphere. The alterations of CT and gyrification in GAD suggest a neurodevelopmental origin of the disorder. Further studies on GAD are needed to understand the evolution of the cerebral morphology with age and during the clinical course of the illness.
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Yerkudov, Valerii O., Andrey P. Pugovkin, Azat T. Matchanov, Kenzhabek U. Rozumbetov, Ruslan K. Dauletov, Sergej S. Rogozin, and Maria A. Pakhomova. "An analysis of deviations from international standards of physique development in male youngsters from the former aral sea region." Pediatrician (St. Petersburg) 11, no. 6 (December 31, 2020): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ped11621-28.
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Introduction. According to the commonly accepted classification, geographical division of the Southern Near-Aral region (Karakalpakstan, Republic of Uzbekistan) is determined by the distance from the epicenter of the formal Aral Sea ecological disaster. The physique development was compared in male youngsters living in Zone No. 1 (critical), Zone No. 2 (stable) and Zone No. 3 (normal). The aim was a comparison of body length and mass in male youngsters up to 17 years old living in all three zones.
Material and methods. Total body length and mass were studied in 320 male volunteers, age 1719. Z-index of body length and body mass index (BMI) were estimated according to the standards of WHO Growth Reference, 2007. Batch-to-batch variations were studied with KruskalWallis test, and MannWhitney criterion including Bonferroni correction for multiple comparison. Categorical features were compared using Fishers exact test for 33 contingency tables with calculating the proportion of children with one or another deviation in body weight. The results were considered statistically significant at p 0.05.
Results. Subjects from Zone 1 possessed significantly lower valued of BMI and Z-index. The incidence of Z-index values lower than mean (less 1 SD) were significantly higher in Zone 1 (critical).
Conclusion. The results may be explained by via chemical pollution of the environment by the endocrine-disrupting chemicals in the critical zone of the Aral See region ecological disaster and can be implied for the health monitoring of the local population.
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Pop, Cristiana, and Valentina Ciomag. "Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on body mass index in young adults." Physical education of students 25, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 98–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.15561/20755279.2021.0204.
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Background and Study Aim. We conducted our research on the supposition that in pandemic context the student’s weight might increase, influencing consequently BMI values. For the present moment humankind must cope with important changes and regulation which have massively impacted our daily lives. Social distancing measures taken in many schools and universities for limiting exposure and transmission coronavirus run counter how the education process is operating usually. The question that this context rises is: how people in general and especially young people are coping with this lack of physical activity and physical education changes?
Material and Methods. In this study were involved 176 male university students, 19.3±0.67 years of age, divided in two equal groups: the first one measured in 2018, with regular physical activity in face-to-face mode and the second one measured in the end of 2020, after almost one year of remote learning.
Results. In between the two measurements the BMI increased with 1.8 kg/m2, primarily because weight gain. It results that in just two years the percentage of young men with weight issues had a significant increase from 19.3% to 33%. Applying Bonferroni correction for two tests and p < 0.05 it turns out that the two data samples are different with a statistical confidence >95%.
Conclusions. Under the pandemic circumstances the energy balance between food consumption and physical activity was seriously disturbed, resulting in an increased BMI. Our results confirm this tendency presented in other studies on samples of adolescents and young adults, from different countries and regions.
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Kang, Se-Won, and Eun-Mi Jun. "Factors Affecting the Quality of Life among Breast Cancer Women Survivors." Korean Data Analysis Society 24, no. 6 (December 30, 2022): 2369–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.37727/jkdas.2022.24.6.2369.
