Relevant bibliographies by topics / Bone

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Bone'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Bone"

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SM, Harsini. "Bone Regenerative Medicine and Bone Grafting." Open Access Journal of Veterinary Science & Research 3, no. 4 (2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajvsr-16000167.

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Bone tissues can repair and regenerate it: in many clinical cases, bone fractures repair without scar formation. Nevertheless, in large bone defects and pathological fractures, bone healing fail to heal. Bone grafting is defined as implantation of material which promot es fracture healing, through osteoconduction osteogenesis, and osteoinduction. Ideal bone grafting depends on several factors such as defect size, ethical issues, biomechanical characteristics, tissue viability, shape and volume, associated complications, cost, graft size, graft handling, and biological characteristics. The materials that are used as bone graft can be divided into separate major categories, such as autografts, allografts, and xenografts. Synthetic substitutes and tissue - engineered biomateri als are other options. Each of these instances has some advantages and disadvantages. Between the all strategies for improving fracture healing and enhance the outcome of unification of the grafts, tissue engineering is a suitable option. A desirable tissu e - engineered bone must have properties similar to those of autografts without their limitations. None of the used bone grafts has all the ideal properties including low donor morbidity, long shelf life, efficient cost, biological safety, no size restrictio n, and osteoconductive, osteoinductive, osteogenic, and angiogenic properties; but Tissue engineering tries to supply most of these features. In addition it is able to induce healing and reconstruction of bone defects. Combining the basis of orthopedic sur gery with knowledge from different sciences like materials science, biology, chemistry, physics, and engineering can overcome the limitations of current therapies. Combining the basis of orthopedic surgery with knowledge from different sciences like materi als science, biology, chemistry, physics, and engineering can overcome the limitations of current therapies.
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Browne, Sue. "The Bone." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 51, S2 (1985): 46–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00078300.

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In all, 1065 fragments of bone were recovered from trench B. The bulk of the bone (868 fragments: 81%) came from the ditch; 121 fragments came from pits and scoops, 74 fragments from post holes and 1 fragment from a layer in the ‘working area’. Four of the pits and three of the post holes are in the ‘working area’ and they contained a total of 104 fragments of bone; the five post holes interpreted as a four-post structure contained 40 fragments of bone. With the exception of post holes 96 and 117, which contained one and two fragments of bone respectively, no bone was recovered from contexts east of the ditch running north-south at the eastern side of the site (39 and 78), nor from those contexts lying between its terminals. Two fragments of worked bone were recovered, one from context 5 in the ditch and one from post hole 75, which also contained one of the bird bones; the other bird bone came from context 41 in the ditch. The human remains and the dog bones were recovered exclusively from the ditch. The distribution of the bones of the larger domesticates and pig indicates consistency and continuity in disposal practices: 95.6% of the identified horse bones, 92.5% of the identified cattle bones and 80.5% of the identified pig bones w*re recovered from the ditch. Only the caprovid bones were spread more evenly over the site: 66.7% came from the ditch, 26.1% from the pits and scoops and 7.2% from post holes. Fragments of burnt bone were recovered from contexts 3 (ditch), 16 (post hole) and 107 (pit). Butchered and gnawed bones were distributed without any particular pattern in all three types of bone-bearing context.
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Oxnard, Charles E. "Bone, bones and biomechanics." Nature 315, no. 6019 (June 1985): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/315521a0.

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Garrity, Philip S. "Bone of my bones." Lancet 387, no. 10024 (March 2016): 1154–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(16)30009-5.

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Hanker, J. S., L. C. Hanker, and B. L. Giammara. "Surgical repair of long bone defects or trauma by guided tissue engineering with composite implants of porous bioactive glass-ceramic (A-WGC) particles bound by a plaster/CaO/P2O5 cement contained by a resorbable vicryl™ mesh." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 53 (August 13, 1995): 800–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100140373.

