Journal articles: 'Bombyx mori silkworm'

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G. SAVITHRI, G. SAVITHRI, P. SUJATHAMMA P. SUJATHAMMA, and V. Asha Krishna. "Silkworm Bombyx Mori – An Economic Insect." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 7 (June 1, 2012): 535–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/july2013/187.

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Micheal, Ann Sandhya, and Muthangi Subramanyam. "Stressors Induced Antioxidant System in Silkworm Bombyx Mori." International Journal of Scientific Research 3, no. 7 (June 1, 2012): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/july2014/174.

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Song, Wenting, Yixuan Fan, Feifei Zhu, Rehab Hosny Taha, and Keping Chen. "The Expression of UGT46A1 Gene and Its Effect on Silkworm Feeding." Processes 9, no. 8 (August 23, 2021): 1473. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9081473.

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The silkworm, Bombyx mori, uses a complex olfactory system to determine whether the food is edible. As an odor degrading enzyme, UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT) participates in the degradation of odor molecules in the olfactory system of the silkworm. By sequencing the whole genome of the silkworm NB and using comparative genomics methods, we found that UGT46A1 is unique in species that eat mulberry leaves. Bioinformatics shows that its function may be related to the feeding habits of the silkworm. In this study, it was found through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) that UGT46A1 was highly expressed in the heads of silkworms, which was consistent with the conjecture that UGT46A1 was involved in silkworm olfactory recognition. RNA interference (RNAi) was used to knock down the expression of UGT46A1. By observing the silkworm’s tendency toward mulberry leaves and food selectivity, it was found that the silkworms that successfully knocked down the UGT46A1 gene altered their feeding habits and that their ability to find food was weakened, but they could eat more leaves of plants other than mulberry leaves. This evidence indicates that UGT46A1 may affect the silkworm’s feeding by influencing the olfactory system of the silkworm.

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Qian, Heying, Gang Li, Guodong Zhao, Mingzhu Liu, and Anying Xu. "Metabolic Characterisation of the Midgut of Bombyx mori Varieties after BmNPV Infection Using GC-MS-Based Metabolite Profiling." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 13 (July 1, 2020): 4707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21134707.

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Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) is a silkworm disease that is especially harmful to cocoon production and seriously restricts sericultural development. Our laboratory successfully cultivated a new highly BmNPV-resistant silkworm variety, Huakang 2; however, its mechanism of BmNPV resistance remains unclear. To understand its resistance mechanism, we conducted a metabolomic and transcriptomic study of the midgut of silkworm varieties, Baiyu N and Baiyu after BmNPV infection. We identified 451 differential metabolites, which were mostly comprised of small molecules, such as saccharides, acids, amines, alcohols, and glycosides. We found that the primary differences in disease resistance between the silkworm varieties are metabolic-pathways, tryptophan metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, ABC-transporters, beta-alanine metabolism, and phenylalanine metabolism. Combined analysis with transcriptomic data suggested that tryptophan metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation are closely related to the silkworms’ BmNPV resistance. We hypothesize that the roles of the two metabolic pathways in the BmNPV resistance mechanism might be the following: Oxidative phosphorylation generates a large amount of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in response to BmNPV infection to provide silkworms the energy required for establishing BmNPV resistance. Tryptophan metabolism then activates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) through the exogenous virus BmNPV, which activates the silkworm’s immune system to defeat BmNPV infections.

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Zhao, Erhu, Xiaolan Jiang, and Hongjuan Cui. "Bombyx mori Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase: Knockdown Inhibits Cell Growth and Proliferation via Inducing Cell Cycle Arrest." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 9 (August 30, 2018): 2581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19092581.

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Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway, is the fourth enzyme of pyrimidine synthesis and is used to oxidize dihydroorotate and hence to orotat. We cloned and characterized here the dhod of silkworms, Bombyx mori. The full-length cDNA sequence of dhod is 1339 bp, including an open reading frame (ORF) of 1173 bp that encoded a 390 amino acid protein. And two domains were involved in the Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase amino acid sequence of silkworms, Bombyx mori (BmDHODH), namely a DHO_dh domain and a transmembrane domain in N-termina. The silkworm dhod is expressed throughout development and in nine tissues. Moreover, knockdown of the silkworm dhod gene reduced cell growth and proliferation through G2/M phase cell cycle arrest. Similarly, DHODH inhibitor (leflunomide) also reduced cell growth and proliferation, with a significant decrease of cyclin B and cdk2. DHODH is the fourth enzyme of pyrimidine synthesis, so we also found that leflunomide can inhibit, at least in part, the endomitotic DNA replication in silk glands cells. These findings demonstrate that downregulation of BmDHODH inhibits cell growth and proliferation in silkworm cells, and the endomitotic DNA replication in silk gland cells.

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Xu, Jun, Qinglin Dong, Ye Yu, Baolong Niu, Dongfeng Ji, Muwang Li, Yongping Huang, Xin Chen, and Anjiang Tan. "Mass spider silk production through targeted gene replacement in Bombyx mori." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 35 (August 6, 2018): 8757–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1806805115.