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This study was conducted to identify the factors affecting the quality of life among 101 breast cancer women survivors using the results of the 2019-2020 National Health and Nutrition Survey. Data were analyzed using percentage, frequency analysis, average, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, bonferroni method, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS/WIN 25.0. There were statistically significant differences in the quality of life results by age (F=6.151, p=.001), marital status (F=13.547, p=.001), education level (F=3.301, p=.021), and economic activity (t=2.400, p=.017) of demographic characteristics, and by health checkups (t=2.000, p=.046) and depression (t=-2.310, p=.022) of health characteristics. The quality of life was 0.93±0.12 points, the subjective health status was 3.19±0.80 points, the stress perception level was 2.90±0.85 points, and the body mass index was 24.09±3.53. The quality of life had a statistically significant correlation with subjective health status (r=-0.413, p<.001), body mass index (r=-0.247, p<.013). The quality of life increased in proportion to subjective health status, and the explanatory power was 46.8%.
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Xiang, Shate, Yiqian Qu, Suhai Qian, Rongyun Wang, Yao Wang, Yibo Jin, Jie Li, and Xinghong Ding. "Association between systemic lupus erythematosus and disruption of gut microbiota: a meta-analysis." Lupus Science & Medicine 9, no. 1 (March 2022): e000599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/lupus-2021-000599.
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ObjectiveRecent studies reported that SLE is characterised by altered interactions between the microbiome and immune system. We performed a meta-analysis of publications on this topic.MethodsCase–control studies that compared patients with SLE and healthy controls (HCs) and determined the diversity of the gut microbiota and the abundance of different microbes were examined. Stata/MP V.16 was used for the meta-analysis. A Bonferroni correction for multiple tests was used to reduce the likelihood of false-positive results.ResultsWe included 11 case–control studies that examined 373 patients with SLE and 1288 HCs. These studies were performed in five countries and nine cities. Compared with HCs, patients with SLE had gut microbiota with lower Shannon-Wiener diversity index (weighted mean difference=−0.22, 95% CI −0.32 to –0.13, p<0.001) and lower Chao1 richness (standardised mean difference (SMD)=−0.62, 95% CI −1.04 to –0.21, p=0.003). Patients with SLE had lower abundance of Ruminococcaceae (SMD = −0.49, 95% CI −0.84 to −0.15,p=0.005), but greater abundance of Enterobacteriaceae (SMD=0.45, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.89, p=0.045) and Enterococcaceae (SMD=0.53, 95% CI 0.05 to 1.01, p=0.03). However, only the results for Ruminococcaceae passed the Bonferroni correction (p=0.0071). The two groups had no significant differences in Lachnospiraceae and Bacteroides (both p>0.05). Patients with SLE who used high doses of glucocorticoids had altered gut microbiota based on the Chao1 species diversity estimator, and hydroxychloroquine use appeared to reduce the abundance of Enterobacteriaceae.ConclusionsPatients with SLE have imbalanced gut microbiota, with a decrease in beneficial bacteria and an increase in harmful bacteria. Drugs used to treat SLE may also alter the gut microbiota of these patients.
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Theusinger, Oliver M., Pierre-François Leyvraz, Urs Schanz, Burkhardt Seifert, and Donat R. Spahn. "Treatment of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Orthopedic Surgery with Intravenous Iron: Efficacy and Limits." Anesthesiology 107, no. 6 (December 1, 2007): 923–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.anes.0000291441.10704.82.
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Background Preoperative anemia is frequent in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery. The purpose of this study was to assess the preoperative increase of hemoglobin in iron deficiency anemia patients treated with intravenous iron. Methods After obtaining written informed consent, 20 patients with iron deficiency anemia received 900 mg intravenous iron sucrose over 10 days starting 4 weeks before surgery. Changes of hemoglobin and iron status were measured over 4 weeks and at discharge. In the last 11 patients, endogenous erythropoietin was also measured. Data were analyzed using the Friedman test followed by pairwise Wilcoxon signed rank tests with Bonferroni correction. Results Hemoglobin increased significantly (P < 0.0001) after intravenous iron treatment. Overall, the mean maximum increase was 1.0 +/- 0.6 g/dl (range, 0.2-2.2 g/dl). Ferritin increased from 78 +/- 70 to 428 +/- 191 microg/l (P = 0.0001), ferritin index decreased from 2.7 +/- 2.4 to 1.5 +/- 1.0 (P = 0.0001), and soluble transferrin receptor decreased from 4.1 +/- 2.3 mg/l to 3.7 +/- 2.3 mg/l (P = 0.049), whereas transferrin saturation (20.5 +/- 9.0 to 22.9 +/- 9.0%) and serum iron (13.3 +/- 4.6 to 13.1 +/- 4.5 microm) did not change significantly after intravenous iron treatment. Endogenous erythropoietin decreased from 261 +/- 130 pg/ml to 190 +/- 49 pg/ml 2 weeks after intravenous iron treatment (P = 0.050, not significant after Bonferroni correction). No adverse events related to intravenous iron were observed. The maximum increase of hemoglobin was observed 2 weeks after the start of intravenous iron treatment, indicating that administration of intravenous iron 2-3 weeks before surgery may be optimal. Conclusion Treatment with intravenous iron allows correcting iron deficiency anemia before elective surgery.
