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1
Paudel, S., P. Kayastha, P. Pokharel, A. Shah, RK Ghimire, and MA Ansari. "Giant cell tumor of patella." Journal of Institute of Medicine Nepal 34, no. 3 (December 31, 2012): 58–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.59779/jiomnepal.479.
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Giant cell tumor of bone also known as osteoclastoma is a distinct clinical, roentgenographic and pathologic entity with specific characteristics. It is a benign but locally aggressive neoplasm of the epiphyseal or metaphyseal-epiphyseal region of long tubular bones extending to the articular surface. It usually occurs after skeletal maturation and is one of the rare bone tumors that more frequently affects women. We report here a case of giant cell tumor originating from the right patella diagnosed on fine needle aspiration cytology.
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Paudel, S., P. Kayastha, P. Pokhrel, A. Shah, RK Ghimire, and MA Ansari. "Giant cell tumor of patella." Journal of Institute of Medicine Nepal 34, no. 3 (October 13, 2013): 58–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jiom.v34i3.8920.
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Giant cell tumor of bone also known as osteoclastoma is a distinct clinical, roentgenographic and pathologic entity with specific characteristics. It is a benign but locally aggressive neoplasm of the epiphyseal or metaphyseal-epiphyseal region of long tubular bones extending to the articular surface. It usually occurs after skeletal maturation and is one of the rare bone tumors that more frequently affects women. We report here a case of giant cell tumor originating from the right patella diagnosed on ne needle aspiration cytology. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/joim.v34i3.8920 Journal of Institute of Medicine, December, 2012; 34:58-60
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Patel, Rushin P., Shakti Goel, and Pankaj R. Patel. "Aneurysmal Bone Cyst of Clavicle in a Six-Year-Old Male Child." Journal of Medical Research and Innovation 1, no. 3 (July 16, 2017): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15419/jmri.80.
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Aneurysmal Bone Cyst (ABCs) is a cystic expansile lesion which is usually found in solitary locations in the metaphysis of long bones. The most common locations of ABC are long bones of lower limbs. There is little knowledge about the presence of this tumor in Clavicle. Here we present a case of a six year old male child who presented with complaint of swelling in left shoulder for four months. There was a dilemma in the diagnosis of the swelling due to its unusual presentation and appearance. The Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology was also inconclusive. The diagnosis of ABC was made only by excision biopsy. The Clavicle regenerated to nearly normal anatomy at 15 weeks follow up period. The patient is asymptomatic now and is able to perform all daily activities without any restrictions. The uniqueness of this case lies in the fact that this is the first case where ABC has been reported in Clavicular region in young Asian male of less than 10 years age.
Keywords: ABC, Bone tumor, Expansile lesion.
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Tiwari, Neema. "Imprint Cytology - A Primary Diagnostic Tool to Bone Marrow Pathology." Recent Advances in Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 5, no. 1 (May 14, 2019): 6–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2454.8642.201902.
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T., Mitila, Lakshmi Priya Asokan, and Vimal Chander. "Osteosarcoma: a fluid cytologic diagnosis." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 11, no. 4 (March 29, 2023): 1376–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20230895.
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Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor characterized by the formation of disorganized immature bone or osteoid tissue from mesenchymal tumor cells. It most commonly occurs in the appendicular skeleton involving the metaphysis of long bones. It is the third most common cancer in adolescence with an annual incidence of 5.6 cases per million children under the age of 15 years. Giant cell-rich osteosarcoma (GCRO) is an exceedingly rare histological variant of conventional primary osteosarcoma. It constitutes about 1%-3% of all osteosarcomas. A 20-year-old male presented with the complaints of pain and swelling over the right knee. Examination revealed a tender 15×10×8 cm swelling palpable on the distal femur. Radiological investigations showed features suggesting right femoral osteosarcoma in the meta-epiphyseal region. A core needle biopsy from the lesion was performed and 15 ml of fluid obtained from the biopsy site was sent for cytological examination, which showed features suggestive of osteosarcoma. Biopsy showed features of osteosarcoma probably of giant cell rich type confirming the fluid cytology findings. Cell block preparation also revealed giant cell predominance. Osteosarcoma is a bone tumor found in areas of rapid bone turnover, most commonly the distal femur and proximal tibia of adolescent patients. Cytology plays a vital role in diagnosing bone tumors, being a rapid, easy, and minimally invasive outpatient department procedure. Histopathology, since it gives a complete architectural pattern of tissue, remains the gold standard diagnostic tool.
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Chandra, Smita, Neeti Puri, Meena Harsh, and Anil Kumar Juyal. "Cytological diagnosis of osteoblastoma of the talus: Case report with unusual presentation and diagnostic pitfalls." CytoJournal 15 (August 27, 2018): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/cytojournal.cytojournal_39_17.
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Osteoblastoma is a rare bone tumor mostly affecting the young adults and commonly involving the spinal cord and long bones. Talus is the uncommon site of presentation, and if involved, then the neck is more commonly involved than the body of talus. The cytological diagnosis of osteoblastoma is limited, and to the best of our knowledge, its fine-needle aspiration (FNA) in the talus has still not been reported in the literature. The present case of osteoblastoma is, therefore, being reported due to the unusual presentation in elderly male in the body of talus and showing extensive involvement on X-ray. The case was initially diagnosed on FNA cytology excluding the possibility of giant-cell tumor and osteosarcoma. The case also highlights the importance of vigilant observation of subtle cytological features of this rare tumor which may be helpful in avoiding diagnostic pitfalls, especially at an uncommon site and with unusual presentation. An early precise diagnosis by cytology may be followed by appropriate treatment and thus avoiding any further complications.
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Tabarestani, Amirhossein, Masoud nejad, Mohammad Minaie, Sonia Sahvieh, and Reza Nikzad. "A rare case report of extensive mandibular osteoma corrected by unilateral mandibulectomy: cytological, radiological, and pathological investigation." Open Veterinary Journal 13, no. 3 (2023): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/ovj.2023.v13.i3.16.
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Background: Osteoma is a benign bone tumor that rarely affects animals. The most common bones involved with this tumor included the mandible, maxillofacial bones, and nasal sinuses. Definitive diagnosis is based on pathology findings which allow for differentiation with other bone lesions. Case Description: The patient, a five-year-old intact male Mongrel dog presented with a huge mandibular mass that involved both the right and left mandible, and led to dental occlusion. The radiography was performed and depicted the intense mass with a well-demarcated edge, a short transitional zone between normal and abnormal bone, and a smooth rounded radiopaque appearance. The investigation according to the fine needle aspiration showed the presence of oval to spindle shape cells with poorly malignancy criteria, fatty cells, reactive osteoblasts and osteoclasts based on a population of spindle-shaped cells, and low numbers of degenerated neutrophils, bacteria, and few macrophages. Then, the radiographic assessments and cytology findings demonstrated the osteoma and referred for surgical intervention. A unilateral mandibulectomy was performed, and the lesion was send to the histopathology laboratory. The histopathology evaluation showed osteocyte proliferation without malignancy features. The osteoblast cells also showed no atypical proliferation that endorses the osteoma tumor. Conclusion: Although, mandibular and maxillofacial bone resection in small animals have different tolerations, this patient became a candidate for surgery for future better nutrition and prevention of facial deformity and dental malocclusion. Follow-up after osteoma is one of the most necessary post-operation treatments to check the regeneration of the mass. There are considerable data in this report that should regard this tumor as a possible differential diagnosis for mandibular tumors.
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Dmytrenko, D., N. Kozariychuk, O. Tsyhykalo, and N. Kuzniak. "ONTOGENETIC TRANSFORMATIONS OF BONES OF THE HUMAN ORBIT." Neonatology, Surgery and Perinatal Medicine 14, no. 1(51) (April 8, 2024): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.24061/2413-4260.xiv.1.51.2024.14.
