Journal articles: 'Bond property'

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Yang, Xiaoting, and Wenjie Du. "Bond Energy Assists Accurate Molecule Property Prediction." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2356, no. 1 (October 1, 2022): 012047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2356/1/012047.

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Molecule property prediction is a fundamental problem in many fields. To accurate and rapid prediction of molecules properties, molecule characterization and representation are key operations in the pretreatment stage. Generally, we represent molecule as graph based on different features such as element type, bond type, etc. The features we select could have the ability of enough representation and discrimination. However, in terms of bond embedding, one-hot coding is the most common processing method in the current research which means the features we used are discrete and could not distinguish different single or double bonds in a molecule. Here we add predicted bond energy feature as an extra chemical bond descriptor and compare three popular GNN models on two different datasets. The experiment shows that supplying additional unusual bond features—bond energy will improve the model performance significantly. The PDN model with bond energy has best performance among three model. Finally, we discuss the experimental result.

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KARI, LILA, STAVROS KONSTANTINIDIS, and PETR SOSÍK. "BOND-FREE LANGUAGES: FORMALIZATIONS, MAXIMALITY AND CONSTRUCTION METHODS." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 16, no. 05 (October 2005): 1039–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054105003467.

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The problem of negative design of DNA languages is addressed, that is, properties and construction methods of large sets of words that prevent undesired bonds when used in DNA computations. We recall a few existing formalizations of the problem and then define the property of sim-bond-freedom, where sim is a similarity relation between words. We show that this property is decidable for context-free languages and polynomial-time decidable for regular languages. The maximality of this property also turns out to be decidable for regular languages and polynomial-time decidable for an important case of the Hamming similarity. Then we consider various construction methods for Hamming bond-free languages, including the recently introduced method of templates, and obtain a complete structural characterization of all maximal Hamming bond-free languages. This result is applicable to the θ-k-code property introduced by Jonoska and Mahalingam.

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Zhu, Dan, Yaoxian Wang, Xinglu Zhang, and Shujun Cheng. "Interfacial bond property of UHMWPE composite." Polymer Bulletin 65, no. 1 (January 10, 2010): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00289-009-0232-y.

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Xu, Wei, Ying Zi Zhang, and Chang Juan Liu. "Preliminary Study on the Effect of Loading Rate on Bond Property between Corroded Concrete and Steel Bar." Applied Mechanics and Materials 578-579 (July 2014): 396–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.578-579.396.

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Effect of loading rate on bond property between corroded concrete and steel bar are studied. Simulation test and finite element are used to study the pull-out test of corroded reinforcement concrete members in present literature. Considering the corrosion of steel bar and concrete and their rate dependent characteristics, the bond property of corroded reinforcement and concrete under the different loading rate (10-4 s-1-10-2 s-1) are studied. It concluded that the bond property was improved when the rating rate form 10-4 s-1 to the static load; the bond property would decreased when the loading rate reached the fixed value (10-3s-1-10-2s-1), the members was failed under the smaller load.

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Jiang, Pingping, Pascal Boulet, and Marie-Christine Record. "Structure–Property Relationships in Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Bilayers under Biaxial Strains." Nanomaterials 11, no. 10 (October 7, 2021): 2639. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11102639.

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This paper reports a Density Functional Theory (DFT) investigation of the electron density and optoelectronic properties of two-dimensional (2D) MX2 (M = Mo, W and X = S, Se, Te) subjected to biaxial strains. Upon strains ranging from −4% (compressive strain) to +4% (tensile strain), MX2 bilayers keep the same bandgap type but undergo a non-symmetrical evolution of bandgap energies and corresponding effective masses of charge carriers (m*). Despite a consistency regarding the electronic properties of Mo- and WX2 for a given X, the strain-induced bandgap shrinkage and m* lowering are strong enough to alter the strain-free sequence MTe2, MSe2, MS2, thus tailoring the photovoltaic properties, which are found to be direction dependent. Based on the quantum theory of atoms in molecules, the bond degree (BD) at the bond critical points was determined. Under strain, the X-X BD decreases linearly as X atomic number increases. However, the kinetic energy per electron G/ρ at the bond critical point is independent of strains with the lowest values for X = Te, which can be related to the highest polarizability evidenced from the dielectric properties. A cubic relationship between the absolute BD summation of M-X and X-X bonds and the static relative permittivity was observed. The dominant position of X-X bond participating in this cubic relationship in the absence of strain was substantially reinforced in the presence of strain, yielding the leading role of the X-X bond instead of the M-X one in the photovoltaic response of 2D MX2 material.

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Pramesti, Dyah Sisca Putri. "Pengaruh leverage dan profitabilitas terhadap peringkat obligasi." Fair Value: Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi dan Keuangan 4, no. 10 (May 25, 2022): 4266–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.32670/fairvalue.v4i10.1658.

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The goal of this study is to ascertain how partial leverage has an impact on bond ratings, between 2016- 2019, the influence of profitability on bond ratings, as well as the simultaneous effect of leverage and profitability on bond ratings in the property, real estate, and construction industries listed on the Indonesian stock exchange. Leverage is measured using debt-to-equity ratio proxies, and profitability is measured using return on assets as an independent variable, while bond ratings are measured using ratings from the rating agency PT. PEFINDO as a dependent variable. All companies in the property, real estate, and construction industries that were publicly traded on the Indonesian Stock Exchange between 2016 and 2019 are included in this study's population. The sample is comprised of firms that issued bonds between 2016 and 2019, and the sampling approach is non-probability sampling with purposive sampling, yielding a total sample of ten companies or forty financial statements. The data analysis approach employed is linear regression with a 5% significance threshold, utilizing the SPSS 26 and Eviews 10 software packages. According to the conclusions of this study, leverage has a limited impact on bond ratings, profitability has a limited impact on bond ratings, and both leverage and profitability have an impact on bond ratings. simultaneously.

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Chan, WaiLam, and Hailong Chen. "Peridynamic bond‐associated correspondence model: Wave dispersion property." International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 122, no. 18 (June 7, 2021): 4848–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.6748.