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One of the biggest problems associated with the repair of trauma in long bones is their requirement to withstand greater mechanical stress than any other bones of the body. After the success we achieved with composite hydroxylapatite (HA)/plaster(PP) in craniofacial bone repair in approximately 200 animals (cats and rats) and 300 humans in our laboratory, clinics and surgeries, it was felt that an area which could perhaps benefit from our experience in bone repair might be orthopedic surgery. When first informed of our desire to apply our biomaterials interest and experience to long bone trauma patients, others expected little success with these biomaterials that were so successful in craniofacial surgery.We felt, however, that success might be achieved for long bone repair with plaster of Paris (CaSO4·½H2O) and/or calcium phosphate. The feeling of my laboratory received some support from Larry Hench's 1988 article. In this article he pointed out that bioactive ceramics such as hydroxylapatite (HA) possibly could bond to bone.
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Dogan, E., and Z. Okumus. "Cuttlebone used as a bone xenograft in bone healing." Veterinární Medicína 59, No. 5 (July 15, 2014): 254–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/7519-vetmed.

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This study was conducted to examine the potential of cuttlebone xenograft in the healing of bone using radiography and histology for a period of 24 weeks. One hundred and five New Zealand male rabbits with radius defects in the metaphyseal region were divided into five groups treated with cuttlebone, demineralized bone matrix, bovine cancellous graft, and tricalcium phosphate. The control was no treatment. Clinical, radiological, biochemical and histological evaluations were made 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12, and 24 weeks after surgery. Physiological measurements (body temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate) were not affected by the treatments. The radiological score was greatest in the demineralised bone matrix and tricalcium phosphate groups (score of 8), followed by the bovine cancellous graft (score of 6), cuttlebone (score of 6), and control groups (score of 5). The histological score was greatest in the tricalcium phosphate group (score of 55), followed by the cuttlebone (score of 50), bovine cancellous graft (score of 48), demineralized bone matrix (score of 44) and control groups (score of 42). Oxidative enzyme activities were not different across the treatments. The lack of reinfection and infection responses and faster bone union highlight the potential of cuttlebone xenograft in orthopaedic surgery.  
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Faraj, Adnan A. "The Use of Bone Hook in the Retrieval of Tibial Bony Cut. Technical Tip." Journal of Orthopedics & Bone Disorders 8, no. 1 (2024): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/jobd-16000257.

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Total ankle replacement, is technically demanding. Intraoperative malleolar fracture may result because of levering on the malleoli whilst removing the distal tibial cut. The technique described of using bone hook to retrieve the distal tibial bone cut is safe and easy.
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Teraoka, Kay, Yuichi Tei, Nobuo Sasaki, Shigeru Suzuki, and Katsuhisa Takane. "An Introduction of New Artificial Bone Unit “Tetra-Bone”." Key Engineering Materials 361-363 (November 2007): 163–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.361-363.163.

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We fabricated a small α-TCP ceramic unit having four pods, named “Tetra-bone” employing a ceramic injection molding. Tetra-bone can keep uniform concave geometry among the pods as well as immobilizing each other. Owing to the monotony of Tetra-bone, weight of Tetrabones used can be converted into the number of Tetra-bones, volume that can be filled with Tetrabones, and the number of functional structures. By using Tetra-bones, bone defects can be filled with intentional geometry that helps to discuss the relation between geometric features of pores and bone formation.
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Chowdhury, Biplob. "Bone Remodeling: The Molecular Mechanism of Bone Physiology- A Review." International Journal of Scientific Research 3, no. 4 (June 1, 2012): 305–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/apr2014/105.

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Sakamoto, Makoto, Kenji Sato, Koichi Kobayashi, Jun Sakai, Yuji Tanabe, and Toshiaki Hara. "Nanoindentation Analysis of Mechanical Properties of Cortical Bone(Bone Mechanics)." Proceedings of the Asian Pacific Conference on Biomechanics : emerging science and technology in biomechanics 2004.1 (2004): 43–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeapbio.2004.1.43.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bone"

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Toksvig-Larsen, Søren. "On bone cutting." Lund : University Dept. of Orthopedics, 1992. http://books.google.com/books?id=3JBsAAAAMAAJ.

