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Journal articles on the topic 'Bone formation'

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Bone formation.

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Stützle, H., K. Hallfeldt, H. Mandelkow, S. Keßler, and L. Schweiberer. "Bone substitutes and bone formation." Der Orthopäde 27, no. 2 (February 1998): 118–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/pl00003477.

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2

Tsartsalis, Athanasios, Charalambos Dokos, Georgia Kaiafa, Dimitris Tsartsalis, Antonios Kattamis, Apostolos Hatzitolios, and Christos Savopoulos. "Statins, bone formation and osteoporosis: hope or hype?" HORMONES 11, no. 2 (April 15, 2012): 126–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.14310/horm.2002.1339.

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3

Bellingham, F. Richard. "Endometrial Bone Formation." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 36, no. 1 (February 1996): 109–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1479-828x.1996.tb02943.x.

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4

PUZAS, J. EDWARD, MICHAEL D. MILLER, and RANDY N. ROSIER. "Pathologic Bone Formation." Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research &NA;, no. 245 (August 1989): 269???281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003086-198908000-00042.

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5

Schiergens, Tobias S., Angela Reichelt, Wolfgang E. Thasler, and Markus Rentsch. "Abdominal Bone Formation." Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 19, no. 3 (January 9, 2015): 579–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11605-014-2737-4.

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6

Habal, Mutaz B. "Bone Engineering, Bone Formation, or just Refined Bone Regeneration." Journal of Craniofacial Surgery 14, no. 3 (May 2003): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001665-200305000-00001.

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7

Luriya, E. A., M. Owen, A. Ya Fridenshtein, S. A. Kuznetsov, E. N. Genkina, and V. V. Gosteva. "Bone formation in bone marrow organ cultures." Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine 101, no. 4 (April 1986): 520–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00834432.

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8

Draenert, M. E., C. Martini, D. C. Watts, K. Draenert, and A. Wittig-Draenert. "Bone augmentation by replica-based bone formation." Dental Materials 36, no. 11 (November 2020): 1388–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2020.08.005.

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9

Hoggard, Nathan K., and Linden E. Craig. "Medullary bone in male budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) with testicular neoplasms." Veterinary Pathology 59, no. 2 (January 8, 2022): 333–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03009858211069126.

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Medullary bone is a calcium-rich, labile bone normally occurring in female birds with each egg-laying cycle. The stimulus for formation of medullary bone is, in part, the cyclic increase in serum estrogens produced by preovulatory ovarian follicles. Increased bone density due to formation of medullary bone, particularly in pneumatic bones, has been termed polyostotic hyperostosis, even if physiologic. This study investigated the formation of medullary bone in nonpneumatic (femur) and pneumatic (humerus) bones in sexually mature male budgerigars submitted for autopsy. Of the 21 sexually mature male budgerigars submitted for autopsy, 7 (33%) had medullary bone in 1 or more bones examined. All 7 male budgerigars with medullary bone had a testicular neoplasm, which was morphologically consistent with a testicular sustentacular cell tumor, seminoma, or interstitial cell tumor. Medullary bone was not present in the 14 cases with other diseases. Medullary bone formation in pneumatic and nonpneumatic bones can occur in male budgerigars with testicular neoplasms. Radiographic increases in medullary bone density, particularly in the humerus, could provide antemortem indication of testicular neoplasia in male budgerigars.

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10

Garrett, I., G. Gutierrez, and G. Mundy. "Statins and Bone Formation." Current Pharmaceutical Design 7, no. 8 (May 1, 2001): 715–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612013397762.

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11

Karsenty, Gerard. "Re-tuning bone formation." Journal of Experimental Medicine 212, no. 1 (January 12, 2015): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.2121insight2.

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12

Urist, Marshall R., and Leonard F. Peltier. "Bone: Formation by Autoinduction." Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 395 (February 2002): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003086-200202000-00002.

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13

Louis, L. S., C. E. C. Kingman, and G. W. Cochrane. "Heterotopic intrauterine bone formation." Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 27, no. 2 (January 2007): 208–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01443610601157331.

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14

Powell, Kendall. "Dishing up bone formation." Journal of Cell Biology 171, no. 3 (November 7, 2005): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb1713fta3.

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15

Jones, S. "Site-directed bone formation." Biofutur 1997, no. 167 (May 1997): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0294-3506(99)80361-5.

