Academic literature on the topic 'Bombacci'

- Nicola Bombacci was an important PSI's leader during the First World War and the biennio rosso (1919-1920). After his expulsion from the PCd'I, of which was one of the founders, he approached fascism and became one of the last supporters of it since he had been shooted by partisans and died in Como Lake, and had been exposed in Loreto Square beside to Mussolini. After a short historical mention of the Bombacci's political life, these pages will analyse deeper the question of the passage from the left to fascism in interwar Italy, through the analyse of his political language. The method executed in order to analyse the question foresees the use of a biography by dates and the identification of the political interpretation's categories, which permit to carry out a comparison between the social-communist and fascist period. In conclusions, the article proposes a thesis of interpretation: the political passion.Parole chiave: Fascismo, Nazione, Rivoluzione, Classe, Guerra, Passione politica Fascism, Nation, Revolution, Class, War, Political passion

En el artículo se analiza el mito del corporativismo en la llamada “izquierda fascista” italiana a partir de un estudio de caso, el de La Verità, una revista mensual publicada en Italia entre 1936 y 1943. La Verità fue dirigida por el exlíder comunista Nicola Bombacci y en ella colaboraron un número no desdeñable de otros exdirigentes de los partidos de la izquierda italiana que se conviertieron al fascismo después de la instauración del régimen de Mussolini. A través del análisis de las publicaciones de La Verità sobre la cuestión corporativa, se pone de relieve como el grupo de colaboradores de la revista, incluido su mismo director, se convirtió en un megáfono del régimen fascista y en un aparato de irradiación acrítica de la propuesta corporativa del fascismo italiano hasta el verano de 1943.

Abstract Motivation The potential of the Bombali virus, a novel Ebolavirus, to cause disease in humans remains unknown. We have previously identified potential determinants of Ebolavirus pathogenicity in humans by analysing the amino acid positions that are differentially conserved (specificity determining positions; SDPs) between human pathogenic Ebolaviruses and the non-pathogenic Reston virus. Here, we include the many Ebolavirus genome sequences that have since become available into our analysis and investigate the amino acid sequence of the Bombali virus proteins at the SDPs that discriminate between human pathogenic and non-human pathogenic Ebolaviruses. Results The use of 1408 Ebolavirus genomes (196 in the original analysis) resulted in a set of 166 SDPs (reduced from 180), 146 (88%) of which were retained from the original analysis. This indicates the robustness of our approach and refines the set of SDPs that distinguish human pathogenic Ebolaviruses from Reston virus. At SDPs, Bombali virus shared the majority of amino acids with the human pathogenic Ebolaviruses (63.25%). However, for two SDPs in VP24 (M136L, R139S) that have been proposed to be critical for the lack of Reston virus human pathogenicity because they alter the VP24-karyopherin interaction, the Bombali virus amino acids match those of Reston virus. Thus, Bombali virus may not be pathogenic in humans. Supporting this, no Bombali virus-associated disease outbreaks have been reported, although Bombali virus was isolated from fruit bats cohabitating in close contact with humans, and anti-Ebolavirus antibodies that may indicate contact with Bombali virus have been detected in humans. Availability and implementation Data files are available from https://github.com/wasslab/EbolavirusSDPsBioinformatics2019. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

Bawang bombai termasuk dalam famili Alliaceae yang sering digunakan sebagai bumbu masak. Bawang bombai memiliki potensi sebagai antioksidan alami. Senyawa aktif yang bertindak sebagai antioksidan dalam bawang bombai adalah senyawa fenolik dan flavonoid. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kadar air, kadar abu, senyawa metabolit sekunder, penentuan kadar fenolik dan flavonoid total serta aktivitas antioksidan umbi bawang bombai (Allium cepa L.). Pembuatan ekstrak umbi bawang bombai dilakukan dengan metode maserasi bertingkat menggunakan tiga pelarut yang berbeda kepolarannya yakni diklorometana, etil asetat dan etanol 96%. Total ekstrak yang diperoleh dari pelarut diklorometana, etil asetat dan etanol 96% adalah 3,661; 1,476; 72,612 g. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bawang bombai memiliki kadar air sebesar 64,7% dalam bentuk basah dan 5,2% dalam bentuk serbuk. Kadar abu yang diperoleh sebesar 5,64%. Penapisan fitokimia menunjukkan adanya senyawa flavonoid, saponin, tannin, fenolik, kuinon, steroid dan triterpenoid dalam ekstrak umbi bawang bombai. Kadar fenolik total dan kadar flavonoid total dari ekstrak etanol umbi bawang bombai sebesar 18,245 mg GAE/g ekstrak dan 3,381 mg QE/g ekstrak. Nilai IC50 dari ekstrak etanol umbi bawang bombai adalah sebesar 78,723 μg/mL dan termasuk kedalam golongan antioksidan kuat. Kata kunci : bawang bombai, kadar fenolik total, kadar flavonoid total, aktivitas antioksidan

