Journal articles on the topic 'Bones – Cytology'
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1
Paudel, S., P. Kayastha, P. Pokhrel, A. Shah, RK Ghimire, and MA Ansari. "Giant cell tumor of patella." Journal of Institute of Medicine Nepal 34, no. 3 (October 13, 2013): 58–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jiom.v34i3.8920.
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Giant cell tumor of bone also known as osteoclastoma is a distinct clinical, roentgenographic and pathologic entity with specific characteristics. It is a benign but locally aggressive neoplasm of the epiphyseal or metaphyseal-epiphyseal region of long tubular bones extending to the articular surface. It usually occurs after skeletal maturation and is one of the rare bone tumors that more frequently affects women. We report here a case of giant cell tumor originating from the right patella diagnosed on ne needle aspiration cytology. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/joim.v34i3.8920 Journal of Institute of Medicine, December, 2012; 34:58-60
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Chandra, Smita, Neeti Puri, Meena Harsh, and Anil Kumar Juyal. "Cytological diagnosis of osteoblastoma of the talus: Case report with unusual presentation and diagnostic pitfalls." CytoJournal 15 (August 27, 2018): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/cytojournal.cytojournal_39_17.
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Osteoblastoma is a rare bone tumor mostly affecting the young adults and commonly involving the spinal cord and long bones. Talus is the uncommon site of presentation, and if involved, then the neck is more commonly involved than the body of talus. The cytological diagnosis of osteoblastoma is limited, and to the best of our knowledge, its fine-needle aspiration (FNA) in the talus has still not been reported in the literature. The present case of osteoblastoma is, therefore, being reported due to the unusual presentation in elderly male in the body of talus and showing extensive involvement on X-ray. The case was initially diagnosed on FNA cytology excluding the possibility of giant-cell tumor and osteosarcoma. The case also highlights the importance of vigilant observation of subtle cytological features of this rare tumor which may be helpful in avoiding diagnostic pitfalls, especially at an uncommon site and with unusual presentation. An early precise diagnosis by cytology may be followed by appropriate treatment and thus avoiding any further complications.
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Patel, Rushin P., Shakti Goel, and Pankaj R. Patel. "Aneurysmal Bone Cyst of Clavicle in a Six-Year-Old Male Child." Journal of Medical Research and Innovation 1, no. 3 (July 16, 2017): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15419/jmri.80.
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Aneurysmal Bone Cyst (ABCs) is a cystic expansile lesion which is usually found in solitary locations in the metaphysis of long bones. The most common locations of ABC are long bones of lower limbs. There is little knowledge about the presence of this tumor in Clavicle. Here we present a case of a six year old male child who presented with complaint of swelling in left shoulder for four months. There was a dilemma in the diagnosis of the swelling due to its unusual presentation and appearance. The Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology was also inconclusive. The diagnosis of ABC was made only by excision biopsy. The Clavicle regenerated to nearly normal anatomy at 15 weeks follow up period. The patient is asymptomatic now and is able to perform all daily activities without any restrictions. The uniqueness of this case lies in the fact that this is the first case where ABC has been reported in Clavicular region in young Asian male of less than 10 years age.
Keywords: ABC, Bone tumor, Expansile lesion.
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Sajid, Ansari, Ahmad Kaleem, Amanullah Md Farid, Dhungel Kanchan, Gupta Mukesh Kumar, and RK Rauiyar. "Paraspinal Extraosseous Ewing's Sarcoma With Disseminated Metastases Masquerading As Pott's Spine." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 12, no. 3 (June 24, 2013): 334–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v12i3.15447.