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Introduction. Elucidation of the sources of human orbital bones, clarifi cation of the sequence of their ossifi cation will allow to create a morphological basis for eff ective interpretation of the data of fetal condition monitoring, will contribute to early diagnosis of variants of the structure and possible malformations of the head, organ of vision and related structures.The aim of the study. The aim of this work was to fi nd out the sources of origin, the chronology of ossifi cation, the characteristics of age-related topographic and anatomical changes in the bones of the orbit.Material and methods. 18 series of histological sections of samples of human embryos and pre-fetuses at the age of 4-12 weeks of intrauterine development (4,0-80,0 mm parietal- coccygeal length) and samples of 12 fetuses at the age of 4-9 months of intrauterine development (130,0-450. 0 mm parietal- calcaneal length) using a complex of morphological research methods (anthropometry, morphometry, preparation of histological sections, dissection, three- dimensional reconstruction of series of histological sections and computer tomography, statistical analysis).The study was conducted in accordance with the main provisions of the European Union Convention on Human Rights andBiomedicine (1997), as well as the Helsinki Declaration on Ethical Principles of Medical Research Involving Human Subjects(1964-2008), EU Directive No. 609 (1986), Order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine dated 23.09.2009 No. 690.The work was carried out within the framework of the initiative research work of the Department of Histology, Cytology andEmbryology of the Bukovinian State Medical University «Structural and functional peculiarities of tissues and organs in ontogenesis, regularities of variant, constitutional, sex and age-related and comparative human morphology». State registration number: 0121U110121. Deadlines: 01.2021-12.2025.The results. The fi rst signs of the appearance of ossifi cation centers around the main nervous and visceral contents of the rudiment of the orbit are determined in 6-week-old embryos in the form of seven cartilaginous bone models, and the fi rst centers of ossifi cation among the rudiments of bones participating in the formation of the orbit are found in the rudiment of the maxilla. In the 6th month of intrauterine development, the processes of ossifi cation of the frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid and maxillary bones begin. At the end of the 8th month of intrauterine development, due to the ossifi cation processes of the lesser wing of the sphenoid and frontal bones, the orbit acquires features of a defi nitive structure.From the beginning of the fetal period of human ontogenesis, ossifi cation of the structures of the sphenoid bone continues, which leads to morphological transformations of the orbit in 5-month fetuses – it is separated from the sphenopalatine and infratemporal fossa by a bone layer, the optic canal is formed, and in 6-month fetuses processes of ossifi cation of the frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid and maxillary bones, and Müller’s orbital muscle changes its structure into a fi brous one.The analysis of the age-related dynamics of the morphometric parameters of the orbit during the fetal period of intrauterine development made it possible to establish the peculiarities of changes in its diameter, circumference and area, which are expressed by mathematical functions: diameter of the orbit, mm = –0. 2285+0.4704*x; circumference of the orbit, mm = –0.2924+1.4595*x; area of the orbit, mm2 = –87.8597+8.0387*x, where x is the age of the human fetus in weeks.Conclusion. The critical periods of the development of the orbit are the 6th month of prenatal ontogenesis, during which there is an uneven growth rate of the horizontal size of the orbit in relation to the vertical one, and its shape returns to the mesoconchal, which was previously observed in fetuses, as well as the 8th month, during which the growth of all parameters of the orbit slows down due to intensive processes of organogenesis of its visceral structures.
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Dey, Biswajit, Jitendra Singh Nigam, Jyotsna Naresh Bharti, Ashok Singh, and Vivek Nair. "Osteoarticular tuberculosis: A series of six cases diagnosed on fine-needle aspiration cytology." Cytojournal 19 (March 4, 2022): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/cytojournal_22_2021.
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A few studies are dealing with the role of fine-needle aspiration cytology in diagnosing osteoarticular tuberculosis (TB). The present study was undertaken to study the cytomorphological features of six cases of osteoarticular TB throughout 1 year, diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration cytology. The Papanicolaou, Giemsa, Ziehl–Neelsen, and periodic acid–Schiff stains were used in each case. The sampled material was also cultured in Lowenstein– Jensen media for Mycobacterium species and polymerase chain reaction assay for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Histopathological findings were correlated whenever available. There were four male and two female patients. The age of the patients ranged from 15 to 53 years, with a mean age of 37 years. Most cases involved small bones (4/6) and long bones of upper and lower limbs (2/6). Radiologically, the suspected lesions presented as osteolytic lesions, fractures, and joint destruction. The smears showed epithelioid cell granulomas in 5 out of 6 cases (83.3%), multinucleate and Langhans’ giant cells in 3 out of 6 cases (50%), and only necrosis in 1 case (16.7%). Inflammatory cells were seen in the background in 5 out of 6 cases (83.3%). AFB was positive in 3 cases (50%). Culture in Löwenstein–Jensen media, done in three cases, showed growth of M. tuberculosis. PCR showed positivity for M. tuberculosis in all six cases. Fine-needle aspiration cytology is an easy procedure that can be used for the diagnosis of osteoarticular tuberculosis. Cytomorphologically, smears show epithelioid cell granulomas, multinucleated and Langhan’s’ giant cells, and necrosis.
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Haque, Md Nizamul, ASM Jahangir Chowdhury, and Md Yusuf Ali. "Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Lacrimal Gland Metastasizing after a Short Followup to Multiple Distant Bones - a Case Report with a Review of the Literature." Faridpur Medical College Journal 10, no. 2 (November 7, 2016): 84–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/fmcj.v10i2.30277.
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Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the lacrimal gland is a rare disease, but it is the most common malignant epithelial tumor of the lacrimal gland, with poor prognosis. ACC of the lacrimal gland is notorious for its slow growth and tendency to recur despite surgical therapy and following radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. This tumor type occasionally metastasize via haematogenous spread to lungs, brain and bone in decreasing order of frequency. When it happens, metastases are always multiple and wide. We report a case of a 28-year young man followed in our Hospital with ACC of right lacrimal gland resected on April 2014 and treated with surgery followed by post-operative radiotherapy (50Gy total dose). After one years of follow-up, Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan reported multiple lytic lesions in distant bones specially to multiple sites of vertebral column. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) confirmed metastasis of ACC. No evidence of other loco-regional or distant metastasis were described. Patient was treated with chemotherapy. After treatment, patient is actually in close follow up.Faridpur Med. Coll. J. Jul 2015;10(2): 84-86
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Tsyhykalo, O., I. Popova, R. Dmytrenko, N. Kuzniak, and V. Honcharenko. "PECULIARITIES OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE HUMAN FACIAL REGION OF SKULL." Neonatology, surgery and perinatal medicine 13, no. 2(48) (August 8, 2023): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24061/2413-4260.xiii.2.48.2023.15.
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Introduction. Elucidation of the peculiarities of the morphogenesis of the structures of the human maxillofacial region does not lose its relevance among scientists-anatomists, embryologists, maxillofacial and pediatric surgeons, which is explained by a rather large congenital pathology of the structures of the human face, which rank third among all congenital malformations (CMF). Morphological studies of the sources of rudiments and the chronological sequence of the appearance of the bones of the facial part of the human head, clarifying the critical periods of their development will contribute development of new and improvement of existing methods of early diagnosis and effective surgical correction of CMF of the face.The aim of the study. The aim of this paper was to clarify the sources, to find out the chronological sequence of the appearance of rudiments and the peculiarities of the morphogenesis of the bones of the facial part of the human skull.Material and methods. Specimens of 20 embryos and 25 human pre-fetuses aged from 4 to 12 weeks of intrauterine development (IUD) (4.0-80.0 mm parietal-coccygeal length (PCL)) were studied. A complex of classical and modern methods of morphological research is applied: making and studying a series of consecutive histological sections, microscopy, morphometry, three-dimensional reconstruction.The investigations were performed keeping to the major regulations of the Resolution of the First National Congress on Bioethics «General Ethic Principles of Experiments on Animals» (2001), ICH GCP (1996), the European Union Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine (04.04.1997), and the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals Used for Experimental and Other Scientific Purposes (18.03.1986), the Declaration of Helsinki on Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects (1964-2008), EU Directives №609 (24.11.1986), the Orders of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine № 690 dated 23.09.2009, №944 dated 14.12.2009, № 616 dated 03.08.2012.The work is carried out within the framework of the initiative research work of the Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology of Institution of higher education “Bukovinian State Medical University" "Structural and functional peculiarities of tissues and organs in ontogenesis, regularities of variant, constitutional, sex-, age-related and comparative human morphology". State registration number: 0121U110121. Terms of execution: 01.2021-12.2025.Results. Sources of facial structures – mesenchyme of five facial evaginations (frontal process, paired mandibular and hyoid branchial arches) are determined on specimens of 4-week aged human embryos. At the end of the 4th week of IUD, two processes of the mandibular branchial arch are visible – maxillary and mandibular, and the brain is surrounded by an ectomeningeal capsule, the source of which is mesenchyme of neuroectodermal origin. Its outer layer (ectomeninx) forms the splanchnocranium – the rudiment of the bones of the facial part of the skull, which ossifies in both a membranous and cartilaginous way. In the 5th week of IUD, the process of fusion of the derivatives of facial evaginations begins. In the 6th week of IUD, the mandibular processes of the I branchial arch merge along the midline, forming the rudiment of the mandible. At the 7th week of IUD, the ectomeningeal capsule differentiates into a cartilaginous structure, which at the 8th week of IUD becomes continuous around the brain and gives the sources of the bones of the base of the skull and the cartilaginous nasal capsule. The nasal capsule is the source of development of the ethmoid bone, nasal septum, and lower concha. At the 7th week of IUD the maxillary, medial, and lateral nasal processes connect with each other, which leads to the completion of the morphogenesis of the maxilla. In the 8th week of IUD, the center of ossification is first detected in the suprabrow region of the frontal bone rudiment. In the 9th week of IUD, active processes of osteogenesis occur in the mandible, as a result of which its base is formed, while the coronal and condylar processes are ossified by cartilaginous osteogenesis from secondary centers that appear after the 10th week of IUD. Each nasal bone ossifies from one cartilaginous center at the beginning of the 9th week of IUD, and the lacrimal bones ossify from one membranous center during the 12th week of IUD.Conclusions.1. Disruption in the processes of proliferation, fusion and transformation of the branchial apparatus at the 5-6th weeks of intrauterine development leads to the appearance of severe defects, in particular, cleft upper lip, alveolar process and palate.2. The condensed mesenchyme of the front part of the ectomeningeal capsule (in front of the pituitary gland) has a neuroectodorsal origin, and its outer layer (ectomeninx) forms the splanchnocranium – the source of the bones of the facial part of the skull (frontal, lacrimal, zygomatic, nasal bones, vomer, maxilla and mandible), and ossifies in both a membranous and cartilaginous way.3. The frontal, lacrimal, nasal bones, vomer, as well as the premaxillary part of the maxilla (incisive bone) originate from the mesenchyme of the mandibular branchial arch. The maxilla and the zygomatic bone originate from the mesenchyme of the maxillary process, while the mandible and the tympanic part of the temporal bone originate from the mesenchyme of the mandibular process of the 1st branchial arch.