Twelve commercial and promising mango cultivars were evaluated at three agroecological zones of Bangladesh viz., Akbarpur (AEZ 29), Chapai Nawabgonj (AEZ 11), and Gazipur (AEZ 28) during 2006-07 to investigate their regional adaptability. Cultivars included in the experiment were Ashwina, BARI Aam-1, Bombai, Deori, Fazli, Gopalbhog, Kalia, Khirsapat, Langra, Lata Bombai, Rani Passand, and Surjapuri. The plants were transplanted in the field during July 1993. Tree volume was the maximum (79.78 m3) in Khirsapat and the minimum in Lata Bombai (21.92 m3). Langra had the highest percentage of perfect flower (27%), while the lowest was in Deori and Kalia (5%). The earliest and latest fruit was harvested from BARI Aam-1 and Ashwina, respectively, at all locations. All the cultivars were harvested 3-5 and 8-10 days earlier at Akbarpur and Gazipur, respectively, compared to that at Chapai Nawabgonj. The highest individual fruit weight was obtained from Fazli at all locations, while Gopalbhog (130 g) had the lowest fruit weight at Akbarpur and Surjapuri at Chapai Nawabgonj (172 g) and Gazipur (140 g). Total soluble solids content was reasonably high in all the cultivars at each location (around 20%) except Ashwina, Lata Bombai, and Surjapuri which contained around 16% TSS. Lata Bombai was highly susceptible to anthracnose, floral malformation, and stem-end-rot at almost all the locations. Other cultivars showed low to medium susceptibility to all these diseases. The highest and lowest fruit producing cultivars were Khirsapat (206) and Lata Bombai (106) at Gazipur, while Rani Passand (196) and Bombai, Lata Bombai (92) at Akbarpur but at Chapai Nawabgonj, these were Langra (325) and Deori (117), respectively. Cultivar Fazli (83.61 kg) was the highest yielder by weight, while Lata Bombai (18.35 kg) was the lowest. Among the locations, Chapai Nawabgonj was the most favourable for plant growth, perfect flower production, and yield, and least favourable for pests and diseases. The overall result of the experiment indicated that good quality mango could also be grown successfully under Akbarpur and Gazipur conditions adopting appropriate variety like Khirsapat. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v37i4.14394 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 37(4): 691-710, December 2012