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A 16 years old girl presented with low back pain, fever and weakness in both lower limbs for 3 months. Plain radiograph shows lytic lesion in first sacral vertebra and multiple lung nodules. In suspicion of tuberculosis, antitubercular drugs were advised. But magnetic resonance imaging revealed right paraspinal soft tissue mass with multiple lesions in several vertebrae causing spinal canal compression alongwith lesions in iliac bones, sacrum, lung parenchyma and scalp tissue. Fine needle aspiration cytology and biopsy revealed Ewings sarcoma. Patient was referred to higher centre for chemotherapy/radiotherapy. Herein we report this rare case of extraosseous Ewings sarcoma with disseminated metastases masquerading as Potts spine. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 12 No. 03 July 13 Page 334-338 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v12i3.15447
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Haque, Md Nizamul, ASM Jahangir Chowdhury, and Md Yusuf Ali. "Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Lacrimal Gland Metastasizing after a Short Followup to Multiple Distant Bones - a Case Report with a Review of the Literature." Faridpur Medical College Journal 10, no. 2 (November 7, 2016): 84–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/fmcj.v10i2.30277.
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Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the lacrimal gland is a rare disease, but it is the most common malignant epithelial tumor of the lacrimal gland, with poor prognosis. ACC of the lacrimal gland is notorious for its slow growth and tendency to recur despite surgical therapy and following radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. This tumor type occasionally metastasize via haematogenous spread to lungs, brain and bone in decreasing order of frequency. When it happens, metastases are always multiple and wide. We report a case of a 28-year young man followed in our Hospital with ACC of right lacrimal gland resected on April 2014 and treated with surgery followed by post-operative radiotherapy (50Gy total dose). After one years of follow-up, Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan reported multiple lytic lesions in distant bones specially to multiple sites of vertebral column. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) confirmed metastasis of ACC. No evidence of other loco-regional or distant metastasis were described. Patient was treated with chemotherapy. After treatment, patient is actually in close follow up.Faridpur Med. Coll. J. Jul 2015;10(2): 84-86
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Zaharopoulos, Paul. "Primary intraosseous (central) salivary gland neoplasms in jaw bones: Report of a mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the mandible diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration cytology." Diagnostic Cytopathology 31, no. 4 (2004): 271–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dc.20114.
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Boukhar, Sarag Aboujafar, Ricky Kaneshiro, Alan Schiller, Keith Terada, and Pamela Tauchi-Nishi. "Tibial bone metastasis as an initial presentation of endometrial carcinoma diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration cytology: A case report and review of the literature." CytoJournal 12 (May 21, 2015): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1742-6413.157507.
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Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy in the United States. However, bony metastasis is infrequent and exceptionally rare as the initial presentation. We report a case of a 77-year-old female with a clinically silent endometrial carcinoma who presented with a left tibial metastasis as the first manifestation of her disease. Ours is only the third case diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology, and the first to detail the cytomorphologic features of metastatic endometrial cancer to bone. These microscopic findings, including three-dimensional cohesive clusters with cellular overlapping and cuboidal to columnar cells exhibiting low nuclear: cytoplasmic ratios and partially vacuolated cytoplasm, differ significantly from those of endometrial carcinoma on a Papanicolaou test. The tumor bore similarity to the more commonly encountered metastatic colon cancer, but immunohistochemical staining enabled reliable distinction between these entities. A review of osseous metastases of endometrial cancer demonstrates a predilection for bones of the lower extremity and pelvis with a predominance of the endometrioid histologic subtype. In about a quarter of the cases, the bony metastasis was the first manifestation of the cancer. FNA was an effective diagnostic modality for this unusual presentation of a common malignancy. Awareness of this entity and its differential diagnosis is essential for accurate and timely diagnosis.
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Khokhlov, A. M., and V. O. Orekhova. "Origin, domestication and dog breeds." Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv 23 (September 9, 2018): 160–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v23.1007.
