Journal articles: 'Bombings Indonesia Bali'

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Maksum, Ali, and Try Sjahputra. "The Indonesia-Australia partnership to counter radicalism and terrorism in Indonesia." UNISCI Journal 20, no. 58 (January 15, 2022): 57–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31439/unisci-133.

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Indonesia and Australia have always been helpful partners since Indonesian Independence in 1945. However, the relationship was worsened after Bali Bombings in 2002 and 2005 as well as Australian embassy bombing in 2004 that killed many Australians. Thus, using Australian perspective, this article attempts to examine the response of Australian government in dealing with terrorism problems in Indonesia as well as the feedback from Indonesia. The research reveals that given the fact that Australia has many interests in Indonesia added with the geographical proximity, it is naturally urged to resolve the terrorism issues in Indonesia. The study found out that Australia proposed some programs to Indonesia due to its domestic interest and international factors. At the same time, Indonesia was also the main beneficiary of Australian counter terrorism policy.

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Pusponegoro, Aryono D. "Terrorism in Indonesia." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 18, no. 2 (June 2003): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00000832.

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AbstractIndonesia has had its share of natural and manmade disasters. From 1997 to 2002, Indonesia has experienced 90 incidents of terrorist bomb attacks. In 13 (14.4%) of the terrorist attacks, the bombs did not explode. A total of 224 persons have been killed, and 340 persons have been injured. Most of those killed or injured were the result of the bombings in Jakarta and Bali. Besides bombings, there have been riots, especially in Jakarta. The Indonesian Surgeons Association established the 1–1–8 Emergency Ambulance Service Foundation to develop the Prehospital Emergency Medical Services in Indonesia. Despite difficulties, this service has been implemented in 18 cities. The occurrence of disasters, riots, ethnic conflicts, terrorist attacks, and the introduction of the Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) course in 1995, have helped to convince the people and the government that it was important to develop this 1–1–8 Emergency Ambulance Services system, and agreed to accept a Safe Community Program. With the Safe Community Program, Jakarta with its Integrated 1–1–8 Emergency Ambulance Service managed to provide proper emergency medical care to the casualties caused by terrorist bombings, riots, and in the three weeks of floods during which 75% of Jakarta was submerged.

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Suryani, L. K., A. Page, C. B. J. Lesmana, M. Jennaway, I. D. G. Basudewa, and R. Taylor. "Suicide in paradise: aftermath of the Bali bombings." Psychological Medicine 39, no. 8 (December 18, 2008): 1317–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291708004893.

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BackgroundThe relationship between the Bali (Indonesia) bombings of October 2002 and suicide has not previously been investigated, despite anecdotal evidence of the economic and psychological consequences of these attacks.MethodSuicide rates were calculated over the period 1994–2006 in three Bali regencies to determine whether suicide increased in the period following the first Bali bombings. Poisson regression and time-series models were used to assess the change in suicide rates by sex, age and area in the periods before and after October 2002.ResultsSuicide rates (age-adjusted) increased in males from an average of 2.84 (per 100 000) in the period pre-2002 to 8.10 in the period post-2002, and for females from 1.51 to 3.68. The greatest increases in suicide in the post-2002 period were in the age groups 20–29 and ⩾60 years, for both males and females. Tourist arrivals fell significantly after the bombings, and addition of tourism to models reduced relative risk estimates of suicide, suggesting that some of the increase may be attributable to the socio-economic effects of declines in tourism.ConclusionsThere was an almost fourfold increase in male suicide risk and a threefold increase in female suicide risk in the period following the 2002 bombings in Bali. Trends in tourism did not account for most of the observed increases. Other factors such as indirect socio-economic effects and Balinese notions of collective guilt and anxieties relating to ritual neglect are important in understanding the rise in suicide in the post-2002 period.

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Murtadlo, Muhamad. "REPRODUKSI PAHAM KEAGAMAAN DAN RESPON TERHADAP TUDUHAN RADIKAL (Studi Kasus Pesantren Ngruki Pasca Bom Bali 2002)." Harmoni 16, no. 1 (June 30, 2017): 75–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.32488/harmoni.v16i1.62.

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Pesantren Al Mukmin Ngruki Sukoharjo is often cited as an inspiration for radical Islam in Indonesia. This research examines the reproduction of religious understanding and the response to allegations of radicalism addressed to Pesantren Ngruki after the Bali bombings of 2002. This study includes qualitative research with case study approach. This study argues that a radical view of Islam can not be separated from social and historical context of this Islamic boarding institutions. Currently Pesantren Ngruki has undergone some changes in the orientation of education resulting from multiple causes, which are not limited by the case of Bali bombings only.

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Lewis, Jeff, and Sonya de Masi. "Unholy Wars: Media Representations of the First Bali Bombings and Their Aftermath." Media International Australia 122, no. 1 (February 2007): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0712200111.

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Over the past three decades, the Indonesian tourist island of Bali has been appropriated into the Australian national imaginary. For Australians, Bali has become a neighbourhood playground and psycho-cultural land-bridge to Indonesia and the Asian region. With the emergence of a global ‘war on terror’, Bali has also become a primary battleground, dividing the symbolic claims of the Islamist militants against the Western economic and hedonistic empire. This divide becomes crystallised in the Australian news reporting of the Islamist attacks in Bali of 2002 and 2005. Our research has found a common frame of reference in the reporting of the attacks, most particularly as Australian journalists’ reference to a sense of national history, the ‘9/11 wars’ and Australia's adherence to US foreign policy and cultural hegemony. News reporting tended to subsume the details of ‘Islam’ and Islamic grievance within a more xenophobic rendering of Australian identity and an apocalyptic vision of good and evil.

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Rucktäschel, Kathrin, and Christoph Schuck. "An analysis of counterterrorism measures taken by Indonesia since the 2002 Bali bombings." Pacific Review 33, no. 6 (June 17, 2019): 1022–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09512748.2019.1627485.

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Muzayyin, Muzayyin. "THE CONCEPT OF MARTYRDOM IN THE VIEW OF JAMĀ’AH ISLĀMIYAH IN INDONESIA." Teosofia 9, no. 1 (April 28, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/tos.v9i1.5367.

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Religious radicalization is an irrefutable fact emerging mainly in the last decade. Several mass and suicide bombings (the nightclub Paddy's Pub in Bali, JW Marriot Hotel in Jakarta, Resort Police Mosque in Cirebon, Australian Embassy in Jakarta and several Churches in Indonesia) show this most clearly. The latest bombing in a mass building in Surabaya even had a thorough family as its actors. They and actors of other attacks claim that the bombing is of ways to put the doctrine of jihād fī sabīlillah into real life. It is therefore, the research employs a qualitative approach which aims to describe the concept of martyrdom as called amaliyat istisyhādiyah upon the perspective of Imam Samudera as one of Jamā’ah Islāmiyyah’s activist which is allegedly responsible for a number of terror attacks in South East Asia. In addition, this research conclude that Martyrdom has no relation to suicide. Its aims at establishing Kalimātullah and Islam, originating from the purest intention. While suicide is a hopeless deed performed by a person who kills himself for his own selfish reason

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Murtadlo, Muhamad. "REPRODUKSI PAHAM KEAGAMAAN DAN RESPON TERHADAP TUDUHAN RADIKALISME (Studi Kasus Pesantren Ngruki Pasca Bom Bali 2002)." Al-Qalam 23, no. 1 (August 22, 2017): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31969/alq.v23i1.385.

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Abstrak Pesantren Ngruki Sukoharjo sering disebut-sebut sebagai inspirasi Islam radikal di Indonesia. Penelitian ini ingin mengkaji reproduksi paham keagamaan dan respon atas tuduhan radikalisme yang dialamatkan pada pesantren Ngruki, pasca peristiwa Bom Bali 2002. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pandangan Islam radikal tidak bisa dilepaskan dari konteks sosial dan historis dari lembaga pesantren ini. Saat ini pesantren Ngruki telah mengalami beberapa perubahan dalam orientasi pendidikan yang dihasilkan dari beberapa sebab, yang tidak disebabkan semata-mata karena dampak bom Bali.Kata-kata Kunci: Pesantren Ngruki, Salafi, Radikalisme Abstract Pesantren Ngruki Sukoharjo often cited as an inspiration for radical Islam in Indonesia. This research wanted to examines the reproduction of religious understanding and the response to allegations of radicalism addressed at Pesantren Ngruki after the Bali bombings of 2002. This study includes qualitative research with case study approach. This study concludes that a radical view of Islam can not be separated from social and historical context which surrounding of this Islamic boarding institutions. Currently Pesantren Ngruki pesantren has undergone some changes in the orientation of education resulting from multiple causes, which are not limited caused by Bali bombings.Keywords: Pesantren Ngruki, Salafi, radicalism

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Rachmawati, Fairus Augustina. "Bring back Terrorist into the Society: How Indonesia Deradicalize the Terrorist." Semarang State University Undergraduate Law and Society Review 2, no. 1 (January 30, 2022): 57–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/lsr.v2i1.53480.

