Relevant bibliographies by topics / Bone strength

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Bone strength'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 May 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Bone strength"

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Alwis, G. "Bone strength beyond bone mass." Galle Medical Journal 25, no. 2 (June 16, 2020): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/gmj.v25i2.8020.

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Yingling, Vanessa R., Benjamin Ferrari-Church, and Ariana Strickland. "Tibia functionality and Division II female and male collegiate athletes from multiple sports." PeerJ 6 (September 11, 2018): e5550. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5550.

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Background Bone strength is developed through a combination of the size and shape (architecture) of a bone as well as the bone’s material properties; and therefore, no one outcome variable can measure a positive or negative adaptation in bone. Skeletal robusticity (total area/ bone length) a measure of bones external size varies within the population and is independent of body size, but robusticity has been associated with bone strength. Athletes may have similar variability in robusticity values as the general population and thus have a wide range of bone strengths based on the robustness of their bones. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if an athlete’s bone strength and cortical area relative to body size was dependent on robusticity. The second aim was to determine if anthropometry or muscle function measurements were associated with bone robusticity. Methods Bone variables contributing to bone strength were measured in collegiate athletes and a reference group using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) at the 50% tibial site. Bone functionality was assessed by plotting bone strength and cortical area vs body size (body weight x tibial length) and robustness (total area/length) vs body size. Bone strength was measured using the polar strength-strain index (SSIp). Based on the residuals from the regression, an athlete’s individual functionality was determined, and two groups were formed “weaker for size” (WS) and “stronger for size” (SS). Grip strength, leg extensor strength and lower body power were also measured. Results Division II athletes exhibited a natural variation in (SSIp) relative to robusticity consistent with previous studies. Bone strength (SSIp) was dependent on the robusticity of the tibia. The bone traits that comprise bone strength (SSIp) were significantly different between the SS and WS groups, yet there were minimal differences in the anthropometric data and muscle function measures between groups. A lower percentage of athletes from ball sports were “weaker for size” (WS group) and a higher percentage of swimmers were in the WS group. Discussion A range of strength values based on robusticity occurs in athletes similar to general populations. Bones with lower robusticity (slender) were constructed with less bone tissue and had less strength. The athletes with slender bones were from all sports including track and field and ball sports but the majority were swimmers. Conclusions Athletes, even after optimal training for their sport, may have weaker bones based on robusticity. Slender bones may therefore be at a higher risk for fracture under extreme loading events but also yield benefits to some athletes (swimmers) due to their lower bone mass.
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Delaney, Miriam. "Understanding Bone Strength." Endocrinologist 16, no. 2 (March 2006): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ten.0000203584.18296.ff.

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Marchant, J. N., and D. M. Broom. "Effects of dry sow housing conditions on muscle weight and bone strength." Animal Science 62, no. 1 (February 1996): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800014387.

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AbstractConfinement has been shown to affect bone strenth in poultry but this weakness has not been documented in other species housed in confinement. The objectives of this experiment were to compare muscle weight and bone strength in non-pregnant sows, of similar age and parity, housed throughout eight or nine pregnancies in two different dry sow systems: (1) individually in stalls and (2) communally in a large group. Following slaughter, the left thoracic and pelvic limbs were dissected and 14 locomotor muscles removed and c. ???lied. A proportional muscle weight was then calculated by dividing individual muscle weight (g) by total body weight (kg). Where there were significant differences, stall-housed sows had lower absolute and proportional muscle weights than group-housed sows. The left humerus and femur were also removed. The bones were broken by a three-point bend test using an Instron Universal Tester. Both bones from stall-housed sows had breaking strengths that were about two-thirds those of group-housed sows. The results indicate that confinement of sows, with a consequent lack of exercise, results in reduction of muscle weight and considerable reduction of bone strength.
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Gøthgen, Charlotte Buch, Frank Linde, Ivan Hvid, and Per Kjærsgaard-Andersen. "Cement-bone interface strength: Influence of bone strength and cement penetration." Journal of Biomechanics 23, no. 4 (January 1990): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9290(90)90072-b.

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Okuma, Toshitada. "Magnesium and bone strength." Nutrition 17, no. 7-8 (July 2001): 679–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0899-9007(01)00551-2.

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Boskey, A. L., T. M. Wright, and R. D. Blank. "Collagen and Bone Strength." Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 14, no. 3 (March 1, 1999): 330–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.1999.14.3.330.

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Kiebzak, Gary M., and Paul D. Miller. "Determinants of Bone Strength." Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 18, no. 2 (February 1, 2003): 383–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.2003.18.2.383.

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Hughes, Clare. "Beer increases bone strength." BMJ 325, Suppl S6 (December 1, 2002): 0212446a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sbmj.0212446a.

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Morild, Inge, Nils Roar Gjerdet, and J. Chr Giertsen. "Bone strength in infants." Forensic Science International 60, no. 1-2 (June 1993): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0379-0738(93)90099-v.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bone strength"

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Jain, Atul. "The evaluation of bone strength." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2008. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/12989.

