Relevant bibliographies by topics / Bomb radiocarbon

Academic literature on the topic 'Bomb radiocarbon'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Bomb radiocarbon"

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Mouchet, Anne. "The Ocean Bomb Radiocarbon Inventory Revisited." Radiocarbon 55, no. 3 (2013): 1580–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200048505.

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Large discrepancies exist among data-based estimates and model reconstructions of the ocean bomb radiocarbon inventory. In order to resolve this gap, it has been proposed that the CO2 piston velocity should be revised downward (Sweeney et al. 2007; Müller et al. 2008). This article compares the transient 14C distributions in the ocean obtained with different formulations of the isotopic ratio commonly used in modeling studies. It is found that both the CO2 increase and the air-sea CO2 flux significantly contribute to the 1990 ocean bomb 14C inventory, by around 10% each. Moreover, these 2 processes explain more than 25% of the inventory difference between 1974 and 1990. These results imply that, as already argued by Naegler (2009), inventories based on observations that lack information about CO2 invasion are underestimated. Further, this work provides insight into the reasons for discrepancies among model results. It suggests that while a comprehensive isotopic formulation is needed when addressing the global 14C cycle, a simplified form is more relevant for model calibration and piston velocity assessment based on currently available bomb 14C inventories.
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Ayache, Mohamed, Jean-Claude Dutay, Anne Mouchet, Nadine Tisnérat-Laborde, Paolo Montagna, Toste Tanhua, Giuseppe Siani, and Philippe Jean-Baptiste. "High-resolution regional modelling of natural and anthropogenic radiocarbon in the Mediterranean Sea." Biogeosciences 14, no. 5 (March 13, 2017): 1197–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1197-2017.

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Abstract. A high-resolution dynamical model (Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean, Mediterranean configuration – NEMO-MED12) was used to give the first simulation of the distribution of radiocarbon (14C) across the whole Mediterranean Sea. The simulation provides a descriptive overview of both the natural pre-bomb 14C and the entire anthropogenic radiocarbon transient generated by the atmospheric bomb tests performed in the 1950s and early 1960s. The simulation was run until 2011 to give the post-bomb distribution. The results are compared to available in situ measurements and proxy-based reconstructions. The radiocarbon simulation allows an additional and independent test of the dynamical model, NEMO-MED12, and its performance to produce the thermohaline circulation and deep-water ventilation. The model produces a generally realistic distribution of radiocarbon when compared with available in situ data. The results demonstrate the major influence of the flux of Atlantic water through the Strait of Gibraltar on the inter-basin natural radiocarbon distribution and characterize the ventilation of intermediate and deep water especially through the propagation of the anthropogenic radiocarbon signal. We explored the impact of the interannual variability on the radiocarbon distribution during the Eastern Mediterranean Transient (EMT) event. It reveals a significant increase in 14C concentration (by more than 60 ‰) in the Aegean deep water and at an intermediate level (value up to 10 ‰) in the western basin. The model shows that the EMT makes a major contribution to the accumulation of radiocarbon in the eastern Mediterranean deep waters.
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Grumet, Nancy S., Thomas P. Guilderson, and Robert B. Dunbar. "Pre-Bomb Radiocarbon Variability Inferred from a Kenyan Coral Record." Radiocarbon 44, no. 2 (2002): 581–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200031933.