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Aim. Out of 8 thousand species of mammals, dog is the first domesticated animal. Archaeologists studying the process of human evolution and producing excavations of ancient sites, found the bones of animals, which man ate and also bone remains of animals that lived near the sites. Wolf was the first domesticated animal of primitive tribes. This process began in the Mesolithic era 12–15 thousand years ago. Due to domestication of wolf population many indigenous, transitional and other breeds of dogs appeared. Methods. Using morphological, biochemical and genetic methods of research scientists were able to determine genome and karyotype of wild European wolf and domestic dog. Results. Domestication is a process of historical transformation of wild animals into domesticated ones. Nowadays taking into account genetics research, cytology and special experiments, researchers-cynologists came to the conclusion that only wolf is a direct ancestor of modern dogs. This is confirmed by the fact that wolf and dog have 78 chromosomes and after mating we get fertile litter. The domestication of dogs is a complicated process. While domestication of dogs to the new conditions occurred in captivity, genetic mechanisms well-known to us played an important role – mutation, recombination, hidden reserve of heredity, the direct effect of selection. Conclusions.It was proved by our research that the process of breeding in dogs which appeared as a result of domestication and microevolution of animals was accompanied by specialization and genetic differentiation of dog breeds.
Кeywords: wolf, dog, domestication, karyotype, breed.
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Gelsomino, Francesco, Giuseppe Lamberti, Valentina Ambrosini, Francesca Sperandi, Roberto Agosti, Alessio G. Morganti, and Andrea Ardizzoni. "Metachronous Solitary Metastasis to the Thyroid Gland from Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung: A Case Report and Literature Review." Tumori Journal 103, no. 1_suppl (November 2017): S12—S15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/tj.5000605.
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Introduction Non-small cell lung cancer presents at an advanced stage at diagnosis in two-thirds of cases. The most frequent metastatic sites are the central nervous system, adrenal glands and bones. By contrast, the thyroid gland is an extremely rare site of dissemination. Case description A 64-year-old Caucasian man previously treated with radiosurgery and brain metastasectomy followed by right middle lobectomy for a squamous cell lung carcinoma had a metachronous solitary metastasis to the thyroid gland, as confirmed by fine-needle aspiration cytology and open biopsy. He underwent curative radiotherapy, with an initial response. At 9 months’ follow-up the tumor relapsed both in the thyroid and the lung. Discussion and conclusions Review of the literature confirmed that thyroid metastasis from lung cancer is very uncommon in clinical practice. No data on the role of surgery or curative radiotherapy in thyroid metastasis are available because of the lack of prospective studies addressing the impact on survival of these treatment strategies either alone or in combination. In the case described here, radical treatment with radiotherapy allowed to obtain a modest benefit in terms of relapse-free survival. A diagnosis of metastasis to the thyroid gland should be suspected in patients who present a thyroid nodule or suggestive imaging findings when there is a history of malignancy, including lung cancer. Indeed, an early diagnosis allows to pursue radical treatment that, in selected patients, could lead to long-term survival.
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Tiwari, Neema. "Imprint Cytology - A Primary Diagnostic Tool to Bone Marrow Pathology." Recent Advances in Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 5, no. 1 (May 14, 2019): 6–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2454.8642.201902.
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Rege, J. D., Tanuja Shet, H. V. Sawant, and L. P. Naik. "Cytologic diagnosis of a melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy occurring in the cranial bones." Diagnostic Cytopathology 21, no. 4 (October 1999): 280–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0339(199910)21:4<280::aid-dc10>3.0.co;2-2.
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Shapiro, Steven L., Sean O. McMenomey, Priscilla Alexander, and Waldemar A. Schmidt. "Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Diagnosis of “Invasive” Temporomandibular Joint Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 126, no. 2 (February 1, 2002): 195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2002-126-0195-fnabdo.
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Abstract The clinical and aspiration cytologic details of a case of temporomandibular joint pigmented villonodular synovitis are presented and correlated with imaging, surgical, histopathologic, and clinical follow-up findings; the origin of such lesions is discussed. The lesion originally presented in a 36-year-old, otherwise healthy, white man as a unilateral mass involving the temporal fossa and temporomandibular joint region. The tumor's extent was defined by magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomographic scan; there was destruction of the temporomandibular joint and erosion of the temporal cranial bones by a lesion whose maximum dimensions were estimated by imaging to be 2.75 × 3.25 cm. The lesion was initially sampled and classified by computed tomography–guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Following complete resection, the original diagnosis was confirmed with both hematoxylin-eosin–stained paraffin sections and immunohistochemical staining. The patient remains free of disease 7 years postoperatively.