4. Time intervals during which active proliferative changes and differentiation of embryos occur (7 and 10 weeks of human prenatal development) can be classified as critical periods of development of bone rudiments of the human skull with the possible appearance of congenital malformations.
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Boykova, M. A., O. V. Biketov, and B. A. Naptimerov. "Analysis of the effects of the masseter muscle on the skull of an experimental animal in the presence of a traumatic/changing muscle biomechanics factor." Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University), no. 4 (February 8, 2022): 90–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2021-61-4-90-99.
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Most authors recognize that the currently dominant scientific paradigm assumes that genomic rather than functional factors regulate (cause, control) the growth of cranial bones and cranial sutures. In contrast, the authors of this article offer some clarifications to address some unintentional conceptual misconceptions, based primarily on an extensive review of the relevant current literature and their own experience. This article describes the increased modulation of mechanotransduction produced by skeletal muscle activity, to which bone cells respond maximally. The authors describe the actual chain of events that influences the stimulation of bone cell growth. This influence makes it possible to propose a means of controlling these processes and developing new correction methods, including suppression of phenotypic expression. The authors present the results of a study of the effect of mechanical loading of the masticatory muscles with a continuous stretching stimulus to increase the width of extension of the sagittal suture of the experimental animal in vivo. The methodology is described, and objective instrumental control data are presented. The results of statistical processing are also presented. The authors give empirical data in this paper. These experiments prove that chewing load is one of the primary stimuli that generate craniofacial variations, affecting the structure of the cranial suture. The authors conducted the experimental part of the research at the Vivarium of Conventional Animals Collaborative Center of the Federal Research Center of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
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Agarwal, Preeti, Ashok Kumar, Anurag Singh, Shipra Singh, and Anit Parihar. "Cytological findings of rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata: A rare skeletal dysplasia." IP Journal of Diagnostic Pathology and Oncology 7, no. 3 (September 15, 2022): 204–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.jdpo.2022.049.
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Chondrodysplasia punctata (CDP) is a rare, skeletal dysplasia characterized by stippled, punctuate calcifications around joints and within cartilages. A 4 months old female infant presented to us for aspiration cytology with clinical suspicion of sarcoma due to complaint of ankle swelling and failure to thrive. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) smears were acellular with only calcific deposits. On clinical co-relation depressed nose and frontal bossing were noted. We suspected it to be a case of congenital skeletal dysplasia. Plain X-ray of the lesion was ordered and it revealed stippled calcification in place of ankle bones consistent with chondrodysplasia punctata. The present case is an index case describing the cytology of chondrodysplasia punctata. CDP is mainly a radiologically diagnosed lesion, however the knowledge of its cytological picture through this case will make pathologists alike aware if they encounter such case. The management is basically supportive and rehabilitative.
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Boukhar, Sarag Aboujafar, Ricky Kaneshiro, Alan Schiller, Keith Terada, and Pamela Tauchi-Nishi. "Tibial bone metastasis as an initial presentation of endometrial carcinoma diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration cytology: A case report and review of the literature." CytoJournal 12 (May 21, 2015): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1742-6413.157507.
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Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy in the United States. However, bony metastasis is infrequent and exceptionally rare as the initial presentation. We report a case of a 77-year-old female with a clinically silent endometrial carcinoma who presented with a left tibial metastasis as the first manifestation of her disease. Ours is only the third case diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology, and the first to detail the cytomorphologic features of metastatic endometrial cancer to bone. These microscopic findings, including three-dimensional cohesive clusters with cellular overlapping and cuboidal to columnar cells exhibiting low nuclear: cytoplasmic ratios and partially vacuolated cytoplasm, differ significantly from those of endometrial carcinoma on a Papanicolaou test. The tumor bore similarity to the more commonly encountered metastatic colon cancer, but immunohistochemical staining enabled reliable distinction between these entities. A review of osseous metastases of endometrial cancer demonstrates a predilection for bones of the lower extremity and pelvis with a predominance of the endometrioid histologic subtype. In about a quarter of the cases, the bony metastasis was the first manifestation of the cancer. FNA was an effective diagnostic modality for this unusual presentation of a common malignancy. Awareness of this entity and its differential diagnosis is essential for accurate and timely diagnosis.
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Riaz, Umar, Hadia Wali, Shayan Shahid Ansari, Zujajah Hameed, and Muhammad Saqib. "A large, locally aggressive giant cell tumour arising from the laryngeal cartilage: A Rare Case Report." Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 74, no. 6 (May 24, 2024): 1167–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.47391/jpma.9173.
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Giant cell tumour is a growth predominantly found in long bones of the body. Giant cell tumour has a rare occurrence in the head and neck. A case of a 31 year old male with no known comorbidities at the ENT Department, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad presented with anterior neck swelling and hoarseness of voice. Patient was diagnosed as having Giant Cell Tumour of Larynx (GTCL) proven on FNA cytology and post-operative biopsy. GCTL is an uncommon entity with only 45 reported cases in the world. Key Words: Giant Cell Tumor, Laryngeal Cancer, Thyroid Cartilage, Laryngectomy.
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Khokhlov, A. M., and V. O. Orekhova. "Origin, domestication and dog breeds." Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv 23 (September 9, 2018): 160–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v23.1007.
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Aim. Out of 8 thousand species of mammals, dog is the first domesticated animal. Archaeologists studying the process of human evolution and producing excavations of ancient sites, found the bones of animals, which man ate and also bone remains of animals that lived near the sites. Wolf was the first domesticated animal of primitive tribes. This process began in the Mesolithic era 12–15 thousand years ago. Due to domestication of wolf population many indigenous, transitional and other breeds of dogs appeared. Methods. Using morphological, biochemical and genetic methods of research scientists were able to determine genome and karyotype of wild European wolf and domestic dog. Results. Domestication is a process of historical transformation of wild animals into domesticated ones. Nowadays taking into account genetics research, cytology and special experiments, researchers-cynologists came to the conclusion that only wolf is a direct ancestor of modern dogs. This is confirmed by the fact that wolf and dog have 78 chromosomes and after mating we get fertile litter. The domestication of dogs is a complicated process. While domestication of dogs to the new conditions occurred in captivity, genetic mechanisms well-known to us played an important role – mutation, recombination, hidden reserve of heredity, the direct effect of selection. Conclusions.It was proved by our research that the process of breeding in dogs which appeared as a result of domestication and microevolution of animals was accompanied by specialization and genetic differentiation of dog breeds.
Кeywords: wolf, dog, domestication, karyotype, breed.