La tesis doctoral titulada El peso de la nación. Nicola Bombacci, Paul Marion y Oscar Pérez Solís en la Europa de entreguerras aborda la cuestión del tránsito de dirigentes políticos de formaciones políticas de izquierda a organizaciones políticas y sindicales fascistas en Italia, Francia y España en los años comprendidos entre la Primera y la Segunda Guerra Mundial. El trabajo se estructura en tres grandes capítulos, cada uno de ellos dedicado a un caso nacional y ceñido en un dirigente político considerado representativo del “transfuguismo”: Nicola Bombacci para Italia, Paul Marion para Francia y Óscar Pérez Solís para España. El análisis de la cuestión se desarrolla en tres niveles: el estudio de biografías, el análisis del lenguaje político y la historia de la política y del pensamiento político en una perspectiva comparada. Cada capítulo está organizado de la misma manera para facilitar al lector la comparación y para poner de relieve analogías y diferencias entre los tres contextos nacionales. La primera parte de cada capítulo se centra en una contextualización histórica e historiográfica, permitiendo poner de relieve tanto el poco interés prestado por la historiografía de cada país a esta cuestión y las maneras en que las historiografías nacionales se han acercado –cuando lo han hecho– a esta temática, como la no excepcionalidad de los casos de Bombacci, Marion y Pérez Solís en la Italia, la Francia y la España de entreguerras. En los siguientes apartados se presenta un estudio de la trayectoria humana y política de cada uno de los tres tránsfugas seleccionados, prestando particular atención al análisis del lenguaje político. Gracias a la utilización de fuentes primarias (fondos archivísticos, publicaciones periódicas, panfletos y opúsculos), se ha profundizado en el estudio del tránsito de Nicola Bombacci del socialismo maximalista al fascismo mussoliniano, pasando por el comunismo (cap. I), del tránsito de Paul Marion del comunismo al colaboracionismo vichyssois, pasando por el neosocialismo y el Partido Popular Francés (cap. II), y del tránsito de Óscar Pérez Solís del socialismo democrático al falangismo, pasando por el comunismo y el catolicismo social (cap. III). La historia propuesta es una historia de la política y del pensamiento político, cuyos principales referentes se encuentran en las obras de Valerio Romitelli y en los estudios de Gareth Stedman Jones, Roger Chartier y Lynn Hunt. A la atención prestada a la biografía del personaje se junta el análisis del lenguaje político, que se considera un recurso fundamental para poder explicar estas trayectorias. Con el objetivo de demostrar como el lenguaje utilizado por Bombacci, Marion y Pérez Solís no se diferenció particularmene de sus respectivos entornos políticos (tanto los de partida como los de llegada y los de paso), se ha intentado ampliar el ámbito de la investigación, incluyendo referencias a los lenguajes políticos de otros tránsfugas y también –sobre todo por el caso italiano que se ha podido estudiar más detenidamente– de otros dirigentes políticos que no son catalogables como tránsfugas. En las conclusiones se presentan unas primeras reflexiones comparativas sobre la cuestión del tránsito de la izquierda al fascismo en la Europa de entreguerra, poniendo de relieve seis elementos comunes a las tres trayectorias biográficas estudiadas: el culto de la acción; la importancia de las minorías; el mito de la revolución; la presencia de enemigos comunes como la democracia liberal, el parlamentarismo, la burguesía y el capitalismo; el antimaterialismo y la sustitución de la clase con la nación. Finalmente, se propone también una propuesta de interpretación más general: la pasión de y por la política.
This PhD’s thesis which is entitled El peso de la nación. Nicola Bombacci, Paul Marion y Oscar Pérez Solís en la Europa de entreguerras deals with the transition of political leaders from left wing parties to political organizations and fascist tradeunions in Italy, France and Spain in the period between the First and Second World Wars. This investigation is structured in three chapters, each dedicated to a a different national situation and focused on a political leader, considered representative of the “transfuguismo”: Nicola Bombacci for Italy, Paul Marion, for France and Óscar Pérez Solís for Spain. The analysis of the theme develops into three levels, biographical study, the analysis of the political language, and the history of politics and political thought from a comparative perspective. Each chapter is organised in the same way to provide the reader with a clear comparison and illuminate analogies and differences between the three national contexts. The first section of each chapter centers on a historical contextualisation and histography, thereby emphasising the small amount of attention paid to the history of each country in question and the ways in which the national histories have approached -in the cases when they have done so- this subject as with the unexpectional cases of Bombacci, Marion and Péres Solís in interwar Italy, France, and Spain. The following sections present a study of the human and political trajectory of each of the three selected renegades, paying particular attention to the analysis of the political language. Thanks to the utilisation of primary sources (content from the archives, publications from periodicals, pamphlets and brochures), the section studies in depth the transition of Nicola Bombacci from maximalist socialism to Mussolini´s fascism, passing through communism (Chapter I), the transition of Paul Marion from communism to colaborationism vichyssois, passing through neosocialism and the French Popular Party (Chapter II), and the transition of Óscar Pérez Solís from democratic socialism to falangism, passing through communism and social catholicism (Chapter III). The proposed history is a history of the politics and political thought whose principals are found in the works of Valerio Romitelli and in the investigations of Gareth Stedman Jones, Roger Chartier and Lynn Hunt. As well as the attention payed to the biography of each person, there is an analysis of the political language, which is considered a fundamental resource for explaining these trajectories. With the objective of demonstrating how the language used by Bombacci, Marion and Pérez Solís does not differ particularly from their respective political enviroments (from their exit, entrance and career in its entirity), the scope of the investigation has been expanded to include references to the political language of other renegades and also -above all in the Italian case which has been studied at length- of the leading politicians which cannot be classed as renegades. The conclusion presents comparative reflexions on the question of the transition to the left from fascism in interwar europe, highlighting six common elements of the three chosen biographies: the cult of action; the importance of the minorities; the myth of the revolution; the presence of common enemies, such as the liberal democracy, the parliamentarianism, the bourgeoisie and capitalism, anti-materialism, the substitution of class with the nation. Finally the proposition of a more general interpretation: the passion of and for politics.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em História
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Neste trabalho se encontra a abordagem de um fenômeno sócio-cultural que vem ocorrendo em Santa Catarina nas últimas quatro décadas deste século: o Movimento Tradicionalista Gaúcho. Dentro da perspectiva da História Cultural, e explorando sua abrangência e possibilidades, este estudo se preocupa em mostrar as dimensões sociais, culturais e políticas, promovidas pelo tradicionalismo gaúcho no estado. Sendo assim, busca interpretar este Movimento através da análise do crescimento do número de Centros de Tradição Gaúcha em Santa Catarina (CTG's), responsáveis diretos pela expansão do tradicionalismo gaúcho, entre os anos de 1959 e 1997, relacionando-os à diversidade cultural do estado, bem como às tensões sociais que nela se fazem presente. Desta forma, resultam 3 capítulos relacionais: um primeiro que discute o gaúcho enquanto emergência sócio-cultural, partindo do Rio Grande do Sul e se estendendo até Santa Catarina; um segundo que mostra a expansão do Movimento Tradicionalista Gaúcho no estado, e por último, um terceiro capítulo que trata das práticas e representações empreendidas por este Movimento em sua expansão em Santa Catarina.