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Spider silk is one of the best natural fibers and has superior mechanical properties. However, the large-scale harvesting of spider silk by rearing spiders is not feasible, due to their territorial and cannibalistic behaviors. The silkworm, Bombyx mori, has been the most well known silk producer for thousands of years and has been considered an ideal bioreactor for producing exogenous proteins, including spider silk. Previous attempts using transposon-mediated transgenic silkworms to produce spider silk could not achieve efficient yields, due to variable promoter activities and endogenous silk fibroin protein expression. Here, we report a massive spider silk production system in B. mori by using transcription activator-like effector nuclease-mediated homology-directed repair to replace the silkworm fibroin heavy chain gene (FibH) with the major ampullate spidroin-1 gene (MaSp1) in the spider Nephila clavipes. We successfully replaced the ∼16-kb endogenous FibH gene with a 1.6-kb MaSp1 gene fused with a 1.1-kb partial FibH sequence and achieved up to 35.2% chimeric MaSp1 protein amounts in transformed cocoon shells. The presence of the MaSp1 peptide significantly changed the mechanical characteristics of the silk fiber, especially the extensibility. Our study provides a native promoter-driven, highly efficient system for expressing the heterologous spider silk gene instead of the transposon-based, random insertion of the spider gene into the silkworm genome. Targeted MaSp1 integration into silkworm silk glands provides a paradigm for the large-scale production of spider silk protein with genetically modified silkworms, and this approach will shed light on developing new biomaterials.

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Yu, Lin-Lin, Ying-Jun Cui, Guo-Jun Lang, Ming-Yan Zhang, and Chuan-Xi Zhang. "The ionotropic γ-aminobutyric acid receptor gene family of the silkworm, Bombyx mori." Genome 53, no. 9 (September 2010): 688–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g10-056.

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γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a very important inhibitory neurotransmitter in both vertebrate and invertebrate nervous systems. GABA receptors (GABARs) are known to be the molecular targets of a class of insecticides. Members of the GABAR gene family of the silkworm, Bombyx mori , a model insect of Lepidoptera, have been identified and characterized in this study. All putative silkworm GABAR cDNAs were cloned using the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). Bombyx mori appears to have the largest insect GABAR gene family known to date, including three RDL, one LCCH3, and one GRD subunit. The silkworm RDL1 gene has RNA-editing sites, and the RDL1 and RDL3 genes possess alternative splicing. These mRNA modifications enhance the diversity of the silkworm’s GABAR gene family. In addition, truncated transcripts were found for the RDL1 and LCCH3 genes. In particular, the three RDL subunits may have arisen from two duplication events.

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Tang, Linmeng, Dehong Yang, Yaohui Wang, Xu Yang, Kai Chen, Xingyu Luo, Jun Xu, et al. "5′-Nucleotidase Plays a Key Role in Uric Acid Metabolism of Bombyx mori." Cells 10, no. 9 (August 30, 2021): 2243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10092243.

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Uric acid (UA) is the end-product in the human purine metabolism pathway. The UA that accumulates in silkworm tissues is excreted as a nitrogen waste product. Here, we first validated that Bombyx mori has a homolog of the human gene that encodes the 5′-nucleotidase (5′N) involved in purine metabolism. The B. mori gene, Bm5′N, is located upstream of other genes involved in UA metabolism in the silkworm. Disruption of Bm5′N via the CRISPR/Cas9 system resulted in decreased UA levels in the silkworm epidermis and caused a translucent skin phenotype. When Bm5′N mutant silkworms were fed with the uric acid precursor inosine, the UA levels in the epidermis increased significantly. Furthermore, the metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses of Bm5′N mutants indicated that loss of the Bm5′N affected purine metabolism and the ABC transport pathway. Taken together, these results suggest that the UA pathway is conserved between the silkworm and humans and that the Bm5′N gene plays a crucial role in the uric acid metabolism of the silkworm. Thus, the silkworm may be a suitable model for the study of UA metabolism pathways relevant to human disease.

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Rudramuni, Kiran, Shiv Kumar, Bharath K. Neelaboina, Mir N. Ahmad, and Sukhen R. Chowdhury. "Atypical voltinism in mulberry silkworm Bombyx mori L., 1758 (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) races Barapat and Barapolu." Entomological Communications 3 (January 4, 2021): ec03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.37486/2675-1305.ec03001.

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The mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori L., 1758 (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) is classified as univoltine, bivoltine, and polyvoltine based on the annual brood frequency. Voltinism in B. mori is characterized by the occurrence of embryonic diapause (facultative and obligatory diapause). Univoltine silkworms suited to cold and temperate regions lay diapausing eggs and polyvoltine silkworms suited to tropical regions lay non-diapausing eggs. In contrast, the occurrence of diapause in bivoltine silkworms is influenced by the environment. In addition to the difference in the occurrence of embryonic diapause, larval duration, and cocoon characters show distinct variations. In the present correspondence, we are presenting an interesting observation from two silkworm races Barapath and Barapolu originating from the North-East region of India that display divergence in voltinism. The unique characteristic features of univoltine, bivoltine, and polyvoltine observed in the races are discussed explaining the occurrence.

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Ito, Katsuhiko, Kangayam M. Ponnuvel, and Keiko Kadono-Okuda. "Host Response against Virus Infection in an Insect: Bidensovirus Infection Effect on Silkworm (Bombyx mori)." Antioxidants 10, no. 4 (March 27, 2021): 522. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10040522.