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Garner, Michael M., Bruce L. Homer, Elliott R. Jacobson, Rose E. Raskin, Betty J. Hall, Wayne A. Weis, and Kristin H. Berry. "Staining and morphologic features of bone marrow hematopoietic cells in desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii)." American Journal of Veterinary Research 57, no. 11 (November 1, 1996): 1608–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1996.57.11.1608.
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Abstract Objectives To determine optimal site for collection of bone marrow from desert tortoises, and to characterize cytologic staining and morphologic features of bone marrow hematopoietic cells. Animals 16 desert tortoises. Procedure Bone marrow was obtained at necropsy from the pelvis, proximal portion of the humerus, femur, and thickened portions of the cranial to craniolateral and caudal to caudolateral margins of the carapace and plastron for histologic and cytologic examinations. Cytocentrifuged preparations of marrow cells were evaluated for reactivity to cytochemical stains. Results Histologic sections were adequate for evaluating acidophils, acidophil precursors, and erythrocyte precursors. It was difficult to differentiate among monocytes, lymphocytes, thrombocytes, and blast cells, and eosinophils could not be differentiated from heterophils. Basophils were in rare, small clusters of 3 to 12 cells. A few lymphoid follicles were found in the pelvis and long bones. Use of cytochemical staining accomplished differentiation between agranular heterophil precursors and granulated heterophils, and between granulated eosinophils and basophils. Monocytes, azurophils, and monoblasts had similar staining features. Staining of erythrocyte precursors with Sudan black B differentiated them from lymphocytes. Only a few small cells with periodic acid-Schiff-positive cytoplasm were identified as thrombocytes. Lymphocytes did not stain with any of the cytochemical stains. Conclusions For histologic and cytologic evaluation of bone marrow hematopoietic cells, pelvis, proximal portion of the humerus, femur, and thickened portions of the peripheral cranial and caudal regions of the carapace and plastron are suitable sites to collect specimens. There are distinct cytochemical markers for heterophil, monocyte, and erythrocyte precursors, as well as later stage heterophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, and azurophils. (Am J Vet Res 1996;57:1608–1615)
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Sonawane, Sandip S. "Minimally Invasive Management of a Rare Giant Cell Tumor of Talus: A Case Report and Literature Review." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 7, no. 1 (January 2022): 2473011421S0045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011421s00456.
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Category: Ankle; Hindfoot; Other Introduction/Purpose: Giant cell tumor (GCT) of small bones of hand and feet is rare. A benign but locally aggressive neoplasm with a tendency for local recurrence with undifferentiated mesenchymal stromal cells and the presence of abundant, multinucleated giant cells. It occurs in a slightly younger age group with usually an expansile and eccentric epiphyseo-metaphyseal region lytic lesion. A 22 yrs. old patient, presenting as lytic expansile lesion of talus, suspected Giant cell tumor (GCT) of talus preoperatively and intraoperatively and proven subsequently, is presented along with review of literature. This patient is the young and nearly 24th case reported in the literature for GCT of talus. Methods: Author reviewed the literature for the GCT of talus from 1964 to till 2021. The author reported a case of left ankle joint pain and swelling for 6 months in a 22 yrs. old male, which turns out to be aneurysmal bone cyst of talus on radiographs, Computed tomography and aspiration cytology. Campanacci grade II lesion was planned for the curettage and autologous bone grafting. Results: Retrospectively, the intraoperative biopsy confirmed the lesion as giant cell tumor with aneurysmal bone cyst. After 4 years the lesion showed the near complete resolution on radiographs and CT scan. However, because of the historical recurrence and metastasis reports of GCT, author is continuously monitoring patient's ankle with yearly follow up. Author reviwed the literarue for the GCT of talus from 1964 to till 2021. Author found total of 23 reported cases for GCT of talus in literature, out of which 2 cases showed recurrence and distant metastasis to chest which is 8.69 percent of total cases. Conclusion: Author concludes that the Campanacci grade I and II can be managed with mini-open lesional curettage and autologous bone grafting while grade III and IV needed osteotomy, en-bloc excisions and tibio-calcaneal fusion or below knee amputation in recurrent or aggressive lesions. As author found 8.69 percent cases of distant pulmonary metastasis out of total reported cases, he recommends yearly follow up of the lesions and look for distant metastasis in suspected cases.
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Sajid, Ansari, Ahmad Kaleem, Amanullah Md Farid, Dhungel Kanchan, Gupta Mukesh Kumar, and RK Rauiyar. "Paraspinal Extraosseous Ewing's Sarcoma With Disseminated Metastases Masquerading As Pott's Spine." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 12, no. 3 (June 24, 2013): 334–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v12i3.15447.
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A 16 years old girl presented with low back pain, fever and weakness in both lower limbs for 3 months. Plain radiograph shows lytic lesion in first sacral vertebra and multiple lung nodules. In suspicion of tuberculosis, antitubercular drugs were advised. But magnetic resonance imaging revealed right paraspinal soft tissue mass with multiple lesions in several vertebrae causing spinal canal compression alongwith lesions in iliac bones, sacrum, lung parenchyma and scalp tissue. Fine needle aspiration cytology and biopsy revealed Ewings sarcoma. Patient was referred to higher centre for chemotherapy/radiotherapy. Herein we report this rare case of extraosseous Ewings sarcoma with disseminated metastases masquerading as Potts spine. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 12 No. 03 July 13 Page 334-338 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v12i3.15447
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Ansari, Sana, and Zineb Hassan. "UNVEILING FOLLICULAR THYROID CARCINOMA: A CASE OF EXTENSIVE CHEST WALL METASTASIS." Global Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences 02, no. 01 (January 1, 2023): 01–06. http://dx.doi.org/10.55640/gjmps-abcd02.
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Follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) typically presents with distant metastases, commonly involving the lungs and bones. However, extensive chest wall metastasis as the initial presentation of FTC is rare and poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Here, we report a case of extensive chest wall metastasis revealing FTC in a 54-year-old female patient. The patient presented with a rapidly growing chest wall mass associated with pain and discomfort. Imaging studies revealed multiple lytic lesions involving the ribs and sternum. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the chest wall mass confirmed the diagnosis of FTC. The patient underwent total thyroidectomy followed by adjuvant radioiodine therapy. Despite aggressive management, the disease progressed rapidly, highlighting the aggressive behavior of FTC with chest wall involvement. This case underscores the importance of considering FTC in the differential diagnosis of chest wall masses and the need for comprehensive staging and management strategies in such cases.
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De Abreu, Claudine Botelho, Rodrigo Bernardes Nogueira, Luiz Eduardo Duarte De Oliveira, Flávia Dada Paiva, Antônio Carlos Cunha Lacreta Junior, and Josilene Nascimento Seixas. "Multiple Myeloma in a Dog." Acta Scientiae Veterinariae 44, no. 1 (January 16, 2016): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.84398.
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Background: The multiple myeloma is a neoplasia characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of plasma cells (plasmacytes) in the bone marrow and in other tissues. The infiltration of the neoplasia cells associated to the high level of anomalous immunoglobulin production (M protein) results in a variety of clinic-pathologic anomalies. It is a rare disease in dogs, corresponding to 0.3% of all malignant neoplasia and 2% of the hematopoietic, with few literature descriptions. So, the present paper aims at properly report a multiple myeloma in a dog of non-defined breed, emphasizing the clinic, laboratorial, radiographic and pathologic aspects.Case: In a Veterinary Teaching Hospital, an 11-year-old dog of non-defined breed was admitted, weighing 10.8 kg of body mass. The clinic history was claudication of the right thoracic member, hyporexia and lethargy in the past 20 days. The main abnormalities in the physical examination were holosystolic cardiac murmur III/VI on mitral focus, and high sensibility to touch in the right humerus. Laboratory tests showed pancytopenia, serum hypercalcemia and Bence-Jones proteinuria. Radiographic examination confirmed polyostotic punctate osteolysis on the right humerus; pelvic, femurs and vertebrae bones from L2 to L7, on generalized condition. Cytology by aspiration puncture from the left femur marrow bone did not confirm neoplasia cells. The clinic condition of the referred animal was progressively getting worse and euthanasia was performed. At the dog’s necropsy it was spotted tumor infiltrations on the femur, the humerus and the vertebrae canal. Histopathological exam of the bone marrow revealed diffuse occupation by distinguished plasmacytes, in some áreas reaching around 100% of cell population. Metastases on the primary tumor were found on the liver, kidney and spleen.Discussion: The diagnosis of multiple myeloma in this dog was confirmed by bone marrow histopathological exam. It is confirmed when there is more than 20% of plasmacytes in the examined structure. In this report, certain areas were spotted with 100% occupation of neoplasia cells. On the other hand, the first cytological assess did not reveal any abnormalities, suggesting that the place which received the puncture (aspiration) was not infiltrated by tumor cells. It is described that in the bone marrow may occur grouping of plasmacytes, as it was observed the animal’s necropsy of this report. This aspect point out that the diagnosis cannot be discarded only with a negative cytological exam from the bone marrow; especially if there are clinic, laboratorial and radiographic signs compatible to the illness. The spotted clinic signs by this patient are frequent in dogs with multiple myeloma, as well as the laboratory results, except to the monoclonal gammopathy. Due to a no realization of electrophoresis, this abnormality cannot be confirmed. At the initial assessment of the disease, the radiographic exam is considered golden standard as it was observed in this dog. The radiographic abnormalities were determinant, once they conducted the diagnosis towards the suspected neoplasia. According to current diagnosis criteria, on this present case, the pancytopenia, serum hypercalcemia and Bence-Jones proteinuria also helped towards the suspicion of multiple myeloma. However, the evaluation of the bone marrow was decisive to the final diagnosis; and a special attention was given to puncture more than one place in the bone marrow, which improved/enhanced the diagnosis possibility in this patient.Keywords: plasma cells, bone marrow, pancytopenia, osteolysis, radiography.