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Clarke, Damian F. "Histological and radiographic variation in the parietal bone in a cadaveric population /." Online version, 1987. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/23173.

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Loftis, Dylan A. "Bone of my Bone." VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5896.

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This is a noticing and a return - a good old-fashioned call and response. An understanding and a becoming. At present, the noticing is on brokenness and the response on reparation. The work is filtered and guided through my background in traditional woodworking and furniture design. A lifetime love of comic books, storytelling, and illustration refuses silence, and it escapes in bursts as I work intuitively through design and material. A newly discovered love of writing finds meaning in that intuition. It’s impossible, even irresponsible, for me to notice and question the brokenness around me without questioning the brokenness within me. It’s cyclical. The noticing becomes self-examination; the response becomes self-discovery. By leaving my surroundings in a more secure, joyful state than I found them, I am assured of the following: They have been revived; given the opportunity to thrive once more in my absence. I am leaving better too.
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Åkesson, Kristina. "Fracture and biochemical markers of bone metabolism." Lund : University of Lund, Dept. of Orthopaedics, Malmö General Hospital, Sweden, 1995. http://books.google.com/books?id=Ib9qAAAAMAAJ.

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Öberg, Sven. "Bone healing after implantation of bone substitute materials : experimental studies in estrogen deficiency /." Umeå : Univ, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-138.

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Goodyear, Simon R. "Physicochemical methods for measuring the properties of bone and their application to mouse models of disease." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=133992.

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This thesis describes a toolbox of complementary techniques that together measure and mechanical properties of bone. Three-point bending is used to measure the mechanical properties of bone; micro computed tomography provides cortical geometry and parameters describing trabecular bone.  The material properties, elastic modulus and density, are measured directly using ultrasound and Archimedes’ principle, while composition and bone chemistry are investigated by ashing and Raman microscopy.  These methods are used to characterise bone from the naturally occurring Gunmetal mouse and the engineered neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) knockout mouse. Comparison was also made between femora and tibiae and cortical and trabecular bone from wild type mice. Gunmetal mice had inferior mechanical properties, but unaffected material and chemical properties.  Cortical area but not second moment of area was also reduced.  nNOS knockouts had superior bone mechanically, due to increased mineralisation and geometrical parameters.  Femora and tibiae had different mechanical and material properties that were not linked to the size or shape of the bones.  Cortical bone  had characteristics of older bone compared to trabecular material, possibly due to the lower turnover rate. These results show the necessity for measuring material properties directly, rather than inferring them from mechanical and geometrical properties.  The differences in femora and tibiae suggest testing only femur or tibia may result in the risk of missing important results.  Application of this toolbox of methods provides a comprehensive description of bone’s overall fitness for purpose and an understanding of the origin of any defect or enhancement in its properties.
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Düppe, Henrik. "Bone mass in young adults determinants and fracture prediction /." Lund : Lund University, Dept. of Orthopaedics, 1997. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/39725785.html.

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Harden, Fiona J. "Digging into bone : investigative studies into silicate-substituted hydroxyapatite, collagen molecules and bone properties." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2014. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=211423.