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Southeast Asia is home to one-third of the largest Muslim population in the world. About 87% of Indonesia's population is Muslim, making it the majority religion in Indonesia. In Indonesia Terrorism is a threat that everyone knows that the form of crime is very dangerous, not only in Indonesia but also in different countries. As an example of the Bali Bombing case in 2002 has become the most important lesson for Indonesia, not only concerning the investigation and investigation of terrorism cases, but also how the de-radicalization effort becomes an important part in fighting terrorism. Entering the reform era, radical ideology has more free space to threaten national security. The problem at this time is that the synergy between TNI-Polri-Sipil is still often troubled, whether it is directly related to operations or not. Preventing terrorism is more meaningful, compared to the ability to arrest terrorists who have carried out bombings that killed tens or hundreds of people. Then, anyone who needs to be involved in a de-radicalization program to prevent the loss of lives and wounds that are in vain.

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Zulfa, Wildana. "TRACKING THE ROOTS OF RADICALISM IN INDONESIA: INTERPRETATION OF THE VERSIONS OF JIHAD AND WAR IN THE QUR’AN." MUṢḤAF Jurnal Tafsir Berwawasan Keindonesiaan 2, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 94–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.33650/mushaf.v2i2.3776.

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Wars and fundamental actions in Indonesia, such as terrorism, seem to be a stigma attached to Islam. If you look at previous history, this stigma appeared for the first time when the WTC incident on September 11, 2011, in the United States, was followed by the bombings in Bali (2002), Madrid (2004), London (2005), and in Paris (2015). carried out by the radical Islamic movement, al-Qaida. This is where the world community is haunted by the discourse of Islamophobia and attaches various negative stigmas to Islam, such as radical Islam, fundamental Islam, extreme Islam, militant Islam, terrorist Islam, and so on. This research will focus on the problems above, with the formulation of the problem; How is the interpretation of the verse of jihad and war, and how is it related to the Qur’an?

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Wibisono, Ali Abdullah. "Kebijakan Respons Indonesia terhadap Problematika Teroris-Kombatan Transnasional Pasca Bom Bali 2002 [Indonesia’s Policy Response to Foreign Terrorist Fighter Problem In Post-2002 Bali Bombings]." Jurnal Politica Dinamika Masalah Politik Dalam Negeri dan Hubungan Internasional 11, no. 1 (July 24, 2020): 19–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22212/jp.v11i1.1543.

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Wahyuni, Fitri. "CAUSES OF RADICALISM BASED ON TERRORISM IN ASPECT OF CRIMINAL LAW POLICY IN INDONESIA." Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan 8, no. 2 (July 31, 2019): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.25216/jhp.8.2.2019.196-213.

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The phenomenon of radicalism based on terrorism in Indonesia shows a frightening symptom. This can be seen from a number of events that took place in several cities in Indonesia which took action in the name of acts of terror or terrorism such as the 2nd Bali Bombing which killed 22 people and 102 injured. The JW Marriot and Ritz Calton Hotel bombings in 2009 killed nine people and 50 people were injured and the Sarinah Plaza Bomb Jl. MH Thamrin Jakarta on January 14, 2016. With the many actions in the name of terrorism, it is necessary to take steps to anticipate similar actions not being repeated back. This study wants to examine and analyze further about efforts to counter terrorism-based radicalism in Indonesia through criminal law policy. The research method used is normative legal research, namely legal research conducted by examining library materials or secondary legal material while the problem approach is carried out using a legal approach and conceptual approach. The policy in counteracting terrorism in Indonesia is carried out through criminal law policies, namely criminal law policies through means of reasoning and non-reasoning. Penal means in the form of granting criminal sanctions for perpetrators of terrorism with the threat of imprisonment to the most severe threat in the form of capital punishment. But this effort has not provided a deterrent effect for the perpetrators. In criminal law, punishment is not an end in itself and is not the only way to achieve criminal objectives or objectives of the criminal justice system. Therefore another effort is needed which in criminal law is known as a non-reasoning effort.

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Ladjide, Suharto, Pujo Widodo, and Resmanto Widodo Putro. "Indonesian National Security Policy in Fighting Terrorism Among the Youth Generation." Asian Social Science 17, no. 10 (September 19, 2021): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v17n10p18.

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At the beginning of the 21st century, Indonesia was marked by terrorist attacks that caused victims, such as the Bali Bombings in 2002. The threat and violence of terrorism cannot be separated from the influence of international terrorist organizations that attack Indonesia through targeted attacks on vulnerable individuals or groups, more specifically the youth generation. The perpetrators of terrorism have taken advantage of the technological network of the online radicalization era. The Industrial Revolution 4.0 has inspired many patterns of human interaction from domestic interactions to global interactions. This study explains various ideas about implementing national security policies in countering terrorism among the youth generation with qualitative methods using literature analysis so that several tactical steps are found to counter terrorism through critical and open education, exemplary, eradicating injustice, transcendence, and international cooperation. An important finding in this study is the importance of the joint commitment of elements of society to implement Indonesia's national security policy through actions that have small dimensions in the school and household environment and large dimensions at the national level.

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Ismanto, Hadi. "Konstruksi Bina Damai terhadap Eks-Napiter (Studi Kasus pada Yayasan Lingkar Perdamayan Desa Tenggulun Kecamatan Solokuro Kabupaten Lamongan dalam Menangani Eks-Napiter)." Ummul Qura: Jurnal Institut Pesantren Sunan Drajat (INSUD) Lamongan 17, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.55352/uq.v17i1.563.

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Terrorism that occurred in Indonesia is one of the social phenomena that causes unrest in our society. Like the Bali bombings (2002). The perpetrators have been sentenced by the Court. One of them is Amrozi, he has a large following, A small number of followers and is currently establishing the Circle of Peace Foundation. This foundation focuses on embracing and empowering ex-terrorist convicts (ex-convicts). The author is interested in researching the Peace Development Construction carried out by the Lingkar Peace Foundation for ex-convicts. This paper reveals another side of dealing with terrorism by building peace between governments, terrorists and the general public. The research method used by the author is qualitative, namely by direct observation and interviews with the management of the Lingkar Peace Foundation, as well as several ex-convicts.

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Wicaksana, I. Gede Wahyu. "Militarising Counterterrorism in Southeast Asia." European Journal of East Asian Studies 18, no. 2 (December 12, 2019): 205–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700615-01802005.

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AbstractThe occupation of the city of Marawi in the southern Philippines and a series of terrorist attacks in Indonesia which followed it demonstrate that terrorism is a persistent and enduring threat to Southeast Asian security, despite the governments’ concerted efforts on countering terrorism since 9/11 and the Bali Bombings in 2002 and 2005. Security specialists and defence officials in the region believe that ASEAN has to intensify its cooperation to address the challenge of terrorism through the use of military forces. This article, however, claims that the militarised counterterrorism has no institutional, normative and practical basis within ASEAN’s main security structure, the APSC. This is followed by dual implications for the broader security agendas, affecting democratisation and sharpening mistrust among ASEAN states which challenges ASEAN centrality in regional security affairs.

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Abbas, Afifi Fauzi. "ASPEK ASPEK KEMANUSIAAN DALAM TERORISME BERDASARKAN KAJIAN FIKIH." Islam Realitas: Journal of Islamic & Social Studies 2, no. 1 (June 20, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30983/islam_realitas.v2i1.106.

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Human right is the basic right possesed by all human beings. This right does not need to be given, purchased or inherited. Human right is automatically part of human, and human right is also applied to all mankind whoever the person, and does not rely on race, ethnicity or religion and age considerations. Humanitarian issues faced by Muslims in Indonesia today is the treatment of the country against terrorism suspects in raids in several cases considered terrorism cases in Indonesia starting from the Bali bombings, Bom Sarinah and several other terrorism cases. Discuss aspects of the humanitarian aspect of terrorism is becoming a necessity, especially when viewed from the perspective of jurisprudence. In Islamic Fiqh, autopsy (forensic) can be done, and the results serve as evidence that the rules of evidence in Islam to be entered into evidence "witness", that is, those who heard his testimony, including expert testimony. In this case many verses of the Qur’an are ordered to give this testimony, especially for those who can provide it. HAM adalah hak dasar atau hak asasi yang dimiliki semua manusia. Hak ini tidak perlu diberikan, dibeli ataupun diwarisi. HAM adalah bagian dari manusia secara otomatis, dan HAM juga berlaku untuk seluruh umat manusia siapapun orangnya, dan tidak bergantung pada pertimbangan RAS, etnis maupun agama dan usia. Persoalan kemanusian yang dihadapi umat muslim di Indonesia saat ini adalah perlakuan negara terhadap tersangka terorisme dalam beberapa kasus penggerebekan dalam kasus yang dianggap terorisme di Indoensia mulai dari kasus Bom Bali, Bom Sarinah dan beberapa kasus terorisme lainnya. Membicarakan aspek aspek kemanusiaan dalam terorisme adalah menjadi sebuah keniscayaan, apalagi kalau dilihat dari perspektif fikih. Dalam pandangan Fikih Islam autopsi (forensik) dapat dilakukan, dan hasilnya berfungsi sebagai alat bukti, yang dalam hukum pembuktian dalam Islam bisa dimasukan ke dalam bukti “saksi”, yaitu orang yang didengar keterangannya, termasuk di dalamnya keterangan ahli. Dalam hal ini banyak ayat al-Quran yang memerintahkan untuk memberikan kesaksian ini terutama bagi mereka yang sanggup memberikannya

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Subkhan, Subkhan, and Widayati Widayati. "Politics of Law Handling of Criminal Acts of Terrorism (Case Study In The District of Kudus)." Jurnal Daulat Hukum 1, no. 4 (December 10, 2018): 887. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jdh.v1i4.3930.