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Dong, Lan Qi, Chao Feng Liang, Xiao Gang Wang, Zecheng Long Zhou, and Yan Li Chen. "The Research on Bond Property of Rubber Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 1120-1121 (July 2015): 1506–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1120-1121.1506.

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In order to realize the recycle of waste tires, rubber concrete can be utilized in road engineering. The bond property of interface between rubber concrete and matrix ordinary concrete is one of the key factors. This paper studied the interfacial bond property by splitting tensile strength test and shear strength test and considered several influence factors, such as rubber volume fraction, rubber particle size, interfacial roughness and curing time of matrix concrete. The results show that the shear strength decreases with the increase of rubber content, longer curing time of matrix concrete, and the larger size of rubber particle. The splitting tensile strength also deceases with the longer curing time of matrix concrete or smaller interfacial roughness. However, no regular relationship is found between the splitting tensile strength and the size of rubber particle or rubber volume content.

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9

Chikolwa, Bwembya. "Determinants of Australian Listed Property Trust Bond Ratings." Pacific Rim Property Research Journal 14, no. 2 (January 2008): 123–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14445921.2008.11104251.

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10

Zhao, Hong Chi, Juan Li Guo, Jiang Tao Li, Ling Ling Gao, and Cong Cong Bian. "Synthesis and Thermal Property of Linear Chloromethylated Polystyrene." Advanced Materials Research 150-151 (October 2010): 1504–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.150-151.1504.

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Polystyrene (PS) was synthesized by emulsion polymerization. 1,4-bis(chloromethoxy)butane (BCMB) was synthesized using 1,4-butanediol, formaldehyde and phosphorus trichloride as raw material. The linear poly(p-chloromethyl styrene) (PS-Meyl-Cl) was prepared high effectively using BCMB and anhydrous aluminium trichloride as the chloromethylation reagent and catalyst, respectively. In this method, carcinogenic compound (chloromethyl ether etc.) was avoided. The resultant polymers were characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analyzer. The results show that the molecular weight (Mw) of PS is big. BCMB has been prepared because of the strong absorption band observed at 1130cm-1 (due to C-O-C bond stretching vibration) and two new bands at 640 and 1315cm-1 (due to the bending vibration of C-Cl bond and stretching vibration of C-H bond in -CH2Cl, respectively). Chloromethyl groups were introduced into benzene ring of PS because of the appearance of the absorption peaks at 676 and 1419cm-1 (due to the bending vibration of C-Cl bond and stretching vibration of C-H bond in -CH2Cl, respectively) in the FTIR spectra. The thermal stability of PS-Meyl-Cl was decreased with increasing chloromethyl group. Moreover, there are two decomposing stages. The reaction condition is gentle and the operation is safe, simple and economical.

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Mitsuhashi, Ryoji, Takaaki Ueda, and Masahiro Mikuriya. "Stepwise Synthesis, Hydrogen-Bonded Supramolecular Structure, and Magnetic Property of a Co–Mn Heterodinuclear Complex." Magnetochemistry 5, no. 1 (January 20, 2019): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry5010005.

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A cobalt(III)–manganese(II) heterometallic dinuclear complex, [MnII{CoIII(µ-Himn)3}Cl2(CH3OH)], was prepared by a metalloligand approach. X-ray crystallographic analysis indicated that the metalloligand [CoIII(Himn)3] underwent mer/fac geometrical isomerization upon coordination to a Mn ion. Owing to the non-coordinating N–H bonds in the [CoIII(Himn)3] moiety, the heterodinuclear complex exhibited hydrogen bond interactions with the Cl− ligand of the neighboring complex to construct two-dimensional hydrogen-bond networks. The bond distances around the Mn center and the χMT value at 300 K indicate that the Mn center is in a divalent state. The temperature dependence of the χMT product and field dependence of the magnetization showed the isotropic nature of the MnII center.

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12

Yong, Jaime, and Anh Khoi Pham. "The long-term linkages between direct and indirect property in Australia." Journal of Property Investment & Finance 33, no. 4 (July 6, 2015): 374–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpif-01-2015-0005.

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Purpose– Investment in Australia’s property market, whether directly or indirectly through Australian real estate investment trusts (A-REITs), grew remarkably since the 1990s. The degree of segregation between the property market and other financial assets, such as shares and bonds, can influence the diversification benefits within multi-asset portfolios. This raises the question of whether direct and indirect property investments are substitutable. Establishing how information transmits between asset classes and impacts the predictability of returns is of interest to investors. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approach– The authors study the linkages between direct and indirect Australian property sectors from 1985 to 2013, with shares and bonds. This paper employs an Autoregressive Fractionally Integrated Moving Average (ARFIMA) process to de-smooth a valuation-based direct property index. The authors establish directional lead-lag relationships between markets using bi-variate Granger causality tests. Johansen cointegration tests are carried out to examine how direct and indirect property markets adjust to an equilibrium long-term relationship and short-term deviations from such a relationship with other asset classes.Findings– The authors find the use of appraisal-based property data creates a smoothing bias which masks the extent of how information is transmitted between the indirect property sector, stock and bond markets, and influences returns. The authors demonstrate that an ARFIMA process accounting for a smoothing bias up to lags of four quarters can overcome the overstatement of the smoothing bias from traditional AR models, after individually appraised constituent properties are aggregated into an overall index. The results show that direct property adjusts to information transmitted from market-traded A-REITs and stocks.Practical implications– The study shows direct property investments and A-REITs are substitutible in a multi-asset portfolio in the long and short term.Originality/value– The authors apply an ARFIMA(p,d,q) model to de-smooth Australian property returns, as proposed by Bond and Hwang (2007). The authors expect the findings will contribute to the discussion on whether direct property and REITs are substitutes in a multi-asset portfolio.