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Cha, Hyung Keun, Jun Hyeok Lim, Woo Kyung Ryu, Lucia Kim, and Jeong-Seon Ryu. "Solitary Uncommon Metastasis in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer." Reports 6, no. 1 (February 15, 2023): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/reports6010008.
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The major sites of metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are bones, the brain, adrenal glands, the liver, the contralateral lung, and distant lymph nodes. Solitary metastasis in an uncommon site is very rare; therefore, it has not often been reported. Identifying whether a solitary lesion is a metastatic lesion is important because it decisively influences the stage and treatment decisions. We report a series of cases of NSCLC diagnosis with uncommon solitary metastasis. (1) A 71-year-old man was diagnosed with poorly differentiated NSCLC after a bronchoscopic biopsy of a tumor in the bronchus of the right middle lobe. A hypermetabolic lesion was observed in the tail of the pancreas using positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), and metastasis of NSCLC was confirmed using endoscopic ultrasound fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA). (2) A 77-year-old man was diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma after a bronchoscopic biopsy of a tumor in the bronchus of the left upper lobe. A hypermetabolic lesion was observed in the bilateral lobes of the thyroid gland using PET/CT, and metastasis of the squamous cell carcinoma was confirmed by FNA and cytology. (3) A 79-year-old woman was diagnosed with adenocarcinoma by brushing cytology performed on the apicoposterior segmental bronchus of the left upper lobe. Hypermetabolic lesions were observed using PET/CT in the subcutaneous layer of the right back and the left breast, and metastases of adenocarcinoma were confirmed by biopsies in each lesion. These three patients were treated with platinum-based chemotherapy for stage IV lung cancer. With this case series, we recommend that, when a solitary lesion is observed in NSCLC patients, a tissue biopsy should be performed, even if the lesion is located in an organ where lung cancer metastasis is uncommon.
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Ferguson, Nicole M., Michel Lévy, José A. Ramos-Vara, Debra K. Baird, and Ching Ching Wu. "Hypertrophic Osteopathy Associated with Mycotic Pneumonia in Two Juvenile Elk (Cervus Elaphus)." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 20, no. 6 (November 2008): 849–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063870802000628.
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Two yearling bull elk ( Cervus elaphus) from the same farm developed anorexia, weight loss, and lameness. On physical examination, both elk were thin and showed diffuse swelling of all lower limbs. Radiographs of the lower limbs showed periosteal thickening of the distal extremities, consistent with hypertrophic osteopathy. Thoracic radiographs indicated the presence of pulmonary nodules. Cytologic evaluations of tracheal washes on both elk were consistent with inflammation. Acid-fast stains on both samples were negative. Because of the poor prognosis, both elk were euthanized. At necropsy, the carpal, metacarpal, tarsal, and metatarsal bones, as well as the radius, ulna, and tibia had thickening of cortical bone. There were multiple encapsulated nodules throughout the lungs, lymph nodes, and kidney, and smaller nodules in the myocardium. On microscopic examination, these nodules contained myriads of hyphae, and immunohistochemistry for Aspergillus sp. was strongly positive. Aspergillus fumigatus was isolated from affected tissue in 1 elk. Necropsy findings in both elk were consistent with disseminated fungal granulomas and periosteal hyperostosis. This case presents the first description of hypertrophic osteopathy in elk. The source of infection was undetermined, but inhalation of spores from contaminated feed or bedding was suspected.
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Zaharopoulos, Paul. "Primary intraosseous (central) salivary gland neoplasms in jaw bones: Report of a mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the mandible diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration cytology." Diagnostic Cytopathology 31, no. 4 (2004): 271–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dc.20114.
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Gelsomino, Francesco, Giuseppe Lamberti, Valentina Ambrosini, Francesca Sperandi, Roberto Agosti, Alessio G. Morganti, and Andrea Ardizzoni. "Metachronous Solitary Metastasis to the Thyroid Gland from Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung: A Case Report and Literature Review." Tumori Journal 103, no. 1_suppl (November 2017): S12—S15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/tj.5000605.
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Introduction Non-small cell lung cancer presents at an advanced stage at diagnosis in two-thirds of cases. The most frequent metastatic sites are the central nervous system, adrenal glands and bones. By contrast, the thyroid gland is an extremely rare site of dissemination. Case description A 64-year-old Caucasian man previously treated with radiosurgery and brain metastasectomy followed by right middle lobectomy for a squamous cell lung carcinoma had a metachronous solitary metastasis to the thyroid gland, as confirmed by fine-needle aspiration cytology and open biopsy. He underwent curative radiotherapy, with an initial response. At 9 months’ follow-up the tumor relapsed both in the thyroid and the lung. Discussion and conclusions Review of the literature confirmed that thyroid metastasis from lung cancer is very uncommon in clinical practice. No data on the role of surgery or curative radiotherapy in thyroid metastasis are available because of the lack of prospective studies addressing the impact on survival of these treatment strategies either alone or in combination. In the case described here, radical treatment with radiotherapy allowed to obtain a modest benefit in terms of relapse-free survival. A diagnosis of metastasis to the thyroid gland should be suspected in patients who present a thyroid nodule or suggestive imaging findings when there is a history of malignancy, including lung cancer. Indeed, an early diagnosis allows to pursue radical treatment that, in selected patients, could lead to long-term survival.
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Kabilan, S., C. Abeykoon, B. M. L. N. Bandaranayaka, K. A. R. K. Perera, and H. Ariyarathna. "Severe calcinosis circumscripta in multiple foot pads in a 5- month old pomeranian puppy secondary to renal disease – a case report." Sri Lanka Veterinary Journal 70, no. 2 (December 31, 2023): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/slvj.v70i2.74.
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A 5-month old Pomeranian puppy with lameness in all four limbs, polydipsia, polyuria, vomiting, and melena observed approximately for one month was presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Peradeniya. The metacarpal and metatarsal foot pads of all four limbs were swollen with chalky white, mottling. The differential diagnoses for the foot pad lesions were fungal granuloma, calcinosis circumscripta, and neoplasia. The fine needle aspirates obtained from the foot pad lesions were chalky white, gritty, and microscopically consistent with mineral deposits. Plain radiographs of the metacarpals revealed deposition of radiopaque material in metacarpal and digital foot pads with normal bones and joints. Based on the gross lesions, radiography, and fine needle aspiration cytology, a tentative diagnosis of calcinosis circumscripta of foot pads was made. Haematology and serum chemistry revealed microcytic hypochromic anaemia and mild azotaemia. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed small right and left kidneys with increased overall echogenicity and poor corticomedullary differentiation. The historical, clinical, radiographic, and ultrasonographic findings were suggestive of calcinosis circumscripta in multiple foot pads with concurrent renal disease. The very young age of the dog was highly suggestive of renal dysplasia as the cause of concurrent renal disease. Despite the supportive and symptomatic treatments, the puppy died five days after the presentation. This appears to be the first report of calcinosis circumscripta of foot pads with evidence of renal disease diagnosed in a dog less than one year old.
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Gupta, Sharmila, and Manas Bandyopadhyay. "Tuberculosis positivity in different clinical samples and their rifampicin resistance status detected by Truenat MTB/RIF assay in a tertiary care hospital." National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology 14, no. 3 (2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2023.13.08384202311082023.
