Academic literature on the topic 'Bone substitute; Biomaterials'
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Journal articles on the topic "Bone substitute; Biomaterials"
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Bedini, Rossella, Deborah Meleo, and Raffaella Pecci. "3D Microtomography Characterization of Dental Implantology Bone Substitutes Used In Vivo." Key Engineering Materials 541 (February 2013): 97–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.541.97.
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After a short introduction to bone substitute biomaterials and X-ray microtomography, this article describes a research work carried out for in-vitro characterization of bone substitute biomaterials as well as for in-vivo investigation of human bone grafted with biomaterials. Three different bone substitute biomaterials have been analyzed in-vitro by means of 3D microtomographic technique, while human bone samples grafted with bone substitute biomaterials are investigated by 3D microtomography and histological techniques. 3D images of bone substitutes and human bone samples with biomaterials have been obtained, together with morphometric parameters, by microtomography . 2D histological images have also been obtained by traditional technique only for human bone samples with biomaterials. Compared to traditional histological analysis, 3D microtomography shows better results for investigating bone tissue and bone substitute biomaterial, and in a short time. Nevertheless, histological analysis remains the best technique for the observation of soft tissue and blood vessels.
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Yamada, M., T. Ueno, H. Minamikawa, N. Sato, F. Iwasa, N. Hori, and T. Ogawa. "N-acetyl Cysteine Alleviates Cytotoxicity of Bone Substitute." Journal of Dental Research 89, no. 4 (March 3, 2010): 411–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034510363243.
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Lack of cytocompatibility in bone substitutes impairs healing in surrounding bone. Adverse biological events around biomaterials may be associated with oxidative stress. We hypothesized that a clinically used inorganic bone substitute is cytotoxic to osteoblasts due to oxidative stress and that N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), an antioxidant amino acid derivative, would detoxify such material. Only 20% of rat calvaria osteoblasts were viable when cultured on commercial deproteinized bovine bone particles for 24 hr, whereas this percentage doubled on bone substitute containing NAC. Intracellular ROS levels markedly increased on and under bone substitutes, which were reduced by prior addition of NAC to materials. NAC restored suppressed alkaline phosphatase activity in the bone substitute. Proinflammatory cytokine levels from human osteoblasts on the bone substitute decreased by one-third or more with addition of NAC. NAC alleviated cytotoxicity of the bone substitute to osteoblastic viability and function, implying enhanced bone regeneration around NAC-treated inorganic biomaterials.
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Antunes, Pontes, Monte, Barbosa, and Ferreira. "Optical Properties on Bone Analysis: An Approach to Biomaterials." Proceedings 27, no. 1 (September 27, 2019): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019027036.
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The objective of the present study was to investigate the influence of demineralization solution on the optical properties of chicken femoral samples. Biomaterials based on bone have gained importance in clinical applications due to their properties as better osseointegration and biocompatibility. Biomateriais (bone substitute) are essentials to auxiliary in treatment of diseases related to bones such as bone density disorder, low bone mineral mass and the deterioration of bone tissue. Our data shows that integrating sphere technique permits to determinate significant difference in optical properties between healthy and demineralized samples. In this work, the optical properties of bone samples from chicken femur have been measured over the wavelength range 700–1000 nm.
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Traini, Tonino, Adriano Piattelli, Sergio Caputi, Marco Degidi, Carlo Mangano, Antonio Scarano, Vittoria Perrotti, and Giovanna Iezzi. "Regeneration of Human Bone Using Different Bone Substitute Biomaterials." Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research 17, no. 1 (May 17, 2013): 150–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cid.12089.
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Levandowski, Nelson, Nelson H. A. Camargo, Daiara F. Silva, Gisele M. L. Dalmônico, and Priscila F. Franczak. "Characterization of Different Nanostructured Bone Substitute Biomaterials." Advanced Materials Research 936 (June 2014): 695–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.936.695.
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The present research paper centers on physicochemical characterization of six nanostructured alloplastic bone substitutes developed at Santa Catarina State University (UDESC Brazil). In addition to identifying the main phases, the focus was to measure the morphological and microstructural features, which are believed to be crucial for controlling and guiding biological and molecular events. The studied samples exhibited rounded granules measuring 200μm 10(PO4)6(OH)2] was found as main phase for HAp, BCP and HAp/Al2O3 biomaterials. For HAp/TiO2n, HAp/SiO2n and β-TCP, the major phase was beta tricalcium phosphate [Ca3(PO4)2-β]. The results demonstrate that the presence of a second phase of nanometer order, at a hydroxyapatite bioceramic matrix, may modify the surface diffusion of the grains and the phase transformation kinetics of hydroxyapatite and beta tricalcium phosphate at temperatures up to 1100°C.
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Ganz, Cornelia, W. Xu, G. Holzhüter, W. Götz, B. Vollmar, and Th Gerber. "Comparison of Bone Substitutes in a Tibia Defect Model in Wistar-Rats." Key Engineering Materials 493-494 (October 2011): 732–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.493-494.732.