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Bone drilling is a major part of orthopaedic surgery performed during the internal fixation of fractured bones. At present, information related to drilling force, drilling torque, rate of drill bit penetration and drill bit rotational speed is not available to orthopaedic surgeons, clinicians and researchers as bone drilling is performed manually. This research demonstrates that bone drilling force data if recorded in-vivo, during the repair of bone fractures, can provide information about the strength/quality of the bone. Drilling force does not give a direct measure of bone strength; therefore it has been correlated with the shear strength and screw pullout strength to determine the efficacy in estimating the bone strength. Various synthetic bone material densities and animal bones have been tested to demonstrate the use of drilling force data. A novel automated experimental test rig, which enables drilling tests, screw insertion and screw pullout tests to be carried out in a controlled environment, has been developed. Both drilling and screw pullout tests have been carried out in a single setting of the specimen to reduce the experimental errors and increase repeatability of the results. A significantly high value of correlation (r² > 0.99) between drilling force & shear strength and also between drilling force & normalised screw pullout strength in synthetic bone material was found. Furthermore, a high value of correlation (r² = 0.958 for pig bones and r² = 0.901 for lamb bones) between maximum drilling force & normalised screw pullout strength was also found. The result shows that drilling data can be used to predict material strength. Bone screws are extensively used during the internal fixation of fractured bones. The amount of screw been tightened is one of the main factor which affects the bone-screw fixation quality. Over tightening of screw can result into the loss of bone-screw fixation strength, whereas under tightening can result in the screw loosening. Therefore, optimum tightening of the screw is important to achieve the maximum bone-screw fixation strength. At present, optimum tightening of the screw is entirely dependent upon the skill and judgment of the surgeon, which is predominantly based on the feel of the screw tightening torque. Various studies have been reported in the literature to develop an algorithm to set an optimum tightening torque value to be used in surgery. A method which is based on the use of rotation angle of the screw while tightening, rather than using screw insertion/tightening torque, to optimise the bone-screw fixation strength is proposed in this research. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been successfully demonstrated on the synthetic bone material using the designed test rig. The optimum angle for the tested screw was found to be 120° which is equivalent to 33% of the screw pitch.
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Tassani, Simone <1979&gt. "Evaluation of bone strength: microtomographic tecniques." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1695/.

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This thesis is a part of a larger study about the characterization of mechanical and histomorphometrical properties of bone. The main objects of this study were the bone tissue properties and its resistance to mechanical loads. Moreover, the knowledge about the equipment selected to carry out the analyses, the micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), was improved. Particular attention was given to the reliability over time of the measuring instrument. In order to understand the main characteristics of bone mechanical properties a study of the skeletal, the bones of which it is composed and biological principles that drive their formation and remodelling, was necessary. This study has led to the definition of two macro-classes describing the main components responsible for the resistance to fracture of bone: quantity and quality of bone. The study of bone quantity is the current clinical standard measure for so-called bone densitometry, and research studies have amply demonstrated that the amount of tissue is correlated with its mechanical properties of elasticity and fracture. However, the models presented in the literature, including information on the mere quantity of tissue, have often been limited in describing the mechanical behaviour. Recent investigations have underlined that also the bone-structure and the tissue-mineralization play an important role in the mechanical characterization of bone tissue. For this reason in this thesis the class defined as bone quality was mainly studied, splitting it into two sub-classes of bone structure and tissue quality. A study on bone structure was designed to identify which structural parameters, among the several presented in the literature, could be integrated with the information about quantity, in order to better describe the mechanical properties of bone. In this way, it was also possible to analyse the iteration between structure and function. It has been known for long that bone tissue is capable of remodeling and changing its internal structure according to loads, but the dynamics of these changes are still being analysed. This part of the study was aimed to identify the parameters that could quantify the structural changes of bone tissue during the development of a given disease: osteoarthritis. A study on tissue quality would have to be divided into different classes, which would require a scale of analysis not suitable for the micro-CT. For this reason the study was focused only on the mineralization of the tissue, highlighting the difference between bone density and tissue density, working in a context where there is still an ongoing scientific debate.
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Kamimura, Masaki. "Interfacial tensile strength between polymethylmethacrylate-based bioactive bone cements and bone." Kyoto University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/148752.

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Vallet, Quentin. "Predicting bone strength with ultrasonic guided waves." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066626.