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16

Aoki, Jun, Itsuo Yamamoto, Megumu Hino, Nobuyasu Kitamura, Teruki Sone, Harumi Itoh, and Kanji Torizuka. "Reactive endosteal bone formation." Skeletal Radiology 16, no. 7 (October 1987): 545–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00351269.

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17

Yadav, Vijay K., and Patricia Ducy. "Lrp5 and bone formation." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1192, no. 1 (April 2010): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05312.x.

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18

BARAN, R., and L. JUHLIN. "Bone dependent nail formation." British Journal of Dermatology 114, no. 3 (March 1986): 371–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1986.tb02830.x.

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19

Lind, Martin, and Cody B�nger. "Factors stimulating bone formation." European Spine Journal 10 (October 1, 2001): S102—S109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005860100269.

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20

Wallach, Stanley, Louis V. Avioli, and John H. Carstens. "Factors in bone formation." Calcified Tissue International 45, no. 1 (January 1989): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02556652.

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21

Isaac, Juliane, S. Loty, A. Hamdan, Tadashi Kokubo, Hyun Min Kim, A. Berdal, and J. M. Sautier. "In Vitro Bone Formation on Bioactive Titanium." Key Engineering Materials 361-363 (November 2007): 939–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.361-363.939.

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Titanium has limitations in its clinical performance in dental and orthopaedic applications. Over the last decade, numerous implant surface modifications have been developed and are currently used with the aim of enhancing bone integration. In the present study, we have experimented a bioactive titanium prepared by a simple chemical and moderate heat treatment that leads to the formation of a bone-like apatite layer on its surface in simulated body fluids. We haved used foetal rat calvaria cell cultures to investigate bone nodule formation on bioactive titanium. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that cells attached and spread on the bioactive surfaces. After 22 days of culture, bone nodules were detected on the material surface. Furthermore, the mineralized bone nodules remained attached to the bioactive titanium surface but not to untreated titanium. SEM observations and EDX microanalysis of sectioned squares showed that bone-like tissue directly bonded to bioactive titanium, but not pure titanium. These results indicated the importance of the implant surface composition in supporting differentiation of osteogenic cells and the subsequent apposition of bone matrix allowing a strong bond to bone. Furthermore, these findings may provide promising strategies for the development of biologically active implants.

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22

Watazu, Akira, Ying Zhe Li, Sadami Tsutsumi, Kazuaki Matsumura, and Naobumi Saito. "Selective Bone Formation on Hydroxyapatite-Granule-Implanted Titanium." Key Engineering Materials 330-332 (February 2007): 459–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.330-332.459.

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Hydroxyapatite (HA)-granule-implanted cylindrical titanium composites, which uniformly have HA granules on the curved surface, were formed by a hot pressing using HA-granuleimplantation system under the conditions of 1023 K, 1 h, 1960 N in vacuo. Cracks were not observed in the HA granules. The HA-granule-implanted titanium samples were implanted in a mandible of a dog. After 1 year, new thin bones like pillars were selectively structured on the HA granules with bone induction ability. The HA-granule-implantation technique is expected to be useful for designing shape of bone around titanium implant in order to match living bones.

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23

Malaval, Luc, Ndéyé Marième Wade-Guéye, Maya Boudiffa, Jia Fei, Ralph Zirngibl, Frieda Chen, Norbert Laroche, et al. "Bone sialoprotein plays a functional role in bone formation and osteoclastogenesis." Journal of Experimental Medicine 205, no. 5 (May 5, 2008): 1145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20071294.

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Bone sialoprotein (BSP) and osteopontin (OPN) are both highly expressed in bone, but their functional specificities are unknown. OPN knockout (−/−) mice do not lose bone in a model of hindlimb disuse (tail suspension), showing the importance of OPN in bone remodeling. We report that BSP−/− mice are viable and breed normally, but their weight and size are lower than wild-type (WT) mice. Bone is undermineralized in fetuses and young adults, but not in older (≥12 mo) BSP−/− mice. At 4 mo, BSP−/− mice display thinner cortical bones than WT, but greater trabecular bone volume with very low bone formation rate, which indicates reduced resorption, as confirmed by lower osteoclast surfaces. Although the frequency of total colonies and committed osteoblast colonies is the same, fewer mineralized colonies expressing decreased levels of osteoblast markers form in BSP−/− versus WT bone marrow stromal cultures. BSP−/− hematopoietic progenitors form fewer osteoclasts, but their resorptive activity on dentin is normal. Tail-suspended BSP−/− mice lose bone in hindlimbs, as expected. In conclusion, BSP deficiency impairs bone growth and mineralization, concomitant with dramatically reduced bone formation. It does not, however, prevent the bone loss resulting from loss of mechanical stimulation, a phenotype that is clearly different from OPN−/− mice.