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Terrorism is a criminal act tremendous concern today's world, especially in Indonesia. Terrorism that occurred in Indonesia lately has associated ideological, historical and political as well as a dynamic part of the strategic environment at regional and global level. Terrorism is in fact an act which violates humanitarian and human rights as well as the proof that terror is the action of a very cruel and did not take into account, disregard and ignore the human values referred to in the second principle of Pancasila which became ideology Indonesian Nation humanity fair and civilized.In general, the legal political handling of criminal acts of terrorism in Indonesia as a strategic step taken by Government Regulation No. 1 of 2002 Post-Event 1 Bali bombings to face a precarious state that fills a legal vacuum. That then pass the regulation established as Act No. 15 of 2003 on the Eradication of Terrorism does not diminish its value as a legal norm, but in the development of the substance of legislation are assessed tend to be repressive and still found the articles that have not been able to cover the dynamics of the spread of ideology radical who became the mother of terrorism, and prevent acts of terrorism itself.Regulation alone is not appropriate presumably in combating terrorism, therefore we need other measures comprehensively, integral, planned and sustainable in the form of legal policy in order to cover the lack of normative law, by improving awareness and knowledge about the nationality and religious teachings properly , so that people can always be responsive and alert to the movement of radical groups that developed in the surrounding area.Keywords: Politics of Law; Handling, Management of Terrorism Crime.

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Vicki Dwi Purnomo and Kelik Endro Suryono. "The Collapse of the New Orde Regime Resulted in Changes in Indonesia's Economic Policy." Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Formosa 1, no. 5 (December 30, 2022): 395–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.55927/jpmf.v1i5.2230.

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The reform era or the post-Suharto era in Indonesia began in 1998, to be precise when President Soeharto resigned on May 21 1998 and was replaced by the then vice president, BJ Habibie . This period was founded bya more open socio-political environment. Issues during this period included the push for democracy and a stronger civilian government, elements of the military trying to maintain influence, growing Islamism in politics and society in general, and demands for greater regional autonomy . The reform process resulted in a higher degree of freedom of speech , in contrast to the widespread censorship during the New Order . As a result, political debate has become more open in the mass media and artistic expression has increased. Events that have shaped Indonesia in this period include a series of terrorist incidents (including the 2002 Bali bombings ) and the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami . Using the knife of deconstruction of critical legal theory and socio-legal methodology with statutory, historical, conceptual and legal political economy approaches, three questions are raised, firstly the role of law in the market reform agenda which underlies the idea of limiting the role of the state in the economy; second, how is the role of the state in the economy being debated in the MPR and; third, what are the implications of the market reform agenda for the results of changes to the economic constitution.

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Tastama, Ridho Dwiki. "The Urgency of Completing Revision of Indonesia's Anti-Terrorism Law." Indonesian Journal of Counter Terrorism and National Security 1, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/ijctns.v1i1.56721.

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On 18 October 2002, Anti-Terrorism Law was signed into law by Megawati Soekarnoputri This kind of law has caused a significant legal controversy in because this law signed only six days after the unfamous Bali Bombings took place on 12 October 2002. The Law itself had first been drafted in 2002 more precisely in April on response to the then most recent terrorist incident which opened the eyes of global citizen from the danger of terrorism, the 9/11 incident in New York 2001. From 2002, The Anti-Terrorism LAW has been used to punish and investigate those who involved in the many incidents such as the bombing of the Marriot Hotel in 2003, the Australian Embassy incident in September 2004, and the round two of Bali bombing which take place in October 2005. Since 2005 the proposed revision of the Anti-Terrorism Law getting stronger. The proposed revision mainly talks about the addition of term of arrest and detention.

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Hariyanto, Bambang. "The Contribution of KH. Said Agil Siradj’s Leadership in Fighting Radicalism: A Language Communication Strategy." Islam Realitas: Journal of Islamic and Social Studies 6, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.30983/islam_realitas.v6i2.3766.

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This article aimed to describe Said Agil Siradj's (SAS’s) communication strategy at the anniversary of Fatayat NU in 2019. Radicalism and terrorism have become a real threat to world peace and human values. In Indonesia, it has been categorised as an extraordinary crime, particularly since the Bali bombings in 2002. The act of anticipation has been issued by forming anti-terrorism regulation to prevent and crackdown of its action. Nevertheless, this effort is not sufficient to eradicate terrorism action. Collaboration with religious institutions is needed to deal with the questions of the religious doctrines. Therefore, the participation of religious leaders from the Islamic organisations such as Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) is essential.. The study employs a descriptive qualitative approach of critical discourse analysis, focusing on the illocutionary acts of speech acts theory. The data of the research was transcribed from the video of SAS’s speech on YouTube channel. The result shows that the speaker used types of illocutionary acts; representatives, directives, commisives, expressives, and declarations. These expressions are used to command, persuade, and warn the listeners. Meanwhile, the Islamic terms were used as a discursive practice to maintain a good relationship between a leader and the followers. Tulisan ini menjelaskan tentang bagaiamana Said Agil Siradj (SAS) mempengaruhi pendengarnya pada acara ulang tahun Fatayat NU ke-73 tahun 2019. Radikalisme dan terorisme telah menjadi ancaman bagi perdamaian dan nilai-nilai kemanusian. Di Indonesia, tindak terorisme telah menjadi bentuk kejahatan yang luar biasa sejak kejadian bom Bali 2002. Bentuk antisipasi telah dilakukan yakni dengan menerbitkan undang-undang anti-terorisme untuk menangkal dan mengatasi aksi terorisme. Penegakan hukum dan kebijakan regulasi telah dikeluarkan dalam rangka menangkalnya. Namun demikian, tindakan ini belum cukup memadai dalam pemberantasan terorisme. Kolaborasi dengan Lembaga-lembaga keagamaan diperlukan guna menjawab terkait doktrin-doktirn keagamaan. Oleh karena itu partisipasi para pemimpin agama dan organisasi keislaman seperti NU adalah penting. Namun demikian pelibatan organisasi keagamaan dalam kontek ini telah memicu munculnya perdebatan terutama Ketika organisasi tersebut mendominasi peran dalam ranah public. Studi ini didesain berdasarkan deskripsi kualitatif pada pendekatan analisis wacana kritis yang berfokus pada tindak illokusi berdasarkan teori tindak tutur. Data penelitian ini diambil dari transkripsi Video SAS yang diambil dari YouTube. Selanjutnya data dianalisis menggunakan teori tindal ilokusi dan analsis wacana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembicara menggunakan tipe-tipe tindak tutur pada bentuk representasi, direktif, komisif, ekspresi dan deklarasi. Ekpresi-ekpresi tersebut digunakan untuk memerintah, membujuk dan melarang para pendengarnya.Adapun istilah-istilah keislaman digunakan sebagai praktik diskursif guna membangun hubungan social antara pemimpin dan pengikutnya.

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Hariyanto, Bambang. "The Contribution of KH. Said Agil Siradj’s Leadership in Fighting Radicalism: A Language Communication Strategy." Islam Realitas: Journal of Islamic and Social Studies 6, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.30983/islam_realitas.v6i2.3766.

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This article aimed to describe Said Agil Siradj's (SAS’s) communication strategy at the anniversary of Fatayat NU in 2019. Radicalism and terrorism have become a real threat to world peace and human values. In Indonesia, it has been categorised as an extraordinary crime, particularly since the Bali bombings in 2002. The act of anticipation has been issued by forming anti-terrorism regulation to prevent and crackdown of its action. Nevertheless, this effort is not sufficient to eradicate terrorism action. Collaboration with religious institutions is needed to deal with the questions of the religious doctrines. Therefore, the participation of religious leaders from the Islamic organisations such as Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) is essential.. The study employs a descriptive qualitative approach of critical discourse analysis, focusing on the illocutionary acts of speech acts theory. The data of the research was transcribed from the video of SAS’s speech on YouTube channel. The result shows that the speaker used types of illocutionary acts; representatives, directives, commisives, expressives, and declarations. These expressions are used to command, persuade, and warn the listeners. Meanwhile, the Islamic terms were used as a discursive practice to maintain a good relationship between a leader and the followers. Tulisan ini menjelaskan tentang bagaiamana Said Agil Siradj (SAS) mempengaruhi pendengarnya pada acara ulang tahun Fatayat NU ke-73 tahun 2019. Radikalisme dan terorisme telah menjadi ancaman bagi perdamaian dan nilai-nilai kemanusian. Di Indonesia, tindak terorisme telah menjadi bentuk kejahatan yang luar biasa sejak kejadian bom Bali 2002. Bentuk antisipasi telah dilakukan yakni dengan menerbitkan undang-undang anti-terorisme untuk menangkal dan mengatasi aksi terorisme. Penegakan hukum dan kebijakan regulasi telah dikeluarkan dalam rangka menangkalnya. Namun demikian, tindakan ini belum cukup memadai dalam pemberantasan terorisme. Kolaborasi dengan Lembaga-lembaga keagamaan diperlukan guna menjawab terkait doktrin-doktirn keagamaan. Oleh karena itu partisipasi para pemimpin agama dan organisasi keislaman seperti NU adalah penting. Namun demikian pelibatan organisasi keagamaan dalam kontek ini telah memicu munculnya perdebatan terutama Ketika organisasi tersebut mendominasi peran dalam ranah public. Studi ini didesain berdasarkan deskripsi kualitatif pada pendekatan analisis wacana kritis yang berfokus pada tindak illokusi berdasarkan teori tindak tutur. Data penelitian ini diambil dari transkripsi Video SAS yang diambil dari YouTube. Selanjutnya data dianalisis menggunakan teori tindal ilokusi dan analsis wacana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembicara menggunakan tipe-tipe tindak tutur pada bentuk representasi, direktif, komisif, ekspresi dan deklarasi. Ekpresi-ekpresi tersebut digunakan untuk memerintah, membujuk dan melarang para pendengarnya.Adapun istilah-istilah keislaman digunakan sebagai praktik diskursif guna membangun hubungan social antara pemimpin dan pengikutnya.