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Cette thèse s'inscrit dans le cadre du développement d'une sonde ultrasonore afin d'obtenir des nouveaux biomarqueurs de l'os cortical et améliorer la prédiction du risque de fracture. Notre approche se base sur la mesure des ondes guidées ultrasonores dans l'os cortical. La technique de transmission axiale bidirectionelle a été utilisée pour mesurer les modes guidées se propageant dans l'enveloppe corticale des os longs (i.e., le radius). Les propriétés matérielles et structurelles liées à la résistance osseuse ont été obtenues à partir des courbes de dispersion en utilisant un schéma d'inversion. Ainsi, un problème inverse totalement automatique, basé sur une optimisation par algorithmes génétiques et un modèle 2D de plaque libre transverse isotrope, a été développé. Cette procédure d'inversion a d'abord été testée sur des matériaux contrôlés avec des propriétés connues. Puis, la faisabilité d'obtenir des propriétés corticales sur des radii ex vivo a été montrée. Ces estimations ont été validées par comparaison avec des valeurs de référence obtenues avec des techniques indépendantes telles que la micro-tomodensitométrie par rayons X (épaisseur, porosité) et la spectroscopie par résonance ultrasonore (élasticité). Un bon accord a été trouvé entre les valeurs de référence et les estimations d'épaisseur, de porosité et d'élasticité. Enfin, la méthode a été étendue à des mesures in vivo. La validité du modèle en présence de tissus mous a d'abord été démontrée. Puis, les propriétés osseuses ont été obtenues sur des sujets sains. Un bon accord a été trouvé entre l'épaisseur estimée et les valeurs de référence obtenues par tomodensitométrie périphérique haute résolution
We aimed at developing new ultrasound-based biomarkers of cortical bone to enhance fracture risk prediction in osteoporosis. Our approach was based on the original concept of measuring ultrasonic guided waves in cortical bone. The bi-directional axial transmission technique was used to measure the guided modes propagating in the cortical envelope of long bones (i.e., the radius). Strength-related structural and material properties of bone were recovered from the dispersion curves through an inversion scheme. To this goal, a fully automatic inverse problem based on genetic algorithms optimization, using a 2-D transverse isotropic free plate waveguide model was developed. The proposed inverse procedure was first tested on laboratory-controlled measurements performed on academic samples with known properties. Then, the feasibility of estimating cortical properties of ex vivo radius specimens was assessed. The inferred bone properties were validated by face-to-face comparison with reference values determined by a set of independent state-of-the art technologies, including X-ray micro-computed tomography (thickness, porosity) and resonance ultrasound spectroscopy (stiffness). A good agreement was found between reference values and estimates of thickness, porosity and stiffness. Lastly, the method was extended to in vivo measurements, first, by ensuring the validity of the waveguide model in presence of soft tissues to demonstrate the feasibility of measuring experimental dispersion curves in vivo and infer from them bone properties. Estimated cortical thickness values were consistent with actual values derived from high resolution peripheral computed tomography
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Varghese, Bino Abel. "Quantitative Computed-Tomography Based Bone-Strength Indicators for the Identification of Low Bone-Strength Individuals in a Clinical Environment." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1300389623.

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Hilal, M. K. "Development of a high strength bioactive bone substitute." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267175.

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Jin, Andi. "The effect of bisphosphonates on bone microstructure and strength." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/49791.

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Osteoporosis (OP) is a common disease, especially among postmenopausal women. OP is regarded as the main cause of fragility fractures. Bisphosphonate (BP) medications, approved by the FDA in 1995, have been adopted as the most common and frontline treatment to OP. The most obvious positive effect of BP is their ability to improve bone mineral density (BMD). However, lots of concerns have been raised after BP medications coming into market for about ten years. A new type of hip fractures (atypical fractures) has been reported and linked with long-term BP treatment. It is still debatable on the effect of BP on bone health. Previous studies have evaluated BP’s effect either by measuring BMD quantitatively or following up fracture cases. There are very limit studies from an engineering background investigating BP’s effect on bone strength and microstructure, especially on those bones sustaining fractures despite BP treatment. The femoral heads from trauma patients’ hip replacement operations were collected and worked as a BP study group (10 femoral heads) and fracture control group (13 femoral heads) depending on whether or not the patient had been treated with BP before fractures. Cadaver samples were collected from an elderly control group (5 femoral heads). Five cylindrical sub-samples were cored from the same location of each femoral head. All the five cylinder sub-samples were micro-CT scanned for microstructure measurements. Two of the five cylinder sub-samples were selected randomly and compressively mechanically tested for apparent strength. Another two sub-samples were further synchrotron radiation scanned for a sub-micro features study, especially focusing on the trabecular microcracks and fully broken trabeculae. The apparent strength for BP treated samples is 29% and 48% lower than that of non-treated fracture controls and elderly controls, respectively. The density and microstructure parameters for the BP study group are slightly higher than or at a similar level as those of non-treated fracture controls. However, there are 24% and 55% more microcracks existing in BP treated samples than that of non-treated fracture controls and elderly controls, respectively. There are a sub-group of patients with whom BP treatment does not work very well, as they still fractured even with BP treatment for years. The bone mass density and trabecular microstructure may not be the cause of lower apparent strength. Microcracks and fully broken trabeculae can partly explain the lower strength, but further studies at the sub-micro and fibrillar levels are highly suggested.
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Saxon, Leanne, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "The role of exercise in the development of bone strength during growth." Deakin University. School of Health Sciences, 2002. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20051125.095337.

