Dissertations / Theses: 'Bones Histology'

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Bogoevski, Kristofor. "A comprehensive evaluation of a rapid decalcification method for bones: A histological analysis." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/95917/1/Kristofor_Bogoevski_Thesis.pdf.

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This project's goal was to quicken the time of a bone processing method called histology for both research and clinical investigations. The following thesis examined various acid solutions at different temperatures in order to achieve faster results without compromising the quality of the analysed tissues of various species. Outcome measures such as radiological and microscopic evaluations demonstrated that equivalent results can be obtained by using rapid bone processing techniques compared to the gold standard method of EDTA.

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Coraça, Debora Cristina. "Estudo experimental de implantes bioabsorviveis de poli(L-acido latico) / poli(oxido de etileno) associados ao cloridrato de vancomicina no reparo osseo." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/313584.

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Orientador: Eliane Maria Ingrid Amstalden
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T03:49:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Coraca_DeboraCristina_D.pdf: 21833278 bytes, checksum: d8fc3a57a4797f0daf7a2fca22979509 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006
Resumo: A necessidade da utilização de enxertos naturais e/ou materiais sintéticos para auxiliar no reparo ósseo é diretamente proporcional a perda tecidual nas lesões. A administração de substâncias antibióticas é necessária para prevenir, ou mesmo combater a ação de agentes bacterianos que possam vir a retardar o reparo tecidual. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a aplicação de um polímero bioabsorvível associado à uma droga antobiótica na regenereção óssea. Foram realizados implantes ósseos de microesferas da blenda de poli(L-ácido lático)PLLA/poli(óxido de etileno)PEO na composição 80:20 associadas ao cloridrato de vancomicina e não associados ao cloridrato de vancomicina em ratos. Os implantes foram colocados em cavidades de 3 mm de diâmetro realizadas em tíbias de ratos da linhagem Wistar. Grupos com 5 animais cada. foram submetidos a períodos experimentais de 2 e 4 dias e 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 e 32 semanas. Os achados morfológicos foram semelhantes em ambos grupos. Houve primeiramente a formação de malha de fibrina e hemorragia ao redor das microesferas, as quais foram gradualmente sendo substituídas por tecido de granulação. A partir do quarto dia, houve a formação inicial de matriz óssea envolvendo as microesferas centripetamente, tornando-se mais evidente e madura da primeira até a trigésima segunda semana de implantação. A comparação entre os achados histomorfométricos e semí-quantitativos, quanto à formação óssea, demonstraram não ter havido diferença significativa entre os dois grupos. Reações de rejeição tecidual não foram observadas. Pode-se concluir, portanto, que além da evidente osteointegração das microesferas de PLLA/PEO, a associação com o cloridrato de vancomicina não prejudicou a regeneração óssea podendo ser este material utilizado como enxerto, bem como ser útil na prevenção de infecções bacterianas
Abstract: The use of natural graft and synthetic materials to help bone regeneration is directly relative to cause of bone injury and bone requirement to compose a graft. The antibiotics drugs management is necessary to prevent and combat bacterial agents that could retard the tissue repair The aim of this study was to evaluate the bioabsorbable polymeric implants antibiotic associated behavior during the bone healing. Poly(L-lactic acid)PLLA/poly(ethylene oxide)PEO microspheres blends 80:20 vancomicyn associated bone implants, was compared with PLLA/PEO blend without vancomycin. The implants were inserted in a 3 mm proximal tibiae defect in adult Wistar rats. Periods from 2 and 4 days and 1. 2, 4, 8 16 and 32 weeks were evaluated in 5 animals per group. The histological findings were similar among groups. A fibrin net and hemorrhage were observed primarily around the microspheres and both were progressively replaced by granulation tissue. In four-day implant, the initial bone formation around microspheres was noted. The growth of bone tissue was initially characterized by wolven bone with progressive maturation to lamellar bone, centripetally to microspheres group. The quantity of new bone growth, measured by histomorphometric method and semi-quantitative analysis showed no differences between groups in each experimental interval. Therefore we conclude that mixing vancomycin chloridrate into PLLA/PEO microspheres did not affect the bone regeneration. Besides, the PLLA/PEO vancomycin associated microspheres allowed the osteointegration. For those reasons, the material could be used as bone graft, helping the bone repair In addiction, the associating with antibiotic drugs could be useful to prevent infections during bone healing
Doutorado
Ciencias Biomedicas
Doutor em Ciências Médicas

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Nor, Faridah M. "A comparative microscopic study of human and non-human long bone histology." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4463.

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Identification of human or nonhuman skeletal remains is important in assisting the police and law enforcement officers for the investigation of forensic cases. Identification of bone can be difficult, especially in fragmented remains. It has been reported that 25 to 30% of medicolegal cases, which involved nonhuman skeletal remains have been mistaken for human. In such cases, histomorphometric method was used to identify human and nonhuman skeletal remains. However, literature has shown that histomorphometric data for human and nonhuman bone were insufficient. Additionally, age estimation in bone may help in the identification of human individual, which can be done by using a histomorphometric method. Age estimation is based on bone remodeling process, where microstructural parameters have strong correlations with age. Literature showed that age estimation has been done on the American and European populations. However, little work has been done in the Asian population. The aims of this project were thus, to identify human and nonhuman bone, and to estimate age in human bones by using histomorphometric analysis. In this project, 64 human bones and 65 animal bones were collected from the mortuary of the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre and the Zoos in Malaysia, respectively. A standard bone preparation was used to prepare human and nonhuman bone thin sections for histomorphometric assessment. Assessments were made on the microstructural parameters such as cortical thickness, medullary cavity diameter, osteon count, osteon diameter, osteon area, osteon perimeter, Haversian canal diameter, Haversian canal area, Haversian canal perimeter, and Haversian lamella count per osteon by using image analysis, and viewed under a transmitted light microscope. The microstructural measurements showed significant differences between human and nonhuman samples. The discriminant functions showed correct classification rates for 81.4% of cases, and the accuracy of identification was 96.9% for human and 66.2% for animal. Human age estimation showed a standard error of estimate of 10.41 years, comparable with those in the literature. This study project offers distinct advantages over currently available histomorphometric methods for human and nonhuman identification and human age estimation. This will have significant implications in the assessment of fragmentary skeletal and forensic population samples for identification purposes.

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Nor, Faridah Mohd. "A comparative microscopic study of human and non-human long bone histology." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4463.

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Identification of human or nonhuman skeletal remains is important in assisting the police and law enforcement officers for the investigation of forensic cases. Identification of bone can be difficult, especially in fragmented remains. It has been reported that 25 to 30% of medicolegal cases, which involved nonhuman skeletal remains have been mistaken for human. In such cases, histomorphometric method was used to identify human and nonhuman skeletal remains. However, literature has shown that histomorphometric data for human and nonhuman bone were insufficient. Additionally, age estimation in bone may help in the identification of human individual, which can be done by using a histomorphometric method. Age estimation is based on bone remodeling process, where microstructural parameters have strong correlations with age. Literature showed that age estimation has been done on the American and European populations. However, little work has been done in the Asian population. The aims of this project were thus, to identify human and nonhuman bone, and to estimate age in human bones by using histomorphometric analysis. In this project, 64 human bones and 65 animal bones were collected from the mortuary of the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre and the Zoos in Malaysia, respectively. A standard bone preparation was used to prepare human and nonhuman bone thin sections for histomorphometric assessment. Assessments were made on the microstructural parameters such as cortical thickness, medullary cavity diameter, osteon count, osteon diameter, osteon area, osteon perimeter, Haversian canal diameter, Haversian canal area, Haversian canal perimeter, and Haversian lamella count per osteon by using image analysis, and viewed under a transmitted light microscope. The microstructural measurements showed significant differences between human and nonhuman samples. The discriminant functions showed correct classification rates for 81.4% of cases, and the accuracy of identification was 96.9% for human and 66.2% for animal. Human age estimation showed a standard error of estimate of 10.41 years, comparable with those in the literature. This study project offers distinct advantages over currently available histomorphometric methods for human and nonhuman identification and human age estimation. This will have significant implications in the assessment of fragmentary skeletal and forensic population samples for identification purposes.

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Nacarino, Meneses Carmen. "Life history inferences in extant and extinct Equus from the histological analysis of bone and enamel tissues." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/664248.

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El estudio de life histories proporciona información sobre la biología y ecología de las especies, incluyendo las condiciones ecológicas de su ecosistema, su biodiversidad, su demografía y su vulnerabilidad. La life history de vertebrados actuales y extintos puede ser reconstruida a partir de la microestructura ósea y dental. Sin embargo, el estudio de mamíferos clave en paleontología y ecología, como los équidos, es aún escaso. La presente tesis doctoral tiene como objetivo analizar la histología ósea y dental de Equus actuales y extintos para inferir sus características biológicas y de life history más importantes. La muestra actual se compone de huesos y dientes de asno salvaje asiático, cebra común y cebra de Grevy. Su estudio ha proporcionado un marco sólido para el análisis de Equus fósiles, limitado en esta tesis a especies del Pleistoceno Medio y Superior. Los resultados obtenidos de histología ósea en équidos actuales muestran que el tipo de tejido varía a lo largo de la ontogenia, registrando el crecimiento del individuo. Los cambios de tejido óseo también se han relacionado con ciertas características de life history. Así, el cambio de hueso fibrolamellar a lamellar (external fundamental system) en fémures de équidos se ha visto asociado a la madurez reproductiva. Eventos clave del ciclo vital, como el nacimiento, quedan igualmente registrados en el tejido óseo de los équidos. Por primera vez en mamíferos, esta tesis doctoral describe una marca de crecimiento no cíclica en huesos apendiculares, cuya deposición está relacionada con una reducción/parada del crecimiento en los potros durante el nacimiento (línea neonatal). Este descubrimiento es de gran importancia para la reconstrucción histológica de life histories en mamíferos actuales y extintos. El estudio esqueletocronológico en Equus actuales ha revelado, además, que el fémur es el mejor hueso para obtener datos de life history y que las curvas de crecimiento reflejan la madurez esquelética. Por otro lado, el contaje de marcas diarias en el esmalte de équidos actuales ha proporcionado nuevas tasas de secreción que invalidan estudios incorrectos previos. El estudio del esmalte dental realizado en primeros molares inferiores de Equus indica, además, que el desarrollo de este diente consta de tres fases. Cada una de ellas presenta un patrón y una tasa de crecimiento específica, y está relacionada con modificaciones ontogenéticas y estructurales del diente. Asimismo, el análisis histológico muestra que el esmalte se extiende más allá del cérvix, dificultando la toma de medidas de la altura de la corona a partir de la apariencia externa del diente. Los resultados obtenidos indican, también, que el desgaste del primer molar es mucho más pronunciado en etapas tempranas de la ontogenia, y que la corona de este diente tarda en formarse el doble de tiempo en el asno asiático que en las cebras africanas debido, probablemente, a diferencias en hábitat y longevidad entre especies. Además, se ha analizado la histología ósea de las especies del Pleistoceno Medio E. steinheimensis y E. mosbachensis y el esmalte dental de las del Pleistoceno Superior E. ferus y E. hydruntinus, en un primer intento por reconstruir la life history de Equus fósiles. Esto, a su vez, ha permitido analizar los cambios evolutivos de tamaño corporal descritos en Equus durante el Pleistoceno europeo bajo una perspectiva de life history. Los resultados preliminares obtenidos en esta tesis indican que los équidos más grandes del Pleistoceno Medio crecían a tasas más elevadas que las especies del Pleistoceno Superior y actuales, más pequeñas. Este resultado se corresponde con reconstrucciones paleoambientales y con modelos teóricos de life history que proponen la disponibilidad de recursos como una de las presiones de selección más importantes en la determinación del tamaño corporal.
The study of life histories provides valuable insights into many aspects of a species’ biology and ecology, including the ecological conditions of its ecosystem, its biodiversity, its demography and its vulnerability to extinction. Life histories of extant and extinct vertebrates can be reconstructed from bone and dental microstructure. However, histological research in key mammalian groups for paleontology and ecology, such as equids, is still little explored. The present PhD thesis aims to analyze bone and dental histology in extant and extinct Equus to obtain information about their most important life history and biological traits. The extant sample of the present dissertation comprises bones and teeth of Asiatic wild ass, plains zebra and Grevy’s zebra. Their detailed histological study has provided a solid framework for the subsequent analysis of fossil Equus species, which has been limited here to Middle and Late Pleistocene taxa. Results obtained from bone histology in living equids show that bone tissue types vary through ontogeny, recording individual growth. This dissertation also indicates that changes in bone tissue types are related to certain life history characteristics. Thus, for instance, results of this thesis reveal that the transition from fibrolamellar to lamellar bone (i.e. external fundamental system) in equid femora is associated with the onset of reproductive maturity. Key life history events, such as the moment of birth, are also registered in the bone tissue of equids. For the first time in mammals, the present dissertation describes a non-cyclical bone growth mark in the limb bones of equids whose timing of deposition agrees with a period of growth arrest/decline during birth in foals (neonatal line). This discovery is of high importance for the histological reconstruction of life histories in extant and extinct mammals. Bone skeletochronology in extant Equus further reveals that the femur is the best bone to obtain life history data in equids, and that bone growth curves yield information about skeletal maturity. On the other hand, the counting of incremental markings of daily periodicity in equid enamel yields new estimates of daily secretion rates for these mammals that invalidate previous inaccurate studies. The detailed study of dental enamel in first lower molars of extant Equus also shows that the development of this tooth involves three different stages. Each of them presents a specific rate and pattern of growth, and is related to ontogenetic and structural modifications of the tooth. The histological analysis performed here further indicates that enamel extends beyond the molar’s cervix in equids, hampering measurements of the crown height from the external appearance of the tooth. Results of this thesis also reveals that the time of first lower molar crown formation in the Asiatic wild ass doubles that of the African zebras, probably due to differences in habitat and longevity among these species. Dental histology further yields information about rates of wear in equids, indicating much higher wear rates for the first lower molar early in ontogeny than commonly thought. In a first attempt to reconstruct the life history of extinct Equus, bone histology was analyzed in the Middle Pleistocene species E. steinheimensis and E. mosbachensis and dental enamel was studied in the Late Pleistocene taxa E. ferus and E. hydruntinus. The preliminary findings obtained from these investigations allowed the first analysis of the body size trend towards dwarfing in European Pleistocene Equus under a life history perspective. First results indicate that larger Middle Pleistocene equids grew at higher rates than smaller Late Pleistocene and extant species. This finding agrees with published paleoenvironmental reconstructions and conforms to life history models that propose resource availability as one of the main selection pressures influencing adult body size.

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Souza, Caio Gonçalves de. "Análise histomorfométrica do colo femoral em pacientes com e sem fratura do colo do fêmur." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5140/tde-24012008-142245/.

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Foi analisada a parte trabecular do colo do fêmur de 13 pacientes do sexo feminino, com idade acima dos 60 anos, com o método da histomorfometria óssea. Sete destas pacientes tiveram fratura do colo do fêmur. Todas foram submetidas a artroplastia do quadril. O exame de densitometria óssea não mostrou diferença significativa. Na espessura média das trabéculas não houve diferença significativa, porém o número de trabéculas foi menor e a separação entre elas foi maior no grupo com fraturas.
A histomorphometry evaluation of the trabecular part of the femoral neck was performed in 13 women over 60 years old submitted to hip arthroplasty. Seven of these patients had a femoral neck fracture. The bone mineral density showed no difference between both groups. The average thickness did not have significant between both groups, but the trabecular separation was higher and the number of trabecular bone was lower in the fracture group.