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Investigations into silicate-substituted hydroxyapatite (Si-HA) were performed. The aqueous precipitation method produced phase pure Si-HA with modi cations to the method causing impurities in the material. A novel study using Raman spectroscopy followed the behaviour of the silicate ions and provided a new interpretation regarding silicate substitution. The silicate ions created interactions with hydroxyl ions, initially, which reduced upon sintering of the material. As the silicate ions do not behave inde- pendently in the HA structure initially, suggests that these interactions may contribute to the bioactivity of Si-HA. Also industrial aspects of Si-HA were investigated regarding the silicate reagent (TEOS). A small di erence of 1% in the percentage concentration of TEOS was not negligible and caused a decrease in the amount of silicate substituted into HA. Di erent brands and grades of TEOS did produce Si-HA with similar structural properties. Therefore, a variety of brands and grades of TEOS can be used and thus the most cost e ective choice can be made. The rst analytical investigations into the molecular arrangement of fully mineralised osteoarthritic (OA) and osteoporotic (OP) bone were performed through small angle neutron scattering (SANS) studies. This study provided a description for the molecular arrangement of collagen molecules, along the lateral plane, regarding the molecular di- ameter and the packing of these molecules into the bril by the development of a model based on SANS theory. The collagen molecules behave like a 2-dimensional liquid-like system. Through the development of the model, the rst written solution for the struc- ture factor for a system of hard-disks was stated. This study provided an understanding into how collagen molecules are arranged in OA and OP bone. Also, compositional studies iterated possible di erences between the organic content of OA and OP bone. Thus the organic content of bone may play a role in the bone disorders.
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Wasserman, Nicholas David. "Physicochemical and compositional etiology of in vivo microcracks in human cortical bone tissue /." See Full Text at OhioLINK ETD Center (Requires Adobe Acrobat Reader for viewing), 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=toledo1092239102.

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Thesis (M.S.B.)--University of Toledo, 2004.
Typescript. "A thesis [submitted] as partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Science degree in Bioengineering." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 94-99).
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Hirvinen, Laura J. M. "Influence of bone cements on bone screw interfaces in the third metacarpal and metatarsal bones of horses." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1243434636.

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Books on the topic "Bone"

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1941-, Hall Brian Keith, ed. Bone. Caldwell, N.J: Telford Press, 1990.

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Johnston, Tony. Bone by bone by bone. New York: Roaring Brook Press, 2007.

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O'Connell, Carol. Bone by bone. New York: Berkley Books, 2009.

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O'Connell, Carol. Bone by bone. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 2008.

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O'Connell, Carol. Bone by bone. Waterville, Me: Wheeler Pub., 2009.

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Matthiessen, Peter. Bone by Bone. New York, USA: Random House, 1999.

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O'Connell, Carol. Bone by Bone. New York: Penguin USA, Inc., 2008.

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American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, National Institutes of Health (U.S.), and National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (U.S.), eds. Bone up on bone loss!: Exercise to build healthy bones! [Washington, D.C.?]: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2002.

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Aziz, Nather, ed. Bone grafts and bone substitutes: Basic science and clinical applications. Hackensack, N.J: World Scientific, 2005.

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Krist, Gary. Bone by bone: Stories. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Bone"

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Roberts, Anne, and Peter Gardiner. "Bone and Bones." In Systems of Life, 5–16. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13443-4_2.

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Adler, Claus-Peter. "Bones and Bone Tissue." In Bone Diseases, 1–11. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04088-1_1.

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Turner, Francena F. L. "“Bone by Bone”." In Oral History and Qualitative Methodologies, 56–70. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003127192-6.

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da Silva, José António Pereira, and Anthony D. Woolf. "Bone Syndrome Bone Diseases." In Rheumatology in Practice, 271–79. London: Springer London, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-581-9_27.

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Crofton, Patricia M. "Bone and Bone Turnover." In Endocrinopathy after Childhood Cancer Treatment, 77–100. Basel: KARGER, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000207611.

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Slater, James C. "Bone Bank/Bone Graft." In Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty, 155–59. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1406-9_21.

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Pavelka, Margit, and Jürgen Roth. "Bone." In Functional Ultrastructure, 336–39. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1830-6_25.

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Helmberger, Thomas K., and Ralf-Thorsten Hoffmann. "Bone." In Percutaneous Tumor Ablation in Medical Radiology, 243–51. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-36891-7_26.

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McCarthy, Edward F. "Bone." In Surgical Pathology Dissection, 90–95. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2548-3_18.