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We report results from AMS radiocarbon measurements (δ14C) in corals recovered off the coast of Kenya. Bimonthly samples which span the pre-bomb era average −51 (±3.7; n=43), when age and Suess effect are corrected, and over the time of interest (1946–1954) do not exhibit any discernible seasonality. Relative to regional pre-bomb δ14C values in the western Indian Ocean, our results indicate 14C enrichment off the coast of Kenya. Furthermore, the absence of a distinct subannual δ14C signal suggests that open and coastal upwelling is negligible off the coast of Kenya. Unlike pre-bomb values south of the equator near Seychelles and Madagascar, our pre-bomb value are enriched by more than 10. The enrichment of pre-bomb Kenyan δ14C values relative to sites around Mauritius, northern Madagascar and Seychelles, suggest that the influence of depleted δ14C water transported in the SEC is limited to regions south of 3 to 4°S.
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Andrews, Allen H., Beverly K. Barnett, Robert J. Allman, Ryan P. Moyer, and Hannah D. Trowbridge. "Great longevity of speckled hind (Epinephelus drummondhayi), a deep-water grouper, with novel use of postbomb radiocarbon dating in the Gulf of Mexico." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 70, no. 8 (August 2013): 1131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2012-0537.

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Growth characteristics are poorly understood for speckled hind (Epinephelus drummondhayi), a tropical deep-water grouper of economic importance that is considered overfished. Age has been validated for early growth, but the validity of adult age estimates is unknown. A few studies of growth zones in otoliths have revealed maximum age estimates of 15–35 years, which have been uncritically assumed as longevity. To answer questions about adult age, bomb radiocarbon dating was used to provide validated age estimates. A novel aspect of this study was use of the postbomb radiocarbon decline period (ca. 1980–2004) to age younger fish, an approach that was validated with known-age otoliths. Bomb radiocarbon dating provided valid length-at-age estimates ranging from ∼5 years to more than 45 years. Age was unexpectedly greater than previous estimates for more than half the fish used in this study, and longevity may approach 60–80 years. This study extends the utility of bomb radiocarbon dating by more than 20 years and adds to the growing perspective that deep-water tropical fishes can be long-lived.
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Campana, Steven E., Lisa J. Natanson, and Sigmund Myklevoll. "Bomb dating and age determination of large pelagic sharks." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 59, no. 3 (March 1, 2002): 450–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f02-027.

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Despite their notoriety and role as apex predators, the longevity of large pelagic sharks such as the porbeagle (Lamna nasus) and shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus) is unknown. Vertebral growth bands provide an accurate indicator of age in young porbeagle, but age validation has never been reported for any large shark species past the age of sexual maturity. Here, we report the first application of bomb radiocarbon as an age validation method for long-lived sharks based on date-specific incorporation of radiocarbon into vertebral growth bands. Our results indicate that porbeagle vertebrae recorded and preserved a bomb radiocarbon pulse in growth bands formed during the 1960s. Through comparison of radiocarbon assays in young, known-age porbeagle collected in the 1960s with the corresponding growth bands in old porbeagle collected later, we confirm the validity of porbeagle vertebral growth band counts as accurate annual age indicators to an age of at least 26 years. The radiocarbon signatures of porbeagle vertebral growth bands appear to be temporally and metabolically stable and derived mainly from the radiocarbon content of their prey. Preliminary radiocarbon assays of shortfin mako vertebrae suggest that current methods for determining shortfin mako age are incorrect.
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Andrews, Allen H., Daria Siciliano, Donald C. Potts, Edward E. DeMartini, and Stephannie Covarrubias. "Bomb Radiocarbon and the Hawaiian Archipelago: Coral, Otoliths, and Seawater." Radiocarbon 58, no. 3 (May 17, 2016): 531–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2016.32.