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Background: Tuberculosis (TB) causes 1.8 million deaths per year globally. TB is now a global priority for research and development. India accounts for >1/4th of global TB burden - 27 lakh out of 1 Crore new cases annually. Many patients with extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) can have pulmonary involvement who can be potentially infectious. Aims and Objectives: This study was undertaken to measure TB positivity and their rifampicin resistance rates in different clinical samples. Sputum TB positivity in EPTB patients was also detected. Materials and Methods: Different samples of clinically suspected patients accounting for 1427 patients for 3 months were tested for TB positivity and Rifampicin resistance by Truenat MTB/RIF assay in R. G. Kar MCH. Biopsy, bones, and tissues were excluded due to lack of facility. Their demographic profile and risk factors were recorded. Results: TB positivity and rifampicin resistance rates in positive samples respectively – sputum (19.01%, 7.86%), pleural fluid (10.78%, 9.11%), bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (4%, 0%), DTA (0%, 0%), gastric lavage (5.26%, 0%), L.N. fine needle aspiration cytology (6.25%, 0%), ascitic fluid (2.13%, 0%), cerebrospinal fluid (5.17%, 0%), urine (2.13%, 0%), and synovial fluid (50%, 0%). Rifampicin resistance was more common among pulmonary samples. Patients with pleural TB had the highest associated sputum TB positivity. Important risk factors were smoking, diabetes, HIV infection, and post-COVID. Overall, the most common age group affected: 21–40 years (38%) including males (64.8%) and females (35.2%). Conclusion: Truenat, sensitive and specific testing with low turnaround time in resource-poor settings is excellent for early diagnosis and prompt treatment of both pulmonary and EPTB. Overall, pulmonary TB had greater rifampicin resistance rates. Smoking, diabetes, HIV infection, and post-COVID infection were associated risk factors.
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Barger, Anne M. "Cytology of Bone." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice 47, no. 1 (January 2017): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2016.07.005.
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Browne, Sue. "The Bone." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 51, S2 (1985): 46–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00078300.
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In all, 1065 fragments of bone were recovered from trench B. The bulk of the bone (868 fragments: 81%) came from the ditch; 121 fragments came from pits and scoops, 74 fragments from post holes and 1 fragment from a layer in the ‘working area’. Four of the pits and three of the post holes are in the ‘working area’ and they contained a total of 104 fragments of bone; the five post holes interpreted as a four-post structure contained 40 fragments of bone. With the exception of post holes 96 and 117, which contained one and two fragments of bone respectively, no bone was recovered from contexts east of the ditch running north-south at the eastern side of the site (39 and 78), nor from those contexts lying between its terminals. Two fragments of worked bone were recovered, one from context 5 in the ditch and one from post hole 75, which also contained one of the bird bones; the other bird bone came from context 41 in the ditch. The human remains and the dog bones were recovered exclusively from the ditch. The distribution of the bones of the larger domesticates and pig indicates consistency and continuity in disposal practices: 95.6% of the identified horse bones, 92.5% of the identified cattle bones and 80.5% of the identified pig bones w*re recovered from the ditch. Only the caprovid bones were spread more evenly over the site: 66.7% came from the ditch, 26.1% from the pits and scoops and 7.2% from post holes. Fragments of burnt bone were recovered from contexts 3 (ditch), 16 (post hole) and 107 (pit). Butchered and gnawed bones were distributed without any particular pattern in all three types of bone-bearing context.
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Oxnard, Charles E. "Bone, bones and biomechanics." Nature 315, no. 6019 (June 1985): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/315521a0.
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Garrity, Philip S. "Bone of my bones." Lancet 387, no. 10024 (March 2016): 1154–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(16)30009-5.
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Grindem, Carol B., Jennifer A. Neel, and Tarja A. Juopperi. "Cytology of bone marrow." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice 32, no. 6 (November 2002): 1313–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0195-5616(02)00052-9.
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Wähnert, Dirk, Konrad L. Hoffmeier, Yves Stolarczyk, Rosemarie Fröber, Gunther O. Hofmann, and Thomas Mückley. "Evaluation of a Customized Artificial Osteoporotic Bone Model of the Distal Femur." Journal of Biomaterials Applications 26, no. 4 (May 28, 2010): 451–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0885328210367830.
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In the development of new implants biomechanical testing is essential. Since human bones vary markedly in density and geometry their suitability for biomechanical testing is limited. In contrast artificial bones are of great uniformity and therefore appropriate for biomechanical testing. However, the applied artificial bones have to be proved as comparable to human bone. An anatomical shaped artificial bone representing the distal human femur was created by foaming polyurethane. To get a bone model with properties of osteoporotic bone a foam density of 150 kg/m3 was used. The biomechanical properties of our artificial bones were evaluated against eight mildly osteoporotic fresh frozen human femora by mechanical testing. At the artificial bones all tested parameters showed a very small variation. In contrast significant correlation between bone mass density and tested parameters was found for the human bones. The artificial bones reached 39% of the compression strength and 41% of the screw pullout force of the human bone. In indentation testing the artificial bones reached 27% (cancellous) and 59% (cortical) respectively of the human bones strength. Regarding Shore hardness artificial bone and human bone showed comparable results for the cortical layer and at the cancellous layer the artificial bone reached 57% of human bones hardness. Our described method for customizing of artificial bones regarding their shape and bone stock quality provides suitable results. In relation to the as mildly osteoporotic classified human bones we assume that the biomechanical properties matching to serve osteoporotic bone.
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Lanting, J. N., A. T. Aerts-Bijma, and J. van der Plicht. "Dating of Cremated Bones." Radiocarbon 43, no. 2A (2001): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200038078.
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When dating unburnt bone, bone collagen, the organic fraction of the bone, is used. Collagen does not survive the heat of the cremation pyre, so dating of cremated bone has been considered impossible. Structural carbonate in the mineral fraction of the bone, however, survives the cremation process. We developed a method of dating cremated bone by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), using this carbonate fraction. Here we present results for a variety of prehistoric sites and ages, showing a remarkable success rate for this method.
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Kumar, Manoj, George Joseph, Seena Kumar, and Malcolm Clayton. "Fish bone as a foreign body." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 117, no. 7 (July 2003): 568–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002221503322113058.
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Fish bones are one of the most common foreign bodies in the upper aero-digestive tract. The use of plain X-ray in identifying fish bones has questionable value. We believe that the knowledge of the type of the fish ingested improves the diagnostic value of the neck X-rays. This study was designed to evaluate the relative radio-densities of the bones of commonly eaten fish in the UK. Twenty-three species of fish were studied and their bones were grouped into three depending upon their ratio-densities. This information is expected to be useful in identifying fish bones while reading plain radiography.
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Rayner, Colin R. "Remodeling of bone and bones." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 78, no. 3 (September 1986): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-198609000-00101.
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Stan, Emanuela, Camelia-Oana Muresan, Ecaterina Daescu, Raluca Dumache, Veronica Ciocan, Stefania Ungureanu, Dan Costachescu, and Alexandra Enache. "A Review of Histological Techniques for Differentiating Human Bone from Animal Bone." Methods and Protocols 7, no. 4 (June 30, 2024): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mps7040051.
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The first step in anthropological study is the positive identification of human remains, which can be a challenging undertaking when bones are broken. When bone pieces from different species are mixed together, it can be crucial to distinguish between them in forensic and archaeological contexts. For years, anthropology and archaeology have employed the histomorphological analysis of bones to evaluate species-specific variations. Based on variations in the dimensions and configuration of Haversian systems between the two groups, these techniques have been devised to distinguish between non-human and human bones. All of those techniques concentrate on a very particular kind of bone, zone, and segment. Histomorphometric techniques make the assumption that there are size, form, and quantity variations between non-humans and humans. The structural components of Haversian bones are significant enough to use discriminant function analysis to separate one from the other. This review proposes a comprehensive literature analysis of the various strategies or techniques available for distinguishing human from non-human bones to demonstrate that histomorphological analysis is the most effective method to be used in the case of inadequate or compromised samples.
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Coard, R. "One Bone, Two Bones, Wet Bones, Dry Bones: Transport Potentials Under Experimental Conditions." Journal of Archaeological Science 26, no. 11 (October 1999): 1369–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jasc.1999.0438.
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Sihaloho, Kristina, and Tampak Linggom. "IDENTIFIKASI TULANG BELULANG." Majalah Ilmiah METHODA 12, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.46880/methoda.vol12no1.pp37-44.