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Okada, Shigeru, and Jacob Wright-Piekarski. "Bone." In Laron Syndrome - From Man to Mouse, 481–87. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11183-9_55.

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Conference papers on the topic "Bone"

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Aziz, Imran, Waleed A. Khan, Faisal Moeen, Imran Akhtar, and Wasim Tarar. "Effect of Varying Diameter of Dental Implants During Placements in Compromised Bony Ridges at Different Insertion Torques: A Finite Element Study." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-38388.

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The life of dental implant depends on various parameters such as insertion torque, implant diameter and cortical and cancellous bones thickness. The thickness of the cortical and cancellous bones varies from patient to patient and for each thickness, the corresponding studies are required to determine the favorable implant loading. In this study, stress analysis on various dental implant fixtures inserted in compromised bony ridges is performed using three dimensional finite element analyses. Initially, the modeling and analysis of previously analyzed structure is done to validate the solution procedure. After successful validation, three dimensional linear elastic analysis of bone implant bone assembly is performed. The implant material is treated as isotropic whereas the bone materials are taken as anisotropic materials. The parametric study finds the effect of insertion torque and variation of implant diameter on stress induced in the compromised bony ridge. Further, the implant bone assembly was analyzed using various cortical bone thicknesses. It has been observed that the increase in torque results in increased stress and deformation in the bone. With increasing bone thickness, the similar variation of torque produces less stress and deformation in dental implants. The study is helpful in prediction of favorable implant loading and implants diameters for compromised bony ridges. The study provides useful knowledge in improving the performance and life of dental implants.
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Ramos-Homs, Amy. "Synthesis of Bone Scaffold for Pediatric Bone Defects Using 3D Printing." In MME Undergraduate Research Symposium. Florida International University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25148/mmeurs.010560.

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Pediatric bone defects, requiring surgical interventions and implants, include malignant and nonmalignant bone tumors and trauma fractures. Malignant bone tumors (MBT), such as Osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma, are aggressive primary cancers that affect growing adolescent bones (10- to 19-year-olds) and require complex reconstruction due to large bone excision during surgical interventions. Pediatric bone fractures requiring surgical interventions peak in 10- to 14-year-olds and are a major public health concern in the US with an impact on patients, parents, and healthcare costs of approx. 350 billion. These diseases require bone tissue replacement in changing bones. Bone reconstruction and medical implant design for growing pediatric bones have unique challenges due to active growth and there is a greater need for active, resorbable, and patient-specific implants to prevent growth impediments. The current available pediatric implant is limited in addressing these needs and is primarily addressed by static metallic implants designed for adults. We plan to work towards the design and synthesis of a bone scaffold by modifying a CAD model considering the size of the porosity in the structure of the pediatric bone. This modified model will be 3D printed and subjected to tests to evaluate the strength and composition of the scaffold. Afterwards, the scaffold is used for cell culture in hopes of eliciting cellular response for bone formation and cell regeneration, since a key factor to assess is whether the scaffold will grow with the bone, or the bone will grow with the scaffold. This is done to support the attachment of cells on the surface of the bone to actively support bone modeling processes under structural changes of growing bones.
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Mehta, Bhavin V., and Robert J. Setlock. "Improved Prosthetic Bone Implants." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-43048.

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An improved method for manufacturing prosthetic bones is examined. We are developing a new improved method for designing and manufacturing prosthetic bones that have a porous interior core covered by a solid outer shell, more closely matching the morphology of natural bone. The new method is compatible with a wide variety of materials, including polymers, metals, composites, and biodegradable scaffold materials. Use of biodegradable scaffold material holds the potential for eventual bone regeneration within and throughout the prosthesis. Regardless of the material selection, this improved type of prosthesis is expected to more closely mimic the overall material and structural properties of natural bone, including shape, strength, weight, and weight distribution. By fabricating prosthetic bones that duplicate the material and structural properties of natural bone, implants could be made to operate as precision replacements, feeling and functioning exactly like natural bone. In addition to improving patient comfort, these new prostheses are expected to reduce the occurrence of unnatural secondary wear patterns caused by current style prosthetic bones that function in unnatural fashions due to their non-matching material and structural properties.
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James, Thomas P., and Brendan A. Andrade. "Is Synthetic Composite Bone a Substitute for Natural Bone in Screw Bending Tests?" In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-65498.