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Various bone graft substitutes were used in clinical practise in the treatment of bone defects after trauma or osteoporosis. Many synthetic biomaterials were developed in recent years primarily based on hydroxyapatite (HA). NanoBone® is a nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (HA) embedded in a porous matrix of silica (SiO2). The ratio of HA:SiO2 varied between 76:24 (wt%; NanoBone®) and 61:39 (wt%; Nanobone® S). The two bone substitutes NB and NB S and a natural bovine bone substitute Bio-Oss® (BO) were evaluated by means of implantation in the tibia of the rat. The aim of this study was to analyze the remodelling process and to measure new bone formation and degradation after implantation of these biomaterials. A tibia defect model was used for all investigations with testing periods of 12, 21 and 84 days. (n=5 for each time point). The results showed, that all bone grafts were well accepted by the host tissue without inflammatory reactions. In comparison to the biomaterial BO, NanoBone® and NanoBone® S were quickly degraded, whereas autologous proteins were incorporated into nanopores. New bone formation was statistically higher in NanoBone® S compared to Bio-Oss® in defect area after 84 days implantation. The presence of osteoclasts in tissue sections were demonstrated by TRAP- and ED1-immunohistology.
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Schilling, Arndt F., Wolfgang Linhart, Sandra Filke, Matthias Gebauer, Thorsten Schinke, Johannes M. Rueger, and Michael Amling. "Resorbability of bone substitute biomaterials by human osteoclasts." Biomaterials 25, no. 18 (August 2004): 3963–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2003.10.079.
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Lorenz, Jonas, Tadas Korzinskas, Poju Chia, Sarah Al Maawi, Katrin Eichler, Robert A. Sader, and Shahram Ghanaati. "Do Clinical and Radiological Assessments Contribute to the Understanding of Biomaterials? Results From a Prospective Randomized Sinus Augmentation Split-Mouth Trial." Journal of Oral Implantology 44, no. 1 (February 1, 2018): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1563/aaid-joi-d-17-00139.
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The present prospective randomized split-mouth trial reports on the 3-year clinical and radiological follow-up investigation of implants placed 7 months after sinus augmentation with 2 different bone substitute materials. The aim of the study was to complete the histologic observation of cellular reactions by analyses of the implants and the volumetric changes of the augmented bone substitute materials. A sinus augmentation split-mouth trial was performed in 14 patients with the synthetic bone substitute material Nanobone (NB) and the xenogeneic Bio-Oss (BO). Changes in volume and density of the augmented biomaterials were investigated by analysis of computed tomography scans, taken immediately after augmentation and after 7 months. Clinical implant parameters were assessed after 3 years of loading. Both bone substitute materials underwent nonsignificant volume reduction and significant increase in bone density over an integration period of 7 months. No significant differences concerning volume and bone density were observed between the groups. Three years after loading, 51 of 53 implants were in situ with no peri-implant infections, and only a few soft-tissue variations were present. The present prospective randomized study showed that no differences could be observed clinically and radiologically. Accordingly, it seems that both biomaterials, independent of their physicochemical composition, enable clinical success and long-time stability for dental implants. Interestingly, the histological results showed distinct differences in cellular reactions: While the xenogeneic BO induced a mild tissue reaction with only few multinucleated giant cells and comparably low vascularization, the synthetic NB induced a multinucleated giant cell-triggered tissue reaction with an increase of vascularization. Thus, the present study showed that a combination analysis—histological, clinical, and radiological—is necessary for a detailed assessment of a biomaterial's quality for clinical application.
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Igarashi, Yuki, and Junichi Matsushita. "Fabrication of Porous β-Tricalcium Phosphate with Collagen Composite Materials." Materials Science Forum 569 (January 2008): 237–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.569.237.
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Biomaterials have been developed and used for bone grafting. Here, we study a fabrication of composite for bone tissue engineering by combining tricalcium phosphate and collagen. This tricalcium phosphate and collagen composite material may be applicable for use as a bone substitute. The β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) is the one of the most investigated biomaterials due to its biocompatibility and good bioactivity. The β-TCP is used in a filling purpose to the bone defect region such as bone fractures. It is known that β-TCP substitutes it for a self bone in the body. The ingredient of the real bone is made of hydroxyapatite and collagen. In this study, the purpose was at giving the mechanical property and biological property which were near to a bone with β-TCP and collagen this time. We evaluate what kind of action collagen addition.
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Ghiretti, Roberto, Carlo F. Grottoli, Alberto Cingolani, and Giuseppe Perale. "Clinical Case Employing Two Different Biomaterials in Bone Regeneration." Applied Sciences 10, no. 13 (June 29, 2020): 4516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10134516.
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The case of a 59-year-old woman lacking bone in the lower left side of her mandible, and treated with two different biomaterials for bone regeneration, is reported here. Specifically, two different anatomical sites damaged by two different pathologies were studied: a radicular fracture and peri-implantitis. The sites were treated via xenograft bone substitute and calcium phosphosilicate, respectively. Follow-up evaluations showed that the two different methodologies employing different materials in the same organism undergoing the same metabolic processes achieved the same good results. This represents a significant change in current surgical strategies for the dental region: instead of focusing on a single gold-standard technique, it is possible to follow a hybrid approach by adapting the biomaterial and the protocol used to the specificities of the defect.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bone substitute; Biomaterials"
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Hilal, M. K. "Development of a high strength bioactive bone substitute." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267175.