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Silk cocoons obtained from silkworms are the primary source of commercial silk, making the silkworm an economically important insect. However, the silk industry suffers significant losses due to various virus infections. Bombyx mori bidensovirus (BmBDV) is one of the pathogens that cause flacherie disease in silkworms. Most silkworm strains die after BmBDV infection. However, certain silkworm strains show resistance to the virus, which is determined by a single recessive gene, nsd-2. The +nsd-2 gene (allele of nsd-2; the susceptibility gene) encodes a putative amino acid transporter expressed only in the insect’s midgut, where BmBDV can infect, suggesting that this membrane protein may function as a receptor for BmBDV. Interestingly, the expression analysis revealed no changes in the +nsd-2 gene expression levels in virus-uninfected silkworms, whereas the gene expression drastically decreased in the virus-infected silkworm. This condition indicates that the host factor’s expression, the putative virus receptor, is affected by BmBDV infection. It has recently been reported that the expression levels of some host genes encoding cuticle, antioxidant, and immune response-related proteins were significantly regulated by BmBDV infection. In this review, we discuss the host response against virus infection based on our knowledge and long-term research experience in this field.

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Cai, Yimei, Xiaomin Yu, Qing Zhou, Caixia Yu, Haiyan Hu, Jiucheng Liu, Hongbin Lin, et al. "Novel microRNAs in silkworm (Bombyx mori)." Functional & Integrative Genomics 10, no. 3 (March 13, 2010): 405–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10142-010-0162-7.

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Nagasawa, H. "Neuropeptides of the silkworm,Bombyx mori." Experientia 48, no. 5 (May 1992): 425–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01928160.

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Qian, He-Ying, Xiao Zhang, Guo-Dong Zhao, Hui-Min Guo, Gang Li, and An-Ying Xu. "Effects of Pyriproxyfen Exposure on Reproduction and Gene Expressions in Silkworm, Bombyx mori." Insects 11, no. 8 (July 24, 2020): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11080467.

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The silkworm, Bombyx mori Linnaeus, is an important economic insect and a representative model organism of Lepidoptera, which has been widely used in the study of reproduction and development. The development of the silkworm’s reproductive gland is easily affected by many external factors, such as chemical insecticides. After the silkworm larvae were treated with different concentrations of pyriproxyfen, the results showed that the number of eggs and hatching rate of eggs in the silkworm can be reduced by pyriproxyfen, and the concentration effects were displayed. Pyriproxyfen exposure could affect the normal development of the ovary tissue by reducing the number of oocytes and oogonia in the ovaries of silkworm fed with pyriproxyfen. We employed qRT-PCR, to detect the expressions of genes related to ovary development (Vg, Ovo, Otu, Sxl-S and Sxl-L) and hormone regulation (EcR and JHBP2) in silkworm. Our study showed that the transcription levels of Vg, Ovo, Otu, Sxl-S and Sxl-L in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group (6.08%, 61.99%, 83.51%, 99.31% and 71.95%, respectively). The transcription level of ECR was 70.22% for the control group, while that of JHBP2 was upregulated by 3.92-fold. Changes of transcription levels of these genes caused by pyriproxyfen exposure ultimately affect the absorption of nutrients, energy metabolism, ovary development and egg formation of the silkworm, thus leading to reproductive disorders of the silkworm. In general, our study revealed the response of silkworm reproduction to pyriproxyfen exposure and provided a certain reference value for the metabolism of the silkworm to pyriproxyfen.

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Yokoi, Kakeru, Takuya Tsubota, Akiya Jouraku, Hideki Sezutsu, and Hidemasa Bono. "Reference Transcriptome Data in Silkworm Bombyx mori." Insects 12, no. 6 (June 3, 2021): 519. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12060519.

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Herein, we performed RNA-seq analysis of ten major tissues/subparts of silkworm larvae. The sequences were mapped onto the reference genome assembly and the reference transcriptome data were successfully constructed. The reference data provided a nearly complete sequence for sericin-1, a major silk gene with a complex structure. We also markedly improved the gene model for other genes. The transcriptomic expression was investigated in each tissue and a number of transcripts were identified that were exclusively expressed in tissues such as the testis. Transcripts strongly expressed in the midgut formed tight genomic clusters, suggesting that they originated from tandem gene duplication. Transcriptional factor genes expressed in specific tissues or the silk gland subparts were also identified. We successfully constructed reference transcriptome data in the silkworm and found that a number of transcripts showed unique expression profiles. These results will facilitate basic studies on the silkworm and accelerate its applications, which will contribute to further advances in lepidopteran and entomological research as well as the practical use of these insects.

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Mirhosseini, Seyed Ziaeedin, Alireza Seidavi, Mani Ghanipour, Sogra Vishkaee, and Alireza Bizhannia. "Performance of new hybrids of silkworm Bombyx mori (Lep.: Bombycidae)." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2007 (April 2007): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200020640.

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Silkworm hybrids are produced in efforts to improve the yield of silkworm rearing, whereas these genetic characteristics greatly differ among groups of hybrids (Raju and Krishnamurthy, 1995). So, the identification and evaluation of the performance of hybrids in different seasons are very important for silkworm breeding and sericulture. In this research, we evaluated the performance of 15 new silkworm hybrids, which evolved in the Iran Silkworm Research Center from pure lines in order to select the most-production hybrids for commercial application.

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Xu, Zhang, Gao, Wu, Qian, Li, and Xu. "Comparative Proteomic Analysis Reveals Immune Competence in Hemolymph of Bombyx mori Pupa Parasitized by Silkworm Maggot Exorista sorbillans." Insects 10, no. 11 (November 18, 2019): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects10110413.