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Exercise during growth may increase peak bone mass; if the benefits are maintained it may reduce the risk of fracture later in life (1). It is hypothesised that exercise will preferentially enhance bone formation on the surface of cortical bone that is undergoing bone modeling at the time (2). Therefore, exercise may increase bone mass accrual on the outer periosteal surface during the pre- and peri-pubertal years, and on the inner endocortical surface during puberty (3). An increase in bone formation on the periosteal surface is, however, more effective for increasing bone strength than medullary contraction (4). While exercise may have a role in osteoporosis prevention, there is little evidential basis to support this notion. It is generally accepted that weight-bearing exercise is important, but it is not known how much, how often, what magnitude or how long children need to exercise before a clinically important increase in bone density is obtained. In this thesis, the effect of exercise on the growing skeleton is investigated in two projects. The first quantifies the magnitude and number of loads associated with and in a moderate and low impact exercise program and non-structured play. The second project examines how exercise affects bone size and shape during different stages of growth. Study One: The Assessment of the Magnitude of Exercise Loading and the Skeletal Response in Girls Questions: 1) Does moderate impact exercise lead to a greater increase in BMC than low impact exercise? 2) Does loading history influence the osteogenic response to moderate impact exercise? 3) What is the magnitude and number of loads that are associated with a moderate and low impact exercise program? Methods: Sixty-eight pre-and early-pubertal girls (aged 8.9±0.2 years) were randomised to either a moderate or low impact exercise regime for 8.5-months. In each exercise group the girls received either calcium fortified (-2000 mg/week) or non-fortified foods for the duration of the study. The magnitude and number of loads associated with the exercise programs and non-structured play were assessed using a Pedar in-sole mobile system and video footage, respectively. Findings: After adjusting for baseline BMC, change in length and calcium intake, the girls in the moderate exercise intervention showed greater increases in BMC at the tibia (2.7%) and total body (1.3%) (p ≤0.05). Girl's who participated in moderate impact sports outside of school, showed greater gains in BMC in response to the moderate impact exercise program compared to the low impact exercise program (2.5 to 4.5%, p ≤0.06 to 0.01). The moderate exercise program included -400 impacts per class, that were applied in a dynamic manner and the magnitude of impact was up to 4 times body weight. Conclusion: Moderate-impact exercise may be sufficient to enhance BMC accrual during the pre-pubertal years. However, loading history is likely to influence the osteogenic response to additional moderate impact exercise. These findings contribute towards the development of school-based exercise programs aimed at improving bone health of children. Study Two: Exercise Effect on Cortical Bone Morphology During Different Stages of Maturation in Tennis Players Questions: 1) How does exercise affect bone mass (BMC) bone geometry and bone strength during different stages of growth? 2) Is there an optimal stage during growth when exercise has the greatest affect on bone strength? Methods: MRI was used to measure average total bone, cortical and medullary areas at the mid- and distal-regions of the playing and non-playing humerii in 47 pre-, peri- and post-pubertal competitive female tennis players aged 8 to 17 years. To assess bone rigidity, each image was imported into Scion Image 4.0.2 and the maximum, minimum and polar second moments of area were calculated using a custom macro. DXA was used to measure BMC of the whole humerus. Longitudinal data was collected on 37 of the original cohort. Findings: Analysis of the entire cohort showed that exercise was associated with increased BMC and cortical area (8 to 14%), and bone rigidity (11 to 23%) (all p ≤0.05). The increase in cortical bone area was associated with periosteal expansion in the pre-pubertal years and endocortical contraction in the post-pubertal years (p ≤0.05). The exercise-related gains in bone mass that were accrued at the periosteum during the pre-pubertal years, did not increase with advanced maturation and/or additional training. Conclusion: Exercise increased cortical BMC by enhancing bone formation on the periosteal surface during the pre-pubertal years and on the endocortical surface in the post-pubertal years. However, bone strength only increased in response to bone acquisition on the periosteal surface. Therefore the pre-pubertal years appear to be the most opportune time for exercise to enhance BMC accrual and bone strength
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Laudermilk, Monica J. "Influences of Select Dietary Components on Bone Volumetric Density, Bone Geometry and Indices of Bone Strength in Young Girls." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/201500.