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Lawson, Alison C. "Collagen-calcium phosphate composites." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300895.
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Mladenovic, Zivko. "Biological interface of bone graft substitute materials : experimental studies on interactions between biomaterials and bone cells." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för odontologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-49818.
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Bone graft substitute materials are becoming more common as alternative therapy strategies when bone defects in patients need to be treated. The interaction between bone cells and biomaterials occur at the surface of the materials. A great deal is known about the importance of surface topography and physic-chemical properties of biomaterials. It is also known that cells require proteins in order to interact with biomaterials. Less is known about how material properties and proteins interact forming the biological interface that cells will be exposed to, and that might determine if new bone is formed or not in the patient. The overall aim of the present thesis was to systematically investigate bone graft substitute material surface reactions and the interface in order to better understand how biomaterials may promote bone formation. Bio-Oss (BO) is a commonly used bone graft substitute material in reconstruction of periodontal and dentoalveolar bone defects. BO is mainly considered to be “osteoconductive”, but we could show that it does interact with a biological fluid (α-MEM cell culture medium) through dissolution/precipitation reactions. A significant reduction of calcium and phosphate levels in the medium was obtained even with low concentrations of BO. A release of silicon from the material was also demonstrated. An osteogenic response was seen in close contact to the BO particles when cultured with different types of pre-osteoblastic cells (Paper I). X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) with fast-frozen sample technique was used to further characterize the surface of BO, Frios Algipore (AP) and 45S5 Bioglass (BG). These three bone graft substitute materials are used as “model systems”, because they have all demonstrated newly formed bone on the surface after implantation in patients. From the XPS analysis it can be concluded that AP and BG acquired a positively charged surface while BO gained a negatively charged surface. Only AP and BG adsorb organic components (amino acids) from the medium (Paper II). Next we investigated initial surface reactions and the formation of a biological interface in the presence of proteins (serum) for the three biomaterials. The major findings were that in the presence of proteins BO underwent a surface charge reversal, all three biomaterials adsorbed proteins on the surface and all three biomaterials altered the chemical composition of the cell culture medium (Paper III-IV). Silicon (Si), which was released from BO as well as from BG, is interesting in relation to bone health. Positive effects of BG Si dissolution products on osteoblasts have been reported earlier. In the present study inhibitory interactions of Si on the RANK/RANKL/OPG signaling pathway as well as with gap junction intercellular communication in vitro are reported. These new findings implicate that Si could potentially be beneficial for patients with imbalance in bone remodeling (osteoporosis) and treatments of bone defects (Paper V). In conclusion, biomaterials of different origins interact with a solution resembling the extracellular tissue fluid. The dissolution-precipitation reactions are influenced by the material concentration used and should be taken into consideration when designing experiments and when biomaterials are used clinically. The presence of proteins will influence surface reactions, the formation of the biological interface and have implications on cellular responses. Possible dissolution products from the biomaterials should be investigated. Si, a dissolution product, is shown to have an inhibitory effect on osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption in vitro. Potential clinical value of Si in treatment of patients with bone defects should be further investigated.
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Brown, Matthew E. "DEVELOPMENT OF A MOLDABLE COMPOSITE BONE GRAFT SUBSTITUTE RELEASING ANTIBACTERIAL AND OSTEOGENIC DRUGS." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/cbme_etds/17.
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Large infected bone defects (IBD) are very complicated to treat due to their high variability; they often require multiple procedures. Bone autografts are the gold standard for treatment but have several drawbacks, such as a need for a second surgery site, limited grafting material, and donor site morbidity. The objective of this research was to develop a moldable synthetic bone grafting material capable of releasing both antimicrobial and osteogenic drugs over a clinically relevant time course for the treatment of IBDs. Current treatment methods for large IBDs require two separate procedures to treat the bone defect and the infection.
This research sought to combine these two procedures into one implantable composite bone graft substitute for the treatment IBDs. To begin, the degradation and mechanical properties of the calcium sulfate (CS) based composite material were evaluated for different compositions. Next, the controlled drug release profiles from the composite was achieved by using a shell and core system incorporating poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres (PLGAms). The release of vancomycin from the shell began immediately and continued over the course of 6 weeks, while the release of simvastatin from the core was delayed before being released over 4 weeks. Next, an infected, critically-sized rat femoral defect model was used to test different treatment methods with and without the composite bone graft substitute. Animals treated with locally released antibiotics had survivorship rates 24% higher than those treated with systemic antibiotics, and animals that received both antibiotics and an osteogenic drug had an increased amount of bone formation at 12 weeks compared to controls.