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13

Egawa, Yasunobu, Chihiro Fukumoto, Koichiro Mikami, Nobuhiro Takeda, and Masafumi Unno. "Synthesis and Characterization of the Germathioacid Chloride Coordinated by an N-Heterocyclic Carbene §." Inorganics 6, no. 3 (August 3, 2018): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics6030076.

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Carboxylic acid chlorides are useful substrates in organic chemistry. Many germanium analogues of carboxylic acid chloride have been synthesized so far. Nevertheless, all of the reported germathioacid chlorides use bidentate nitrogen ligands and contain germanium-nitrogen bonds. Our group synthesized germathioacid chloride, Ge(S)Cl{C6H3-2,6-Tip2}(Im-i-Pr2Me2), using N-heterocyclic carbene (Im-i-Pr2Me2). As a result of density functional theory (DFT) calculation, it was found that electrons are localized on sulfur, and the germanium-sulfur bond is a single bond with a slight double bond property.

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14

Rianto, Herman Felani, and Ameilia Damayanti. "PENGARUH UKURAN, PERTUMBUHAN DAN UMUR OBLIGASI PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP PERINGKAT OBLIGASI." RELEVAN : Jurnal Riset Akuntansi 1, no. 2 (May 31, 2021): 83–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.35814/relevan.v1i2.2270.

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This study aims to determine the effect of variable size companies , growth companies and maturity against bond rating service sector listed in BEI 2015-2019 period. The population in this study is bond property and real estate companies listed in BEI 2015-2019 period totaling 7 companies. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Technical analysis of the data used is the logistic regression analysis with the help of SPSS 17 for windows. Results of the analysis showed that the partial significant effect on the bond ratings, the company's growth is not effect on the bond rating, the maturity is not effect on the bond rating Keywords: rating bonds,size, growth, and maturity

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15

Ma, Hehuan, Yatao Bian, Yu Rong, Wenbing Huang, Tingyang Xu, Weiyang Xie, Geyan Ye, and Junzhou Huang. "Cross-dependent graph neural networks for molecular property prediction." Bioinformatics 38, no. 7 (January 30, 2022): 2003–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btac039.

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Abstract Motivation The crux of molecular property prediction is to generate meaningful representations of the molecules. One promising route is to exploit the molecular graph structure through graph neural networks (GNNs). Both atoms and bonds significantly affect the chemical properties of a molecule, so an expressive model ought to exploit both node (atom) and edge (bond) information simultaneously. Inspired by this observation, we explore the multi-view modeling with GNN (MVGNN) to form a novel paralleled framework, which considers both atoms and bonds equally important when learning molecular representations. In specific, one view is atom-central and the other view is bond-central, then the two views are circulated via specifically designed components to enable more accurate predictions. To further enhance the expressive power of MVGNN, we propose a cross-dependent message-passing scheme to enhance information communication of different views. The overall framework is termed as CD-MVGNN. Results We theoretically justify the expressiveness of the proposed model in terms of distinguishing non-isomorphism graphs. Extensive experiments demonstrate that CD-MVGNN achieves remarkably superior performance over the state-of-the-art models on various challenging benchmarks. Meanwhile, visualization results of the node importance are consistent with prior knowledge, which confirms the interpretability power of CD-MVGNN. Availability and implementation The code and data underlying this work are available in GitHub at https://github.com/uta-smile/CD-MVGNN. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

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Park, Daehyeon, Jiyeon Park, and Doojin Ryu. "Volatility Spillovers between Equity and Green Bond Markets." Sustainability 12, no. 9 (May 4, 2020): 3722. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093722.

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This study examines the market for green bonds, which have been in the spotlight as an eco-friendly investment product. We analyze the volatility dynamics and spillovers between the equity and green bond markets. As the return dynamics of financial products typically exhibit asymmetric volatility, we check whether green bonds also share this property. Our analyses confirm that although green bonds do exhibit the asymmetric volatility phenomenon, their volatility, unlike that of equity, is also sensitive to positive return shocks. An analysis of the association between the green bond and equity markets confirms that although the two markets have some volatility spillover effects, neither responds significantly to negative shocks in the other market.

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Sul, Young-Taeg, Carina Johansson, and Tomas Albrektsson. "A novel in vivo method for quantifying the interfacial biochemical bond strength of bone implants." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 7, no. 42 (April 15, 2009): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2009.0060.

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Quantifying the in vivo interfacial biochemical bond strength of bone implants is a biological challenge. We have developed a new and novel in vivo method to identify an interfacial biochemical bond in bone implants and to measure its bonding strength. This method, named biochemical bond measurement (BBM), involves a combination of the implant devices to measure true interfacial bond strength and surface property controls, and thus enables the contributions of mechanical interlocking and biochemical bonding to be distinguished from the measured strength values. We applied the BBM method to a rabbit model, and observed great differences in bone integration between the oxygen (control group) and magnesium (test group) plasma immersion ion-implanted titanium implants (0.046 versus 0.086 MPa, n =10, p =0.005). The biochemical bond in the test implants resulted in superior interfacial behaviour of the implants to bone: (i) close contact to approximately 2 μm thin amorphous interfacial tissue, (ii) pronounced mineralization of the interfacial tissue, (iii) rapid bone healing in contact, and (iv) strong integration to bone. The BBM method can be applied to in vivo experimental models not only to validate the presence of a biochemical bond at the bone–implant interface but also to measure the relative quantity of biochemical bond strength. The present study may provide new avenues for better understanding the role of a biochemical bond involved in the integration of bone implants.

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Wang, Qinghua, Yaning Zhou, Li Luo, and Junping Ji. "Research on the Factors Affecting the Risk Premium of China’s Green Bond Issuance." Sustainability 11, no. 22 (November 14, 2019): 6394. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11226394.