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Pacheco, Andrielle de Bitencourt. "AVALIAÇÃO ANTROPOSCÓPICA E CEFALOMÉTRICA DO PERFIL E DA TENDÊNCIA FACIAL E SUA RELAÇÃO COM AS FUNÇÕES ESTOMATOGNÁTICAS." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2013. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/6547.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Introduction: the profile and the facial tendency constitute the variation of bone and muscle structures of the individual, and may influence directly in the chewing, swallowing and breathing functions. Thus, the evaluation of these aspects is essential for Orofacial clinical work. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between the cephalometric and anthrophoscopic evaluation on the classification of profile and facial tendency, as well as to evaluate the association of these skeletal features with the functions of the stomatognathic system. Method: the sample consisted of 35 childrens, aged between six and twelve years, undergoing anthroposcopic evaluation with photographic documentation, with cephalometric and otorhinolaryngology evaluation. To verify the agreement between cephalometric and anthroposcopic evaluation was used the Kappa test. The association between profile and the facial tendency with the stomatognathic changes was analyzed using the Qui-square and Fisher Exact Test. Was adopted a significance level of p <0.05 for all tests. Results: the concordance among the judges in the classification of profile and the facial tendency was moderate. The concordance between the cephalometric and anthroposcopic evaluation as to profile was not possible as to analyze and the tendency was weak. Was observed good concordance between judges for the chewing variables and weak concordance for the swallowing variables. Was not found significant association between stomatognathic function and no association was found between stomatognathic functions with the facial profile and tendency. Conclusion: concludes that assessments and cephalometric antroposcópica differ and that changes stomatognathic not depend only on a few isolated variables.
Introdução: o perfil e a tendência facial constituem a variação de estruturas ósseas e musculares do indivíduo podendo influenciar diretamente nas funções de mastigação, deglutição e respiração. Por essa razão, a avaliação destes aspectos é essencial para a atuação clínica em motricidade orofacial. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a concordância entre a avaliação antroposcópica e cefalométrica quanto à classificação do perfil e da tendência facial, bem como, analisar a associação dessas características esqueléticas com as funções do sistema estomatognático. Metodologia: a amostra foi constituída por 35 crianças, com idades entre seis e doze anos, submetidas à avaliação antroposcópica com documentação fotográfica, avaliação cefalométrica e otorrinolaringológica. Para verificar a concordância entre as avaliações antroposcópica e cefalométrica utilizou-se o teste Kappa. A associação entre perfil e tendência facial com as alterações estomatognáticas foi analisada através dos testes Qui-Quadrado e Teste Exato de Fischer. Adotou-se nível de significância p<0,05 para todos os testes. Resultados: a concordância entre as juízas na classificação do perfil e da tendência facial foi moderada. A concordância entre as avaliações antroposcópica e cefalométrica quanto ao perfil não foi possível analisar e, quanto à tendência, foi fraca. Observou-se boa concordância entre juízas para as variáveis da mastigação e concordância fraca para as da deglutição e não foi encontrada associação entre funções estomatognáticas com o perfil e a tendência facial. Conclusão: conclui-se que as avaliações antroposcópica e cefalométrica diferem em relação ao perfil e à tendência facial e que as alterações estomatognáticas não dependem apenas das variáveis analisadas.

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Miszkiewicz, Justyna J. "Ancient human bone histology and behaviour." Thesis, University of Kent, 2014. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/38319/.

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Smith, Caitlin Caryl Danielle. "Giraffa camelopardalis: limb bone histology through ontogeny." Master's thesis, Faculty of Science, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32351.

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Although there are many studies on mammalian bone histology, there are only a few that have examined the bone histology of artiodactyls, or focused specifically on osteohistological changes during ontogeny. The current study investigates the microanatomy and histology of giraffe limb bones through ontogeny. Mid-diaphyseal sections of humeri, radii, metacarpals, femora, and tibiae of 14 individuals representing individuals of known sex, as well as at different ontogenetic stages (foetal, juveniles, subadults, and adults). Thin sections were prepared for all the bones, and microanatomical (using Bone Profiler) and histological analyses were conducted on each of the sections. The study examined three main aspects, 1) Crosssectional shape changes in limb bones through ontogeny, 2) Histological changes through ontogeny in each of the limb bones, and 3) Histovariability among skeletons. The results of the study show that the foetus and juvenile individuals have round cross-sections, with small vacant medullary cavities, while cross sections of older individuals tend to be oval with variable amounts of cancellous bone surrounding the medullary cavity. The highest bone compactness values were obtained for the humerus and femur of the foetus, whereas the radius, metacarpal, and tibia bone compactness values are similar across the age classes. In terms of histology, this study found that the earlier ontogenetic stages had highly vascularised fibrolamellar bone in their cortices, which contrasts with that of the subadults and adults where more slowly deposited bone tissue occurs. These observations indicate that after rapid initial growth during early ontogeny, osteogenesis (and overall growth) slows down. This research also documents the fusion of the metacarpal III and IV, and the associated changes that occur in the histology. The study also highlights that the tibia is the only bone that has long radial vascular canals in the cortex. Overall the results of this study have provided a much better understanding of the bone histology of giraffes during ontogeny and has therefore filled an important gap in our knowledge of mammalian bone tissues. Furthermore, this study has direct implications for any future palaeohistological studies of fossil giraffids from Langebaanweg in South Africa.

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Romero, Rodney Gray. "The histology of bone and its piezoelectric characteristics." Thesis, Kingston University, 1986. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20508/.

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An investigation into the effects of micro electric currents on the material of bone is presented along with a review of the ideas and concepts associated with bone’s response to load and the alleged piezoelectric phenomena. A comparison is made between the structure of bone, its strength and stress generated potential. Evidence is forwarded to show that micro currents may influence the behaviour of bone material and it is demonstrated that these effects may be understood through reference to the limiting molar conductivities of the ions in the material and the solutions used.

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Song, Tzu-Hsi. "Algorithms for the analysis of bone marrow cancer histology images." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2017. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/101575/.

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Automated computer-aided systems and approaches are widely required to investigate and analyze histology images for improving the accuracy of cancer diagnosis and effective treatment decision making. Quantitative analysis has immense potential to investigate and analyze the tissue and cellular characteristics of histology images in cancer research. It is based on accurate cellular, morphological, and tissue features. Automated approaches not only make the feature extraction and analysis more objective and more reproducible, but they can also help pathologists look for useful potential clues from a vast amount of hidden information in cancer tissues, whose clinical value may not be fully realized and visualized. This entails the automated computer algorithms with a key role of quantitative analysis of histology images for different cancers. In this thesis, I concentrate on bone marrow cancers and develop automated computer algorithms to extract and realize cellular and texture characteristics of bone marrow biopsies for efficiently characterizing different types of bone marrow cancers in further investigation and analysis. We focus on the development of automated algorithms for identifying various types of cells in bone marrow trephine biopsies, which are tiny cores of bone marrow tissues. All the algorithms are specifically designed for histological sections stained by a standard hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain. Firstly, we propose an automated framework with a novel segmentation model for delineating and segmenting megakaryocytes. Secondly, we create a novel deep learning network that processes the nuclear detection with irregular shape for various types of bone marrow stem cells. Then we construct another synchronized deep learning approach to simultaneously do detection and classification. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the network of detection and classification at same time and the training time consumed in this synchronized network.

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Schorr, Fabíola. "Colapsabilidade da faringe durante o sono induzido: comparação entre descendentes de Japoneses e indivíduos Brancos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5150/tde-06082015-143937/.

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Introdução: A patogênese da apneia obstrutiva do sono (AOS) é complexa e pode variar de acordo com a etnia. O componente anatômico que predispõe à AOS é resultado da interação entre a estrutura óssea e partes moles da via aérea superior (VAS), e pode ser acessado através da pressão crítica de fechamento da faringe (Pcrit). Hipotetizamos que os descendentes de Japoneses e Caucasianos apresentam diferentes preditores para a colapsabilidade da VAS, sugerindo diferentes vias que levam ao desenvolvimento da AOS nestes dois grupos étnicos. Métodos: Homens descendentes de Japoneses (n=39) e Caucasianos (n=39), pareados para idade e gravidade da AOS, foram avaliados através de polissonografia (PSG), Pcrit e tomografia computadorizada (TC) da VAS e abdome para estudo da anatomia da via aérea e gordura abdominal, respectivamente. Resultados: Pcrit foi similar entre descendentes de Japoneses e Caucasianos (-1.0 ± 3.3 vs -0.4 ± 3.1 cmH20). Descendentes de Japoneses apresentaram menores dimensões ósseas craniofaciais (comprimento da base do crânio, maxila e mandíbula), enquanto que os Caucasianos apresentaram maior tamanho das partes moles da VAS (comprimento e volume da língua) e maior desbalanço entre o volume da língua e da mandíbula (razão entre o volume da língua e o volume da mandíbula). O ângulo da base do crânio apresentou associação com a Pcrit somente entre os descendentes de Japoneses (r=-0.535, p < 0.01). A razão volume da língua/volume mandibular se associou com a Pcrit somente nos Caucasianos (r=0.460, p < 0.01). Variáveis relacionadas à obesidade (IMC, circunferências cervical e abdominal, gordura visceral) mostraram correlação semelhante com a Pcrit em ambos os grupos. Conclusões: Descendentes de Japoneses e Caucasianos apresentam diferentes preditores da colapsabilidade da VAS. Enquanto a restrição óssea craniofacial foi determinante para a Pcrit somente entre os descendentes de Japoneses, o desbalanço anatômico entre o volume da língua e da mandíbula foi importante para a Pcrit nos Caucasianos. Estes achados podem ter implicações terapêuticas no tocante à melhora da predisposição anatômica para a AOS entre as etnias
Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) pathogenesis is complex and may vary according to ethnicity. The anatomical component predisposing to OSA is the result of the interaction between bony structure and upper airway soft tissues and can be assessed using passive critical closing pressure (Pcrit). We hypothesized that Japanese-Brazilians and Caucasians present different predictors to upper airway collapsibility, suggesting different causal pathways to develop OSA in these two groups. Methods: Male Japanese-Brazilians (n=39) and Caucasians (n=39) well matched for age and OSA severity were evaluated by full polysomnography, Pcrit and upper airway plus abdomen CT scans for determination of upper airway anatomy and abdominal fat, respectively. Results: Pcrit was similar between Japanese-Brazilians and Caucasians (-1.0 ± 3.3 vs -0.4 ± 3.1 cmH20). Japanese-Brazilians presented smaller upper airway bony dimensions (cranial base, maxillary and mandibular length) while Caucasians presented larger upper airway soft tissue (tongue length and volume) and greater imbalance between tongue and mandible (tongue/mandibular volume ratio). Cranial base angle was associated with Pcrit only among Japanese-Brazilians (r=-0.535, p < 0.01). Tongue/mandibular volume ratio was associated with Pcrit only among Caucasians (r=0.460, p < 0.01). Obesity-related variables (visceral fat, BMI, neck and waist circumferences) showed similar correlation with Pcrit in Japanese-Brazilians and Caucasians. Conclusions: Japanese-Brazilians and Caucasians present different predictors of upper airway collapsibility. While craniofacial bony restriction was determinant to Pcrit only in the Japanese-Brazilians, anatomical imbalance between tongue and mandible volume was important to Pcrit among Caucasians. These findings may have therapeutic implications regarding how to improve anatomical predisposition to OSA across ethnicities

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Ribeiro, Fernando Salimon [UNESP]. "Utilização de enxerto de tecido conjuntivo no tratamento de lesões periodontais infra-ósseas proximais: avaliação clínica, radiográfica e histomorfométrica." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104752.

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Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a eficácia do uso de enxerto de tecido conjuntivo comparativamente a regeneração tecidual guiada, no tratamento de defeitos infra-ósseos. Para tanto, foram realizados dois estudos. No Estudo 1, defeitos infra-ósseos bilaterais foram criados na mesial dos caninos superiores de cinco cães, que após o período de cronificação (seis semanas), foram raspados e alisados. Duas semanas depois, as lesões foram aleatoriamente tratadas com enxerto de tecido conjuntivo (grupo ETC) ou membrana reabsorvível (grupo RTG). Dados clínicos foram colhidos previamente à cirurgia e 12 semanas após. Neste último período, os animais foram mortos, e procedeu-se à confecção das lâminas histológicas. Na análise dos resultados não foram detectadas diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os grupos, porém, em ambos os grupos contatou-se redução da profundidade de sondagem (p=0,032). A análise histológica revelou menor extensão de novo cemento (p=0,001), de novo osso (p=0,003), e da extensão total de tecido conjuntivo (p=0,013) no grupo ETC em comparação com o RTG. Para o Estudo 2 foram selecionados 12 pacientes com defeitos infra-ósseos bilaterais, de duas ou três paredes, que após tratamento básico periodontal foram indicados para terapia cirúrgica no modelo de boca-dividida. Aleatoriamente, os defeitos periodontais foram designados a fazer parte do grupo ETC ou RTG. Avaliações clínicas e tomadas radiográficas foram realizadas previamente à cirurgia, seis e 12 meses pós-operatórios. Diferenças estatisticamente significantes não foram detectadas entre os grupos, porém, em ambos observou-se redução da PS (p=0,000), e aumento de recessão (p=0,002). Apenas o grupo RTG apresentou ganho de inserção (p=0,004).
This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of connective tissue graft comparatively to the guided tissue regeneration, in the treatment of infrabony defects. Hence, two studies were developed. In Study 1, bilateral infrabony defects were created in the mesial aspect of the superior canines of five dogs. After six weeks of chronification, the defects were scaled and planned. Two weeks after, the lesions were randomly treated with connective tissue graft (CTG group) or with reabsorbable membrane (GTR group). Clinical data were recorded previously and 12 weeks after surgery. In this last period, the animals were killed, and histological slides were prepared. Clinical analysis did not reveal statistically significant differences between groups, however, both groups presented reduction of the probing depth (PD) (p=0.032). Histological analysis revealed lower extension of new cement (p=0.001), new bone (p=0.003), and total connective tissue (p=0.013) in CTG group when compared to GTR groups. In Study 2, 12 patients were selected with bilateral infrabony defects, with two or three walls, which after basic periodontal treatment were referred to surgical therapy as a split-mouth design. Randomly, the defects were designed to be part of the CTG or GTR group. Clinical analysis and radiographies were performed previously, six and 12 weeks post-surgery. Statistically significant differences were not detected between groups, but both groups presented reduction of PD (p=0.000), and increase of recession (p=0.002). Gain of attachment occurred only in GTR group (p=0.004). Within the limits of the present study, it can be concluded that connective tissue graft was not efficient in the treatment of infrabony lesions with two and three walls.

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Ribeiro, Fernando Salimon. "Utilização de enxerto de tecido conjuntivo no tratamento de lesões periodontais infra-ósseas proximais : avaliação clínica, radiográfica e histomorfométrica /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104752.