Finally, several different anti-biofilm agents were evaluated for their ability to inhibit and/or disrupt the growth of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) biofilms in vitro. Lysostaphin was the only drug investigated that was able to both inhibit and disrupt S. aureus biofilms. Furthermore, lysostaphin encapsulated into PLGAms maintained its bioactivity and may be useful for future incorporation into biofilm-combating materials. The bone grafting material developed here can be used to locally deliver drugs in a temporally controlled manner to reduce the number of procedures necessary for the treatment of complex IBDs.
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Puzipe, Karina Torres Pomini. "Reparação óssea com o uso do beta fosfato tricálcico (B-tcp)® na calota craniana de ratos submetidos ao alcoolismo experimental: análises histomorfológica e histomorfométrica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/25/25149/tde-04082016-221543/.
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O uso crônico de etanol prejudica diretamente o processo biológico de reparo ósseo, principalmente pela inibição das células osteoblásticas, podendo causar retardo de consolidação ou pseudoartrose. Vários biomateriais naturais ou sintéticos, têm sido utilizados como uma alternativa aos enxertos ósseos. Os biomateriais sintéticos, como o Beta Fosfato Tricálcico (-TCP) são biocompatíveis, biodegradáveis e osteocondutíveis, por orientar as células osteoblásticas, promovendo a neoformação óssea. Sendo assim, objetivou-se avaliar a influência da ingestão crônica de etanol no processo de reparo ósseo de defeitos cranianos tratados com -TCP® comparativamente aos preenchidos com coágulo sanguíneo e a sua interferência sobre a massa corporal. Foram utilizados 40 ratos machos (Rattus norvegicus), distribuídos aleatoriamente em 2 grupos: GAG - receberam água como dieta liquida, e GAL - receberam etanol a 25%. O GAL foi submetido inicialmente à adaptação gradativa ao álcool e depois permaneceu a 25% por 90 dias. Após o término desse período, todos os animais foram submetidos à cirurgia experimental. Nos ossos parietais de cada animal, foram confeccionadas duas cavidades 5,0 mm de diâmetro ao lado da sutura sagital, de forma que o parietal direito foi preenchido com -TCP® e o esquerdo com coágulo. Dessa forma, os grupos GAG e GAL foram divididos de acordo com o preenchimento dos defeitos: GC-AG (Grupo Coágulo Água), GC-AL (Grupo Coágulo Álcool), GB-AG (Grupo Biomaterial Água) e GB-AL (Grupo Biomaterial Álcool). O reparo ósseo foi observado de acordo com o período de eutanásia: 10, 20, 40 e 60 dias após a cirurgia. Após inclusão histológica, as peças foram submetidas à análises histomorfológica e histomorfométrica. Na análise da variação da massa corporal, observou-se que as massas iniciais do GAG foram maiores que GAL e as massas finais de GAG aumentou significativamente apenas em 60 dias e no GAL em todos os períodos. Na análise histomorfológica, observou-se nos períodos iniciais de todos os grupos a presença de tecido conjuntivo fibroso preenchendo toda área central do defeito. Os grupos com os defeitos preenchidos com -TCP apresentaram tecido reacional com as partículas envoltas por células inflamatórias. No período final de análise, observou-se em todos os grupos pequena neoformação óssea com a área central preenchida por tecido conjuntivo fibroso. Nos grupos GC-AL, GB-AG e GB-AL evidência de reação inflamatória menos intensa. Na análise histomorfométrica em relação à influência do tempo na neoformação óssea, os grupos GC-AG e GC-AL apresentaram o mesmo perfil gráfico em todos os períodos exceto 60 dias. O grupo GB-AG houve aumento substancial de neoformação em todo experimento e GB-AL pequeno aumento, mas não foi significante. Em relação à interferência da dieta, observou-se maior percentual de formação óssea nos grupos que consumiram água nos períodos 40 e 60 dias. E em relação ao tipo de preenchimento, observou-se no grupo GC-AG maior formação nos períodos de 20 e 40 dias. Já nos GB-AG e GB-AL a formação foi similar durante todo experimento. Conclui-se que o -TCP® não foi capaz de contribuir para melhor regeneração óssea, apresentando desempenho inferior nos animais que consumiram álcool.Chronic use of ethanol directly affects the biological process of bone repair, primarily by inhibition of osteoblastic cells. This may cause delayed consolidation or nonunion. Various natural and synthetic biomaterials have been used as alternatives to bone grafting. Synthetic biomaterials such as beta tricalcium phosphate (-TCP) are biocompatible, biodegradable, and osteoconductive, guiding osteoblastic cells and promoting bone formation. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the influence of chronic ethanol intake on the bone healing process of cranial defects treated with - TCP® compared to those filled with blood clot. Forty male rats were used (Rattus norvegicus), randomly divided into two groups: GAG received water as a liquid diet, and GAL received 25% ethanol. The GAL group was initially subjected to gradual adaptation to the alcohol and then maintained at 25% for 90 days. At the end of this period, all animals were submitted to experimental surgery. In the parietal bone of each animal, two cavities were prepared, 5.0 mm in diameter on the side of the sagittal suture, and the right parietal was filled with -TCP® and left to clot. Thus, the GAG and GAL groups were divided according to the filling of defects: GC-AG (Clot Water Group); GC-AL (Clot Alcohol Group); GB-AG (Biomaterial Water Group); and GB-AL (biomaterial Alcohol Group). The bone repair was observed according to the euthanasia period: 10; 20; 40; and 60 days after surgery. After a histological inclusion, the pieces were submitted to histomorphological and histomorphometric analysis. The histomorphological analysis was observed in the initial periods of all groups fibrous connective tissue filling the entire central area of the defect. The groups of defects filled with -TCP showed tissue reaction to particles surrounded by inflammatory cells. At the end of the period of analysis, it was observed that in all groups there was little bone formation, with the central area filled with fibrous connective tissue. In the GC-AL, GB-AG, and GB-AL groups there was evidence of less intense inflammatory reaction. In histomorphometric analysis regarding the influence of time in osteogenesis, the GC-AG and GC-AL groups had the same graphic profile in all periods except 60 days. In the GB-AG group there was a substantial increase of formation in every experiment, and in the GB-AL a small increase, but it was not significant. Regarding the influence of diet, there was a higher percentage of bone formation in the group that consumed water in the 40- and 60-day periods, and in the type of filling, increased formation in the periods of 20 and 40 days was observed in the GC-AG group. In the GB-AG and GB-AL groups, the formation was similar throughout the experiment. It is concluded that the -TCP® was not able to contribute to better bone regeneration, with underperformance in animals that consumed alcohol.