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Ferguson, Nicole M., Michel Lévy, José A. Ramos-Vara, Debra K. Baird, and Ching Ching Wu. "Hypertrophic Osteopathy Associated with Mycotic Pneumonia in Two Juvenile Elk (Cervus Elaphus)." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 20, no. 6 (November 2008): 849–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063870802000628.
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Two yearling bull elk ( Cervus elaphus) from the same farm developed anorexia, weight loss, and lameness. On physical examination, both elk were thin and showed diffuse swelling of all lower limbs. Radiographs of the lower limbs showed periosteal thickening of the distal extremities, consistent with hypertrophic osteopathy. Thoracic radiographs indicated the presence of pulmonary nodules. Cytologic evaluations of tracheal washes on both elk were consistent with inflammation. Acid-fast stains on both samples were negative. Because of the poor prognosis, both elk were euthanized. At necropsy, the carpal, metacarpal, tarsal, and metatarsal bones, as well as the radius, ulna, and tibia had thickening of cortical bone. There were multiple encapsulated nodules throughout the lungs, lymph nodes, and kidney, and smaller nodules in the myocardium. On microscopic examination, these nodules contained myriads of hyphae, and immunohistochemistry for Aspergillus sp. was strongly positive. Aspergillus fumigatus was isolated from affected tissue in 1 elk. Necropsy findings in both elk were consistent with disseminated fungal granulomas and periosteal hyperostosis. This case presents the first description of hypertrophic osteopathy in elk. The source of infection was undetermined, but inhalation of spores from contaminated feed or bedding was suspected.
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Gilg, Magdalena Maria, Bernadette Liegl, Christine Wibmer, Werner Maurer-Ertl, and Andreas Leithner. "Central low-grade osteosarcoma with an unusual localization in the diaphysis of a 12-year old patient." Radiology and Oncology 47, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/raon-2013-0015.
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Background. Low-grade central osteosarcoma is a very rare subtype of osteosarcoma with a predilection for the metaphysis of long bones and a peak incidence in the 3rd decade of life. Absence of specific clinical symptoms and a good prognosis after wide resection are the characteristics of this entity. Chemotherapy is not indicated in this highly differentiated tumour. Case report. A 12-year old girl presented with limping, swelling and pain in the mid of the left femur. Radiography showed a 12 cm long intraosseous expansion with lamellated periosteal reaction and contrast medium enhancement in MRI. Although radiology led to the differential diagnoses of Ewing’s sarcoma, osteomyelitis and fibrous dysplasia, the histological specimen showed a hyopocellular spindle-cell proliferation arranged in fascicles with mild cytologic atypia and only single mitotic figures. In synopsis with radiology the diagnosis of low-grade central osteosarcoma was made and confirmed by reference pathology. The tumour was resected with wide margins and reconstruction was performed with a vascularized fibula, a homologous allograft and a plate. Staging was negative for recurrence and metastasis at a follow-up of 16 months. Conclusions. Low-grade osteosarcoma accounts for only 1% of all osteosarcomas with a peak incidence in the 3rd decade. The diaphyseal localization and the young age make this case special. To achieve the correct diagnosis of this rare low-grade entity and thereby the adequate treatment, despite a wide range of differential diagnoses, a multidisciplinary approach is essential.
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Solodiannykova, O. I., Ya V. Kmetyuk, V. V. Danylenko, and H. H. Sukach. "Radionuclide monitoring of targeted therapy of iodine-negative differentiated thyroid cancer." Український радіологічний та онкологічний журнал 29, no. 1 (March 29, 2021): 141–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.46879/ukroj.1.2021.141-155.