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Hasrul Wardana and Muhammad Ridwan Lubis. "LEGAL STUDY ON THE CRIMINAL ACT OF ROBBERY PLANNING AT CIMB COMMERCE BANK BY A GROUP CRIMINAL CRIME AROUND THE REGION MEDAN CITY (CASE STUDY OF DECISION NUMBER 706/PID.B/2011/PN.MDN)." Fox Justi : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 13, no. 1 (July 4, 2022): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.58471/justi.v13i1.274.

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Acts of terrorism for any reason are not justified, either in a positive legal framework or in a religious perspective. The acts of terror carried out in Indonesia after the Bali bombings in 2002 have claimed many lives, property, have taken away the right to life and disturbed the peace of the community. For the city of Medan, in addition to the bombing, terror acts were carried out in the form of bank robberies with the motive of radicalism. One of the interesting things to study is tracing the motives of radicalism in the terrorist acts of robbery at the CIMB Niaga Bank in Medan City. the concept of deradicalization to counter terror acts in the future. The focus of this research is the robbery case of Bank CIMB Niaga Medan with the object of research on court decisions against the defendants of the robbery of Bank CIMB Medan. This type of research includes empirical normative research with a case study approach and exploratory analysis. Data collection techniques were carried out through interviews, literature review and focused discussions. The data analysis technique was carried out qualitatively. Qualitative analysis in this study was conducted to find a description of the roots of radicalism in acts of terrorism in the robbery case of Bank CIMB Niaga Medan which had legal force (incracht). This research is planned to be conducted in 1 year with a case study approach and exploratory analysis. Data collection was carried out by studying literature by collecting the results of previous studies and court decisions against convicts of the robbery of Bank CIMB Niaga Medan, then data collection activities were also carried out by means of interviews with criminal law experts and terrorism experts. Based on a literature search and analysis of the Medan District Court's decision Number 706/Pid.B/2011/PN.Mdn dated August 2, 2011 which tried the perpetrators of the Medan City Branch of the CIMB Niaga Bank Robbery, information was obtained that there was no connection with the crime of terrorism. The Medan District Court has decided on 14 defendants, all of whom were legally and convincingly proven to have committed acts of terrorism. The defendant's mistakes under the provisions of the Terrorism Law are different from each other and the criminal events that have been proven to be proven also vary, because the defendants are not all perpetrators of the robbery of Bank CIMB Niaga Medan. Based on the judge's verdict from the Medan District Court's decision, it was concluded that there was no radical motive in the terrorism case of the Medan City Bank CIMB Niaga robbery.

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Andalas, Eggy Fajar, Purwati Anggraini, and Joko Widodo. "Memori terorisme: Memori traumatis dan strategi mengatasi trauma korban Bom Bali I dalam teks sastra Indonesia." Satwika : Kajian Ilmu Budaya dan Perubahan Sosial 6, no. 1 (April 28, 2022): 167–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/satwika.v6i1.20347.

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Pada 12 Oktober 2002, dunia diguncangkan oleh peristiwa serangan teroris yang terjadi di Legian Bali. Dalam peristiwa pengeboman ini 202 orang terbunuh dan 300 orang luka-luka. Peristiwa ini merupakan salah satu aksi terorisme terbesar di Indonesia, bahkan dunia. Meskipun banyak mendapat perhatian dari peneliti, tetapi bagaimana peristiwa kelam ini diingat dalam produk budaya masyarakat belum mendapatkan perhatian. Luka Bom Bali (2017) karya Ni Komang Erviani dan Anak Agung Lea merupakan karya memoar yang berkisah mengenai pengalaman hidup korban tragedi. Karya ini menjadi teks memori yang menggambarkan bagaimana peristiwa ini diingat dalam ingatan kolektif masyarakat Indonesia. Artikel ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan representasi pengalaman traumatis dan strategi mengatasi trauma korban tragedi Bom Bali 1 yang tergambarkan dalam memoar Luka Bom Bali. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan psiko-historis. Data dikumpulkan dengan teknik simak-catat dan dianalisis dengan teknik analisis isi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan berbagai dorongan memori pasca-peristiwa pengeboman yang berada dalam alam bawah muncul dalam bentuk simbolis. Simbol-simbol ini menghantui kehidupan korban bahkan setelah 15 tahun peristiwa berlalu. Utnuk mengatasi trauma mental para korban menggunakan strategi memperkuat nilai religiusitasnya dan mengingat keluarga atau orang terdekat. Melalui analisis tersebut, kami berpendapat bahwa Luka Bom Bali merupakan state of memory kepedihan dan perjuangan korban terorisme Bom Bali 1 yang terus berjuang melawan luka fisik dan mental. Bahkan, setelah 15 tahun peristiwa berlalu para korban merasa tidak hadirnya pemerintah di tengah-tengah perjuangan mereka melawan rasa sakit. Para korban mengajak pembaca, khususnya generasi pasca-memori, untuk mengingat peristiwa ini dan belajar untuk memperoleh inspirasi dan pelajaran dari peristiwa yang terjadi. Karya ini mengajak pembaca untuk merasakan kembali trauma yang selama ini tidak tersuarakan dari perspektif korban, khususnya bagi generasi pasca-memori. On October 12, 2002, the world was shaken by the terrorist attack in Legian Bali. In this bombing incident, 202 people were killed, and 300 people were injured. This incident is one of the biggest acts of terrorism in Indonesia, even the world. Although it has received much attention from researchers, how this dark event is remembered in the cultural products of the community has not received attention. Luka Bom Bali (Bali Bombing Woundss) (2017) by Ni Komang Erviani and Anak Agung Lea is a memoir that tells about the life experiences of victims of the tragedy. This work becomes a memory text that describes how this event is remembered in the collective memory of the Indonesian people. This article describes the representation of traumatic experiences and strategies for coping with the trauma of the victims of the Bali Bombing tragedy as depicted in the memoirs of the Bali Bombing Woundss. This study uses a psycho-historical approach. The data were collected using the note-taking technique and analyzed using the content analysis technique. The results showed that various post-bombing memory impulses that were in the unconscious appeared in a symbolic form. These symbols haunt the victim's life even after 15 years of the incident. To coping mental trauma, the victims use strategies to strengthen their religious values and remember their families. Through this analysis, we argue that the Luka Bom Bali (Bali Bombing Woundss) is a state of memory of the pain and struggle of the victims who continue to struggle with physical and mental injuries. Even after 15 years of the incident, the victims felt the absence of the government during their struggle against pain. The victims invite readers, especially the post-memory generation, to remember this event and draw inspiration and lessons from the events. This work invites the reader to re-experience the trauma that has been unspoken from the victim's perspective, especially for the post-memory generation.

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RAHIMIN AFFANDI ABDUL RAHIM, MUHD IMRAN ABD RAZAK, and AWANG AZMAN AWANG PAWI. "HUJAH PERBINCANGAN PERISTIWA BOM BALI DALAM SOROTAN: SATU ANALISIS DARI PERSPEKTIF ISLAM." MANU Jurnal Pusat Penataran Ilmu dan Bahasa (PPIB) 33, no. 2 (December 1, 2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.51200/manu.v33i2.4116.

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Peristiwa Bom Bali yang berlaku pada tahun 12 Oktober 2002 di Bandar Kuta, Pulau Bali, Indonesia merupakan peristiwa terpenting membabitkan tindakan keganasan di rantau Asia Tenggara. Kajian ini menganalisis peristiwa Bom Bali menggunakan kaedah analisis kandungan berdasarkan buku Aku Melawan Teroris karangan Imam Samudra (2004), perancang utama serangan Bom Bali. Hasilnya, kajian ini mendapati dua perkara utama. Pertama, naratif jihad yang dibawa oleh Jemaah Islamiyyah berjaya mempengaruhi segolongan penganut Islam di Indonesia. Kedua, wujud perbezaan jelas berkaitan konsep jihad Jemaah Islamiyyah dengan ajaran Islam sebenar, khususnya tentang konflik di antara Islam dan bukan Islam, ayat seruan berjihad dan isu berkaitan dengan tindakan ‘Bom Bunuh Diri’. The Bali Bombing incident, which occurred on October 12, 2002, at Kuta City in Bali Island, was one of the most prominent terrorist incidents that had happened in the Southeast Asian Region. This research analysed the Bali Bombing incident through a content analysis of the mastermind of Bali Bom incident, Imam Samudra’s book entitled Aku Melawan Teroris (2004). This research has discovered two findings. First, Jemaah Islamiyyah’s jihad narrative has been influential amongst Muslims in Indonesia. Second, there has been contrasting opinions between the narrative set forth by Jemaah Islamiyyah and the true Islamic teachings, particularly in the conflict between Muslims and non-Muslims, verses calling for jihad, and issues related to suicide bombing.