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Green bonds have both “bond” and “green” attributes and are one of the important financing tools for green financial markets. The green bond risk premium directly reflects the financing cost of bond issuers and the capital gains of investors. A reasonable risk premium is the key to the successful issuance and trading of green bonds. Therefore, this paper studies the factors affecting the risk premium of China’s green bond issuance, aiming to provide a basis for determining a more reasonable risk premium. Based on the primary issuance market of green bonds, this paper takes into account the macro- and microscopic cross-sectional data of green bond issuance and comprehensively considers the main factors affecting the green bond risk premium from macro-influence factors, micro-influence factors, and green attribute factors. An empirical study of the factors affecting the risk premium of China’s green bond issuance was conducted using multivariate statistical regression analysis. The study found that the green attribute factor affecting the risk premium of green bonds is third-party green assessment certification. The bond factors affecting the risk premium of green bond issuance mainly include debt credit rating, issue period, and issue size, all of which affect the risk of green bond issuance. The issuer factors affecting the risk premium of green bonds include debt principal, nature of property rights, and return on net assets. The macro factor affecting the risk premium of green bonds is the current market interest rate.

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Joy, Jyothish, Edakkandy Akhil, and Eluvathingal D. Jemmis. "Halogen bond shortens and strengthens the bridge bond of [1.1.1]propellane and the open form of [2.2.2]propellane." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 20, no. 40 (2018): 25792–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cp05125a.

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Morita, T., and S. Fujiki. "Chiral order is a property of a directed bond." Physics Letters A 150, no. 5-7 (November 1990): 299–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(90)90100-3.

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Min, Xin Min, and Guo Yi Wang. "Electronic Structure and Thermoelectric Property of Misfit Layered Cobaltite and Doped Series." Advanced Materials Research 512-515 (May 2012): 1611–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.512-515.1611.

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The relations between electronic structure, chemical bond and thermoelectric property of misfit layered cobaltite of Ca3Co4O9and 3d transitional metal (Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe and Cu) doped series are studied using density function and discrete variation method (DFT-DVM). Ca3Co4O9consists of two layers of CoO2and Ca2CoO3. The highest valence band (HVB) and the lowest conduction band (LCB) near Fermi level are only mainly from O 2p and Co 3d in Ca2CoO3layer. Therefore, the semiconductor, or thermoelectric property of Ca3Co4O9should be mainly from Ca2CoO3layer, but it seems to have no direct relation to the CoO2layer, which is consistent with that binary oxides hardly have thermoelectric property, but trinary oxide compounds have quite good thermoelectric property. The variation of electronic structure, chemical bond strength and thermoelectric property of doping series is discussed. The improvement of thermoelectric property of Cu-doped Ca3Co4O9is the most obvious.

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Biglaiser, Glen, and Joseph L. Staats. "Finding the “Democratic Advantage” in Sovereign Bond Ratings: The Importance of Strong Courts, Property Rights Protection, and the Rule of Law." International Organization 66, no. 3 (July 2012): 515–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818312000185.

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AbstractMuch scholarship in the political economy literature has investigated the influence of the democratic advantage on sovereign bond ratings by credit rating agencies (CRAs). Missing from earlier work, however, is inquiry into the effects on bond ratings of factors that lower political risk, such as adherence to the rule of law, the presence of a strong and independent judicial system, and protection of property rights. Using panel data for up to thirty-six developing countries from 1996 to 2006, we find that rule of law, strong and independent courts, and protection of property rights have significant positive effects on bond ratings. Policymakers wanting to obtain higher bond ratings and increased revenue from bond sales would do well to heed the message contained in these findings.

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Kuznetsov, Maxim L. "Strength of the [Z–I···Hal]− and [Z–Hal···I]− Halogen Bonds: Electron Density Properties and Halogen Bond Length as Estimators of Interaction Energy." Molecules 26, no. 7 (April 5, 2021): 2083. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26072083.

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Bond energy is the main characteristic of chemical bonds in general and of non-covalent interactions in particular. Simple methods of express estimates of the interaction energy, Eint, using relationships between Eint and a property which is easily accessible from experiment is of great importance for the characterization of non-covalent interactions. In this work, practically important relationships between Eint and electron density, its Laplacian, curvature, potential, kinetic, and total energy densities at the bond critical point as well as bond length were derived for the structures of the [Z–I···Hal]− and [Z–Hal···I]− types bearing halogen bonds and involving iodine as interacting atom(s) (totally 412 structures). The mean absolute deviations for the correlations found were 2.06–4.76 kcal/mol.

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Michielsen, Stephen, and Xueqin Wang. "Rapid Morphology (Property) Changes at the Bond Periphery in Thermal Point-bonded Nonwovens." International Nonwovens Journal os-11, no. 2 (June 2002): 1558925002OS—01. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925002os-01100208.

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In well-bonded thermal point-bonded nonwovens, most failures originate at the bond edge. Although there have been many explanations of this observation, to date there has not been an experimental test of these explanations. This paper discusses the use of Raman microspectroscopy to infer the morphology of the polymer in the vicinity of the bond edge. The results show that there is a rapid loss of molecular orientation moving from the bridging fibers into the bond. This loss of orientation leads to a decrease in both the modulus and the strength of the fibers at the bond edge, thus explaining the observed failures. It is also shown that the loss of orientation in the vicinity of the bond edge depends directly on processing conditions.

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Jiang, Pingping, Pascal Boulet, and Marie-Christine Record. "Structure-Property Relationships of 2D Ga/In Chalcogenides." Nanomaterials 10, no. 11 (November 2, 2020): 2188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10112188.

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Two-dimensional MX (M = Ga, In; X = S, Se, Te) homo- and heterostructures are of interest in electronics and optoelectronics. Structural, electronic and optical properties of bulk and layered MX and GaX/InX heterostructures have been investigated comprehensively using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Based on the quantum theory of atoms in molecules, topological analyses of bond degree (BD), bond length (BL) and bond angle (BA) have been detailed for interpreting interatomic interactions, hence the structure–property relationship. The X–X BD correlates linearly with the ratio of local potential and kinetic energy, and decreases as X goes from S to Te. For van der Waals (vdW) homo- and heterostructures of GaX and InX, a cubic relationship between microscopic interatomic interaction and macroscopic electromagnetic behavior has been established firstly relating to weighted absolute BD summation and static dielectric constant. A decisive role of vdW interaction in layer-dependent properties has been identified. The GaX/InX heterostructures have bandgaps in the range 0.23–1.49 eV, absorption coefficients over 10−5 cm−1 and maximum conversion efficiency over 27%. Under strain, discordant BD evolutions are responsible for the exclusively distributed electrons and holes in sublayers of GaX/InX. Meanwhile, the interlayer BA adjustment with lattice mismatch explains the constraint-free lattice of the vdW heterostructure.