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Buizza, Giulia, Chiara Paganelli, Emma D’Ippolito, Giulia Fontana, Silvia Molinelli, Lorenzo Preda, Giulia Riva, et al. "Radiomics and Dosiomics for Predicting Local Control after Carbon-Ion Radiotherapy in Skull-Base Chordoma." Cancers 13, no. 2 (January 18, 2021): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13020339.
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Skull-base chordoma (SBC) can be treated with carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) to improve local control (LC). The study aimed to explore the role of multi-parametric radiomic, dosiomic and clinical features as prognostic factors for LC in SBC patients undergoing CIRT. Before CIRT, 57 patients underwent MR and CT imaging, from which tumour contours and dose maps were obtained. MRI and CT-based radiomic, and dosiomic features were selected and fed to two survival models, singularly or by combining them with clinical factors. Adverse LC was given by in-field recurrence or tumour progression. The dataset was split in development and test sets and the models’ performance evaluated using the concordance index (C-index). Patients were then assigned a low- or high-risk score. Survival curves were estimated, and risk groups compared through log-rank tests (after Bonferroni correction α = 0.0083). The best performing models were built on features describing tumour shape and dosiomic heterogeneity (median/interquartile range validation C-index: 0.80/024 and 0.79/0.26), followed by combined (0.73/0.30 and 0.75/0.27) and CT-based models (0.77/0.24 and 0.64/0.28). Dosiomic and combined models could consistently stratify patients in two significantly different groups. Dosiomic and multi-parametric radiomic features showed to be promising prognostic factors for LC in SBC treated with CIRT.
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Capling, Louise, Ryan Tam, Kathryn L. Beck, Gary J. Slater, Victoria M. Flood, Helen T. O’Connor, and Janelle A. Gifford. "Diet Quality of Elite Australian Athletes Evaluated Using the Athlete Diet Index." Nutrients 13, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13010126.
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While athletes’ nutrient intakes have been widely reported, few studies have assessed the diet quality of athletes. This is the first study to evaluate the diet quality of athletes using the purpose-built Athlete Diet Index (ADI). A convenience sample of 165 elite athletes from Australian sporting institutions completed the ADI online, with subsequent automated results provided to their respective accredited sports dietitians (ASDs). At the completion of athlete participation, ASDs (n = 12) responded to a range of survey items using a Likert scale (i.e., 1 = strongly agree to 5 = strongly disagree) to determine the suitability of the ADI in practice. Differences in ADI scores for demographics and sport-specific variables were investigated using independent t-tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni multiple comparisons. Spearman’s rank correlation was used to assess the association between total scores and demographics. The mean total ADI score was 91.4 ± 12.2 (range 53–117, out of a possible 125). While there was no difference in total scores based on demographics or sport-specific variables; team sport athletes scored higher than individual sport athletes (92.7 vs. 88.5, p < 0.05). Athletes training fewer hours (i.e., 0–11 h/week) scored higher on Dietary Habits sub-scores compared with athletes training more hours (≥12 h/week; p < 0.05), suggesting that athletes who train longer may be at risk of a compromised dietary pattern or less than optimal nutrition practices that support training. Most (75%) ASDs surveyed strongly agreed with the perceived utility of the ADI for screening athletes and identifying areas for nutrition support, confirming its suitability for use in practice.