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Osteoporosis, a major public health problem, likely has its origins in childhood. During periods of rapid skeletal growth, diet may influence accrual of bone mineral density (BMD) and adult bone health. This study used novel approaches in bone imaging to further characterize optimal skeletal development and enhance our understanding of key dietary components that influence attainment of peak bone mass (PBM) and contribute to determinants of peak bone strength in peri-pubertal females. The use of a validated food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) enabled the influence of usual dietary intake on bone parameters to be examined.This study examined the relationship of dietary intake of micronutrients and bone macro-architectural structure in peri-pubertal girls. This study suggested that vitamin C and zinc intake are associated with objective measures of bone status in 4th, but not 6th grade girls. This indicates potential differences in micronutrient and bone associations at various age-associated stages of bone maturation.The impact of dietary fat on peri-pubertal skeletal growth is not well characterized. This study examined relationships of select dietary fatty acid (FA) intakes and measures of bone status in peri-pubertal girls. This study suggested that MUFA, total PUFA, n-6 and linoleic acid (LA) are inversely associated with bone status prior to menarche, but composition of dietary fat may be more important during the early-pubertal years. Decreased intakes of n-6 PUFA may benefit bone health in young girls.The impact of a dietary protein on volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), bone mineral content (BMC) and bone strength throughout maturation remains controversial. Given evidence of both anabolic and catabolic affects of protein on bone health, this study examined relations of dietary protein from different sources with bone parameters in peri-pubertal girls. This study showed that dietary protein intake is related to higher trabecular but not cortical vBMD, BMC and BSI, and accounts for 2-4% of their variability in peri-pubertal girls. The relationship seems to vary by the source of dietary protein and calcium intake. However, a negative impact of animal protein on bone health is not supported. Large scale observational and intervention studies are needed to establish causality.
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Ward, Ryan C. "Contribution of high school sport participation to young adult bone strength." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6333.

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Nearly 8 million American adolescents participate in sports. Many sports (e.g. basketball, volleyball) require powerful muscle movements. Normally, participation declines in young adulthood. The purpose of this study was to assess longitudinal effects of interscholastic high school sport participation and muscle power on young adult bone strength. 295 young adults from the Iowa Bone Development Study participated in this study. Participants were classified into sport participation groups based on an interscholastic sport participation history questionnaire. Groups included Power Sport Participant (PSP), Other Sport Participant (OSP), and Nonparticipant (NP). Current physical activity (PA) behaviors were assessed via questionnaire. Dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) assessed hip areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and was used with hip structure analysis (HSA) to estimate femoral neck section modulus (FN Z) and hip cross-sectional area (CSA). Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) provided stress-strain index (SSI) and bone strength index (BSI) at 38% and 4% cross-sectional tibial sites respectively. Vertical jump estimated muscle power at age 19. Gender-specific multiple linear regression predicted young adult bone outcomes based on sport participation groups. Mediation analysis analyzed effects of muscle power on relationships between sport participation and bone outcomes. All analyses were adjusted for current PA. For both males and females, bone outcomes for PSPs were greater than bone outcomes for NPs (P < 0.025). Bone outcomes for PSPs were also greater than OSPs in females (P < 0.025). Mean differences for PSPs and NPs differed between 6.5% to 15.7%. 14.2% to 27.5% of the effect of sport participation on bone outcomes was mediated by muscle power. These results provide evidence to say that former male power sport participants and other sport participants and female power sport participants have stronger bones than peers even when adjusting for current PA. Muscle power did not fully explain differences in all bone outcomes suggesting that sport participation has additional bone health benefits.
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Books on the topic "Bone strength"

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Sirois, Isabelle. Bone mass and biomechanical bone strength in young male and female rats fed fish oil. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 2002.

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Giovanni, Gioia Di. Effects of dietary restraint and oral contraceptives on bone strength and bone turnover in young women. St. Catharines, Ont: Brock University, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, 2006.

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Fonseca, Debbie. The synergy of daidzein and high calcium on bone mass and biomechanical bone strength in ovariectomized mice. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 2003.

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Vedral, Joyce L. Bone-building/body-shaping workout: Strength, health, beauty in just 16 minutes a day! New York: Simon & Schuster, 1998.

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Lundon, Katie. The effect of muscle strength training on the bone mass of post-menopausal women. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1990.

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Exercises for osteoporosis: A safe and effective way to build bone density and muscle strength. New York: HealthyLiving Books, 2005.

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Daniels, Dianne. Exercises for osteoporosis: A safe and effective way to build bone density and muscle strength. 3rd ed. Long Island City, NY: HealthyLiving Books, 2008.

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McCormick, R. Keith. The whole-body approach to osteoporosis: How to improve bone strength and reduce your fracture risk. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications, 2009.

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Mercaldi, Mallory. Aetna Bond: Strength, commitment, excellence. Hartford, Conn: Aetna Casualty and Surety Co., 1992.

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Susie, Dinan, ed. Strength training for strong bones. New York: HarperResource, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Bone strength"

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Kolff, Willem J., Belding H. Scribner, Thomas Starzl, and Eli A. Friedman. "…Knee Bone Connected to the Thigh Bone, Thigh Bone Connected to the Hip Bone…" In Strength and Compassion in Kidney Failure, 68–73. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5296-9_13.

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Ammann, Patrick, and René Rizzoli. "Bone quality and strength." In Atlas of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis, 61–82. Tarporley: Springer Healthcare Ltd., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-907673-28-3_3.