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Miyazaki, Toshiki, S. Yasunaga, Eiichi Ishida, Masahiro Ashizuka, and Chikara Ohtsuki. "Bioactivity and Mechanical Property of Starch-Based Organic-Inorganic Hybrids." Key Engineering Materials 330-332 (February 2007): 439–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.330-332.439.

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So-called bioactive ceramics bond to living bone through the apatite layer formed on their surfaces in the body. The apatite deposition is triggered by dissolution of calcium ion (Ca2+) and by silanol (Si-OH) group formed on the surfaces of the ceramics. It is expected that organic modification of these components would produce bioactive materials with high flexibility. In this study, we examined bioactivity and mechanical properties of the organic-inorganic hybrids from starch by modification with silanol group and calcium ion. Effect of cross-linking agent was also investigated. The obtained hybrids showed bioactivity and mechanical properties analogous to those of human cancellous bone by appropriate control in their compositions. Addition of cross-linking agent to improve mechanical strength of the hybrids did not decrease their bioactivity.

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Sasmal, Dibyendu K., Wei Feng, Sobhan Roy, Peter Leung, Yanran He, Chufan Cai, Guoshuai Cao, et al. "TCR–pMHC bond conformation controls TCR ligand discrimination." Cellular & Molecular Immunology 17, no. 3 (September 17, 2019): 203–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41423-019-0273-6.

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Abstract A major unanswered question is how a TCR discriminates between foreign and self-peptides presented on the APC surface. Here, we used in situ fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) to measure the distances of single TCR–pMHC bonds and the conformations of individual TCR–CD3ζ receptors at the membranes of live primary T cells. We found that a TCR discriminates between closely related peptides by forming single TCR–pMHC bonds with different conformations, and the most potent pMHC forms the shortest bond. The bond conformation is an intrinsic property that is independent of the binding affinity and kinetics, TCR microcluster formation, and CD4 binding. The bond conformation dictates the degree of CD3ζ dissociation from the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane via a positive calcium signaling feedback loop to precisely control the accessibility of CD3ζ ITAMs for phosphorylation. Our data revealed the mechanism by which a TCR deciphers the structural differences among peptides via the TCR–pMHC bond conformation.

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Cook, Kathy. "The Continued Adoption of ZiBond and DBI in Volume Applications." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2013, DPC (January 1, 2013): 1–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2013dpc-tha11.

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Abstract not available. Outline: Company Background; Intellectual Property Status; Homogeneous Direct Bond (ZiBond) Technology; Hetergeneous Direct Bond (DBI) Technology; Wafer to Wafer (W2W) Applications; Implementation; and Summary

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Yuan, Kun, Hui Xue Li, Huian Tang, and Yuan Cheng Zhu. "Density Function Theory Study on the Recognition of the Urea-Based Involving Bromine Derivation Receptor for the Halogen Anions." Applied Mechanics and Materials 328 (June 2013): 850–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.328.850.

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The recognition mechanism of the urea-based involving Br derivation receptor (A) for the halogen anions through hydrogen bond and halogen bond was discussed by the density function Becke, three-parameter, Lee-Yang-Parr (B3LYP) method. The results showed that the guest-host recognition was performed by using four coordination weak bonds, which include two N-H...X hydrogen bonds and two C-Br...X halogen bonds (X= F-,Cl-,Br- and I-). The calculated interaction energies (ΔECP) with basis set super-position error (BSSE) correction of the four systems are-3.95, -82.43, -70.86 and 992.63 kJmol-1, respectively. So, the urea-based derivation receptor (A) presents the best recognition capable for the Br- and Cl-, and it can not recognize the I- in the same condition. Natural bond orbital theory (NBO) analysis has been used to investigate the electronic behavior and property of the red-shift N-H...X hydrogen bonds and two blue-shift C-Br...X halogen bonds in the A...X- systems.

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Li, Dechang, and Baohua Ji. "Crucial Roles of Bond Rebinding in Rupture Behaviors of Single Molecular Bond at Ultralow Loading Rates." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 07, no. 01 (February 2015): 1550015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825115400153.

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Single-molecule dynamic force spectroscopy (DFS) is a powerful tool for studying mechanical forces of molecular interactions. Recently, the important role of bond rebinding in DSF experiments was recognized, which intrigued mounting researches in this direction. In this work, we study how the bond rebinding influences the strength of single-molecular bonds using Brownian dynamics (BD) simulations and theoretical modeling. Our results show that bond rebinding significantly enhances the strength of single-molecular bond at ultralow loading rates. The rebinding behavior strongly depends on the loading stiffness, suggesting that the strength of single-molecular bond is not only dependent on its intrinsic property, but also the stiffness of loading device. By connecting our new model with conventional theories that did not consider the rebinding effect and are only applied to high loading rates, we propose a unified scheme to predict the rupture forces in a full range of loading rate in DSF experiments and simulations.

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Huang, Shih-Hung, Yeo-Wan Chiang, and Jin-Long Hong. "Luminescent polymers and blends with hydrogen bond interactions." Polymer Chemistry 6, no. 4 (2015): 497–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4py01146e.

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Cho, S. B., Sang Bae Kim, Keon Joon Cho, Ill Yong Kim, Chikara Ohtsuki, and Masanobu Kamitakahara. "In Vitro Aging Test for Bioactive PMMA-Based Bone Cement Using Simulated Body Fluid." Key Engineering Materials 284-286 (April 2005): 153–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.284-286.153.