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Orientador: Elcio Marcantonio Junior
Banca: Raphael Carlos Comelli Lia
Banca: Marcio Fernando de Moraes Grisi
Banca: Valdir Gouveia Garcia
Banca: Patricia Helena Rodrigues de Souza
Resumo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a eficácia do uso de enxerto de tecido conjuntivo comparativamente a regeneração tecidual guiada, no tratamento de defeitos infra-ósseos. Para tanto, foram realizados dois estudos. No Estudo 1, defeitos infra-ósseos bilaterais foram criados na mesial dos caninos superiores de cinco cães, que após o período de cronificação (seis semanas), foram raspados e alisados. Duas semanas depois, as lesões foram aleatoriamente tratadas com enxerto de tecido conjuntivo (grupo ETC) ou membrana reabsorvível (grupo RTG). Dados clínicos foram colhidos previamente à cirurgia e 12 semanas após. Neste último período, os animais foram mortos, e procedeu-se à confecção das lâminas histológicas. Na análise dos resultados não foram detectadas diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os grupos, porém, em ambos os grupos contatou-se redução da profundidade de sondagem (p=0,032). A análise histológica revelou menor extensão de novo cemento (p=0,001), de novo osso (p=0,003), e da extensão total de tecido conjuntivo (p=0,013) no grupo ETC em comparação com o RTG. Para o Estudo 2 foram selecionados 12 pacientes com defeitos infra-ósseos bilaterais, de duas ou três paredes, que após tratamento básico periodontal foram indicados para terapia cirúrgica no modelo de boca-dividida. Aleatoriamente, os defeitos periodontais foram designados a fazer parte do grupo ETC ou RTG. Avaliações clínicas e tomadas radiográficas foram realizadas previamente à cirurgia, seis e 12 meses pós-operatórios. Diferenças estatisticamente significantes não foram detectadas entre os grupos, porém, em ambos observou-se redução da PS (p=0,000), e aumento de recessão (p=0,002). Apenas o grupo RTG apresentou ganho de inserção (p=0,004).
Abstract: This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of connective tissue graft comparatively to the guided tissue regeneration, in the treatment of infrabony defects. Hence, two studies were developed. In Study 1, bilateral infrabony defects were created in the mesial aspect of the superior canines of five dogs. After six weeks of chronification, the defects were scaled and planned. Two weeks after, the lesions were randomly treated with connective tissue graft (CTG group) or with reabsorbable membrane (GTR group). Clinical data were recorded previously and 12 weeks after surgery. In this last period, the animals were killed, and histological slides were prepared. Clinical analysis did not reveal statistically significant differences between groups, however, both groups presented reduction of the probing depth (PD) (p=0.032). Histological analysis revealed lower extension of new cement (p=0.001), new bone (p=0.003), and total connective tissue (p=0.013) in CTG group when compared to GTR groups. In Study 2, 12 patients were selected with bilateral infrabony defects, with two or three walls, which after basic periodontal treatment were referred to surgical therapy as a split-mouth design. Randomly, the defects were designed to be part of the CTG or GTR group. Clinical analysis and radiographies were performed previously, six and 12 weeks post-surgery. Statistically significant differences were not detected between groups, but both groups presented reduction of PD (p=0.000), and increase of recession (p=0.002). Gain of attachment occurred only in GTR group (p=0.004). Within the limits of the present study, it can be concluded that connective tissue graft was not efficient in the treatment of infrabony lesions with two and three walls.
Doutor

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Sviland, Lisbet. "Histology and immunopathology of skin and rectum following bone marrow transplantation." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235533.

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Marín, Moratalla Miren Nekane. "Reconstructing life history traits from bone histology in extant and fossil ruminants." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/285623.

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El estudio de las life histories es de vital importancia porque proporciona evidencias sobre las condiciones ecológicas, biodiversidad, demografía, vulnerabilidad y otros muchos aspectos de la biología de las especies. La histología ósea es utilizada como herramienta para reconstruir las life histories de vertebrados, analizando el tejido óseo primario o contando el número de marcas de crecimiento (esqueletocronología). Sin embargo, se ha considerado que los endotermos, al contrario que en ectotermos, muestran un crecimiento óseo no cíclico, invalidando la histología ósea para inferir las life histories de mamíferos. El objetivo general de esta tesis es proporcionar las bases de la histología ósea en mamíferos para inferir estrategias de life history. Los objetivos concretos son: i) analizar la fiabilidad de la esqueletocronología ósea en mamíferos, ii) explorar la asociación entre las características del tejido óseo y el ambiente, fisiología, ontogenia y life history y, iii) reconstruir las características de life history en mamíferos fósiles y actuales para obtener datos sobre la evolución de las life histories y biología de la conservación. Se han analizado 274 láminas transversales de hueso de 225 individuos pertenecientes a lirones actuales (Gliridae) y rumiantes actuales y fósiles (Bovidae, Cervidae, Moschidae y Tragulidae). Se han llevado a cabo tanto análisis cualitativos como cuantitativos. Los análisis cualitativos el tejido óseo primario muestran que, en los estadios tempranos de la ontogenia, los rumiantes forman un tejido fibrolamellar (FLC), mientras que los lirones depositan generalmente un tejido parallel fibered bone (PFB). Cuando son adultos, tanto lirones como rumiantes depositan un hueso lamelar denso (External Fundamental System, EFS). Los resultados también muestran que los Lines of Arrested Growth (LAGs) están presentes de forma universal en los mamíferos analizados. Los LAGs están presentes tanto en el tejido de formación rápido (FLC) así como el tejido de formación lento (EFS). El número de líneas de crecimiento en el hueso concuerda con la edad de los animales, proporcionando la evidencia de la periodicidad anual de los LAGs en estos mamíferos. El fémur es el hueso más conservador para aplicar la esqueletocronología ya que registra el mayor número de LAGs. La remodelación y reabsorción ósea puede eliminar o enmascarar los primeros LAGs depositados durante la ontogenia. Esta investigación muestra que el crecimiento óseo se detiene durante el periodo adverso (pocos recursos), acoplado con la variación fisiológica estacional. Estos resultados apoyan que la parada de crecimiento forma parte de una estrategia termometabólica de conservación energética. Además, este trabajo muestra que las características vasculares y celulares del tejido óseo primario sufre una importante variación ontogenética asociada al descenso de la tasa de crecimiento al acercarse la madurez. La densidad vascular y celular decrece mientras que la proporción de canales longitudinales en relación a los circulares incrementa a lo largo de la ontogenia hasta alcanzar la madurez, lo cual podría estar relacionado con la madurez fisiológica. El cambio más significativo durante la ontogenia ocurre durante la transición entre el FLC o PFB a EFS, lo cual está relacionado con la madurez reproductiva. Este trabajo evidencia que esta transición registra el trade-off entre crecimiento y reproducción en rumiantes. De acuerdo con estos hallazgos, la edad de madurez reproductiva puede determinarse contando el número de ciclos de crecimiento antes del EFS. Los resultados comparando las características histológicas cuantitativas entre bóvidos sugiere que los parámetros vasculares y celulares están relacionados con la masa corporal y el metabolismo. De esta forma, el hueso FLC de grandes bóvidos tiende a mostrar más canales circulares (lo cual estaría reflejando mayores tasas de deposición de hueso perióstico) y menores densidades celulares (lo cual estaría reflejando una menor tasa metabólica específica de masa) que los pequeños.
Bone histology is a widely used tool to reconstruct vertebrate life histories, either by analysing primary bone tissue or by counting the number of growth marks (skeletochronology). However, it has long been considered that endotherms, unlike ectotherms, display a continuous or noncyclical bone growth, disabling bone histology for life history inferences in mammals. The general purpose of the research presented in this PhD Thesis is to challenge this statement, contributing to the foundations of mammalian bone histology as a tool for inferences on life history strategies. A sample of 274 bone cross-sections from 225 individuals belonging to extant dormice (Gliridae) and extant and fossil ruminants (Bovidae, Cervidae, Moschidae and Tragulidae) have been analysed under polarized and transmitted light microscopy. The results show that Lines of Arrested Growth (LAGs) are universally present in both mammalian groups analysed in this work. These growth marks are present throughout both, the fast-growing bone tissue deposited during growing period (fibrolamellar bone, FLC or parallel fibered bone, PFB) as well as the slow-growing dense lamellar tissue deposited during the adulthood (External Fundamental System, EFS). The number of rest lines in cortical bones fits well with chronological age of the animals, providing evidence of the annual periodicity of bone growth marks in these mammals. The femur is clearly the most reliable bone for skeletochronology analyses because it records the greatest number of LAGs. Despite this, bone remodelling and resorption can potentially delete or obscure the earliest ontogenetic record, especially in large ruminants. This research further indicates that bone growth is arrested during the energetically challenging period (low resource supply), coupled with physiological seasonal variation. These findings provide support that growth arrest forms part of a thermometabolic strategy for energy conservation. Moreover, this work shows that vascular and cellular features of primary bone tissue undergo strong ontogenetic variation associated with a decrease on growth rate as maturity approaches in mammals. Specifically, vascular and cellular densities decrease whereas the proportion of longitudinal canals in relation to circular ones increases throughout ontogeny until reach maturity, which may be related to physiological maturity. However, the most significant change along ontogeny occurs during the transition between the main primary tissues, from FLC/PFB to EFS, which is related to reproductive maturity. This work provides evidence that this transition reliable records the trade-off between growth and reproduction in ruminants. According to these findings, the age at reproductive maturity can be determined by counting the number of growth cycles within the fast growing tissue before the EFS. The result of comparing histological quantitative features between bovids suggests that vascular and cellular parameters are related to body mass and metabolism rather than to extrinsic factors, such as climate. Accordingly, the FLC bone of larger bovids tends to show more circular canals canals (which may reflect higher rates of periosteal bone deposition) and lower cellular densities (which may reflect lower mass-specific metabolic rate according to Kleiber’s law) than the smaller ones. Finally, the findings on fossil species provide evidence that bone histology is a valuable tool to explore evolutionary trends in mammalian life histories. Moreover, the results of bone histology to get some life history traits in endangered mammals highlight its usefulness on the field of conservation biology. To conclude, the findings of this work provide evidence that, in mammals, bone growth is mainly regulated by endogenous rates and synchronized with seasonal resource availability. The evidence of cyclical bone growth debunks the classical assumption that homeothermic endotherms grow continuously until they attain maturity, providing a clear support to the usefulness of bone histology to reconstruct life history traits in extinct and extant mammals.

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Gardner, Rhodri Vaughan. "Bone diagenesis : taphonomy in archaeological bone and its relationship with the survival of ancient DNA." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322528.

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SOUSA, FILHO Gilberto Cunha de. "Efeito da utilização do biopolímero da cana-de-açúcar na regeneração alveolar de incisivos de coelhos." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2014. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/16246.

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O biopolímero da cana-de-açúcar é um produto extraído da síntese bacteriana através da Zoogloea sp., a partir do melaço de cana-de-açúcar, que apresenta características cicatrizantes em feridas cutâneas, porém nada tem sido descrito na reparação alveolar pós-cirúrgica em procedimentos que envolvem exodontias. Este trabalho se propõe a avaliar a ação deste biopolímero individualmente e associado à hidroxiapatita na reparação óssea alveolar por meio da determinação da radiopacidade e pela análise histomorfométrica, descrevendo um protocolo cirúrgico para exodontias em coelhos. Para tal, foram utilizados 30 coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia distribuídos em três grupos : Grupo I (n=10) tratado com biopolímero da cana-de-açúcar após exodontia; Grupo II (n=10) tratado com biopolímero da cana-de-açúcar associado à hidroxiapatita após a exodontia e Grupo III (n=10), grupo controle, com realização de exodontia e sem tratamento. O período de avaliação foi de 60 dias após a cirurgia, sendo realizado análise da radiopacidade feita através de radiografias digitais e estudo histomorfométrico da espessura das tábuas ósseas superior, inferior e da região central do alvéolo .As análises da radiopacidade e histomorfométrica não demonstraram diferenças significativas entre os grupos.Pôde-se ver que o uso da técnica proposta foi favorável em todos os procedimentos cirúrgicos, devido à metodologia desde a execução das manobras cirúrgicas à inserção de substâncias, sem causar alterações nos tecidos, que poderiam promover alterações no período de cicatrização. O biopolímero da cana-de-açúcar mostrou-se biocompatível, porém, não promoveu fechamento total da loja cirúrgica, onde o trabeculado ósseo circunscreveu os limites da esponja, não ocorrendo ossificação no seu interior. Porém, constatou-se que havia formação inicial de espículas ósseas no interior da esponja quando impregnada com hidroxiapatita. Assim, este biopolímero não impede a reparação óssea, porém a ação como veículo na reparação ocorre somente quando associado a outros materiais osteocondutores.
The biopolymer of cane sugar is a product extracted from bacterial synthesis by Zoogloea sp., however nothing has been described in alveolar post-surgical procedures that involved dental extractions. This study aims to evaluate the action of this biopolymer taken individually and in combination with hydroxyapatite on alveolar bone repair by determination of radiopacity and by histomorphometric analysis, describing a surgical protocol of dental extractions in rabbits. In this research were used 30 rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) of New Zealand race, with an average weight of 3.0 kg, distributed in three experimental groups, i.e. Group I (n = 10) with the lower right incisor dental extraction and treated with biopolymer of cane sugar, Group II (n = 10) with the lower right incisor dental extraction and treated with biopolymer of cane sugar, associated with hydroxyapatite and Group III (n = 10), the control group, with the lower right incisor dental extraction with just achievement of suture. The trial period was 60 days after surgery, with the analysis of radiopacity made using digital x-rays and histomorphometric study of the thickness of the bone plates of upper, lower and central alveolus region, using the average value of the pixels in the images. The removal of the rabbit's incisor tooth required special care, because it was bent on the entire length of its alveolus, therefore, it was necessary for the extraction to be done in an upward curvilinear movement during the seizure of the dental crown by forceps, allowing the tooth to be avulsed without complications of fracture at its root, with use of forceps and elevators adapted for this purpose. In the analysis of the radiographic data the average values of the pixel of 128.8, 128.1 and 124.0 for Groups I, II and III respectively were observed, and no significant differences between the same were displayed. Histomorphometric bone formation showed no statistically significant difference between the groups, with the highest average in Group III, and the lowest in Group I. It could be seen that the use of the technique proposed was favourable in all surgical procedures, due to methodology since the implementation of the surgical insertion maneuvers in insertion of substances, without causing changes in tissues, which could promote changes in the healing period. The biopolymer from cane sugar has proven biocompatible, however, it did not promote total closure of surgical cavity, where the trabecular bone circumscribed the limits of sponge, with no ossification occurring therein. However, it was noted that there was initial formation of bone spicules within the sponge when impregnated with hydroxyapatite. Therefore, this biopolymer does not prevent the bone repair, however it acts as a repair vehicle only when combined with other osteoconductive materials.

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Vasconcelos, Karla de Faria 1983. "Análise microestrutural de sítios ósseos implantares da maxila reconstruídos com enxerto autógeno e xenógeno = Micro-computed tomography of maxillary implant sites reconstructed with autogenous and xenogenous bone graft." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/288877.