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Gariboldi, Maria Isabella. "Effect of calcium phosphate ceramic architectural features on the self-assembly of microvessels in vitro." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/283005.
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One of the greatest obstacles to clinical translation of bone tissue engineering is the inability to effectively and efficiently vascularise scaffolds. This limits the size of defects that can be repaired, as blood perfusion is necessary to provide nutrient and waste exchange to tissue at the core of scaffolds. The goal of this work was to systematically explore whether architecture, at a scale of hundreds of microns, can be used to direct the growth of microvessels into the core of scaffolds. A pipeline was developed for the production of hydroxyapatite surfaces with controlled architecture. Three batches of hydroxyapatite were used with two different particle morphologies and size distributions. On sintering, one batch remained phase pure and the other two batches were biphasic mixtures of α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) and hydroxyapatite. Sample production methods based on slip casting of a hydroxyapatite-gelatin slurry were explored. The most successful of these involved the use of curable silicone to produce moulds of high-resolution, three dimensional (3D) printed parts with the desired design. Parts were dried and sintered to produce patterned surfaces with higher resolution than obtainable through conventional 3D printing techniques. Given the difficulties associated with the structural reproducibility of concave pores architectures in 3D reported in the literature, in this work, a 2.5D model has been developed that varies architectural parameters in a controlled manner. Six contrasting architectures consisting of semi-circular ridges and grooves were produced. Grooves and ridges were designed to have widths of 330 μm and 660 μm, with periodicities, respectively, of 1240 μm and 630 μm. Groove depth was varied between 150 μm and 585 μm. Co-cultures of endothelial cells and osteoblasts were optimised and used to grow microcapillary-like structures (referred to as "microvessels") on substrates. Literature shows that these precursors to microcapillaries contain lumina and can produce functional vasculature, demonstrating their clinical promise. The effects of the composition and surface texture of grooved samples on microvessel formation were studied. It was found that surface microtopography and phase purity (α-TCP content) did not affect microvessel formation. However, hydroxyapatite architecture was found to significantly affect microvessel location and orientation. Microvessels were found to form predominantly in grooves or between convexities. Two metrics - the degree of alignment (DOA) and the degree of containment (DOC) - were developed to measure the alignment of endothelial cell structures and their localisation in grooves. For all patterned samples, the CD31 (an endothelial cell marker) signal was at least 2.5 times higher along grooves versus perpendicular to grooves. In addition, the average signal was at least two times higher within grooves than outside grooves for all samples. Small deep grooves had the highest DOA and DOC (6.13 and 4.05 respectively), and individual, highly aligned microvessels were formed. An image analysis method that compares sample X-ray microtomography sections to original designs to quantify architectural distortion was developed. This method will serve as a useful tool for improvements to architectural control for future studies. This body of work shows the crucial influence of architecture on microvessel self-assembly at the hundreds of micron scale. It also highlights that microvessel formation has a relatively low sensitivity to phase composition and microtopography. These findings have important implications for the design of porous scaffolds and the refinement of fabrication technologies. While important results were shown for six preliminary architectures, this work represents a toolkit that can be applied to screen any 2.5D architecture for its angiogenic potential. This work has laid the foundations that will allow elucidating the precise correspondence between architecture and microvessel organisation, ultimately enabling the "engineering" of microvasculature by tuning local scaffold design to achieve desirable microvessel properties.
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Figueira, Júnior Heldo Cesar [UNESP]. "Tratamento biomimético de discos e implantes de titânio com alendronato. Caracterização topográfica, estudo histométrico e imunoistoquímico em coelhos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/153637.