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Novel PMMA-based bone cement using bioactive sol-gel derived CaO-SiO2 powder in order to induce bioactivity as well as to increase its mechanical property. The novel PMMA-based bone cements formed apatite on their surfaces in Simulated Body Fluid(SBF). In the present study, a change in mechanical property of the cement was evaluated using SBF. Before soaking in SBF, its compressive strength showed 80.6±2.1MPa. After soaking in SBF for 2 weeks, 8weeks and 9 weeks, its compressive strength were changed to 83.6±1.6MPa, 87.3±2.4MPa and 85.6±1.8MPa, respectively. It is clear that from the above result, there is no decrease in its compressive strength within 9 weeks soaking in SBF. That it hardly decreases in compressive strength of 7P3S bone cement in SBF is due to the relative small amount of gel powder or its spherical shape and monosize. Therefore, the newly developed PMMA-based cement can bond to the living bone and also be effectively used as bioactive bone cement without decrease in mechanical property.

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Wu, Zhen Xiu, Ting Sun, Hong Feng Wen, and Tao Zhang. "The Characteristics of Infrared Spectra of Kenaf Fiber and its Composite Material." Advanced Materials Research 503-504 (April 2012): 586–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.503-504.586.

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Kenaf fiber modification, its composite material and its basic PE structure were studied by infrared spectrum and SEM in this paper, the research results show as following: 1730 cm-1 peak in Kenaf fiber clearly becomes weak and 1647 cm-1 peak reduces even disappears via KH-550 coupling treatment. The reaction intensity increases between C-O bonds in 1070 ㎝-1 and C-O-C bonds in 1160㎝-1 with coupling reaction. After KH-550 silane coupling treatment, Kenaf fiber’s C=O bond at 1750 ㎝-1 and PE composite material’s -OH bond at 1250㎝-1 weakens obviously, result in a better compatibility, which is consistent with mechanical property and SEM microstructure of composite materials.

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Mi Guang-Bao, Li Pei-Jie, Huang Xu, and Cao Chun-Xiao. "Relationship between liquid structure and property IIIresidual bond theoretical model." Acta Physica Sinica 61, no. 18 (2012): 186106. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.61.186106.

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YOSHIMURA, Hidenori, Akira TAOKA, Katsuhiko MRAKAMI, Yoshihiro SUKEGAWA, Kazunari SHINAGAWA, and Yutaka MIHARA. "Property of Metallic Hollow Sphere Structures made by Adhesive Bond." Proceedings of the JSME annual meeting 2004.1 (2004): 463–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjo.2004.1.0_463.

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Adams, Stefan. "Bond valence analysis of structure–property relationships in solid electrolytes." Journal of Power Sources 159, no. 1 (September 2006): 200–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.04.085.

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Estrada, Ernesto, and Luis Alberto Montero. "Bond order weighted graphs in molecules as structure-property indices." Molecular Engineering 2, no. 4 (1993): 363–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00999824.

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Yu, Yang, Theodore Tyrikos‐Ergas, Yuntao Zhu, Giulio Fittolani, Vittorio Bordoni, Ankush Singhal, Richard J. Fair, Andrea Grafmüller, Peter H. Seeberger, and Martina Delbianco. "Systematic Hydrogen‐Bond Manipulations To Establish Polysaccharide Structure–Property Correlations." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 58, no. 37 (August 19, 2019): 13127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201906577.

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Yu, Yang, Theodore Tyrikos‐Ergas, Yuntao Zhu, Giulio Fittolani, Vittorio Bordoni, Ankush Singhal, Richard J. Fair, Andrea Grafmüller, Peter H. Seeberger, and Martina Delbianco. "Systematic Hydrogen‐Bond Manipulations To Establish Polysaccharide Structure–Property Correlations." Angewandte Chemie 131, no. 37 (August 19, 2019): 13261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201906577.

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Liin, Susann. "Community of Property – Back to the Roots." Juridica International 29 (December 31, 2020): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/ji.2020.29.02.

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Community of property is a statutory matrimonial-property regime that creates a strong proprietary bond between the spouses, mainly through joint ownership and the obligation for the spouses to administer joint property jointly. This strong proprietary bond, due to which the two individuals are obliged to act together, is so rigid and comprehensive that they can hardly ever act independently. It is questionable that such extensive restrictions are justified and necessary for protection of the weaker spouse. The article presents the roots of the community of property regime and the development of this regime in Estonian law. The aim is to ascertain the point from which the regime has been based on joint ownership and joint administration and reveal whether the obligation for the spouses to act together was always so rigid and all-encompassing. This should aid in understanding whether community of property has stood the test of time because the regime had a different form in the past or because better legal solutions existed alongside it, ones that have been forgotten. The author finds that looking back is a good way to understand the best way to move forward.

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Wang, Zhen Qing, Bing Liu, Da Lei Zhu, and Mu Qiao. "Evaluation on Debonding along the Interface of Reinforced Concrete at Elevated Temperature." Key Engineering Materials 452-453 (November 2010): 189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.452-453.189.

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Steel and concrete are poured together with a certain way which can be regarded as a fiber reinforced composite material. For this composite material, the issues of bond and pull-out are very important. The bond property of reinforced concrete at normal temperature is different from the property at elevated temperature. The exposure of reinforced concrete structural elements to high temperatures during an aggressive fire leads to significant losses in its structural capacity due to the reduction in the strength of the concrete, possible plastic deformation of embedded steel and most importantly loss of bond between reinforcing steel and concrete. This paper aims to investigate the influence of high temperature to the bond slip of reinforced concrete. The bond behavior between reinforced concrete and reinforcing steel bars was evaluated under elevated temperatures. Based on the energy principle, the debonding criterion of the steel bars and concrete at a high temperature is derived. It was concluded that the bond slip should be included in order to reflect the unloading of the concrete surrounding the reinforcing steel exposed to fire temperature.