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Sunesti, Yuyun. "The 2002 Bali Bombing and the New Public Sphere: The Portrayal of Terrorism in Indonesian Online Discussion Forums." Al-Jami'ah: Journal of Islamic Studies 52, no. 1 (April 8, 2015): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2014.521.231-255.

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This article examines heroic conceptions of terrorists, support, and sympathy for terrorism in Indonesia by undertaking a content analysis of four Indonesian online discussion forums in the aftermath of the 2002 Bali bombing. It is argued that online discussion forums are a particularly appropriate source of data from which to analyse Indonesians’ perceptions of the bombers, as these forums are widely thought to be representative of a new public sphere that allows for political debate and participation. From discussions between July 2008 and January 2009, the article outlines how the bombers were constructed as heroes and anti-heroes by different members of different forums. Drawing on a cultural sociological perspective, the article highlights the importance of understanding the reputation of individual terrorists, and the influence of established heroic types in understanding contemporary conflict in Indonesian society.[Artikel ini membahas konsepsi kepahlawanan teroris, dukungan, dan simpati terhadap terorisme di Indonesia dengan melakukan analisis isi terhadap forum diskusi online terkait dengan peristiwa Bom Bali tahun 2002. Diasumsikan bahwa forum diskusi online merupakan sumber yang memadai untuk melihat persepsi masyarakat Indonesia mengenai pelaku pengeboman, karena forum seperti ini cukup dipercaya sebagai perwakilan ruang publik baru memungkinkan terjadinya keterlibatan dan debat yang bersifat politik. Dari diskusi yang terjadi antara Juli 2008 sampai Januari 2009, tergambar dalam artikel ini bahwa para pelaku pengeboman dikonstruksikan sebagai seorang pahlawan sekaligus sebagai musuh dalam forum yang berbeda. Dengan perspektif sosial-budaya, tulisan ini menggaris-bawahi pentingnya pemahaman terhadap reputasi masing-masing teroris dan pengaruh tipologi kepahlawanan dalam memahami konflik di tengah masyarakat Indonesia saat ini.]

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Ambrosio De Nelson, Sonia. "Southeast Asian Press Coverage of Terrorism and the Bali Bombing." Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies 20 (April 10, 2004): 47–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/cjas.v20i0.32.

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The war against terrorism is being carried out not only in Afghanistan where it was first declared but also in the media around the world. Southeast Asia became a focus of international attention after the U.S. administration identified the region as the second front in the fight against terrorism following the attacks in the United States on 11 September 2001. The perception that the region is a cradle for terrorism was reinforced by the Bali bombing in October 2002. The event was the first major terrorist attack after 11 September, and the worst act of violence against foreigners in Indonesia, a country that has been under continuous international pressure to be decisive in the fight against terrorism. Although the media can function as the source of people's information, it can provide interpretations of the social construction of ideas and images. Like the media in all parts of the world, the media in Southeast Asia function within some form of governmental, societal, and economic constraints. Journalists are encouraged to support their governments' efforts to develop the nation and instil a sense of national identity. In such a setting journalists, consciously or not, end up not only reflecting but also spreading the dominant view of the society's elite. This transnational comparative study involving three mainstream English-language newspapers from Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore examines the reportage of the Bali bombing.

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Prakasa, Satria Unggul Wicaksana. "Involvement of the Indonesian National Military (TNI) in Legislation about Anti-Terrorism:." Journal of Southeast Asian Human Rights 5, no. 1 (June 14, 2021): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jseahr.v5i1.18469.

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Changes in the international humanitarian legal system in a global context have shifted, as the first war identified with an inter-state ceasefire. Today, the war party is not only a state but also the aftermath of the 9/11 tragedy marked by non-state war actors, a terrorist attack. In Indonesia, the issue of terrorism becomes a serious concern after the first Bali Bombing, the second Bali Bombing, and other terrorist tragedies. Lately, the discourse of TNI involvement in the eradication of terrorism in Indonesia through the formation of the Anti-Terrorism Act. According to the issue, the research problems are (1) TNI's authority elements to combat terrorism in the Indonesian legal system; (2) the International humanitarian law system regulates the involvement of the military on combating terrorism. The results of the study are (1) after the fall of New Order regime in 1998, the dual function of ABRI (Indonesian Armed Forces during Suharto's era) had dissolved, and this implied the limited authority of TNI to maintain the unitary state of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI) sovereignty at the border. The authority of the TNI on combating terrorism, following Act No.34, 2004 section 7 articles (3) about TNI, mentions that the fight against terrorism deals with criminal methods. Except for war aggression, related to terrorism that threatens the State sovereignty and not against terrorism that occurs in the community on the Anti-Terrorism Act. If TNI wants to be involved in combating terrorism, it must be following the 1945 constitution, of which terrorism is part of non-international armed conflict, in which the power of command is in the hands of the President.

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Febiana, Carissa Cindy, and Noorlailie Soewarno. "REAKSI HARGA SAHAM DI PASAR MODAL INDONESIA TERHADAP PERISTIWA TEROR BOM PERIODE 2002-2017." JURNAL AKUNTANSI UNIVERSITAS JEMBER 15, no. 2 (August 3, 2018): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jauj.v15i2.6882.

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This research aims to determine the reaction of stock prices in Indonesia stock ecxchange when event of terror bombs. This research use event study where observation to window period of abnormal return during 5 days before, event date, and 5 days after the event. The data was collected from the Indonesia stock exchange by using daily closing price of stock price and JCI (Jakarta Composite Index). The population are event of terror boms period 2002-2017. The sampling technique in this research used purposive sampling with the criterias are the largest number of victims and the availability of data.The statistic instrument test has been done by using paired sample t-test and SPSS 24rd program. The results show that there is the effect of bomb terrorism on stock price reaction in Indonesia stock exchange indicated by the differences of abnormal return. The influential incident that occurred during the bombing of Indonesia's history in Bomb Bali I at 2002, with the passage of time and the number of bombing events, investors have been sensitive to the occurrence of bomb explosion events against stock prices in the Indonesian capital market.

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Rosada, Bintang. "Islamophobia Dan Dampaknya Bagi Kehidupan Beragama Di Indonesia." Sophist : Jurnal Sosial Politik Kajian Islam dan Tafsir 4, no. 1 (July 14, 2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.20414/sophist.v4i1.53.

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Abstract The collapse of the US superpower WTC and the Pentagon In 2011 which was done by Osama Bin Laden and his Al Qaeda network, made the negative impact into Islam and Muslims, created image that far from the real essence of Islam. A series of suicide bombings in the name of Jihad, has brought the negative essence of Islam far from its nature; peace. In the end, Islamophobia emerged as a fear of Islam and of all matter that related to it. This study try to to reveal the emergence of Islamophobia in Indonesia and its impact on the harmony between religions in Indonesia. This research is a qualitative research, with the library research methods. The data were taken from journals, e-books, bulletins, dissertations, theses, and other literatures. The purpose of this study is to explain the emerge of islamophobia and its impact. The result of this study is that the emergence of Islamophobia begins with a person's fear of the repetition of the glory of Islam as in its previous golden age. The danger of Islamophobia is always accompanied by suspicious, false perception and in long term can abolish the harmony between religions in Indonesia

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Asep Sopian and Mad Ali. "UPAYA MENCEGAH PAHAM RADIKAL DAN INTOLERANSI MELALUI WORKSHOP PENERJEMAHAN NASH KEAGAMAAN BAGI PARA DA’I DI KABUPATEN SUBANG." As-Sidanah : Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 1, no. 2 (October 18, 2019): 319–06. http://dx.doi.org/10.35316/assidanah.v1i2.592.

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There are still plenty of radicalism and intolerance in Indonesia, like suicide bombing, Bali bombing, police station attacks and so on. The Managing Director of Wahid Institutes, Yenny Wahid (2017) said that the survey's results show that there is an increase in radical understanding in Indonesia, numbering 600,000 or 0.4 percent of Indonesia's population. A misinterpretation of religious texts and particularly those concerning the theme of jihad is a contributing factor. The method of service is conducted through workshops and seminars. After the priests took part, they gained new positive insights into the spread of Pesantren deradicalization and tolerance.

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Budi Hapsari, Twediana. "INDONESIAN MUSLIM WEBSITES PICTURING AUSTRALIA." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 7, no. 4 (October 6, 2019): 991–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.74135.