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Orientador: Frab Norberto Boscolo
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: O conhecimento da microarquitetura óssea desempenha importante papel no sucesso das reconstruções ósseas e posterior reabilitação com implantes dentários. Os objetivos dessa pesquisa foram: 1. Avaliar a microarquitetura óssea de sítios da maxila, que foram reconstruídos com enxertos ósseos, autógeno e xenógeno e 2. Avaliar tridimensional e bidimensionalmente a formação óssea na superfície dos parafusos de fixação (BIC-Bone-to-implant contact). Doze amostras contendo parafusos de fixação recobertos por 0,5 a 1mm de osso humano foram removidas com auxílio de uma broca trefina, após seis meses da colocação de blocos de enxerto em maxila de 8 pacientes, cinco mulheres e três homens, com média de idade entre 50 anos. Sete de sítios xenógenos e cinco de autógenos. As amostras foram avaliadas por meio de imagens obtidas pelo microtomógrafo SkyScan 1173 e por meio da técnica histológica de Stevenels blue e Van Giesen red. Para caracterizar a microarquitetura foram avaliados: a razão volume ósseo/volume tecidual, espessura das trabéculas, distância trabecular, número de trabéculas e densidade de conectividade, em três áreas distintas (enxerto/transição/osso nativo). O cálculo do BIC 2D foi realizado em imagens histológicas e microtomográficas. O BIC 3D foi viabilizado em áreas selecionadas em 17 amostras, entretanto, apenas em imagens adquiridas por microtomografia. Quando os parâmetros da microarquitetura foram comparados entre as áreas, foram observadas diferenças estatísticas (p<0,05) na espessura e distância das trabéculas, entre a área de osso nativo e do enxerto, apenas nas amostras autógenas. As amostras xenógenas não apresentaram diferenças entre as áreas. Quando os dois tipos de enxerto foram comparados entre si, diferenças estatísticas (p<0,05) foram encontradas entre o volume de tecido ósseo, espessura entre as trabéculas e a distância entre as trabéculas. O cálculo do BIC 2D revelou semelhança entre as técnicas (p=0,802) e também entre os tipos de enxerto (p=0,097). Avaliando os valores do BIC 3D, observou-se diferença estatística significante nos valores do BIC entre as diferentes áreas, osso e enxerto, com valores mais altos nas áreas de osso nativo. Esses dados estruturais e observações obtidas a partir de imagens microtomográficas proporcionam valiosa caracterização desses sítios e oportunidade de futuras correlações com estudos de elementos finitos e resultados clínicos
Abstract: The knowledge of bone microarchitecture is an important role in the success of bone reconstructions and following rehabilitation with dental implants. Thus, the main objectives of this study were: 1) To characterize the microarchitecture of implant bone sites reconstructed with bone grafts and 2) To assess in two and three-dimensions the percentage of bone in contact with bone graft fixing screws (BIC-Bone-implant contact). Six months after graft placement of blocks in the maxilla of eight patients (five women and three men, with a mean of 50 years of age) twelve samples containing fixing screws covered by 0.5 to 1 mm of human bone were removed using a trephine drill. Five were from sites that had received autogenous grafts and seven from sites that had received xenogeneic grafts. Samples were evaluated by micro tomography images obtained by the SkyScan 1173 (Bruker, Kontich, Belgium) device and by histological technique with Stevenels blue e Van Giesen red solutions. To characterize the bone microarchitecture, bone volume, trabecular thickness, trabecular distance, trabecular number and connectivity in three distinct areas (graft / transition / native bone) were evaluated. The 2D BIC was performed in histological and microtomography images. The 3D BIC was performed only in images acquired by microtomography in whole sample. When the microtomography bone parameters were compared between areas, statistical differences were noted only in the thickness and distance of the trabecular area between the native bone and autogenous graft (p<0.05). No statistically significant differences were observed between these areas in the xenogenous sample. When the parameters were compared between two types of grafts, statistical differences were found between the bone volume (p<0.05), the trabecular thickness (p<0.05) and trabecular separation (p<0.05).While calculating the BIC 2D revealed similarity when comparing values obtained by both techniques (p=0.802), and both grafts (p=0.097). It was observed statistically significant difference in values of BIC 3D in different areas (bone and graft) (p=0.0021) with the highest values in areas of native bone. The structural data and observations obtained from micro-computed tomography images provided valuable characterization of sites that received bone grafts and the opportunity for future correlations with finite element studies and clinical outcomes
Doutorado
Radiologia Odontologica
Doutora em Radiologia Odontológica

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Selim, Mariana Baroni. "Avaliação estrutural do osso terceiro metacarpiano equino frente à implantação de biopolímero à base de mamona." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10137/tde-18072014-113131/.

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Uma série de novas estratégias vem sendo desenvolvidas com o objetivo de otimizar a reparação óssea, pois os métodos atualmente disponíveis em ortopedia humana e veterinária não apresentam resultados plenamente satisfatórios. Inúmeros pesquisadores dedicam-se ao desenvolvimento e estudo da compatibilidade de novos implantes com o propósito de acelerar a reparação óssea. O polímero a base de óleo de mamona tem chamado atenção para a sua aplicação como substituto ósseo, pois é um produto natural, biocompatível e com propriedades estruturais semelhantes às do tecido ósseo. Seis equinos foram submetidos à ostectomia na superfície diafisária dorsal de seus terceiros metacarpianos. Uma das falhas ósseas foi preenchida com o polímero a base de mamona e o outra, no membro contralateral permaneceu sem preenchimento, atuando como controle. Os animais foram acompanhados por um período de 120 dias após o procedimento através de monitoramento radiográfico da densidade óssea. Após este período, realizou-se biópsia para avaliação histológica por microscopias de luz e eletrônica de varredura. A densitometria óptica revelou valores médios de 14,17mmAl ± 1,722 e 16,33mmAl ±1,633 (p=0,027) para os grupos polímero e controle, respectivamente. A microscopia óptica de luz demonstrou maior porcentagem de tecido ósseo neoformado no grupo controle (50,15% ±14,83) quando comparado ao grupo polímero (26,94% ±12,06), com p0,0001. No entanto, a microscopia eletrônica de varredura permitiu observar que a qualidade do tecido ósseo formado na presença do biomaterial foi mantida. Além disso, não foram observadas reações adversas ao biomaterial, como a formação de tecido cicatricial ou reações de corpo estranho, levando a conclusão de que a poliuretana de óleo de mamona pode ser considerada adequada ao preenchimento de falhas ósseas em equinos, uma vez que desmonstrou compatibilidade e osteocondutividade.
A series of new strategies have been developed in order to optimize bone repair, because the methods currently available for human and veterinary orthopedics have no fully satisfactory results. Many researchers have dedicated to develop and study the compatibility of new implants in order to accelerate bone repair. The polymer of castor oil have drawn attention for its application as a bone substitute because it is a natural, biocompatible and have structural properties similar to bone tissue. Six horses were submited to ostectomy on the dorsal surface of its third metacarpal bone. One of the bone defects was filled with polymer of castor oil and the other remained unfilled, as a control group. The animals were followed for a period of 120 days after the procedure by monitoring radiographic bone density. After this period, a biopsy was performed for histological evaluation by light and scanning electron microscopy. The optical densitometry revealed medium values of 14.17mmAl ± 1.722 and 16.33mmAl ± 1.633 (p = 0.027) for the polymer and control groups, respectively. The light microscopy showed a higher percentage of new bone formation in the control group ( 50.15% ± 14.83 ) than in the polymer group ( 26.94 % ± 12.06 ) , with p 0.0001. However, scanning electron microscopy allowed to observe that the quality of bone formation tissue in the presence of biomaterial was maintained. Furthermore, there were no adverse reactions to biomaterial, such as scar formation or as a foreign body reaction, allowing to conclude that the polymer of castor oil can be considered suitable to fill bone defects in horses, since it demonstrated compatibility and osteoconductivity.

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Ruddle, Jane Louise. "An investigation of bone histology as a potential age indicator in Roe Deer." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1997. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1317650/.

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The histological structure of 72 modem roe deer mandibles was examined to see if those features that showed age-related development patterns in humans (Kerley, 1965), and laboratory rats (Singh & Gunberg, 1971), could be quantified and used to predict age in a species which poses particular ageing problems to zooarchaeologists. The roe deer sample consisted of 30 bucks and 42 does ranging in age from kids through to 14 years. Bone pieces, 5mm thick, were removed from the base of each right mandibular ramus and prepared for analysis in a scanning electron microscope operated in back-scattered electron detector mode. Four fields of view per section were photographed at a magnification of x44, and the numbers of secondaiy osteons and non-Haversian canals, together with the area of periosteal circumferential lamellae in each was recorded. Histological feature counts were regressed on age to produce equations which could be reversed and used to predict new ages for each specimen. The average accuracy and bias of the new ages were calculated. Statistical analysis revealed that circumferential lamellae area did not show any correlation with age in roe deer, but doe total and average non-Haversian canal counts showed highly significant correlations with age (r = -0.75, P = 0.00) and doe average non-Haversian canal counts provided the most accurate age estimates (average inaccuracy = 2.50 years, average bias = -0.04 years). However, tooth wear scores were found to have a stronger correlation with age, for bucks and does together, (r = 0.88, P = 0.00) and a greater level of accuracy of age prediction (average inaccuracy = 1.31 years, average bias = 0.16 years). Still, in the absence of the dentition, histology-based ageing remains the only technique that can be applied to roe deer over their entire age range.

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Rose, David C. "The Use of Geographical Information Systems Software for the Spatial Analysis of Bone Microstructure." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1304374022.

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Rentsch, Claudia, Wolfgang Schneiders, Suzanne Manthey, Barbe Rentsch, and Stefan Rammelt. "Comprehensive histological evaluation of bone implants." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-147454.

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To investigate and assess bone regeneration in sheep in combination with new implant materials classical histological staining methods as well as immunohistochemistry may provide additional information to standard radiographs or computer tomography. Available published data of bone defect regenerations in sheep often present none or sparely labeled histological images. Repeatedly, the exact location of the sample remains unclear, detail enlargements are missing and the labeling of different tissues or cells is absent. The aim of this article is to present an overview of sample preparation, staining methods and their benefits as well as a detailed histological description of bone regeneration in the sheep tibia. General histological staining methods like hematoxylin and eosin, Masson-Goldner trichrome, Movat’s pentachrome and alcian blue were used to define new bone formation within a sheep tibia critical size defect containing a polycaprolactone-co-lactide (PCL) scaffold implanted for 3 months (n = 4). Special attention was drawn to describe the bone healing patterns down to cell level. Additionally one histological quantification method and immunohistochemical staining methods are described.

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Neudert, Marcus, Christian Fischer, Burkhard Krempien, Markus J. Seibel, and Frieder Bauss. "A Rapid Histological Score for the Semiquantitative Assessment of Bone Metastases in Experimental Models of Breast Cancer." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-134931.

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Background: Using a nude rat model of site-specific metastatic bone disease (MBD), we developed a semiquantitative histological score for rapid assessment of lytic lesions in bone. This provides additional information to conventional histological measurement by clarifying the extent and location of metastatic infiltration and the tumor growth pattern. The score can also be used to assess the action of bisphosphonates on bone metastases. Materials and Methods: Male nude rats (n = 12 per group) were inoculated with the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 via the femoral artery. Following appearance of radiographically visible osteolytic lesions on day 18, the animals received phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; controls) or ibandronate (IBN, 10 µg P/kg) daily until day 30. Whole body radiographs were obtained on days 18 and 30, and osteolytic areas (OA) were determined by radiographic computer-based analysis (CBA). On day 30, MBD was assessed in both tibias using conventional histological CBA and the new scoring system. Results: Metastatic tumor area correlated with the total sum of the new score in both PBS- (r = 0.762) and IBN-treated animals (r = 0.951; p < 0.001). OA correlated well with the total sum in both groups (r = 0.845 and 0.854, respectively; p < 0.001). Conclusion: Significant reduction of bone marrow and cortical infiltration of tumor cells with IBN suggested local control of metastases
Hintergrund: Mit Hilfe eines etablierten Tiermodells zur Erzeugung lokalisationsspezifischer Knochenmetastasen in der Nacktratte wurde ein semiquantitatives histologisches Graduierungssystem zur schnellen Bewertung osteolytischer Knochenmetastasen entwickelt. Das Graduierungssystem liefert hinsichtlich der Metastasenlokalisation, deren Ausmaß und Infiltrationsmuster wertvolle Zusatzinformationen zu den konventionellen histologischen Untersuchungsmethoden. Damit kann beispielsweise auch die pharmakologische Wirkung von Bisphosphonaten auf die Knochenmetastasierung beurteilt werden. Material und Methoden: Männlichen Nacktratten (n = 12 pro Gruppe) wurden Zellen der humanen Brustkrebszellinie MDA-MB-231 in die Oberschenkelarterie inokuliert. Ab dem Auftreten radiologisch erkennbarer Osteolysen 18 Tage nach Inokulation erhielten die Tiere bis zum Studienende (Tag 30) täglich entweder eine subkutane Applikation einer Phosphat-Puffer-Lösung (Kontrollgruppe) oder Ibandronat (IBN, 10 µg P/kg; Behandlungsgruppe). Konventionelle Röntgenaufnahmen wurden an den Tagen 18 und 30 nach Tumorinokulation angefertigt und die Osteolysenflächen mittels Computerauswertung bestimmt. Nach Studienende wurde der Metastasenbefall in beiden Tibiae sowohl konventionell histologisch als auch mittels des neuen Graduierungssystems ausgewertet. Ergebnisse: Die Metastasenfläche korrelierte mit der kummulativen Punktsumme des Graduierungssystems sowohl in der Kontrollgruppe (r = 0,762; p < 0,001) als auch in der Ibandronat- Gruppe (r = 0,951; p < 0,001). Ebenso war die Osteolysenfläche eng mit der Punktesumme in beiden Gruppen korreliert (r = 0,845 und 0,854; p < 0,001). Schlussfolgerung: Die signifikante Reduktion von Knochenmark- und Kortikalisbefall durch IBN deuten auf eine gute lokale Kontrolle des Metastasenwachstums hin
Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich

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Levitt, Carolyn Gale. "Bone histology and growth of chasmosaurine ceratopsid dinosaurs from the Late Campanian Kaiparowits Formation, southern Utah." Thesis, The University of Utah, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1537537.

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Ceratopsian dinosaurs are one of the most diverse dinosaur groups in the Cretaceous, and an outstanding question is how growth strategies of this group evolved in relation to their shift from small bipedal basal ceratopsians to larger quadrupedal ceratopsids. Previous bone histology studies have investigated several basal ceratopsians and centrosaurine ceratopsids (e.g., Centrosaurus, Pachyrhinosaurus, Einiosaurus), but no chasmosaurine ceratopsids have been investigated. I conducted histological analysis of humeri, ulnae, femora, tibiae, ribs, and ossified tendons from multiple specimens of two species of chasmosaurine ceratopsid dinosaurs from the late Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) Kaiparowits Formation of southern Utah, Kosmoceratops richardsoni and Utahceratops gettyi, to examine bone microstructure indicators of growth rate and maturity. I also reexamined the long-bone histology of the ceratopsian dinosaurs Psittacosaurus mongoliensis, Protoceratops andrewsi, and Centrosaurus apertus . All elements of Utahceratops and Kosmoceratops examined are dominated by densely vascularized tissue, indicative of sustained fast growth. Radially-oriented vascular canals as well as dense osteocytes from throughout ontogeny are further indicators of rapid growth. I identified juvenile (UMNH VP 20444, UMNH VP 20454), subadult (UMNH VP 16681) and adult (UMNH VP 16860, UMNH VP 16861, UMNH VP 12198) specimens of Utahceratops, and two subadult to adult specimens (UMNH VP 17000, UMNH VP 21339) of Kosmoceratops.