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Zheng, Shuyuan, and Guofeng Liu. "Polymeric Emissive Materials Based on Dynamic Covalent Bonds." Molecules 27, no. 19 (October 6, 2022): 6635. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196635.

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Dynamic covalent polymers, composed of dynamic covalent bonds (DCBs), have received increasing attention in the last decade due to their adaptive and reversible nature compared with common covalent linked polymers. Incorporating the DCBs into the polymeric material endows it with advanced performance including self-healing, shape memory property, and so forth. However, the emissive ability of such dynamic covalent polymeric materials has been rarely reviewed. Herein, this review has summarized DCBs-based emissive polymeric materials which are classified according to the different types of DCBs, including imine bond, acylhydrazone bond, boronic ester bond, dynamic C-C bond, as well as the reversible bonds based on Diels–Alder reaction and transesterification. The mechanism of chemical reactions and various stimuli-responsive behaviors of DCBs are introduced, followed by typical emissive polymers resulting from these DCBs. By taking advantage of the reversible nature of DCBs under chemical/physical stimuli, the constructed emissive polymeric materials show controllable and switchable emission. Finally, challenges and future trends in this field are briefly discussed in this review.

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Permana, Tatiek Ekawati, Ruli Mochammad Chaerudin, and Darul Wiyono. "STUDI TENTANG FAKTOR-FAKTOR PENENTU BOND RATING PADA INDUSTRI PROPERTI, REAL ESTATE DAN PERUSAHAAN KONTRUKSI BANGUNAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI PERIODE 2013-2017." Ekono Insentif 14, no. 1 (April 6, 2020): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.36787/jei.v14i1.217.

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Abstrak - Peringkat obligasi berguna untuk investor dan penerbit, yang memberikan informasi tentang kemampuan perusahaan untuk membayar obligasi wajib seperti kupon dan nilai nominal. Ketika suatu pemeringkat menyatakan peringkat obligasi suatu obligasi mengalami kenaikan (upgrade) artinya pemeringkat melihat kinerja perusahaan baik. Sebaliknya jika peringkat obligasi mengalami penurunan (downgrade) memperlihatkan kinerja perusahaan tersebut mengalami penurunan. Tingkat rating semakin tinggi maka hal tersebut menunjukkan kemampuan penerbit obligasi untuk membayar utangnya semakin tinggi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor penentu Bond Rating dengan menggunakan CEO power, Leverage, Size dan Profitabilitas sebagai penentu bond rating, dan menentukan mana dari variabel paling penting yang memiliki pengaruh kuat pada perusahaan. Sampel penelitian ini adalah perusahaan properti, real estate dan perusahaan konstruksi bangunan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2013-2017. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis data panel untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor penentu Bond Rating (CEO power, Leverage, ukuran perusahaan dan profitabilitas) di Bursa Efek Indonesia dengan sampel sebanyak 9 perusahaan yang dipilih dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling periode 2013-2017. Hasil uji empiris menunjukkan bahwa leverage berpengaruh negatif terhadap peringkat oligasi (Bond Rating). Abstract - Bond ratings are useful for investors and publishers, who provide information about the company's ability to pay mandatory bonds such as coupons and nominal value. When a rating states that the rating of bonds in a bond is upgraded, the rating considers the company's performance to be good. Conversely, if there is a decrease in bond rating (downgrade), it shows that the company's performance has decreased. The higher the rating level, the higher the ability of the bond issuer to pay its debt. The purpose of this research is to identify the determinants of Bond Rating by using CEO power, Leverage, Size and Profitability as a determinant of bond rating, and determine which of the most important variables that have a strong influence on the company. The sample of this research is property companies, real estate and building construction companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2013-2017. This study uses panel data analysis method to determine the determinants of Bond Rating (CEO power, Leverage, company size and profitability) on the Indonesia Stock Exchange with a sample of 9 companies selected using a purposive sampling technique for the period 2013-2017. The empirical test results show that leverage negatively affects the bond rating.

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Lam, Patrick T. I., Yat Hung Chiang, and Stephen H. Chan. "FINANCING REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT USING BONDS IN ASIA / NEKILNOJAMOJO TURTO STATYBŲ FINANSAVIMAS OBLIGACIJOMIS AZIJOJE." International Journal of Strategic Property Management 15, no. 4 (January 11, 2012): 340–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1648715x.2011.631768.

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During the global financial tsunami, banks were very cautious in financing business needs due to tight credit conditions. Alternative ways for financing projects were sought after by real estate developers worldwide. Within Asia, notably in Hong Kong SAR and Singapore, a number of reputable property developers have been tapping the capital debt market for funds in recent years amidst an increasingly regulated loan market and competitive pricing. In the face of a growing bond market, some corporate bond issues arranged by these property developers have been successful. Apart from investment appetite, property developers have to gauge carefully the pros and cons of raising funds through bond issues. Successful bond issues need to be structured with suitable credit enhancement features since the perception of risk and rising interest rates are major deterrents to potential investors who would otherwise face bond defaults or bear high opportunity costs with the committed funds. Through a number of case studies, the suitability of bond financing for property development is compared with loan financing. It is found that a close monitoring of market conditions and some foresight are essential ingredients for successful bond financing, for both straight bond issues and convertibles. Santrauka Siaučiant pasauliniam finansų cunamiui, dėl griežtų kreditavimo sąlygų bankai verslo poreikius finansavo labai atsargiai. Visame pasaulyje NT vystytojai ieškojo alternatyvių būdų, kaip finansuoti projektus. Pastaraisiais metais, kai paskolų rinka buvo vis labiau reguliuojama, o kainos konkurencingos, ne vienas gerbiamas NT vystytojas Azijoje, ypač Honkongo specialiajame administraciniame regione ir Singapūre, lėšų ieškojo kapitalo (obligacijų) rinkoje. Obligacijų rinkai augant, kai kurios tokių NT vystytojų išleistos įmonių obligacijų emisijos buvo sėkmingos. NT vystytojams reikia atidžiai įvertinti ne tik investicijų poreikį, bet ir visus lėšų rinkimo leidžiant obligacijas ,,už“ ir ,,prieš“. Idant obligacijų emisija būtų sėkminga, ją formuojant būtina deramai sustiprinti kreditą, nes tikėtina rizika ir augančios palūkanos yra pagrindiniai aspektai, kurie atbaido potencialius investuotojus, nes kitaip jiems tektų nemokios obligacijos arba didelės patikėtų lėšų alternatyviosios sąnaudos. Atliekant kelis atvejo tyrimus NT statybų finansavimo obligacijomis tinkamumas lyginamas su finansavimu paskolomis. Nustatyta, kad atidus rinkos sąlygų stebėjimas ir įžvalgumas yra būtini komponentai sėkmingam finansavimui obligacijomis išleidžiant tiek paprastųjų, tiek konvertuojamųjų obligacijų emisijas.