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Nogueira, Lilia de Souza, Regina Márcia Cardoso de Sousa, Erika de Souza Guedes, Mariana Alvina dos Santos, Ruth Natalia Teresa Turrini, and Diná de Almeida Lopes Monteiro da Cruz. "Burnout and nursing work environment in public health institutions." Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem 71, no. 2 (April 2018): 336–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2016-0524.
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ABSTRACT Objective: to identify associations between the Burnout domains and the characteristics of the work environment. Method: cross-sectional study with 745 nurses from 40 public health institutions in São Paulo. Nursing Work Index-Revised (NWI-R) and Maslach Burnout Inventory were used. Similar institutions according to NWI-R were grouped by clustering and the Anova and Bonferroni tests were used in the comparative analyzes. Results: there was significant and moderate correlation between emotional exhaustion and autonomy, control over the environment and organizational support; between reduced personal accomplishment, autonomy and organizational support; and between depersonalization and autonomy. The group that presented the worst conditions in the work environment differed on emotional exhaustion from the group with most favorable traits. Conclusion: emotional exhaustion was the trait of Burnout that was more consistently related to the group of institutions with more unfavorable working conditions regarding autonomy, organizational support and control over the environment.
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YEŞİLTEPE, AKGÜN, Gülendam Karadağ, and Kübra Pınar Gürkan. "The Effect of Obesity Awareness of Body Mass Index and Blood Pressure in Primary School Students." Gevher Nesibe Journal IESDR 7, no. 17 (March 21, 2022): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.46648/gnj.396.
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Background: This study aimed to examine the effect of obesity awareness on blood pressure and body mass index in primary school students. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out with a total of 633 students, primary schools located in the western Anatolia of Turkey. Data were collected using a Socio-Demographic Data Collection Form and the Obesity Awareness Scale (OAS). Spearman’s Correlation Analysis, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, and Bonferroni tests were used to analyze the study data. Results: The students 12.6% were overweight, 11.8% were obese, 9.8% had stage-1 hypertension, and 2.1% had stage-2 hypertension. The mean total score of the students from the obesity awareness scale (OAS) was 20.36 and moderate level of obesity awareness, no statistical difference was found between blood pressure and OAS and its sub-scales (p>0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between BMI and the physical activity sub-scales of (OAS) (p<0.05). Conclusion: The obesity awareness of those who were female, whose father had an undergraduate degree, whose mother was a high school graduate, who did sports regularly, and who had breakfast at home was higher. Obesity awareness had no effect on blood pressure, and there was a significant relationship between BMI and physical activity sub-scales of the obesity awareness scale.
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Chauhan, Kajal Girdharlal, and Megha Sheth. "Comparison of the Effect of Aerobic Training and Resistance Training on Body Mass Index and Skinfold Thickness in Overweight and Obese Adults - An Experimental Study." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 12, no. 7 (July 20, 2022): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20220704.
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Introduction: The World Health Organization defines overweight and obesity as abnormal and excessive fat accumulation that may impair health. Exercise has shown to have a positive effect on mood and decreasing cardiovascular risk in normal people. Physical activity favorably alters the body composition. Aerobic exercise and resistance training, even without dietary restriction, may provide positive spin-off to the weight loss effort. Studies of aerobic versus resisted exercises in reduction of body weight is insufficient Indian population. Method: Demographic and anthropometric data (Age, gender, Body mass index, VO2 max and skin fold thickness) was collected. Aerobic - Group A performed treadmill walking 6 days /week, 20mins / day, Resistance- Group B performed set 1 (Chest press, Arm extension, Leg extension, Quadriceps, Lower abdominals) and set 2 (Elbow flexion, Elbow extension, Retractors, Upper abdominals) on alternate days for 6 days/week. Outcome measures were taken pre and post intervention. Results: Body mass index, skinfold thickness, aerobic capacity, rate pressure product and quality of life significantly improved p <0.001. Post hoc Bonferroni test showed that aerobic training is better than resistance training for improving body mass index, aerobic capacity, rate pressure product and quality of life where as resistance training is better than aerobic and control group to reduce skinfold thickness. Conclusion: Aerobic training is more effective than resistance training for body mass index, aerobic capacity, rate pressure product and quality of life where as resistance training is better than aerobic group to reduce skinfold thickness. Key words: Aerobic training, Resistance training, Vo2max, SF36, Skinfold thickness.