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Wang, Qingju. "Peak Bone Mass and Peak Bone Strength." In Handbook of Growth and Growth Monitoring in Health and Disease, 1317–29. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1795-9_79.

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Huiskes, R., and T. S. Kaastad. "Biomechanics, Bone Quality and Strength." In Management of Fractures in Severely Osteoporotic Bone, 54–71. London: Springer London, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3825-9_5.

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Faulkner, Robert A., and Donald A. Bailey. "Osteoporosis: A Pediatric Concern?" In Optimizing Bone Mass and Strength, 1–12. Basel: KARGER, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000102993.

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Kontulainen, Saija A., Julie M. Hughes, Heather M. Macdonald, and James D. Johnston. "The Biomechanical Basis of Bone Strength Development during Growth." In Optimizing Bone Mass and Strength, 13–32. Basel: KARGER, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000103002.

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Daly, Robin M. "The Effect of Exercise on Bone Mass and Structural Geometry during Growth." In Optimizing Bone Mass and Strength, 33–49. Basel: KARGER, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000103003.

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Specker, Bonny, and Matthew Vukovich. "Evidence for an Interaction between Exercise and Nutrition for Improved Bone Health during Growth." In Optimizing Bone Mass and Strength, 50–63. Basel: KARGER, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000103004.

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Bonjour, Jean-Philippe, Thierry Chevalley, René Rizzoli, and Serge Ferrari. "Gene-Environment Interactions in the Skeletal Response to Nutrition and Exercise during Growth." In Optimizing Bone Mass and Strength, 64–80. Basel: KARGER, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000103005.

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Zanker, Cathy, and Karen Hind. "The Effect of Energy Balance on Endocrine Function and Bone Health in Youth." In Optimizing Bone Mass and Strength, 81–101. Basel: KARGER, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000103006.

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Conference papers on the topic "Bone strength"

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Hangartner, Thomas N. "Image-Based Strength Assessment of Bone." In 2007 29th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2007.4353320.

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Sevostianov, Vladislav. "Evaluation of Decalcification Induced Changes in Bone Strength Using Electrical Conductivity Measurements." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-38638.

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The paper focuses on the effect of decalcification on microstructure and the mechanical and electrical properties of cortical bone. Decalcification is produced by placing the specimens into 5% vinegar acid for 72 hours. This acid treatment leads to a decrease in mass of the specimens 7.78 % (averaged over ten acid treated specimens). Microstructure of natural bone and acid treated bone is then compared using confocal microscopy. To estimate effect of acid treatment on electrical resistivity of bone, the specimens are rinsed and saturated with 0.9% NaCl solution for ten minutes. Then electrical resistance is measured by the four-point method and electrical resistivity is calculated. Averaging over ten acid treated specimens and ten control specimens show that decalcification lead to increase of electrical resistivity 5.85 times. Comparison of mechanical properties of natural and acid treated bones is done by three point bending using Instron 5882 testing machine. It is observed that 7.78 % mass loss in cortical bone yields reduction of the Young’s modulus about 2.7 times and bending strength of the specimens by 35%. A positive correlation between change in strength and Young’s modulus and electrical resistivity of the individual specimens is observed. The obtained results allows one to estimate changes in mechanical and electrical properties of bone from known losses in bone mass and, thus, non-destructively evaluate the decrease in bone strength through changes in electrical resistivity.
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Khandaker, M. P. H., Yanling Li, and Stefano Tarantini. "Interfacial Fracture Strength Measurement of Tissue-Biomaterial Systems." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-65038.

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The interfacial mechanics at the bone-implant interface is a critical issue for implant fixation and the filling of bone defects created by tumors and/or their excision. The present study is based on the hypothesis that the differences of the surface roughness at bone/ implant interface due to incorporation of micro and nano nanoparticle additives may have significant influence on the quality of bone/implant union. This research studied poly Methyl MethAcrylate (PMMA) bone cement with and without MgO additives as different implant materials. The aims of this research were to determine the influences of a magnesium oxide (MgO) additive particle size to PMMA bone cement on the bonding strength between bone and bone cement specimens. The scope of work for this study were: (1) to quantify elastic properties (Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio) of bone cement specimens, (2) to determine whether inclusion of MgO particles with PMMA has any influence on the interface strength between bone and PMMA, and (3) to quantify the effect of surface roughness on the interface fracture strength between bone and PMMA. This study found that the mean interface strength for bone-PMMA is significantly less than the mean interface strengths of bone-PMMA with microsize MgO particles and bone-PMMA with nanosize MgO particles.
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Sanchez, M. A., W. Sutton, W. Rizk, and J. Tompkins. "Thermal Curing and Strength of PMMA Bone Cement." In ASME 2003 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2003-47067.