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AbstractCorals of the Hawaiian Archipelago are well situated in the North Pacific Gyre (NPG) to record how bomb-produced radiocarbon has been sequestered and transported by the sea. While this signal can be traced accurately through time in reef-building corals and used to infer oceanographic processes and determine the ages of marine organisms, a comprehensive and validated record has been lacking for the Hawaiian Archipelago. In this study, a coral core from Kure Atoll in the northwestern Hawaiian Islands was used to create a high-resolution bomb 14C record for the years 1939–2002, and was then used with other 14C measurements in fish otoliths and seawater to explore differences and similarities in the bomb 14C signal throughout the Hawaiian Archipelago. The Kure Atoll sample series produced a well-defined bomb 14C curve that, with some exceptions, was similar to other coral 14C records from the Hawaiian Archipelago. Subtle differences in the coral 14C records across the region may be explained by the large-scale ocean circulation patterns and decadal cycles of the NPG. The most rapid increase of 14C, in the 1950s and 1960s, showed similar timing across the Hawaiian Archipelago and provides a robust basis for use of bomb 14C dating to obtain high-precision age determinations of marine organisms. Reference otoliths of juvenile fish demonstrated the use of the post-peak 14C decline period as a viable reference in the age validation of younger and more recently collected fishes, and effectively extended the utility of bomb 14C dating to the latest 30 yr.
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Hüls, C. Matthias, Andreas Börner, and Christian Hamann. "WHEAT SEED (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) RADIOCARBON CONCENTRATION OVER THE LAST 75 YEARS." Radiocarbon 63, no. 5 (September 30, 2021): 1387–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2021.81.

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ABSTRACTHere we report radiocarbon measurements made on wheat seed tissue (Triticum aestivum L.; winter or spring type growth habit), from the seed archive of the IPK Gatersleben, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany, which was harvested between 1946 and 2020. The results give an overview of 75 years of radiocarbon concentration evolution in agricultural plant products. The wheat tissue radiocarbon concentrations follow known pre- and post-bomb radiocarbon records, such as the atmospheric Jungfraujoch, Schauinsland, and NH1 datasets. Based on a Northern Hemisphere growing period from April to July, the Gatersleben seed tissue radiocarbon concentration indicates incorporation of fossil carbon of about 1% with respect to the high alpine, clean-air CO2 of the Jungfraujoch station between 1987 and 2019. We propose to use the pre- and post-bomb radiocarbon record of Gatersleben wheat as a reference in forensic investigations, such as the age estimation of paper by analyzing starch used in paper manufacture. Additionally, an advantage of the record reported here lies in its extensibility by adding new analyses from future harvests.
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Haltuch, Melissa A., Owen S. Hamel, Kevin R. Piner, Patrick McDonald, Craig R. Kastelle, and John C. Field. "A California Current bomb radiocarbon reference chronology and petrale sole (Eopsetta jordani) age validation." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 70, no. 1 (January 2013): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2011-0504.

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As petrale sole (Eopsetta jordani) is a valuable groundfish harvested in the California Current, proper ageing is important for its assessment and management. This study presents the first bomb radiocarbon reference chronology for the California Current and petrale sole age validation. Break-and-burn and surface ages are negatively biased by approximately 1 year and 2–3 years, respectively. The reference and validation curves are more variable and show a lag in the rate of radiocarbon increase in comparison to most other time series of bomb radiocarbon in marine systems. Upwelling in the California Current produces a lagged rate of increase in radiocarbon levels owing to the introduction and mixing of radiocarbon-depleted deep waters with surface waters that interact with the atmosphere. The variable and lagged rate of radiocarbon increase in the petrale sole data may be due to their spending a substantial portion of their first year of life in areas subject to variable upwelling, illustrating the importance of using reference curves for age validation that are region and species specific when possible.
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Stewart, R. E. A., S. E. Campana, C. M. Jones, and B. E. Stewart. "Bomb radiocarbon dating calibrates beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) age estimates." Canadian Journal of Zoology 84, no. 12 (December 2006): 1840–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z06-182.