I conclude that basal ceratopsians grew more slowly than the large quadrupedal ceratopsids, as evidenced by a generally higher number of definitive growth lines prevalent throughout development. In contrast, the presence of dense osteocytes, and reticular and radially-oriented vascular canals are rapid growth indicators shared by all sampled large ceratopsids, and imply an elevated metabolism for all ceratopsians. Sampled specimens of Utahceratops and Kosmoceratops do not preserve any evidence of annual lines of arrested growth (LAGs). Placed in context with the number of LAGs observed in Alaskan Pachyrhinosaurus, Centrosaurus from Alberta, and Einosaurus from Montana, these data suggest a latitudinal gradient in the number of LAGs, which suggests that bone growth is reacting to the climate.

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Legendre, Lucas. "Les crocodiles sont-ils devenus secondairement ectothermes ? : étude paléohistologique." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066307/document.

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Les archosaures sont un clade de vertébrés comprenant les oiseaux, les crocodiliens, ainsi que de nombreux groupes fossiles. Ce groupe fait depuis plusieurs décennies l'objet d'un important débat parmi les paléontologues quant à l'évolution du thermométabolisme au sein de ses différentes lignées. L'hypothèse classique considère que seuls les oiseaux modernes sont endothermes, tandis que tous les autres archosaures sont ectothermes. L'histologie osseuse permet d'étudier plusieurs traits relatifs au thermométabolisme impossibles à mesurer sur des spécimens fossiles ; c'est pourquoi nous avons utilisé des caractères mesurés sur des coupes histologiques d'os longs.Nous nous sommes consacrés dans une première partie à une revue détaillée de la mesure du signal phylogénétique pour des caractères ostéohistologiques dans deux clades de vertébrés, ce qui nous a permis de mieux définir l'approche à suivre dans la construction de nos modèles prédictifs.Après une étude préliminaire consacrée à l'élaboration d'un modèle prédictif du taux de croissance osseuse, nous avons construit un modèle global capable de prédire directement le taux métabolique de nos spécimens fossiles. Nos résultats montrent que la majorité des archosaures de notre échantillonnage étaient endothermes. Cela implique que le dernier ancêtre commun des archosaures était probablement endotherme, et que les crocodiliens sont donc devenus secondairement ectothermes, probablement en réponse aux contraintes du milieu aquatique. Des études plus spécifiques sur la lignée des pseudosuchiens devraient permettre de déterminer à quel niveau de l'arbre phylogénétique s'est effectué le retour à cet état ectotherme
Archosaurs are a clade of vertebrates that includes birds, crocodiles, and numerous fossil groups. This clade has been a matter of debate among paleontologists for decades concerning the evolution of thermometabolism in its different lineages. The classical hypothesis considers that only modern birds are true endotherms, whereas all other archosaurs are ectotherms. Bone histology allows to study several traits linked to bone growth rate and thermometabolism, otherwise impossible to estimate on fossil specimens; for this reason, we used characters measured on long bone histological sections.In the first section, we extensively reviewed the measure of phylogenetic signal for osteohistological features in two clades of vertebrates, which was then used to define the methodology for building our predictive models.After a preliminary study during which we built a predictive model for bone growth rate, we built a global model to predict the metabolic rate of our fossil specimens, using both histological features and phylogenetic information for each specimen. Our results show that a majority of archosaurs in our sample were endotherms. This implies that the last common ancestor of archosaurs was likely an endotherm, and that modern crocodiles became secondarily ectothermic, probably in response to their aquatic environment. More specific studies on pseudosuchians should allow to precisely identify the level of the phylogenetic tree at which the ectothermic state was acquired, as well as adaptive constraints behind this acquisition

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Bry, Régis. "Contribution à l'étude de la variabilité des propriétés mécaniques de l'os cortical diaphysaire d'un os porteur (fémur) et non-porteur (humérus)." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015VALE0022/document.

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Dans le but d’enrichir la modélisation virtuelle d’êtres humains et de mieux comprendre la biomécanique de certaines parties du squelette, ce travail propose une analyse comparative des propriétés histologiques et mécaniques de deux os appendiculaires fonctionnellement opposés : l’humérus et le fémur. La campagne a été réalisée à partir d’échantillons provenant de quatre SHPM embaumés (Sujet Humain Post-Mortem), de sexe masculin. Une étude géométrique en 3D a débuté l’expérimentation. Elle a été suivie par une analyse histomorphométrique de 153 photographies réalisées à partir de la face antéromédiale du cortex diaphysaire, à quatre niveaux de hauteur et à trois niveaux de profondeur. Des essais mécaniques ont ensuite été effectués sur 28 éprouvettes d’os cortical non congelé, provenant du même site anatomique. L’expérimentation s’est déroulée sur machine conventionnelle de traction. Elle comportait des essais en traction/compression et des essais de cyclage en traction dans le domaine élastique, à la vitesse de 0,05 mm/mn, jusqu’à rupture. Une loi d’endommagement a également été élaborée. Ces travaux ont montré que ces deux os offrent un comportement différent. L’humérus s’avère être moins résistant et plus raide que le fémur. Son endommagement intervient plus rapidement. Les valeurs mécaniques relevées sont en rapport avec la densité et la taille des ostéones actifs, ainsi qu’avec les caractéristiques de la porosité Haversienne. Les différences de comportement mécanique relevées s’expliquent par l’adaptation microscopique du tissu osseux cortical aux contraintes subies par un os porteur ou non-porteur. Les variations interindividuelles observées sont fonction de son état physiologique
With the aim of enriching the virtual modelisation of human beings and understanding better the biomechanics of some parts of the skeleton, this work proposes a comparative analysis of histological and mechanical attributes of two functionally opposed appendicular bones: femur and humerus. The campaign has been done with samples coming from four embalmed PMHS (post mortem human subjects) of the male gender. A 3D geometric study started the experiment. It was followed by an histomorphometric analysis of 153 pictures carried out on the anteromedial face of the diaphyseal cortex at four levels of height and three levels of depth. Mechanical tests were then done on 28 specimens of non frozen cortical bone coming from the same anatomic site. The experiment took place on a conventional traction machine. It consisted of traction/compression tests and cycling tests under traction in the elastic zone, at the speed of 0.05 mm/mn until yield point. A damage law has also been elaborated. These studies have shown that these two bones offer a different behaviour. The humerus bone turns out to be less resistant and stiffer than the femur. It is damaged more quickly. The mechanical values noted are related to the density and the size of active osteons and also to the characteristics of Haversian porosity. The difference of mechanical behavior noticed can be explained by the microscopic adaptation of the cortical bone tissue to the stresses undergone by the bearing and non bearing bones. The inter-individual variations observed are linked to the physiological state of this tissue

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Neudert, Marcus, Christian Fischer, Burkhard Krempien, Markus J. Seibel, and Frieder Bauss. "A Rapid Histological Score for the Semiquantitative Assessment of Bone Metastases in Experimental Models of Breast Cancer." Karger, 2008. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27606.

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Background: Using a nude rat model of site-specific metastatic bone disease (MBD), we developed a semiquantitative histological score for rapid assessment of lytic lesions in bone. This provides additional information to conventional histological measurement by clarifying the extent and location of metastatic infiltration and the tumor growth pattern. The score can also be used to assess the action of bisphosphonates on bone metastases. Materials and Methods: Male nude rats (n = 12 per group) were inoculated with the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 via the femoral artery. Following appearance of radiographically visible osteolytic lesions on day 18, the animals received phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; controls) or ibandronate (IBN, 10 µg P/kg) daily until day 30. Whole body radiographs were obtained on days 18 and 30, and osteolytic areas (OA) were determined by radiographic computer-based analysis (CBA). On day 30, MBD was assessed in both tibias using conventional histological CBA and the new scoring system. Results: Metastatic tumor area correlated with the total sum of the new score in both PBS- (r = 0.762) and IBN-treated animals (r = 0.951; p < 0.001). OA correlated well with the total sum in both groups (r = 0.845 and 0.854, respectively; p < 0.001). Conclusion: Significant reduction of bone marrow and cortical infiltration of tumor cells with IBN suggested local control of metastases.
Hintergrund: Mit Hilfe eines etablierten Tiermodells zur Erzeugung lokalisationsspezifischer Knochenmetastasen in der Nacktratte wurde ein semiquantitatives histologisches Graduierungssystem zur schnellen Bewertung osteolytischer Knochenmetastasen entwickelt. Das Graduierungssystem liefert hinsichtlich der Metastasenlokalisation, deren Ausmaß und Infiltrationsmuster wertvolle Zusatzinformationen zu den konventionellen histologischen Untersuchungsmethoden. Damit kann beispielsweise auch die pharmakologische Wirkung von Bisphosphonaten auf die Knochenmetastasierung beurteilt werden. Material und Methoden: Männlichen Nacktratten (n = 12 pro Gruppe) wurden Zellen der humanen Brustkrebszellinie MDA-MB-231 in die Oberschenkelarterie inokuliert. Ab dem Auftreten radiologisch erkennbarer Osteolysen 18 Tage nach Inokulation erhielten die Tiere bis zum Studienende (Tag 30) täglich entweder eine subkutane Applikation einer Phosphat-Puffer-Lösung (Kontrollgruppe) oder Ibandronat (IBN, 10 µg P/kg; Behandlungsgruppe). Konventionelle Röntgenaufnahmen wurden an den Tagen 18 und 30 nach Tumorinokulation angefertigt und die Osteolysenflächen mittels Computerauswertung bestimmt. Nach Studienende wurde der Metastasenbefall in beiden Tibiae sowohl konventionell histologisch als auch mittels des neuen Graduierungssystems ausgewertet. Ergebnisse: Die Metastasenfläche korrelierte mit der kummulativen Punktsumme des Graduierungssystems sowohl in der Kontrollgruppe (r = 0,762; p < 0,001) als auch in der Ibandronat- Gruppe (r = 0,951; p < 0,001). Ebenso war die Osteolysenfläche eng mit der Punktesumme in beiden Gruppen korreliert (r = 0,845 und 0,854; p < 0,001). Schlussfolgerung: Die signifikante Reduktion von Knochenmark- und Kortikalisbefall durch IBN deuten auf eine gute lokale Kontrolle des Metastasenwachstums hin.
Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.

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Suedam, Ivy Kiemle Trindade [UNESP]. "Estudo comparativo dos resultados de enxertos de vidro bioativo e osso autógeno, associados ou não ao plasma rico em plaquetas, em seio maxilar de coelho: análise fractal, densitométrica e histomorfométrica." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104740.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito da associação de osso autógeno (OA) e de vidro bioativo (VB) ao plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) como substitutos ósseos no interior de seios maxilares (SM) de coelhos, por meio de análise radiográfica da densidade óssea e da dimensão fractal e análise histomorfométrica. Adicionalmente, pretendeu-se validar os métodos da densidade óssea e dimensão fractal como indicadores da neoformação óssea. Para tanto, 20 coelhos divididos em dois grupos (G1 e G2) foram submetidos à cirurgia de levantamento de SM. No G1, 10 SM esquerdos foram enxertados com OA e 10 SM direitos com VB. No G2, 10 SM esquerdos foram enxertados com uma combinação de OA+PRP e 10 SM direitos com VB+PRP. Após 90 dias, os animais foram sacrificados e radiografias padronizadas dos SMs foram obtidas. Os valores médios (desvio padrão) da densidade óssea, expressa em milímetros equivalentes de alumínio, para os tratamentos OA, VB, OA+PRP e VB+PRP foram, respectivamente, 1,79(0,316), 2,04(0,398), 1,61(0,285) e 1,53(0,309), sendo que diferenças estatisticamente significantes (p<0,05) foram encontradas entre os valores de VB e OA, e, VB+PRP e VB. Na dimensão fractal, os valores encontrados, que podem variar de 1 a 2, foram 1,48(0,040), 1,35(0,084), 1,44(0,043) e 1,44(0,066), respectivamente. Diferenças significantes (p<0,05) foram encontradas entre os valores de VB e OA, e, OA+PRP e VB. Na histometria, expressa em porcentagem de preenchimento ósseo, os valores obtidos foram 63,30l8,609, 52,65(10,415), 55,25(7,018) e 51,07(10,255), respectivamente. Não foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas entre os tratamentos. Não houve correlação estatisticamente significante entre as variáveis densidade óssea, dimensão fractal e porcentagem de osso. Na análise histológica dos SM tratados com OA observou-se tecido ósseo neoformado, ricamente...
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the use of autogenous bone (AB) and bioactive glass (BG) and the association of these materials with platelet-rich plasma (PRP), as bone substitutes in the rabbit maxillary sinus (MS) by means of radiographical bone density and fractal dimension and by histomorphometrical analysis. In addition, the study aimed at validating the two radiographic methods as indicators of bone formation. Twenty rabbits divided into two groups (G1 and G2) were submitted to sinus lift surgery. In G1, 10 left MS were grafted with AB and 10 right MS were grafted with BG. In G2, 10 left MS were grafted with AB+PRP and 10 right MS were grafted with VB+PRP. Ninety days after, the animals were sacrificed and standardized radiographs were taken. Mean values (standard deviation) of bone density, expressed as aluminium equivalent milimeters, in MS grafted with OA, VB, OA+PRP and VB+PRP were 1,79l0,316, 2,04l0,398, 1,61l0,285 and 1,53l0,309, respectively. Statistically significant differences (p <0,05) were observed in bone density between BG and AB, and between BG+PRP and BG. Mean values of fractal dimension, which can vary from 1 to 2, were 1,48l0,040, 1,35l0,084, 1,44l0,043 and 1,44l0,066, respectively. Significant differences were observed between BG and AB and AB+PRP and BG. Mean values of percentage of bone inside MS, assessed by histometrical analysis were, respectively, 63,30l8,609, 52,65l10,415, 55,25l7,018 and 51,07l10,255. Differences were not statistically significant. No correlations were observed among bone density, fractal dimension and percentage of bone. Histological analysis showed that MS treated with AB presented newly formed and mature lamellar bone, with active bone formation presenting several vessels and osteoblasts. The other groups showed minor bone formation, with a diffuse marrow and thin network of newly... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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30

Suedam, Ivy Kiemle Trindade. "Estudo comparativo dos resultados de enxertos de vidro bioativo e osso autógeno, associados ou não ao plasma rico em plaquetas, em seio maxilar de coelho : análise fractal, densitométrica e histomorfométrica /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104740.