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Background. Current management of treating iodine-negative metastases of differentiated thyroid cancer has its features. In recent years, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (sorafenib, sunitinib) have been registered and indicated to treat refractory forms of differentiated thyroid cancer in Ukraine. However, there were only few studies dealing with cytologic aspects of predicting radioiodine resistance of papillary thyroid cancer, development of radionuclide monitoring and diagnostic algorithm to detect relapses and metastases in patients with iodine-negative forms of differentiated thyroid cancer. At the same time, scientific and clinical aspects of treatment of radioiodineresistant differentiated thyroid cancer in Ukrainian oncology and radiology are barely studied. Thus, the status of treatment and post-therapeutic monitoring of patients with iodine-negative forms of differentiated thyroid cancer, still remains insufficiently studied and requires further scientific and clinical development.
Purpose – develop a technique of treatment of iodine-negative metastases of differentiated thyroid cancer.
Materials and methods. Thirty-eight patients with iodine-negative metastases of differentiated thyroid cancer were provided with treatment, where in 10 patients the efficiency of treatment was assessed by means of whole body scintigraphy with 99mTc-MIBI, in 10 patients – with 99mTcDMCA. In 10 patients the short-term results of treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors were evaluated by PET with 18F-FDG. Eight patients represented a group where the bones were affected and treatment was provided by means of radionuclide or external-beam radiotherapy. The average age of patients varied from 43 to 76, the median was 57.8 + 3.9; out of those: 24 women, 14 men. Pathohistologically, papillary cancer was diagnosed in 31, follicular – in 5, papillary-follicular – in 2. The studies were performed by means of the two-detector gamma camera manufactured by Mediso (Hungary) and the single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) E. CAM 180, Siemens (Germany). PET/CT were performed on the Biograph-64-TruePoint-Siemens combined tomograph (Germany), according to the guidelines of the European Association of Nuclear Physicians.
Results. Prior to initiating therapy, 10 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer underwent whole body scintigraphy with 99mTc-MIBI and re-examination in three months in order to assess treatment success. After diagnostic examination, the patient was prescribed targeted therapy with Nexavar according to the treatment protocol. Regression of the focus in the lungs was achieved within 70 %. Further monitoring of antitumor treatment success was performed by means of whole body scintigraphy with 99mTc-MIBI. Ten patients, who had PET/CT with 18F-FDG made before treatment, also underwent targeted therapy by means of Nexavar. Diagnostic scanning with 18F-FDG after therapy revealed decreased functional activity of the lesion in the neck, however no decrease in the dimensions of the lesion was observed.
Conclusions. Treatment of iodine-negative metastases of differentiated thyroid cancer by means of tyrosine kinase inhibitors was accompanied by a decreasing number of metastatic foci and reducing level of their functional activity. The studies have confirmed the possibility of applying techniques with non-iodine RP (99mTc-MIBI, 99mTc-DMCA) to assess the effectiveness of treatment of iodine-negative metastases of differentiated thyroid cancer . PET/CT with 18F-FDG is a highly informative technique for assessing the effect of tyrosine kinase inhibitors on the functional activity of metastatic foci according to metabolic scans in treatment of iodine-negative metastases of differentiated thyroid cancer. If there are no positive changes after 3–4 courses, external-beam radiotherapy with total radiation dose of 30–50 Gy is indicated, which is capable of reducing the volume of metastatic foci as well as their metabolic activity. The social and economic significance of the obtained findings have made it possible to improve the overall and recurrence-free survival rates in the working population of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer and reduce the cost of following-up patients with iodine-negative forms of differentiated thyroid cancer.
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Mahajan, Neetin P., Amey Sadar, Prasanna Kumar G S, Ankit Marfatia, Sunny M. Sangma, and Pranay Kondewar. "Giant Cell Tumor (GCT) of the Third Metatarsal in an Elderly Patient: A Rare Case Report." JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC CASE REPORTS 11, no. 3 (March 10, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.13107/jocr.2021.v11.i03.2074.