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Patiño Palma, Brayan Esneider, Carlos Alberto Ramos Parrací, and Pedro Antonio Calero Saa. "Normative values of muscular and cardiorespiratory fitness and their relationship with anthropometric variables in Colombian adolescents. Multicentre study (Valores normativos de aptitud muscular y cardiorrespiratoria y su relación con variables antropomé." Retos 43 (September 8, 2021): 818–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v43i0.88883.
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Objectives: The purposes of this research were: 1. To establish reference values for cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular fitness. 2. To establish the relationship between anthropometric characteristics and physical fitness parameters. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional, multicentre, analytical study; students aged between 12 and 18 years from 10 Colombian cities were evaluated. The sample was 3455 students with a reliability of 95%, a statistical power of 84%, and an expected correlation of 0.30. Anthropometric variables, General Strength Index (GSI), and Cardiopulmonary Capacity were taken into account. A two-way analysis of variance (two-way ANOVA) was performed with Bonferroni post hoc adjustments. A Box-Cox Cole and Green (BCCG) lest squares method (LMS) distribution was performed. Results: A higher performance was found on males in all tests performed, and a higher average body mass index (BMI), waist-height index, and fat percentage on the females. Weak to moderate negative correlations were identified between muscular and cardiopulmonary fitness and anthropometric variables. Additionally, significant differences were identified between GSI with waist circumference and fat percentage. Conclusion: Cardiorespiratory fitness assessment and GSI are tools to be considered as a complement to the evaluation of academic programs with school health prevention objectives.
Resumen: Objetivos: Los objetivos de esta investigación fueron: 1. Establecer valores de referencia para la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria y la aptitud muscular. 2. Establecer la relación entre características antropométricas y parámetros de aptitud física. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio analítico, transversal, multicéntrico; Se evaluó a estudiantes de entre 12 y 18 años de 10 ciudades colombianas. La muestra fue de 3455 estudiantes con una confiabilidad del 95%, un poder estadístico del 84% y una correlación esperada de 0.30. Se tomaron en cuenta variables antropométricas, Índice de Fuerza General (GSI) y Capacidad Cardiopulmonar. Se realizó un análisis de varianza bidireccional (ANOVA bidireccional) con ajustes post hoc de Bonferroni. Se realizó el cálculo de los percentiles normalizados a partir del método de mínimos cuadrados (LMS) de Box-Cox Cole y Green (BCCG). Resultados: Se encontró un mayor rendimiento en los hombres en todas las pruebas realizadas, sin embargo, se evidencio un índice de masa corporal (IMC) promedio, índice de cintura y porcentaje de grasa más altos en las mujeres. Se identificaron correlaciones negativas débiles a moderadas entre la aptitud muscular y cardiopulmonar y las variables antropométricas. Además, se identificaron diferencias significativas entre GSI con la circunferencia de cintura y el porcentaje de grasa. Conclusión: La evaluación de la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria y el GSI son herramientas a considerar como un complemento a la evaluación de los programas académicos con objetivos de prevención en salud escolar.
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Yeung, Chris Ho Ching, Devina Tri Lestrai Kusnadi, Alan Winston Barclay, Jennie Cecile Brand-Miller, and Jimmy Chun Yu Louie. "The Decreasing Trend in Dietary Glycaemic Index and Glycaemic Load in Australian Children and Adolescents between 1995 and 2012." Nutrients 10, no. 9 (September 16, 2018): 1312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10091312.