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Yu, Jia Huan, Yu Dai, and Bin Song. "Design, Production and Mechanical Property of White Engineered Cementitious Composites." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 1673–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.1673.

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In this paper , white ECC design framework – scale linking which represents a holistic approach in composite design accounting for the interaction between the fiber, matrix, and interface are proposed. New white ECC showing pseudo strain hardening behavior with over 1.3% of strain capacity under tension are produced. Uniaxial tensile tests and single fiber pullout test of PVA white ECC are conducted to quantify the interfacial bond properties of white ECC. It is shown that lower frictional bond in white ECC may be attributed to the absence of fly ash in white ECC mix design. The mechanical performance of white ECC can be further enhanced by improving fiber bridging capacity.

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Li, Jun Sheng, Wei Jing, Liu Juan Yan, and Li Na Li. "Preparation of Water-Soluble Soy Protein-Based Surfactants by Oxidizing Disulfide Bonds." Advanced Materials Research 236-238 (May 2011): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.63.

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In this paper, the correlations between the cleavage degree of disulfide bonds and soy protein surface activity had been studied in order to show the surface activity of soy protein. The disulfide bonds of soy protein were oxidized to sulfonic groups by performic acid. The distribution of polar and nonpolar groups, and the molecular structure of soy protein were changed because of the oxidation damage of disulfide bonds, and these changes led to changes in surface activity of soy protein. The results showed that the emulsifying property of soy protein was improved by oxidizing the disulfide bonds of protein compared with that of natural soy protein. The change of soy protein emulsifying property is closely related with the degree of the disulfide bond oxidation damage,and that was also an effective way to prepare the protein-based surfactant.

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Dong, Huicong, Shuaichao Yu, Zhihao Feng, and Bin Wen. "Structural property-induced different phonon-twin-boundary scattering in diamond." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 23, no. 6 (2021): 3874–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cp06466a.

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Min, Xin Min, Gang Xu, and Bing Chu Mei. "Structure and Property of Ti-Al-C/TiB₂ Composite Ceramics." Advanced Materials Research 66 (April 2009): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.66.53.

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The relations between composition, electronic structure, chemical bond and property of composites of Ti3AlC2/TiB2, Ti2AlC/TiB2 and related single phases of Ti3AlC2, Ti2AlCas well as TiB2 are studied by the first principle methods. There are strong ionic and covalent interactions among the interfaces of the composites. The interactions among the interfaces, the whole ionic and covalent bond of Ti3AlC2/TiB2 are stronger than those of Ti2AlC/TiB2. The results are consistent with the result of experiment that the mechanics property of Ti3AlC2/TiB2 is better than that of Ti2AlC/TiB2.

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Maharditya, Muhammad Adika, Layyinaturrobaniyah Layyinaturrobaniyah, and Mokhamad Anwar. "Implication of Macroeconomic Factors to Stock Returns of Indonesian Property and Real Estate Companies." Jurnal Dinamika Manajemen 9, no. 1 (June 9, 2018): 100–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jdm.v9i1.14656.

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This study aims to identify the effect of interest rate change policy made by Bank Indonesia during the period of January 2010-March 2016 to stock return of the property sector and real estate. In addition, this study also aims to test whether fluctuations in government bond yields, inflation, and indigo exchange also affect the stock returns of the property sector and real estate in Indonesia. By using purposive sampling, there are 15 companies that will be used as research samples. By using multiple linear regression analysis, there is no significant negative effect of interest rate (BI Rate) and inflation on stock return of the property sector and real estate. Nevertheless, it was found that the variable fluctuation of government bond yield and dollar exchange rate against rupiah had a negative and significant effect on stock returns of property and real estate sector in Indonesia. Increased bond yield would make investors choose other instruments as an alternative to investing money. In addition, investors also tend to choose to save money in the form of US Dollar rather than investing money in the capital market, further with the weakening of the value of the rupiah will increase the amount of foreign debt from the company.

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Zainurohmah, Zainurohmah, Marcelia Puspa Andini, and Anisa Vira Damayanti. "Discourse on Post-Divorce Distribution of Joint Assets in the Perspective of Islamic Law in Indonesia." Contemporary Issues on Interfaith Law and Society 2, no. 1 (January 31, 2023): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/ciils.v2i1.66295.

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Marriage is an inner birth bond between a man and a woman as a husband and wife with one with a noble purpose. Although basically the marriage is expected to run smoothly but in unexpected situations and conditions, the marriage can also end in divorce. One of the problems that must be resolved after the married couple divorces is the problem related to the division of common property. Indonesia is a country where most of its citizens convert to Islam so knowledge related to how to regulate common property in marriage according to Islamic Law is important to discuss. This study aims to examine property in marriage with the perspective of Islamic Law. This type of research is normative juridical research with a statutory approach. The results showed that joint property according to Islamic law is that there is property obtained either singly or with the husband and wife during the marriage bond. According to the Compilation of Islamic Law, the division of common property in the event of a divorce, be it a dead divorce or a living divorce, the spouse is entitled to obtain half of the amount of common property as long as it is not otherwise specified in the marriage agreement.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Bond property'

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