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Introduction: Giant cell tumour (GCT) is a benign osteolytic, locally aggressive lesion. Seen in young adults at the epiphysis. The most common site is long bones (85-90%). GCT of the metatarsal in elderly patients is very rare. Case Report: A 60-year-old male came with complaints of pain and swelling over right foot dorsal aspect since for the last past one 1 year. There was no history of trauma. X-ray foot showed an osteolytic lesion in the right third metatarsal with thinning of the cortex. MRI and fine-needle aspiration cytology confirmed the diagnosis of GCT. The patient was managed by excision with the 3rd ray amputation. At present, 1.5 years follow-up, the patient is having no pain, difficulty in walking and no evidence of clinical and radiological recurrence . Conclusion: Giant cell tumours could also present at uncommon sites, and they should be considered in the differential diagnosis of lytic lesions of the metatarsals. Excision with ray amputation of the involved metatarsal helps in complete removal of the lesion and helps in early weight-bearing. This is the viable alternative treatment option in managing the metatarsal GCT in elderly patients. Keywords: Giant cell tumour, third metatarsal, ray amputation.
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Singh, Rohan Kumar, PratapSingh Hanuman Parihar, Gaurav Vedprakash Mishra, Rajasbala Pradeep Dhande, and Prerna Anup Patwa. "A case report on aggressive giant cell tumor of greater trochanter: a divergent site." Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine 52, no. 1 (September 15, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s43055-021-00598-8.
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Abstract Background Giant cell tumor is a tumor of benign nature which usually arises in the long bone, but it can also be seen at unusual sites. Only few cases have been reported so far regarding involvement of greater trochanter of the femur as it is a very divergent site for giant cell tumors; our case is one of them. Giant cell tumors are seen in 20–40 years of age in the metaepiphyseal regions of the long bones. If femur has to be involved, it is in the distal end usually. Case presentation We present a case of a 45-year-old female with chief complains of swelling and left hip pain since over a month. Magnetic resonance imaging was done where the location and extent of the tumor was found. What makes this case interesting is that on fine needle aspiration cytology the lesion showed multinucleated giant osteoclasts in the background of osseous matrix of spindle cells suggesting Giant cell tumor. Conclusion It is sometimes tricky to make a diagnosis of these lesions on imaging as the typical features may not be present, and hence, in such circumstances helping the clinicians with additional information like location, extent, margins is of utmost importance.
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Łojszczyk, Anna, Wojciech Łopuszyński, Mateusz Szadkowski, Maciej Orzelski, and Piotr Twardowski. "Aggressive squamous cell carcinoma of the cranium of a dog." BMC Veterinary Research 17, no. 1 (April 6, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12917-021-02843-8.
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Abstract Background The authors report a case of keratinized squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in a 14-year-old dog with extensive cranial bone invasion. To our knowledge, this is the first description of such a case of cranial keratinized SCC with aggressive generalized osteolysis described in a dog. Case presentation The 14-year-old dog was referred for radiological examination with suspicion of head trauma with clinical signs of head deformation, exophthalmos and nasal discharge. The skull radiographs showed a large osteolytic defect of the frontal bone and parietal bone in the region of the external sagittal crest. Findings from the skull CT scan included generalized osteolysis in the region of parietal bone, frontal bones, maxilla on the right side and the nasal bone including the dorsal nasal concha. In the area of bone loss, new soft tissue formation with multifocal foci of mineralization was visible. The ultrasound examination revealed hypoechogenic changes with hyperechoic foci consistent with mineralization and poor vascularization. The brain and ocular structures were without visible changes. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was performed, and squamous cell carcinoma was suspected. After 3 months, the re-presented to the clinic. The dog became progressively listless, his appetite was decreased, and he became acutely blind. Follow-up skull CT scan revealed significant osteolysis, which affected a significant aspect of the cranium. All bone defects had been replaced by new 3.5 cm-thick soft tissue formations with multifocal small 1–2 mm areas of mineralization. There was no evidence of metastasis. Histological examination confirmed the suspicion of squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusions This paper is the first report of cranial SCC in a dog causing extensive bone osteolysis. The lesions in this dog originated from the frontal and parietal bones including frontal sinuses. There are variants of tumors that arise from squamous epithelium or resemble SCC in the skull. These examples include adenosquamous carcinoma and proliferating trichilemmal tumours. In addition, there is possible malignant transformation caused by papilloma viruses. In the veterinary literature, there is only one similar description of adenosquamous carcinoma in a cat with similar clinical manifestations. It is justified to suspect a process of neoplastic epithelial origin in all cases of aggressive and extensive skull bone lysis. This issue should be subject to further investigation.