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Purpose: The relations between the neighbors Indonesia and have become interesting over the last several decades. Methodology: We have shown the important role of blended learning in the maintenance and development of the subject-subject model of interaction between students and teachers. The implementation of subject-subject interaction was considered on the example of the discipline "General and professional pedagogy", the electronic course of which is presented on the Moodle platform. Result: As the largest religious group in Indonesia, Indonesian Muslims play significant roles in shaping public opinion within society. Since the Bali Bombing 2002, there has been intense attention devoted to Australia and Indonesian Muslim issues. This paper explains how five different Indonesian Muslim websites (Arrahmah.com; hti.com; dakwatuna.com; nu.or.id & republika.co.id) portrayed Australia from 2011 to 2013. Applications: This research can be used for the universities, teachers and education students. Novelty/Originality: The ‘up and down’ tension between the ‘up and down’ tension between these countries, is influenced not only by their governments but also their citizen’s perceptions, about the other country.

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Pambudi, Djauhari, Nathalie McCaughey, and Russell Smyth. "Computable general equilibrium estimates of the impact of the Bali bombing on the Indonesian economy." Tourism Management 30, no. 2 (April 2009): 232–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2008.06.007.

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Al-Fatih, Sholahuddin, and Zaka Firma Aditya. "THE LEGAL PROTECTION AGAINST TERRORISMSUSPECTS IN INDONESIA(CASE STUDY OF THE ARREST PROCESS OFTERRORISM SUSPECTS BY DENSUS 88)." Legality : Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum 27, no. 1 (July 22, 2019): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jihl.v27i1.8954.

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Terrorism is a form of extraordinary crime that not only leads to lives and material losses, but also creates a continuing fear in society. Backed by the many cases of terrorism with suicide bombing mode, especially in the case of Bali Bombing 1 and 2, then born special datachment 88 (Densus 88) which has the obligation to combat terrorism. Unfortunately, in cracking down on the perpetrators of terror, even those still suspected as terrorist suspects, Densus 88 often uses violence and even shoots off on the spot. The late Siyono was one of the victims of repressive measures carried out by Densus 88. In other cases, Densus 88 is also often proven to mis-arrest after the suspect has lost his life. This condition is certainly contrary to the spirit of democracy and efforts to guarantee human rights protection in Indonesia. This paper discusses: (1) the Standard Operational Procedure of terrorist suspected arrest process by Densus 88 and its comparison with anti terrorism agency in other country; and (2) Guarantees and legal protection in the fulfillment of the rights of suspected terrorists.

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Suta, I. Made Gemet Dananjaya, I. Gusti Agung Mas Prabandari, and Ida Ayu Agung Saraswati. "Enforcement of the Non-Retroactive Principle in the Bali Bombing Case I in the Constitutional Court of Indonesia Decision Number 013 / PUU-I / 2003." KERTHA WICAKSANA 15, no. 2 (July 21, 2021): 108–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/kw.15.2.2021.108-115.

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Penerapan asas retroaktif pada kasus bom Bali I berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2003 dimaksudkan untuk memberikan rasa keadilan kepada masyarakat, namun uji materil atas penerapan norma retroaktif tersebut dinilai inkonstitusional oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi melalui keputusan nomor 013/PUU-I/2003. Pro dan kontra dari putusan tersebut terjadi di masyarakat, antara menegakkan kepastian hukum atau memenuhi rasa keadilan bagi para korban. Tulisan ini berupaya mengkaji putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi No. 013/UU-I/2003 dengan memaparkan pertimbangan hukum MK dalam memutus perkara tersebut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Tulisan ini menyimpulkan bahwa asas nonretroaktif merupakan asas yang mutlak harus ditegakkan karena merupakan salah satu asas yang menjamin perlindungan hak asasi manusia yang tidak dapat dikurangi dalam keadaan apapun.

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Dewantara, Agustinus Wisnu. "RADIKALISME AGAMA DALAM KONTEKS INDONESIA YANG AGAMIS DAN BERPANCASILA." JPAK: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Katolik 19, no. 1 (April 17, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.34150/jpak.v19i1.222.

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The reality of religious radicalism in Indonesia is increasingly troubling every day, especially after reform. Religious radicalism is displayed in heartbreaking (inhuman) acts of dishonesty, such as the Bali Bombing, Poso tragedy, Ambon, Sambas, Tolikara, etc. All that is evil, such as the act of killing, terrorizing, burning, destroying fellow humans is strangely framed in the name of religion. This paper wants to limit itself to discussing religious radicalism in Indonesia from a philosophical and theological point of view. The method used is the verstehen method by listening to the reality of radicalism and looking at it in the eyes of philosophy. This becomes important for the growth of a good attitude in objectively viewing religions and living them properly in the context of a multicultural and Pancasila Indonesia. Religious theology, education and lectures should be education of peace, humanist aspects of growth, human culture bloomers, and not education about mastering religious materials that are very formal. Religious education must be in harmony with the values of the nation's called Pancasila.

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Valentino, Rudy Rudolf. "PERAN NEGARA DALAM PERUMUSAN KEBIJAKAN PENGENDALIAN TERORISME DI INDONESIA (Study Analisa Kriminologis)." SISI LAIN REALITA 1, no. 1 (June 15, 2016): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/sisilainrealita.2016.vol1(1).1402.

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The tragedy of Bali Bombing in Legian-Kuta in October 12, 2002 brought the issue of terrorism to the forefront of Indonesia’s security thinking. In Indonesia’s counter terrorism policy, terrorism is defined as criminal act. This has been a long debate due to the ambiguities in the definition of terror and has produced multi-interpretation. People anxious this definition of terror interpreted freely by stakeholders. As a result,the ideal purpose of a policy could not be achieved, on the contrary it will produce a new problem that harms democracy. This research concludes that the state has played an important role to formulate Indonesia’s counter terrorism strategy in Law Enforcement model in order to protect human rights in the democracy framework. However, this Law Enforcement model should be supported by the preventive measures which will be regulated under social policy to keep the coercive power and the persuasive power balance.

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Mua'dib, Ihwanul. "Pendidikan Berwawasan Multikultural: Dakwah Kontra Radikalisme Dari Pesantren." Dakwah: Jurnal Kajian Dakwah dan Kemasyarakatan 23, no. 1 (December 3, 2019): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/dakwah.v23i1.13920.

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AbstractRecently, the Indonesian people have often been shocked by events that reflect radical attitudes and understandings. In October 2019, we witnessed that a state official was stabbed by an unknown person in the Menes square Purwaraja Pandeglang, Banten. In the following month, there was a suicide bombing at the Medan Police, North Sumatra. Both tragedies prove that radicalism which can lead to terrorism is a serious threat to the survival of the Indonesian nation in the future. This research focuses on the implementation of education in the al-Ashriyyah (Modern) Nurul Iman Parung Bogor Islamic boarding school. A pesantren in the Bogor area that is committed to grounding the teachings of Islam that is rahmatan lil'alamin, rejects acts of violence that characterize radicalism and terrorism, and commits counter-radicalism.AbstrakAkhir-akhir ini, bangsa Indonesia sering dikejutkan oleh peristiwa yang mencerminkan sikap dan paham radikal. Pada bulan oktober 2019 yang lalu, kita menyaksikan bahwa seorang pejabat negara ditusuk oleh orang yang tidak dikenal di alun-alun Menes Purwaraja Pandeglang Banten. Pada bulan berikutnya, terjadi bom bunuh diri di Polrestabes Medan Sumatera Utara. Keduanya membuktikan bahwa radikalisme yang dapat berujung terorisme menjadi ancaman serius bagi keberlangsungan bangsa Indonesia di masa akan datang. Penelitian ini berfokus pada pelaksanaan pendidikan yang berada di pondok pesantren al-Ashriyyah Nurul Iman Parung Bogor. Sebuah pesantren di daerah Bogor yang berkomitmen untuk membumikan ajaran Islam yang rahmatan lil’alamin, menolak aksi-aksi kekerasan yang menjadi ciri radikalisme dan terorisme, serta melakukan kontra radikalisme.

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Sebastian, Leonard C. "Indonesian state responses to September 11, the Bali bombings and the war in Iraq: Sowing the seeds for an accommodationist Islamic framework?" Cambridge Review of International Affairs 16, no. 3 (October 2003): 429–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0955757032000132353.

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Shalihin, Nurus. "Understanding The Radicalism Movement In Indonesia: A Conflict Approach to the Rise of Terrorism." AJIS: Academic Journal of Islamic Studies 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2017): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.29240/ajis.v2i1.166.

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There is an ideology in every movement. Of course, that ideology that constructs the pattern of organizational movement. This phenomenon is an assumption in this paper, and will be broadly elaborated . In particularly; This study will describe the genealogy, reason, and patterns of salafism movement in Indonesia. The reason why this study seeks to understand the theme because the movement of salafism in Indonesia has emerged dramatically. It can be understood from the acts of terrorism that occurred. There are at least 4 acts of terrorism in 2000; 3 acts of terrorism in 2001; And 1 acts of terrorism in the 2000 Bali bombing which Is the most dramatic act of terrorism and the bombing action at J.W. Marriot hotel in 2003. These acts of terrorism are facts which suggest that the movement of salafism flourished in Indonesia. The data also encourages the study of why terrorism appears in Indonesia? What are the reasons? What is the root of the movement of salafism in Indonesia? The questions above are the research questions. And it all comes from the research paradigm chosen in this study, which is the paradigm of conflict. Assuming that acts of terrorism can be understood as a conflict process. It is not a single process that is the complete reason why terrorism arises, especially in Indonesia. The perspective of Marxism is considered quite possible to explain the factors causing terrorist acts, and the growing of the network in Indonesia. Actually, by using the paradigm of conflict; Violence, and horror acts perpetrated by terrorist networks can be detected why such malicious acts occurred in Indonesia. To analyze the data, this study uses the interpretative. And it's a concern to analyze the conflict between salafism, and others. This process allows the conclusion that the causal factor is the difference in doctrine between terrorism and the others-state, and the notion of neo-liberalism.