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Many current bone cements have proprietary minor ingredients that affect the chemical kinetics and heat transfer modeling of the exothermic reaction during bone cement polymerization. In addition, the geometry and the method of cooling/curing the bone cement can vary by application. A method for modeling energy generation, based on temperature measurement of various geometries and conditions, expresses the exothermic reaction and the duration with respect to time. Reaction from the bone cement can yield temperatures above 110°C for the air convective cooling boundary condition. Experiments show that by using cold irrigation cooling (saline) with an initial temperature of 1.5°C, the maximum reaction temperature of the PMMA cement approaches 40°C depending upon the thickness of the cement. For bone cement cooled in air and saline at room temperature, the exothermic reaction begins around 400 seconds (8 min) after the compounds are mixed. When cold saline is applied, the time-delay of the reaction is approximately 300 additional seconds compared to the two room temperature cases. Finally, based on compression testing, the structural behavior of the PMMA cement is improved when the material is cured in a slower and wet environment.
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Soboyejo, Alfred B. O., and Karl E. Nestor. "A New Statistical Biomechanics Modeling of Physical and Biochemical Bone Strength Parameters." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-2698.

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Abstract New multiparameter biomechanics models are developed in this work for the characterization of bone strengths in broiler chickens and turkeys, as functions of the major physical and biochemical parameters, which can contribute to mechanical properties of bone strengths in these birds, under good management practices. Theoretical and experimental methods have been developed in this study to model bone strength as functions of (a) the physical parameters only and (b) the biochemical parameters only, which can affect bone strength. The choice of any particular methodology will depend on the availability of either the physical or biochemical parameters, which can be obtained from experimental data. Possible useful practical applications of the statistical biomechanics principles developed in this technical paper, particularly in the field of bone strength enhancement in turkeys and broiler chickens will be discussed. In view of the problems described, the major objectives of the present study are as follows: (1) To develop new multiparameter biomechanics models for the characterization of bone strengths in turkeys and broiler chickens as functions of the major physical only, or biomechanical parameters only, which can contribute to bone strength in these birds, under conditions of good management of these birds. This study will consider only the compressive buckling as the mode of structural failure in the cellular material of the bone. (2) To highlight briefly the possible practical applications of the statistical biomechanics principles, which will be developed in this study to the genetic improvement of bone strengths in broiler chickens and turkeys.
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Shinzato, S., M. Kobayashi, W. F. Mousa, M. Kamimura, M. Neo, K. Choju, T. Kokubo, and T. Nakamura. "EFFECTS OF SURFACE CURING PROPERTIES ON BONE-BONDING STRENGTH OF BIOACTIVE BONE CEMENT." In Proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on Ceramics in Medicine. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814291064_0123.

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Khan, Muhammad Adnan, Anne Young, and Kirsty Main. "Low Monomer Content, High Strength Composite Bone Cements." In Biomedical Engineering. Calgary,AB,Canada: ACTAPRESS, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2316/p.2013.791-038.

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"An Informative Machine-Learning Tool for Diagnosis of Osteoporosis using Routine Femoral Neck Radiographs." In InSITE 2019: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: Jerusalem. Informing Science Institute, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4350.

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Aim/Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the structure of the bone tissue by using texture analysis of the bone trabeculae, as visualized in a routine radiograph of the proximal femur . This could provide objective information regarding both the mineral content and the spatial structure of bone tissue. Therefore, machine-learning tools were applied to explore the use of texture analysis for obtaining information on the bone strength. Background: One in three women in the world develops osteoporosis, which weakens the bones, causes atraumatic fractures and lowers the quality of life. The damage to the bones can be minimized by early diagnosis of the disease and preventive treatment, including appropriate nutrition, bone-building exercise and medications. Osteoporosis is currently diagnosed primarily by DEXA (Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry), which measures the bone mineral density alone. However, bone strength is determined not only by its mineral density but also by the spatial structure of bone trabeculae. In order to obtain valuable information regarding the bone strength, the mineral content and the spatial structure of the bone tissue should be objectively assessed. Methodology: The study includes 17 radiographs of in-vitro femurs without soft tissue and 44 routine proximal femur radiographs (15 subjects with osteoporotic fractures and 29 without a fracture). The critical force required to fracture the in-vitro femurs was measured and the bones were divided into two groups: 11 solid bones with critical fracture force higher than 4.9kN and 6 fragile bones with critical fracture force lower than 4.9kN. All the radiographs included an aluminum step-wedge for calibrating the gray-levels values (See Figure 3). An algorithm was developed to automatically adjust the gray levels in order to yield equal brightness and contrast. Findings: The algorithm characterized the in-vitro bones with as fragile or solid with an accuracy of 88%. For the radiographs of the patients, the algorithm characterized the bones as osteoporotic or non-osteoporotic with an accuracy of 86%. The most prominent features for estimating the bone strength were the mean gray-level, which is related to bone density, and the smoothness, uniformity and entropy, which are related to the spatial distribution of the bone trabeculae. Impact on Society: Analysis of bone tissue structure, using machine-learning tools will provide a significant information on the bone strength, for the early diagnosis of osteoporosis. The structure analysis can be performed on routine radiographs of the proximal femur, with high accuracy. Future Research: The algorithm for automatic structure analysis of bone tissue as visualized on a routine femoral radiograph should be further trained on a larger dataset of routine radiographs in order to improve the accuracy of assessing the bone strength.
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Mehta, Bhavin V., and Robert J. Setlock. "Improved Prosthetic Bone Implants." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-43048.