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24

Minatoya, Tsutomu, Toshitake Furusawa, Masaaki Sato, Yuta Matsushima, and Hidero Unuma. "Bioactive Glass Cloth that Promotes New Bone Formation." Key Engineering Materials 529-530 (November 2012): 266–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.529-530.266.

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A new composition of bioactive glass was proposed that can be drawn into fibers, woven into cloth, and has appropriate alkali-releasing ability for bioactivity. The glass was drawn into fibers and woven into cloth, then the biological efficacy of the cloth was examined in in vivo tests. Bone defects made in tibial bones of Wistar rats were covered with the cloth just like "bandage" for two weeks. The cloth was found to promote new bone formation in the bone defects without causing any adverse effects. In contrast, excessive infection was recognized and new bone was not formed when cloth made of E-glass fibers was used. This was the first successful demonstration that glass cloth made of bioactive glass fibers assisted bone regeneration. The present glass cloth, therefore, is expected to be a promising material for "bone bandage" or porous scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration.

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25

Balázsi, Csaba, Gréta Gergely, Katalin Balázsi, Chang Hoon Chae, Hye Young Sim, Je Yong Choi, and Seong Gon Kim. "Bone Formation with Nano-Hydroxyapatite from Eggshell." Materials Science Forum 729 (November 2012): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.729.25.

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Hydroxyapatite, (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2is chemically similar to the mineral component of bones and teeth. HAp is among of the few materials that are classified as bioactive, meaning that it will support bone ingrowth and osseointegration when used in orthopaedic, dental and maxillofacial applications. Hydroxyapatite may be employed in forms such as powders, porous blocks and hybrid composites to fill bone defects or voids. These may arise when large sections of bone have had to be removed or when bone augmentations are required (e.g. dental applications). In this work, nanohydroxyapatite (nanoHAp) was successfully produced by using recycled eggshell and phosphoric acid by mechanochemical activation method (e.g. attrition milling). nanoHAp bioactivity was evaluated in animal (rabbit) models. Sixteen 4-month-old New Zealand white rabbits with an average weight of 2.8kg were used in experiments. After bilateral parietal bony defects formation (diameter: 8.0mm), nanoHAp was grafted. The control was unfilled defect. The bone regeneration was evaluated by micro-computerized tomograms (μCT) and histomorphometric analysis at 4 and 8 weeks. In conclusion, nanoHAp from eggshell showed much more bone formation compared to unfilled control group in both μCT analysis and histomorphometric analysis. Considering that the eggshell is easily available and cheap, nanoHAp from the eggshell can be good calcium source in tissue engineering.

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26

Wang, E. A., V. Rosen, J. S. D'Alessandro, M. Bauduy, P. Cordes, T. Harada, D. I. Israel, R. M. Hewick, K. M. Kerns, and P. LaPan. "Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein induces bone formation." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 87, no. 6 (March 1, 1990): 2220–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.87.6.2220.

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27

van Straalen, Jan P., Edward Sanders, Mark F. Prummel, and Gerard T. B. Sanders. "Bone-alkaline phosphatase as indicator of bone formation." Clinica Chimica Acta 201, no. 1-2 (September 1991): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-8981(91)90021-4.

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28

Yavropoulou, Maria P., Helen P. Vafiadou, Olympia E. Anastasiou, Vasiliki Tsavdaridou, Georgia H. Kokaraki, and John G. Yovos. "Pioglitazone affects bone resorption but not bone formation." Bone 42 (March 2008): S91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2007.12.173.

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29

Zizelmann, Christoph, Ralf Schoen, Marc Christian Metzger, Rainer Schmelzeisen, Alexander Schramm, Britta Dott, Kai-Hendrik Bormann, and Nils Claudius Gellrich. "Bone formation after sinus augmentation with engineered bone." Clinical Oral Implants Research 18, no. 1 (February 2007): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0501.2006.01295.x.

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30

Ho, Miriel, Hatem Salem, Stephen Livesey, and Kathy Traianedes. "Bone formation and the development of bone marrow." Experimental Hematology 41, no. 8 (August 2013): S65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exphem.2013.05.255.