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Saloom, Gazi. "IDENTIFIKASI KOLEKTIF DAN IDEOLOGISASI JIHAD:." Dialog 38, no. 1 (June 30, 2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.47655/dialog.v38i1.29.

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This article articulates that the terrorists in Indonesia are basically a group of normal people who have sound minds and a long-term goal to establish an Islamic government system based on the teachings of the Quran and Hadith. This study employed qualitative approach by acquiring the data through interviews, document analysis and media information covering terrorists and terrorism. A former terrorist involved in Bali bombing I served as the research informant. Data from in-depth interviews and document analysis were analyzed by utilizing social identity and social cognition theory about ideology of jihad. The article concludes that the changing process from the ordinary people into the terrorist strongly relates to jihad ideology and search for identity.

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Lumbangaol, Dorpaima. "Journey of Indonesia Foreign Policy and Recommendations in Responding Global Terrorism and Radicalism." Journal of Government and Political Issues 1, no. 2 (November 19, 2021): 108–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.53341/jgpi.v1i2.18.

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Terrorism is a significant issue in national and global security. Since the 9/11 terrorist attacks in New York, USA, the fight against terrorism has continued to this day. Resistance to terrorists has also changed the stereotype of Muslims, which affects Indonesia's reputation as the largest Muslim country in the world. The Bali I bombing attacks in 2002 by Jamaah Ansharut Daulah (JAD) terrorism group reconstructed its identity as Islam Moderate and Indonesia's foreign policy. The method used is the literature study method. Literature study is all efforts made by researchers to collect various information relevant to the topic or problem that will be studied. Through the identity, Indonesia can convince the western countries that Indonesia is worth reflecting true Islam and space to involve in the international political stage. As a pioneer of the Non-Aligned Movement and track record in the region, Indonesia trusted to be a role model for the Islamic world, especially the Middle East, that Islam and democracy are compatible. Through this, Indonesia seed as a strategic country to build international cooperation against radicalism and terrorism, which still becomes a global challenge presently.

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Ningsih, Lale Fatma Yulia. "DISCOURSE ANALYSIS ON TERRORISM-RELATED ARTICLES IN INDONESIAN ENGLISH-LANGUAGE NEWSPAPER EDITORIALS." Humanitatis : Journal of Language and Literature 6, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 215–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.30812/humanitatis.v6i2.765.

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This paper examines the discursive construction of terrorism-related information conveyed on the Indonesian newspapers. The Jakarta Post, one of the most notable Indonesian English-language newspapers, have been covering terrorism related encounters in its editorial especially after the 2002 Bali bombing. This paper finds out the use of common definitions and terms as well as the discrepancies in the produced expression related to terrorism and extremism in the editorials the newspaper has published since 2014. It is found that the newspaper has symphatetically portrayed and supported the victims while it represented the perpetrators from their ideological perspectives and separating their ideologies from religious teaching practices in the country. Additionally, the newspaper identifies terrorism as threat to Indonesian democratic values and classifies terrorism as a serious issue endangering the country’s security and social stability. To the latter end, the newspaper suggested policy recommendation while at the same time criticizing the law enforcement for failures and in the end promoting secular values for the country in order to eradicate terrorism.

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Gitaningrum, Indah, and Mohammad Iqbal Ahnaf. "The Reintegration of Former Jihadist Detainees in Solo Region: Changing A Way of Life in A New Life." Analisa: Journal of Social Science and Religion 6, no. 02 (December 31, 2021): 217–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18784/analisa.v6i02.1421.

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In the process of deradicalization, the reintegration of former jihadist detainee places as the most dilemmatic agenda to conduct. It raises a problematic situation between the issue of security and restoring the former jihadist detainees’s human rights. But, the struggle in the reintegration process not only occurs to the state and host community but also to the former jihadist detainees itself. This paper focuses on the story of former jihadist detainees in Solo region who have different experiences in their reintegration process and their strategies to encounter the problem as an effort to erase the radical thinking and start a new life. Solo Region was chosen because it receives a 'stigmatization' as a cultivation region for religious radicalism because of its record on radical Muslim's web and figure such as Abubakar Baasyir (the founder of Islamic radical group namely Jemaah Islamiyah). It also becomes a growing place for Islamic radicalism groups such as Jamaah Ansharut Daulah (JAD) and Jamaah Islamiyah which contributed toward Makassar’s Cathedral bombing, Bali bombing I and II and Laskar Jihad and Majelis Mujahidin Indonesia which tried to enforce Islamic value in Indonesia. The data of this research was gained by conducting an in-depth interview with four former jihadist detainees in Solo region who are willing to be interviewed under the pseudonym. Also, exposure some references as the secondary data. This article found that a sustainable, gradual, and comprehensive reintegration process in social, ideological, political, and economic aspects could support the effort of former jihadist detainees in the Solo region to establish a new life.

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Sesetyo, Heru. "Terrorism as Socially Constructed Crime in Indonesia." PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law) 06, no. 02 (August 2019): 276–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v6n2.a4.

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In the aftermath of Bali Bombing 2002, which is considered the biggest terrorist attack in Indonesia, the Indonesian government launched the so-called ‘war against terrorism’. Subsequently, the government established and applied laws on terrorism and formed a special counter-terrorism police squad: The Detachment 88. A state body that coordinates counter-terrorism measures is quickly established, the National Anti-Terrorism Agency (BNPT –Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Terorisme). Therefore, terrorism in Indonesia has been considered a ‘big and serious business’ since 2002. It also raises a serious question in defining and judging terror crime. Indeed, Indonesia has the law of terrorism since 2002, yet the definition is not very clear. Even in international forum, there is no single and approved definition of terrorism. For instance, an armed group who attacked civilians in Central Sulawesi was named terrorists by the state. On the other hand, a group of militias who attacked and held hostages in Timika, Papua was labelled as an armed criminal group. In Jakarta, there were some bomb threats during 2015 and 2017. Nevertheless, the law enforcement agencies have never named them as ‘terrorists’, although their actions deserve to be called as ‘lone-wolf terrorism’. This paper aims to identify the social construction of terrorism. Terrorism is a term that is used regularly by news media and politicians. Whether its application is impartial or biased is fundamental to a debate. In a society where, international terrorism monopolizes news media and political discussion, there is no greater need than to analyze the boundaries of the term ‘terrorism’ construction within social processes. One of the serious problems involving terrorism in Indonesia is to define an offense as terrorism. The laws of terrorism are existed. The judgment and conviction to terrorism suspects also have been made in various jurisdictions. Yet, the types of offenses constituted as terrorism are still unclear. Ordinary people, media, opinion makers, and law enforcement officers have socially constructed terrorism and have their own perceptions of terrorism. This condition leads to law uncertainty and, to some extent, it leads to victimization and stigmatization of innocent people because their appearances and social environments have been associated to terrorism. This study employed two approaches: Social construction and guilt by association theories.

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Sesetyo, Heru. "Terrorism as Socially Constructed Crime in Indonesia." PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law) 06, no. 02 (August 2019): 276–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v6n2.a4.

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In the aftermath of Bali Bombing 2002, which is considered the biggest terrorist attack in Indonesia, the Indonesian government launched the so-called ‘war against terrorism’. Subsequently, the government established and applied laws on terrorism and formed a special counter-terrorism police squad: The Detachment 88. A state body that coordinates counter-terrorism measures is quickly established, the National Anti-Terrorism Agency (BNPT –Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Terorisme). Therefore, terrorism in Indonesia has been considered a ‘big and serious business’ since 2002. It also raises a serious question in defining and judging terror crime. Indeed, Indonesia has the law of terrorism since 2002, yet the definition is not very clear. Even in international forum, there is no single and approved definition of terrorism. For instance, an armed group who attacked civilians in Central Sulawesi was named terrorists by the state. On the other hand, a group of militias who attacked and held hostages in Timika, Papua was labelled as an armed criminal group. In Jakarta, there were some bomb threats during 2015 and 2017. Nevertheless, the law enforcement agencies have never named them as ‘terrorists’, although their actions deserve to be called as ‘lone-wolf terrorism’. This paper aims to identify the social construction of terrorism. Terrorism is a term that is used regularly by news media and politicians. Whether its application is impartial or biased is fundamental to a debate. In a society where, international terrorism monopolizes news media and political discussion, there is no greater need than to analyze the boundaries of the term ‘terrorism’ construction within social processes. One of the serious problems involving terrorism in Indonesia is to define an offense as terrorism. The laws of terrorism are existed. The judgment and conviction to terrorism suspects also have been made in various jurisdictions. Yet, the types of offenses constituted as terrorism are still unclear. Ordinary people, media, opinion makers, and law enforcement officers have socially constructed terrorism and have their own perceptions of terrorism. This condition leads to law uncertainty and, to some extent, it leads to victimization and stigmatization of innocent people because their appearances and social environments have been associated to terrorism. This study employed two approaches: Social construction and guilt by association theories.