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Resumo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito da associação de osso autógeno (OA) e de vidro bioativo (VB) ao plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) como substitutos ósseos no interior de seios maxilares (SM) de coelhos, por meio de análise radiográfica da densidade óssea e da dimensão fractal e análise histomorfométrica. Adicionalmente, pretendeu-se validar os métodos da densidade óssea e dimensão fractal como indicadores da neoformação óssea. Para tanto, 20 coelhos divididos em dois grupos (G1 e G2) foram submetidos à cirurgia de levantamento de SM. No G1, 10 SM esquerdos foram enxertados com OA e 10 SM direitos com VB. No G2, 10 SM esquerdos foram enxertados com uma combinação de OA+PRP e 10 SM direitos com VB+PRP. Após 90 dias, os animais foram sacrificados e radiografias padronizadas dos SMs foram obtidas. Os valores médios (desvio padrão) da densidade óssea, expressa em milímetros equivalentes de alumínio, para os tratamentos OA, VB, OA+PRP e VB+PRP foram, respectivamente, 1,79(0,316), 2,04(0,398), 1,61(0,285) e 1,53(0,309), sendo que diferenças estatisticamente significantes (p<0,05) foram encontradas entre os valores de VB e OA, e, VB+PRP e VB. Na dimensão fractal, os valores encontrados, que podem variar de 1 a 2, foram 1,48(0,040), 1,35(0,084), 1,44(0,043) e 1,44(0,066), respectivamente. Diferenças significantes (p<0,05) foram encontradas entre os valores de VB e OA, e, OA+PRP e VB. Na histometria, expressa em porcentagem de preenchimento ósseo, os valores obtidos foram 63,30l8,609, 52,65(10,415), 55,25(7,018) e 51,07(10,255), respectivamente. Não foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas entre os tratamentos. Não houve correlação estatisticamente significante entre as variáveis densidade óssea, dimensão fractal e porcentagem de osso. Na análise histológica dos SM tratados com OA observou-se tecido ósseo neoformado, ricamente... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the use of autogenous bone (AB) and bioactive glass (BG) and the association of these materials with platelet-rich plasma (PRP), as bone substitutes in the rabbit maxillary sinus (MS) by means of radiographical bone density and fractal dimension and by histomorphometrical analysis. In addition, the study aimed at validating the two radiographic methods as indicators of bone formation. Twenty rabbits divided into two groups (G1 and G2) were submitted to sinus lift surgery. In G1, 10 left MS were grafted with AB and 10 right MS were grafted with BG. In G2, 10 left MS were grafted with AB+PRP and 10 right MS were grafted with VB+PRP. Ninety days after, the animals were sacrificed and standardized radiographs were taken. Mean values (standard deviation) of bone density, expressed as aluminium equivalent milimeters, in MS grafted with OA, VB, OA+PRP and VB+PRP were 1,79l0,316, 2,04l0,398, 1,61l0,285 and 1,53l0,309, respectively. Statistically significant differences (p <0,05) were observed in bone density between BG and AB, and between BG+PRP and BG. Mean values of fractal dimension, which can vary from 1 to 2, were 1,48l0,040, 1,35l0,084, 1,44l0,043 and 1,44l0,066, respectively. Significant differences were observed between BG and AB and AB+PRP and BG. Mean values of percentage of bone inside MS, assessed by histometrical analysis were, respectively, 63,30l8,609, 52,65l10,415, 55,25l7,018 and 51,07l10,255. Differences were not statistically significant. No correlations were observed among bone density, fractal dimension and percentage of bone. Histological analysis showed that MS treated with AB presented newly formed and mature lamellar bone, with active bone formation presenting several vessels and osteoblasts. The other groups showed minor bone formation, with a diffuse marrow and thin network of newly... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Orientador: Gulnara Scaf
Coorientador: Elcio Marcantonio Junior
Banca: Maria Lúcia Rubo de Rezende
Banca: Eduardo Sant'Ana
Banca: Eduardo Hochuli Vieira
Banca: Joni Augusto Cirelli
Doutor

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31

Xynos, Ioannis D. "Bioactive glasses for the in vitro synthesis of bone tissue." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11494.

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32

Gerwitz, Andrew. "Evaluating potential growth strategies using bone histology in Pleistocene-Holocene Odocoileus virginianus (Mammalia) from Florida." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1470322817.

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33

Goldsmith, Erika. "Bone Histology and Geochemical Taphonomy of Arctic Centrosaurine Ceratopsids from the Kikak-Tegoseak Quarry (North Slope, Alaska)." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2018. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/515503.

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Geology
M.S.
Pachyrhinosaurus perotorum, a paleo-Arctic centrosaurine ceratopsid from the Kikak-Tegoseak Quarry (North Slope, Alaska) represents a unique opportunity to add to the understanding of ceratopsian bone histology, which is poorly understood due to the minimal preservation of growth markers (e.g. lines of arrested growth) and limited histological sampling across the ceratopsian lineage. Histological analyses of eight rib fragments from P. perotorum were conducted to add to the understanding of ceratopsian growth dynamics. Cyclical growth is preserved within ribs from P. perotorum allowing for the assignment of relative ontogenetic ages. One juvenile (DMNH 23891), 4 sub-adults (DMNH 21574, DMNH 24384, DMNH 24228, and DMNH 23888), and one adult (DMNH 24237) were identified. Radial and reticular fibrolamellar bone is prevalent in juvenile and sub-adult individuals indicating P. perotorum grew rapidly during ontogeny. Dense secondary bone is widespread in adult and three sub-adult individuals, which obscures most primary bone tissue and lines of arrested growth (LAGs). The degree of remodeling is higher than that previously reported in dinosaur rib histology, and may be attributable to differences in element-specific growth rate, environmental or biomechanical stresses. However, more histological studies of P. perotorum comparing growth between different postcranial long bones are needed to constrain the controls of secondary bone within this paleo-Arctic species. Although previous studies have interpreted taphonomy of the Kikak-Tegoseak Quarry (KTQ) using sedimentological and paleontological data, less is known about the geochemical taphonomy of this assemblage. P. perotorum bone has been altered from carbonate-hydroxyapatite to carbonate fluorapatite. XRD full width half maximum (FWHM) values display narrower peak widths (0.29-0.35°) than modern bone indicating a more crystalline apatite lattice structure. ATR-FTIR infrared splitting factor (IR-SF) values in P. perotorum specimens are greater (3.3-3.6) than in modern bone indicating that apatite crystallite sizes are larger than what is typically found in non-fossil bone. Higher crystallinity is a common result in fossil bone due the growth of authigenic apatite. ATR-FTIR spectra reveal elevated carbonate due to the addition of B-type carbonate into the apatite lattice. Relative amounts of carbonate correlates with ontogeny which could reflect a biological signal, although the effect of diagenetic alteration cannot be ruled out. Based on the elevated carbonate within bones of P. perotorum, there is potentially significant diagenetic alteration of the δ18Ocarbonate signal, therefore future stable isotope studies from the KTQ P. perotorum specimens should be cautious. Determining the potential chemical alteration of the δ18Ophosphate is more difficult since crystallinity data cannot differentiate between biogenic and secondary phosphate in bone. However, depleted carbonate: phosphate ratios can indicate the addition of more phosphate and thus, potential diagenetic alteration of the δ18Ophosphate. REE spider patterns yield different patterns between P. perotorum bones, which indicates taphonomic reworking (spatial and/or temporal) due to the preservation of different redox conditions and diffusion periods between bones. This observation is surprising due to the lack of significant/variable bone weathering or abrasion.
Temple University--Theses

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Lorenz, Brock. "Healos® versus Regenaform® in guided bone regeneration : a case series with histology and computed tomography." Thesis, NSUWorks, 2013. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/hpd_cdm_stuetd/21.

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"A thesis submitted to the College of Dental Medicine of Nova Southeastern University of the degree of Master of Science in Dentistry." Objective: To compare the differences in new bone formation between Regenaform® (control) and a new material Healos® (test) when used with GBR (guided bone regeneration). Background: Subsequent to loss of teeth, supporting alveolar bone is predictably lost, comprising optimal dental implant placement. GBR is a procedure that augments deficient bone in preparation for a dental implant. Methods: Subjects in need of a dental implant but with insufficient bone were recruited to participate in the study. The control group received GBR with Regenaform® grafting material and the experimental group received GBR with Healos® grafting material. Implant placement into the GBR sites was performed six months after GBR surgery. Bone regeneration was assessed by comparison of pre- and post-operative cone-beam CT scans (CBCT) and dental stone models. At the time of implant placement, bone cores that would normally be discarded were obtained from four control group sites and four experimental sites and were analyzed histologically. Results: Comparison of CBCTs showed the horizontal bone augmentation obtained with GBR using Healos® graft material is much less compared to GBR using Regenaform® (1.57 mm versus 2.81 mm). All Healos® sites exhibited delayed short-term healing with excessive erythema, edema and suppuration. Histologic analysis shows that Healos® heals with similar vital bone and similar marrow and fibrous tissue compared to Regenaform®. Conclusion: The use of Healos® grafting material for use in GBR cannot be recommended when more predictable grafting materials such as Regenaform® are available.

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Anné, Jennifer. "HISTOLOGICAL AND GEOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF PATHOLOGICAL VERSUS NORMAL BONE IN ALLOSAURUS FRAGILIS AND MODERN AVIANS." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2010. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/103924.

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Geology
M.S.
In modern organisms the structure and arrangement of bone apatite crystals is dependent on the arrangement of the organic collagen fibers. This is reflected in the formation of different types of bone tissue, such as woven (immature) or lamellar (mature), in pathological versus normal bone, or fast-growing (woven) versus slow-growing (lamellar) tissue. Because the basic physiological processes of fracture healing are similar in extant vertebrates, similar patterns may exist in fossil taxa. The three questions of interest for this study were the following: 1) Do differences exist in modern bone apatite crystallinity between normal and pathologic bone? 2) Are differences between normal and pathologic tissue consistent in both modern and fossil bone? 3) Does the type of bone tissue affect fossilization? In this study, we use histological and x-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses to examine fracture pathologies in pedal phalanges from the theropod dinosaur Allosaurus fragilis, and two modern bird species, Branta canadensis (Canada goose) and Cathartes aura (turkey vulture). Raman spectroscopy analysis was performed on modern birds, but not fossil material. Stable isotope and rare earth elements (REE) analyses were performed on fossil material to determine if there are differences in how pathologic bone fossilizes compared to normal bone. Results from Raman spectroscopy and XRD confirm that pathologic bone is more crystalline than normal bone in both fossil and modern taxa. Stable isotope and REE analyses do not show any difference in fossilization between pathologic and normal bone, suggesting that these techniques are more suitable for examining taphonomic rather than physiological differences.
Temple University--Theses

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Bergh, Mary Sarah. "Radiographic, Computed Tomographic, And Histologic Study Of Central Tarsal Bone Fractures In Racing Greyhounds." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1211974471.

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Hankey, David Patrick. "Characterisation of osteoblasts in culture and analysis of bone specific proteins." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317508.

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Barallat, Sendagorta Lucía. "Histologic and radiographic evaluation of different bone grafts in ridge preservation procedures." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/392633.

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The main goal of this PhD project was to better understand how different types of bone grafts behave in ridge preservation procedures. There is clear evidence that, after tooth removal, a healing process takes place in which the blood clot that fills the socket is gradually substituted with new bone. This process is accompanied by a reduction in height and width of the alveolar ridge. These events may result in limited bone availability, which may compromise an adequate implant placement in order to replace the missing teeth. For this reason, the insertion of different graft materials into the extraction socket has been reported. From the available evidence, it may be concluded that ridge preservation procedures do not completely prevent, but minimize loss of horizontal and vertical ridge alterations. From an histological point of view, several studies have analyzed the histological composition of previously preserved areas in order to determine the amount of vital bone formed. Since the additional benefits of different graft materials in terms of newly formed bone compared to natural healing of the extraction socket was still unknown, we conducted a systematic review in order to answer this question. Calcium sulfate, magnesium enriched hydroxyapatite (MHA) and porcine-derived bone grafts resulted in a significant greater amount of newly formed bone than natural healing sites. Studies evaluating allografts, autologous bone and bioactive glass showed no statistical significant differences between treatment groups. Due to the great variability of the included studies, no firm conclusions could be drawn. Demineralized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) and demineralized bone bovine mineral embedded in 10% collagen matrix (DBBM-C) have been widely used in regenerative therapies and particularly in ridge preservation procedures. However, the possible differences between both grafting materials had not previously been analysed. Therefore, a double blind randomized clinical trial comparing DBBM and DBBM-C in ridge preservation procedures was conducted. A reduction in height and width was observed 5 months after tooth extraction in sites preserved either with DBBM or DBBM-C, but no significant differences were encountered between treatment groups. On the other hand, the histomorphometric analysis resulted in a similar composition in terms of new bone formation, non-mineralized connective tissue and residual graft particles in both treatment groups. From the above mentioned research projects it may be concluded that there is no consensus on which graft material offers the best outcomes from an histological point of view. More specifically, the results of the randomized clinical trial suggest that there are no statistically significant differences between DBBM and DBBM-C neither in height and width reduction of the alveolar ridge nor in their histological composition after a healing period of 5 months.
El objetivo final de este proyecto de tesis doctoral era conocer mejor el comportamiento de distintos materiales de injerto en la técnica de preservación alveolar. Hay evidencia de que, después de la extracción dental, comienza un proceso de cicatrización durante el cual el coágulo sanguíneo es progresivamente reemplazado por hueso nuevo. Además, se produce una reducción en altura y anchura de la cresta alveolar, que puede a su vez dar lugar a una disponibilidad ósea limitada pudiendo comprometer la posterior colocación de implantes. Por este motivo, se ha propuesto la introducción de distintos materiales de injerto en el alveolo postextracción. La literatura científica sugiere que los procedimientos de preservación alveolar minimizan estas alteraciones dimensionales de la cresta en sentido horizontal y vertical . Desde un punto de vista histológico, múltiples estudios han evaluado la composición histológica de áreas donde previamente se había realizado una preservación alveolar para determinar la cantidad y calidad del hueso nuevo formado. Como el beneficio adicional a nivel histológico de la preservación alveolar con distintos materiales de injerto respecto a la cicatrización natural del alveolo postextracción no se conocía, realizamos una revisión sistemática para responder esta cuestión. El sulfato de calcio, la hidroxiapatita enriquecida con magnesio (MHA) y los xenoinjertos de origen porcino resultaron en un porcentaje de hueso nuevo formado significativamente mayor que las áreas control. Otros estudios que utilizaron autoinjertos, aloinjertos o biovidrios no observaron diferencias significativas entre grupos. Sin embargo, debido a la gran variabilidad de los estudios incluídos, no se pudieron sacar conclusiones definitivas. El injerto bovino desproteneizado (DBBM) y el injerto bovino desproteneizado en una matriz de colágeno (DBBM-C) han sido ampliamente utilizados en terapias regenerativas y, particularmente, en preservación alveolar aunque aún no se han analizado las posibles diferencias entre ambos materiales. Por eso se realizó un ensayo clínico randomizado a doble ciego comparando DBBM y DBBM-C en preservación alveolar. Cinco meses después de la extracción, se observó una reducción en anchura y altura de la cresta alveolar en ambos grupos de tratamiento, pero no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ambos. Por otro lado, el análisis histomorfométrico demostró una composición histológica similar en áreas tratadas con DBBM y áreas tratadas con DBBM-C. De los estudios mencionados previamente, se puede concluir que no hay un consenso sobre qué material de injerto ofrece los mejores resultados en cuanto a composición histológica. Particularmente, los resultados del ensayo clínico randomizado sugieren que no existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre DBBM y DBBM-C en cuanto a cambios dimensionales ni en cuanto a composición histológica 5 meses después de realizar la preservación alveolar.