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31

Sogo, Yu, Daiki Yokoyama, Atsuo Ito, Atsushi Yamazaki, and Racquel Z. LeGeros. "F-Substituted Carbonate Apatite for Promoting Bone Formation." Key Engineering Materials 309-311 (May 2006): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.309-311.141.

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Abstract. Fluoride (F-)-substituted type-B carbonate-containing hydroxyapatites (CHAPs) were prepared as bone substitutes with a F-releasing ability. The F- contents in the F-substituted CHAPs were 16-22 times larger than that in normal adult human bones. The carbonate contents in the F-substituted CHAPs corresponded to that in human bones. The F-substituted CHAPs released F- in an acetic acid – sodium acetate buffer at pH 4.9; within only 3 h, the F- concentration in the buffer increased to more than 63.9 µg L-1, which was 1.5~8.9 times higher than that in a body fluid of normal adult humans. Although the F- concentration rapidly decreased probably due to the precipitation of a certain phase containing F-, the F-substituted CHAPs exhibited the ability to increase the F- concentration in a body fluid by bone resorption. Therefore, it is expected that the F-substituted CHAPs will be feasible as a F-releasing material for promoting bone formation.

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32

Shieh, Albert, Weijuan Han, Shinya Ishii, Gail A. Greendale, Carolyn J. Crandall, and Arun S. Karlamangla. "Quantifying the Balance Between Total Bone Formation and Total Bone Resorption: An Index of Net Bone Formation." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 101, no. 7 (July 2016): 2802–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2015-4262.

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33

Levi, G., P. Topilko, S. Schneider-Maunoury, M. Lasagna, S. Mantero, R. Cancedda, and P. Charnay. "Defective bone formation in Krox-20 mutant mice." Development 122, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.122.1.113.

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Endochondral ossification is the prevalent mode of vertebrate skeleton formation; it starts during embryogenesis when cartilage models of long bones develop central regions of hypertrophy which are replaced by bony trabeculae and bone marrow. Although several transcription factors have been implicated in pattern formation in the limbs and axial skeleton, little is known about the transcriptional regulations involved in bone formation. We have created a null allele in the mouse Krox-20 gene, which encodes a zinc finger transcription factor, by in frame insertion of the E. coli lacZ gene and shown that hindbrain segmentation and peripheral nerve myelination are affected in Krox-20−/− embryos. We report here that Krox-20 is also activated in a subpopulation of growth plate hypertrophic chondrocytes and in differentiating osteoblasts and that its disruption severely affects endochondral ossification. Krox-20−/− mice develop skeletal abnormalities including a reduced length and thickness of newly formed bones, a drastic reduction of calcified trabeculae and severe porosity. The periosteal component to bone formation and calcification does not appear to be affected in the homozygous mutant suggesting that the major role for Krox-20 is to be found in the control of the hypertrophic chondrocyte-osteoblast interactions leading to endosteal bone formation.

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34

Imagawa, Naoko, Kazuya Inoue, Keisuke Matsumoto, Michi Omori, Kayoko Yamamoto, Yoichiro Nakajima, Nahoko Kato-Kogoe, et al. "Histological Evaluation of Porous Additive-Manufacturing Titanium Artificial Bone in Rat Calvarial Bone Defects." Materials 14, no. 18 (September 17, 2021): 5360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14185360.

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Jaw reconstruction using an additive-manufacturing titanium artificial bone (AMTAB) has recently attracted considerable attention. The synthesis of a titanium artificial bone is based on three-dimensional computed tomography images acquired before surgery. A histological evaluation of porous AMTAB (pAMTAB) embedded in rat calvarial bone defects was conducted. This study examined three groups: rats implanted with mixed-acid and heat-treated pAMTAB, rats implanted with untreated pAMTAB, and rats with no implant. In both pAMTAB groups, bone defects were created in rat calvarial bones using a 5-mm trephine bar, followed by pAMTAB implantation. The pAMTAB was fixed to the defect using the fitting force of the surrounding bones. The rats were sacrificed at 4, 8, and 16 weeks after implantation, and the skull was dissected. Undecalcified ground slides were prepared and stained with Villanueva Goldner. Compared with the no implant control group, both pAMTAB groups exhibited new bone formation inside the defect, with greater bone formation in the mixed-acid and heat-treated pAMTAB group than in the untreated pAMTAB group, but the difference was not significant. These data suggest that pAMTAB induces bone formation after implantation in bone defects. Bone formation appears to be enhanced by prior mixed-acid and heat-treated pAMTAB.