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This study aims to examine whether there were changes between 1995–2012 in the dietary glycaemic index (dGI) and glycaemic load (dGL) in Australian children (<16 years) according to three national surveys in 1995 (1995NS), 2007 (2007NS), and 2011–2012 (2012NS). Glycaemic index (GI) values of foods were assigned using published methodology. Plausible 24-h recall data from the 1995NS, 2007NS and 2012NS (weighted n = 2475, 4373 and 1691 respectively) were compared for differences in dGI and dGL, and the contribution to dGL from different foods using one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc comparisons and linear regression. Decreasing trends across surveys were found in dGI and dGL (p < 0.001). Between 1995 and 2012, dGI and dGL per Megajoule (MJ) dropped by 2% and 6% respectively. The per capita dGL contribution from breads and bread rolls, fruit and vegetable juices, sweetened beverages and potatoes showed strong decreasing trends (R2 > 0.7). Our findings suggest that dGI and dGL of Australian youths declined between 1995 to 2012, which may be due to increased awareness of the GI concept and healthy diet, widened food choices and immigrants with diverse dietary habits. This may lower the future risks of chronic degenerative diseases in Australian youths.
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Marigliano, Elisabeth, Pamela Stewart Fahs, and Cristina Ludden. "Walking for Heart Health: A Study of Adult Women in Rural New York." Creative Nursing 22, no. 4 (2016): 268–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1078-4535.22.4.268.
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Purpose: The study was undertaken to partially address the number one priority for Delaware County for 2013–2017: reducing chronic illness including heart disease and obesity (Delaware County Public Health, 2013). Thus, the purpose was to examine the effects of a 10-week walking program on outcomes, such as blood pressure (BP), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, body mass index (BMI), 10-year cardiovascular risk, and results of a 6-minute walk test, for adult women in a rural community in New York.Methods: A quasi-experimental study conducted 8 paired t tests of pre- and postdata using Bonferroni correction for multiple t tests. A convenience sample of 70 retained 62 to completion. Pre- and post-BMI, TC, HDL, BP, and a 6-minute walk test data were collected for each participant. Pedometer activity was collected throughout the program with computer downloads at 5 and 10 weeks. Sociodemographic variables including age, self-reported ethnicity, and educational level were used to describe the sample and trends in the data.Findings: Age range was 29–79 years (M = 55) years. Mean pretest weight was 181 lb; mean BMI was 30.7 kg/m2. There was a statistically significant improvement (p < .05) in weight, BMI, TC, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and 6-minute walk test. All comparisons retained significance except TC after the Bonferroni correction. There was also a statistically significant increase (p < .05) in aerobic steps from midway to end of study after an incentive raffle challenge was introduced.Conclusions: The data suggest that a community walking program using pedometers with tracking capabilities was successful in increasing steps and improving select cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in a group of women in a rural community in New York.
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Luotola, Kari, Rauni Pääkkönen, Mervi Alanne, Timo Lanki, Leena Moilanen, Ida Surakka, Arto Pietilä, et al. "Association of Variation in the Interleukin-1 Gene Family with Diabetes and Glucose Homeostasis." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 94, no. 11 (November 1, 2009): 4575–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2009-0666.