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The silkworm maggot, Exorista sorbillans, is a well-known larval endoparasitoid of the silkworm Bombyx mori that causes considerable damage to the silkworm cocoon crop. To gain insights into the response mechanism of the silkworm at the protein level, we applied a comparative proteomic approach to investigate proteomic differences in the hemolymph of the female silkworm pupae parasitized by E. sorbillans. In total, 50 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were successfully identified, of which 36 proteins were upregulated and 14 proteins were downregulated in response to parasitoid infection. These proteins are mainly involved in disease, energy metabolism, signaling pathways, and amino acid metabolism. Eight innate immune proteins were distinctly upregulated to resist maggot parasitism. Apoptosis-related proteins of cathepsin B and 14-3-3 zeta were significantly downregulated in E. sorbillans-parasitized silkworm pupae; their downregulation induces apoptosis. Quantitative PCR was used to further verify gene transcription of five DEPs, and the results are consistent at the transcriptional and proteomic levels. This was the first report on identification of possible proteins from the E. bombycis-parasitized silkworms at the late stage of parasitism, which contributes to furthering our understanding of the response mechanism of silkworms to parasitism and dipteran parasitoid biology.

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Wang, Yao, Juan Li, Qiu-Xing Wan, Qin Zhao, Kai-Xuan Wang, and Xing-Fu Zha. "Spliceosomal Protein Gene BmSPX Regulates Reproductive Organ Development in Bombyx mori." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 7 (April 8, 2020): 2579. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21072579.

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Sex determination and differentiation are nearly universal to all eukaryotic organisms, encompassing diverse systems and mechanisms. Here, we identified a spliceosomal protein gene BmSPX involved in sex determination of the lepidopeteran insect, Bombyx mori. In a transgenic silkworm line that overexpressed the BmSPX gene, transgenic silkworm males exhibited differences in their external genitalia compared to wild-type males, but normal internal genitalia. Additionally, transgenic silkworm females exhibited a developmental disorder of the reproductive organs. Upregulation of BmSPX significantly increased the expression levels of sex-determining genes (BmMasc and BmIMP) and reduced the female-type splice isoform of Bmdsx, which is a key switch gene downstream of the sex-determination pathway. Additionally, co-immunoprecipitation assays confirmed an interaction between the BmSPX protein and BmPSI, an upstream regulatory factor of Bmdsx. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that BmSPX over-expression upregulated the expression of the Hox gene abdominal-B (Adb-B), which is required for specification of the posterior abdomen, external genitalia, and gonads of insects, as well as the genes in the Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (RTK) signaling pathway. In conclusion, our study suggested the involvement of BmSPX, identified as a novel regulatory factor, in the sex-determination pathway and regulation of reproductive organ development in silkworms.

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Brady, Daniel, Alessio Saviane, Silvia Cappellozza, and Federica Sandrelli. "An Efficient Workflow for Screening and Stabilizing CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Mutant Lines in Bombyx mori." Methods and Protocols 4, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mps4010004.

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The domestic silkworm Bombyx mori is extensively studied as a model organism for lepidopteran genetics and has an economic value in silk production. Silkworms also have applications in biomedical and cosmetic industries, and the production of mutant B. mori strains significantly enhances basic and applied silkworm research. In recent years, CRISPR/Cas9 technology is being rapidly adopted as the most efficient molecular tool for generating silkworm lines carrying mutations in target genes. Here we illustrate a complete and efficient workflow to screen, characterize rapidly and follow mutations through generations, allowing the generation of B. mori lines, stably inheriting single CRISPR/Cas9-induced mutations. This approach relies on the use of different molecular methods, the heteroduplex assay, cloning followed by Sanger sequencing, and the amplification refractory mutation system PCR. The use of these methodologies in a sequential combination allows the identification of CRISPR/Cas9-induced mutations in genes mapping on both autosomes and sex chromosomes, and the selection of appropriate individuals to found stable mutant B. mori lines. This protocol could be further applied to screen CRISPR/Cas9 mutations in haploid insects.

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Anuduang, Artorn, Yuet Ying Loo, Somchai Jomduang, Seng Joe Lim, and Wan Aida Wan Mustapha. "Effect of Thermal Processing on Physico-Chemical and Antioxidant Properties in Mulberry Silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) Powder." Foods 9, no. 7 (July 3, 2020): 871. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9070871.

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The mulberry silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) is a common edible insect in many countries. However, the impact of thermal processing, especially regarding Thai silkworm powder, is poorly known. We, therefore, determined the optimum time for treatment in hot water and subsequent drying temperatures in the production of silkworm powder. The silkworms exposed to 90 °C water for 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 min showed values of Total Phenolic Compounds (TPCs), 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging (DPPH) assay, 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) assay, and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay that were significantly (p < 0.05) higher at the 5 min exposure time compared with the other times. The reduction of microorganisms based on log CFU/g counts was ≥3 log CFU/g (99%) at the 5 min treatment. To determine the optimum drying temperature, the silkworms exposed to 90 °C water for 5 min were subjected to a hot-air dryer at 80, 100, 120, and 140 °C. The TPC value was the highest (p < 0.05) at 80 °C. The silkworm powder possessed significantly (p < 0.05) higher DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging ability, and ferric ion reducing capability (FRAP assay) at 80 °C compared with other drying temperatures. This study indicates that shorter exposure times to hot water and a low drying temperature preserve the antioxidant activities. High antioxidant activities (in addition to its known protein and fat content) suggest that silkworms and silkworm powder can make a valuable contribution to human health.

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Rexin, Dr A. "Effect of Sporlac on Protein Content of Silkworm Bombyx Mori L." International journal of Emerging Trends in Science and Technology 03, no. 03 (March 22, 2017): 4994–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijetst/v4i3.02.