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Tratamentos de superfície de materiais implantáveis no corpo humano são analisados incansavelmente dentro das áreas da saúde. É comum ser observado em artigos científicos o emprego de um recente e desconhecido biomaterial sendo analisado para este fim. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o emprego do alendronato sobre a caracterização topográfica de implantes e discos de titânio in vitro, e sobre a superfície de implantes de titânio inseridos em coelhos após levantamento de seio maxilar, correlacionando as respostas biológicas e físicas do tratamento comparadas a protocolos bem estabelecidos da implantodontia. Utilizou-se seis discos e vinte e seis implantes dentários ambos de titânio comercialmente puro. Para as análises topográficas, discos e implantes se dividiram em 2 grupos de 3 amostras: Grupo CTL, submetidos a subtração ácida e grupo ALD, submetidos a tratamento biomimético com alendronato. Para os testes em animais, 5 implantes foram distribuídos por grupo, CTL e ALD, com intervalos de eutanásia de 7 e 40 dias. Após microscopia eletrônica de varredura, análise de espectroscopia por energia dispersiva, análise do ângulo de contato com a água, de energia livre de superfície e da presença de sítios doares de elétrons (base de Lewis), os grupos ALD apresentaram resposta satisfatória frente aos processos aceitos em saúde, sendo superiores em todas as análises. A resposta histométrica também foi mensurada resultando em maior tecido ósseo nas análises ELCOI e AON nos grupos ALD 40 dias. A discreta presença do TRAP aos 40 dias se refere a baixa reabsorção óssea no momento testado, fator relacionado ao uso de um bisfosfonato à nível local. A osteocalcina em 7 dias sugere uma atividade celular propícia à neoformação. Os tratamentos de biomiméticos são válidos uma vez que, frente aos testes realizados, melhoram a interação dos implantes a nível celular. O alendronato pode ser empregado para os fins propostos resultando em melhora do processo de reparo ósseo.
Surface treatments of implantable materials in the human body are analyzed tirelessly within the health areas. It is common to observe in scientific articles the use of a recent and unknown biomaterial being analyzed for this purpose. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of alendronate on the t opographic c haracterization of implants and titanium discs in vitro , and over the surface of titanium implants inserted into rabbits after maxillary sinus lift, correlating the biological and physical responses of the treatment compared to well established implantology protocols. It was used six disks and twenty - six commercially pure titanium dental implants. For the topographic analyzes, disks and implants were divided into 2 groups of 3 samples: CTL group, submitted to acid subtraction and ALD group, submi tted to biomimetic treatment with alendronate. For the animal tests, 5 implants were distributed per group, CTL and ALD, with euthanasia intervals of 7 and 40 days. After scanning electron microscopy, analysis of energy dispersive spectroscopy, analysis of the water contact angle, free surface energy and the presence of electron ́s donor sites (Lewis base), the ALD groups showed a satisfactory response to the accepted processes in health, being superior in all the analyzes. The histometric response was also measured resulting in increased bone tissue in the ELCOI and AON analyzes in the ALD 40 days’ group. The discrete presence of TRAP at 40 days refers to low bone resorption at the time tested, a factor related to the use o f a bisphosphonate . Osteocalcin in 7 days suggests a cellular activity conducive to neoformation. Biomimetic treatments are valid since, given the tests performed, they improve the interaction at the cellular level. Alendronate can be used for the proposed applications resulting in a better bone repair process.
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Gunarajah, Dharmindra Rajah. "Biomaterials for orbital floor blow-out fractures: a systematic review." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44661046.
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Campion, Charlie. "Role of physiochemical parameters in the osteogenic potential of calcium phosphate biomaterials." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2015. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/9524.
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The number of clinical procedures performed in the USA using bone graft substitutes was estimated at 1.1 million in 2010 and is projected to reach 1.3 million in 2015. This increasing demand for bone graft substitutes is a result of an ever-ageing population coupled with recent reports in the clinical literature of concerns regarding the safety of allograft and recombinant bone morphogenetic proteins such as rh- BMP-2 and the supply of autograft, which has led to an increased clinical interest in synthetic alternatives to allograft; autograft; and recombinant growth factors. One such synthetic material is silicate-substituted hydroxyapatite (SiCaP). Mechanical testing revealed SiCaP to have similar mechanical behaviour to morcellised cancellous bone. In computated spinal and hip models the simulated stresses in SiCaP were determined to be low when in situ, indicating a stressshielding effect from the implanted metalwork and surrounding bone. We also found an inverse relationship between porosity and Young's Modulus. Our results indicated that the strut-porosity of a material substrate should be increased to maximise the potential for formation of a precursor to bone-like apatite after implantation in osseous defects and further confirmed previous reports that betatricalcium phosphate is less bioactive than hydroxyapatite. We demonstrated a direct link between the amount of strut-porosity and the osteoinductivity of SiCaP. We learned that adding a resorbable carrier phase did not impair the osteoinductive potential of SiCaP, suggesting that osteoinductivity is not necessarily determined in the first 24-48 hours post implantation. Most notably from our studies we determined that the osteoinductivity of SiCaP correlated with its performance in orthotopic defects. Our research confirmed our hypothesis that modifying the micron-scale physical structure of a hierarchical porous SiCaP based biomaterial influences its functional performance in vitro and such modifications can be applied to improve its performance outcomes in ectopic and orthotopic treatment sites in vivo.