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Composite replica bones have been used extensively for biomechanical studies. These studies normally rely upon the overall tensile, compressive, and bending strength of large replica bones, such as the tibia and femur. In this study, highly localized behavior of composite bone was scrutinized by examining the material’s response to cortical screws in bending. Of interest was localized deformation of the composite material as compared to the response of natural bone under similar loading conditions. Cortical screw deflection in a laminated composite bone was compared to deflection in a bovine bone under quasi-static loading. The laminated composite bone consisted of short glass fiber reinforced epoxy as a cortical bone substitute, while polyurethane foam was used as a cancellous bone substitute. A new laser projection method was used to make comparative measurements of the slope of the screw head near to the applied load. Initial results indicate that composite bone is a reliable substitute for natural bone in quasi-static studies of cortical screw deflection.
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Murakami, Tamotsu, and Yuki Hamasaki. "Basic Study of Autologous-Bone-Replaceable Artificial Bone Fabrication With Porosity Distribution Using Electrolysis." In ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2010-28645.

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Recently, the use of bioresorbable materials (e.g., β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP)) has enabled the development of autologous-bone-replaceable artificial bones that are degraded and resorbed, i.e., replaced with autologous bone, when placed inside the human body for a sufficiently long duration. Although such autologous-bone replaceability requires high porosity of the artificial bone to promote the ingression of blood vessels and cells, the high porosity reduces the mechanical strength, which leads to disadvantages such as possible fracture after bone substitution surgery. One solution to this problem is to optimally arrange low-porosity portions for mechanical strength and high-porosity portions for autologous-bone replaceability in solid artificial bones. Commercially available artificial bones typically have fixed shapes such as a rectangular parallelepiped or cylinder. The use of recent solid freeform fabrication technologies, however, has enabled solid artificial bones with various shapes to be customized for individual medical cases. In this paper, the authors propose a solid freeform fabrication method for autologous-bone-replaceable artificial bones with a porosity distribution. A β-TCP porous artificial bone can be fabricated by placing a slurry consisting of β-TCP powder, water, a peptization reagent and a frother in a mold, drying it to form a solid shape and then sintering it. This β-TCP slurry contains ammonium polyacrylate as the peptization reagent, which is an electrolyte, and ammonia, hydrogen and oxygen gases are produced from its electrolysis. The authors conceived the idea of controlling the foaming of the β-TCP slurry by electrolysis, and of designing and implementing a fabrication system consisting of a fine nozzle with a microscrew for extruding β-TCP slurry as a filament and electrodes for controlling the electrolysis of the slurry. Using this system, we can fabricate a solid shape by drawing two-dimensional sections with the slurry filament and stacking each section, and at the same time vary the porosity by controlling the electric current applied for the electrolysis of the slurry. Using the experimental system, three β-TCP porous samples (approximately 18mm × 18mm × 9mm) of high (71.8%), medium (59.5%) and low (54.6%) porosity are successfully fabricated by applying electric currents of 20mA, 10mA and 0mA, respectively. Then a β-TCP porous sample (approximately 40mm × 10mm × 10mm) with a gradient porosity distribution (from 72.3% to 56.1%) is successfully fabricated by varying the electric current from 0mA to 20mA in a continuous fabrication process. From these results, the authors confirm the efficacy and potential of the proposed approach.
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Samarawickrama, Kasun G. "A Review on Bone Grafting, Bone Substitutes and Bone Tissue Engineering." In the 2nd International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3239438.3239457.