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The ages of many mammals are estimated by counting growth layers in tooth sections, yet validation of age estimation techniques using free-ranging mammals has been problematic. Contrary to age estimates for most other animals in which it is assumed that one bipartite growth increment forms annually, beluga whale ( Delphinapterus leucas (Pallas, 1776)) age estimates have been calculated assuming that two growth layer groups (GLGs) form each year. Here we report the age validation for belugas based on date-specific incorporation of atomic bomb radiocarbon into tooth GLGs. Radiocarbon assays of dentinal layers formed in belugas harvested between 1895 and 2001 indicated that radiocarbon from atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons was incorporated into growing teeth and retained for the remaining life of the animal. Comparison of age determined by bomb radiocarbon with age determined by GLG counts indicated that GLGs form annually, not semiannually, and provide an accurate indicator of age for belugas up to at least 60 years old. Radiocarbon signatures of belugas were temporally and metabolically stable and were apparently derived more from the radiocarbon content of their prey than from water. Our understanding of many facets of beluga population dynamics is altered by the finding that this species lives twice as long as previously thought.
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Glynn, Danielle, Ellen Druffel, Sheila Griffin, Robert Dunbar, Michael Osborne, and Joan Albert Sanchez-Cabeza. "Early Bomb Radiocarbon Detected in Palau Archipelago Corals." Radiocarbon 55, no. 3 (2013): 1659–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200048578.

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In order to evaluate the variability in surface water masses in the Western Pacific Warm Pool, we report high-precision radiocarbon measurements in annual and seasonal bands from Pontes lutea corals collected from the Palau Archipelago (7°N, 134°E). Annual coral bands from 1945 to 2008 and seasonal samples from 1953 to 1957 were analyzed to capture the initial early input of bomb 14C from surface thermonuclear weapons testing in the Marshall Islands. Results show a pre-bomb average δ14C value of-54.9% between 1945 and early 1953. Beginning early in 1954, there is a rapid increase to a maximum of-23.1% at the start of 1955. Values continued to rise after 1957 to a post-bomb peak of 141% by 1976. The large initial rise in δ14C cannot be accounted for by air-sea CO2 exchange. Results therefore suggest that the primary cause of this increase is the lateral advection of fallout-contaminated water from the Marshall Islands to Palau via the North Equatorial Current and then to the North Equatorial Countercurrent.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bomb radiocarbon"

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Hesshaimer, Vago Kilian [Verfasser]. "Tracing the global carbon cycle with bomb radiocarbon / vorgelegt von Vago Kilian Hesshaimer." 2000. http://d-nb.info/961466138/34.

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Grammer, Gretchen Lynn. "Using biogeochemical tracers and sclerochronologies derived from fish otoliths to detect environmental change." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/106775.

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Biogeochemical tracers and sclerochronologies are used to answer many ecological questions that require linking organisms with the environment. Calcified hard parts of organisms that remain chemically inert after formation are particularly advantageous for extracting information (e.g. otoliths, shells, coral) on both the organism and the environment. These structures have growth increments enabling time-resolved information to be extracted on a range of time-scales (sub-daily to centennial). For my research, otoliths (fish earstones) were chosen as an environmental proxy, as they contain both biogeochemical (i.e. radiocarbon and trace elements) and sclerochronological (i.e. growth) signals that reflect environmental change in marine systems. My overarching aim is to use otolith-based proxy records to provide new data describing environmental change in marine systems of southern Australia and New Zealand. More specifically, I employ biogeochemical tracers and sclerochronologies to: (1) detect changes in radiocarbon transport through time in marine waters; (2) establish a radiocarbon record for upwelled waters in the southeastern Indian Ocean; (3) examine local and regional effects of climate forcing on fish growth, and (4) determine the physiological controls acting upon trace element assimilation into otoliths and the differences in chemical constituents of an upwelled water mass. Otoliths of deep water fish – ocean perch from the genus Helicolenus – are used in all applications and originate from areas along southern Australia and New Zealand. Thus, the biogeochemical and sclerochronological data derived from these fish describe changes occurring in the marine environments of the southwest Pacific and southeastern Indian Oceans. Radiocarbon records from the otoliths of H. barathri, combined with published records of other fish species in the southwest Pacific Ocean, show transport of the bomb radiocarbon signal from marine surface waters to depths approaching 1000 m. Transports lags ranging from 5 to 20 years are documented, and radiocarbon reservoir ages are calculated for water masses associated with the Tasman Sea. Radiocarbon measurements from H. percoides, in an upwelling area along the southern coast of Australian (southeastern Indian Ocean), are the very first radiocarbon time series documented for the region and reflect the lower radiocarbon values expected for seasonally upwelled water. Long term growth responses resulting from sclerochronologies from a Helicolenus species complex from southern Australia to New Zealand are compared across regions and species with broad- and local-scale climatic/oceanographic variables using univariate mixed effects models. These data demonstrate how broad scale climate patterns and weather can have additive or synergistic effects on the local environment, which are reflected in the growth of the fish. Biogeochemical tracers (Na, Sr, Mg, Ba, Li) and sclerochronologies (growth) are also extracted from otoliths of the same fish in this upwelling region. These data are used simultaneously in combination with univariate and multivariate mixed effects modelling to describe physiological and environmental controls on otolith chemistry. Temporal signals within these data are correlated with seasonal upwelling events. Ba:Ca and Li:Ca are more influenced by the environment, while Sr:Ca and Na:Ca are controlled by physiological processes. Ba:Ca negatively tracks upwelling events, suggesting an upwelled water mass not enriched in Ba. Li:Ca correlates positively with chlorophyll-a, indicating a possible proxy for marine productivity. Thus, the overarching aim of this research has been achieved: biogeochemical tracers and sclerochronologies derived from Helicolenus otoliths have provided new data describing environmental change in marine systems of southern Australia and New Zealand.
Thesis (Ph.D.) (Research by Publication) -- University of Adelaide, School of Biological Sciences, 2015.
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Book chapters on the topic "Bomb radiocarbon"