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Sameer, Dr M. A. "To Evaluate the Role of Bone Marrow Aspiration Cytology in Megaloblastic Anaemia." Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research 5, no. 11 (November 15, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i11.146.
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Mathew, Jeena, Sara Lubitz, and Julie Zaidan. "SUN-928 Adrenal Plasmacytoma in Multiple Myeloma Patient-An Unusual Presentation." Journal of the Endocrine Society 4, Supplement_1 (April 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvaa046.455.
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Abstract Introduction: Extramedullary plasmacytomas are plasma cell tumors that arise outside of the bone marrow. They are solitary lesions, and are most often located in the head and neck region, mainly in the upper aerodigestive tract. However, involvement of adrenal gland is extremely rare, with only nine case reports published to date. A mass in the adrenal gland carries a broad differential, and identification is important, as diagnosis drives treatment options. CT imaging with attenuation, timing of contrast medium washout, size, and shape, with biopsy is necessary for diagnosis of a high Hounsfield unit mass. Ruling out pheochromocytoma before biopsy of the adrenal glands is crucial. Clinical Case: A 64-year-old female was diagnosed with multiple myeloma after presenting with back pain and altered mental status. Imaging revealed diffuse lytic lesions in clavicles, pelvis, calvarium, long bones, ribs, and compression fractures of T8, T10, and T12 vertebral bodies. A 1.5 cm left adrenal nodule was also noted. She was treated with bortezemib, cyclophosphamide, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone, and clinically improved. Four months after initial presentation, patient was to undergo chemotherapy with melphalan and autologous stem cell transplantation. Further imaging was performed, and CT Chest revealed an enlarging left adrenal mass measuring 3.0 x 3.2 cm with increased attenuation at 37 Hounsfield units and lobulated borders with no invasion of adjacent structures. The endocrinology team was consulted for evaluation of the adrenal mass, as patient’s disease from multiple myeloma was presumed to be in remission. Differential for the adrenal mass included pheochromocytoma, primary adrenal carcinoma, and metastatic disease from multiple myeloma vs other primary. Plasma fractionated metanephrines and DHEAS were within normal range. CT guided core biopsy was performed. Cytology revealed diffuse infiltrate of atypical plasma cells. IHC studies were positive for CD138, CD56, and showed lambda light chain restriction. Cyclin D1 stain was negative, consistent with plasmacytoma. Clinically, the patient started developing progressive disease, including cutaneous plasmacytomas, and she was treated with additional chemotherapy. Conclusion: Adrenal plasmacytoma is extremely rare, and in a patient with multiple myeloma, should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a rapidly enlarging adrenal mass with high CT attenuation. CT guided biopsy is the definitive test for diagnosis. References: Li Y., Guo Y.-K., Yang Z.-G., Ma E.-S., Min P.-Q. Extramedullary plasmacytoma involving the bilateral adrenal glands on MR imaging. Korean Journal of Radiology. 2007;8(3):246–248. doi: 10.3348/kjr.2007.8.3.246.
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De Sena, Bruna Voltolin, Leonardo Lima Gorza, Alice Correa Rassele Merísio, Mayra Cunha Flecher, Avila Rodrigues De Oliveira, and Rodrigo Dos Santos Horta. "Solitary Osseous Plasmacytoma of a Lumbar Vertebrae with Systemic Involvement in a Dog." Acta Scientiae Veterinariae 47 (February 22, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.90149.