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Wang, Bingbing, Liang Jiang, Huizhen Guo, Qiang Sun, Yumei Wang, Enyu Xie, and Qingyou Xia. "Screening of PI3K-Akt-targeting Drugs for Silkworm against Bombyx mori Nucleopolyhedrovirus." Molecules 24, no. 7 (April 1, 2019): 1260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24071260.

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Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) is the most prevalent threat to silkworms. Hence, there is a need for antiviral agents in sericulture. The PI3K-Akt pathway is essential for the efficient replication of the baculovirus. In an attempt to screen antiviral drugs against BmNPV, we summarized the commercial compounds targeting PI3K-Akt and selected the following seven oral drugs for further analyses: afuresertib, AZD8835, AMG319, HS173, AS605240, GDC0941, and BEZ235. Cell viability assay revealed that the cytotoxicity of these drugs at 10 µM concentration was not strong. Viral fluorescence observation and qPCR analysis showed that these candidate drugs significantly inhibited BmNPV in BmE cells. Only AMG319 and AZD8835 inhibited viral proliferation in silkworm larvae. The mortality of AZD8835-treated silkworms was lower than that of the control silkworms. Western blotting showed that AMG319 and AZD8835 decreased p-Akt expression after BmNPV infection. These results suggest that AZD8835 has application potential in sericulture.

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Sugiura, Nobuo, Motoko Ikeda, Tatsumasa Shioiri, Mayumi Yoshimura, Michihiro Kobayashi, and Hideto Watanabe. "Chondroitinase from baculovirus Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus and chondroitin sulfate from silkworm Bombyx mori." Glycobiology 23, no. 12 (September 18, 2013): 1520–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/glycob/cwt082.

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Yang, H., W. Fan, H. Wei, J. Zhang, Z. Zhou, J. Li, J. Lin, N. Ding, and B. Zhong. "Transgenic breeding of anti-Bombyx mori L. nuclear polyhedrosis virus silkworm Bombyx mori." Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica 40, no. 10 (October 1, 2008): 873–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/abbs/40.10.873.

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Rajagopal, V., H. L. Ramesh, V. N. Yogananda Murthy, and K. N. Ninge Gowda. "Efficacy of fungicide ‘Kavach’ against Beauveria bassiana L. in silkworm Bombyx mori L." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 6, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v6i1.371.

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Silkworm Bombyx mori L. is prone to be attacked by pathogen and more notably Beauveria bassiana L. Bed disinfectant Kavach was inoculated in different dosages (0.2%-1.6%) to IV and V instar silkworms of both bivoltine and cross breeds. Potency of disinfectant was assessed for the parameters such as survivability, larval duration, physiological, chemo and bio-assay tests. It was revealed that, bivoltine (NB4D2) silkworms were highly susceptible to diseases compared to cross breeds (PMxNB4D2). In bivoltine silkworms, survivability was found to be 61.15% at 1.6% of Kavach, when dusted twice during IV and V instar and crossbreed silkworms exhibited better resistance of 63.10% with the same treatments. Kavach treated silkworms showed decreased larval duration compared to control worms. Crossbreed silkworms were capable of maintaining high level of soluble proteins in spite of infection on 3rd day (17.40%), 4th day (20.50%) and 5th day (21.55%) whereas in bivoltine silkworms soluble protein level was brought down on 3rd day (19.30%), 4th day (22.40%) and 5th day (23.40%). Total soluble sugarsvaried from third day till fifth day in both the races. Kavach dusted twice at 1% proved to be very useful in the improvement of various commercial cocoons characters.

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Qiang, Wang, Ju Xiaoli, Zhou Yang, Chen Liang, and Chen Keping. "The immune response of silkworm, Bombyx mori." African Journal of Microbiology Research 8, no. 38 (September 17, 2014): 3435–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajmr2014.6763.

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Mita, K. "The Genome Sequence of Silkworm, Bombyx mori." DNA Research 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/dnares/11.1.27.

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Nagasawa, Hiromichi, Takehiko Kamito, Shigeru Takahashi, Akira Isogai, Hajime Fugo, and Akinori Suzuki. "Eclosion hormone of the silkworm Bombyx mori." Insect Biochemistry 15, no. 5 (January 1985): 573–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-1790(85)90117-9.

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Zhao, Qiao-Ling, Xing-Jia Shen, Liang-Jun Zhu, Yong-Zhu Yi, Shun-Ming Tang, Guo-Zheng Zhang, and Xi-Jie Guo. "Characterization of CIb1 Gene Promoter from Silkworm, Bombyx mori." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 62, no. 11-12 (December 1, 2007): 875–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2007-11-1216.

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The hemolymph chymotrypsin inhibitor b1 (CIb1) of silkworm, Bombyx mori, plays an important role in innate immunity. In order to study its encoding gene CIb1, five heterogeneous promoter fragments of 844 bp, 682 bp, 516 bp, 312 bp and 82 bp in length were cloned from genomic DNA of the p50 silkworm strain. Characterization of the CIb1 promoter was performed in vitro using the firefly luciferase gene as reporter. The results showed that CIb1 promoter fragments have transcription activities in the B. mori ovary-derived BmN cell line. The 82 bp fragment (-72 to +10 nt) containing the eukaryotic core promoter elements revealed a basic transcription activity. The Bm1 element, upstream the transcription initiation site, showed a positive regulation function to the CIb1 promoter. CIb1 promoter-like fragments from the genomic DNA of the tetra hybrid silkworm Suju\Minghu provided a natural deletion model for the study of the CIb1 promoter. In vitro analysis indicated that the 132 bp fragment from -517 nt to -386 nt upstream of the transcription initiation site strongly suppressed the transcription activity of the CIb1 promoter, suggesting that the 132 bp fragment harbours strong negative cis-acting elements. Infection of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) increased the activity of the CIb1 promoter, having provided another evidence to the function of CIb1 in the innate immunity of silkworm.