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Forensic identification is an attempt that made with the purpose of assisting the investigator to determine a person's identity. According to the identification of the bones process, we can obtain the information relating to a person's identity such as race, gender, age, and height estimates. In this case report, we discuss the identification of the bones found by locals in a place, which allegedly belongs to human bones. This discovery was reported to the police for investigation. After that, the bones were identified by a forensic expert based on a visa application letter from the police.. These bones are distinguished on the basis of an assessment of the similarities or differences in bone shape, bone size, bone color, bone density (bone), total bone, left and right bones and assessment of parts of the bones. From the results of this observation, it can be stated that the bones are derived from human.
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Cowin, S. C. "Structural Adaptation of Bones." Applied Mechanics Reviews 43, no. 5S (May 1, 1990): S126—S133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3120791.
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Living bone tissue, like many other connective tissues, is a structural material that adapts its form and microstructure to changing environmental loading conditions. Bone tissue adapts not only its shape, but also its density and the details of its microstructure including its anisotropy. The anisotropy of bone is adapted in both its degree or strength and in the orientation of its principal axes of symmetry. These adaptive features of bone tissue are often referred to as aspects of Wolff’s law, although, strictly speaking, the term “Wolff’s law” applies only to the structural adaptation of spongy or trabecular bone. In this paper the composition, microstructure, mechanical properties and structurally adaptive features of bone are briefly reviewed. An algebraic formulation of Wolff’s law at remodeling equilibrium is described, and the nature of an evolutionary Wolff’s law is sketched.
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De Nardi, Andrigo Barboza, Cristina de Oliveira Massoco Salles Gomes, Carlos Eduardo Fonseca-Alves, Felipe Noleto de Paiva, Laís Calazans Menescal Linhares, Gabriel João Unger Carra, Rodrigo dos Santos Horta, et al. "Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment of Canine Hemangiosarcoma: A Review Based on a Consensus Organized by the Brazilian Association of Veterinary Oncology, ABROVET." Cancers 15, no. 7 (March 29, 2023): 2025. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15072025.
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Hemangiosarcoma is a mesenchymal neoplasm originating in the endothelial cells of blood vessels; they can be classified as non-visceral and visceral types. Non-visceral hemangiosarcomas can affect the skin, subcutaneous tissues, and muscle tissues; visceral hemangiosarcomas can affect the spleen, liver, heart, lungs, kidneys, oral cavity, bones, bladder, uterus, tongue, and retroperitoneum. Among domestic species, dogs are most affected by cutaneous HSA. Cutaneous HSA represents approximately 14% of all HSA diagnosed in this species and less than 5% of dermal tumors, according to North American studies. However, Brazilian epidemiological data demonstrate a higher prevalence, which may represent 27 to 80% of all canine HSAs and 13.9% of all skin neoplasms diagnosed in this species. Cutaneous HSA most commonly affects middle-aged to elderly dogs (between 8 and 15 years old), with no gender predisposition for either the actinic or non-actinic forms. The higher prevalence of cutaneous HSA in some canine breeds is related to lower protection from solar radiation, as low skin pigmentation and hair coverage lead to greater sun exposure. Actinic changes, such as solar dermatosis, are frequent in these patients, confirming the influence of solar radiation on the development of this neoplasm. There are multiple clinical manifestations of hemangiosarcoma in canines. The diagnostic approach and staging classification of cutaneous HSAs are similar between the different subtypes. The definitive diagnosis is obtained through histopathological analysis of incisional or excisional biopsies. Cytology can be used as a presurgical screening test; however, it has little diagnostic utility in cases of HSA because there is a high risk of blood contamination and sample hemodilution. Surgery is generally the treatment of choice for dogs with localized non-visceral HSA without evidence of metastatic disease. Recently, electrochemotherapy (ECT) has emerged as an alternative therapy for the local ablative treatment of different neoplastic types; the use of radiotherapy for the treatment of dogs with cutaneous HSA is uncommon. There is greater consensus in the literature regarding the indications for adjuvant chemotherapy in subcutaneous and muscular HSA; doxorubicin is the most frequently used antineoplastic agent for subcutaneous and muscular subtypes and can be administered alone or in combination with other drugs. Other therapies include antiangiogenic therapy, photodynamic therapy, the association of chemotherapy with the metronomic dose, targeted therapies, and natural products. The benefits of these therapies are presented and discussed. In general, the prognosis of splenic and cardiac HSA is unfavorable. As a challenging neoplasm, studies of new protocols and treatment modalities are necessary to control this aggressive disease.
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Luik, Heidi, and Liina Maldre. "Animal Bones and Bone Artefacts from the Viking Age Site of Tornimäe in Saaremaa." Archaeologia Lituana 21 (December 28, 2020): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/archlit.2019.21.3.
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Archaeological investigations in Tornimäe in the eastern part of the island Saaremaa took place in 1963, 1968 and 2004. Artefacts found during the excavations are mainly dated to the Viking Age. Most of the finds are pottery shards, some metal artefacts were found, and also animal bones. The majority of mammal bones are bones of domestic animals. Nearly half of these are caprine bones, bones of cattle, pig and horse are less numerous. Wild game bones are few, only seals were hunted more often. Bird and fish bones are also represented. Only a few bone artefacts were among the finds, more fragments of bone items were found among the animal bones during the identification of osteological material. The bone artefacts found in Tornimäe are rather simple items which do not require special skills from the bone worker and could have been made by the users of these artefacts. The uses of bone artefacts are well suited with the location of the site at the seashore.
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Mammadova, Aytan Siraj, MaKenzie Hodge, Kehinde Matilda Folawewo, Elizabeth Cobbs, Gail Louise Nunlee-Bland, Wolali Akua-Sabia Odonkor, Vijaya A. Ganta, and Anteneh Woldetensay Zenebe. "Bones Versus Teeth." Journal of the Endocrine Society 5, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): A185—A186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab048.375.
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Abstract Introduction: A 200% increase in population growth among those over 85 is projected in the United States by 2050. Approximately half of women over 50 will experience an osteoporotic fracture in their lifetime. Osteoporosis disproportionately affects old-old adults (those between 85 and 95) as more than half of those admitted to the hospital for hip fracture are over 80 years of age. Older adults are also likely to need dental care. The American Dental Association guidelines offer preventive recommendations for those over 60 years of age but do not address the nuances of treatment options for nonagenarian persons. This case illustrates the treatment dilemma of nonagenarians wishing to optimize both bone and dental health. Case: We have a 95-year-old performance artist, who seeks to optimize bone health in the face of recommended dental work. She has been physically active her whole life and consumes adequate quantities of calcium and Vitamin D. She doesn’t smoke but has needed periodic glucocorticoids for exacerbations of chronic lung disease. At age 84 she began ibandronate but stopped due to worsening of esophageal reflux. She was then treated with teriparatide for 2 years. DEXA scans have shown declining hip T scores from -2.8 at age 88 to -3.5 at age 94 (osteoporotic bone density: T-score lower than -2.5). Her dentist recommended the extraction of several teeth before beginning zoledronate. She refused tooth extraction and sought treatment options to enhance her bone density. Discussion: Persons of advanced age are likely to have oral health problems requiring dental treatment. Bone health treatments such as bisphosphonates and denosumab are generally safe but can potentially cause osteonecrosis of the jaw even with simple tooth extraction in old-old population. Specific guidelines are lacking for treatment to maintain bone and dental health. The American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons suggests that extractions and implants can be conducted as usual in patients who have been treated with oral bisphosphonates for less than four years and lack other clinical risk factors. A delay of two months is suggested for those who have been treated for more than four years or has taken glucocorticoids concomitantly. The approach is uncertain for old-old adults who are taking treatment but develop a need for dental surgery. More research is needed about options for optimizing dental health while enhancing bone density in aging population.
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Teraoka, Kay, Yuichi Tei, Nobuo Sasaki, Shigeru Suzuki, and Katsuhisa Takane. "An Introduction of New Artificial Bone Unit “Tetra-Bone”." Key Engineering Materials 361-363 (November 2007): 163–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.361-363.163.
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We fabricated a small α-TCP ceramic unit having four pods, named “Tetra-bone” employing a ceramic injection molding. Tetra-bone can keep uniform concave geometry among the pods as well as immobilizing each other. Owing to the monotony of Tetra-bone, weight of Tetrabones used can be converted into the number of Tetra-bones, volume that can be filled with Tetrabones, and the number of functional structures. By using Tetra-bones, bone defects can be filled with intentional geometry that helps to discuss the relation between geometric features of pores and bone formation.