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Shrivas, Nikhil V., Abhishek Kumar Tiwari, Rakesh Kumar, Dharmendra Tripathi, and Vasu Raman Sharma. "Investigation on Loading-Induced Fluid Flow in Osteogenesis Imperfecta Bone." In ASME 2018 5th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2018-83496.

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Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) is a genetic bone disorder which is typically characterized by brittle bones with frequent fractures. It is also known as brittle bone disease. Surgical procedure is one of the ways adopted by clinicians for the management of OI. In recent years, it has however become clear that physical activity is equally important for managing OI in both children and adults. Exogenous mechanical stimulation e.g. prophylactic exercises may be useful in improving the bone mass and strength of OI bones as loading-induced mechanical components e.g. normal strain and canalicular fluid flow stimulate remodeling activities. Several studies have characterized the strain environment in OI bones, whereas, very few studies attempted to characterize the canalicular fluid flow. In the present study, we anticipate that canalicular fluid flow reduces in OI bone as compared to healthy bone under physiological loading. This work accordingly computes the canalicular fluid distribution in the single osteon model of OI and control/normal bones subjected to normal physiological loadings. A transversely isotropic poroelastic model of osteon is developed. Loading is applied in accordance with gait cycles reported for OI and healthy bones. Fluid distribution patterns computed for OI and healthy bones are compared at different time-points of stance phase of the gait cycle. A significant reduction in fluid flow is observed in case of OI bone as compared to healthy bone. This clearly indicates that improvements in physical activities or exercises can be designed to enhance the level of canalicular fluid flow to initiate possible osteogenic activities and the bone.
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Askew, Michael J., Gary B. Schneider, Kristina J. Grecco, Jason Hsu, Emily Mugler, and Donald A. Noe. "Effect of Pharmaceutical Bone Growth Stimulation With Novel Anabolic Peptides: Biomechanical and Bone Density Measurements in a Rat Model." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-43044.

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Pharmaceutical bone growth stimulation holds promise for prevention and treatment bone disorders, and the enhancement of fracture healing. Bone growth hormones have begun to have limited clinical use, but can illicit adverse side effects. Recent studies have shown that short peptides (less than 15 amino acids) derived from the protein sequence of Vitamin D Binding Protein (DBP), can enhance bone formation (osteogenesis). These peptides may have potential as controllable bone growth stimulators without the adverse side effects and cost of bone growth hormones. Rats, injected every other day for two weeks with DBP-based peptide fragments ranging from 3 to 13 amino acids in length, were euthanized and the tibias and femurs were scanned by peripheral quantitative computerized tomography (pQCT) to determine bone density and cross-sectional geometric properties. The bones were then tested in three-point bending to determine strength and bending modulus. Injection of DBP-based peptides over only a 2-week period resulted in significant (p<0.05) increases in bone density and material properties in the experimental rat bones in comparison to controls injected with saline. The short length of these effective peptides suggests their use not only in systemic injections but also as clinically convenient pills taken orally for pharmaceutically induced bone growth stimulation.
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Samarasinghe, Chandana, Mohammad Uddin, Saiful Bari, and Cory Xian. "Surgical Bone Drilling: A Review." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10945.

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Abstract Bone drilling is an important step in orthopedic surgeries for the reconstruction and repair of fractured bones. The main concern in bone drilling is to create holes without causing minimum damage to the bone tissues. It is well reported that high temperature and high force in drilling cause bone thermal necrosis leading to the delayed bone healing and implant failure. In the past, a significant amount of research has been conducted to understand and mitigate the issues in bone drilling. However, the current practice in bone drilling is that medical surgeons still rely on their own experience and feeling, which often causes unwanted damage to the bone. The present paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of surgical bone drilling and impending factors affecting drilling and biological performance of the bone. Current protocols and practices in tackling issues around drilling are discussed and assessed in terms of results obtained in both experimental and computational domains. This pragmatic discussion will signify the importance and challenges ahead in empowering medical surgeons to enable improved surgical outcome. Furthermore, the findings of this extensive review are expected to drive further exploration of new opportunities for developing advanced bone drilling system integrated with intelligent sensors and control technology.
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Zhang, Aifeng, Arkadiusz Gertych, Sylwia Kurkowska-Pospiech, Brent J. Liu, and H. K. Huang. "Carpal bone analysis in bone age assessment." In Medical Imaging, edited by Steven C. Horii and Osman M. Ratib. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.653858.