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Li, Muwang, Li Shen, Anying Xu, Xuexia Miao, Chengxiang Hou, Pingjiang Sun, Yuehua Zhang, and Yongping Huang. "Genetic diversity among silkworm (Bombyx mori L., Lep., Bombycidae) germplasms revealed by microsatellites." Genome 48, no. 5 (October 1, 2005): 802–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g05-053.

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To determine genetic relationships among strains of silkworm, Bombyx mori L., 31 strains with different origins, number of generations per year, number of molts per generation, and morphological characters were studied using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Twenty-six primer pairs flanking microsatellite sequences in the silkworm genome were assayed. All were polymorphic and unambiguously separated silkworm strains from each other. A total of 188 alleles were detected with a mean value of 7.2 alleles/locus (range 2–17). The average heterozygosity value for each SSR locus ranged from 0 to 0.60, and the highest one was 0.96 (Fl0516 in 4013). The mean polymorphism index content (PIC) was 0.66 (range 0.12–0.89). Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic means (UPGMA) cluster analysis of Nei's genetic distance grouped silkworm strains based on their origin. Seven major ecotypic silkworm groups were analyzed. Principal components analysis (PCA) for SSR data support their UPGMA clustering. The results indicated that SSR markers are an efficient tool for fingerprinting cultivars and conducting genetic-diversity studies in the silkworm.Key words: silkworm, Bombyx mori L., microsatellites, simple sequence repeat (SSR), genetic diversity.

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Banno, Yutaka, Takashi Nakamura, Eiichi Nagashima, Hiroshi Fujii, and Hiroshi Doira. "M chromosome of the wild silkworm, Bombyx mandarina (n = 27), corresponds to two chromosomes in the domesticated silkworm, Bombyx mori (n = 28)." Genome 47, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 96–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g03-112.

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Chromosomes of Bombyx mori (n = 28) and of Bombyx mandarina (n = 27) were studied cytogenetically to resolve the origin of the large M chromosome in the Japaneses type of B. mandarina. In the F1 progeny from the reciprocal cross between B. mandarina and B. mori, the mitotic chromosome number was 2n = 55, and a chromosome configuration of 26 bivalents plus 1 trivalent was observed at metaphase I of germ cells. The trivalent chromosome consisted of the M chromosome from B. mandarina and two chromosomes from B. mori. When males of B. mori were mated to the F1 females, nuclei with two types of chromosome number (2n = 55 and 2n = 56) and two sets of chromosome pairs (26 bivalents plus 1 trivalent versus 28 bivalents) were observed in the metaphase I stage. Linkage analysis showed that the 14th chromosome of B. mori was involved in these two types of chromosome segregation. This result indicates that the M chromosome in B. mandarina arose from a fusion between a chromosome corresponding to the 14th linkage group and another, yet unidentified linkage group.Key words: Bombyx mandarina, Bombyx mori, chromosome dimorphism, linkage, karyotype.

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Liu, Xiao Hong, Ye Feng Li, Jian Xu, Jun Zhou, and Xiao Ping Lu. "The Fluorescent Pigment of Mulberry Transferred in the Body of Silkworm, Bombyx Mori." Advanced Materials Research 175-176 (January 2011): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.175-176.3.

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Using silkworm (Bombyx mori, Dazao strain) as material, the fluorescent pigment of mulberry, silkworm blood, silk gland, cocoon shell, silkworm excrement, silkworm urine and moth urine were analyzed by using the technology of thin layer chromatography (TLC). The results indicated that there were 7 bands of fluorescent pigment from the extracts of green cocoon shell after TLC analysis. While, 2 bands in silkworm blood and its urine extracts, 4 bands in the silk gland extracts, as well as 5 bands in moth urine extracts were detected, but no band detection in the silkworm excrement extracts. The blue-violet fluorescent pigment which has the same Rf (0.35) was detected from the extracts of green cocoon shell, silk gland, silkworm urine, moth urine and mulberry after TLC analysis, but it cannot be found in silkworm blood and silkworm excrement. It was revealed that the blue-violet fluorescent pigment may be transferred directly from mulberry leaves, and then accumulated in the silk gland. Most of the pigment remained in the cocoon shell. And only a small amount of this kind of pigment was excreted through urine. There was also some yellow-green fluorescent pigment detected in the silkworm blood, silk gland and cocoon shell extracts, but it cannot be detected in both the mulberry and silkworm urine extracts. It was suggested that yellow-green fluorescent pigment synthesis pathway exist in the body of silkworm (Bombyx mori, Dazao strain).

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Wang, Qiang, Xiaoli Ju, Liang Chen, and Keping Chen. "Caspase-1 from the silkworm, Bombyx mori, is involved in Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus infection." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 72, no. 3-4 (March 1, 2017): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2016-0133.