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Ja'far, Ja'far. "RESPONS AL JAM’IYATUL WASHLIYAH TERHADAP TERORISME." AKADEMIKA: Jurnal Pemikiran Islam 22, no. 1 (June 22, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.32332/akademika.v22i1.561.

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Al Washliyah merupakan satu di antara banyak organisasi Islam yang menolak paham dan gerakan terorisme di Indonesia. Artikel ini mengkaji respons Al Washliyah terhadap terorisme. Kajian ini menarik dilakukan, sebab organisasi ini memiliki pengikut yang fanatik dan mengelola amal usaha yang banyak, tetapi masih relatif jarang diteliti oleh para peneliti. Kajian ini merupakan studi lapangan (library research) dimana sumber datanya diperoleh dari kegiatan wawancara dan studi dokumen. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode analisis data menurut Miles dan Huberman: reduksi data, pemaparan data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Didasari dengan teori Matusitz, Pranawati, dan Golose tentang doktrin terorisme dimana gerakan ini ingin mendirikan negara Islam, memaknai jihad sebagai perang, anti terhadap non-Muslim, dan melegalkan bom bunuh diri, kajian ini akan menelaah respons Al Washliyah terhadap empat persoalan tersebut. Kajian ini mengajukan temuan bahwa Al Washliyah menolak paham dan gerakan terorisme yang muncul dan berkembang di Indonesia, dan para ulamanya menilai bahwa kaum teroris telah salah dalam memahami ajaran Islam. Temuan kajian ini dapat berkontribusi bagi pemerintah dalam upaya menanggulangi gerakan terorisme di Indonesia. Al Washliyah is one of Islamic organizations that rejects the concept of terrorism in Indonesia. This article examines Al Washliyah's responses to terrorism. This study is interesting because this organization has fanatic followers and manages many business charities, but rarely investigated by researchers. This research is field studies where the data sources obtained from the interviews activities and document studies. Data were analyzed by using data analysis method according to Miles and Huberman: data reduction, data display, and conclusion. Based on the theory of Matusitz, Pranawati, and Golose about terrorism doctrine in which the program wants to establish an Islamic state, interpret jihad as war, anti to non-Muslims, and legalize suicide bombings, this study will examine the Al Washliyah's responses to those four issues. This study proposes that Al Washliyah rejects the concept of terrorism which appears and develops in Indonesia, and ulama consider that terrorists have misunderstood on Islamic concept. The findings of this study may contribute to the government in combating terrorism movement in Indonesia.

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Nasution, Hasnah, and Al Rasyidin. "RESPONS AL-ITTIHADIYAH DI SUMATERA UTARA TERHADAP RADIKALISME." Journal of Contemporary Islam and Muslim Societies 3, no. 1 (March 14, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30821/jcims.v3i1.3375.

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Abstrak: Studi ini menganalisa respons organisasi Al-Ittihadiyah di Sumatera Utara terhadap radikalisme. Belakangan ini muncul pernyataan yang menimbulkan kontra produktif di mana organisasi Islam selain Nahdlatul Ulama diragukan perannya dalam membangun peradaban bangsa. Artikel ini menganalisis respons Al-Ittihadiyah terhadap radikalisme. Al-Ittihadiyah didirikan sebelum Indonesia merdeka dan para tokohnya ikut memperjuangkan dan mempertahankan kemerdekaan. Data studi ini diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam yang dilengkapi dengan kegiatan studi dokumen dan observasi; lalu dianalisis dengan menggunakan model analisis data Miles dan Huberman. Hasilnya adalah bahwa Al-Ittihadiyah merupakan organisasi Islam moderat sebagaimana dua organisasi Islam papan atas, NU dan Muhammadiyah. Organisasi ini, melalui lisan dan tulisan pengurusnya, menegaskan bahwa radikalisme bertentangan dengan semangat Islam. Mereka menolak banyak gagasan kelompok radikal seperti khilafah, anti-Barat, jihad berarti perang, dan legalisasi bom bunuh diri, sembari memberikan solusi bagi peredaman pertumbuhan dan perkembangan radikalisme di Indonesia. Abstract: Al-Ittihadiyah in North Sumatra and Its Responses to Radicalism. This study analyzes the response of the Al-Ittihadiyah in North Sumatra to radicalism. Lately there has been a counter-productive statement undermining the contribution of Islamic organizations other than Nahdlatul Ulama in building national civilization. Al-Ittihadiyah was established in Medan before Indonesia’s independence and its prominent leaders participated in gaining and maintaining independence. Information for this article has been gathered through combination of interviews, observations, and document reviews. Data analysis was based on the model developed by Miles and Huberman. It is concluded that Al-Ittihadiyah is a moderate Islamic organization, very much like the two top-flight Islamic organizations, Nahdlatul Ulama and Muhammadiyah. This organization, through oral and written statement of the management, asserted that radicalism is against the spirit of Islam. They reject many of the ideas of radical groups such as the Caliphate, anti-West, jihâd means war, and the legalization of suicide bombings, while providing solutions to suppress the growth and development of radicalism in Indonesia. Kata Kunci: radikalisme, jihad, kafir, bom bunuh diri, Al-Ittihadiyah, Melayu, Mandailing

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Aziz, Azhar Abdul. "The Burden of Terrorism in Malaysia." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 18, no. 2 (June 2003): 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00000856.

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AbstractIn the peace-loving, moderate and progressive country of Muslim-dominated Malaysia, violence generally is alien to the culture. Terrorism initially took shape during the post-independence, communist era by jungle recalcitrant actions. In recent years, this has been superceded by a more internationally related trend of violence. Only very few incidents were based locally, while the majority were linked to international groups or organizations abroad, including the Kumpulan Mujahidin Malaysia (KMM), Jemaah Islamiyah (JI), and the Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG).Kidnapping with ransom seemed to have been the most commone modus operandi, while killing and robbery accounted for very few of these incidents. The number of victims in each event so far has been small, and smaller for those physically harmed or killed. This pattern of terrorist attacks suggests that the current level of provision of emergency medical services is sufficient to handle such incidents. Recent advances in local emergency medicine also have witnessed the establishment of various teaching and training modules, a pivotal role played by university hospitals and supported by the Ministry of Health.However, the spate of ongoing events of mass destruction such as the conflict in Israel/Palestine, wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, the World Trade Center and Pentagon tragedies of 11 September 2001, and the Bali bombing in Indonesia, remain as great concerns to Malaysians. Both the government and the people of Malaysia abhor such unjustified uses of terror, and take every measure to curtail them. The National Security Council policies of Arahan No. 18 and Arahan No. 20 detail specific roles and responsibilities of various agencies in managing terrorism and disasters respectively, while the use of the stern Internal Security Act that allows indefinite detention without trial, evidently has been an efficient intelligence and security apparatus.With more recent developments of terrorist events regionally and globally, Malaysia continues to face an ongoing threat from such activities. Various measures have been and will be actively undertaken both by government and non-governmental agencies in facing these challenges.

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Suryani, Tamat. "Terorisme dan Deradikalisasi: Pengantar Memahami Fundamentalisme Islam dan Strategi Pencegahan Aksi Terorisme." Jurnal Keamanan Nasional 3, no. 2 (November 30, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.31599/jkn.v3i2.57.

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Terrorism an eminent threat to the people of the world, not exceptionally Indonesia as a state and nation. The experience in dealing with the Bali bombing case in 2002 has given an important lesson for Indonesia, especially for the police. The notable lesson is that it is necessary for, not only having a concern on investigation process of the terrorism cases, but also on de-radicalization efforts to deradicalise the perpetrator.Preventive action terrorism act is more meaningful, compared to the ability of police to punish terrorists who did bombings and killed dozens or hundreds of people. Thus, the question is who are those who needs to be involved in deradicalization programme.

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Abdallah, Abdallah. "State, Religious Education, and Prevention of Violent Extremism in Southeast Asia." Studia Islamika 26, no. 2 (August 13, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/sdi.v26i2.12204.

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In the last two decades, violent extremism has become the center of attention for the world. The 9/11 attack in New York which devastated the World Trade Center (WTC) twin towers were a “big bang” for the violence phenomena triggered by the existence of radical religious ideas. The tragedy carried out by the al-Qaeda extremist group triggered tension in many countries which at some level it gave birth to the symptoms of a so-called called “Islamophobia”—a religious perspective that sees Islam as the estuary of violence. That dark event, then, has signaled a new chapter in the portrait of global diversity.Since then, violent extremism phenomena have been increasingly affecting the Southeast Asian region. Bali Bombing I (2002), Bali Bombing II (2005), attacks on the Ahmadiya group in Cikeusik, Banten (2011), Sunni conflicts with Shia community in Sampang, Madura (2013), burning of churches in Singkil, Aceh and burning of mosques in Tolikara, Papua (2015), the bombing on Thamrin Street, Jakarta (2016) and the suicide bombings in three churches in Surabaya (2018) have shown us that violent extremism was a bitter experience for Indonesia. This gives a gloomy representation for the essence of religious understanding that rests on the idea of raḥmatan li al-‘ālamīn—becoming a blessing for the entire universe. Also, the phenomena have alarmed us to be cautious and worry about threats on Indonesianism that upholds diversity.

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