With boots and bombachas (a typical pair of pants worn by people called gaúchos in Rio Grande do Sul/Brasil): an anthropological study on Gaúchas (the so called culture from the gaúchos) identities and Traditionalism is the title of the dissertation submitted to the Graduation Program in Social Sciences of the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Rio Grande do Sul/Brazil, in the Social Identities and Ethnic Groups Area, under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Ceres Karan Brum. The aim of the present research is referring to gaucho s staging and identities meanings in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Within this context the paper investigates the circularity of the interpretive flows throughout the history of Rio Grande do Sul and, still nowadays, on the emblematic character of the gaúcho, including the representations and practices of countryman, projections and interfaces between the symbolic farm laborer and the real farm laborer, their approaches and their distances, their symbolic universes being them: shared, disputed or separated. It is proposed to understand this process as a circularity, forming interpretative flows between the rural and urban, between the countryside and the city, understanding this relationship as a dialogue, with exchanges and interfaces between traditionalist men from the city and those who are from the farms, who distribute these identities in a constant and intermittent way, not building a single track that could be modeled and copied, true and false, real and imaginary. It is also tried to demonstrate that the identity of the urban gaúcho, created from the model of rural south-Brazilian men, is reinvented in the city and it is developed in the country with new practices and representations, which are also appropriate and re-signified in the farms. By doing so, the country men give a new meaning to the traditional practices and return to the city with new practices and a representations about what is to be a gaúcho. Throughout this process it is tried to understand the context between country and city, with a constant flux of interpretations and re-interpretations of the same symbolic universe, which are the interfaces between the traditionalists from the city and those from the farms.
De bota e bombacha: Um estudo antropológico sobre as identidades gaúchas e o tradicionalismo é o título do texto dissertativo apresentado ao programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Sociais, da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Área de Concentração Identidades Sociais e Etnicidade, sob orientação da Profª Drª Ceres Karan Brum. O tema central desta pesquisa se refere às representações e as significações das identidades do gaúcho no Rio Grande do Sul. Nesse contexto, busco entender a circularidade dos fluxos interpretativos dados ao longo da história do Rio Grande do Sul e ainda hoje, sobre a figura emblemática do gaúcho, entre as representações tradicionalistas1 e as práticas dos peões de estância, as projeções e interfaces entre o peão simbólico e o peão real, suas aproximações e seus distanciamentos, seus universos simbólicos compartilhados, disputados ou dissociados. Proponho entender este processo como uma circularidade, formando fluxos interpretativos entre o rural e o urbano, entre o campo e a cidade, entendendo esta relação como um diálogo, no sentido de trocas e interfaces entre peões tradicionalistas e peões de estância, que fazem circular estas identidades de maneira constante e intermitente, não constituindo uma via única de modelo e cópia, verdadeiro e falso, real e imaginário. Procuro demonstrar que essa identidade gauchesca urbana, criada ao modelo do homem rural sulino, reinventa-se na cidade e devolve ao campo novas práticas e representações, que por sua vez, são também apropriadas e re-significadas nas estâncias. Desta forma, os peões de estância re-significam as práticas tradicionalistas e devolvem para a cidade novas práticas e representações sobre o gauchismo. É dessa maneira que busco entender o contexto campo e cidade. Um constante fluxo de interpretações e re-interpretações acerca de um mesmo universo simbólico, que são, as interfaces entre os peões tradicionalistas e peões de estância.