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39

Catharino, Priscilla Campanatti Chibebe. "Monitoramento histológico, histomorfométrico e radiográfico da cicatrização óssea ao redor de mini-parafusos ortodônticos autoperfurantes, submetidos ou não à aplicação de carga imediata, em tíbias de coelhos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23151/tde-11092012-112054/.

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Mini-implantes ortodônticos são acessórios de ancoragem esquelética. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a cicatrização óssea inicial ao redor dos mini-implantes, esterilizados pelos pesquisadores, submetidos ou não à aplicação de carga imediata. Foram inseridos 144 mini-implantes autoperfurantes (TOMAS®, Dentaurum, Germany) nas tíbias de dezoito coelhos brancos. Carga imediata (50 cN) foi aplicada sobre 50% dos mini-implantes. Quatro coelhos foram sacrificados em cada tempo pós-cirúrgico: dias 15, 21, 30 e 60, e dois no dia 0, constituindo grupo controle. Radiografias digitais foram obtidas para mensuração da espessura da cortical óssea (ECO), contíguo aos mini-implantes e equidistante deles. Nas imagens digitais das lâminas histológicas, realizou-se análise histológica e histomorfométrica. Quantidade de osso (QO), contato osso-implante (BIC) e ECO foram analisados pelos testes t-pareado, ANOVA e coeficiente de correlação de Pearson. Aos 0 e 15 dias haviam áreas de fraturas da borda da cortical. Após 30 dias houve deposição de osso imaturo, que se apresentou maduro aos 60 dias. QO foi maior com carga aos 15 dias (p = 0,034); e aumentou ao longo da cicatrização, nos grupos com (p =0,004) e sem carga (p<0,001). Carga não afetou BIC; os valores aumentaram no decorrer do tempo, nos grupos com (p<0,001) e sem carga (p=0,001). ECO aumentou em todas as regiões (p<0,001). ECO próximo aos miniimplantes foi maior que no ponto médio, exceto aos 15 dias sem carga (p = 0.077). Concluiu-se que carga imediata leve não comprometeu a cicatrização óssea ao redor dos mini-implantes. Ósseointegração e o aumento da espessura da cortical óssea foram tempo-dependentes.
Mini-implants are attachments for orthodontic anchorage. This study aimed to describe the initial bone healing around mini-implants sterilized by the researchers, submitted or not to application of immediate loading. Were inserted 144 self-drilling mini-implants(TOMAS®, Dentaurum, Germany) in the tibia of eighteen white rabbits. Immediate loading (50 cN) was applied to 50% of mini-implants. The animals were sacrificed at each time post-surgery: day 15, 21, 30 and 60, and two on day 0, being the control group. Digital radiographs were obtained to measure the thickness of cortical bone (ECO), adjacent to mini-implants and equidistant from them. In digital pictures from histological slides histology and histomorphometry was analyzed. Amount of bone (QO), bone-implant contact (BIC) and ECO were analyzed by paired t-test, ANOVA and coefficient of Pearson correlation. At 0 and 15 days had shear areas. After 30 days there was deposition of immature bone, which appeared mature at 60 days. QO load was greater at 15 days (p = 0.034), and increased over healing in load (p = 0.004) and unloaded groups (p <0.001). Load affected BIC, the values increased over time in groups with load (p <0.001) and unloaded (p = 0.001). ECO increased in all regions (p <0.001). ECO near the mini-implants was greater than at midpoint, except for 15 days without load (p = 0,077). It was concluded that light immediate loading did not affect bone healing around the mini-implants. Osseointegration and increased cortical bone thickness were time-dependent.

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40

Soost, Frank. "Validierung des Knochenumbaus von Knochenersatzmaterialien in der Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie." Doctoral thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=962274135.

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41

Sehn, Felipe Perraro. "Influência da associação de osso bovino mineral com osso alógeno fresco congelado em enxertos para levantamento de seio maxilar. Estudo clínico, histológico e histomorfométrico em humanos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/58/58136/tde-13062014-162825/.

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O osso alógeno fresco congelado e o Bio-Oss® (OBM) são materiais conhecidos como substitutos ao osso autógeno em cirurgias de levantamento de seio maxilar. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar clínica, histológica e histomorfometricamente o processo de reparo de enxertos alógenos com e sem a utilização de OBM, utilizados em técnicas de levantamento de seio maxilar em humanos. Neste estudo do tipo prospectivo, randomizado, tipo série de casos, comparativo, foram operados 34 seios maxilares de pacientes de ambos os sexos, que apresentavam um rebordo ósseo residual com altura máxima de 5 mm na região de seios maxilares para reconstrução em altura para cirurgias de levantamento de seio maxilar prévia à reabilitação por implantes. Os pacientes foram divididos em a) Grupo Controle: Dezessete (17) seios maxilares enxertados somente com a utilização de osso alógeno e b) Grupo Teste: 17 seios maxilares reabilitados com osso alógeno e OBM, na proporção de 2:1. Seis meses após a enxertia, no momento da instalação dos implantes, amostras ósseas foram coletadas por meio de trefinas para análise histológica e histomorfométrica. Os dados da investigação foram submetidos ao teste t de Student para amostras independentes empregado para comparações entre os dois grupos, Mann-Whitney e testes de correlação foram aplicados. 29 pacientes com uma média de idade de 51,32 anos (± 6,44), foram divididos em grupos controle (17) e teste (12), sendo 34 seios avaliados no total. Não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos com relação à idade (p = 0,23) e ao gênero (p = 0,56). Mediana do torque de inserção dos implantes foi de 32N para o grupo controle, e 45N para o grupo teste (p < 0,0001). Taxa de sucesso no grupo controle foi de 93,02% e 100% no grupo teste. Análise histológica apresentou no grupo controle osso alógeno residual com lacunas osteocíticas vazias e padrão lamelar; osso neoformado com lacunas osteocíticas com osteócitos viáveis e padrão imaturo; osteoblastos em íntimo contato matriz osteóide, formando pontes entre os blocos de osso alógeno e osso neoformado; osteoclastos em proximidade às áreas remodelação óssea; ausência de sinais de infiltrado inflamatório; tecido conjuntivo; e no grupo teste, todos os ítens acima e osso bovino mineral. Histomorfometria: material enxertado remanescente (p = 0,74); osso alógeno remanescente (35.78% ± 6.21% grupo controle, 19.72% ± 10.42% grupo teste; p < 0,0001); OBM remanescente no grupo teste (14,78% ± 8,67); osso neoformado (11.94% ± 1.71% grupo controle, 25.79% ± 8.76% grupo teste; p < 0,001); osso total (47.72% ± 5.6% grupo controle, 58.96% ± 8.1% grupo teste; p < 0,001); tecido conjuntivo (52.27% ± 5.6% grupo controle, 41.45% ± 8.4% grupo teste; p < 0,01). Adicionar OBM ao osso alógeno em cirurgias de levantamento de seio maxilar mostrou-se uma técnica de enxertia eficaz para a instalação de implantes. Resultou em maior torque de inserção, porcentagens maiores de osso neoformado e osso total, permitindo a instalação de implantes e reabilitação protética funcional.
Allograft fresh frozen bone and Bio-Oss are knows as autogenous bone materials substitutes in maxillary sinus lifting. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical, histological and histomorphometrically the process of repair with and without the association of BBM in maxillary sinus augmentation. In this prospective, randomized, comparative case series study, 34 maxillary sinuses were augmented, which had a residual bone ridge with a maximum height of 5 mm in maxillary sinus reconstruction region at the time for surgery of maxillary sinus prior to rehabilitation by implants. Patients were divided into a) control group: seventeen (17) grafted maxillary sinuses with only allograft bone and b) test group: 17 maxillary sinuses rehabilitated with allograft bone and BBM in a 2:1 ratio. Six months after grafting, at time of implant placement, bone samples were collected using a trephine burr for histological and histomorphometrical analysis. The research data were subjected to Student\'s t test for independent samples used for comparisons between two groups, Mann - Whitney and correlation tests were applied. 29 patients with a mean age of 51.32 years (± 6.44), were divided into control group (17) and test (12), with 34 maxillary sinuses evaluated in total. There was no statistical difference between the groups regarding to age (p = 0.23) and gender (p = 0.56). Median insertion torque of the implants was 32N for the control group and 45N for the test group (p < 0.0001). Survival rate in the control group was 93.02% and 100% in the test group. Histological analysis showed, at the control group, residual allograft bone with empty osteocytic lacunae and lamellar pattern; newly formed bone with osteocytic lacunae with viable osteocytes and immature pattern; osteoblasts in close contact with osteoid matrix, forming bridges between the blocks of allograft bone and new bone formation; osteoclasts in bone remodeling surrounding areas; no evidence of inflammatory infiltrate; connective tissue; and in the test group, all the items above and bovine bone mineral. Histomorphometry: graft remaining material (p = 0.74); remaining allogenous bone (35.78% ± 06.21% control group, 19.72% ± 10:42% test group, p < 0.0001); BBM remaining in the test group (14.78% ± 8.67); newly formed bone (11.94% ± 1.71% control group, 25.79% ± 8.76% test group, p < 0.001); total bone (47.72% ± 5.6% control group, 58.96% ± 8.1% test group, p < 0.001); connective tissue (52.27% ± 5.6% control group, 41.45% ± 8.4% test group, p < 0.01). Adding bovine bone mineral to allogenous bone in maxillary sinus surgery proved to be an effective technique of grafting for implant placement. It resulted in higher insertion torque, higher percentages of new bone formation and total bone, allowing installation of implants and functional loading.

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Chin, Veronica Kei Len. "Avaliação histológica da reparação óssea em defeitos bicorticais no ângulo de mandíbula de ratos geneticamente hipertensos e de seus controles Wistar-Kyoto." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23149/tde-21012009-145427/.

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A presença da hipertensão arterial pode comprometer a qualidade da reparação óssea, pois a doença é caracterizada por alterações fisiopatológicas vasculares e do metabolismo mineral. Com o objetivo de avaliar a neoformação e o remodelamento ósseo, este trabalho investigou o processo da reparação óssea em ratos geneticamente hipertensos (SHR) e de seus controles Wistar-Kyoto (WKY). Defeitos bicorticais de 2mm de diâmetro no lado direito e de 5mm no lado esquerdo, foram realizados com trefinas na região do ângulo de mandíbula. Os animais, divididos em grupos de cinco indivíduos cada, foram sacrificados após 2, 3, 5, 10, 15, 30, 60 e 90 dias pós-operatórios; as mandíbulas foram removidas, fixadas em formol a 10%, descalcificadas em ácido fórmico a 20%, incluídas em parafina e as secções histológicas, de 7m de espessura, coradas com hematoxilina e eosina. As imagens foram capturadas com aumento de 40x e a área do defeito mensurada pelo programa de histometria digital Image J versão 1.4. A análise estatística revelou que não houve diferença significante na comparação entre as linhagens WKY e SHR (p = 0,884), independente dos períodos ou lados avaliados; entre períodos, nas linhagens WKY (p = 0,101) e SHR (p = 0,479), independente dos lados avaliados; entre períodos por linhagens no lado direito; e entre linhagens por lados, esquerdo com p = 0,466 e direito com p = 0,689, independente do fator período. Houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre o lado esquerdo e o direito (p < 0,001), independente das linhagens e períodos avaliados; entre os lados por linhagens, WKY e SHR, ambas com p < 0,001; entre períodos por linhagens no lado esquerdo, no qual o grupo WKY de 15 dias apresentou área menor que o grupo WKY de 60 dias e o grupo SHR de 10 dias, e o grupo WKY de 60 dias apresentou área maior que o grupo SHR de 30 dias e SHR de 60 dias. Apesar das alterações encontradas no lado esquerdo, que podem ser atribuídas à remodelação funcional do osso da mandíbula, não houve diferenças significantes na reparação do defeito de 5mm e de 2mm entre ratos espontaneamente hipertensos e de seus controles Wistar-Kyoto.
Arterial hypertension may affect the quality of bone repair because this disease is characterized by physiopathological vascular and bone metabolism changes. With the objective of evaluating the bone neoformation and remodeling, this study investigated the process of bone repair in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and their match controls Wistar-Kyoto (WKY). Through-in-through defects were done with trephine burs in the mandibular angle area, of 2mm diameter on the right side and 5mm diameter on the left side. The animals were divided into groups of five individuals each one and killed after 2, 3, 5, 10, 15, 30, 60 and 90 postoperative days; the mandibles were removed, fixed in 10% formalin solution, decalcified with 20% formic acid, and embedded in paraffin; the histological sections of 7m thickness were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The images were captured with 40x magnification and the defect area was measured by the image processing program Image J version 1.4. The statistical analysis showed that there is no significant difference in the comparison of WKY and SHR strains (p = 0,884), independent of periods or sides; among periods, in the WKY strain (p = 0,101) and SHR one (p = 0,479), independent of sides; among periods by strains on the right side; and among strains by sides, left side with p = 0,466 and right side with p = 0,689, independent of periods. There is a significant difference between left and right side (p < 0,001), independent of strains and periods; between sides by strains, WKY and SHR, both with p < 0,001; among periods by strains on the left side, which WKY 15 days group showed an area smaller than WKY 60 days and SHR 10 days groups, and WKY 60 days group showed an area bigger than SHR 30 days and SHR 60 days groups. Despite the changes founded on the left side that could be attributed to the functional remodeling of the mandibular bone, there were no differences in the bone repair of 5mm and 2mm diameter defects between spontaneously hypertensive rats and their match controls Wistar-Kyoto.

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43

Stein, Koen [Verfasser]. "Long bone histology of basalmost and derived Sauropodomorpha: the convergence of fibrolamellar bone and the evolution of giantism and nanism / Koen Stein. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1018829806/34.

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Saxena, Anita. "Histological techniques for estimating age at death from human bone : an Indian case study." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363129.

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Berteau, Jean-Philippe. "Caractérisation multimodale des propriétés biomécaniques de l'os cortical de l'enfant au cours de la croissance." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX22120.

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L'os humain adulte est le résultat d'un processus de maturation multi échelle complexe et multifactoriel. Concernant la croissance de l'os de l'enfant, les données quantitatives issues de la littérature sont peu nombreuses et souvent discutables. Une caractérisation multimodale de ce matériau (acoustique, mécanique, histologique, biochimique et par l'imagerie) permet de traduire quantitativement les différences observées en pratique clinique avec l'os adulte. Cette étude propose de déterminer les paramètres biomécaniques de l'os cortical au cours de la croissance par une approche multimodale. Différents types d’échantillons ont été utilisés, os long (fibula), os plats (côtes issus de la cage thoracique des patients scoliotiques) en provenance de service de chirurgie orthopédique. Des résultats originaux ont été obtenus, avec des lois reliant les données à différentes échelles. Les résultats ont permis d’infirmer des hypothèses concernant la déminéralisation osseuse dans le cadre des études sur la scoliose idiopathique chez l’enfant, et l’obtention de nouvelles données concernant l’os cortical au cours de la croissance
Human bone is the result of a multiscale maturation process determined by several factors. Concerning the bone growth, few quantitative data are available in literature and their validity is questionable. A multimodal method (acoustical, mechanical, histological, biochemical and using imagery) characterizing the bone matrix leads to quantify the differences between adult and children based on clinical observations. The goal of this study is to quantify the biomechanical properties of cortical bone during growth by using a multimodal method. Several kinds of samples have been characterized, on one hand from long bone (fibula) and on the other hand from flat bone (extracted from the scoliotic rib hump). Original results have been found with law linking multiscale data. These results weak the hypothesis of bone demineralization in idiopathic adolescent scoliosis and provide new data concerning cortical bone during growth process

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Afzal, Faiza. "The role of nitric oxide in the control of osteoblast metabolism and maintenance of bone integrity." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271576.