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Objective: Proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β is capable of decreasing insulin-induced glucose transport. Therefore, we hypothesized that genetic variation in the IL-1 gene family is associated with measures of glucose homeostasis and diabetes. Design and Outcome Measures: Fifteen haplotype-tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-1 receptor antagonist genes were determined in a Finnish population survey (n = 6771). Glucose and insulin concentrations were measured, and indices of insulin resistance and β-cell function were calculated using the homeostasis model assessment. Two-hour oral glucose tolerance tests were carried out on a subsample of 1390 participants. Associations with prevalent diabetes were tested for replication in a sample of European myocardial infarction survivors (n = 972). Results: The minor allele of the IL-1β rs1143634(G→A) was associated with higher blood glucose than the major allele: 5.37, 5.41, and 5.48 mmol/liter for the GG, AG, and AA genotypes, respectively (multivariate adjusted P for trend <0.0001; Bonferroni corrected P = 0.00096). The 2-h glucose was also higher (6.45 and 7.20 mmol/liter for the GG vs. AA; P = 0.003, Bonferroni corrected P = 0.045). The haplotype ACG of rs1143634, rs3917356, and rs16944 associated with higher glucose, higher homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance index, higher 2-h insulin, and prevalent diabetes (adjusted rate ratio = 1.54; 95% confidence interval = 1.03–2.30; P = 0.037). The association with prevalent diabetes was replicated among European myocardial infarction survivors (rate ratio = 2.09; 95% confidence interval = 1.17–3.76; P = 0.013). Conclusions: These results suggest that genetic variation in the IL-1 gene family is associated with measures of glucose homeostasis and prevalent diabetes. Genetic variation in the IL-1 gene family is associated with measures of glucose homeostasis and prevalent diabetes.
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Gravel, Annie, Isabelle Dubuc, Guillaume Morissette, Ruth H. Sedlak, Keith R. Jerome, and Louis Flamand. "Inherited chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus 6 as a predisposing risk factor for the development of angina pectoris." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 26 (June 15, 2015): 8058–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1502741112.
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Inherited chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus-6 (iciHHV-6) results in the germ-line transmission of the HHV-6 genome. Every somatic cell of iciHHV-6+ individuals contains the HHV-6 genome integrated in the telomere of chromosomes. Whether having iciHHV-6 predisposes humans to diseases remains undefined. DNA from 19,597 participants between 40 and 69 years of age were analyzed by quantitative PCR (qPCR) for the presence of iciHHV-6. Telomere lengths were determined by qPCR. Medical records, hematological, biochemical, and anthropometric measurements and telomere lengths were compared between iciHHV-6+ and iciHHV-6− subjects. The prevalence of iciHHV-6 was 0.58%. Two-way ANOVA with a Holm–Bonferroni correction was used to determine the effects of iciHHV6, sex, and their interaction on continuous outcomes. Two-way logistic regression with a Holm–Bonferroni correction was used to determine the effects of iciHHV6, sex, and their interaction on disease prevalence. Of 50 diseases monitored, a single one, angina pectoris, is significantly elevated (3.3×) in iciHHV-6+ individuals relative to iciHHV-6− subjects (P = 0.017; 95% CI, 1.73–6.35). When adjusted for potential confounding factors (age, body mass index, percent body fat, and systolic blood pressure), the prevalence of angina remained three times greater in iciHHV-6+ subjects (P = 0.015; 95%CI, 1.23–7.15). Analyses of telomere lengths between iciHHV-6− without angina, iciHHV-6− with angina, and iciHHV-6+ with angina indicate that iciHHV-6+ with angina have shorter telomeres than age-matched iciHHV-6− subjects (P = 0.006). Our study represents, to our knowledge, the first large-scale analysis of disease association with iciHHV-6. Our results are consistent with iciHHV-6 representing a risk factor for the development of angina.
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Siavashi, Elahe, Forozan Ivandar, Fatemeh Nafarieh, and Ehsan Zareian. "Effect of Different Body Composition on Insulin Resistance, Lipid Profile and Motor Skills in Children." Jundishapur Journal of Medical Sciences 20, no. 6 (January 21, 2022): 602–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/jsmj.20.6.2428.