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An improved method for manufacturing prosthetic bones is examined. We are developing a new improved method for designing and manufacturing prosthetic bones that have a porous interior core covered by a solid outer shell, more closely matching the morphology of natural bone. The new method is compatible with a wide variety of materials, including polymers, metals, composites, and biodegradable scaffold materials. Use of biodegradable scaffold material holds the potential for eventual bone regeneration within and throughout the prosthesis. Regardless of the material selection, this improved type of prosthesis is expected to more closely mimic the overall material and structural properties of natural bone, including shape, strength, weight, and weight distribution. By fabricating prosthetic bones that duplicate the material and structural properties of natural bone, implants could be made to operate as precision replacements, feeling and functioning exactly like natural bone. In addition to improving patient comfort, these new prostheses are expected to reduce the occurrence of unnatural secondary wear patterns caused by current style prosthetic bones that function in unnatural fashions due to their non-matching material and structural properties.
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James, Thomas P., and Brendan A. Andrade. "Is Synthetic Composite Bone a Substitute for Natural Bone in Screw Bending Tests?" In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-65498.

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Composite replica bones have been used extensively for biomechanical studies. These studies normally rely upon the overall tensile, compressive, and bending strength of large replica bones, such as the tibia and femur. In this study, highly localized behavior of composite bone was scrutinized by examining the material’s response to cortical screws in bending. Of interest was localized deformation of the composite material as compared to the response of natural bone under similar loading conditions. Cortical screw deflection in a laminated composite bone was compared to deflection in a bovine bone under quasi-static loading. The laminated composite bone consisted of short glass fiber reinforced epoxy as a cortical bone substitute, while polyurethane foam was used as a cancellous bone substitute. A new laser projection method was used to make comparative measurements of the slope of the screw head near to the applied load. Initial results indicate that composite bone is a reliable substitute for natural bone in quasi-static studies of cortical screw deflection.
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Reports on the topic "Bone strength"

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Herbert, William. Effect of Isokinetic Strength Training and Deconditioning on Bone Stiffness, Bone Density and Bone Turnover in Military-Aged Women. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada398256.

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De Rosset, William S., Daniel J. Snoha, and Michael A. Minnicino. Strength of an Explosively-Formed Bond. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada455905.

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Akgun, H., and J. Daemen. Bond strength of cement borehole plugs in salt. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5888676.

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Akgun, H., and J. J. K. Daemen. Bond strength of cementitious borehole plugs in welded tuff. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/138038.

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Wouters, J. M., P. J. Doe, and W. E. Baker. Effect of panel alignment and surface finish on bond strength. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10186732.

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Peters, Piet W., and George S. Springer. Effects of Cure and Sizing on Fiber-Matrix Bond Strength. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada174160.

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Nuttall, Christopher S. Bond Strength of Silorane- and Methacrylate-Based Composites to Resin-Modified Glass Ionomers. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1013158.

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LeClaire, Philip J. The Effect of Temperature on the Bond Strength of Epoxy-Coated Prestressing Strand. Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.15554/pci.rr.mat-008.

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Weiss, Charles, William McGinley, Bradford Songer, Madeline Kuchinski, and Frank Kuchinski. Performance of active porcelain enamel coated fibers for fiber-reinforced concrete : the performance of active porcelain enamel coatings for fiber-reinforced concrete and fiber tests at the University of Louisville. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40683.

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A patented active porcelain enamel coating improves both the bond between the concrete and steel reinforcement as well as its corrosion resistance. A Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program to develop a commercial method for production of porcelain-coated fibers was developed in 2015. Market potential of this technology with its steel/concrete bond improvements and corrosion protection suggests that it can compete with other fiber reinforcing systems, with improvements in performance, durability, and cost, especially as compared to smooth fibers incorporated into concrete slabs and beams. Preliminary testing in a Phase 1 SBIR investigation indicated that active ceramic coatings on small diameter wire significantly improved the bond between the wires and the concrete to the point that the wires achieved yield before pullout without affecting the strength of the wire. As part of an SBIR Phase 2 effort, the University of Louisville under contract for Ceramics, Composites and Coatings Inc., proposed an investigation to evaluate active enamel-coated steel fibers in typical concrete applications and in masonry grouts in both tension and compression. Evaluation of the effect of the incorporation of coated fibers into Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) was examined using flexural and compressive strength testing as well as through nanoindentation.
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Knab, Lawrence I., and Nathaniel E. Waters. A method to measure the tensile bond strength between two weakly-cemented sand grains. Gaithersburg, MD: National Bureau of Standards, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.88-3883.

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