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Background: Myeloma-related disorders are characterized by proliferation of neoplastic plasma cell or immature immunoglobulin secreting B-lymphocytes, and include multiple myeloma, M-macroglobulinemia and extra-medullary plasmacytoma (cutaneous or extra-cutaneous). Solitary osseous plasmacytoma (SOP) is considered an unique entity among extra-medullary extra-cutaneous plasmacytoma. It is an unusual neoplasia in dogs, predominantly found in middle-aged to older animals, with a higher incidence in bones of axial skeleton. Dogs with vertebral SOP present neurological signs related to spinal cord compression, but progression to multiple myeloma is related to a poor outcome. As in humans, progression to multiple myeloma occurs in most cases, although it may take months or years from its initial presentation. SOP´s biological behaviour, incidence and prognostic are rarely documented. Chemotherapy with melphalan and prednisolone represent the most used protocol for multiple myeloma. However, in SOP, the combination of chemotherapy with local approaches is controversial before the evidence of systemic disease. This paper aims at reporting a case of SOP in a lumbar vertebrae of a dog, with systemic involvement. Case: A 11-year old male mixed breed dog was attended presenting muscle weakness, lethargy, anorexia, adipsia and intense pain manifestation. The dog also presented multiple skin nodules, previously diagnosed as a plasmacytoma, through cytology. The dog´s poor clinical condition and aggressive temper, associated with suspicious of an advanced myeloma-related disorder, resulted in the decision for humanized euthanasia. At necropsy, a pale, friable and hemorrhagic mass was identified on the L3 lumbar vertebrae, associated with an osteolytic bone lesion and spinal cord compression. Histopathological analyses revealed proliferation of plasma cells, with pale perinuclear halo, moderate cellular pleomorphism, 10 binucleated cells and 10 mitotic figures per 10 high power fields, compatible with extramedullary plasmacytoma of the mature type, in the lumbar vertebrae (SOP). It was also seen myeloma-related lesions in the skin and subcutaneous, prostate, heart, superficial mandibular and axillary lymph nodesDiscussion: Solitary osseous plasmacytoma is a myeloma-related disorder rarely reported in dogs. Its biological behaviour is poorly characterized, however progression for multiple myeloma is common in humans and dogs, and it is related to a poor outcome. As the present report, systemic progression of SOP has been previously described and although an overt bone marrow infiltration was not detected, such possibility can not be excluded, once multiple myeloma distribution in the bone marrow is often multifocal. Although chemotherapy is the treatment of choice for multiple myeloma, its indication for SOP is conditioned to the evidence of systemic disease. It might delay tumour progression, but its early implementation may favor the selection of resistant neoplastic clones, making it ineffective when progression to multiple myeloma occurs. In humans radiotherapy is the treatment of choice for SOP, however it may be indicated in association to surgery. A retrospective study showed a higher survival rate in patients with SOP in the axial skeleton, which received surgical treatment combined with radiotherapy, if compared to those treated with surgery or radiotherapy alone. Decision for euthanasia was made based on the suspicious of advanced myeloma-related disorder, patient´s medical condition and aggressive temper, which limited diagnostic investigation and treatment.
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"Recommandations de bonnes pratiques en anatomie et cytologie pathologiques v2." Annales de Pathologie 30, no. 1 (February 2010): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annpat.2010.01.005.
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Kar, Asaranti. "Cytologic Interpretation of Melanotic Neuroectodermal Tumour of Infancy Involving Cranial Bones: Clue to Diagnosis." JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2015/13691.6494.
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Duraiswami, Colonel [Dr] Ramanan. "The role of bone marrow aspiration cytology in the evaluation of the etiology of pancytopenia in patients in a tertiary hospital in Telangana, India." Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research 7, no. 9 (September 9, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v7i9.29.
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