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35

Ogawa, Y., D. K. Schmidt, R. M. Nathan, R. M. Armstrong, K. L. Miller, S. J. Sawamura, J. M. Ziman, K. L. Erickson, E. R. de Leon, and D. M. Rosen. "Bovine bone activin enhances bone morphogenetic protein-induced ectopic bone formation." Journal of Biological Chemistry 267, no. 20 (July 1992): 14233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(19)49702-0.

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36

Morinobu, Mikihiko, Tetsuya Nakamoto, Kazunori Hino, Kunikazu Tsuji, Zhong-Jian Shen, Kazuhisa Nakashima, Akira Nifuji, Haruyasu Yamamoto, Hisamaru Hirai, and Masaki Noda. "The nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein CIZ reduces adult bone mass by inhibiting bone morphogenetic protein–induced bone formation." Journal of Experimental Medicine 201, no. 6 (March 21, 2005): 961–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20041097.

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Osteoporosis is a major health problem; however, the mechanisms regulating adult bone mass are poorly understood. Cas-interacting zinc finger protein (CIZ) is a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein that localizes at cell adhesion plaques that form where osteoblasts attach to substrate. To investigate the potential role of CIZ in regulating adult bone mass, we examined the bones in CIZ-deficient mice. Bone volume was increased and the rates of bone formation were increased in CIZ-deficient mice, whereas bone resorption was not altered. CIZ deficiency enhanced the levels of mRNA expression of genes encoding proteins related to osteoblastic phenotypes, such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP) as well as osterix mRNA expression in whole long bones. Bone marrow cells obtained from the femora of CIZ-deficient mice revealed higher ALP activity in culture and formed more mineralized nodules than wild-type cells. CIZ deficiency enhanced bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)–induced osteoblastic differentiation in bone marrow cells in cultures, indicating that BMP is the target of CIZ action. CIZ deficiency increased newly formed bone mass after femoral bone marrow ablation in vivo. Finally, BMP-2–induced bone formation on adult mouse calvariae in vivo was enhanced by CIZ deficiency. These results establish that CIZ suppresses the levels of adult bone mass through inhibition of BMP-induced activation of osteoblasts.

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37

Madsen⁎, S. H., A. S. Goettrup, K. Henriksen, M. A. Karsdal, and A. C. Bay-Jensen. "Prednisolone increases cartilage formation, but decreases bone formation." Bone 47 (June 2010): S148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2010.04.338.

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38

Azuma, Kotaro, Stephanie C. Casey, Masako Ito, Tomohiko Urano, Kuniko Horie, Yasuyoshi Ouchi, Séverine Kirchner, Bruce Blumberg, and Satoshi Inoue. "Pregnane X receptor knockout mice display osteopenia with reduced bone formation and enhanced bone resorption." Journal of Endocrinology 207, no. 3 (September 27, 2010): 257–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe-10-0208.

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The steroid and xenobiotic receptor (SXR) and its murine ortholog pregnane X receptor (PXR) are nuclear receptors that are expressed mainly in the liver and intestine where they function as xenobiotic sensors. In addition to its role as a xenobiotic sensor, previous studies in our laboratories and elsewhere have identified a role for SXR/PXR as a mediator of bone homeostasis. Here, we report that systemic deletion of PXR results in marked osteopenia with mechanical fragility in female mice as young as 4 months old. Bone mineral density (BMD) of PXR knockout (PXRKO) mice was significantly decreased compared with the BMD of wild-type (WT) mice. Micro-computed tomography analysis of femoral trabecular bones revealed that the three-dimensional bone volume fraction of PXRKO mice was markedly reduced compared with that of WT mice. Histomorphometrical analysis of the trabecular bones in the proximal tibia showed a remarkable reduction in bone mass in PXRKO mice. As for bone turnover of the trabecular bones, bone formation is reduced, whereas bone resorption is enhanced in PXRKO mice. Histomorphometrical analysis of femoral cortical bones revealed a larger cortical area in WT mice than that in PXRKO mice. WT mice had a thicker cortical width than PXRKO mice. Three-point bending test revealed that these morphological phenotypes actually caused mechanical fragility. Lastly, serum levels of phosphate, calcium, and alkaline phosphatase were unchanged in PXRKO mice compared with WT. Consistent with our previous results, we conclude that SXR/PXR promotes bone formation and suppresses bone resorption thus cementing a role for SXR/PXR as a key regulator of bone homeostasis.