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Background and Objectives Obesity is one of the factors associated with metabolic syndrome. The aim of the present study was to compare gross and fine motor skills, insulin resistance and lipid profile in normal, overweight and obese children. Methods In the present study, 120 male and female students were randomly selected by cluster sampling and after final selection, they were divided into three groups of 40 people with normal weight, overweight and obese. The three groups were matched according to their year of birth and body mass index. In order the Bruininks-Oseretsky short form test was used to calculate the motor proficiency score. Biochemical variables were measured while fasting. Statistical analysis, factor analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test were used at a significance level of P≤0.05. Results The results showed that significant decreases in gross and fine motor skills with increasing body mass index (P<0.001). Insulin resistance was significantly higher in obese and overweight groups than normal weight groups (P<0.001). Triglyceride levels were significantly higher in the obese group than the normal weight group (P=0.013). Conclusion According to the results, it can be said that in addition to reducing children's motor skills, increasing body weight causes parameters related to metabolic syndrome in children
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Lopes, Maria Carolina Barbosa Teixeira, Julieth Santana Silva Lage, Cássia Regina Vancini-Campanharo, Meiry Fernanda Pinto Okuno, and Ruth Ester Assayag Batista. "Factors associated with functional impairment of elderly patients in the emergency departments." Einstein (São Paulo) 13, no. 2 (June 2015): 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-45082015ao3327.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the functional capacity of elderly patients in the emergency department as to Basic and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 200 elderly patients admitted to the emergency department of a teaching hospital in São Paulo (SP), Brazil. The functional capacity of the elderly was assessed by the Katz index and Lawton & Brody scale. Statistical analyses were performed using analysis of variance, Bonferroni correction, χ2 test, or the likelihood ratio test. Results: Most seniors were independent (65%), and the degree of dependence was related to age, female gender, being single and widowed, and presence of cerebrovascular disease and dementia. The more dependent elderly for Instrumental Activities of Daily Living had increased dependence for Basic Activities. Conclusion: We emphasize the importance of assessing the functional capacity of the elderly in the emergency department as it provides data for the nursing care in order to minimize or to avoid their functional impairment.
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Yang, Lifeng, Zhongwei Cheng, Baojie Zhang, and Fengyun Ma. "Electric Vehicle Charging Station Location Decision Analysis for a Two-Stage Optimization Model Based on Shapley Function." Journal of Mathematics 2021 (July 31, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5098378.
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The promotion of electric vehicles and their charging facilities to achieve carbon emission reduction is a research hotspot in the field of transportation. Aiming at the comprehensive decision of electric vehicle charging station (EVCS) location, this paper constructs an EVCS location evaluation index system that includes five indexes of grid load, traffic facilities, user preference, construction cost, and service radius. Firstly, we convert the exact number into interval judgment matrix, introduce Shapley fuzzy measure to calculate the weight of factors, and use the two-stage optimization model to further optimize the weight. Then, we combine the multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) method in the Pythagorean fuzzy environment with partitioned normalized weighted Bonferroni mean (PFPNWBM) operator, and calculate the optimal ranking of alternatives according to the performance function and the accuracy function. Finally, a numerical example is used to analyze the difference between first-order linear optimization and two-stage optimization in alternative scheme evaluation, and the practical value of using model to evaluate EVCS location is verified.
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Bishop, Alex J., and Kevin Randall. "ALLEVIATING LONELINESS AT 100: IS RELIGION A SOLUTION?" Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.149.
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Abstract Data from N = 154 centenarians residing in Oklahoma were assessed using the Duke University Religious Index (DUREL). Items assessing religious salience (α=.76) were employed to create a binary measure of high (N=56 or 36.4%; M= 29.77, SD=4.65) and low (N=49 or 31.8%; M=25.10, SD=6.58) religious salience (RS). A series of ANCOVA analyses were then conducted controlling for education, race, self-reported health, and self-care capacity relative to the binary outcome RS. Significant differences for both the corrected model and the pairwise comparisons using Bonferroni adjustment emerged in favor (p ≤.001) of the high RS group (M HI =29.60; M LO=25.29) for life satisfaction and social provisions (M HI =82.43; M LO=76.62). However, the RS group was also significantly higher (p =.004) in reported loneliness (M HI =34.56; M LO=31.63). Implications of the findings for reducing loneliness among centenarians reporting high religious engagement are further highlighted.