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Esta dissertação tem como tema de estudo a “tradição” gaúcha, em especial um de seus artefatos culturais, a bombacha. A pesquisa foi realizada tendo como eixo orientador as seguintes questões: 1) Que sentidos posso atribuir às narrativas sobre a “tradição” gaúcha? 2) Como são constituídas as práticas de confeccionar bombachas? 3) Como saberes matemáticos operam na constituição de tais práticas? Para discutir tais questões foram consideradas as teorizações contemporâneas sobre currículo e os aportes do campo da Etnomatemática examinados a partir de uma perspectiva alinhada com o pensamento pós-moderno. A parte empírica da pesquisa foi realizada através de procedimentos de “tipo etnográfico”: foram realizadas observações e entrevistas com sete pessoas que confeccionavam bombachas e utilizado um diário de campo. A dissertação está organizada em cinco capítulos. O primeiro consiste em uma apresentação geral do trabalho. O segundo explicita o lugar teórico a partir do qual foi realizado o estudo e como foi const
The topic of study of this thesis is the gaucho “tradition”, specifically one of its cultural artifacts, which are the bombacha trousers. The following questions served as the orienting theme of the research: 1) What meanings can I attribute to the narratives about gaucho “tradition”?; 2) How are the practices of making bombachas constituted?; 3) How does mathematical knowledge operate in the constitution of such practices? In order to discuss these questions, contemporary theorizations on curriculum were considered and the contributions of the area of Ethnomathematics were examined from a perspective aligned with postmodern thought. The empirical part of the research was carried out through “ethnographic” procedures: seven people who make bombachas were observed and interviewed and a field log was used. This thesis is organized into five chapters. The first chapter is a general presentation of the work. The second explains the theoretical point from which the study took place and how the object of stu

ABSTRACT “FGM is known to have no health benefits and has serious, immediate and long-term physical and psychological health consequences, which can be severe, including post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety and reduced desire or sexual satisfaction” (28 Too Many, 2014, p5). This master thesis is an attempt to gain male perspectives in strategies to eradicate Female Genital Mutilation, FGM. The aim is to gain an understanding on how men view the concept of FGM in relation to existing norms such as gender, social and international norms. Literature tends to focus less on men’s roles and views compared to on women´s for how to end FGM. The male perspective is very important especially as literature shows that cultural practices in most cases benefit men compared to women as is shown in the case of FGM. Men are held in high esteem as the ones with a final deciding voice in the homes, institutions and the general community. This was also the case in the village of Mabonkani. Men hold powers to enable or prohibit actions and practices.  Therefore, if FGM is to end, men can, because of their positionality spearhead effective campaigns and awareness raising messages. Focus groups and interviews were used to obtain information. The empirical findings were analysed and categorised and then presented in tables, graphs and themes. The findings revealed a conflictual decision making that men face if/when they decide to abandon FGM as it is heavily tied to their cultural and social identity. Abandoning the practice also means that they face ostracism by their own community members, loss of identity as a family man and community member, breaking up social cohesion among other reasons. Men are keen on ending FGM after lengthy discussions on its complications at a personal and social level. Men expressed that they preferred the training of women than the removal of clitoris. They offered various solutions including sending girls to schools to address issues of informed consent/age as well as getting young people to be more involved in and to include all actors instead of picking just a few. The views of household men and youth were different. The youth embraced international norms. They suggested that it is up to them to change the future of the next generation through the information available and they no longer claim ignorance about FGM as was the case earlier.  All men interviewed cited challenges of identity, ostracism by their own community and lack of national laws to support their actions. The analysis looked at the human rights approach, how local communities can be influenced to abandon traditional harmful practices in favour of international norms that will promote gender equality and breakdown structural and systematic norms that discriminate.

The thesis deals with the most influential family of the group of Baghdadi Jews, which came to Bombay in the first quarter of the 19th century. It focuses on activities of the family in Bombay - in and outside the Jewish community, among the British and in the majority society; and especially on its influence on the developement of the city itself, her trade and industry. The consequent identity change and secularisation of the group and its relationship to other minorities is discussed as well. The topic is viewed in the context of Baghdadi Jewish diaspora in Asia. The thesis is based on available information sources and on visit to Bombay, studied period is limited by arrival of the group and by its departure at the beginning of the 20th century.