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39

Jia, Li Hua, Mamtimin Gheni, Hazirti Eli, Xamxinur Abdikerem, and Masanori Kikuchi. "Bone Formation Based on the Turing Model under Compressed Loading Condition." Advanced Materials Research 33-37 (March 2008): 1011–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.33-37.1011.

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In this paper, the iBone (Imitation Bone) model which is coupled with Turing reaction-diffusion system and FEM, is used. The numerical simulation of bone forming process by considering the osteoclasts and osteoblasts process are conducted. The results shown, that the bone mass is increased with increase of the initial load value, then fibula and femur bones are obtained respectively by keeping the required bone forming value. The different bone shapes are obtained by changing the both bone keeping value and the compressing force value. When set larger bone keeping value by keeping larger constant compressing force value, bone shape as a pipe with hole just like femur, when set smaller bone keeping value by keeping the smaller constant compressing force value, it is close to solid pillar as like fibula.

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40

Seok, Hyun, Hee-Youl Kim, Dong-Cheol Kang, Jung-Ho Park, and Jong Hoon Park. "Comparison of Bone Regeneration in Different Forms of Bovine Bone Scaffolds with Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 20 (October 15, 2021): 11121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222011121.

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The aim of this study was to compare the bone regeneration ability of particle and block bones, acting as bone scaffolds, with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP)-2 and evaluate them as rhBMP-2 carriers. Demineralized bovine bone particles, blocks, and rhBMP-2 were grafted into the subperiosteal space of a rat calvarial bone, and the rats were randomly divided into four groups: particle, block, P (particle)+BMP, and B (block)+BMP groups. The bone volume of the B+BMP group was significantly higher than that of the other groups (p < 0.00), with no significant difference in bone mineral density. The average adipose tissue volume of the B+BMP group was higher than that of the P+BMP group, although the difference was not significant. Adipose tissue formation was observed in the rhBMP-2 application group. Histologically, the particle and B+BMP groups showed higher formation of a new bone. However, adipose tissue and void spaces were also formed, especially in the B+BMP group. Hence, despite the formation of a large central void space, rhBMP-2 could be effectively used with block bone scaffolds and showed excellent new bone formation. Further studies are required to evaluate the changes in adipose tissue.

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41

Kim, Jung-Eun. "Transcriptional regulation of bone formation." Frontiers in Bioscience S3, no. 1 (2011): 126–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2741/s138.

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42

Chen, Zhihao, Yan Zhang, Chao Liang, Lei Chen, Ge Zhang, and Airong Qian. "Mechanosensitive miRNAs and Bone Formation." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 18, no. 8 (August 2, 2017): 1684. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms18081684.

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Karsenty, Gerard, Henry M. Kronenberg, and Carmine Settembre. "Genetic Control of Bone Formation." Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology 25, no. 1 (November 2009): 629–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.cellbio.042308.113308.

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Collins, M., and C. Stratakis. "Bone Formation, Growth, and Repair." Hormone and Metabolic Research 48, no. 11 (November 21, 2016): 687–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-119907.

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Patel, Vikas V., and Karin Payne. "Cellular Grafts for Bone Formation." SPINE 41 (April 2016): S13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/brs.0000000000001425.

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Iqbal, Jameel, Li Sun, and Mone Zaidi. "Coupling bone degradation to formation." Nature Medicine 15, no. 7 (July 2009): 729–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm0709-729.

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Hunt, Jennifer L., Ronald Fairman, Marc E. Mitchell, Jeffrey P. Carpenter, Michael Golden, Tigran Khalapyan, Megan Wolfe, et al. "Bone Formation in Carotid Plaques." Stroke 33, no. 5 (May 2002): 1214–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.str.0000013741.41309.67.

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Schroeder, Gregory D., Christopher K. Kepler, Sibylle Grad, Mauro Alini, Taolin Fang, Dessislava Z. Markova, John D. Koerner, et al. "Does Riluzole Influence Bone Formation?" SPINE 44, no. 16 (August 2019): 1107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/brs.0000000000003022.

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Turner, Charles H., and Alexander G. Robling. "Mechanical loading and bone formation." BoneKEy-Osteovision 1, no. 9 (September 2004): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1138/20040135.

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Clarke, Joanna. "JAK inhibitors boost bone formation." Nature Reviews Rheumatology 16, no. 5 (March 12, 2020): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41584-020-0406-4.

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