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Abstract Caspase-1 is one of the effector caspases in mammals that plays a central role in apoptosis. However, the lepidopteran caspase-1, especially the Bombyx mori caspase-1 (Bm-caspase-1), has not been investigated in detail. In this study, Bm-caspase-1 was identified from an expressed sequence tag database in B. mori by BLAST search. The open reading frame of Bm-caspase-1 contained 879 nucleotides and encoded 293 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 33 kDa. Bm-caspase-1 contained two consensus amino acid motifs of caspase cleavage sites, DEGDA and TETDG. Caspase activity assays revealed significant proteolytic activity of the Ac-DEVD-pNA substrate. Bm-caspase-1 can be detected in all tissues and developmental stages by a semi quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay. More importantly, the expression level of Bm-caspase-1 is increased upon baculovirus infection and up-regulated in BmNPV-resistant silkworms. Taken together, these results indicate that Bm-caspase-1 plays an important role during baculovirus infection.

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Lytvyn, V., G. Babaieva, and O. Dmytriieva. "Assessment of genotypes of silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) for organic sericulture." Visnyk agrarnoi nauky 95, no. 2 (February 15, 2017): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/agrovisnyk201702-06.

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Priya S, Vishnu, and Somasundaram P. "INDUCED PHENOLOXIDASE PROFILES IN SILKWORM Bombyx mori (L.) UNDER BIOTIC STRESS." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 4, no. 10 (February 3, 2020): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v4.i10.2017.105.

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Phenol oxidase (PO) is one of the stress enzyme protein in living organism. The conversion of Pro-PO into an activation form of PO required a stress protein. In the present study has emerged with the novel finding of induced phenoloxidase was identified under bacterial endotoxin viz., Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activity using silkworm Bombyx mori as an animal model. The PO enzyme plays an important role for insect survival during pathophysiological conditions. The enzyme activity was analyzed from ten different silkworm races with two phenolic substrates viz., L-Dopa and Dopamine by Native-PAGE. The bacterially induced PO was found in hemolymph and midgut of silkworm, PO3 were induced by LPS injection. In control PO1 & PO2 are non-bacterially induced protein having the molecular weight of 72 and 71. The results shown that there is no substrate specificity and similar functional activity was found in hemolymph and midgut under pathogenic condition. It was observed that bacterially inducible PO clearly differed from non-inducible PO (control). At final observation of induced isozymes of PO in the haemolymph and midgut system of tolerant silkworm races points out the existence of biochemical immunity against biotic stress of LPS. This is the first report to document the silkworm immunity under the LPS toxin in different silkworm races to identify the tolerant and susceptibility against a biotic stress.

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Fometu, Sandra Senyo, Guohua Wu, Lin Ma, and Joan Shine Davids. "A review on the biological effects of nanomaterials on silkworm (Bombyx mori)." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 12 (February 12, 2021): 190–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.12.15.

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The production of high-quality silkworm silk is of importance in sericulture in addition to the production of biomass, silk proteins, and animal feed. The distinctive properties of nanomaterials have the potential to improve the development of various sectors including medicine, cosmetics, and agriculture. The application of nanotechnology in sericulture not only improves the survival rate of the silkworm, promotes the growth and development of silkworm, but also improves the quality of silk fiber. Despite the positive contributions of nanomaterials, there are a few concerns regarding the safety of their application to the environment, in humans, and in experimental models. Some studies have shown that some nanomaterials exhibit toxicity to tissues and organs of the silkworm, while other nanomaterials exhibit therapeutic properties. This review summarizes some reports on the biological effects of nanomaterials on silkworm and how the application of nanomaterials improves sericulture.

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Sawada, Hiroshi, Motoki Kanekatsu, Motoko Nakagoshi, Kenjiro Dohke, Teruhiko Iino, and Shin-Ichiro Takikawa. "Purification and Characterization of Sepiapterin Deaminase from the Silkworm, Bombyx mori." Pteridines 9, no. 1 (February 1998): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pteridines.1998.9.1.18.

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Summary Sepiapterin deaminase has been purified approximately 6,000-told from the larval integument of the lemon mutant of the silkworm by several column chromatographic procedures. Sepiapterin and isosepiapterin were active substrates among various pteridines tested. The molecular mass of this enzyme was estimated to be 74 kDa by SDS-PAGE and 70 kDa by gel filtration, suggesting that the native form of the enzyme is monomeric protein . All silkworm strains, to the best of our knowledge, had an activity of the enzyme and the enzyme was widely distributed in the larval tissues. Sepiapterin deaminase may have an important function on the silkworm.

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Bindroo, Bharat Bhusan, and Shunmugam Manthira Moorthy. "Genetic Divergence, Implication of Diversity, and Conservation of Silkworm, Bombyx mori." International Journal of Biodiversity 2014 (May 13, 2014): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/564850.

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Genetic diversity is critical to success in any crop breeding and it provides information about the quantum of genetic divergence and serves a platform for specific breeding objectives. It is one of the three forms of biodiversity recognized by the World Conservation Union (IUCN) as deserving conservation. Silkworm Bombyx mori, an economically important insect, reported to be domesticated over 5000 years ago by human to meet his requirements. Genetic diversity is a particular concern because greater genetic uniformity in silkworm can increase vulnerability to pests and diseases. Hence, maintenance of genetic diversity is a fundamental component in long-term management strategies for genetic improvement of silkworm which is cultivated by millions of people around the worlds for its lusture silk. In this paper genetic diversity studies carried out in silkworm using divergent methods (quantitative traits and biochemical and molecular markers) and present level of diversity and factors responsible for loss of diversity are discussed.

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LI, Wei. "Cytogenetics and Application in Domesticated Silkworm Bombyx mori." HEREDITAS 28, no. 09 (2006): 1167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/yc-006-1167.