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Dorman, Lev I. "Applications of the Radiocarbon Coupling Function Method to Investigations of Planetary Mixing and Exchange Processes; Influence of H-Bomb Explosions on the Environment; Cosmic Ray Variations in the Past." In Astrophysics and Space Science Library, 671–719. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2113-8_17.

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Buchholz, Bruce A., Kanar Alkass, Henrik Druid, and Kirsty L. Spalding. "Bomb Pulse Radiocarbon Dating of Skeletal Tissues." In New Perspectives in Forensic Human Skeletal Identification, 185–96. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-805429-1.00016-8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Bomb radiocarbon"

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Kumamoto, Yuichiro, Akihiko Murata, Shuichi Watanabe, and Masao Fukasawa. "Decadal changes in the bomb-produced radiocarbon in the Pacific Ocean from the 1990s to 2000s." In 2011 Eighth International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery (FSKD 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fskd.2011.6020034.

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Seregin, N., S. Matrenin, and S. Svyatko. "РАДИОУГЛЕРОДНАЯ ХРОНОЛОГИЯ ПАМЯТНИКОВ АЛТАЯ ЭПОХИ ВЕЛИКОГО ПЕРЕСЕЛЕНИЯ НАРОДОВ: ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ." In Радиоуглерод в археологии и палеоэкологии: прошлое, настоящее, будущее. Материалы международной конференции, посвященной 80-летию старшего научного сотрудника ИИМК РАН, кандидата химических наук Ганны Ивановны Зайцевой. Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31600/978-5-91867-213-6-84-85.

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The article presents the results and prospects of the radiocarbon analysis of the Great Migration period sites in Altai. The generalization of the available data (more than 40 dates) made it possible to set a number of questions that determine the directions of further research. Preliminary conclusions about the upper boundary of the existence of the Bulan-Koby culture are made, the possibility of distinguishing two stages within the Belo-Bom and Verkh-Uimon phases of this community is demonstrated, the importance of a systematic study of large necropolises, as well as clarification of the extent of the reservoir effect, already identified from the materials of individual complexes, is indicated.
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Reports on the topic "Bomb radiocarbon"

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Passerotti, Michelle S., Allen H. Andrews, and Lisa J. Natanson. Inferring life history characteristics of the oceanic whitetip shark Carcharhinus longimanus from vertebral bomb radiocarbon. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1575/1912/27806.

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