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Reports on the topic "Bone"

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McBride, Maranda, Tomasz R. Letowski, and Phuong K. Tran. Bone Conduction Head Sensitivity Mapping: Bone Vibrator. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada436360.

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Touch, Joseph D. X-Bone. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada418494.

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Tao, Yang, Victor Alchanatis, and Yud-Ren Chen. X-ray and stereo imaging method for sensitive detection of bone fragments and hazardous materials in de-boned poultry fillets. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7695872.bard.

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As Americans become increasingly health conscious, they have increased their consumptionof boneless white and skinless poultry meat. To the poultry industry, accurate detection of bonefragments and other hazards in de-boned poultry meat is important to ensure food quality andsafety for consumers. X-ray imaging is widely used for internal material inspection. However,traditional x-ray technology has limited success with high false-detection errors mainly becauseof its inability to consistently recognize bone fragments in meat of uneven thickness. Today’srapid grow-out practices yield chicken bones that are less calcified. Bone fragments under x-rayshave low contrast from meat. In addition, the x-ray energy reaching the image detector varieswith the uneven meat thickness. Differences in x-ray absorption due to the unevenness inevitablyproduce false patterns in x-ray images and make it hard to distinguish between hazardousinclusions and normal meat patterns even by human visual inspection from the images.Consequently, the false patterns become camouflage under x-ray absorptions of variant meatthickness in physics, which remains a major limitation to detecting hazardous materials byprocessing x-ray images alone.Under the support of BARD, USDA, and US Poultry industries, we have aimed todeveloping a new technology that uses combined x-ray and laser imaging to detect bonefragments in de-boned poultry. The technique employs the synergism of sensors of differentprinciples and has overcome the deficiency of x-rays in physics of letting x-rays work alone inbone fragment detection. X-rays in conjunction of laser-based imaging was used to eliminatefalse patterns and provide higher sensitivity and accuracy to detect hazardous objects in the meatfor poultry processing lines.Through intensive research, we have met all the objectives we proposed during the researchperiod. Comprehensive experiments have proved the concept and demonstrated that the methodhas been capable of detecting frequent hard-to-detect bone fragments including fan bones andfractured rib and pulley bone pieces (but not cartilage yet) regardless of their locations anduneven meat thickness without being affected by skin, fat, and blood clots or blood vines.
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Nelson, Brenda L. Solitary Bone Cyst. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada520056.

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Hobson, Lauren. Follow the Bone. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.6869.

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Camarillo, G., P. Nikander, J. Hautakorpi, A. Keranen, and A. Johnston. HIP BONE: Host Identity Protocol (HIP) Based Overlay Networking Environment (BONE). RFC Editor, January 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc6079.

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Herbert, William. Effect of Isokinetic Strength Training and Deconditioning on Bone Stiffness, Bone Density and Bone Turnover in Military-Aged Women. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada398256.

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Dover, Stephen, and Charlotte Stilwell. Bone Level Implant Placement. Touch Surgery Simulations, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18556/touchsurgery/2017.s0100.

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Dover, Stephen. Bone Level Implant Placement. Edited by Charlotte Stilwell. Touch Surgery Simulations, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18556/touchsurgery/2018.s0100.

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Patrikov, Kircho, Svetoslav A. Slavchev, Georgi P. Georgiev, and Boyan Hristov. Synthetic Bone Substitutes in the Treatment of Giant Cell Tumour of Bone. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2020.06.16.

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