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Maggiano, Corey Michael. "Histomorphometry of Humeral Primary Bone: Evaluating the Endosteal Lamellar Pocket as an Indicator of Modeling Drift in Archaeological and Modern Skeletal Samples." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1338414475.

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Florencio-Silva, Rinaldo [UNIFESP]. "Efeitos das isoflavonas da soja associadas à vibração mecânica de baixa intensidade no tecido ósseo de ratas osteopênicas." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2011. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/9410.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:49:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-01-26
Introdução: É sabido que tanto as isoflavonas da soja (ISO) e a vibração mecânica de baixa intensidade e alta freqüência (VIB) possuem efeitos protetores no tecido ósseo de ratas ooforectomizadas (OVX). Objetivos: estudar os efeitos dos tratamentos com ISO e VIB isolados e combinados no tecido ósseo de ratas OVX. Métodos: 50 ratas Wistar com 6 meses de idade foram SHAM operadas ou OVX e após três meses, divididas em 5 grupos: SHAM; OVX; OVX tratadas diariamente por gavage com 200mg/kg de ISO por 90 dias consecutivos (OVX-ISO); OVX tratadas com VIB, 20 min./dia, 30 Hz, 0.6g, 5 dias por semana por 90 dias (OVX-VIB) e OVX tratadas com ISO e VIB (OVX-ISO+VIB). Após o tratamento, os fêmures e tíbias foram coletados e seus comprimento e espessura foram medidos. Os fêmures foram processados para histomorfometria e aos métodos histoquímicos, bioquímico e do TUNEL. As tíbias foram congeladas e destinadas para testes físicos e biomecânicos. Resultados: Os tratamentos não exerceram efeitos significantes no peso corporal e nas medidas de comprimento e espessura, exceto na espessura das tíbias dos grupos OVX-ISO e OVX-ISO+VIB que foi significantemente maior comparado ao grupo SHAM. Os testes físicos mostraram que o peso imerso, a porcentagem de material orgânico e a densidade óssea foram maiores nos grupos SHAM, OVX-VIB e OVX-ISO+VIB quando comparados aos outros grupos, enquanto que o volume ósseo, a densidade mineral óssea, porc entagem de material mineral e o peso das cinzas foram maiores nos grupos OVX e OVX-ISO do que nos outros grupos e não houve diferenças significantes nos parâmetros biomecânicos analisados entre os grupos. Nos fêmures, os tratamentos não exerceram efeitos significantes no volume ósseo trabecular, porém, o tratamento combinado exerceu efeitos positivos no osso cortical. Os tratamentos tiveram efeitos positivos em relação à quantidade e na organização das fibras colágenas e esse efeito foi mais expressivo no grupo OVX-ISO+VIB. O método do TUNEL não detectou diferenças nas células TUNEL-positivas entre os grupos. Conclusão: Esses resultados demonstram que o tratamento combinado (ISO+VIB) exerce maior efeito nos constituintes do tecido ósseo de ratas ooforectomizadas osteopênicas, quando comparado aos tratamentos isolados.
Introduction: It has been shown that both soy isoflavones (ISO) and low intensity high frequency mechanical vibration (VIB) have protective effects in bone tissue of ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Objective: We investigated whether combined treatments with ISO and VIB would exhibit cooperative effects in bone tissue of OVX rats. Methods: Fifty female Wistar rats at the age of 6 months were either sham-operated or OVX. After operation, the rats were divided in five groups: SHAM; OVX; OVX treated daily by gavage with 200mg/kg/body weight of ISO for 90 days (OVX-ISO); OVX treated with VIB, 20 min./day, at 60 Hz, 0.5g, 5 days/ week for 90 days (OVX-VIB) and OVX treated with ISO and VIB (OVX-ISO+VIB). After treatment, the femurs and tibias were collected and its length and thickness were measured. The femurs were then processed for histomorphometry, histochemistry and biochemical assay. The tibias were frozen for subsequent physical and mechanical tests. Results: Treatments did not have significant effects on body weight and in the bone measurements, except in the tibial thickness of the OVX-ISO and OVX-ISO+VIB groups that was significant higher than the SHAM group. Physical tests showed that the immersed weight, content of organic material and bone density were higher in the SHAM, OVX-VIB and OVX-ISO+VIB groups than the other groups, while the bone volume, bone mineral density, mineral material and the ash weight were higher in the OVX and OVX-ISO groups than the other groups and there were no significant differences in the mechanical tests among the groups. Treatment did not have significant effects in the trabecular bone volume, but it was not detected cortical bone loss in the group treated with the combined therapy. The treatments showed positive effects in the content of glycosaminoglycans, as well as in the organization of collagen fibers and these effects was higher in the OVX-ISO+VIB group. The TUNEL-positive cell profile was similar among the groups. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that the combined treatment (ISO+VIB) have better effects in the bone tissue constituents of ovariectomized osteopenic rats, when compared with the treatments isolated.
TEDE
BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações

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Nart, Molina José. "Estudio Prospectivo Comparativo de la Eficacia en el Aumento Horizontal de Crestas Alveolares Atróficas con Regeneración Ósea Guiada y Expansores Motorizados de Cresta." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/9340.

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The purpose of this prospective, randomized, controlled clinical investigation is to evaluate the performance of the Motorized Ridge Expanders (MRE), and to compare its results with the ones achieved utilizing lateral ridge augmentation (LRA). Eight subjects with bilateral ridge deformities were selected. One technique was used on the right site and the other on the left site. Implants were placed six months after the bone augmentation procedures. All the measurements were recorded at 2 and 5 mm from the most coronal part of the crest. The augmentation achieved with both techniques was statistically significant, 1.2 mm in the LRA, 1.5 mm in MRE at 2 mm from the crest; 1.5 mm and 1.6 mm respectively at 5mm from the crest. The differences between the two techniques were statistically insignificant. The amount of expansion achieved in the MRE site appears to be negatively correlated (P-Value <0.05) with the thickness of the cancellous bone, and it is not affected by the thickness of the cortical plate. The MRE technique appears to be as effective as the LRA technique in augmenting the thickness of atrophic ridges. The defect treated with the MRE showed less bone width contraction during the first 6 months of healing. Histologically, the regenerated bone was vital, trabecular in nature and in direct contact with bone graft particles.
El propósito de esta investigación clínica prospectiva y aleatoria es comparar el aumento horizontal de la cresta alveolar obtenido con el uso de los expansores motorizados de cresta (EMC) y con regeneración ósea guiada (ROG). Fueron selecccionados ocho pacientes con deformidades horizontales del reborde alveolar bilaterales que iban a recibir implantes dentales. Una técnica de regeneración se utilizó en el lado derecho y la otra en el lado izquierdo, para un total de 23 muestras, 13 en el lado experimental (EMC) y 10 en el lado control (ROG). Los implantes fueron colocados seis meses después de los procedimientos de aumento óseo, y se obtuvo una muestra de hueso para estudio histológico. Todas las mediciones clínicas se registraron a los 2 y 5 mm de la parte más coronal de la cresta. El aumento logrado con ambas técnicas fue estadísticamente significativo, de 1,2 mm en la ROG y 1,5 mm con los EMC a 2 mm de la cresta; y 1,5 mm y 1,6 mm, respectivamente, a 5mm de la cresta. Las diferencias entre las dos técnicas no fueron estadísticamente significativas. La cantidad de expansión lograda en el sitio de los EMC parece tener una correlación negativa (p <0,05) con el grosor del hueso esponjoso, y no se ve afectada por el grosor de la cortical. Histológicamente se observó osteoconductividad del injerto óseo y más partículas residuales del mismo en el lado experimental. La técnica de los EMC parece ser tan eficaz como la técnica de ROG en el aumento de la anchura de las crestas atróficas. Los defectos tratados con los EMC mostraron una menor contracción del injerto óseo durante los 6 meses de cicatrización.
El propòsit d'aquesta recerca clínica prospectiva i aleatòria és comparar l'augment horitzontal de la cresta alveolar obtingut amb l'ús dels expansors motoritzats de cresta (EMC) i amb regeneració òssia
guiada (ROG). Es van selecccionar vuit pacients amb deformitats horitzontals bilaterals de la cresta alveolar on es col.locaren implants dentals. Una tècnica de regeneració es va emprar en el costat dret i l'altra a la banda esquerra, per a un total de 23 mostres, 13 al costat experimental (EMC) i 10 en el costat control (ROG). Els implants van ser col.locats sis mesos després dels procediments d'augment ossi, i es va obtenir una mostra d'os per estudi histològic.Totes les mesures clíniques es van registrar als 2 i 5 mm de la part més coronal de la cresta. L'augment aconseguit amb ambdues tècniques va ser estadísticament significatiu, de 1,2 mm a la ROG i 1,5 mm amb els EMC a 2 mm de la carena, i 1,5 mm i 1,6 mm, respectivament, a 5mm de la cresta. Les diferències entre les dues
tècniques no van ser estadísticament significatives. La quantitat d'expansió aconseguida en el lloc dels EMC sembla tenir una correlació negativa (p<0,05) amb el gruix de l'os esponjós, i no es veu afectada per el gruix de la cortical. Histològicament es observar osteoconductividad l'empelt ossi i més partícules residuals d'aquest en el costat experimental. La tècnica dels EMC sembla ser tan eficaç com la tècnica de ROG en l'augment de l'amplada de les crestes atròfiques. Els defectes tractats amb els EMC mostrar una menor contracció de l'empelt ossi durant els 6 mesos de cicatrització.

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Pereira, Marcos Alexandre da Franca. "Descompressão dos segmentos timpânico e labiríntico do nervo facial via fossa craniana média." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5143/tde-02052016-090526/.

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Abstract:

Introdução: A paralisia facial periférica caracteriza-se pela interrupção, definitiva ou temporária, do funcionamento da musculatura facial. Decorre de lesão ou mau funcionamento das fibras do nervo facial. É uma enfermidade que causa enorme impacto estético e funcional. O topodiagnóstico e o tratamento da paralisia facial periférica pode requer abordagem médica e fonoaudiológica; ser exclusivamente medicamentoso ou associado à terapia de reabilitação, ou ainda, medicamentoso e cirúrgico, seguido da reabilitação da mímica facial. A via FCM tem sido usada para a descompressão do NF quando a audição precisa ser preservada. Esse acesso pode ser realizado de forma isolada, ou combinado à via transmastóidea. Objetivo: Descrever uma técnica inovadora para a descompressão do nervo facial via fossa craniana média que permite a exposição direta dos segmentos labiríntico e timpânico do nervo facial, com a preservação da função da orelha interna. Métodos: Vinte cabeças extraídas de cadáveres adultos de ambos os gêneros, sem sinais de malformação, traumatismo, doença ou manipulação cirúrgica prévia foram usados neste estudo. Os pontos de referência utilizados foram a artéria meníngea média, o nevo petroso superficial maior, a eminência arqueada, o seio petroso superior, e o plano meatal seguido no ápice petroso a partir da sua porção mais anterior e medial. Foi feita a dissecação do plano meatal, com visualização do meato acústico interno, seguido no ápice petroso a partir da sua porção mais anterior e medial até a região do gânglio geniculado. Foi aberto o tégmen timpânico e identificada a porção timpânica do nervo facial. A dissecação seguiu no sentido retrógrado da porção timpânica do nervo facial em direção ao gânglio geniculado, até a sua porção labiríntica. A aracnoide do meato acústico interno era aberta, e depois de identificado o nervo facial, a bainha deste nervo era aberta em extensão exposta. Resultados: As distâncias médias, entre o canal semicircular lateral e a porção média do cabo do martelo eram similares em ambos os lados (4,0mm±0,5mm). As distâncias médias, da porção timpânica do nervo facial até metade do cabo do martelo foram determinadas e resultaram em 2,0mm ± 0,44mm, e em 2,2mm ± 0,48mm para os lados direito e esquerdo, respectivamente. O segmento timpânico do nervo facial apresentou, em média, comprimento total de 11mm ± 0,67mm para o lado direito, e 11,5mm±0,60mm para o esquerdo. Os comprimentos longitudinais da janela óssea confeccionada no tégmen timpânico foram, em média, 16,8mm±1,67mm para o lado direito, e 16,8mm ± 1,20mm para o lado esquerdo. Já os comprimentos transversais da janela óssea confeccionada no tégmen timpânico foram, em média, 5,5mm ± 1,20mm e 5,0mm ± 1,75mm para os lados direito e esquerdo, respectivamente. O valor médio da área elíptica formada pelos comprimentos longitudinal e transversal da janela óssea confeccionada no tégmen timpânico foram 72,5mm2 ± 22,5mm2 à direita, e 65,9mm2 ± 30,3mm2 à esquerda. Conclusão: A técnica proposta pode ser utilizada para a cirurgia de descompressão do nervo facial via fossa craniana média, pois permite acesso aos segmentos timpânico, labiríntico e metal desse nervo, sem impor risco à audição. Pela possibilidade de acessar a porção timpânica do nervo, sem a necessidade da abertura da mastoide, o procedimento permite que se reduza o tempo cirúrgico e os riscos aos pacientes
Background: Peripheral facial palsy is characterized by the permanent or temporary interruption of the functioning of the facial muscles. The middle cranial fossa (MCF) approach has been used for the decompression of the facial nerve (FN) when hearing needs to be preserved. In this work, we describe an innovative technique for the decompression of the FN through the MCF approach that allows the direct exposure of the labyrinthine and entire tympanic segment of the FN, with the preservation of inner ear function. Methods: Twenty cadavers heads were used in this study. The reference landmarks used were the middle meningeal artery, the greater superficial petrosal nerve, the arcuate eminence, the inferior petrosal sinus and the meatal plane following the petrous apex from its most anterior and medial portion. Results: The tympanic segment of the FN presented, on average, a total length of 11 ± 0.67mm to the right, and 11.5 ± 0.60mm to the left. The longitudinal lengths of bone window in the tegmen tympani were 16.8±1.67mm to the right, and 16.8 ± 1.20mm to the left. The cross-sectional lengths of the bone window in the tegmen tympani were 5.5 ± 1.20mm and 5.0±1.75mm to the right and left sides, respectively. The average value of elliptical area formed by the longitudinal and transversal lengths of the bone window made in the tegmen tympani were 72.5 ± 22.5mm2 to the right, and 65.9 ± 30.3mm2 to the left. Conclusion: The proposed technique can be used for the surgical decompression of the tympanic, labyrinthine and meatal segments of the FN through the MCF, without imposing a risk to hearing, in addition to reducing the surgical time and the risk to patients

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Bones Histology'

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