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Raines, Andrew Lawrence. "The role of biomaterial properties in peri-implant neovascularization." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/41178.
Full textAbstract:
An understanding of the interactions between orthopaedic and dental implant
surfaces with the surrounding host tissue is critical in the design of next generation
implants to improve osseointegration and clinical success rates. Critical to the process
of osseointegration is the rapid establishment of a patent neovasculature in the peri-implant
space to allow for the delivery of oxygen, nutrients, and progenitor cells. The
central aim of this thesis is to understand how biomaterials regulate cellular and host
tissue response to elicit a pro-angiogenic microenvironment at the implant/tissue
interface. To address this question, the studies performed in this thesis aim to 1)
determine whether biomaterial surface properties can modulate the production and
secretion of pro-angiogenic growth factors by cells, 2) determine the role of integrin and
VEGF-A signaling in the angiogenic response of cells to implant surface features, and 3)
to determine whether neovascularization in response to an implanted biomaterial can be
modulated in vivo. The results demonstrate that biomaterial surface microtopography
and surface energy can increase the production of pro-angiogenic growth factors by
osteoblasts and that these growth factors stimulate the differentiation of endothelial cells
in a paracrine manner and the results suggest that signaling through specific integrin
receptors affects the production of angiogenic growth factors by osteoblast-like cells.
Further, using a novel in vivo model, the results demonstrate that a combination of a
rough surface microtopography and high surface energy can improve bone-to-implant
contact and neovascularization. The results of these studies also suggest that VEGF-A
produced by osteoblast-like cells has both an autocrine and paracrine effect. VEGF-A
silenced cells exhibited reduced production of both pro-angiogenic and osteogenic
growth factors in response to surface microtopgraphy and surface energy, and
conditioned media from VEGF-A silenced osteoblast-like cell cultures failed to stimulate
endothelial cell differentiation in an in vitro model. Finally, the results show that by
combining angiogenic and osteogenic biomaterials, new bone formation and
neovascularization can be enhanced. Taken together, this research helps to provide a
better understanding of the role of material properties in cell and host tissue response
and will aid in the improvement of the design of new implants.
Books on the topic "Bone substitute; Biomaterials"
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Bone substitute biomaterials. Cambridge, UK: Woodhead Publishing is an imprint of Elsevier, 2014.
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Planell, Josep A. Bone repair biomaterials. Cambridge: Woodhead, 2009.
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Biomaterials for bone regenerative medicine. Stafa-Zuerich: Trans Tech, 2010.
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(Ramaswamy), Narayanan R., and Rautray Tapash R, eds. Surface modification of titanium for biomaterial applications. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2010.
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Kim, Kyo-Han. Surface modification of titanium for biomaterial applications. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.
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Mallick, Kajal. Bone Substitute Biomaterials. Elsevier Science & Technology, 2018.
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Bone Substitute Biomaterials. Elsevier, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/c2013-0-16287-3.
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D, Eichert, ed. Nanocrystalline apatite-based biomaterials. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.
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Douglas, Kenneth. Bioprinting. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190943547.001.0001.
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Abstract: This book describes how bioprinting emerged from 3D printing and details the accomplishments and challenges in bioprinting tissues of cartilage, skin, bone, muscle, neuromuscular junctions, liver, heart, lung, and kidney. It explains how scientists are attempting to provide these bioprinted tissues with a blood supply and the ability to carry nerve signals so that the tissues might be used for transplantation into persons with diseased or damaged organs. The book presents all the common terms in the bioprinting field and clarifies their meaning using plain language. Readers will learn about bioink—a bioprinting material containing living cells and supportive biomaterials. In addition, readers will become at ease with concepts such as fugitive inks (sacrificial inks used to make channels for blood flow), extracellular matrices (the biological environment surrounding cells), decellularization (the process of isolating cells from their native environment), hydrogels (water-based substances that can substitute for the extracellular matrix), rheology (the flow properties of a bioink), and bioreactors (containers to provide the environment cells need to thrive and multiply). Further vocabulary that will become familiar includes diffusion (passive movement of oxygen and nutrients from regions of high concentration to regions of low concentration), stem cells (cells with the potential to develop into different bodily cell types), progenitor cells (early descendants of stem cells), gene expression (the process by which proteins develop from instructions in our DNA), and growth factors (substances—often proteins—that stimulate cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation). The book contains an extensive glossary for quick reference.
Book chapters on the topic "Bone substitute; Biomaterials"
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Wang, H., Xiao Ping Wang, Jian Dong Ye, Ying Jun Wang, and Ping Gen Rao. "Rheological Properties and Injectability of a Calcium Phosphate Bone Substitute Material." In Advanced Biomaterials VI, 557–60. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-967-9.557.
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Peel, Sean A. F., Aileen J. J. Zhou, Hanje Chen, and Cameron M. L. Clokie. "Development of URIST™ a Multiphasic rhBMP-2 Bone Graft Substitute." In Clinical Applications of Biomaterials, 383–410. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56059-5_12.