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K.P., Aiswarya, Priya V.S, Deepthi Raj M.L, and Indira K. "Role of Sediment Cytology in the Early Diagnosis of Bone Lesions and Its Comparison with Histopathological Findings." Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare 8, no. 03 (January 18, 2021): 162–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2021/31.
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BACKGROUND Though histopathology is the gold standard investigation for diagnosing most benign and malignant lesions of bone, the decalcification process required for removing bone hardness makes it a time-consuming process. Sediment cytology is a rapid investigative procedure utilising the cells in the specimen containers after proper fixation, processing and staining. The objective of this study was to compare the diagnostic efficacy of sediment cytology of bone lesions with the histopathology. METHODS The study was conducted in 50 samples of bony tissues received in the histopathology lab during the study time. The fixative fluid containing specimens were first agitated for procuring the cells from the sample. The sediment obtained was processed and stained as a cytology sample and studied under microscope. Based on cytology findings they were classified into benign, malignant, inflammatory and inconclusive. The specimen was processed as routine histopathologic sample and final diagnosis was made from it. RESULTS Sediment cytology of malignant bone lesions showed a very high specificity (100 %) but only a moderate sensitivity of 80 %. Sediment cytology of benign bone lesions also showed a higher specificity of 100 % but only a moderate sensitivity of 84.6 %. CONCLUSIONS If adequately cellular, biopsy sediment cytology is a simple, inexpensive, rapid tool for the early diagnosis of bone lesions. Sediment cytology can act as a good complementary test to histopathology. KEYWORDS Bone Lesions, Cytology, Sediment Cytology, Histopathology
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Amin, Bilal, Atif Shahzad, Martin O’Halloran, and Muhammad Adnan Elahi. "Microwave Bone Imaging: A Preliminary Investigation on Numerical Bone Phantoms for Bone Health Monitoring." Sensors 20, no. 21 (November 5, 2020): 6320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20216320.
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Microwave tomography (MWT) can be used as an alternative modality for monitoring human bone health. Studies have found a significant dielectric contrast between healthy and diseased human trabecular bones. A set of diverse bone phantoms were developed based on single-pole Debye parameters of osteoporotic and osteoarthritis human trabecular bones. The bone phantoms were designed as a two-layered circular structure, where the outer layer mimics the dielectric properties of the cortical bone and the inner layer mimics the dielectric properties of the trabecular bone. The electromagnetic (EM) inverse scattering problem was solved using a distorted Born iterative method (DBIM). A compressed sensing-based linear inversion approach referred to as iterative method with adaptive thresholding for compressed sensing (IMATCS) has been employed for solving the underdetermined set of linear equations at each DBIM iteration. To overcome the challenges posed by the ill-posedness of the EM inverse scattering problem, the L2-based regularization approach was adopted in the amalgamation of the IMATCS approach. The simulation results showed that osteoporotic and osteoarthritis bones can be differentiated based on the reconstructed dielectric properties even for low values of the signal-to-noise ratio. These results show that the adopted approach can be used to monitor bone health based on the reconstructed dielectric properties.
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Seo, Yong-Ho, Su-Hyun Hwang, Yu-Na Kim, Hyung-Joon Kim, Eun-Bin Bae, and Jung-Bo Huh. "Bone Reconstruction Using Two-Layer Porcine-Derived Bone Scaffold Composed of Cortical and Cancellous Bones in a Rabbit Calvarial Defect Model." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 5 (February 28, 2022): 2647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23052647.
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In this study, we aimed to investigate the bone regeneration efficiency of two-layer porcine-derived bone scaffolds composed of cancellous and cortical bones in a rabbit calvarial defect model. Four circular calvaria defects were formed on cranium of rabbit and were filled with block bone scaffolds of each group: cortical bone block (Cortical group), cancellous bone block (Cancellous group), and two-layer bone block (2layer group). After 8 weeks, new bones were primarily observed in cancellous parts of the Cancellous and 2layer groups, while the Cortical group exhibited few new bones. In the results of new bone volume and area analyses, the Cancellous group showed the highest value, followed by the 2layer group, and were significantly higher than the Cortical group. Within the limitations of this study, the cancellous and two-layer porcine-derived bone scaffolds showed satisfactory bone regeneration efficiency; further studies on regulating the ratio of cortical and cancellous bones in two-layer bones are needed.
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Hinojosa, Servando Z. "Ossified and Materialized Selves in Three Manuscripts of Colonial Guatemala: Connections with the Sacred Instrumentality of Bone." Ethnohistory 66, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 667–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00141801-7683276.
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Abstract Guatemalan colonial-period documents have proven valuable for revealing Maya thinking about bone, especially how Mayas imbued bones with personal identity. At key moments in the narratives of three Guatemalan manuscripts, the Rabinal Achi, Xpantzay Cartulary, and Pop Wuj, Mayas materialized the self of important individuals through their bones, treating the bones at times like captives. By doing this, colonial-era Mayas were revealing their ideational linkages with Mayas from the Classic and Postclassic periods who practiced ancestor veneration using bones. In this network of practices, Classic-, Postclassic-, and colonial-era Mayas linked human bones to enduring personal forces and used bones to support claims of ancestry to specific people. This study explores this feature of Maya life, and then analyzes how Mayas of the last hundred years now value bone more for other, non-ancestral ritual utilities. They have shifted from treating certain bones as a materialization of self to viewing bones in terms of the practical potentialities the bones encase, employing a mode of engagement exemplified by Tz’utujiil Maya bonesetters who treat broken bones with sacralized bones and bone surrogates. This work examines how bone use has oscillated between these two modes, contrasting how Mayas of the Classic, Postclassic, and colonial periods treated certain bones as a materialization of self against how Mayas of more recent decades have come to emphasize the sacred instrumentality of bone and put it to active use.
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Shadlinski V.B. and Abdullayev A.S. "Wormian bones: shape, location and relation to each other." Journal of Theoretical, Clinical and Experimental Morphology 2, no. 1-2 (February 19, 2021): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.28942/jtcem.v2i1-2.153.
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The material of the study was the skull of an 8-year-old girl. In the cranioscopy, the following were identified: on the right side, the bone of the sphenoid fontanel or epipteric bone; bones of lambdoid suture - on the right side in the amount of 5, on the left side -1 bone; preinterparietal bone, ospreinterparietale.By the craniometric method, the height and width of the bones were determined. The bone of the sphenoid fontanelle or epipteric bone is located between the frontal, parietal bones, the greater wing of the sphenoid bone, and the squama of the temporal bone. The width of the epipteric bone is 16.5 mm, height 9.5 mm. The bones of the lambdoid suture in the amount of 5 on the right and the 1st on the left were located in an elongated state.The largest bone was located in the middle of the right lambdoid suture; apparently, it was formed by the union of at least two Wormian bones. Preinterparietal bone has a triangular shape, the base of the triangle facing the sagittal suture, the tip, slightly rounded - in the direction of the occipital bone. The lateral angles of the preinterparietal bone are serrated, which, in principle, clearly distinguishes it from the parietal bones. The bone was single, no sutures or grooves dividing the preinterparietal bone into parts were observed. The width of the bone is 18.5 mm, height 13.8 mm.
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Chambers, T. J., and K. Fuller. "Bone cells predispose bone surfaces to resorption by exposure of mineral to osteoclastic contact." Journal of Cell Science 76, no. 1 (June 1, 1985): 155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.76.1.155.
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The cell-free endocranial surface of young adult rat parietal bones was used as a substrate for osteoclastic bone resorption, either without prior treatment, or after incubation of the parietal bones with collagenase or neonatal rat calvarial cells. Untreated, the endocranial surface consisted of unmineralized organic fibres; incubation with calvarial cells or collagenase caused disruption and removal of these fibres, with extensive exposure of bone mineral on the endocranial surface, without morphologically detectable mineral dissolution. Neonatal rabbit osteoclasts resorbed bone to a greater extent from parietal bones pre-incubated with calvarial cells or collagenase than from untreated bones; mineral exposure and subsequent osteoclastic resorption were both increased if calvarial cells were incubated with parathyroid hormone; removal of bone mineral after incubation with calvarial cells removed the predisposition to osteoclastic resorption. These experiments demonstrate that calvarial cells are capable of osteoid destruction, and indicate that one mechanism by which osteoblasts induce osteoclastic bone resorption may be through digestion of the unmineralized organic material that covers bone surfaces, to expose the underlying resorption-stimulating bone mineral to osteoclastic contact.