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Nouara, Abdelli, Peng Lü, Liang Chen, Yan Pan, Yanhua Yang, and Keping Chen. "Silver effects on silkworm, Bombyx mori." Journal of Toxicological Sciences 43, no. 12 (2018): 697–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.2131/jts.43.697.

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Wang, Qian, Pengchao Guo, Zhan Wang, Huawei Liu, Yunshi Zhang, Shan Jiang, Wenzhe Han, Qingyou Xia, and Ping Zhao. "Antibacterial Mechanism of Gloverin2 from Silkworm, Bombyx mori." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 8 (August 3, 2018): 2275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19082275.

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Gloverin is one of the glycine-rich antimicrobial peptide exclusively found in Lepidoptera insects. It is generally activated through the innate immune system in insects. In this study, recombinant Gloverin2 from Bombyx mori (BmGlv2) was synthesized using a prokaryotic expression system. Circular dichroism spectroscopy showed that the recombinant BmGlv2 has random coil structure, which is relatively stable at the temperatures ranging from 15 to 82.5 °C. Antimicrobial activity analysis revealed that BmGlv2 significantly inhibited the growth of gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli JM109 and Pseudomonas putida, by disrupting cell integrity. Western blotting and immunofluorescence analyses suggested that BmGlv2 absorbed on the cell surface after incubation, which might be the first step in the antibacterial process. Our results also proved that the cell wall component lipopolysaccharides (LPS) induce a conformational change in BmGlv2 from a random coil to α-helix. Subsequently, α-helical BmGlv2 would recruit more BmGlv2 and form higher aggregation state. Collectively, these findings expand our understanding of antibacterial mechanism of BmGlv2.

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Kim, Seong-Ryul, Gwang-Ho Choi, Kee-young Kim, Tae-Won Goo, Iksoo Kim, and Seung-Won Park. "Expression analysis ofdecapentaplegicgene in the silkworm,Bombyx mori." Entomological Research 46, no. 6 (September 13, 2016): 370–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1748-5967.12183.

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42

Satoh, Dan, Akio Horii, Masanori Ochiai, and Masaaki Ashida. "Prophenoloxidase-activating Enzyme of the Silkworm,Bombyx mori." Journal of Biological Chemistry 274, no. 11 (March 12, 1999): 7441–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.274.11.7441.

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SHIMIZU, Isamu. "Voltinism and photoperiodism of the silkworm, Bombyx mori." Japanese journal of applied entomology and zoology 35, no. 1 (1991): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.35.83.

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NAGATA, Shinji, Yukie OMORI, and Hiromichi NAGASAWA. "Dietary Sterol Preference in the Silkworm,Bombyx mori." Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 70, no. 12 (December 23, 2006): 3094–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/bbb.60582.

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Daimon, Takaaki, Tomohiro Taguchi, Yan Meng, Susumu Katsuma, Kazuei Mita, and Toru Shimada. "β-Fructofuranosidase Genes of the Silkworm,Bombyx mori." Journal of Biological Chemistry 283, no. 22 (April 8, 2008): 15271–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m709350200.

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Asano, Tsunaki, and Masaaki Ashida. "Cuticular Pro-phenoloxidase of the Silkworm,Bombyx mori." Journal of Biological Chemistry 276, no. 14 (December 15, 2000): 11100–11112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m008426200.

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Chen, Kai, Shuqing Chen, Jun Xu, Ye Yu, Zulian Liu, Anjiang Tan, and Yongping Huang. "Maelstrom regulates spermatogenesis of the silkworm, Bombyx mori." Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 109 (June 2019): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ibmb.2019.03.012.

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Yamamoto, Kohji, Hiroshi Fujii, Yutaka Banno, Yoichi Aso, and Masatsune Ishiguro. "Polymorphism of Prophenoloxidase in the Silkworm, Bombyx mori." Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University 47, no. 2 (February 1, 2003): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5109/4501.

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Zhao, Hailong, Chunqin Zheng, and Hongjuan Cui. "Identification and Analysis of the SET-Domain Family in Silkworm,Bombyx mori." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/161287.

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As an important economic insect,Bombyx moriis also a useful model organism for lepidopteran insect. SET-domain-containing proteins belong to a group of enzymes named after a common domain that utilizes the cofactor S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) to achieve methylation of its substrates. Many SET-domain-containing proteins have been shown to display catalytic activity towards particular lysine residues on histones, but emerging evidence also indicates that various nonhistone proteins are specifically targeted by this clade of enzymes. To explore their diverse functions of SET-domain superfamily in insect, we identified, cloned, and analyzed the SET-domains proteins in silkworm,Bombyx mori. Firstly, 24 genes containing SET domain from silkworm genome were characterized and 17 of them belonged to six subfamilies of SUV39, SET1, SET2, SUV4-20, EZ, and SMYD. Secondly, SET domains of silkworm SET-domain family were intraspecifically and interspecifically conserved, especially for the catalytic core “NHSC” motif, substrate binding site, and catalytic site in the SET domain. Lastly, further analyses indicated that silkworm SET-domain gene BmSu(var)3-9 owned different characterization and expression profiles compared to other invertebrates. Overall, our results provide a new insight into the functional and evolutionary features of SET-domain family.

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Kumar, Dhiraj, Zhenli Sun, Guangli Cao, Renyu Xue, Xiaolong Hu, and Chengliang Gong. "Bombyx mori bidensovirus infection alters the intestinal microflora of fifth instar silkworm (Bombyx mori) larvae." Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 163 (May 2019): 48–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2019.03.004.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Bombyx mori silkworm'

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