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Wang, Wenhao, and Kelvin W. K. Yeung. "Bone Grafts and Bone Substitutes for Bone Defect Management." In Orthopedic Biomaterials, 495–545. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73664-8_18.
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Bonnevialle, P., and D. Clément. "Clinical Applications of Bone Substitutes." In Biomechanics and Biomaterials in Orthopedics, 76–85. London: Springer London, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3774-0_7.
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Gunzburg, Robert, Marek Szpalski, Norbert Passuti, and Max Aebi. "Biomaterials: the new frontiers in spine surgery." In The Use of Bone Substitutes in Spine Surgery, 1. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56071-2_1.
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Nicoll, Steven B. "Materials for Bone Graft Substitutes and Osseous Tissue Regeneration." In Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering Applications, 343–62. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-0385-2_12.
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Xia, Zhidao, Yunsong Shi, Hongyan He, Yuanzhong Pan, and Changsheng Liu. "Development of Biodegradable Bone Graft Substitutes Using 3D Printing." In Springer Series in Biomaterials Science and Engineering, 517–45. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5975-9_13.
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Daculsi, Guy, Daniel Chappard, Eric Aguado, G. Legeay, Pierre Layrolle, and Pierre Weiss. "Multiphasic Biomaterials: A Concept for Bone Substitutes Developed in the "Pays de la Loire"." In Bioceramics 20, —17——1. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-457-x.-17.
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"Woodhead Publishing Series in Biomaterials." In Bone Substitute Biomaterials, xv—xix. Elsevier, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-85709-497-1.50016-0.
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"Front matter." In Bone Substitute Biomaterials, i—iii. Elsevier, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-85709-497-1.50013-5.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Bone substitute; Biomaterials"
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Yuwei, Song, Qiao Yang, and Wei Yukun. "Corrosion response of Mg-Ca alloy as a bone tissue substitute biomaterial." In 2020 7th International Forum on Electrical Engineering and Automation (IFEEA). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ifeea51475.2020.00058.
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Lu, Lin, Robert S. Dembzynski, Mark J. Mondrinos, David Wootton, Peter I. Lelkes, and Jack Zhou. "Manufacturing System Development for Fabrication of Bone Scaffold." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-80937.
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Musculoskeletal conditions are a major health concern in United States because of a large aging population and increased occurrence of sport-related injuries. The need for bone substitutes is especially important. Traditional treatments of bone-defect have many of limitations. Bone tissue engineering may offer a less painful alternative to traditional bone grafts with lower risk of infection. This research integrates biomimetic modeling, solid freeform fabrication (SFF), systems and control, and tissue engineering in one intelligent system for structured, highly porous biomaterials, which will be applied to bone scaffolds. Currently a new SFF-based fabrication system has been developed, which uses a pressurized extrusion to print highly biocompatible and water soluble sucrose bone scaffold porogens. To date, this system can build simple bone structures. In parallel we are utilizing a commercial rapid prototyping (RP) machine to fabricate thermoplastic porogens of various designs to determine the feasibility of injecting a highly viscous scaffold material into porogens. Materials which have been successfully used to make scaffolds by injection include calcium phosphate cement (CPC), molten poly-caprolactone (PCL), 90/10 and 80/20 (v/v %) composite of PCL and calcium phosphate (CaPO4,). Results presented for the injection method include characterization of attainable feature resolution of the RP machine, as well as preliminary cell-biomaterial interaction data demonstrating biocompatibility of CPC scaffolds. The preliminary results using a commercial rapid prototyping machine have demonstrated that the indirect porogen technique can improve 2–4 folds the resolution of SFF system in fabricating bone scaffolds. The resultant scaffolds demonstrate that the defined porous structures will be suitable for tissue engineering applications.
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Lu, Lin, David Wootton, Peter I. Lelkes, and Jack Zhou. "Bone Scaffold Fabrication System Study." In ASME 2007 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2007-31219.
Full textAbstract:
Musculoskeletal conditions are a major health concern in United States because of a large aging population and increased occurrence of sport-related injuries. The need for bone substitutes is especially important. Traditional treatments of bone-defect have many limitations. Bone tissue engineering may offer a less painful alternative to traditional bone grafts with lower risk of infection. This research integrates biomimetic modeling, solid freedom fabrication (SFF), systems and control, and tissue engineering in one intelligent system for structured, highly porous biomaterials, which will be applied to bone scaffolds. Recently a new SFF-based fabrication system has been developed, which uses a pressurized extrusion to print highly biocompatible and water soluble sucrose bone scaffold porogens. The fabrication process for PCL scaffold implemented and tested using the newly developed porogen system. The resultant scaffold demonstrates the defined porous structure designed into the sucrose porogens. The viscosity of sucrose mixture has been tested and analyzed. The flow rate measurements of sucrose machine have been carried out. The input factor, which induced uncertainty in the flow rate of the microprinting system has been analyzed. The result showed that the reservoir pressure was dominant to determine the flow rate. This is very important for improving the quality control of our fabrication system.